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Cabral AC, de Souza AC, Sá F, Neto RR, C Martins C. How did a tailings spill change the distribution of legacy organochlorine compounds in a Southeast Atlantic inner shelf area: Is a hidden danger being transferred to the ocean? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166939. [PMID: 37709099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were evaluated in water and sediments from the Espírito Santo Inner Shelf (ESIS), Brazil, three years after the Fundão dam failure (FDF). We discuss the levels, sources, fate, and current environmental risks of these contaminants on temporal and spatial scales. In addition, the associated coastal dispersion patterns, water-sediment exchange trends, and environmental alterations were also discussed. Low contributions and no environmental risks were verified for PCBs after FDF. However, the low concentrations and frequency of occurrence in the samples did not allow for further reliable conclusions regarding the source of this contaminant. In contrast, hazard risk has been detected for DDTs in water and sediments. In sediments, there were a significant increase in level (up to 13.42 ng g-1; outlier = 369.6 ng g-1), inventory (maximum = 35.98 ng cm-2) and mean total mass (21.1 ± 39.4 kg) of DDTs after FDF. The integrated assessment of the spatial distribution in water and sediment suggests that DDTs was released from the Doce River, travelled south by the water column, and returned to the mouth region by northward sediment transport, where it accumulated. However, intense rainfall increased the input of DDTs to the ESIS and may have also altered its spatial distribution. Fugacity fraction analysis (ƒƒ) indicated a net flux of DDTs from water to sediment, suggesting that vertical sinking was an important transport process in this area. Finally, the findings indicate that FDF contributed to DDTs input on ESIS by remobilizing contaminated past sediments and soils from the Doce River drainage basin. This contribution is expected to continue since a large amount of tailings is still stored in the river basin and estuary. These results highlight the importance of assessing the indirect impacts of large-scale land disasters on marine environments, and may be helpful in future interpretations of additional local trends and global inventories of legacy pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Cabral
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Câmara de Souza
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória CEP 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Renato Rodrigues Neto
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória CEP 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Ni L, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Jia R, He J, Zhu Z, Jin H, Ren X, Zhang D. Higher ecological risks and lower bioremediation potentials identified for emerging OPEs than legacy PCBs in the Beibu Gulf, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116244. [PMID: 37245567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as substitutes for traditional halogenated flame retardants is increasing, resulting in greater global concern related to their ecological risks to marine environments. In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and OPEs, representing traditional halogenated and emerging flame retardants, respectively, were studied in multiple environmental matrices in the Beibu Gulf, a typical semi-closed bay in the South China Sea. We investigated the differences in PCB and OPE distributions, sources, risks, and bioremediation potentials. Overall, the concentrations of emerging OPEs were much higher than those of PCBs in both seawater and sediment samples. Sediment samples from the inner bay and bay mouth areas (L sites) accumulated more PCBs, with penta- and hexa-CBs as major homologs. Chlorinated OPEs were prevalent in both seawater and sediment samples from the L sites, whereas tri-phenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) were predominant at the outer bay (B sites) sediment samples. Source identification via principal component analysis, land use regression statistics, and δ13C analysis indicate that PCBs were mainly sourced from the atmospheric deposition of sugarcane and waste incineration, whereas sewage inputs, aquaculture, and shipping activity were identified as sources of OPE pollution in the Beibu Gulf. A half-year sediment anaerobic culturing experiment was performed for PCBs and OPEs, and the results only exhibited satisfactory dechlorination for PCBs. However, compared with the low ecological risks of PCBs to marine organisms, OPEs (particularly trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP) and TPHP) exhibited low to medium threats to algae and crustaceans at most sites. Given their increasing usage, high ecological risks, and low bioremediation potential in enrichment cultures, pollution by emerging OPEs warrants close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Lingfang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, 316012, PR China
| | - Renming Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Junyu He
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Zuhao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Xing Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China.
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Li H, Wang P, Ju Y, Li W, Yang R, Li G, Ren W, Li J, Zhang Q. Occurrence and Source Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments from Liangshui River in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16465. [PMID: 36554346 PMCID: PMC9779105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in the surface sediments of Liangshui River, the second largest drainage river in Beijing, China. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 3.5 to 3019 (mean value: 184) pg g-1 dry weight and from 319 to 5949 (mean value: 1958) pg g-1 dry weight, and the corresponding World Health Organization toxic equivalent quantity values were 0.0011-5.1 pg TEQ g-1 dry weight and 0.0074-1.4 pg TEQ g-1 dry weight, respectively. The spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls showed increasing trends from urban area and development area to suburb. Principal component analysis revealed that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans contamination in the sediments may originate from pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate and municipal solid waste incineration. Regarding polychlorinated biphenyls, the steel industry, combustion processes and usage of some commercial polychlorinated biphenyl products were identified as the major sources. The emission from a former steel plant could be the main contributor to polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas. The mean value of the total toxic equivalent quantities in the sediment samples exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. Long-term wastewater irrigation increases the load of sediment-bound pollutants in agricultural soil and may pose potential ecological risks to crops and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yongming Ju
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sohail M, Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani S, Bokhari H, Zaffar Hashmi M, Ali N, Alamdar A, Podgorski JE, Adelman D, Lohmann R. Freely dissolved organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) along the Indus River Pakistan: spatial pattern and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65670-65683. [PMID: 35499728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freely dissolved OCPs and PCBs were measured by using polyethylene passive samplers at 15 sites during 2014 throughout the stretch of the Indus River to investigate the spatial pattern and risk assess. Levels (pg/L) of dissolved ∑OCPs and ∑PCBs ranged from 34 to 1600 and from 3 to 230. Among the detected OCPs, dissolved DDTs (p,p'-DDE, followed by p,p'-DDT) predominated with levels of 0.48 to 220 pg/L. The order of occurrence for other studied OCPs was as follows: HCB, endosulfans, chlordanes, and HCHs. Spatially, dissolved (pg/L) ∑OCPs varied (p < 0.05) as the following: surface water of the alluvial riverine zone (ARZ) showed the highest levels (114) followed by the frozen mountain zone (FMZ) (52.9), low-lying zone (LLZ) (28.73), and wet mountain zone (WMZ) (14.43), respectively. However, our zone-wise PCB data did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05). Principal component analysis/multilinear regression results showed pesticide usage in the crop/orchard fields and health sector, electric and electronic materials, and widespread industrial activities as the main source of OCPs and PCBs along the Indus River. Our results showed that OCPs and PCBs contaminated water intake, playing an important role towards the considerable cancer/non-cancer risk (HI and CR values) along the Indus River Flood-Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Sargodha Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Habib Bokhari
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joel E Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dave Adelman
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
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Chen X, Gao L, Hu Y, Luan L, Tong R, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhou X. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs in water from a typical coal mining subsidence area in Huainan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59985-59995. [PMID: 35412181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining subsidence areas are a special and widespread ecosystem in China and many developing countries in the world. However, limited research has focused on HCHs and DDTs in coal mining subsidence areas. Investigating the concentration, distribution, and sources of HCHs and DDTs at the Yangzhuang coal mining subsidence area in Huainan, China, is the object of this study. Water samples from different depths were collected from this region to detect and analyze HCHs and DDTs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The result showed that the concentrations of HCHs and DDTs increased with increasing water depth, and the average concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in the top (T-layer), middle (M-layer), and bottom (B-layer) layers were 152, 169, and 182 ng∙L-1, respectively. Spatial distribution of HCH and DDT concentrations in the study area revealed that the concentrations gradually decreased in the direction of water flow, and the highest concentration was observed at the entrance of the Nihe River. The T-layer was easily influenced by environmental and human activities, while the M-layer and B-layer were mainly influenced by sediment. Using principal component analysis and diagnostic ratios, we found that HCHs and DDTs in the study area mainly originated due to natural and human activities (such as pesticide use). Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were mainly derived from lindane, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) mainly originated due to the recent agricultural use of dicofol; both of these are directly related to agricultural activities. Based on a comparison of reported concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in the rivers and lakes throughout China, we found that the overall ecological risk of HCHs and DDTs in the study area was elevated. The results are important for further understanding the transfer characteristics of HCHs and DDTs as well as the ecological health of the water in coal mining subsidence areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Liangmin Gao
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Youbiao Hu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Leilei Luan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Rongrong Tong
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Jiangsu, China
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Zaghden H, Barhoumi B, Jlaiel L, Guigue C, Chouba L, Touil S, Sayadi S, Tedetti M. Occurrence, origin and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorines in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113737. [PMID: 35597001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, origin, and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 27 surface water samples collected from a highly anthropized and industrialized area in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea) in October-November 2017. The results demonstrated a wide range of concentrations (ng L-1) with the following decreasing order: Ʃ16 PAHs (17.6-71.2) > Ʃ20 PCBs (2.9-33.7) > Ʃ6 DDTs (1.1-12.1) > Ʃ4 HCHs (1.1-14.8). Selected diagnostic ratios indicated a mixture of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources of PAHs, with a predominance of petrogenic sources. PCB compositions showed distinct contamination signatures for tetra- to hepta-chlorinated PCBs, characteristic of contamination by commercial (Aroclor) PCB mixtures. The dominant OCP congeners were γ-HCH, 2,4'-DDD and 2,4'-DDE, reflecting past use of Lindane and DDTs in the study area. Agricultural, industrial and domestic activities, as well as atmospheric transport are identified as potential sources of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) suggested a low carcinogenic potential for PAHs in seawater samples (mean of 0.14 ng TEQ L-1). Evaluation of risk coefficients revealed low risk for PAHs and PCBs, and moderate to severe risk for OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Lobna Jlaiel
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Laboratory of Marine Environment, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology (INSTM), Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Soufiane Touil
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Vazquez ND, Chierichetti MA, Acuña FH, Miglioranza KSB. Occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii, sediments and seawater from the southwestern Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39649-39664. [PMID: 35107728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioaccumulable organic compounds. The occurrence of PCBs was assessed in two populations of the intertidal sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii living under different anthropogenic strains. One location was in vicinity to a wastewater plant (Las Delicias, LD), and the other was a preserved location chosen as a reference site (Punta Cantera, PC). Anemone populations were sampled 4 times (spring, summer, autumn and winter) throughout a year, in addition to seawater and sediment from those areas. PCB loadings ranged from 2.89 to 79.41 ng L-1 in seawater samples and from 0.07 to 6.61 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment samples. Total PCB levels ranged from 0.22 to 14.94 and 2.79 to 24.69 ng g-1 wet weight in anemones from PC and LD, respectively. PCBs concentrations in anemones from LD were significantly greater than PC during spring, summer and winter. The congeners 18 and 44 prevailed in seawater samples, 44 and 52 in sediment and 18 and 132+153 in anemones. Redundancy analysis integrated PCB levels from all matrixes and bolstered contrast between sampling sites. Seasonality was also a relevant factor since during winter PCB loading was greater in sediment and anemone samples, coincident with the rainiest season. Disparity between sites could be due to LD's proximity to the wastewater plant, effect of littoral drift direction and/or asymmetries in anemones physiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, FCEyN UNMDP, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP, CONICET, 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Funes, Argentina.
| | - Melisa A Chierichetti
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP, CONICET, 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Funes, Argentina
| | - Fabian H Acuña
- Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, FCEyN UNMDP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP, CONICET, 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Funes, Argentina
- Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), Clayton, República de Panamá
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP, CONICET, 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Funes, Argentina
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Lu Y, Li D, Wang X, Cao J, Huang S, Zhou P. Assessment and Implication of PAHs and Compound-Specific δ13C Compositions in a Dated Marine Sediment Core from Daya Bay, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084527. [PMID: 35457395 PMCID: PMC9029777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PAHs in a sediment core covering ~120 years from Daya Bay in South China Sea were extracted using Soxhlet and high performance thin layer chromatography, and the compound-specific δ13C were analyzed using gas chromatography–combustion–isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. The concentrations of PAHs ranged from 99.3 to 676 ng g−1, with high molecular weight PAHs as a key component. PAHs’ compound-specific δ13C ranged from −35.02‰ to −16.14‰. The patterns of 16 PAHs, molecular ratios, and compound specific δ13C compositions indicate important pyrolytic and petrogenic sources: PAHs derived predominantly from pyrogenic sources (including coal and wood incomplete combustion) before the 1960s, while after the 1960s, they derived predominantly from mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic sources (including automotive exhaust emissions, oil spills, and coal and wood incomplete combustion). Our results can provide important insights into organic pollution emissions influenced by human activities and the urbanization of Daya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Dongmei Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, China; (D.L.); (S.H.)
- Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Sixth Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Xiaogan 432000, China;
| | - Jianping Cao
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Sheng Huang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, China; (D.L.); (S.H.)
- Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, China; (D.L.); (S.H.)
- Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Guangzhou 510300, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abstract
The Ganga basin includes some of the most densely populated areas in the world, in a region characterized by extremely high demographic and economic growth rates. Although anthropogenic pressure in this area is increasing, the pollution status of the Ganga is still poorly studied and understood. In the light of this, we have carried out a systematic literature review of the sources, levels and spatiotemporal distribution of organic pollutants in surface water and sediment of the Ganga basin, including for the first time emerging contaminants (ECs). We have identified 61 publications over the past thirty years, with data on a total of 271 organic compounds, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, and by-products, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). The most studied organic contaminants are pesticides, whereas knowledge of industrial compounds and PPCPs, among which some of the major ECs, is highly fragmentary. Most studies focus on the main channel of the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Gomti, and the deltaic region, while most of the Ganga's major tributaries, and the entire southern part of the catchment, have not been investigated. Hotspots of contamination coincide with major urban agglomerations, including Delhi, Kolkata, Kanpur, Varanasi, and Patna. Pesticides levels have decreased at most of the sites over recent decades, while potentially harmful concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds (OTCs), and some PPCPs have been detected in the last ten years. Considering the limited geographical coverage of sampling and number of analyzed compounds, this review highlights the need for a more careful selection of locations, compounds and environmental matrices, prioritizing PPCPs and catchment-scale, source-to-sink studies.
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10
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Zhou P, Li D, Li H, Ni Z, Zhao L, Hu H, Ma Q, Song Y. Distribution and potential provenance of trace elements in a 120-year dated sediment core from west Daya Bay, northeastern South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112032. [PMID: 33618140 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen trace elements were analyzed in a 120-year sediment core from Daya Bay. Burial flux history and potential provenance, the relationships among trace elements, and biogenic compositions were analyzed for determining the trend and extent of trace element accumulation and identifying corresponding anthropogenic effects. Additionally, the effects of anthropogenic activities on Daya Bay were reconstructed, and a baseline/background estimation was provided for Daya Bay. The burial fluxes of V, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb, Hg, Zn, Mo, Ag, As, Se, and Tl increased from 1960 to 2010, especially after the late 1980s. Our results are useful for understanding pollution and land-sea interactions along the coasts of the South China Sea, especially in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Haitao Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Huina Hu
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363105, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yumei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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11
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Hwang SM, Lee HU, Kim JB, Chung MS. Validation of analytical methods for organochlorine pesticide detection in shellfish and cephalopods by GC-MS/MS. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1053-1062. [PMID: 32670659 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study validated the analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in shellfish and cephalopods using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and monitored residual pesticide levels. The QuEChERS method was used to analyze OCPs and was validated by checking the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. Octopus minor and Venerupis philippinarum, were purchased from four cities in the South Korean peninsula. The LOD values were 0.10-0.80 ng/g in shellfish and 0.21-0.77 ng/g in cephalopods, while the LOQ values were 0.31-2.41 ng/g in shellfish and 0.63-2.33 ng/g in cephalopods. Accuracy ranged from 83.5 to 117.4% and 79.8 to 118.4%, and precision ranged from 0.3 to 27.5% and 1.2 to 27.9%, in shellfish and cephalopods, respectively, conforming to the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines. Although residual OCP levels were below detection limits, the QuEChERS method may be effective for analyzing the OCPs in shellfish and cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
| | - Haeng-Un Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Kim
- Korea Advanced Food Research Institute, 50 Botdeul-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do 16001 Korea
| | - Myung-Sub Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdae-ro, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Korea
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12
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Bawana K, Yanes QM, Rasheed M. Gas chromatography determination of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater and sediment in the Gulf of Aqaba. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The levels of persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were determined in seawater and marine sediments from different sites along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Concentrations of 7 PCBs, namely, PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180, were determined. An automated Soxhlet (Soxtec) extraction method was used for extraction with hexane–acetone as a solvent, and a pre-washed multilayer silica gel column was used for the clean-up step. Samples were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for confirmation. The method's limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be from 0.40 to 1.53 ng/L and from 0.39 to 0.91 ng/g dry weight for seawater and sediment, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs in seawater and sediment samples from all sites were below the LOD. This study provides evidence that very low concentrations of PCBs (<2 ng/g) were found in the water and sediments of the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. PCB concentrations measured in this study can be considered as a baseline for future monitoring and control of PCBs as requested by the Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon Bawana
- 1 Ben Hayyan -Aqaba International Laboratories Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Qussay Mustafa Yanes
- 1 Ben Hayyan -Aqaba International Laboratories Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Rasheed
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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13
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Wu L, Ru H, Ni Z, Zhang X, Xie H, Yao F, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhong L. Comparative thyroid disruption by o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in zebrafish embryos/larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105280. [PMID: 31518776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,1-Trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) cause thyroid disruption, but the underlying mechanisms of these disturbances in fish remain unclear. To explore the potential mechanisms of thyroid dysfunction caused by o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, thyroid hormone and gene expression levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured, and the developmental toxicity were recorded in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to o,p'-DDT (0, 0.28, 2.8, and 28 nM; or 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) and p,p'-DDE (0, 1.57, 15.7, and 157 nM; or 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) for 7 days. The genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis (crh, tshβ, tg, nis and tpo) and thyroid development (nkx2.1 and pax8) were up-regulated in both the o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE exposure groups. Zebrafish embryos/larvae exposed to o,p'-DDT showed significantly increased total whole-body T4 and T3 levels, with the expression of ugt1ab and dio3 being significantly down-regulated. However, the p,p'-DDE exposure groups showed significantly lowered whole-body total T4 and T3 levels, which were associated with up-regulation and down-regulation expression of the expression of dio2 and ugt1ab, respectively. Interestingly, the ratio of T3 to T4 was significantly decreased in the o,p'-DDT (28 nM) and p,p'-DDE (157 nM) exposure groups, suggesting an impairment of thyroid function. In addition, reduced survival rates and body lengths and increased malformation rates were recorded after treatment with either o,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE. In summary, our study indicates that the disruption of thyroid states was different in response to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE exposure in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyin Wu
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huaxiao Xie
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
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14
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Mitra S, Maisano M, Cappello T, Jadot C. First polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) monitoring in seawater, surface sediments and marine fish communities of the Persian Gulf: Distribution, levels, congener profile and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:78-88. [PMID: 31302405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that, due to their high toxicity, lipophilic property and widespread dispersal in the global environment, present a danger for human health and ecological systems. Although the inventory and use of PCBs are extensively reported worldwide, the status of PCBs in Iran is still unknown. In this study, the concentrations of PCBs were determined in the environmental matrices and in five commercially important fish species from Larak coral Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, in winter and summer 2015. A positive correlation was found among PCBs levels and congeners profiles in seawater (0.97-3.10 ng L-1), surface sediments (2.95-7.95 ng g-1dw) and fish samples (7.20-90.19 ng g-1dw), indicating fish as suitable bioindicator of environmental PCBs contamination. In all matrices, a high contribution of light and medium chlorinated congeners was detected in both seasons. In fish, the higher PCBs levels were found for both sexes in both seasons in liver and kidney than other tissues (skin, gonad, muscle) due to their high lipid content and PCBs lipophilicity. More importantly, the risks for human health associated with fish consumption were also evaluated, and it was found that all the toxicity indices measured for PCBs were within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of food consumption. However, it is highly recommended to inform the local population about potential risks attributable to dietary incorporation of locally caught fish, and establish a surveillance monitoring programme on PCBs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Zhou P, Li D, Zhao L, Li H, Ni Z, Zhao F, Yu H, Li X. A 120-year sedimentary record and its environmental implications, in a dated marine sediment core from Daya Bay in the northeastern South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:248-253. [PMID: 31590783 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a Daya Bay 120-year dated sediment core(1892-2010), analyses were conducted of grain-size, water content, TOC, TIC, TC, loss on ignition, TN, BSi and TP, to reconstruct the anthropogenic activity history. The entire core was divided into four periods. Multi-parametric measurements, their ratios and interrelations are seen to clearly reflect the development of agriculture, aquaculture, industry and social economy surrounding Daya Bay. The trends of TOC, TOM and BSi after 1990 may be due to mass input of nutritious matter from aquaculture and industry, whereas the trends of BSi, TOC and TOM between 1960 and 1990 were owing to aquaculture and agriculture. Two peaks of BSi, TOC and TOM in 1994 and 2002 imply that the mass input of cooling water from nuclear power plants may be a significant contributor to ecological environment changes. Finally, some proposals were put forward for the healthy and sustainable development of Daya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haitao Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hansheng Yu
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, PR China
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16
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Wang W, Bai J, Zhang G, Jia J, Wang X, Liu X, Cui B. Occurrence, sources and ecotoxicological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores from urban, rural and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:359-367. [PMID: 30476767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores were collected to a depth of 40 cm (50 cm for urban river sediments) in the Pearl River Delta of China from rural river sediments and river sediments undergoing the process of urbanization and reclamation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores were determined to evaluate their levels, distribution, possible sources and potential risks aimed at providing effective information of management practices for local governments. Our results showed that the total concentrations of PCBs (∑16PCBs) in urban, rural and reclamation-affected river sediments ranged from 16.15 to 477.85 μg kg-1 (dry weight), with mean values of 121.94, 150.49 and 124.20 μg kg-1 (dry weight), respectively. The most abundant PCB congeners among the study area were light PCBs. Generally, PCBs showed a decreasing trend with depth along sediment cores at most sampling sites. Source analysis indicated that PCBs in the three types of river sediments mainly originated from Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1016. Risks evaluation based on sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ) showed PCBs at most sampling sites would cause no or moderate adverse biological effects on benthic organisms except surface sediments of U4 and R5 (high adverse biological effects). However, threshold effects level (TEL) is ignored when calculating SQGQ, which might underestimate the risks of PCBs. Thus, a new SQGQ (NSQGQ) taken TEL into consideration was established. Results showed that NSQGQ could evaluate ecotoxicological risks of PCBs better. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that PCBs in sediments were positively correlated with sand content and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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17
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Lo HS, Wong CY, Tam NFY, Cheung SG. Spatial distribution and source identification of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) on sedimentary microplastic in Hong Kong. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:418-426. [PMID: 30551108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, composition and source of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) of the sedimentary microplastics (0.25-5 mm) in Hong Kong were investigated. The concentration of ΣPAHs ranged between 70.8 and 1509 ng g-1 with inter-site differences although the regional difference was insignificant, indicating localised pyrolytic and petrogenic input of PAHs. The concentration of ΣPCBs (13-1083 ng g-1) varied with both study sites and regions with higher concentrations obtained in the western waters, possibly due to the input from Pearl River. Significantly higher concentrations of OCPs on eastern shores highlighted fishing and aquaculture activities in South China Sea a potential major source of OCPs. DDT and its metabolites (DDX, ranged from 1.96 to 626 ng g-1) were the dominant forms of OCPs (45%-80%). Since most of the DDX existed as DDT, this suggested that there was a fresh input of DDT into the microplastics. As microplastics and HOCs cannot be removed effectively from the environment, reduction of potential ecotoxicological risks should rely on minimizing the use of plastics and HOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Shing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Siu-Gin Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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18
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Hanh PTM, Nghi DT, Lan TD, Van Quan N, Ba DT, Viet PH. The status and distribution of PCBs along the coast of Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:381-390. [PMID: 30094588 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), well-known as an important scientific achievement, are now considered as one of the most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that need to be strictly controlled and forbidden worldwide (the Stockholm convention on POPs). Vietnam is one of the countries that encounters with serious issues from PCB contamination. This study presented a comprehensive review on the status and contamination of PCBs along the coast of Vietnam. The contaminated PCBs data in the water, sediment and biological samples from 18 provinces along Vietnam coastline were collected from various sources. A comparison in PCBs contamination between Vietnam and other Asian countries was included. The status on PCBs contamination in Vietnam since participated as a party of the Stockholm convention on POPs in 2002 was also assessed. The results showed that Vietnam is facing serious PCBs contamination problems as it evidences the spread and accumulation of PCBs in the marine environment. The implementation of the Stockholm convention on POPs (PCBs in particular) has not yet demonstrated significant effect on the reduction in PCBs contamination in the environment. This information on PCBs contamination in Vietnam urges government to strengthen the mechanism, policy and legislation, the management capacity for PCBs as well as applying advanced and modern technologies in reducing, disposing and eliminating PCBs from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Minh Hanh
- Institute of Mechanics (IMECH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 264 Doi Can Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duong Thanh Nghi
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 246 Da Nang Street, Ngo Quyen District, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dinh Lan
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 246 Da Nang Street, Ngo Quyen District, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 246 Da Nang Street, Ngo Quyen District, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Dang The Ba
- University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Vietnam National University (VNU), 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam
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19
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Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Kawser Ahmed M, Saiful Islam M, Tokumura M, Masunaga S. Occurrence, distribution and possible sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface water from the Bay of Bengal coast of Bangladesh. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:450-458. [PMID: 30368138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Full profile of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the coastal surface water from Bangladesh were analyzed by GC-MS/MS to explore the status of contamination, spatiotemporal distribution and to trace their potential sources. The total concentrations of dissolved PCBs (∑PCBs, sum of all congeners) varied from 32.17 to 160.7 ng/L and 46.45-199.4 ng/L in winter and summer, respectively, and the ranges were comparable to or higher than those recorded in the surface water from the coastal areas of India, China, Japan, Italy, Belgium and USA. The difference in the levels of PCBs between the two seasons was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, spatial distribution revealed that the areas with recent urbanization and industrialization (Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Sundarbans) were more contaminated with PCBs than the unindustrialized area (Meghna Estuary). Lightly to moderately chlorinated (2-6 Cl) homologs dominated the PCB profiles. Our analyses (congener profile and homolog composition) elucidated that the past and on-going use of PCB-containing equipment (e.g. capacitors and transformers) as well as the anthropogenic activities such as urban developments, commercial and industrial establishments (e.g. ship breaking and port activities) might be the potential sources of PCB emission in Bangladesh. A set of congeners based on their detection frequencies and abundance were identified and categorized as potential environmental marker PCBs, which can be used for the future selective monitoring studies regarding reasonable limitations on full congener assessment. According to the existing national and international water quality guidelines/standards, PCB concentrations recorded in this study could potentially cause biological damage. Essentially, the findings of this first comprehensive report on the PCB contamination in the surface water in Bangladesh may provide a reference to future studies of these compounds in the Bay of Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Earth & Environmental Science Faculty, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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20
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Kaiser D, Schulz-Bull DE, Waniek JJ. Polycyclic and organochlorine hydrocarbons in sediments of the northern South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:668-676. [PMID: 30503482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the concentration distribution and composition of organic pollutants in sediments of the shelf and the deep northern South China Sea (NSCS). Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ15PAH; 10.69-66.45 ng g-1), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (Σ4DDT; 0-0.82 ng g-1), and polychlorinated biphenyls (Σ24PCB; 0-0.12 ng g-1) are below established sediment quality guidelines, suggesting no environmental risk. Surprisingly, concentrations increase from the shelf to the deep NSCS, and are higher in the east of the study area. The organic pollutant composition indicates PAH mainly derived from pyrogenic sources, and mostly degraded DDT and PCB. However, in the deep NSCS, considerable contribution of petrogenic PAH, low chlorinated PCB and p,p'-DDT suggest more recent input from different sources compared to the shelf. From these results we infer that organic pollution in the NSCS does not originate from the Pearl River Estuary but from the NE SCS, SW of Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaiser
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Joanna J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
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21
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Devi NL, Yadav IC, Chakraborty P, Shihua Q. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Soil from North-East India: Implication for Sources Apportionment and Health-Risk Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:377-389. [PMID: 29713743 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although India never manufactured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), evidence suggests the prevalence of PCBs in multi-environmental matrices. Despite the high level of PCBs that has been detailed in the major urban areas of India, little is known about the fate and sources of PCBs in Northeast India (NEI). This motivated us to investigate the contamination level and sources of PCBs in the surface soil. In this study, the environmental concentration and sources of 25 PCBs were investigated in surface soil (n = 60) from three states of NEI (lower Assam, Manipur, and Tripura). Additionally, the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and PCBs was studied to investigate the role of SOC in the distribution of PCBs. Overall, the concentration of ∑25PCBs ranged from 2950 to 16,700 pg/g dw (median 7080 pg/g dw), 3580-21,100 pg/g dw (median 11,500 pg/g dw), and 2040-11,000 pg/g dw (median 4270 pg/g dw) in Assam, Manipur, and Tripura, respectively. Low-chlorinated PCBs were more prevalent than highly chlorinated PCBs. PCB-49 was identified as the most abundant in soil, followed by PCB-52, and accounted for 13% and 12.9% of ∑25PCBs, respectively. With respect to land use categories, high ∑25PCBs were related to grassland areas and proximity to the roadside soil. The principal component analysis indicated emissions from technical PCB mixtures, combustion of municipal wastes/residential wood, incineration of hospital wastes, and e-waste recycling/disposal sites are the real sources of PCBs. Marginally, a moderate-to-weak correlation of SOC with ∑25PCBs (R2 = 0.144, p < 0.05) and their homologs (R2 = 0.280-0.365, p < 0.05) indicated the little role of SOC in the dispersion of PCBs. The estimated toxic equivalency of dioxin-like PCBs suggested that PCB-126 is the most toxic contaminant to endanger the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-geology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388, Lumo Road, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Qi Shihua
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-geology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388, Lumo Road, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang W, Zhao X, Zhang F, Fang Z, Ma H, Chen M, Qiu Y, Zheng M. Identification of the earlier human-induced sedimentation change in Daya Bay, northern South China Sea using 210Pb and 137Cs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:334-337. [PMID: 29421108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30years, the rapid development of the Chinese economy resulted in environmental problems, especially in coastal areas. To discern the effects of anthropogenic activities, 210Pb and 137Cs were examined in the sediment from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. The specific activity of 137Cs showed a clear maximum, corresponding to 1963. 210Pb specific activity varied from 25.1 to 78.5Bq kg-1. 210Pb distribution showed a hiatus at 18-19cm with 5-6cm of older sediment (>150years), indicating direct land-originating material over a short timescale rather than natural processes. This event was attributed to the human-induced redistribution of sediment during reclamation. Based on the 137Cs-labeled 1963 and 210Pb-chronologies, this event was confined to late 1977, earlier than the generally recognized significant anthropogenic activities. Thus, information archived in the sediment or in records prior to the 1970s would be better environmental background in Daya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiufeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yusheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minfang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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23
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Rani M, Shanker U, Jassal V. Recent strategies for removal and degradation of persistent & toxic organochlorine pesticides using nanoparticles: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 190:208-222. [PMID: 28056354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines (OCs) are the most hazardous class of pesticides, therefore, banned or restricted in several countries. The major sources of OCs include food industries, agriculture and sewage wastes. Their effluents discharged into the water bodies contain extremely high concentration of OCs which ultimately causes environmental concern. Because of their high persistence, toxicity and potential to bioaccumulation, their removal from wastewater is imperative. The degradation techniques are now advanced using nanomaterials of various kinds. During the last few years, nanoparticles such as TiO2 and Fe are found to be excellent adsorbents and efficient photocatalysts for degrading more or less whole OCs as well as their toxic metabolites, which opens the opportunities for exploring various other nanoparticles as well. It is noteworthy that such methodologies are economic, fast and very efficient. In this review, the detailed information on different types of OC pesticides, their metabolites, environmental concern and present status on degradation methods using nanoparticles have been reviewed. An attempt has also been made to highlight the research gaps prevailing in the current research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
| | - Vidhisha Jassal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
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24
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Han D, Currell MJ. Persistent organic pollutants in China's surface water systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:602-625. [PMID: 27986323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Following recent rapid industrialization, China is now one of the largest producers and consumers of organic chemicals in the world. This is compounded by variable regulatory oversight with respect to storage, use and waste management of these chemicals and their byproducts. This review synthesizes the data on the distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in waters in China. Surface water heavily polluted with POPs is distributed in the Yangtze River Estuary, Pearl River Delta, Minjiang River Estuary, Jiulongjiang Estuary, Daya Bay, Taihu Lake, and the waterways of Zhejiang Province, where concentrations of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) frequently exceed both international and Chinese guideline values. These areas are mainly distributed along the southeast coast of China, within or downstream of major manufacturing districts, intensive agricultural basins, and other industrial centers. A comparison of the levels of OCPs in the aquatic environment of China with other indicative regions worldwide shows comparable levels of pollution (overall range from below detection limit (BDL) to 5104.8ng/L and regional means from 2.9-929.6ng/L). PAHs and PCBs pollution appear to be particularly serious in China (PAHs overall ranging from BDL to 474,000ng/L with regional means from 15.1-72,400ng/L; PCBs from BDL to 3161ng/L with regional means ranging from 0.2-985.2ng/L). There is as yet limited evidence of serious perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) pollution. We discuss major sources and processes responsible for high POP occurrence using a range of measures (including diagnostic ratios of different compounds), regulatory oversight and policy gaps in the control of POPs in China, and potential long-term health and ecological effects. We argue that water quality guidelines, pollution control measures and cleanup strategies for POPs in China should be urgently improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Matthew J Currell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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25
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Qiu YW, Zeng EY, Qiu H, Yu K, Cai S. Bioconcentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in algae is an important contaminant route to higher trophic levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1885-1893. [PMID: 27939082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in water may be bioconcentrated in phytoplankton and further transferred into higher trophic levels. In the present study, seawater, sediment, phytoplankton and macroalgae (Ulva lactuca L.) samples were collected from two estuarine bays in South China and analyzed for 24 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentrations of PBDE congeners except BDE-209 were low in both phytoplankton and Ulva. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in phytoplankton and Ulva, accounting for 89.5% and 86.6% of the total average concentrations of PBDEs (48.5 and 4.1ngg-1dw), respectively. The average concentrations of DDTs, HCHs and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDMU) in phytoplankton were 398, 241 and 11.3ngg-1dw, respectively, while those of DDTs and HCHs in Ulva were 8.4 and 33.1ngg-1dw. The levels of both PBDEs and OCPs were an order of magnitude higher in phytoplankton than in Ulva, indicating that phytoplankton with larger surface areas have higher uptake efficiency for POPs than Ulva. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of DDT and PBDE in phytoplankton from the two bays were in the range of 105-106, suggesting that bioconcentration may be one of the key sources of POPs and algae can be an important route for POPs to move toward higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanlin Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shuqun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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26
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Ke Z, Tan Y, Huang L, Zhao C, Jiang X. Spatial distributions of δ 13C, δ 15N and C/N ratios in suspended particulate organic matter of a bay under serious anthropogenic influences: Daya Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:183-191. [PMID: 27590874 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) and C/N ratios of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) were investigated from the surface water of Daya Bay during summer and winter of 2015. The relatively high δ13CPOM values suggested the input of 13C-depleted terrigenous organic matter was low in Daya Bay. There were significant correlations between δ13CPOM values and chlorophyll a concentrations both during summer and winter, suggesting the δ13CPOM values were mainly controlled by the phytoplankton biomass in the surface water. The distribution of δ15NPOM values was more complicated than that of δ13CPOM and displayed low values in the outer bay and the Dan'ao River estuary. 15N-depleted ammonia originating from industrial wastewater might have strongly influenced the water quality and stable isotopic signatures of POM near the Dan'ao River estuary. The δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM values strongly reflect the influences of anthropogenic activity and eutrophication in Daya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, West Xin'gang Road 164(#), Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
| | - Liangmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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27
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Li H, Ye S, Ye J, Fan J, Gao M, Guo H. Baseline survey of sediments and marine organisms in Liaohe Estuary: Heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:555-563. [PMID: 27726933 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A geographically extensive investigation was carried out to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals, PCBs and OCPs in the sediments and marine organisms collected from the Liaohe Estuary. In order to determine the spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals, the surface sediments were collected from 44 sites in the Liaohe Estuary. The results showed that the heavy metal contents in the sediments were observed in the following order: Cr (11.2-84.8mg/kg)>Cu (1.7-47.9mg/kg)>Pb (4.3-28.3mg/kg)>As (1.61-12.77mg/kg)>Cd (0.06-0.47mg/kg)>Hg (0.005-0.113mg/kg). In comparison with the concentrations of heavy metals and POPs in other regions, the concentrations of As, Pb and DDTs in the Liaohe Estuary were generally low, and other pollutant concentrations were inconsistent with those reported in other regions. The contamination factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index were used to analyze the pollution situation, which showed that the heavy metal pollution in Liaohe Estuary is mainly dominated by Cd and Hg. The concentrations of the four heavy metals varied significantly in the three kinds of tested organisms (fish, mollusk and crustacean), indicating the different accumulative abilities of the species. The results obtained in this study provide useful information background information for further ecology investigation and management in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Li
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinqing Ye
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingfeng Fan
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Meiling Gao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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28
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Tombesi N, Pozo K, Álvarez M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J. Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and soils from the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (South eastern part of the GRULAC region). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1470-1476. [PMID: 27780594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PCBs and PBDEs (7 and 10 congeners, respectively) were analyzed in four coastal surface sediments collected from the northern shore of Bahía Blanca estuary and in nine soils from different locations of Bahía Blanca city and the surrounding region (Southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Sediment samples showed PCBs(Σ7) concentrations ranged from 0.61 to 17.6ngg-1 (dry weight=dw) and PBDEs(Σ10) from 0.16 to 2.02ngg-1 dw, whereas in soil samples ranged from 0.04 to 1.67ngg-1 dw for PCBs(Σ7) and 0.04 to 10.7ngg-1 dw for PBDEs(Σ10). The highest concentrations of both chemicals were detected in the urban and industrial/port areas showing a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCB congeners: in sediments for PCB-180 (56±33%) and PCB-153 (11±6%); and in soils for PCB-138 (23±3%), PCB-153 (22±2%) and PCB-180 (18±7%). In contrast, lower chlorinated PCB congeners were predominant at more distant sites; in sediments for congeners PCB-28 (33±4%) and PCB-52 (14.5±0.2%); and in soils PCB-28 (56±14%) and PCB-52 (33±19%). PBDE-209 (high brominated PBDE) showed the highest relative abundance in both sample types i.e., sediment (94±7%) and soil (80±12%). These findings can be considered lower or similar when compared with other sites of the world, and are likely associated with anthropogenic activities in their surrounding area, which has experienced a fast industrial growth in the last decade. This is the first investigation of PBDEs levels in the whole study area and of PCBs in soils from the Bahía Blanca city and surrounding region. This article provides new and useful information on POP levels in the South eastern part of the GRULAC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Tombesi
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mónica Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Zhao G, Ye S, Yuan H, Ding X, Wang J. Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Daya Bay and adjacent shelf, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:420-426. [PMID: 27491366 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) concentrations from the Daya Bay and adjacent shelf were determined to evaluate their levels and spatial distributions. The measured concentrations ranged from 1.94-13.67mg/kg for As, 0.03-0.13mg/kg for Cd, 10-85mg/kg for Cr, 1-39.5mg/kg for Cu, 0.01-0.09mg/kg for Hg, 11-56mg/kg for Pb, and 13-125mg/kg for Zn. The spatial distributions exhibited a gradual decrease from west to east, and the concentrations of the seven heavy metals met the China Marine Sediment Quality criteria. Both metal enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values showed that Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn were not at pollution levels in the region. Multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed that lithogenic factors dominated the distribution of most of the metals, whereas As and Hg were clearly influenced by anthropogenic input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhao
- College of Marine Geo-science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Siyuan Ye
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Hongming Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xigui Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Zhu C, Fang G, Dionysiou DD, Liu C, Gao J, Qin W, Zhou D. Efficient transformation of DDTs with Persulfate Activation by Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Mechanistic Study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:232-241. [PMID: 27236432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulfate (PS) activation by nano-Fe(0) was used to degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and the mechanism of this process was elucidated with EPR, GC-MS and free-radical quenching studies. It was found that DDT was degraded efficiently in PS/nano-Fe(0), and GC-MS analysis showed that benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, dichlorobenzophenone and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane were the dominant products of DDT degradation, while only dechlorination products (DDD and DDE) were observed in nano-Fe(0) without persulfate. EPR results showed that persulfate activation by nano-Fe(0) led to the production of more sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals, which accounted for DDT degradation. But the free radical quenching studies suggested that the addition of ethanol to PS/nano-Fe(0) favored the reductive dechlorination of DDT, which was ascribed that the formed ethanol radical (CH(CH3)OH) enhanced the reductive dechlorination of DDT. Furthermore, the nano-Fe(0) loading not only affected the degradation efficiency of DDT, but also influenced the intermediate product distribution of DDT degradation in the PS/nano-Fe(0) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Han GM, Hong SH, Shim WJ, Ra KT, Kim KT, Ha SY, Jang M, Kim GB. Assessment of Persistent Organic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Busan Coast: Application of Sediment Quality Index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4217/opr.2016.38.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kucuksezgin F, Pazi I, Gonul LT, Duman M. Organochlorine compounds in surface sediments from the northern coast of Cyprus, Eastern Mediterranean: Levels, possible sources and potential risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:591-596. [PMID: 27234367 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines (OCs) were determined in sediments collected from different regions of northern coast of Cyprus. The OCPs and Aroclors had a wide range from 2.78 to 306 and 15 to 325ngg(-1), respectively. The highest level was found at Yedi Dalga site. DDE was the most abundant compound. The ratios of metabolites to parent DDT showed that DDTs were derived mostly from the aged and weathered inputs. Comparing our results with the previous studies showed that POPs in sediments were found to be lower than those in samples for Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. The SQG implied that, Aroclor1254 exceeded the TEL values, showing that adverse biological effects are expected occasionally at some of the sediment samples. DDTs were dominant and more ecotoxicological concern in the northern Cyprus. Altogether, it may be summarized that DDTs will impose ecologically hazardous impacts in the sedimentary environment at the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kucuksezgin
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - I Pazi
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - L T Gonul
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Duman
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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Wafo E, Abou L, Nicolay A, Boissery P, Perez T, Ngono Abondo R, Garnier C, Chacha M, Portugal H. A chronicle of the changes undergone by a maritime territory, the Bay of Toulon (Var Coast, France), and their consequences on PCB contamination. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1230. [PMID: 27536514 PMCID: PMC4970988 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 39 surface sediment samples and four cores collected in Toulon Bay, a semiclosed area submitted to various anthropogenic inputs. The concentration of PCBs in the superficial sediment samples ranged from 1.7 to 2530 ng g−1 dry weight. The spatial distribution of these compounds suggested that the high concentrations of these contaminants are located in the small bay and are related to human activities. In the larger bay, the concentrations were in the same order of magnitude than those reported in others locations around the world. Comparison of the levels with target values from the French legislation shows that, except for four polluted sites with critical values (N2: values ≥1 mg kg−1 dry weight) in the smaller bay, PCBs levels throughout the larger and the smaller bay are lower than the accepted values (N1: values <0.5 mg kg−1 dry weight). The PCBs in the sediment cores ranged from 0.8 to 739 ng g−1 dry weight dependent core. Vertical profiles indicated earlier usage of PCBs which coincided with the history of the Toulon Bay. In this study, using alkane, we could follow the PCBs pollution history over about 80 years and estimate a sedimentation rate of about 0.32 cm year in the small Bay of Toulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Wafo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, IMBE UMR 7263 CNRS, 237IRD/l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU- NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France ; IMBE UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Aix-Marseille-Université, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Lydia Abou
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Nicolay
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, 62, La Canebière, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Perez
- IMBE UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Aix-Marseille-Université, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Rose Ngono Abondo
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Législation Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Laboratoire PROTEE, Université du Sud de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Mama Chacha
- FEAS, Alhosn University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Henri Portugal
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
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Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Wastewater from Asaluyeh Port (Persian Gulf). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Di S, Huang L, Diao J, Zhou Z. Selective bioaccumulation and elimination of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6990-6998. [PMID: 26725886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Tubifex tubifex worms were exposed to sediment-associated hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers to study the bioaccumulation and elimination behaviors of HCH isomers in T. tubifex. During a 10-day bioaccumulation experiment, bioaccumulation curves of HCHs were approximate to M-type in T. tubifex. The enantioselective behaviors of α-HCH enantiomers were observed in T. tubifex, with concentrations of (+)-α-HCH higher than that of (-)-α-HCH. The concentration of γ-HCH in T. tubifex was higher than that of β-HCH and α-HCH. The existence of worms can accelerate the dissipation of HCHs in sediment, and the dissipation half-lives of α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH were 8.39, 23.90, and 3.10 days, respectively. In the elimination experiment, approximately 0.053 (37.1%), 0.074 (45.9%), and 0.042 mg/kgwwt (38.4%) α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH were depleted or excreted in T. tubifex on the first day, respectively. The body residues in T. tubifex were 0.084 (α-HCH), 0.082 (β-HCH), and 0.061 mg/kgwwt (γ-HCH) at the end of elimination experiment. Furthermore, the existence of T. tubifex could affect the overlying water quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ledan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Bentum JK, Dodoo DK, Kwakye PK, Essumang DK, Adjei GA. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Tropical Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2016.64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in wetland soils under different land uses along a 100-year chronosequence of reclamation in a Chinese estuary. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17624. [PMID: 26633149 PMCID: PMC4668565 DOI: 10.1038/srep17624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil profiles were collected at a depth of 30 cm in ditch wetlands (DWs), riverine wetlands (RiWs) and reclaimed wetlands (ReWs) along a 100-year chronosequence of reclamation in the Pearl River Delta. In total, 16 OCPs were measured to investigate the effects of wetland reclamation and reclamation history on OCP levels. Our results showed that average ∑DDTs, HCB, MXC, and ∑OCPs were higher in surface soils of DWs compared to RiWs and ReWs. Both D30 and D20 soils contained the highest ∑OCP levels, followed by D40 and D100 soils; lower ∑OCP levels occurred in D10 soils. Higher ∑OCP levels were observed in the younger RiWs than in the older ones, and surface soils exhibited higher ∑OCP concentrations in the older ReWs compared with younger ReWs. The predominant percentages of γ-HCH in ∑HCHs (>42%) and aldrin in ∑DRINs (>46%) in most samples reflected the recent use of lindane and aldrin. The presence of dominant DDT isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD) indicated the historical input of DDT and significant aerobic degradation of the compound. Generally, DW soils had a higher ecotoxicological risk of OCPs than RiW and ReW soils, and the top 30 cm soils had higher ecotoxicological risks of HCHs than of DDTs.
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Ali N, Ali LN, Eqani SAMAS, Ismail IMI, Malarvannan G, Kadi MW, Al-Badry Basahi JM, Covaci A. Organohalogenated contaminants in sediments and bivalves from the Northern Arabian Gulf. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:432-439. [PMID: 26386334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several classes of Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) were determined in sediments and bivalves collected from Kuwait coast. The levels and profile of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were compared in both sediments and bivalves. PCB-153 and -138 were the major contributors towards total OHCs followed by DDT and its metabolites (DDTs). The higher contribution of DDTs (~40%) and BDE-47 (~15%) in bivalves as compared to that in associated sediments indicated high biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF). Higher BSAF (values for heavier PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs) also indicated their high accumulation potential from sediment into associated biota at most of the studied locations. Overall, OHCs in sediments and bivalves measured in current study were lower than those reported in the literature worldwide. Most of the sediment concentrations of OHCs (ng/g, dry weight) were in the range of permissible guideline values proposed by Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQGs), with few exceptions for DDTs (5 ng/g) and PCBs (22.7 ng/g). Similarly, 10% of bivalve samples contained high levels (ng/g, lipid weight) of PCBs (300) and DDTs (150) and were above the set safety benchmarks. This study establishes baseline for future monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwa Naseer Ali
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad W Kadi
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Mohammed Al-Badry Basahi
- Department of Water Resources Sciences and Management Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Ali U, Syed JH, Mahmood A, Li J, Zhang G, Jones KC, Malik RN. Influential role of black carbon in the soil-air partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:172-180. [PMID: 25933089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in surface soils and passive air samples from the Indus River Basin, and the influential role of black carbon (BC) in the soil-air partitioning process was examined. ∑26-PCBs ranged between 0.002-3.03 pg m(-3) and 0.26-1.89 ng g(-1) for passive air and soil samples, respectively. Lower chlorinated (tri- and tetra-) PCBs were abundant in both air (83.9%) and soil (92.1%) samples. Soil-air partitioning of PCBs was investigated through octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA) and black carbon-air partition coefficients (KBC-A). The results of the paired-t test revealed that both models showed statistically significant agreement between measured and predicted model values for the PCB congeners. Ratios of fBCKBC-AδOCT/fOMKOA>5 explicitly suggested the influential role of black carbon in the retention and soil-air partitioning of PCBs. Lower chlorinated PCBs were strongly adsorbed and retained by black carbon during soil-air partitioning because of their dominance at the sampling sites and planarity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, PO: 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Wu Q, Leung JYS, Yuan X, Huang X, Li H, Huang Z, Li Y. Biological risk, source and pollution history of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediment in Nansha mangrove, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 96:57-64. [PMID: 26021291 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been extensively used, especially in South China, to promote crop yield. In view of their toxicity, persistence and bioavailability, however, the Chinese government has attempted to regulate their production and use. We aimed to examine the biological risk, source and pollution history of OCPs in the sediment in Nansha mangrove which is located in the industrial region in South China. Results showed that HCHs and DDTs, mainly originating from lindane and technical DDT respectively, were the dominant OCPs, but their concentrations were too low to cause adverse effects on biota. In the last decade, the total concentration of HCHs showed a decreasing trend, whereas DDTs remained stable, despite their limited input. This suggests that management of HCHs was effective, while more management efforts should be put on DDTs, especially the use of dicofol and technical DDT, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Xin Yuan
- Impact Environmental Consulting, Inc., 170 Keyland Ct., Bohemia, NY 11716, United States
| | - Xuexia Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuying Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhou P, Li D, Li H, Fang H, Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhou J, Wang H, Yang J. Distribution of radionuclides in a marine sediment core off the waterspout of the nuclear power plants in Daya Bay, northeastern South China Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 145:102-112. [PMID: 25912795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A sediment core was collected and dated using (210)Pbex dating method off the waterspout of nuclear power base of Daya Bay, northeastern South China Sea. The γ-emitting radionuclides were analyzed using HPGe γ spectrometry, gross alpha and beta radioactivity as well as other geochemical indicators were deliberated to assess the impact of nuclear power plants (NPP) operation and to study the past environment changes. It suggested that NPP provided no new radioactivity source to sediment based on the low specific activity of (137)Cs. Two broad peaks of TOC, TC and LOI accorded well with the commercial operations of Daya Bay NPP (1994.2 and 1994.5) and LNPP Phase I (2002.5 and 2003.3), implying that the mass input of cooling water from NPP may result into a substantial change in the ecological environment and Daya Bay has been severely impacted by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Haitao Li
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hongda Fang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Chuguang Huang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Hongbiao Zhang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China; South China Sea Testing and Appraisal Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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Lai Z, Li X, Li H, Zhao L, Zeng Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Liu Q. Residual Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments of the Pearl River Delta, South China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:37-44. [PMID: 26017623 PMCID: PMC4457915 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed residual PCBs in surface sediments at 19 sites in the Pearl River Delta in the wet and dry seasons. Seven indicative PCB congeners (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB153, PCB138 and PCB180) were detected in the surface sediments, among which the detection rate and mass concentrations of PCB52 were the highest. Total concentrations of the seven PCBs ranged from 19.8 to 111 μg/kg, with an average of 48.2 μg/kg. For the spatial distribution, the sum of the seven PCB (∑PCB) concentrations for the stations that were located in the city region of the Pearl River Delta were significantly higher than the ∑PCB concentrations for the eight outlets of the Pearl River Delta (p < 0.05). According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ERL and ERM guideline concentrations, the PCB concentrations may occasionally lead to adverse effects, especially in the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zini Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fishery Ecoenvironment Monitor and Evaluation Function Laboratory of Pearl River Valley, Guangzhou, 510380, China,
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Mohebbi-Nozar SL, Zakaria MP, Ismail WR, Mortazawi MS, Salimizadeh M, Momeni M, Akbarzadeh G. Total petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from the coastline and mangroves of the northern Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:407-411. [PMID: 25843439 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To provide baseline information for the marine ecosystem of Hormozgan province, the distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated in 52 stations involved in the mangrove and coastline ecosystem. Coastline sampling sites included areas facing harbor, river, domestic and industrial discharge. Sediment samples were analyzed based on ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy. Petroleum hydrocarbons showed narrow variations ranging from non-detectable (ND) to 1.71 and from 0.2 to 0.63μg/g dry weight for coastline and mangrove sediments, respectively. The detected concentrations for total petroleum hydrocarbons were lower than guideline values for ecological risk. Furthermore, the minimum environmental risk was confirmed by background levels for the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and detected values for reference areas. The results were regarded as background data in the studied area, and, considering the rapid expansion of activities related to the petroleum industry in Hormozgan province, the continuous monitoring of pollutants is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ruslan Ismail
- HydroGeomorphology Research Group, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Momeni
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan,Iran
| | - Gholamali Akbarzadeh
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan,Iran
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Lv J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhou C, Guo C, Luo Y, Meng W, Zou G, Xu J. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of Liaohe River: levels, spatial and temporal distribution, possible sources, and inventory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4256-4264. [PMID: 25292305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and seasonal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediment of Liaohe River were investigated in this study. A total of 29 surface sediment samples were collected in May and September in 2013. Results showed that levels of the two classes of compounds were higher in September than in May. The total concentration of PBDEs (∑8PBDEs) ranged from 0.30 to 5.09 ng g(-1) in May and from 0.17 to 13.73 ng g(-1) in September, respectively, and BDE 209 was the dominant compound. The total concentration of PCBs (∑33PCBs) was in the range of 4.92-76.86 and 11.69-179.61 ng g(-1) in May and September, respectively, with tri- and tetra-CBs dominated in the total PCBs in the sediments. According to the congener profiles and the principal component analysis, the major sources of PCBs and PBDEs in sediments of Liaohe River were from the usage of commercial products and industrial activities, and the degradation of high brominated BDEs also contributed to the current PBDEs in the sediments. The mass inventories of PBDEs and PCBs in the sediments of Liaohe River were 1.74 and 21.96 t, respectively, indicating that Liaohe River sediments may act as the potential sources of PBDEs and PCBs to the downstream coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Peng L, Dai X, Yu A. Assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of legacy persistent organic pollutants and recommendations for sample collection from the surficial sediments of estuaries and seas in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119 Suppl:S138-S144. [PMID: 24792764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid economic development in China, environmental pollution has become a major concern, particularly pollution by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Thus, these pollutants must be monitored over the long term. In this study, we analyze the distribution levels and sources of POPs in the surficial sediments of Chinese estuaries and seas. Results showed that POPs in sediments significantly distribute spatially and temporally. Furthermore, POPs not only concentrate in densely populated cities, bays, and industrial areas, but also follow the natural distribution of and temporal changes in local industrial structures. Hence, we recommend sampling sites and frequencies to monitor POPs in China over the long term and to defer their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Peng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xuhong Dai
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ang Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
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Jin MQ, Zhou SS, Liu WP, Zhang D, Lu XT. Residues and potential health risks of DDTs and HCHs in commercial seafoods from two coastal cities near Yangtze River Estuary. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:163-174. [PMID: 25602149 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.982387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five species of commercial seafoods collected from the local markets in two coastal cities near Yangtze River Estuary (Ningbo and Zhoushan) in 2010 were analyzed to study the residues, potential sources, and health risks of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in these areas. The total levels of DDTs and HCHs in the samples ranged from 1.13-20.2 ng g(-1) and 1.23-3.05 ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively, and were at a middle level compared with those from other marine systems. Results from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated species-specific distributions of DDTs and HCHs in the seafoods of the studied area, which may be related to their different lipid contents and ecological characteristics. Compositional analysis suggested that historical usage dominates in this area, and fresh inputs of lindane and dicofol may also have part contributions. With respect to DDTs, it can be metabolized into both DDD and DDE simultaneously in seafoods tested. Assessment based on maximum residue levels, acceptable or tolerable daily intakes, and hazard ratios for non-carcinogens suggested no obvious adverse health effects, while the lifetime cancer risks may be increased from dietary exposure to DDTs and HCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Q Jin
- a College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering , Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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Zhang R, Zhang F, Zhang T, Yan H, Shao W, Zhou L, Tong H. Historical sediment record and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from tidal flats of Haizhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:487-493. [PMID: 25256297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variations and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment of tidal flat from Haizhou Bay, China were investigated. PCBs concentrations in surface sediments ranged from 1.33 to 6.27ngg(-1) dry weight. Low-chlorinated PCBs, dominated by the tri-PCB homologs, were identified as the prevalent contaminate of surface sediments. These results were in agreement with the fact that tri-PCB homologs are the dominant contaminants in China. In surface sediment, the highest level appeared in the estuary, and it decreased with distance from the Linhong River estuary. PCBs concentrations started to rise from the mid-1950s, and reached a maximum in 2005. PCBs in sediment might originate from surface runoff and discharges of local source as well as slight atmospheric deposition, based on PCA. Additionally, the PCBs levels in the sediments were considered to rarely pose hazard to the aquatic and human health, based on Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongqiang Yan
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hebing Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu Y, Li Y, Shen Z, Yang Z, Mo L, Kong Y, Lou I. Occurrence and possible sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) along the Chao River, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:136-143. [PMID: 25113194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the possible influence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on Miyun Reservoir, 14 soil samples and 1 water sample were collected along the Chao River, which is the main upstream source of the reservoir. A total of 24 kinds of OCPs and 12 kinds of dioxin-like PCBs were measured. Results showed that the ∑OCPs concentration ranged from 0.8145 to 16.8524 ng g(-1), and the ∑PCBs ranged from 0.0039 to 0.0365 ng g(-1). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were the three dominant kinds of OCPs in this region, and the majority component of the PCBs was PCB-118 in both water and soil samples. The OCP ratios suggest that new inputs of lindane exist. DDTs mainly come from old technical inputs. HCHs might come from a new application of lindane, which highlights the importance of prohibited pesticide control. OCP concentrations were higher in corn fields and orchards and lower in forest lands and grasslands, which indicated that OCPs were very much influenced by human activities. The proportion of PCB components in this study area suggested that they mainly came from atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Mo
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yanhong Kong
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Inchio Lou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Zhou JL, Siddiqui E, Ngo HH, Guo W. Estimation of uncertainty in the sampling and analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil in Brighton, UK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 497-498:163-171. [PMID: 25128886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of environmental samples is increasingly recognised, yet rarely examined in organic contamination investigations. In this study soil samples from an ex-landfill site in Brighton, UK were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination by using a balanced sampling protocol. The analytical technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was found to be fit for purpose by the use of duplicate samples and the statistical analysis of variances, as well as of certified reference materials. The sampling uncertainty was found to significantly overweigh the analytical uncertainty, by a factor of 3 and 6 for PCBs and PAHs, respectively. The soil samples showed a general trend of PCB concentration that was under the recommended target level of 20 ng/g dry weight. It is possible that one site alongside the main road may exceed the 20 ng/g target level, after taking into consideration the overall measurement uncertainty (70.8%). The PAH contamination was more severe, with seven sites potentially exceeding the effect-range medium concentrations. The soil samples with relatively high PCB and PAH concentrations were all taken from the grass verge, which also had the highest soil organic carbon content. The measurement uncertainty which was largely due to sampling can be reduced by sampling at a high resolution spacing of 17 m, which is recommended in future field investigations of soil organic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Ertan Siddiqui
- Department of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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