1
|
Gupta I, Adin SN, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. β-Carotene-production methods, biosynthesis from Phaffia rhodozyma, factors affecting its production during fermentation, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2517-2529. [PMID: 35048411 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene is the most treasured provitamin A carotenoid molecule exhibiting antioxidant and coloring properties and significant applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. β-Carotene has many biological functions within the human body; however, it is not synthesized within the human body, so its requirements are fulfilled through food and pharmaceuticals. Its manufacturing via chemical synthesis or extraction from plants offers low yields with excessive manufacturing expenses, which attracted the researchers toward microbial production of β-carotene. This alternative provides higher yield and low expenses and thus is more economical. Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that is utilized to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer and to enhance immunity and antiaging in people. This paper reviews the methods of production of β-carotene, biosynthesis of β-carotene fromP. rhodozyma, factors affecting β-carotene production during fermentation, and pharmacological properties of β-carotene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carotenoid extraction and analysis from blood plasma/serum. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:423-457. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Li J, Wang C, Chang C, Jiao H, Su Y, Gu L, Yang Y, Yu H. Changes in stability and in vitro digestion of egg-protein stabilized emulsions and β-carotene gels in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5591-5598. [PMID: 33709411 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg proteins are effective emulsifiers and gelators in food systems. However, the physicochemical stability and control release properties of egg-protein stabilized emulsions and gels need to be further improved. The potential of sodium tripolyphosphate (St) to improve the functionality of egg proteins was evaluated. RESULTS The emulsions with St had smaller particle sizes and higher zeta potential, leading to better physical stability. Furthermore, the oxidation stability increased with increasing St contents, possibly due to its metal chelating capacity and the improved emulsifying activity of whole-egg dispersions. Phosphate had a positive impact on the chemical stability of β-carotene in whole-egg liquids and gels, decreasing the degradation during thermal treatment. The gel made with St was firm and broke down slowly, leading to a low rate of digestion and β-carotene release in simulated gastric fluid. CONCLUSION This study shows that St is useful to improve the egg proteins stabilized emulsions and gels, which is applicable in the development of emulsion-based food grade gel products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Han Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geöcze KC, Barbosa LC, Lima CF, Ferruzzi MG, Fidêncio PH, Sant’ana HM, Silvério FO. Caryocar brasiliense Camb. fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado as a rich source of carotenoids with pro-vitamin A activity. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Jiménez-Escobar M, Pascual-Pineda L, Vernon-Carter E, Beristain C. Enhanced β-carotene encapsulation and protection in self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal structures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Gonçalves EM, Abreu M, Pinheiro J, Brandão TRS, Silva CLM. Quality changes of carrots under different frozen storage conditions: A kinetic study. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M. Gonçalves
- UTI Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação INIAVInstituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Oeiras Portugal
- GeoBiotec – Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e GeotecnologiasFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica Portugal
| | - Marta Abreu
- UTI Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação INIAVInstituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Oeiras Portugal
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Joaquina Pinheiro
- UTI Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação INIAVInstituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Oeiras Portugal
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Peniche Portugal
| | - Teresa R. S. Brandão
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto Portugal
| | - Cristina L. M. Silva
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hejri A, Khosravi A, Gharanjig K, Davarani MM. Effect of edible antioxidants on chemical stability of ß-carotene loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Pigments in an iridescent bacterium, Cellulophaga fucicola, isolated from Antarctica. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:479-490. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Pham-Hoang BN, Romero-Guido C, Phan-Thi H, Waché Y. Strategies to improve carotene entry into cells of Yarrowia lipolytica in a goal of encapsulation. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
10
|
Witayaudom P, Klinkesorn U. Effect of surfactant concentration and solidification temperature on the characteristics and stability of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernel fat. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:1082-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Martínez-Valdivieso D, Font R, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Merinas-Amo T, Gómez P, Alonso-Moraga Á, Del Río-Celestino M. Role of Zucchini and Its Distinctive Components in the Modulation of Degenerative Processes: Genotoxicity, Anti-Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Effects. Nutrients 2017; 9:E755. [PMID: 28708122 PMCID: PMC5537869 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) is a seasonal vegetable with high nutritional and medical values. Many useful properties of this fruit are attributed to bioactive compounds. Zucchini fruits ("Yellow" and "Light Green" varieties) and four distinctive components (lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and dehydroascorbic acid) were selected. Firstly, the lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and dehydroascorbic acid contents were determined in these fruits. Then, in order to evaluate the safety and suitability of their use, different assays were carried out: (i) genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity tests to determine the safety and DNA-protection against hydrogen peroxide; (ii) cytotoxicity; and (iii) DNA fragmentation and Annexin V/PI (Propidium Iodide) assays to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect. Results showed that: (i) all the substances were non-genotoxic; (ii) all the substances were anti-genotoxic except the highest concentration of lutein; (iii) "Yellow" zucchini epicarp and mesocarp exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively); and (iv) "Light Green" zucchini skin induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, β-carotene being the possible molecule responsible for its pro-apoptotic activity. To sum up, zucchini fruit could play a positive role in human health and nutrition due to this fruit and its components were safe, able to inhibit significantly the H₂O₂-induced damage and exhibit anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities toward HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells) tumor cells. The information generated from this research should be considered when selecting potential accessions for breeding program purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Martínez-Valdivieso
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Food and Health, IFAPA Center La Mojonera Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Celestino
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng C, Svirskis D, Lee SJ, Oey I, Kwak HS, Chen G, Bunt C, Wen J. Design of microemulsion system suitable for the oral delivery of poorly aqueous soluble beta-carotene. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:682-688. [PMID: 28125945 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1287729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Beta-carotene is a potent antioxidant for maintaining human health. However, its oral absorption is low due to poor aqueous solubility of less than 1 μg/ml. A microemulsion delivery system was designed to solubilize beta-carotene toward enhancing its oral bioavailability. From seven pseudoternary diagrams constructed, three systems were selected with large microemulsion areas suitable for oral administration and dilution in the predominately aqueous gastrointestinal fluids. Conductivity and rheology characterization were conducted along four dilution lines within the selected systems. Three pseudoternary-phase diagrams were selected with large microemulsion regions, >60% of the total phase diagram area, which provide microemulsions with higher drug-loading capacity. A phenomenon was observed by which both propylene glycol and Capmul MCM EP stabilize the microstructure of the microemulsions has been proposed based on the characterization studies. An optimal bicontinuous microemulsion formulation was selected comprising 12% orange oil, 24% Capmul MCM, 18% Tween 20, 6% Labrasol, 20% propylene glycol and 20% water, with a high beta-carotene loading capacity of 140.8 μg/ml and droplet size of 117.4 nm. In conclusion, the developed novel microemulsion formulation allows solubilizing beta-carotene and is a promising basis for further development as a functional beverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Sung Je Lee
- b Department of Agricultural Sciences , Lincoln University , Lincoln , New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- c Institute of Food , Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Hae-Soo Kwak
- d Department of Food Science , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Guanyu Chen
- a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Craig Bunt
- e Department of Food Science and Technology , Sejong University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Flores P, Sánchez E, Fenoll J, Hellín P. Genotypic variability of carotenoids in traditional tomato cultivars. Food Res Int 2016; 100:510-516. [PMID: 28964375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional varieties constitute a wide source of genetic variation that can be used per se or to obtain new cultivars with high consumer appeal and nutritional value. This work focuses on the carotenoid and chlorophyll profiles and contents of 53 traditional tomato cultivars, paying particular attention to compounds with recognized health-promoting properties. The study includes fruits with different shapes (oblate, slightly flattened, rounded, heart-shaped, long oblong and pyriform), colors (yellow, pink and red) and sizes (very small to very large). In addition, black colored tomato fruits with yellow, pink or red background color were studied. The highest concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, phytoene and phytofluene were found in pink and red tomatoes, while the highest concentrations of lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and chlorophylls were found in fruits with a dark coloration, regardless of their background coloration. Finally, the highest concentrations of the studied compounds as a whole (except β-carotene) were found in red- and pink-black varieties. Findings will hopefully contribute to recovering many tomato traditional varieties for use, directly in the field or as donor parents for breeding programs, to increase the nutraceutical properties of commercial varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Flores
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fenoll
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao X, Miller LL, Bernstein R, Hochrein JM. Thermal degradation of β-carotene studied by ion mobility atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry: full product pattern and selective ionization enhancement. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:309-314. [PMID: 27041662 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry has the capability of capturing full product patterns simultaneously including both volatile and semi-volatile compounds produced at elevated temperatures. Real-time low-energy collision-induced fragmentation combined with ion mobility separations enables rapid identification of the chemical structures of products. We present here for the first time the recognition of full product patterns resulting from the thermal degradation of β-carotene at temperatures up to 600 °C. Solvent vapor-induced ionization enhancement is observed, which reveals parallel thermal dissociation processes that lead to even- and odd-numbered mass products. The drift-time distributions of high mass products, along with β-carotene, were monitored with temperature, showing multiple conformations that are associated with the presence of two β-rings. Products of masses 346/347, however, show a single conformation distribution, which indicates the separation of two β-rings resulting from the direct bond scission at the polyene hydrocarbon chain. The thermal degradation pathways are evaluated and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Xiao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ku CS, Kim B, Pham TX, Yang Y, Wegner CJ, Park YK, Balunas M, Lee JY. Blue-Green Algae Inhibit the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1299-306. [PMID: 26566121 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and inflammation contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Our objective was to determine antiatherogenic effect of edible blue-green algae (BGA) species, that is, Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing (NO) and Spirulina platensis (SP), in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice, a well-established mouse model of atherosclerosis. Male ApoE(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF/HC, 15% fat and 0.2% cholesterol by wt) control diet or a HF/HC diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) of NO or SP powder for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured, and livers were analyzed for histology and gene expression. Morphometric analysis for lesions and immunohistochemical analysis for CD68 were conducted in the aorta and the aortic root. NO supplementation significantly decreased plasma TC and TG, and liver TC, compared to control and SP groups. In the livers of NO-fed mice, less lipid droplets were present with a concomitant decrease in fatty acid synthase protein levels than the other groups. There was a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor protein levels in SP-supplemented mice than in control and NO groups. Quantification of aortic lesions by en face analysis demonstrated that both NO and SP decreased aortic lesion development to a similar degree compared with control. While lesions in the aortic root were not significantly different between groups, the CD68-stained area in the aortic root was significantly lowered in BGA-fed mice than controls. In conclusion, both NO and SP supplementation decreased the development of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that they may be used as a natural product for atheroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chai Siah Ku
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tho X Pham
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yue Yang
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Casey J Wegner
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marcy Balunas
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Ghannami SS, Sedlak E, Hussein IS, Min Y, Al-Shmmkhi SM, Al-Oufi HS, Al-Mazroui A, Ghebremeskel K. Lipid-soluble nutrient status of healthy Omani school children before and after intervention with oily fish meal or re-esterified triacylglycerol fish oil. Nutrition 2015; 32:73-8. [PMID: 26481332 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the past two decades, the Omani diet has changed considerably to resemble a high calorie and a low nutrient density Western diet. We investigated the fat soluble nutrient status of children before and after intervention with fish diet or fish oil. METHODS Children ages 9 and 10 y (n = 314) were recruited from three randomly selected schools. The schools were assigned to a fish, fish oil, or control group and the children were given a lightly grilled oily fish, a re-esterified triacylglycerol fish oil capsule, or no fish for 12 wk. RESULTS Plasma vitamin A, beta carotene, vitamin E concentrations, and vitamin E/total lipid ratio at baseline were 2.7 ± 0.85 μmol/L, 0.68 ± 0.48 μmol/L, 21.1 ± 4.8 μmol/L, and 5.0 ± 0.81 μmol/mmol, respectively, and none of the children were deficient. They were severely deficient (<27.5 nmol/L; 10.5% boys and 28.5% girls), deficient (27.5-44.9 nmol/L; 47.6% boys and 49.4% girls) or insufficient (50-74.9 nmol/L; 34.6% boys and 21.5% girls) in vitamin D; only 7.3% boys and 0.6% girls had optimal status (≥75 nmol/L). Parathyroid hormone (5.0 ± 1.7 versus 5.8 ± 2.1 pmol/L; P < 0.0001) and alkaline phosphatase (225.2 ± 66.6 versus 247.8 ± 73.7 U/L; P < 0.01) levels were lower in boys. Postintervention, the fish oil (54.1 ± 17.5 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and fish (49.2 ± 17.4 nmol/L; P < 0.05) groups had elevated levels of vitamin D compared with the controls (42.3 ± 17.5 nmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Omani school children, but it can be mitigated with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal and extraskeletal systems. Hence, there is a need for a child-focused program of food fortification and outdoor activities to alleviate the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia S Al-Ghannami
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK; Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Eva Sedlak
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Izzeldin S Hussein
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Yoeju Min
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | - Hamed S Al-Oufi
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Mazroui
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kebreab Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Siddiqui MW, Chakraborty I, Homa F, Dhua RS. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Dark Green, Old Gold Crimson, Ripening Inhibitor, and Normal Tomatoes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1038563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Singh S. A review on possible elicitor molecules of cyanobacteria: their role in improving plant growth and providing tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1221-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Singh
- Center for Biotechnology; Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The colour and viscosity of egg yolk are among major indicators assessed by consumers and food technology. This study attempts to evaluate the colour and viscosity of yolk in laying hens’ eggs after the addition of dried beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. esculenta var. rubra) at the amount of 1% and 2% per feeding dose (in July and August 2012). The experiment was performed on 24 hens that were divided into three groups of 8 laying hens. The preparatory phase lasted one week (standard diet), followed by four weeks during which experimental layers received a diet enriched with beetroot. Then, all layers were fed a mixture without beetroot for the following four weeks. Eggs were collected during the whole period of 8 weeks. In total, 30 eggs from each group were subjected to analysis. The colour of eggs was determined using spectrophotometry, by the Colour-guide sphere spex portable colorimeter. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in value L* of yolk colour in experimental groups whereas values a* and b* (indicators of the international colorimetric scale CIELAB) did not vary significantly. Similarly, specific purity C*ab did not show a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the control and experimental groups. The egg yolk viscosity was lower in experimental groups compared to the control group but the difference was not significant. The addition of dried beetroot at the amount of 1 and 2% per feeding dose had no effect on colour and viscosity. This paper supported the null hypothesis that the addition of dried beetroot to the feeding dose at the amount of 1% and 2% has no effect on the colour and viscosity of egg yolk.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hejri A, Khosravi A, Gharanjig K, Hejazi M. Optimisation of the formulation of β-carotene loaded nanostructured lipid carriers prepared by solvent diffusion method. Food Chem 2013; 141:117-23. [PMID: 23768336 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the optimised β-carotene loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared using the solvent diffusion method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in conjunction with a central composite design (CCD) to evaluate the effect of the preparation variables on particle size and β-carotene stability to optimise the NLC formulation. Quadratic polynomial was the best fitted mathematical model for the experimental results. The statistical evaluations revealed that the lipid phase concentration and the surfactant concentration had significant effect on particle size of NLC. In addition, the influence of the liquid lipid to total lipid ratio and temperature on β-carotene degradation was more important. The optimum formulations with minimum particle size (8-15 nm) and low β-carotene degradation (0-3%) were derived from the fitted models and were experimentally examined which demonstrated a reasonable agreement between experimental and predicted values. Transition electron microscopy (TEM) observations exhibited spherical morphology of β-carotene loaded NLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrasoul Hejri
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez St., 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hejri A, Gharanjig K, Khosravi A, Hejazi M. EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON KINETICS OF β-CAROTENE PHOTODEGRADATION IN EMULSIONS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2012.712581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
23
|
Production of β-carotene and acetate in recombinant Escherichia coli with or without mevalonate pathway at different culture temperature or pH. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
24
|
Renju GL, Muraleedhara Kurup G, Saritha Kumari CH. Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated from Chlorella marina on type II collagen induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:282-91. [PMID: 23237458 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.742534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of commercially available lycopene (all-trans) from tomato in controlling arthritis has been reported. Even though many reports are available that the cis form of lycopene is more biologically active, no report seems to be available on lycopene (cis and trans) isolated from an easily available and culturable sources. In the present study, the anti-arthritic effect of lycopene (cis and trans) from the algae Chlorella marina (AL) has been compared with lycopene (all-trans) from tomato (TL) and indomethacin (Indo). Arthritis (CIA) was developed in male Sprague dawley rats by collagen and the following parameters were studied. The activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were found to be decreased on treatment with AL when compared to TL and Indo. Changes in Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and ceruloplasmin levels observed in the blood of arthritic animals were brought back to normal by AL when compared to TL and Indo. Histopathology of paw and joint tissues showed marked reduction in edema on supplementation of AL. Thus these results indicate the potential beneficiary effect of algal lycopene on collagen induced arthritis in rats when compared to TL and even to the commonly used anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. Therefore lycopene from C. marina would be recommended as a better natural source with increased activity and without side effects in the treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Renju
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Supercritical fluid extraction and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) by-products. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Burri BJ. Evaluating Global Barriers to the Use of Red Palm Oil as an Intervention Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Kean EG, Bordenave N, Ejeta G, Hamaker BR, Ferruzzi MG. Carotenoid bioaccessibility from whole grain and decorticated yellow endosperm sorghum porridge. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
28
|
Lemmens L, Colle IJP, Van Buggenhout S, Van Loey AM, Hendrickx ME. Quantifying the influence of thermal process parameters on in vitro β-carotene bioaccessibility: a case study on carrots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3162-3167. [PMID: 21375353 DOI: 10.1021/jf104888y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a detailed and systematic investigation on the effect of thermal processing in terms of temperature and time (kinetic study) on β-carotene in vitro bioaccessibility in carrots. β-Carotene in vitro bioaccessibility increased with increasing processing temperature and time until steady-state conditions were reached after prolonged heating. The bioaccessibility values in steady-state conditions were temperature dependent. The experimental bioaccessibility data could adequately be modeled with a fractional conversion model. For the first time, modeling of processing-induced bioaccessibility changes is reported in literature. The results of the present kinetic study were used to estimate the impact of industrially relevant thermal processes on β-carotene bioaccessibility in carrots by simulation. It was shown that, to achieve a high β-carotene bioaccessibility, processing of carrots is essential (i.e., on the one hand, intense thermal processing or, on the other hand, mild thermal processing combined with intense mechanical processing).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sayre R, Beeching JR, Cahoon EB, Egesi C, Fauquet C, Fellman J, Fregene M, Gruissem W, Mallowa S, Manary M, Maziya-Dixon B, Mbanaso A, Schachtman DP, Siritunga D, Taylor N, Vanderschuren H, Zhang P. The BioCassava plus program: biofortification of cassava for sub-Saharan Africa. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:251-72. [PMID: 21526968 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
More than 250 million Africans rely on the starchy root crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) as their staple source of calories. A typical cassava-based diet, however, provides less than 30% of the minimum daily requirement for protein and only 10%-20% of that for iron, zinc, and vitamin A. The BioCassava Plus (BC+) program has employed modern biotechnologies intended to improve the health of Africans through the development and delivery of genetically engineered cassava with increased nutrient (zinc, iron, protein, and vitamin A) levels. Additional traits addressed by BioCassava Plus include increased shelf life, reductions in toxic cyanogenic glycosides to safe levels, and resistance to viral disease. The program also provides incentives for the adoption of biofortified cassava. Proof of concept was achieved for each of the target traits. Results from field trials in Puerto Rico, the first confined field trials in Nigeria to use genetically engineered organisms, and ex ante impact analyses support the efficacy of using transgenic strategies for the biofortification of cassava.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sayre
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Frias J, Peñas E, Ullate M, Vidal-Valverde C. Influence of drying by convective air dryer or power ultrasound on the vitamin C and β-carotene content of carrots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10539-10544. [PMID: 20843024 DOI: 10.1021/jf102797y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Convective air drying and power ultrasound effects on vitamin C and β-carotene contents in carrots were studied. For convective air drying, a central composite face-centered design fitting temperature between 40 and 65 °C and air flow rate between 2 and 6 × 10(-1) m/s were used; previously, carrots were blanched. Likewise, ultrasound drying was performed on both unblanched and blanched carrots at 20, 40, and 60 °C for 120, 90, and 75 min, respectively. Blanching had a sharp effect on vitamin C and β-carotene degradation (80-92% retentions, respectively), and convective air drying led to further losses (32-50% and 73-90% retentions, respectively). According to the response surface model, a combination of 40 °C and 6 × 10(-1) m/s will maximize vitamin C retention in dried carrots, whereas 40 °C and 3.3 × 10(-1) m/s will ensure the highest β-carotene content. Ultrasound drying caused higher vitamin C and β-carotene retention (82-92% and 96-98%, respectively) than convective air drying. Blanched carrots dehydrated by ultrasound showed retentions of 55% and 88% of vitamin C and β-carotene, respectively. Ultrasound drying at 20 °C for 120 min caused the maximum vitamin C and β-carotene contents. Therefore, power ultrasound may be considered a valuable tool to obtain high nutritive dehydrated carrots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juana Frias
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lemmens L, De Vleeschouwer K, Moelants KRN, Colle IJP, Van Loey AM, Hendrickx ME. Beta-carotene isomerization kinetics during thermal treatments of carrot puree. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6816-6824. [PMID: 20515074 DOI: 10.1021/jf100449t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thermal processing on the stability of beta-carotene in carrot puree was investigated in a broad temperature range (80-150 degrees C). Heat induced changes in the stability of beta-carotene resulting in the conversion into its cis-isomers until an equilibrium state was reached after prolonged heating. By using nonlinear one-step regression analysis, the overall isomerization of all-trans-beta-carotene and the formation of individual cis-isomers could be modeled with a fractional conversion model. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constants. As indicated by the low activation energies for all compounds (11 kJ mol(-1)), the isomerization rate constants showed little sensitivity toward the treatment temperature. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium concentration values after prolonged heating (C(f)) varied for the different compounds, but in all cases, a linear relation between the C(f) values and the treatment temperature could be noted. Although isomerization was observed as a result of thermal processing, it could be concluded that during industrially relevant heating processes, the retention of all-trans-beta-carotene in plain carrot puree was relatively high, which is most likely due to the presence of the protecting food matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effects of cooking on the profile and micellarization of 9-cis-, 13-cis- and all-trans-β-carotene in green vegetables. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
ADDIS G, BASKARAN R, RAJU M, USHADEVI A, ASFAW Z, WOLDU Z, BASKARAN V. EFFECT OF BLANCHING AND DRYING PROCESS ON CAROTENOIDS COMPOSITION OF UNDERUTILIZED ETHIOPIAN (COCCINIA GRANDISL. VOIGT) AND INDIAN (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUML.) GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Oliveira JMD, Oliveira NS, Bergamaschi DP. Concentrações de vitamina A no leite humano e características socioeconômicas e nutricionais maternas: resultados de estudos brasileiros. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-38292009000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: agregar e discutir os resultados de estudos realizados no Brasil que avaliaram a concentração de vitamina A no leite materno. FONTES DOS DADOS: foram pesquisadas as bases LILACS, Banco de Teses da Capes, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), e Plataforma Lattes -seção de produção científica. As palavras-chaves utilizadas foram: gestantes, lactante, concentração de vitamina A no leite humano, Brasil. As buscas foram realizadas em 2006 e atualizadas em março de 2008. Foram incluídos todos os estudos localizados. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: foram localizados 14 estudos, publicados entre 1988 e 2008, heterogêneos quanto ao tamanho da amostra, fase do leite, período do dia da coleta e método de determinação das concentrações de vitamina A. Foram descritas concentrações médias de vitamina A no leite humano entre 0,62 e 4,50 µmol/L. CONCLUSÕES: não houve consenso sobre a relação entre concentração de vitamina A no leite humano e vitamina A dietética, estado nutricional materno, características obstétricas e demográficas e duração da gestação. Sugere-se que estudos futuros utilizem, amostras de leite maduro, coletadas aleatoriamente ao longo dos diferentes períodos do dia, e a utilização do high performance liquid chromatography - HPLC - como método de determinação de vitamina A.
Collapse
|
35
|
Spada PD, de Souza GGN, Bortolini GV, Henriques JA, Salvador M. Antioxidant, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activity of Frozen Fruits. J Med Food 2008; 11:144-51. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia D.S. Spada
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - João A.P. Henriques
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jaime L, Mendiola JA, Ibáñez E, Martin-Alvarez PJ, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Señoráns FJ. Beta-carotene isomer composition of sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts. Antioxidant activity measurement. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10585-10590. [PMID: 18052099 DOI: 10.1021/jf0711789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present work sub- and supercritical extraction conditions using carbon dioxide were studied in order to obtain extracts with different compositions from the green microalgae Dunaliella salina. Different compositions of beta-carotene isomers were identified in the extracts by using HPLC-DAD. Also, antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using a TEAC assay. An experimental design was applied considering two factors, extraction pressure and temperature, in a wide range of values, trying to maximize the extraction yield. Higher yields were obtained at high pressures and low temperatures, that is, at higher CO2 densities. Attempts were made to correlate the antioxidant activity of the extracts with their chemical composition by means of principal component analysis. A certain relationship was found between their antioxidant activity and the isomeric composition of beta-carotenes. As a result, an original equation is proposed to predict the antioxidant activity of extracts from D. salina in terms of the ratio 9-cis-beta-carotene/all-trans-beta-carotene, the concentration of alpha-carotene, and, especially, the concentration of 9-cis-beta-carotene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jaime
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Serra L, Griggio M, Licheri D, Pilastro A. Moult speed constrains the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual ornament. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:2028-34. [PMID: 17714319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of moult speed on the expression of a sexually selected, carotenoid-based feather ornament in the rock sparrow (Petronia petronia). We experimentally accelerated the moult speed of a group of birds by exposing them to a rapidly decreasing photoperiod and compared the area and the spectral characteristics of their ornaments with those of control birds. Birds with accelerated moulting rate showed a smaller yellow patch with lower yellow reflectance compared to their slow-moulting counterparts. Considering that the time available for moulting is usually constrained between the end of the breeding season and migration or wintering, carotenoid feather ornaments, whose expression is mediated by moult speed, may convey long term information about an individual's condition, potentially encompassing the previous breeding season. Furthermore, the observed trade-off between moult speed and ornament expression may represent a previously unrecognized selective advantage for early breeding birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Serra
- Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica, Via Ca' Fornacetta, Ozzano dell'Emilia BO, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Investigation of the vitamins A and E and β-carotene content in milk from UK organic and conventional dairy farms. J DAIRY RES 2007; 74:484-91. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029907002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During a 12-month longitudinal study, bulk-tank milk was collected from organic (n=17) and conventional (n=19) dairy farms in the UK. Milk samples were analysed for vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and β-carotene content. The farming system type, herd production level and nutritional factors affecting the milk fat vitamin content were investigated by use of mixed model analyses. Conventionally produced milk fat had a higher mean content of vitamin A than organically produced milk fat, although there were no significant differences in the vitamin E or β-carotene contents between the two types of milk fat. Apart from farming system, other key factors that affected milk fat vitamin content were season, herd yield and concentrate feeding level. Milk vitamin content increased in the summer months and in association with increased concentrate feeding, whilst higher-yielding herds had a lower milk vitamin E and β-carotene content. Thus, conventional dairy farms in the UK produced milk with a higher vitamin A content, possibly owing to increased vitamin A supplementation in concentrate feeds. However, knowledge of the effects of season, access to fresh grazing or specific silage types and herd production level may also be used by all producers and processors to enhance the vitamin content in milk.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rafi MM, Yadav PN, Reyes M. Lycopene Inhibits LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Mediator Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Mouse Macrophage Cells. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S069-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Schulz H, Baranska M, Baranski R. Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers 2006; 77:212-21. [PMID: 15674976 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the special advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy for in situ studies of several carotenoids that occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Spectra obtained from various tissues of a range of plant species indicate that the wavenumber location of C=C stretching vibrations is mainly influenced both by the length as well as by the terminal substituents of the polyene chain of carotenoids and by their interaction with other plant constituents. The obtained results show also the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy in the investigation of cis-trans isomerization of carotenoids during processing. Additionally, 2-D Raman mappings present a unique possibility to evaluate the individual distribution of carotenoids in the intact plant tissue; in this context different 7-, 8-, and 9-double bond conjugated carotenoids can be analyzed independently in the same sample. Furthermore, the use of Raman spectroscopy for in situ detection of unstable substances such as epoxycarotenoids is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schulz
- Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Institute of Plant Analysis, Neuer Weg 22-23, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Burri BJ, Clifford AJ. Carotenoid and retinoid metabolism: insights from isotope studies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 430:110-9. [PMID: 15325918 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Revised: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of isotopes as tracers has had an important role in elucidating key features of vitamin A and retinoid metabolism in animal models and humans. Their use has shown that beta-carotene absorption is variable, and that the appearance of beta-carotene and its metabolites in the blood by time since dosing follows characteristic patterns. Retinol formed from beta-carotene shows a different pattern, as does lutein. In this article, we summarize and discuss insights and some surprises into the absorption and metabolism of vitamin A, beta-carotene, and lutein that were gained with the use of isotope tracers in humans, rats, and cells as models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Burri
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS/USDA, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Accumulated evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates that there is a low risk of degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cataract, stroke and, in particular, cancers in people with a high intake of fruit and vegetables. This protective effect is assumed to be associated mainly with the antioxidant activities of either individual or interacting bioactive components present in the fruits and vegetables, and with other biochemical and physical characteristics of the identified and unknown bioactive components. The implicated bioactive components present in citrus fruits include vitamin C, beta-carotene, flavonoids, limonoids, folic acid, and dietary fibre. A high intake of citrus fruits may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jansen Silalahi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alaluf S, Heinrich U, Stahl W, Tronnier H, Wiseman S. Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity. J Nutr 2002; 132:399-403. [PMID: 11880562 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine whether dietary carotenoids influence skin pigmentation and UV photosensitivity in a healthy unsupplemented panel (n = 22) of Caucasian (skin Type II) subjects. Skin spectrophotometric and tristimulus (L*a*b*) CR200 chromameter readings were made at various body sites to objectively measure skin carotenoid levels and skin color, respectively. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) was also measured to determine the intrinsic UV photosensitivity of the skin. We found that tristimulus b* values (but not L* and a* values) were consistently and closely correlated with skin carotenoid levels at a number of body sites including the back (r = 0.85, P < 0.00001), forehead (r = 0.85, P < 0.00001), inner forearm (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) and palm of the hand (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001). Skin carotenoid levels and MED were also correlated in these subjects (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), as were tristimulus b* values and MED (r = 0.71, P < 0.0002). From these observations, we conclude that carotenoids from a normal, unsupplemented diet accumulate in the skin and confer a measurable photoprotective benefit (at least in lightly pigmented Caucasian skin), that is directly linked to their concentration in the tissue. Carotenoids also appear to contribute measurably and significantly to normal human skin color, in particular the appearance of "yellowness" as defined objectively by CR200 tristimulus b* values. On the basis of these findings we believe that objective measurements of skin color, in particular tristimulus b* values, may be a potentially useful means of monitoring dietary carotenoid status and assessing UV photosensitivity in Caucasian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alaluf
- Unilever Research, Colworth Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 3UP, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lozano G. Carotenoids, Immunity, and Sexual Selection: Comparing Apples and Oranges? Am Nat 2001; 158:200-3. [DOI: 10.1086/321313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
45
|
Burri BJ, Neidlinger TR, Clifford AJ. Serum carotenoid depletion follows first-order kinetics in healthy adult women fed naturally low carotenoid diets. J Nutr 2001; 131:2096-100. [PMID: 11481400 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of carotenoids are highly variable in human populations as are serum carotenoid concentrations. However, there are few controlled data relating carotenoid intake to concentration. Most of the data that are available are from measurements of the absorption and decay of large pharmacologic doses of carotenoids, and are therefore of unknown physiologic relevance. Our objective was to determine the half-life (t(1/2)) of the most abundant carotenoids in blood serum from healthy adult women living under controlled conditions. As part of two carotenoid isotopic studies, we measured serum concentrations of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene in 19 healthy young adult women that were fed controlled low carotenoid diets for approximately 10 wk. All other nutrients (vitamins A, E and C) were provided at 100-150% of the 1989 U.S. recommended dietary allowance levels. Exercise and activities were controlled throughout the studies to simulate usual activity patterns. Carotenoid concentrations were measured by reversed-phase HPLC. Serum carotenoid concentration decreases during depletion followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives determined in decreasing order were as follows: lutein (76 d) > alpha-carotene (45 d) = beta-cryptoxanthin (39 d) = zeaxanthin (38 d) = beta-carotene (37 d) > lycopene (26 d). Half-lives were unrelated to physical or demographic characteristics such as body mass, body fat, racial background or age in these relatively homogeneous groups. Carotenoids decreased by similar first-order mechanisms, although the rates differed for individual carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Burri
- The Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Este trabalho constitui uma revisão de dados epidemiológicos sobre a relação entre o consumo de vitaminas e prevenção de câncer. Estudos observacionais evidenciam uma associação inversa consistente entre a ingestão de frutas e hortaliças e risco de câncer, e um efeito protetor das vitaminas C, E e dos carotenóides contra certos tipos de câncer. Resultados de estudos de intervenção, na prevenção primária de câncer, são contraditórios, sendo que em dois desses estudos o beta-caroteno, suplementado em doses consideradas farmacológicas, isolado ou associado à vitamina E ou à vitamina A, mostrou-se deletério para tabagistas. Ao contrário, a ingestão de doses mais fisiológicas de antioxidantes parece ser mais eficaz, sendo que a ação sinérgica dessas substâncias na quimioprevenção de câncer já foi demonstrada tanto em modelo in vivo de carcinogênese quanto em estudo epidemiológico de intervenção. Como estratégia de prevenção de câncer preconiza-se o consumo de dietas ricas em frutas e hortaliças, que aportem cerca de 150 mg de vitamina C, 30 mg de vitamina E e 4 mg de carotenóides. A ingestão de quantidades mais elevadas, na forma de suplementos, não está recomendada.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin Y, Dueker SR, Burri BJ, Neidlinger TR, Clifford AJ. Variability of the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in women measured by using a double-tracer study design. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:1545-54. [PMID: 10837297 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood beta-carotene and vitamin A responses to oral beta-carotene are variable in humans. Some individuals are characterized as responders and others as low- or nonresponders. A better understanding of the conditions that produce the variability is important to help design public health programs that ensure vitamin A sufficiency. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess variability in absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in vivo in humans by using a novel double-tracer ¿hexadeuterated (D(6)) beta-carotene and D(6) retinyl acetate approach. DESIGN Eleven healthy women were housed at the US Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center metabolic unit for 44 d, where they consumed diets adequate in vitamins and minerals except for carotenoids. After an adaptation period, the women were given 30 micromol D(6) retinyl acetate orally, followed 1 wk later with 37 micromol D(6) beta-carotene (approximately equimolar doses). Time-dependent plasma concentration curves were determined for D(6) retinol, D(6) beta-carotene, and trideuterated (D(3)) retinol (derived from D(6) beta-carotene). RESULTS Mean (+/-SE) absorption of D(6) beta-carotene was 3.3 +/- 1.3% for all subjects. The mean conversion ratio was 0.81 +/- 0.34 mol D(3) retinol to 1 mol D(6) beta-carotene for all subjects. However, only 6 of the 11 subjects had plasma D(6) beta-carotene and D(3) retinol concentrations that we could measure. The mean absorption of D(6) beta-carotene in these 6 subjects was 6.1 +/- 0.02% and their conversion ratio was 1.47 +/- 0.49 mol D(3) retinol to 1 mol D(6) beta-carotene. The remaining 5 subjects were low responders with </=0.01% absorption and a mean conversion ratio of 0.014 +/- 0.004 mol D(3) retinol to 1 mol D(6) beta-carotene. CONCLUSION Variable absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A both contribute to the variable response to consumption of beta-carotene. Our double-tracer approach is adaptable for identifying efficient converters of carotenoid to retinoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim HW, Chew BP, Wong TS, Park JS, Weng BB, Byrne KM, Hayek MG, Reinhart GA. Dietary lutein stimulates immune response in the canine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2000; 74:315-27. [PMID: 10802297 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The possible immuno-modulatory action of dietary lutein in dogs is not known. Female Beagle dogs (17-18-month old; 11.4+/-0.4kg body weight) were supplemented daily with 0, 5, 10 or 20mg lutein for 12 weeks. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to saline, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and a polyvalent vaccine was assessed on Weeks 0, 6 and 12. Blood was sampled on Weeks 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 to assess (1) lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), (2) changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations, (3) interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and (4) IgG and IgM production. After the completion of 12-week study, we continued to collect the blood weekly up to 17 weeks to evaluate the changes in immunoglobulin production upon first and second antigenic challenges on Weeks 13 and 15. Plasma lutein+zeaxanthin was undetectable in unsupplemented dogs but concentrations increased (P<0.05) rapidly on Week 2 in lutein-supplemented dogs. Thereafter, concentrations generally continued to increase in dose-dependent manner, albeit at a much slower rate. Dogs fed lutein had heightened DTH response to PHA and vaccine by Week 6. Dietary lutein increased (P<0.05) lymphocyte proliferative response to all three mitogens and increased the percentages of cells expressing CD5, CD4, CD8 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules. The production of IgG increased (P<0.05) in lutein-fed dogs after the second antigenic challenge. Lutein did not influence the expression of CD21 lymphocyte marker, plasma IgM or IL-2 production. Therefore, dietary lutein stimulated both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in the domestic canine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-3651, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kamat JP, Devasagayam TP. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) as an effective antioxidant against oxidative damage in rat brain mitochondria. Redox Rep 2000; 4:179-84. [PMID: 10658823 DOI: 10.1179/135100099101534882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) an endogenous metabolite, showed significant inhibition of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ascorbate-Fe2+ and photosensitization systems in rat brain mitochondria. It protected against both protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, at millimolar concentrations. Inhibition was more pronounced against oxidation of proteins than peroxidation of lipids. Chemically related endogenous compounds, tryptophan and isonicotinic acid, showed comparable inhibitory properties. The protective effect observed, at biologically relevant concentrations, with nicotinamide was more than that of the endogenous antioxidants ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Hence our studies suggest that nicotinamide (vitamin B3) can be considered as a potent antioxidant capable of protecting the cellular membranes in brain, which is highly susceptible to prooxidants, against oxidative damage induced by ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Kamat
- Cell Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lykkesfeldt J, Christen S, Wallock LM, Chang HH, Jacob RA, Ames BN. Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:530-6. [PMID: 10648268 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of reliable dietary data has hampered the ability to effectively distinguish between effects of smoking and diet on plasma antioxidant status. As confirmed by analyses of comprehensive food-frequency questionnaires, the total dietary intakes of fruit and vegetables and of dietary antioxidants were not significantly different between the study groups in the present study, thereby enabling isolation of the effect of smoking. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the effect of smoking on plasma antioxidant status by measuring ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and lycopene, and subsequently, to test the effect of a 3-mo dietary supplementation with a moderate-dose vitamin cocktail. DESIGN In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, the effect of a vitamin cocktail containing 272 mg vitamin C, 31 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and 400 microg folic acid on plasma antioxidants was determined in a population of smokers (n = 37) and nonsmokers (n = 38). The population was selected for a low intake of fruit and vegetables and recruited from the San Francisco Bay area. RESULTS Only ascorbic acid was significantly depleted by smoking per se (P < 0.01). After the 3-mo supplementation period, ascorbic acid was efficiently repleted in smokers (P < 0.001). Plasma alpha-tocopherol and the ratio of alpha- to gamma-tocopherol increased significantly in both supplemented groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that previous reports of lower concentrations of plasma vitamin E and carotenoids in smokers than in nonsmokers may primarily have been caused by differences in dietary habits between study groups. Plasma ascorbic acid was depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|