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László L, Kurilla A, Tilajka Á, Pancsa R, Takács T, Novák J, Buday L, Vas V. Unveiling epithelial plasticity regulation in lung cancer: Exploring the cross-talk among Tks4 scaffold protein partners. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar111. [PMID: 38985526 PMCID: PMC11321040 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-03-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a hallmark event in the evolution of lung cancer. This work aims to study a recently described EMT-regulating protein, Tks4, and to explore its potential as a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 method to knockout (KO) Tks4 to study its functional roles in invadopodia formation, migration, and regulation of EMT marker expressions and we identified Tks4-interacting proteins. Tks4-KO A549 cells exhibited an EMT-like phenotype characterized by elongated morphology and increased expression of EMT markers. Furthermore, analyses of a large-scale lung cancer database and a patient-derived tissue array data revealed that the Tks4 mRNA level was decreased in more aggressive lung cancer stages. To understand the regulatory role of Tks4 in lung cancer, we performed a Tks4-interactome analysis via Tks4 immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry on five different cell lines and identified CAPZA1 as a novel Tks4 partner protein. Thus, we propose that the absence of Tks4 leads to disruption of a connectome of multiple proteins and that the resulting undocking and likely mislocalization of signaling molecules impairs actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and activates EMT-like cell fate switches, both of which likely influence disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta László
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Kurilla
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Álmos Tilajka
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Pancsa
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Takács
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Novák
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virag Vas
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Bigos KJA, Quiles CG, Lunj S, Smith DJ, Krause M, Troost EGC, West CM, Hoskin P, Choudhury A. Tumour response to hypoxia: understanding the hypoxic tumour microenvironment to improve treatment outcome in solid tumours. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331355. [PMID: 38352889 PMCID: PMC10861654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumours affecting their biology and response to therapy. One of the main transcription factors activated by hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates the expression of genes involved in various aspects of tumourigenesis including proliferative capacity, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and cell migration. This can negatively impact patient outcomes by inducing therapeutic resistance. The importance of hypoxia is clearly demonstrated by continued research into finding clinically relevant hypoxia biomarkers, and hypoxia-targeting therapies. One of the problems is the lack of clinically applicable methods of hypoxia detection, and lack of standardisation. Additionally, a lot of the methods of detecting hypoxia do not take into consideration the complexity of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME). Therefore, this needs further elucidation as approximately 50% of solid tumours are hypoxic. The ECM is important component of the hypoxic TME, and is developed by both cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumour cells. However, it is important to distinguish the different roles to develop both biomarkers and novel compounds. Fibronectin (FN), collagen (COL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are important components of the ECM that create ECM fibres. These fibres are crosslinked by specific enzymes including lysyl oxidase (LOX) which regulates the stiffness of tumours and induces fibrosis. This is partially regulated by HIFs. The review highlights the importance of understanding the role of matrix stiffness in different solid tumours as current data shows contradictory results on the impact on therapeutic resistance. The review also indicates that further research is needed into identifying different CAF subtypes and their exact roles; with some showing pro-tumorigenic capacity and others having anti-tumorigenic roles. This has made it difficult to fully elucidate the role of CAFs within the TME. However, it is clear that this is an important area of research that requires unravelling as current strategies to target CAFs have resulted in worsened prognosis. The role of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment is also discussed as hypoxia has been associated with modulating immune cells to create an anti-tumorigenic environment. Which has led to the development of immunotherapies including PD-L1. These hypoxia-induced changes can confer resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of hypoxia on the TME and its implications for therapy resistance. It also discusses the potential of hypoxia biomarkers as prognostic and predictive indictors of treatment response, as well as the challenges and opportunities of targeting hypoxia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla JA. Bigos
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conrado G. Quiles
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sapna Lunj
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle J. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther GC. Troost
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Catharine M. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Germany
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Deepika K, Kumar NGR, Kumar AS, Karri RL. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Glut1 in dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:77-83. [PMID: 38800443 PMCID: PMC11126251 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_455_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Glucose uptake may be considered the rate-limiting step for the growth and metabolism of the cancer cell. Studies on GLUT1 have shown that GLUT1 is involved in cell survival and proliferation in both healthy and pathological circumstances. GLUT1 expression is regarded as one of the crucial elements in the development of local aggressiveness, tumour invasiveness, and metastasis, particularly in malignant tumours. The role of glut1 in odontogenic cysts and tumours has remained uncertain. Aim The aim of the study is to assess the expression of Glut1 in dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastoma. Settings and Design The study was conducted in GSL Dental College. The study design was a resprospective immunohistochemical study. Methods and Material Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of histologically confirmed cases (n = 50), 10 cases of odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, ameloblastomas solid, ameloblastomas unicystic, and dental follicles each. Brown colour staining was considered as positive staining for GLUT1. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting the number of labelled cells, and semi-quantitative analysis was conducted by assigning immunostaining intensity scores. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Odontogenic keratocysts and unicystic ameloblastoma showed ≥50% of label cells with strong intensity of staining. Odontogenic keratocysts and solid ameloblastoma showed sub-cellular localisation of staining in the cytoplasm and membrane. Dentigerous cysts exhibited combined nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane sub-cellular localisation of staining. Conclusions The development of ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and dentigerous cysts appears to be influenced by GLUT-1. Variation in its expression may aid in explanation of some of the differences in biological activity of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepika
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N. Govind Raj Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A. Sudarshan Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Roja Lakshmi Karri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Duan SL, Wu M, Zhang ZJ, Chang S. The potential role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism: an emerging actionable codependent target in thyroid cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:735. [PMID: 37853445 PMCID: PMC10585934 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, most patients, especially those with differentiated thyroid cancer, can usually be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. However, treatment options for patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancers or radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer have historically been limited. Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a well-documented feature in thyroid cancer. In a hypoxic environment with extreme nutrient deficiencies resulting from uncontrolled growth, thyroid cancer cells utilize "metabolic reprogramming" to satisfy their energy demand and support malignant behaviors such as metastasis. This review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in thyroid cancer cells, which we expect will yield new therapeutic approaches for patients with special pathological types of thyroid cancer by targeting reprogrammed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Baser A, Basar B, Dogan HB, Sener G, Ozsamur NG, Celik FS, Altves S, Erbas-Cakmak S. Reprograming cancer cells by a BODIPY G-quadruplex stabiliser. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12447-12450. [PMID: 37779498 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A cationic BODIPY-based G-quadruplex-selective stabiliser is developed and shown to decrease cancer cell migration-invasion up to 90%. The expression of critical genes (HIF1α, VIM, CDH1) related to metastasis is modulated. The stabiliser reprograms hypoxia-adaptive metabolism and an 1.82-fold increase in O2 consumption, enabling back-to-normal switching of energy metabolism, is observed. Stabilisers with a strong G-quadruplex affinity (0.38 μM Kd) significantly contribute to small molecule anti-cancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminesena Baser
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beyza Basar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hanim Beyza Dogan
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Sener
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gokce Ozsamur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Secer Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Safaa Altves
- Department of Medicinal Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
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Chen S, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Cai L, Hou X, Li W. Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Hypoxia-Related Genes and Capsule Formation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1785-1797. [PMID: 37841371 PMCID: PMC10576505 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s417830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor capsule is an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and used increasingly to guide clinical decision-making. Considering the genetic complexity for capsule formation and its potential association with hypoxia, the significance of the polymorphisms of hypoxia-related genes in capsule formation and HCC prognosis remains to be elucidated. Patients and Methods Peripheral blood samples from HCC patients were collected in this study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted by the iPLEX chemistry on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Sequenom, Inc.). The demographic and clinical data for the patients were obtained through medical chart review and/or consultation with the treating physicians. SPSS 25.0, R 4.1.1, and PLINK toolset were used to perform statistical analysis. Results A total of 183 patients were enrolled, including 88 patients assigned to the capsule group and 95 to the non-capsule group. SLC2A1 rs841858 T allele, SLC2A1 rs2297977 T allele, STAT1 rs1547550 C allele, and STAT1 rs34997637 G allele were associated with significantly increased risk of capsule formation. The genotypes of SLC2A1 rs841858, SLC2A1 rs2297977, STAT1 rs34997637, and STAT1 rs1914408 were significantly associated with the formation of HCC capsule. The polymorphisms of STAT1 rs2066802, STAT1 rs12693591, and HIF1A rs2057482 showed close relationship with the prognosis of HCC patients in the capsule group, while the genotype distributions of CTNNB1 rs4135385, IFNG rs1861494, and SERPINE1 rs2227631 were closely related to the survival of patients in the non-capsule group. Further haplotype analysis suggested that SLC2A1 block 1 and STAT1 block 2 were related to the susceptibility of HCC capsule. Conclusion The polymorphisms of the hypoxia-related genes (HIF1A, SERPINE1, IFNG, STAT1, CTNNB1, and SLC2A1) were correlated with the formation of HCC capsule. Several SNPs in these genes also showed association with HCC prognosis except SLC2A1. Further functional studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjia Duan
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cai
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopu Hou
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Lacher SE, Skon-Hegg C, Ruis BL, Krznarich J, Slattery M. An antioxidant response element regulates the HIF1α axis in breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:243-251. [PMID: 37179033 PMCID: PMC10321210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The redox sensitive transcription factor NRF2 is a central regulator of the transcriptional response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). NRF2 is widely recognized for its ROS-responsive upregulation of antioxidant genes that are essential for mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative stress. However, multiple genome-wide approaches have suggested that NRF2's regulatory reach extends well beyond the canonical antioxidant genes, with the potential to regulate many noncanonical target genes. Recent work from our lab and others suggests HIF1A, which encodes the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor HIF1α, is one such noncanonical NRF2 target. These studies found that NRF2 activity is associated with high HIF1A expression in multiple cellular contexts, HIF1A expression is partially dependent on NRF2, and there is a putative NRF2 binding site (antioxidant response element, or ARE) approximately 30 kilobases upstream of HIF1A. These findings all support a model in which HIF1A is a direct target of NRF2, but did not confirm the functional importance of the upstream ARE in HIF1A expression. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to mutate this ARE in its genomic context and test the impact on HIF1A expression. We find that mutation of this ARE in a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) eliminates NRF2 binding and decreases HIF1A expression at the transcript and protein levels, and disrupts HIF1α target genes as well as phenotypes driven by these HIF1α targets. Taken together, these results indicate that this NRF2 targeted ARE plays an important role in the expression of HIF1A and activity of the HIF1α axis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
| | - Cara Skon-Hegg
- Whiteside Institute for Clinical Research, St. Luke's Hospital, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Brian L Ruis
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jennifer Krznarich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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8
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Neubert E, Rassler B, Hoschke A, Raffort C, Salameh A. Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia and Adrenergic Blockade over 72 h on Cardiac Function in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11417. [PMID: 37511176 PMCID: PMC10379660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In rats, acute normobaric hypoxia depressed left ventricular (LV) inotropic function. After 24 h of hypoxic exposure, a slight recovery of LV function occurred. We speculated that prolonged hypoxia (72 h) would induce acclimatization and, hence, recovery of LV function. Moreover, we investigated biomarkers of nitrosative stress and apoptosis as possible causes of hypoxic LV depression. To elucidate the role of hypoxic sympathetic activation, we studied whether adrenergic blockade would further deteriorate the general state of the animals and their cardiac function. Ninety-four rats were exposed over 72 h either to normal room air (N) or to normobaric hypoxia (H). The rodents received infusion (0.1 mL/h) with 0.9% NaCl or with different adrenergic blockers. Despite clear signs of acclimatization to hypoxia, the LV depression continued persistently after 72 h of hypoxia. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed significant increases in markers of nitrosative stress, adenosine triphosphate deficiency and apoptosis in the myocardium, which could provide a possible explanation for the absence of LV function recovery. Adrenergic blockade had a slightly deteriorative effect on the hypoxic LV function compared to the hypoxic group with maintained sympathetic efficacy. These findings show that hypoxic sympathetic activation compensates, at least partially, for the compromised function in hypoxic conditions, therefore emphasizing its importance for hypoxia adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Neubert
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (E.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Beate Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (E.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Annekathrin Hoschke
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (E.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Coralie Raffort
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (C.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Aida Salameh
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (C.R.); (A.S.)
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9
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Romero-Lopez M, Oria M, Ferrer-Marquez F, Varela MF, Lampe K, Watanabe-Chailland M, Martinez L, Peiro JL. Fetal lung hypoxia and energetic cell failure in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:180. [PMID: 37055635 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) pathogenesis is poorly understood. We hypothesize that fetal CDH lungs are chronically hypoxic because of lung hypoplasia and tissue compression, affecting the cell bioenergetics as a possible explanation for abnormal lung development. METHODS To investigate this theory, we conducted a study using the rat nitrofen model of CDH. We evaluated the bioenergetics status using H1 Nuclear magnetic resonance and studied the expression of enzymes involved in energy production, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and the glucose transporter 1. RESULTS The nitrofen-exposed lungs have increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and the main fetal glucose transporter, more evident in the CDH lungs. We also found imbalanced AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios, and a depleted energy cellular charge. Subsequent transcription levels and protein expression of the enzymes involved in bioenergetics confirm the attempt to prevent the energy collapse with the increase in lactate dehydrogenase C, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and 2, adenosine monophosphate deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2, and liver kinase B1, while decreasing ATP synthase. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that changes in energy production could play a role in CDH pathogenesis. If confirmed in other animal models and humans, this could lead to the development of novel therapies targeting the mitochondria to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Romero-Lopez
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marc Oria
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Fernando Ferrer-Marquez
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Florencia Varela
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Leopoldo Martinez
- Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital la Paz, Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Peiro
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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10
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Breault NM, Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Archer SL. Acquired disorders of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1105565. [PMID: 36819102 PMCID: PMC9933518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease of the cardiopulmonary unit that reflects an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy and presents with hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately failure of the right ventricle (RVF). Despite treatment using pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted therapies, persistent functional impairment reduces the quality of life for people with PAH and death from RVF occurs in approximately 40% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. PH-targeted therapeutics are primarily vasodilators and none, alone or in combination, are curative. This highlights a need to therapeutically explore molecular targets in other pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several candidate pathways in PAH involve acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. These mitochondrial disorders include: 1) a shift in metabolism related to increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase, which together increase uncoupled glycolysis (Warburg metabolism); 2) disruption of oxygen-sensing related to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, resulting in a state of pseudohypoxia; 3) altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis related to impaired function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which elevates cytosolic calcium and reduces intramitochondrial calcium; and 4) abnormal mitochondrial dynamics related to increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and its binding partners, such as mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa and 51 kDa, and depressed expression of mitofusin 2, resulting in increased mitotic fission. These acquired mitochondrial abnormalities increase proliferation and impair apoptosis in most pulmonary vascular cells (including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts). In the RV, Warburg metabolism and induction of glutaminolysis impairs bioenergetics and promotes hypokinesis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review will explore our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of disordered mitochondrial function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Breault
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
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11
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Kulin A, Kucsma N, Bohár B, Literáti-Nagy B, Korányi L, Cserepes J, Somogyi A, Sarkadi B, Szabó E, Várady G. Genetic Modulation of the GLUT1 Transporter Expression-Potential Relevance in Complex Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1669. [PMID: 36421383 PMCID: PMC9687623 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The human GLUT1 (SLC2A1) membrane protein is the key glucose transporter in numerous cell types, including red cells, kidney, and blood-brain barrier cells. The expression level of this protein has a role in several diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In this work, to investigate a potential genetic modulation of the GLUT1 expression level, the protein level was measured in red cell membranes by flow cytometry, and the genetic background was analyzed by qPCR and luciferase assays. We found significant associations between red cell GLUT1 levels and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding SLC2A1 gene, that in individuals with the minor alleles of rs841848, rs1385129, and rs11537641 had increased, while those having the variant rs841847 had decreased erythrocyte GLUT1 levels. In the luciferase reporter studies performed in HEK-293T and HepG2 cells, a similar SNP-dependent modulation was observed, and lower glucose, serum, and hypoxic condition had variable, cell- and SNP-specific effects on luciferase expression. These results should contribute to a more detailed understanding of the genetic background of membrane GLUT1 expression and its potential role in associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kulin
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bohár
- Doctoral School of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Anikó Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Hinze C, Kocks C, Leiz J, Karaiskos N, Boltengagen A, Cao S, Skopnik CM, Klocke J, Hardenberg JH, Stockmann H, Gotthardt I, Obermayer B, Haghverdi L, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Bachmann S, Hocke AC, Corman V, Busch J, Schneider W, Himmerkus N, Bleich M, Eckardt KU, Enghard P, Rajewsky N, Schmidt-Ott KM. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals common epithelial response patterns in human acute kidney injury. Genome Med 2022; 14:103. [PMID: 36085050 PMCID: PMC9462075 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. Cellular mechanisms underlying AKI and kidney cell responses to injury remain incompletely understood. Methods We performed single-nuclei transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, molecular imaging studies, and conventional histology on kidney tissues from 8 individuals with severe AKI (stage 2 or 3 according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria). Specimens were obtained within 1–2 h after individuals had succumbed to critical illness associated with respiratory infections, with 4 of 8 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Control kidney tissues were obtained post-mortem or after nephrectomy from individuals without AKI. Results High-depth single cell-resolved gene expression data of human kidneys affected by AKI revealed enrichment of novel injury-associated cell states within the major cell types of the tubular epithelium, in particular in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and distal convoluted tubules. Four distinct, hierarchically interconnected injured cell states were distinguishable and characterized by transcriptome patterns associated with oxidative stress, hypoxia, interferon response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Transcriptome differences between individuals with AKI were driven primarily by the cell type-specific abundance of these four injury subtypes rather than by private molecular responses. AKI-associated changes in gene expression between individuals with and without COVID-19 were similar. Conclusions The study provides an extensive resource of the cell type-specific transcriptomic responses associated with critical illness-associated AKI in humans, highlighting recurrent disease-associated signatures and inter-individual heterogeneity. Personalized molecular disease assessment in human AKI may foster the development of tailored therapies.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01108-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janna Leiz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Mark Skopnik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Klocke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hardenberg
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inka Gotthardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laleh Haghverdi
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute for Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Oh JM, Begum HM, Liu YL, Ren Y, Shen K. Recapitulating Tumor Hypoxia in a Cleanroom-Free, Liquid-Pinning-Based Microfluidic Tumor Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3107-3121. [PMID: 35678715 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In tumors, the metabolic demand of cancer cells often outpaces oxygen supply, resulting in a gradient of tumor hypoxia accompanied with heterogeneous resistance to cancer therapeutics. Models recapitulating tumor hypoxia are therefore essential for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Existing in vitro models often fail to capture the spatial heterogeneity of tumor hypoxia or involve high-cost, complex fabrication/handling techniques. Here, we designed a highly tunable microfluidic device that induces hypoxia through natural cell metabolism and oxygen diffusion barriers. We adopted a cleanroom-free, micromilling-replica-molding strategy and a microfluidic liquid-pinning approach to streamline the fabrication and tumor model establishment. We also implemented a thin-film oxygen diffusion barrier design, which was optimized through COMSOL simulation, to support both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) hypoxic models. We demonstrated that liquid-pinning enables an easy, injection-based micropatterning of cancer cells of a wide range of parameters, showing the high tunability of our design. Human breast cancer and prostate cancer cells were seeded and stained after 24 h of 2-D and 3-D culture to validate the natural induction of hypoxia. We further demonstrated the feasibility of the parallel microfluidic channel design to evaluate dual therapeutic conditions in the same device. Overall, our new microfluidic tumor model serves as a user-friendly, cost-effective, and highly scalable platform that provides spatiotemporal analysis of the hypoxic tumor microenvironments suitable for high-content biological studies and therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hydari Masuma Begum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yao Lucia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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14
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Ryniawec JM, Coope MR, Loertscher E, Bageerathan V, de Oliveira Pessoa D, Warfel NA, Cress AE, Padi M, Rogers GC. GLUT3/SLC2A3 Is an Endogenous Marker of Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030676. [PMID: 35328229 PMCID: PMC8946944 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is dynamic and frequently contains pockets of low oxygen levels (hypoxia) surrounded by oxygenated tissue. Indeed, a compromised vasculature is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, creating both spatial gradients and temporal variability in oxygen availability. Notably, hypoxia associates with increased metastasis and poor survival in patients. Therefore, to aid therapeutic decisions and better understand hypoxia’s role in cancer progression, it is critical to identify endogenous biomarkers of hypoxia to spatially phenotype oncogenic lesions in human tissue, whether precancerous, benign, or malignant. Here, we characterize the glucose transporter GLUT3/SLC2A3 as a biomarker of hypoxic prostate epithelial cells and prostate tumors. Transcriptomic analyses of non-tumorigenic, immortalized prostate epithelial cells revealed a highly significant increase in GLUT3 expression under hypoxia. Additionally, GLUT3 protein increased 2.4-fold in cultured hypoxic prostate cell lines and was upregulated within hypoxic regions of xenograft tumors, including two patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Finally, GLUT3 out-performs other established hypoxia markers; GLUT3 staining in PDX specimens detects 2.6–8.3 times more tumor area compared to a mixture of GLUT1 and CA9 antibodies. Therefore, given the heterogeneous nature of tumors, we propose adding GLUT3 to immunostaining panels when trying to detect hypoxic regions in prostate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Matthew R. Coope
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Emily Loertscher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Vignesh Bageerathan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.B.); (D.d.O.P.)
| | - Diogo de Oliveira Pessoa
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.B.); (D.d.O.P.)
| | - Noel A. Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Anne E. Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.C.); (M.P.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.C.); (M.P.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Gregory C. Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.C.); (E.L.); (N.A.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.C.); (M.P.); (G.C.R.)
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15
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Quader S, Kataoka K, Cabral H. Nanomedicine for brain cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114115. [PMID: 35077821 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CNS tumors remain among the deadliest forms of cancer, resisting conventional and new treatment approaches, with mortality rates staying practically unchanged over the past 30 years. One of the primary hurdles for treating these cancers is delivering drugs to the brain tumor site in therapeutic concentration, evading the blood-brain (tumor) barrier (BBB/BBTB). Supramolecular nanomedicines (NMs) are increasingly demonstrating noteworthy prospects for addressing these challenges utilizing their unique characteristics, such as improving the bioavailability of the payloadsviacontrolled pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, BBB/BBTB crossing functions, superior distribution in the brain tumor site, and tumor-specific drug activation profiles. Here, we review NM-based brain tumor targeting approaches to demonstrate their applicability and translation potential from different perspectives. To this end, we provide a general overview of brain tumor and their treatments, the incidence of the BBB and BBTB, and their role on NM targeting, as well as the potential of NMs for promoting superior therapeutic effects. Additionally, we discuss critical issues of NMs and their clinical trials, aiming to bolster the potential clinical applications of NMs in treating these life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 212-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 212-0821, Japan.
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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16
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Hypoxia increases expression of selected blood-brain barrier transporters GLUT-1, P-gp, SLC7A5 and TFRC, while maintaining barrier integrity, in brain capillary endothelial monolayers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:1. [PMID: 34983574 PMCID: PMC8725498 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) experience hypoxic conditions during early brain development. The newly formed capillaries are tight and functional before astrocytes and pericytes join the capillaries and establish the neurovascular unit. Brain endothelial cell phenotype markers P-gp (ABCB1), LAT-1(SLC7A5), GLUT-1(SLC2A1), and TFR(TFRC) have all been described to be hypoxia sensitive. Therefore, we hypothesized that monolayers of BCECs, cultured under hypoxic conditions, would show an increase in LAT-1, GLUT-1 and TFR expression and display tight endothelial barriers. Methods and results Primary bovine BCECs were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Chronic hypoxia induced HIF-1α stabilization and translocation to the nucleus, as judged by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning imaging. Endothelial cell morphology, claudin-5 and ZO-1 localization and barrier integrity were unaffected by hypoxia, indicating that the tight junctions in the BBB model were not compromised. SLC7A5, SLC2A1, and TFRC-mRNA levels were increased in hypoxic cultures, while ABCB1 remained unchanged as shown by real-time qPCR. P-gp, TfR and GLUT-1 were found to be significantly increased at protein levels. An increase in uptake of [3H]-glucose was demonstrated, while a non-significant increase in the efflux ratio of the P-gp substrate [3H]-digoxin was observed in hypoxic cells. No changes were observed in functional LAT-1 as judged by uptake studies of [3H]-leucine. Stabilization of HIF-1α under normoxic conditions with desferrioxamine (DFO) mimicked the effects of hypoxia on endothelial cells. Furthermore, low concentrations of DFO caused an increase in transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), suggesting that a slight activation of the HIF-1α system may actually increase brain endothelial monolayer tightness. Moreover, exposure of confluent monolayers to hypoxia resulted in markedly increase in TEER after 24 and 48 h, which corresponded to a higher transcript level of CLDN5. Conclusions Our findings collectively suggest that hypoxic conditions increase some BBB transporters' expression via HIF-1α stabilization, without compromising monolayer integrity. This may in part explain why brain capillaries show early maturation, in terms of barrier tightness and protein expression, during embryogenesis, and provides a novel methodological tool for optimal brain endothelial culture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-021-00297-6.
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17
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Vacek L, Dvorak A, Bechynska K, Kosek V, Elkalaf M, Trinh MD, Fiserova I, Pospisilova K, Slovakova L, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Polak J. Hypoxia Induces Saturated Fatty Acids Accumulation and Reduces Unsaturated Fatty Acids Independently of Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in L6 Myotubes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:663625. [PMID: 35360057 PMCID: PMC8963465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.663625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, characterized by repetitive episodes of tissue hypoxia, is associated with several metabolic impairments. Role of fatty acids and lipids attracts attention in its pathogenesis for their metabolic effects. Parallelly, hypoxia-induced activation of reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA) with reductive glutamine metabolism provides precursor molecules for de novo lipogenesis. Gas-permeable cultureware was used to culture L6-myotubes in chronic hypoxia (12%, 4% and 1% O2) with 13C labelled glutamine and inhibitors of glutamine uptake or rTCA-mediated lipogenesis. We investigated changes in lipidomic profile, 13C appearance in rTCA-related metabolites, gene and protein expression of rTCA-related proteins and glutamine transporters, glucose uptake and lactate production. Lipid content increased by 308% at 1% O2, predominantly composed of saturated fatty acids, while triacylglyceroles containing unsaturated fatty acids and membrane lipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositol) decreased by 20-70%. rTCA labelling of malate, citrate and 2-hydroxyglutarate increased by 4.7-fold, 2.2-fold and 1.9-fold in 1% O2, respectively. ATP-dependent citrate lyase inhibition in 1% O2 decreased lipid amount by 23% and increased intensity of triacylglyceroles containing unsaturated fatty acids by 56-80%. Lactate production increased with hypoxia. Glucose uptake dropped by 75% with progression of hypoxia from 4% to 1% O2. Protein expression remained unchanged. Altogether, hypoxia modified cell metabolism leading to lipid composition alteration and rTCA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Vacek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Dvorak
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bechynska
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vit Kosek
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Minh Duc Trinh
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Pospisilova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Slovakova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Polak,
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18
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The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of miRNAs in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111501. [PMID: 34829730 PMCID: PMC8614733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with a dismal prognosis and a high rate of recurrence and mortality. Therapeutic options are limited. In some cases, the distinction of ACCs from benign adrenal neoplasms with the existing widely available pathological and histopathological tools is difficult. Thus, new biomarkers have been tested. We conducted a review of the recent literature on the advances of the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of miRNAs on ACC patients. More than 10 miRNAs validated by multiple studies were found to present a diagnostic and prognostic role for ACC patients, from which miR-483-5p and miR-195 were the most frequently met biomarkers. In particular, upregulation of miR-483-5p and downregulation of miR-195 were the most commonly validated molecular alterations. Unfortunately, data on the therapeutic role of miRNA are still scarce and limited mainly at the experimental level. Thus, the role of miRNA regulation in ACC remains an area of active research.
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19
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Pliszka M, Szablewski L. Glucose Transporters as a Target for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164184. [PMID: 34439338 PMCID: PMC8394807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For mammalian cells, glucose is a major source of energy. In the presence of oxygen, a complete breakdown of glucose generates 36 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose. Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer; therefore, cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis, which generates only two molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose, and cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by cancer cells is due to increased expression of glucose transporters. However, overexpression of glucose transporters, promoting the process of carcinogenesis, and increasing aggressiveness and invasiveness of tumors, may have also a beneficial effect. For example, upregulation of glucose transporters is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. Therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method of treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, upregulation of glucose transporters, which are used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancers. Abstract Tumor growth causes cancer cells to become hypoxic. A hypoxic condition is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolism of cancer cells differs from metabolism of normal cells. Cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis as a source of ATP. Process of glycolysis generates only two molecules of ATP per one molecule of glucose, whereas the complete oxidative breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. Therefore, cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by these cells is due to overexpression of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, that are hypoxia responsive, as well as other glucose transport proteins. Increased expression of these carrier proteins may be used in anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. It is also suggested, and there are observations, that therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method in treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are described cases, in which upregulation of glucose transporters, as, for example, NIS, which is used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancer. The aim of this review is the presentation of possibilities, and how glucose transporters can be used in anticancer therapy.
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20
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Hadj-Moussa H, Chiasson S, Cheng H, Eaton L, Storey KB, Pamenter ME. MicroRNA-mediated inhibition of AMPK coordinates tissue-specific downregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism in hypoxic naked mole-rats. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271234. [PMID: 34374781 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats reduce their metabolic requirements to tolerate severe hypoxia. However, the regulatory mechanisms that underpin this metabolic suppression have yet to be elucidated. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular 'master' energy effector and we hypothesized that alterations in the AMPK pathway contribute to metabolic reorganization in hypoxic naked mole-rat skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, we exposed naked mole-rats to 4 h of normoxia (21% O2) or severe hypoxia (3% O2), while indirectly measuring whole-animal metabolic rate and fuel preference. We then isolated skeletal muscle and assessed protein expression and post-translational modification of AMPK, and downstream changes in key glucose and fatty acid metabolic proteins mediated by AMPK, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1), glycogen synthase (GS) and glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 4. We found that in hypoxic naked mole-rats (1) metabolic rate decreased ∼80% and fuel use switched to carbohydrates, and that (2) levels of activated phosphorylated AMPK and GS, and GLUT4 expression were downregulated in skeletal muscle, while ACC1 was unchanged. To explore the regulatory mechanism underlying this hypometabolic state, we used RT-qPCR to examine 55 AMPK-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short non-coding RNA post-transcriptional silencers. We identified changes in 10 miRNAs (three upregulated and seven downregulated) implicated in AMPK downregulation. Our results suggest that miRNAs and post-translational mechanisms coordinately reduce AMPK activity and downregulate metabolism in naked mole-rat skeletal muscle during severe hypoxia. This novel mechanism may support tissue-specific prioritization of energy for more essential organs in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Hadj-Moussa
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Sarah Chiasson
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7
| | - Hang Cheng
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7
| | - Liam Eaton
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
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21
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Abstract
The uncontrolled growth of blood vessels is a major pathological factor in human eye diseases that can result in blindness. This effect is termed ocular neovascularization and is seen in diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity. Current treatments for these diseases include laser photocoagulation, topical injection of corticosteroids, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents and vitreoretinal surgery. Although strategies to inhibit VEGF have proved to be dramatically successful in some clinical studies, there remains the possibility of significant adverse effects regarding the blockade of crucial physiological roles of VEGF and the invasive nature of the treatments. Moreover, it is evident that other pro-angiogenic factors also play important roles in the development of these diseases, as seen in cases in which anti-VEGF therapies have failed. Therefore, new types of effective treatments are required. In this review, we discuss a promising strategy for the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases, i.e., the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a master regulator of angiogenesis. We also summarize promising recently investigated HIF inhibitors as treatments for ocular diseases. This review will facilitate more comprehensive approaches to understanding the protective aspects of HIF inhibition in the prevention of ocular diseases.
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22
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Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Toor SM, Cyprian FS, Elkord E. Metabolic reprogramming of T regulatory cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2103-2121. [PMID: 33532902 PMCID: PMC8289790 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered as a hallmark of solid tumors, leading to changes in biosynthetic pathways favoring onset, survival and proliferation of malignant cells. Within the TME, hypoxic milieu favors metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, which subsequently affects biological properties of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. T regulatory cells (Tregs), including both circulating and tissue-resident cells, are particularly susceptible to hypoxic metabolic signaling that can reprogram their biological and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, metabolic reprogramming modifies Tregs to utilize alternative substrates and undergo a plethora of metabolic events to meet their energy demands. Major impact of this metabolic reprogramming can result in differentiation, survival, excessive secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and proliferation of Tregs within the TME, which in turn dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Studies on fine-tuning of Treg metabolism are challenging due to heterogenicity of tissue-resident Tregs and their dynamic functions. In this review, we highlight tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which can influence Treg metabolism in the hypoxic TME. Moreover, we focus on metabolic reprogramming of Tregs that could unveil potential regulatory networks favoring tumorigenesis/progression, and provide novel insights, including inhibitors against acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 and transforming growth factor beta into targeting Treg metabolism for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan S Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
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23
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Islam ABMMK, Khan MAAK. Lung transcriptome of a COVID-19 patient and systems biology predictions suggest impaired surfactant production which may be druggable by surfactant therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19395. [PMID: 33173052 PMCID: PMC7656460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind impairment of lung pathobiology by COVID-19 complicates its clinical management. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of cells obtained from biopsies of COVID-19-affected patient and compared to the effects observed in typical SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-infected cell-lines. We then compared gene expression patterns of COVID-19-affected lung tissues and SARS-CoV-2-infected cell-lines and mapped those to known lung-related molecular networks, including hypoxia induced responses, lung development, respiratory processes, cholesterol biosynthesis and surfactant metabolism; all of which are suspected to be downregulated following SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the observed symptomatic impairments. Network analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection might lead to acute lung injury in COVID-19 by affecting surfactant proteins and their regulators SPD, SPC, and TTF1 through NSP5 and NSP12; thrombosis regulators PLAT, and EGR1 by ORF8 and NSP12; and mitochondrial NDUFA10, NDUFAF5, and SAMM50 through NSP12. Furthermore, hypoxia response through HIF-1 signaling might also be targeted by SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Drug enrichment analysis of dysregulated genes has allowed us to propose novel therapies, including lung surfactants, respiratory stimulants, sargramostim, and oseltamivir. Our study presents a distinct mechanism of probable virus induced lung damage apart from cytokine storm.
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24
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Panahi M, Rodriguez PR, Fereshtehnejad SM, Arafa D, Bogdanovic N, Winblad B, Cedazo-Minguez A, Rinne J, Darreh-Shori T, Hase Y, Kalaria RN, Viitanen M, Behbahani H. Insulin-Independent and Dependent Glucose Transporters in Brain Mural Cells in CADASIL. Front Genet 2020; 11:1022. [PMID: 33101365 PMCID: PMC7522350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the human NOTCH3 gene. Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy is characterized by subcortical ischemic strokes due to severe arteriopathy and fibrotic thickening of small vessels. Blood regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) appear as the key target in CADASIL but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. With the hypothesis that brain glucose metabolism is disrupted in VSMCs in CADASIL, we investigated post-mortem tissues and VSMCs derived from CADASIL patients to explore gene expression and protein immunoreactivity of glucose transporters (GLUTs), particularly GLUT4 and GLUT2 using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. In vitro cell model analysis indicated that both GLUT4 and -2 gene expression levels were down-regulated in VSMCs derived from CADASIL patients, compared to controls. In vitro studies further indicated that the down regulation of GLUT4 coincided with impaired glucose uptake in VSMCs, which could be partially rescued by insulin treatment. Our observations on reduction in GLUTs in VSMCs are consistent with previous findings of decreased cerebral blood flow and glucose uptake in CADASIL patients. That impaired ability of glucose uptake is rescued by insulin is also consistent with previously reported lower proliferation rates of VSMCs derived from CADASIL subjects. Overall, these observations are consistent with the development of severe cerebral arteriopathy in CADASIL, in which VSMCs are replaced by widespread fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Panahi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donia Arafa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Neurogeriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Rinne
- University of Turku, Turku University Hospital Kiinanmyllynkatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatrics, Turun Kaupunginsairaala, University Hospital of Turku, University of Turku, Turku,Finland
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Digging deeper through glucose metabolism and its regulators in cancer and metastasis. Life Sci 2020; 264:118603. [PMID: 33091446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism enzymes and transporters play major role in cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we discuss glucose metabolism, transporters, receptors, hormones, oncogenes and tumor suppressors which interact with glucose metabolism and we try to discuss their major role in cancer development and cancer metabolism. We try to highlight the. Metabolic changes in cancer and metastasis upregulation of glycolysis is observed in many primary and metastatic cancers and aerobic glycolysis is the most favorable mechanism for glucose metabolism in cancer cells, and it is a kind of evolutionary change. The question that is posed at this juncture is: Can we use aerobic glycolysis phenotype and enzymes beyond this mechanism in estimating cancer prognosis and metastasis? Lactate is a metabolite of glucose metabolism and it is a key player in cancer and metastasis in both normoxic and hypoxic condition so lactate dehydrogenase can be a good prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, monocarboxylic transporter which is the main lactate transporter can be good target in therapeutic studies. Glycolysis enzymes are valuable enzymes in cancer and metastasis diagnosis and can be used as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Designing a diagnostic and prognostic profile for cancer metastasis seems to be possible base on glycolysis enzymes and glucose transporters. Also, glucose metabolism enzymes and agents can give us a clear vision in estimating cancer metastasis. We can promote a panel of genes that detect genetic changes in glucose metabolism agents to diagnose cancer metastasis.
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26
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Thomas S. The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter SemiSWEET. Pathog Immun 2020; 5:342-363. [PMID: 33154981 PMCID: PMC7608487 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the disease COVID-19 that has decimated the health and economy of our planet. The virus causes the disease not only in people but also in companion and wild animals. People with diabetes are at risk of the disease. As yet we do not know why the virus has been highly successful in causing the pandemic within 3 months of its first report. The structural proteins of SARS include membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), and the spike protein (S). METHODS The structure and function of the most abundant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, the membrane (M) glycoprotein, is not fully understood. Using in silico analyses we determined the structure and potential function of the M protein. RESULTS The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is 98.6% similar to the M protein of bat SARS-CoV, maintains 98.2% homology with pangolin SARS-CoV, and has 90% homology with the M protein of SARS-CoV; whereas, the similarity is only 38% with the M protein of MERS-CoV. In silico analyses showed that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a triple helix bundle, forms a single 3-trans-membrane domain, and is homologous to the prokaryotic sugar transport protein SemiSWEET. SemiSWEETs are related to the PQ-loop family whose members function as cargo receptors in vesicle transport, mediate movement of basic amino acids across lysosomal membranes, and are also involved in phospholipase flippase function. CONCLUSIONS The advantage and role of the M protein having a sugar transporter-like structure is not clearly understood. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with S, E, and N protein. The S protein of the virus is glycosylated. It could be hypothesized that the sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein influences glycosylation of the S protein. Endocytosis is critical for the internalization and maturation of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Sucrose is involved in endosome and lysosome maturation and may also induce autophagy, pathways that help in the entry of the virus. Overall, it could be hypothesized that the SemiSWEET sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein may be involved in multiple functions that may aid in the rapid proliferation, replication, and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Biological experiments would validate the presence and function of the SemiSWEET sugar transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Thomas
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA-19096, USA
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27
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Mamun AA, Hayashi H, Yamamura A, Nayeem MJ, Sato M. Hypoxia induces the translocation of glucose transporter 1 to the plasma membrane in vascular endothelial cells. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:44. [PMID: 32962633 PMCID: PMC10717486 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation are important for the survival and growth of endothelial cells. An increase of glucose uptake under hypoxia was previously shown to be associated with the increased expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs). However, the regulation of GLUT trafficking to the cell surface has not been examined in detail. Here, we report the characterization of GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane during hypoxia in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 12 h, which significantly induced GLUT1 expression and translocation to the plasma membrane. GLUT1 translocation was associated with a decrease of intracellular ATP by hypoxia. Decreasing ATP levels with antimycin-A and 2-deoxyglucose induced GLUT1 translocation under normoxia. The induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α under normoxia did not influence the cell surface expression of GLUT1 or cellular ATP concentration. Interestingly, the translocation of GLUT1 induced by hypoxia was inhibited by the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide, while the mitochondrial KATP channel inhibitor 5-HD did not influence GLUT1 translocation during hypoxia. These observations indicate that a decrease of intracellular ATP triggers GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane and is mediated by KATP channels, which would contribute to glucose uptake in HUVECs during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute-City, Aichi, 4801165, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute-City, Aichi, 4801165, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute-City, Aichi, 4801165, Japan
| | - Md Junayed Nayeem
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute-City, Aichi, 4801165, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute-City, Aichi, 4801165, Japan.
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28
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Al Bawab AQ, Zihlif M, Jarrar Y, Sharab A. Continuous Hypoxia and Glucose Metabolism: The Effects on Gene Expression in Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:511-519. [PMID: 32370732 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200506082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia (deprived oxygen in tissues) may induce molecular and genetic changes in cancer cells. OBJECTIVE To Investigate the genetic changes of glucose metabolism in breast cancer cell line (MCF7) after exposure to continuous hypoxia (10 and 20 cycles exposure of 72 hours continuously on a weekly basis). METHODS Gene expression of MCF7 cells was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reactionarray method. Furthermore, cell migration and wound healing assays were also applied. RESULTS It was found that 10 episodes of continuous hypoxia activated the Warburg effect in MCF7 cells, via the significant up-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis (ANOVA, p value < 0.05). The molecular changes were associated with the ability of MCF7 cells to divide and migrate. Interestingly, after 20 episodes of continuous hypoxia, the expression glycolysis mediated genes dropped significantly (from 30 to 9 folds). This could be attributed to the adaptive ability of cancer cells. CONCLUSION It is concluded that 10 hypoxic episodes increased the survival rate and aggressiveness of MCF7 cells and induced the Warburg effect by the up-regulation of the glycolysis mediating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Q Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Sharab
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
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29
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Senavirathna LK, Huang C, Pushparaj S, Xu D, Liu L. Hypoxia and transforming growth factor β1 regulation of long non-coding RNA transcriptomes in human pulmonary fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14343. [PMID: 31925944 PMCID: PMC6954122 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is accumulation of excess fibrous tissue in the lung, which leads to hypoxic conditions. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β is a major mediator that promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. However, how hypoxia and TGFβ together contribute the pathogenesis of IPF is poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have regulatory effects on certain genes and are involved in many diseases. In this study, we determined the effects of hypoxia and/or TGFβ on mRNA and lncRNA transcriptomes in pulmonary fibroblasts. Hypoxia and TGFβ1 synergistically increased myofibroblast marker expression. RNA sequencing revealed that hypoxia and TGFβ1 treatment resulted in significant changes in 669 lncRNAs and 2,676 mRNAs compared to 150 lncRNAs and 858 mRNAs in TGFβ1 alone group and 222 lncRNAs and 785 mRNAs in hypoxia alone group. TGFβ1 induced the protein expression of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α. On the other hand, hypoxia enhanced the TGFβ1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, suggesting a cross-talk between these two signaling pathways. In all, 10 selected lncRNAs (five-up and five-down) in RNA sequencing data were validated using real-time PCR. Two lncRNAs were primarily located in cytoplasm, three in nuclei and five in both nuclei and cytoplasm. The silencing of HIF-1α and Smad3, but not Smad2 and HIF-2α rescued the downregulation of FENDRR by hypoxia and TGFβ1. In conclusion, hypoxia and TGFβ1 synergistically regulate mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in several cellular processes, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmini K. Senavirathna
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious DiseasesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Lundberg‐Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Physiological SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious DiseasesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Lundberg‐Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Physiological SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious DiseasesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Lundberg‐Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Physiological SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Dao Xu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious DiseasesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Lundberg‐Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Physiological SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious DiseasesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Lundberg‐Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Physiological SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
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30
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Hypoxia-induced modulation of glucose transporter expression impacts 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:787-797. [PMID: 31832727 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the variable standard uptake value (SUV) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whether hypoxia-induced glucose transporter expression contributes to the progression of HCC and the rate of glycolysis in HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen HCC specimens obtained from patients who underwent pre-treatment staging with 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging were divided into high maximum SUV (SUVmax > 8) and low SUVmax (SUVmax < 5) groups and employed for whole-genome gene expression profiling using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. The relationship between SUVmax and the expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3) was further validated using immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in different HCC cells under hypoxia and normoxia conditions were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Glycolysis and FDG uptake by HCC cells were measured using the Seahorse XF glycolysis stress test and 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging. The effect of GLUT1 and GLUT3 on glucose uptake in HCC cells was examined using the fluorescent D-glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) followed by detection of fluorescence produced by the cells using flow cytometry. RESULTS Glucose transporters are differentially expressed between samples from HCC patients with high and low SUVmax. In particular, over-expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in high SUVmax patients was correlated with high glucose uptake and overall survival. The expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was significantly induced by hypoxia in different HCC cells. High expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in HCC cells were correlated with high rates of glycolysis and 18F-FDG uptake. Therefore, our data suggested that hypoxia-induced glucose transporters expression could result in the variations of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging and progression of HCC, contributing to more aggressive disease phenotypes like large tumor size, recurrence, and poor survival. CONCLUSION Over-expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 significantly increase glucose uptake in HCC cells. Hypoxia-induced glucose transporters expression may therefore be a contributing variable in 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging and progression in HCC.
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Wilson DF, Matschinsky FM. Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in brain: A case of hyperoxia induced hypoglycemic brain syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109375. [PMID: 31454640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen exposure is a recent hazzard for higher animals that originated as humans began underwater construction, exploration, and sports. Exposure can lead to abnormal brain EEG, convulsions, and death, the time to onset of each stage of pathology decreasing with increase in oxygen pressure. We provide evidence that hyperoxia, through oxidative phosphorylation, increases the energy state ([ATP]/[ADP][Pi]) of cells critical to providing glucose to cells behind the blood brain barrier (BBB). Brain cells without an absolute dependence on glucose metabolism; i.e. those having sufficient ATP synthesis using lactate and glutamate as oxidizable substrates, are not themselves very adversely affected by hyperoxia. The increased energy state and decrease in free [AMP], however, suppress glucose transport through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and into cells behind the BBB. Glucose has to pass in sequence through three steps of transport by facilitated diffusion and transporter activity for each step is regulated in part by AMP dependent protein kinase. The physiological role of this regulation is to increase glucose transport in response to hypoxia and/or systemic hypoglycemia. Hyperoxia, however, through unphysiological decrease in free [AMP] suppresses 1) glucose transport through the BBB (endothelial GLUT1 transporters) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 2) glucose transport from CSF into cells behind the BBB (GLUT3 transporters) and (GLUT4 transporters). Cumulative suppression of glucose transport results in local regions of hypoglycemia and induces hypoglycemic failure. It is suggested that failure is initiated at axons and synapses with insufficient mitochondria to meet their energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Sodium-glucose cotransporters: new targets of cancer therapy? Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 69:278-285. [PMID: 30864374 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose, the key source of metabolic energy, is imported into cells by two categories of transporters: 1) facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) and 2) secondary active sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Cancer cells have an increased demand for glucose uptake and utilisation compared to normal cells. Previous studies have demonstrated the overexpression of GLUTs, mainly GLUT1, in many cancer types. As the current standard positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (2-FDG) for imaging tumour cells via GLUT1 lacks in sensitivity and specificity, it may soon be replaced by the newly designed, highly sensitive and specific SGLT tracer α-methyl-4-(F-18)fluoro-4-deoxy-Dglucopyranoside (Me-4FDG) in clinical detection and tumour staging. This tracer has recently demonstrated the functional activity of SGLT in pancreatic, prostate, and brain cancers. The mRNA and protein expression of SGLTs have also been reported in colon/colorectal, lung, ovarian, head, neck, and oral squamous carcinomas. So far, SGLTs have been poorly investigated in cancer, and their protein expression and localisation are often controversial due to a lack of specific SGLT antibodies. In this review, we describe current knowledge concerning SGLT1 and SGLT2 (over)expression in various cancer types. The findings of SGLTs in malignant cells may help in developing novel cancer therapies with SGLT2 or SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors already used in diabetes mellitus treatment.
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Glucose transporter 1-mediated vascular translocation of nanomedicines enhances accumulation and efficacy in solid tumors. J Control Release 2019; 301:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Targeting cancer metabolism through synthetic lethality-based combinatorial treatment strategies. Curr Opin Oncol 2019; 30:338-344. [PMID: 29994904 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Targeting cancer metabolism for therapy has received much attention over the last decade with various small molecule inhibitors entering clinical trials. The present review highlights the latest strategies to target glucose and glutamine metabolism for cancer therapy with a particular emphasis on novel combinatorial treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Inhibitors of glucose, lactate, and glutamine transport and the ensuing metabolism are in preclinical to clinical trial stages of investigation. Recent advances in our understanding of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that dictate dependence on these targets have informed the development of rational, synthetic lethality-based strategies to exploit these metabolic vulnerabilities. SUMMARY Cancer cells exhibit a number of metabolic alterations with functional consequences beyond that of sustaining cellular energetics and biosynthesis. Elucidating context-specific metabolic dependencies and their connections to oncogenic signaling and epigenetic programs in tumor cells represents a promising approach to identify new metabolic drug targets for cancer therapy.
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Jha D, Mitra Mazumder P. High fat diet administration leads to the mitochondrial dysfunction and selectively alters the expression of class 1 GLUT protein in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1727-1736. [PMID: 30725350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an agglomeration of disorders including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and characterized as chronic mild inflammation which elevates the circulatory inflammatory markers. This could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hypoxia as a consequence of high fat diet (HFD) intake. The present study focuses on the effects of HFD on lactate and mitochondrial metabolism as well as tissue dependent changes in glucose transporter (GLUT) expression in liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue of mouse. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial dysfunction established the link between the occurrences of metabolic stress due to HFD. In this work, it was observed that chronic HFD administration aggravated the metabolic alterations by causing reduced ATP production, imbalanced oxidative stress and altered class 1 GLUTs expression. Chronic HFD significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities alongside elevated liver injury markers AST and ALT. This in turn causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio, mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated LDH levels. This imbalance further led to altered GLUT expression in hepatic cells, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. HFD significantly (p < 0.001) upregulated the GLUT 1 and 3 expressions while significant downregulated (p < 0.001) GLUT 2 and 4 expression in liver, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. These results revealed the link between class 1 GLUTs, mitochondrial dysfunction and HFD-induced metabolic disorder. It can be concluded that HFD impacts mitochondrial metabolism and reprograms tissue-dependent glucose transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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He S, Li J, Wang J, Zhang Y. Hypoxia exposure alleviates impaired muscular metabolism, glucose tolerance, and aerobic capacity in apelin-knockout mice. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:498-509. [PMID: 30868058 PMCID: PMC6396165 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude hypoxia adaptation can improve glucose tolerance in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ and has possible roles in energy metabolism. Apelin-null mice have been reported to exhibit impaired insulin sensitivity, which can be reversed by supplementation of exogenous apelin. Here, we examined the effects of 4 weeks' intermittent hypoxia exposure on physiological and biochemical variables in apelin knockout (KO) mice. Apelin KO mice exhibited decreased expression of substrate metabolism-associated genes/proteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and reduced exercise capacity compared to wild-type mice, and all of these effects were rescued by hypoxia. These findings suggest that hypoxia intervention may possibly be able to alleviate metabolic conditions caused by genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi He
- School of Sport ScienceBeijing Sport UniversityChina
| | - Junping Li
- School of Sport ScienceBeijing Sport UniversityChina
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and SciencesUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaAustralia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Sport ScienceBeijing Sport UniversityChina
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Nowak N, Kulma A, Gutowicz J. Up-regulation of Key Glycolysis Proteins in Cancer Development. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:569-581. [PMID: 33817128 PMCID: PMC7874691 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In rapid proliferating cancer cells, there is a need for fast ATP and lactate production, therefore cancer cells turn off oxidative phosphorylation and turn on the so called "Warburg effect". This regulating the expression of genes involved in glycolysis. According to many studies, glucose transporter 1, which supplies glucose to the cell, is the most abundantly expressed transporter in cancer cells. Hexokinase 2, is one of four hexokinase isoenzymes, is also another highly expressed enzyme in cancer cells and it functions to enhance the glycolytic rate. The up-regulation of these two proteins has been established as an important factor in promoting development and metastasis in many types of cancer. Furthermore, other enzymes involved in glycolysis pathway such as phosphoglucose isomerase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, exhibit additional functions in promoting tumor growth in a non-glycolytic way. This review demonstrates the pivotal role of GLUT1, HK2, PGI and GAPDH in cancer development. In particular, we look at how the multifunctional proteins, PGI and GAPDH, affect cancer cell survival. We also present various clinical cancer cases in terms of the overexpression of selected proteins, which may be considered as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nowak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Gutowicz
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Hirschler V, Maccallini G, Molinari C, Hidalgo M, Intersimone P, Gonzalez C. Type 2 diabetes markers in indigenous Argentinean children living at different altitudes. AIMS Public Health 2018; 5:440-453. [PMID: 30631785 PMCID: PMC6322993 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2018.4.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to hypoxia at high altitude is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors and altitude in two groups of Argentinean indigenous schoolchildren who live permanently at different altitudes. METHODS This cross-sectional study compared 142 schoolchildren from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), 3750 m above sea level, with 171 from Chicoana (CH), 1400 m. Data for children's anthropometry, blood pressure and lipids, as well as mothers' height and weight were assessed. RESULTS There was not a significant difference in age between SAC (9.0 + 2y) and CH (9.4 + 2y) children. However, mean children's weight (29 vs. 38 kg), height (130 vs. 138 cm), BMI (17 vs. 19 kg/m2), and HDL-C (46 vs. 48 mg/dL) were significantly lower in SAC than in CH, respectively. In contrast, systolic blood pressure (87 vs. 70 mmHg), cholesterol (157 vs. 148 mg/dL), and triglycerides (104 vs. 88 mg/dL) were significantly higher in SAC than in CH, respectively. There was not a significant difference in age (33.2 + 7y vs. 34.4 + 8y) and BMI (26.2 + 4y vs. 28 + 5y) between SAC and CH mothers. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that children's blood pressure (R2 = 0.38), triglycerides (R2 = 0.21), and HDL-C (R2 = 0.16) were significantly associated with altitude, adjusted for confounding variables. CONCLUSION This study shows that indigenous Argentinean children living at 3750 meters have higher T2D risk compared with those living at 1400 meters above sea level.
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Koufakis T, Karras SN, Mustafa OG, Zebekakis P, Kotsa K. The Effects of High Altitude on Glucose Homeostasis, Metabolic Control, and Other Diabetes-Related Parameters: From Animal Studies to Real Life. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 20:1-11. [PMID: 30362832 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2018.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high altitude activates several complex and adaptive mechanisms aiming to protect human homeostasis from extreme environmental conditions, such as hypoxia and low temperatures. Short-term exposure is followed by transient hyperglycemia, mainly triggered by the activation of the sympathetic system, whereas long-term exposure results in lower plasma glucose concentrations, mediated by improved insulin sensitivity and augmented peripheral glucose disposal. An inverse relationship between altitude, diabetes, and obesity has been well documented. This is the result of genetic and physiological adaptations principally to hypoxia that favorably affect glucose metabolism; however, the contribution of financial, dietary, and other life-style parameters may also be important. According to existing evidence, people with diabetes are capable of undertaking demanding physical challenges even at extreme altitudes. Still, a number of issues should be taken into account, including the increased physical activity leading to changes in insulin demands and resistance, the performance of measurement systems under extreme weather conditions and the potential deterioration of metabolic control during climbing expeditions. The aim of this review is to present available evidence in the field in a comprehensive way, beginning from the physiology of glucose homeostasis adaptation mechanisms to high altitudes and ending to what real life experience has taught us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Omar G Mustafa
- 2 Department of Diabetes, King's College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lv Q, Yang B, Ning C, Xie B, Nie G, Chen X, Chen Q. Hypoxia is involved in the reduction of HtrA3 in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2918-2923. [PMID: 30139517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) has recently become a major gynecological cancer and endometrial hyperplasia increases the risk for developing EC. Previous studies have reported that human high temperature requirement factor A3 (HtrA3), a member of ATP independent serine proteases family, is involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of HtrA3 function is unclear in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. In this study, we investigated that HtrA3 expression was reduced in endometrial hyperplasia as well as EC. The circulating levels of HtrA3 were also significantly reduced in both atypical hyperplasia and EC. Whether hypoxia is involved in the reduction of HtrA3 in EC was further investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of Glut1 and HtrA3 in type 1 and type 2 EC tissues showed the inverse correlation. And hypoxic condition reduced the expression of HtrA3. Furthermore, silencing HtrA3 promoted EC cell migration. Our study demonstrated the reduced levels of HtrA3 in endometrial hyperplasia including atypical hyperplasia which is a premalignant condition; and as the degree of hypoxia increases in EC, HtrA3 eventually loses its expression. Hypoxia is responsible for the reduction of HtrA3 which in turn promotes EC progression. These findings suggested that HtrA3 is an important adaptor in hypoxic regions that drives endometrial cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Lv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Bingyi Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Chengcheng Ning
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Bingying Xie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Guiying Nie
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Mechanistic insights into GLUT1 activation and clustering revealed by super-resolution imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7033-7038. [PMID: 29915035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803859115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT1, a plasma membrane protein that mediates glucose homeostasis in mammalian cells, is responsible for constitutive uptake of glucose into many tissues and organs. Many studies have focused on its vital physiological functions and close relationship with diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of its activation and transport are not clear, and its detailed distribution pattern on cell membranes also remains unknown. To address these, we first investigated the distribution and assembly of GLUT1 at a nanometer resolution by super-resolution imaging. On HeLa cell membranes, the transporter formed clusters with an average diameter of ∼250 nm, the majority of which were regulated by lipid rafts, as well as being restricted in size by both the cytoskeleton and glycosylation. More importantly, we found that the activation of GLUT1 by azide or MβCD did not increase its membrane expression but induced the decrease of the large clusters. The results suggested that sporadic distribution of GLUT1 may facilitate the transport of glucose, implying a potential association between the distribution and activation. Collectively, our work characterized the clustering distribution of GLUT1 and linked its spatial structural organization to the functions, which would provide insights into the activation mechanism of the transporter.
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Priyanka A, Shyni G, Anupama N, Raj PS, Anusree S, Raghu K. Development of insulin resistance through sprouting of inflammatory markers during hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and amelioration with curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Klarod K, Philippe M, Gatterer H, Burtscher M. Different training responses to eccentric endurance exercise at low and moderate altitudes in pre-diabetic men: a pilot study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017; 13:615-623. [PMID: 29276542 PMCID: PMC5729199 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed (a) to evaluate the effects of eccentric exercise training at low and moderate altitudes on physical fitness in pre-diabetic men and (b) to establish whether or not oxidative stress levels and antioxidant status were associated with performance improvements. In this crossover trial, five pre-diabetic men conducted nine downhill walking sessions (3 days/week, 3 consecutive weeks) at low altitude (from 1360 to 850 m) and one year later at moderate altitude (from 2447 to 2000 m). Exercise testing and the determination of parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were performed pre- and post-training. The biological antioxidant activity of plasma (BAP) increased after eccentric training at moderate altitude (p < 0.001), whereas diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs) remained unchanged. Also, the BAP/dROMs ratio increased only after training at moderate-altitude training (p = 0.009). Maximum power output improved after training at low altitude and the changes were significantly related to baseline BAP/dROMs ratio (r = 0.90). No decrease was seen for fasting plasma glucose. Eccentric exercise training in pre-diabetic men improved performance only when performed at low altitude and this improvement was positively related to the baseline BAP/dROMs ratio. In contrast, 3 weeks of eccentric exercise training increased BAP levels and the BAP/dROMs ratio only at moderate altitude without improving the performance. Thus, one might speculate that the BAP/dROMs ratio has to increase before performance improvements occur at moderate altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kultida Klarod
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand
| | - Marc Philippe
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Seleit I, Bakry OA, Al-Sharaky DR, Ragab RAA, Al-Shiemy SA. Evaluation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Glucose Transporter-1 Expression in Non Melanoma Skin Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC09-EC16. [PMID: 28764171 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25077.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a mediator enabling cell adaptation to hypoxia. It plays its role mainly through transcription of many target genes including Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) gene. AIM The present work aimed at evaluating the pattern and distribution of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in each case and control. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control and retrospective study was conducted on archival blocks diagnosed from pathology department as, Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC, 20 cases), cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC, 20 cases) and 20 normal site-matched skin biopsies from age and gender-matched healthy subjects as a control. Evaluation of both HIF-1α and GLUT1 expression using standard immunohistochemical techniques was performed on cut sections from selected paraffin embedded blocks. RESULTS HIF-1α was expressed in 90%, 35% and 100% of normal skin, BCC and SCC tumour islands respectively. It was up regulated in both BCC and SCC compared with normal skin (p= 0.001, p<0.001 respectively). GLUT-1 was expressed in 100%, 70% and 100% of normal skin, BCC and SCC tumour islands respectively. It was down regulated in Non Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) cases compared with normal skin (p=0.004). HIF-1α and GLUT-1 localization in tumour nests was central, peripheral or central and peripheral. Both HIF-1α and GLUT-1 showed variable expression in stroma, adnexa and inflammatory cells. No significant correlation was found between Histo (H) score or expression percentage values of HIF-1α and those of GLUT-1 in tumour islands or in overlying epidermis either in BCC or SCC. CONCLUSION HIF-1α may have a role in NMSC pathogenesis through adaptation to hypoxia which results from excessive proliferation. GLUT-1 down regulation in NMSC may be explained by its consumption by proliferating tumour cells. The expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in normal epidermis, stromal and adnexal structures needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Seleit
- Professor, Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Dalia Rifaat Al-Sharaky
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdel Aziz Ragab
- Resident, Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Ahmed Al-Shiemy
- Resident, Department of Dermatology, Andrology and S.T.Ds, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Guan R, Du L, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies to Target Glucose Metabolism in Tumor Microenvironment on Cancer by Flavonoids. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:534-554. [PMID: 28323500 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1295090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between glucose metabolism and cancer cell growth in tumor microenvironment (TME), which are closely related with the occurrence and progression of cancer. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that flavonoids exert many biological properties, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Recently, the roles and applications of flavonoids, particularly in relation to glucose metabolism in cancers, have been highlighted. Thus, the identification of flavonoids targeting alternative glucose metabolism pathways in TME may represent an attractive approach to the more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer. In this review, we will focus on the roles of flavonoids in regulating glucose metabolism and cancer cell growth in TME, such as proliferation advantage, cell mobility, and chemoresistance to cancer, as well as modifiers of thermal sensitivity. Not only have such large-scale endeavors been useful in providing fundamental insights into natural and synthesized flavonoids that can prevent and treat cancer, but also have led to the discovery of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Rui Guan
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Li Du
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Gao
- c Jiangsu University Health Science Center , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- c Jiangsu University Health Science Center , Jiangsu , China
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Priyanka A, Sindhu G, Shyni GL, Preetha Rani MR, Nisha VM, Raghu KG. Bilobalide abates inflammation, insulin resistance and secretion of angiogenic factors induced by hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by controlling NF-κB and JNK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 42:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sousa LMMDC, Silva RDS, Fonseca VUD, Leandro RM, Di Vincenzo TS, Alves-Wagner AB, Machado UF, Papa PDC. Is the canine corpus luteum an insulin-sensitive tissue? J Endocrinol 2016; 231:223-233. [PMID: 27679426 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine in the canine corpus luteum throughout the dioestrus (1) the influence of insulin on glucose uptake; (2) the regulation of genes potentially involved; and (3) the influence of hypoxia on glucose transporter expression and steroidogenesis, after treatment with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Glucose uptake by luteal cells increased 2.7 folds (P < 0.05) in response to insulin; a phenomenon related to increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). The gene expression of insulin receptor and SLC2A4 (codifier of GLUT4) genes after insulin stimulation increased on day 20 post ovulation (p.o.) and declined on day 40 p.o. (P < 0.05). Regarding potentially involved molecular mechanisms, the nuclear factor kappa B gene RELA was upregulated on days 30/40 p.o., when SLC2A4 mRNA was low, and the interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was upregulated in the first half of dioestrus, when SLC2A4 mRNA was high. CoCl2 in luteal cell cultures increased the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1A/HIF1A and the SLC2A4/GLUT4 expression, and decreased progesterone (P4) production and hydroxyl-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta (HSD3B) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). This study shows that the canine luteal cells are responsive to insulin, which stimulates glucose uptake in AKT/GLUT4-mediated pathway; that may be related to local activity of RELA and IL6. Besides, the study reveals that luteal cells under hypoxia activate HIF1A-modulating luteal function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These data indicate that insulin regulates luteal cells' glucose disposal, participating in the maintenance and functionality of the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Dos Santos Silva
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Uemura da Fonseca
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magdanelo Leandro
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Senna Di Vincenzo
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Bárbara Alves-Wagner
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Carvalho Papa
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Simpson EJ, Debevec T, Eiken O, Mekjavic I, Macdonald IA. PlanHab: the combined and separate effects of 16 days of bed rest and normobaric hypoxic confinement on circulating lipids and indices of insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:947-55. [PMID: 26769956 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00897.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PlanHab is a planetary habitat simulation study. The atmosphere within future space habitats is anticipated to have reduced Po2, but information is scarce as to how physiological systems may respond to combined exposure to moderate hypoxia and reduced gravity. This study investigated, using a randomized-crossover design, how insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and circulating lipids were affected by 16 days of horizontal bed rest in normobaric normoxia [NBR: FiO2 = 0.209; PiO2 = 133.1 (0.3) mmHg], horizontal bed rest in normobaric hypoxia [HBR: FiO2 = 0.141 (0.004); PiO2 = 90.0 (0.4) mmHg], and confinement in normobaric hypoxia combined with daily moderate intensity exercise (HAMB). A mixed-meal tolerance test, with arterialized-venous blood sampling, was performed in 11 healthy, nonobese men (25-45 yr) before (V1) and on the morning ofday 17of each intervention (V2). Postprandial glucose and c-peptide response were increased at V2 of both bed rest interventions (P< 0.05 in each case), with c-peptide:insulin ratio higher at V2 in HAMB and HBR, both in the fed and fasted state (P< 0.005 in each case). Fasting total cholesterol was reduced at V2 in HAMB [-0.47 (0.36) mmol/l;P< 0.005] and HBR [-0.55 (0.41) mmol/l;P< 0.005]. Fasting HDL was lower at V2 in all interventions, with the reduction observed in HBR [-0.30 (0.21) mmol/l] greater than that measured in HAMB [-0.13 (0.14) mmol/l;P< 0.005] and NBR [-0.17 (0.15) mmol/l;P< 0.05]. Hypoxia did not alter the adverse effects of bed rest on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance but appeared to increase insulin clearance. The negative effect of bed rest on HDL was compounded in hypoxia, which may have implications for long-term health of those living in future space habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Simpson
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Kerridge C, Kozlova DI, Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ. Hypoxia Affects Neprilysin Expression Through Caspase Activation and an APP Intracellular Domain-dependent Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:426. [PMID: 26617481 PMCID: PMC4643132 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While gene mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins lead to an accumulation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the brain causing neurodegeneration and familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), over 95% of all AD cases are sporadic. Despite the pathologies being indistinguishable, relatively little is known about the mechanisms affecting generation of Aβ in the sporadic cases. Vascular disorders such as ischaemia and stroke are well established risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases and systemic hypoxic episodes have been shown to increase Aβ production and accumulation. We have previously shown that hypoxia causes a significant decrease in the expression of the major Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) which might deregulate Aβ clearance. Aβ itself is derived from the transmembrane APP along with several other biologically active metabolites including the C-terminal fragment (CTF) termed the APP intracellular domain (AICD), which regulates the expression of NEP and some other genes in neuronal cells. Here we show that in hypoxia there is a significantly increased expression of caspase-3, 8, and 9 in human neuroblastoma NB7 cells, which can degrade AICD. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we have revealed that there was also a reduction of AICD bound to the NEP promoter region which underlies the decreased expression and activity of the enzyme under hypoxic conditions. Incubation of the cells with a caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK could rescue the effect of hypoxia on NEP activity protecting the levels of AICD capable of binding the NEP promoter. These data suggest that activation of caspases might play an important role in regulation of NEP levels in the brain under pathological conditions such as hypoxia and ischaemia leading to a deficit of Aβ clearance and increasing the risk of development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kerridge
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; Neuroscience, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre Surrey, UK
| | - Daria I Kozlova
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia N Nalivaeva
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anthony J Turner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
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Riskin A, Mond Y. Prolactin-induced Subcellular Targeting of GLUT1 Glucose Transporter in Living Mammary Epithelial Cells. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2015; 6:RMMJ.10223. [PMID: 26886772 PMCID: PMC4624082 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the biological pathways involved in mammalian milk production during lactation could have many clinical implications. The mammary gland is unique in its requirement for transport of free glucose into the cell for the synthesis of lactose, the primary carbohydrate in milk. OBJECTIVE To study GLUT1 trafficking and subcellular targeting in living mammary epithelial cells (MEC) in culture. METHODS Immunocytochemistry was used to study GLUT1 hormonally regulated subcellular targeting in human MEC (HMEC). To study GLUT1 targeting and recycling in living mouse MEC (MMEC) in culture, we constructed fusion proteins of GLUT1 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed them in CIT3 MMEC. Cells were maintained in growth medium (GM), or exposed to secretion medium (SM), containing prolactin. RESULTS GLUT1 in HMEC localized primarily to the plasma membrane in GM. After exposure to prolactin for 4 days, GLUT1 was targeted intracellularly and demonstrated a perinuclear distribution, co-localizing with lactose synthetase. The dynamic trafficking of GFP-GLUT1 fusion proteins in CIT3 MMEC suggested a basal constitutive GLUT1 recycling pathway between an intracellular pool and the cell surface that targets most GLUT1 to the plasma membrane in GM. Upon exposure to prolactin in SM, GLUT1 was specifically targeted intracellularly within 90-110 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest intracellular targeting of GLUT1 to the central vesicular transport system upon exposure to prolactin. The existence of a dynamic prolactin-induced sorting machinery for GLUT1 could be important for transport of free glucose into the Golgi for lactose synthesis during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieh Riskin
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Bruce & Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Section of Neonatology and ARS/USDA Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Yehudit Mond
- Visualization Laboratory, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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