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Lee JY, Shin HH, Cho C, Ryu JH. Effect of Tannic Acid Concentrations on Temperature-Sensitive Sol-Gel Transition and Stability of Tannic Acid/Pluronic F127 Composite Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:256. [PMID: 38667675 PMCID: PMC11048884 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in polyphenol-containing composite adhesives for various biomedical applications has been growing. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound with advantageous properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, TA contains multiple hydroxyl groups that exhibit biological activity by forming hydrogen bonds with proteins and biomacromolecules. Furthermore, TA-containing polymer composites exhibit excellent tissue adhesion properties. In this study, the gelation behavior and adhesion forces of TA/Pluronic F127 (TA/PluF) composite hydrogels were investigated by varying the TA and PluF concentrations. PluF (above 16 wt%) alone showed temperature-responsive gelation behavior because of the closely packed micelle aggregates. After the addition of a small amount of TA, the TA/PluF hydrogels showed thermosensitive behavior similar to that of PluF hydrogels. However, the TA/PluF hydrogels containing more than 10 wt% TA completely suppressed the thermo-responsive gelation kinetics of PluF, which may have been due to the hydrogen bonds between TA and PluF. In addition, TA/PluF hydrogels with 40 wt% TA showed excellent tissue adhesion properties and bursting pressure in porcine intestinal tissues. These results are expected to aid in understanding the use of mixtures of TA and thermosensitive block copolymers to fabricate adhesive hydrogels for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yun Lee
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Ho Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Smart Convergence Materials Analysis Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Smart Convergence Materials Analysis Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Marquez L, Lee Y, Duncan D, Whitesell L, Cowen LE, Quave C. Potent Antifungal Activity of Penta- O-galloyl-β-d-Glucose against Drug-Resistant Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Other Non- albicans Candida Species. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1685-1694. [PMID: 37607350 PMCID: PMC10496123 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Among fungal pathogens, infections by drug-resistant Candida species continue to pose a major challenge to healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the bioactive natural product, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida albicans, MDR Candida auris, and other MDR non-albicans Candida species. Here, we show that PGG has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25-8 μg mL-1 (0.265-8.5 μM) against three clinical strains of C. auris and a MIC of 0.25-4 μg mL-1 (0.265-4.25 μM) against a panel of other MDR Candida species. Our cytotoxicity studies found that PGG was well tolerated by human kidney, liver, and epithelial cells with an IC50 > 256 μg mL-1 (>272 μM). We also show that PGG is a high-capacity iron chelator and that deletion of key iron homeostasis genes in C. albicans rendered strains hypersensitive to PGG. In conclusion, PGG displayed potent anti-Candida activity with minimal cytotoxicity for human cells. We also found that the antifungal activity of PGG is mediated through an iron-chelating mechanism, suggesting that the compound could prove useful as a topical treatment for superficial Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Marquez
- Molecular
and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Jones
Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia 39870, United States
| | - Yunjin Lee
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Dustin Duncan
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Cassandra Quave
- Center
for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Wen C, Dechsupa N, Yu Z, Zhang X, Liang S, Lei X, Xu T, Gao X, Hu Q, Innuan P, Kantapan J, Lü M. Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:4856. [PMID: 37375411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a natural hydrolyzable gallotannin abundant in various plants and herbs. It has a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities, and numerous molecular targets. Despite multiple studies available on the pharmacological action of PGG, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PGG are unclear. Here, we have critically reviewed the natural sources of PGG, its anticancer properties, and underlying mechanisms of action. We found that multiple natural sources of PGG are available, and the existing production technology is sufficient to produce large quantities of the required product. Three plants (or their parts) with maximum PGG content were Rhus chinensis Mill, Bouea macrophylla seed, and Mangifera indica kernel. PGG acts on multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer to inhibit growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of several cancers. Moreover, PGG can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by modulating various cancer-associated pathways. Therefore, PGG can be used for treating different human cancers; nevertheless, the data on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PGG are limited, and further studies are essential to define the clinical use of PGG in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xianying Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolan Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Phattarawadee Innuan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muhan Lü
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Liu J, Li X, Bai H, Yang X, Mu J, Yan R, Wang S. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of the root bark of Paeonia x suffruticosa andrews: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116279. [PMID: 36822345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moutan Cortex (MC), commonly known as "Mu dan pi", refers to the dried root bark of Paeonia x suffruticosa Andrews and is broadly used as a traditional herbal medication in China, Japan, and Korea. For thousands of years, it has been utilized to treat female genital, extravasated blood, cardiovascular, and stagnant blood disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review article was to summarize information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of MC, as well as to outline the further research directions for the development of new drugs and the associations between traditional uses and pharmacological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information involved in the study was gathered from a variety of electronic resources, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Google Scholar. The date was from 1992 to 2022. RESULTS Approximately 163 chemical compounds have been extracted and identified from MC, including monoterpenes, monoterpene glycosides, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, volatile oils, alkaloids, and others. In these categories, the monoterpene glycosides and phenols being the most common. A wide variety of pharmacological effects have been described for MC crude extracts and active molecules, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral, antitumor, antidiabetic, organ protection, and neuroprotective activities, as well as treating cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacokinetics has been also used in the study of MC, including its crude extracts or chemical constituents, in order to explore the therapeutic mechanism, direct clinically appropriate application and provide new ideas for the exploitation of innovative medicines. CONCLUSION Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that MC, as a significant therapeutic resource, has the ability to heal a wide range of diseases, particularly female genital and cardiovascular problems. These researches propose therapeutic ideas for the development of novel MC medicines. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical study have verified several observed pharmacological properties related with the traditional usages of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Liu
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Huixin Bai
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jun Mu
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ruonan Yan
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Ekiert H, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A. Paeonia × suffruticosa (Moutan Peony)-A Review of the Chemical Composition, Traditional and Professional Use in Medicine, Position in Cosmetics Industries, and Biotechnological Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233379. [PMID: 36501418 PMCID: PMC9739549 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to perform a systematic review of scientific papers and an in-depth analysis of the latest research related to Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews as a valuable plant species, important in pharmacy and cosmetology. P. × suffruticosa bark root-Moutan cortex is a medicinal raw material formerly known from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but less common in official European medicine. It was introduced for the first time in the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 in 2018. In this work, the numerous possible applications of this raw material were depicted based on modern professional pharmacological studies documenting its very valuable medicinal values, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities. The scientific studies indicated that the profile of raw material activity is mainly due to paeonol, paeoniflorin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose. Moreover, the significance of this plant (its different organs) in the production of cosmetics was underlined. P. × suffruticosa finds increasing application in cosmetology due to research on its chronic dermatitis, anti-aging and brightening effects. Furthermore, some biotechnological research has been described aimed at developing effective in vitro micropropagation protocols for P. × suffruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, al. IX Wieków Kielc 19a, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
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Zeng J, Han J, Liu Z, Yu M, Li H, Yu J. Pentagalloylglucose disrupts the PALB2-BRCA2 interaction and potentiates tumor sensitivity to PARP inhibitor and radiotherapy. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fan CW, Tang J, Jiang JC, Zhou MM, Li MS, Wang HS. Pentagalloylglucose suppresses the growth and migration of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells via the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154192. [PMID: 35636179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of malignant squamous cell tumour originating from the nasopharynx epithelium. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exerts anticancer effects in many types of tumours. However, the role and underlying mechanism of PGG in NPC cells have not been fully defined. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of PGG as well as the potential mechanism in NPC cells. METHODS The effects of PGG on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of CNE1 and CNE2 cells were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry assays. Cell migration was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was used to explore the levels of related proteins and signalling pathway components. Furthermore, the effects of PGG on NPC cell growth were analysed in a xenograft mouse model in vivo using cisplatin as a positive control. RESULTS PGG dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 cells. PGG regulated the cell cycle by altering p53, cyclin D1, CDK2, and cyclin E1 protein levels. PGG induced apoptosis and autophagy in NPC cells and elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the protein levels of LC3B. Moreover, PGG decreased NPC cell migration by increasing E-cadherin and decreasing N-cadherin, vimentin and CD44 protein levels. Mechanistically, PGG treatment downregulated p-mTOR and β-catenin expression but upregulated p-p38 MAPK and p-GSK3β expression. In addition, PGG significantly inhibited NPC cell tumour growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION PGG may suppress cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and decrease the metastatic capacity of NPC cells through the p38 MAPK/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. The present study provides evidence for PGG as a potential therapy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Wen Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China; Research Center for Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jing-Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Mei-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Mei-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Sugier P, Sęczyk Ł, Sugier D. Variation in Population and Solvents as Factors Determining the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Leaf Extracts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072247. [PMID: 35408643 PMCID: PMC9000281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. has a long history of ethnopharmacological use. This species has been used in folk medicine for centuries as a rich source of raw material abundant in secondary metabolites and is important for medicinal and pharmacological purposes. The plant is a source of herbal material—Uvae ursi folium, which is highly valued and sought by pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The studied bearberry leaves can be classified as a suitable herbal material for use in pharmacy; therefore, the investigated populations can be a potentially valuable source of plant material for cultivation and can be used in in vitro cultures and in biotechnological processes. The objective of this study was to characterize the variability of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of water and ethanol bearberry extracts from raw material collected from different natural populations. In each of the twelve A. uva-ursi sites, three leaf samples were collected and analyzed. The water extracts from bearberry leaves were characterized by similar concentration of arbutin (77.64–105.56 mg g−1) and a significantly higher concentration of hydroquinone (6.96–13.08 mg g−1) and corilagin (0.83–2.12 mg g−1) in comparison with the ethanol extracts −77.21–103.38 mg g−1, 10.55–16.72 mg g−1, 0.20–1.54 mg g−1, respectively. The concentration of other metabolites in the water extracts was significantly lower in comparison with the ethanol extracts. In the case of the water extracts, a significant effect of not only total phenolic compounds, but also hydroquinone on the antioxidant parameters, was observed, which indicates the solvent-related activity of these metabolites. Therefore, it is suggested that special attention should be paid to the concentration of not only arbutin, but also hydroquinone in Uvae ursi folium. The latter metabolite serving a very important function as an active bearberry ingredient should be controlled not only in alcoholic extracts but also in water extracts, since bearberry leaves are applied as infusions and decoctions. The results presented in this paper can contribute to appropriate selection of plant material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, with special emphasis on the antioxidant activity of different types of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sugier
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-5375016
| | - Łukasz Sęczyk
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Danuta Sugier
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (D.S.)
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Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. Spreng. at the Southern Border of the Geographical Range of the Species in Europe. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247692. [PMID: 34946773 PMCID: PMC8707569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. Spreng.) is a source of herbal material—bearberry leaf (Uvae ursi folium), which is highly valued and sought by pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For many years, leaves of this plant have been used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory agent for various diseases of the urogenital tract. The bearberry has also been proposed as a natural antioxidant additive due to the high contents of phenolic compounds in its leaves. The study was focused on characterization of the basic phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts derived from bearberry leaves collected from plants located at the southern border of the geographical range of the species in Europe. The investigated herbal material is characterized by a different chemical profile compared to the chemical profiles of bearberry found in other parts of the continent. Bearberry extracts from plants growing in two different habitat types—heathlands and pine forests showed a wide range of variation, especially in the concentration of hyperoside, corilagin, and methylartutin and the total flavonoid contents. In addition to arbutin, bearberry can be a valuable source of phenolic compounds, which are mainly responsible for the antioxidant properties of extracts. The high content of phenols and high values of antioxidant parameters indicate a high potential of bearberry leaves to be used as a powerful natural source of antioxidants in herbal preparations. Therefore, the A. uva-ursi populations can be a source of plant material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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Phytochemicals in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment-Review on the Current Trends of Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158279. [PMID: 34361048 PMCID: PMC8348618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor of pleura arising in response to asbestos fibers exposure. MPM is frequently diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease and causes poor prognostic outcomes. From the clinical perspective, MPM is resistant to conventional treatment, thus challenging the therapeutic options. There is still demand for improvement and sensitization of MPM cells to therapy in light of intensive clinical studies on chemotherapeutic drugs, including immuno-modulatory and targeted therapies. One way is looking for natural sources, whole plants, and extracts whose ingredients, especially polyphenols, have potential anticancer properties. This comprehensive review summarizes the current studies on natural compounds and plant extracts in developing new treatment strategies for MPM.
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Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose ( Oenothera paradoxa) Inhibits Invasion Properties of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111574. [PMID: 33228230 PMCID: PMC7699585 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from the defatted evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok) seeds are the source of a range of stable polyphenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. Our studies evaluate, for the first time, the influence of evening primrose isopropanol extract (EPE) on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells. MPM is rarely diagnosed, its high aggressiveness and frequently noted chemoresistance limit its treatment schemes and it is characterized by low prognostic features. Here, we demonstrate that EPE inhibited MPM growth in a dose-dependent manner in cells with increased invasion properties. Moreover, EPE treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and increased apoptosis in invasive MPM cell lines. Additionally, EPE strongly limited invasion and MMP-7 secretion in MPM cancer cells. Our original data provide evidence about the potential anti-invasive effects of EPE in MPM therapy treatment.
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Zhang B, Yu D, Luo N, Yang C, Zhu Y. Four active monomers from Moutan Cortex exert inhibitory effects against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:373-384. [PMID: 32830144 PMCID: PMC7445476 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid extracted from Moutan Cortex had been reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. This work aimed to illustrate the potential anti-oxidative mechanism of monomers in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells-induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to evaluate whether the hepatoprotective effect of monomers was independence or synergy in mice stimulated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Monomers protected against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells in a doseresponse manner by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and activating the antioxidative pathway of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling pathway. We found that the in vitro antioxidant capacities of paeonol and quercetin were better than those of β-sitosterol and gallic acid. Furthermore, paeonol apparently diminished the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, augmented the contents of glutathione and SOD, promoted the expressions of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins in mice stimulated by CCl4. In HepG2 cells, paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid play a defensive role against H2O2-induced oxidative stress through activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, indicating that these monomers have anti-oxidative properties. Totally, paeonol and quercetin exerted anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects, which is independent rather than synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Nanxuan Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
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14
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Yang Y, Li SS, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu XN, Wang LS. Characterization of phytochemicals in the roots of wild herbaceous peonies from China and screening for medicinal resources. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112331. [PMID: 32146385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia Radix Rubra (PRR) is a very common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The roots of Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii are used for the production of PRR. However, other species of section Paeonia in China are also used to produce PRR. The roots of section Paeonia from 20 populations of seven species and two subspecies in China were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF- MS). A total of 21 metabolites were identified, including nine monoterpene glycosides, seven tannins, three phenols, one paeonol and one flavonoid. There were significant differences in the composition and content of metabolites among different populations. The relative contents of monoterpene glycosides and tannins were generally higher in most samples. Cluster analysis showed that 20 populations could be divided into four groups. Among them, the populations of P. lactiflora and Paeonia mairei were clustered together in one group. The content of paeoniflorin in P. lactiflora was high (>22.20 mg g-1, dry weight, the same below), and the content of lactiflorin in P. mairei (>17.50 mg g-1) was significantly higher than in other species (<2.30 mg g-1). The monoterpene glycoside content in P. mairei (>51.60 mg g-1) was significantly higher than in other species (<43.40 mg g-1), suggesting that it could be useful medicinal germplasm for the development of monoterpene glycosides. In addition, some populations of Paeonia emodi, Paeonia sterniana and P. mairei may also be used as potential germplasm resources for use in PRR. Genetic and environmental factors resulted in differences in the composition and content of metabolites in different populations of the same species. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider the origin of Paeonia germplasm when selecting medicinal materials to be used as resources for the production of PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Xiao-Nan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liang-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Time segment scanning-based quasi-multiple reaction monitoring mode by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for quantitative determination of herbal medicines: Moutan Cortex, a case study. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Shavandi A, Bekhit AEDA, Saeedi P, Izadifar Z, Bekhit AA, Khademhosseini A. Polyphenol uses in biomaterials engineering. Biomaterials 2018; 167:91-106. [PMID: 29567389 PMCID: PMC5973878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are micronutrients obtained from diet that have been suggested to play an important role in health. The health benefits of polyphenols and their protective effects in food systems as antioxidant compounds are well known and have been extensively investigated. However, their functional roles as a "processing cofactor" in tissue engineering applications are less widely known. This review focuses on the functionality of polyphenols and their application in biomaterials. Polyphenols have been used to stabilize collagen and to improve its resistance to degradation in biological systems. Therefore, they have been proposed to improve the performance of biomedical devices used in cardiovascular systems by improving the mechanical properties of grafted heart valves, enhancing microcirculation through the relaxation of the arterial walls and improving the capillary blood flow and pressure resistance. Polyphenols have been found to stimulate bone formation, mineralization, as well as the proliferation, differentiation, and the survival of osteoblasts. These effects are brought about by the stimulatory effect of polyphenols on osteoblast cells and their protective effect against oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, polyphenols inhibit the differentiation of the osteoclast cells. Collectively, these actions lead to promote bone formation and to reduce bone resorption, respectively. Moreover, polyphenols can increase the cross-linking of dentine and hence its mechanical stability. Overall, polyphenols provide interesting properties that will stimulate further research in the bioengineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | | | - Pouya Saeedi
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Tseeleesuren D, Kant R, Yen CH, Hsiao HH, Chen YMA. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta- O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside Inhibits Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma Cells Accompanied with Suppression of MYC Expression. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29472861 PMCID: PMC5810280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) still remains an incurable disease, therefore discovery of novel drugs boosts the therapeutics for MM. The natural compound 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PGG) has been shown to exhibit antitumor activities against various cancer cells. Here, we aim to evaluate antitumor effects of PGG on MM cell lines. PGG inhibited the growth of three different MM cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed that PGG treatment caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. It also induced apoptosis which was indicated by significant increases of Annexin V positive cells, caspase 3/7 activity, and cleaved caspase 3 expression in PGG treated MM cell. Since MYC is frequently hyperactivated in MM and inhibition of MYC leads to MM cell death. We further demonstrated that PGG decreased MYC expression in protein and mRNA levels and reversed the mRNA expression of MYC target genes such as p21, p27, and cyclin D2. In addition, PGG also reduced protein expression of DEPTOR which is commonly overexpressed in MM. Unexpectedly, PGG antagonized the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib in the combination treatment. However, PGG treatment sensitized MM cells to another proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, MYC inhibitor JQ1 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib on MM cells. Our findings raised concerns about the combinatory use of bortezomib with particular types of chemicals. The evidence also provide useful insights into the combination of MYC and proteasome-inhibitors for MM therapy. Finally, PGG has a therapeutic potential for treatment of MM and further development is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duurenjargal Tseeleesuren
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Kant
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming A Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Metabolite characterization of Penta- O -galloyl-β- D -glucose in rat biofluids by HPLC-QTOF-MS. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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19
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Regulation of SIRT1/AMPK axis is critically involved in gallotannin-induced senescence and impaired autophagy leading to cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:241-257. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Bae S, Kim SY, Do MH, Lee CH, Song YJ. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose, a bioactive compound in Elaeocarpus sylvestris extract, inhibits varicella-zoster virus replication. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:266-272. [PMID: 28668556 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ESE) on varicella-zoster virus (VZV) replication and identify the specific bioactive component(s) underlying its activity. ESE induced a significant reduction in replication of the clinical strain of VZV. Activity-guided fractionation indicated that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of ESE contains the active compound(s) inhibiting VZV replication. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis of the EtOAc fraction of ESE facilitated the identification of 13 chemical components. Among these, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose (PGG) markedly suppressed VZV-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, expression of viral immediate-early 62 (IE62) protein and VZV replication. Our results collectively support the utility of PGG as a potential candidate anti-viral drug to treat VZV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Bae
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Kyeonggi-Do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Moon Ho Do
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Kyeonggi-Do, 13120, South Korea.
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21
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Wang Z, He C, Peng Y, Chen F, Xiao P. Origins, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Analytical Methods and Safety of Cortex Moutan (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew): A Systematic Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E946. [PMID: 28590441 PMCID: PMC6152737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortex Moutan (CM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treating various diseases in China and other eastern Asian countries. Recorded in Pharmacopeias of several countries, CM is now drawing increasing attention and under extensive studies in various fields. Phytochemical studies indicate that CM contains many valuable secondary metabolites, such as monoterpene glycosides and phenols. Ample evidence from pharmacological researches suggest that CM has a wide spectrum of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, various analytical methods were established for the quality evaluation and safety control of CM. This review synopsizes updated information concerning the origins, phytochemistry, pharmacology, analytical method and safety of CM, aiming to provide favorable references for modern CM research and application. In conclusion, continuing pharmacological investigations concerning CM should be conducted to unravel its pharmacological mechanisms. Further researches are necessary to obtain comprehensive and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establish harmonized criteria of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feihu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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22
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Chun K, Kim SO, Lee SH. Analgesic effects of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose in an animal model of lipopolysaccharide-induced pain. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1264-70. [PMID: 27600119 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the analgesic effects of 1,2,3, 4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (β-PGG), a prototypical gallotannin, in an animal model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced pain. To evaluate the analgesic activity of β-PGG, we assessed the potential of β-PGG to inhibit the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stressed RAW 264.7 cells, and found that β-PGG inhibits NO generation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effects of β-PGG on the voluntary movements of LPS-exposed animals were evaluated. The results showed that the voluntary movements of animals were markedly recovered after β-PGG treatment. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (1.33±0.38-fold) and IL-6 (0.64±0.40-fold) in the brain tissue of β-PGG-treated animals markedly decreased compared with that observed in the control groups (3.86±0.91 and 2.45±1.12-fold, respectively) and in the other LPS-administered groups. The results showed that β-PGG has potential to alleviate pain, not only by decreasing cellular NO generation in RAW 264.7 cells but also by the recovery of voluntary movement lost owing to inflammatory pain. This suggests that β-PGG is comparable to ibuprofen, which was used as a positive control in this study. Collectively, these findings suggest that β-PGG is a valuable natural compound which possesses analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Oh Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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23
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Riham OB, Reham W, Noha S, Ibrahim ES. Characterization of the bioactive constituents of Nymphaea alba rhizomes and evaluation of anti-biofilm as well as antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Ismail T, Calcabrini C, Diaz AR, Fimognari C, Turrini E, Catanzaro E, Akhtar S, Sestili P. Ellagitannins in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8050151. [PMID: 27187472 PMCID: PMC4885066 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is universally accepted that diets rich in fruit and vegetables lead to reduction in the risk of common forms of cancer and are useful in cancer prevention. Indeed edible vegetables and fruits contain a wide variety of phytochemicals with proven antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and chemopreventive activity; moreover, some of these phytochemicals also display direct antiproliferative activity towards tumor cells, with the additional advantage of high tolerability and low toxicity. The most important dietary phytochemicals are isothiocyanates, ellagitannins (ET), polyphenols, indoles, flavonoids, retinoids, tocopherols. Among this very wide panel of compounds, ET represent an important class of phytochemicals which are being increasingly investigated for their chemopreventive and anticancer activities. This article reviews the chemistry, the dietary sources, the pharmacokinetics, the evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and the anticancer activity of ET with regard to the most sensitive tumors, as well as the mechanisms underlying their clinically-valuable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan; (T.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 26, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (E.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Diaz
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 26, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (E.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (E.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (E.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan; (T.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 26, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-722-303-414
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25
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Kant R, Yen CH, Lu CK, Lin YC, Li JH, Chen YMA. Identification of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as a Glycine N-Methyltransferase Enhancer by High-Throughput Screening of Natural Products Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050669. [PMID: 27153064 PMCID: PMC4881495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) expression is vastly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). High rates of GNMT knockout mice developed HCC, while overexpression of GNMT prevented aflatoxin-induced carcinogenicity and inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed for the identification of a GNMT inducer for HCC therapy. We established a GNMT promoter-driven luciferase reporter assay as a drug screening platform. Screening of 324 pure compounds and 480 crude extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs resulted in the identification of Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PL) extract and the active component 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (PGG) as a GNMT inducer. Purified PL extract and PGG induced GNMT mRNA and protein expression in Huh7 human hepatoma cells and in xenograft tumors. PGG and PL extract had potent anti-HCC effects both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PGG treatment induced apoptosis in Huh7 cells. Moreover, PGG treatment sensitized Huh7 cells to sorafenib treatment. Therefore, these results indicated that identifying a GNMT enhancer using the GNMT promoter-based assay might be a useful approach to find drugs for HCC. These data also suggested that PGG has therapeutic potential for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center (CHY), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for natural products and Drug Development (CHY), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Heng Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research and Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Gao Y, He C, Ran R, Zhang D, Li D, Xiao PG, Altman E. The resveratrol oligomers, cis- and trans-gnetin H, from Paeonia suffruticosa seeds inhibit the growth of several human cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:24-33. [PMID: 25862967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (PSE) is a well-known Chinese medicine that has been widely used as an anti-tumor, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent. cis- and trans-gnetin H are two resveratrol oligomers isolated from the seeds of PSE. Although resveratrol is widely considered to be one of the most valuable natural chemopreventive agents and there are numerous studies on the antitumor activities of resveratrol, little is known about the antitumor properties of cis- and trans-gnetin H. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of cis- and trans-gnetin H in different human cancer cell lines were assessed using fluorescent viability tests. Cytotoxicity in human lung and breast cancer cells was detected via nuclear condensation, cell permeability, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm). Apoptosis in human lung and breast cancer cells was assessed by flow cytometry, a luminescence assay and high-content screening analysis. Finally, a xenograft mice model was used to examine the efficacy of cis-gnetin H on lung tumors. RESULTS cis- and trans-gnetin H have superior activity in inhibiting the proliferation of four human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), BT20 (breast), MCF-7 (breast) and U2OS (osteosarcoma), and promote cell apoptosis, while having a minimal effect on two normal human epithelial cell lines, HPL1A (lung) and HMEC (breast) used as controls. cis- and trans-gnetin H promote apoptosis by releasing mitochondria cytochrome c, activating caspase 3/7 and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Flow cytometry analysis shows that cis- or trans-gnetin H arrested the cell cycle of cancer cells at the G0-G1 phase. Moreover, cis-gnetin H suppressed the growth of xenograft lung tumors in mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate the promise of the natural compounds cis- and trans-gnetin H as candidates for cancer chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Ran Ran
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Elliot Altman
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research and the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
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1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloylglucose within Galla Chinensis Inhibits Human LDH-A and Attenuates Cell Proliferation in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:276946. [PMID: 25918543 PMCID: PMC4396556 DOI: 10.1155/2015/276946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of aggressive malignancy is the overexpression of lactic acid dehydrogenase- (LDH-) A, concomitant to pericellular accumulation of lactate. In a recent high-throughput screening, we identified Rhus chinensis (Mill.) gallnut (RCG) (also known as Galla Chinensis) extract as a potent (IC50 < 1 µg/mL) inhibitor of human LDH-A (hLDH-A). In this study, through bioactivity guided fractionation of the crude extract, the data demonstrate that penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) was a primary constituent responsible for hLDH-A inhibition, present at ~9.95 ± 0.34% dry weight. Theoretical molecular docking studies of hLDH-A indicate that PGG acts through competitive binding at the NADH cofactor site, effects confirmed by functional enzyme studies where the IC50 = 27.32 nM was reversed with increasing concentration of NADH. Moreover, we confirm protein expression of hLDH-A in MDA-231 human breast carcinoma cells and show that PGG was toxic (LC50 = 94.18 µM), parallel to attenuated lactic acid production (IC50 = 97.81 µM). In a 72-hour cell proliferation assay, PGG was found to be a potent cytostatic agent with ability to halt cell division (IC50 = 1.2 µM) relative to paclitaxel (IC50 < 100 nM). In summary, these findings demonstrate that PGG is a potent hLDH-A inhibitor with significant capacity to halt proliferation of human breast cancer cells.
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The synthesis and antitumor activity of twelve galloyl glucosides. Molecules 2015; 20:2034-60. [PMID: 25633333 PMCID: PMC6272398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve galloyl glucosides 1-12, showing diverse substitution patterns with two or three galloyl groups, were synthesized using commercially available, low-cost D-glucose and gallic acid as starting materials. Among them, three compounds, methyl 3,6-di-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (9), ethyl 2,3-di-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (11) and ethyl 2,3-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), are new compounds and other six, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (1), 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (2), 1,2-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3), 1,3-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (4), 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose (6) and methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (10), were synthesized for the first time in the present study. In in vitro MTT assay, 1-12 inhibited human cancer K562, HL-60 and HeLa cells with inhibition rates ranging from 64.2% to 92.9% at 100 μg/mL, and their IC50 values were determined to be varied in 17.2-124.7 μM on the tested three human cancer cell lines. In addition, compounds 1-12 inhibited murine sarcoma S180 cells with inhibition rates ranging from 38.7% to 52.8% at 100 μg/mL in the in vitro MTT assay, and in vivo antitumor activity of 1 and 2 was also detected in murine sarcoma S180 tumor-bearing Kunming mice using taxol as positive control.
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Biological and biomedical functions of Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose and its derivatives. J Nat Med 2014; 68:465-72. [PMID: 24532420 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) is a simple hydrolysable tannin in plants. PGG exists in two anomeric forms, α-PGG and β-PGG. While β-PGG can be found in a wide variety of plants, α-PGG is rather rare in nature. Numerous studies with β-PGG revealed a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-microbial and anti-cancer functions. Until recently, studies with α-PGG were limited by the lack of its availability. Since the development of an efficient chemical synthesis of the compound, several investigations have revealed its anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-platelet-coagulation functions. Based on structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies with α-PGG, a variety of α-PGG-related novel compounds were synthesized and some of them have been shown to possess promising therapeutic activities. In this review, the authors will survey and evaluate the biological functions of PGG with a focus on α-PGG and its derivatives.
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Alzoubi K, Honisch S, Abed M, Lang F. Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 6:54-65. [PMID: 24368324 PMCID: PMC3920249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose from several medicinal herbs triggers apoptosis and has, thus, been proposed for treatment of malignancy. The substance is at least partially effective through caspase activation. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis is triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). The sensitivity to [Ca2+]i is enhanced by ceramide. The present study explored whether penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates eryptosis. Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin-release, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence and ceramide abundance from fluorescent antibodies. A 48-h exposure of human erythrocytes to penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose significantly decreased forward scatter (50 µM) and significantly increased annexin V binding (10 µM). Up to 50 µM penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose did not significantly modify [Ca2+]i. However, the effect of penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) induced annexin V binding was slightly, but significantly, blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, pointing to sensitization of erythrocytes to the scrambling effect of Ca2+. Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) further increased ceramide formation. In conclusion, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect partially due to stimulation of ceramide formation with subsequent sensitization of erythrocytes to Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstraße 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Dong Y, Yin S, Jiang C, Luo X, Guo X, Zhao C, Fan L, Meng Y, Lu J, Song X, Zhang X, Chen N, Hu H. Involvement of autophagy induction in penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose-induced senescence-like growth arrest in human cancer cells. Autophagy 2013; 10:296-310. [PMID: 24389959 DOI: 10.4161/auto.27210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that autophagy plays important and paradoxical roles in carcinogenesis, while senescence is considered to be a crucial tumor-suppressor mechanism in cancer prevention and treatment. In the present study we demonstrated that both autophagy and senescence were induced in response to penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), a chemopreventive polyphonolic compound, in multiple types of cancer cells. Analysis of these 2 events over the experimental time course indicated that autophagy and senescence occurred in parallel early in the process and dissociated later. The long-term culture study suggested that a subpopulation of senescent cells may have the capacity to reenter the cell cycle. Inhibition of autophagy by either a chemical inhibitor or RNA interference led to a significant reduction of PGG-induced senescence, followed by induction of apoptosis. These results suggested that autophagy promoted senescence induction by PGG and that PGG might exert its anticancer activity through autophagy-mediated senescence. For the first time, these findings uncovered the relationships among autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis induced by PGG. In addition, we identified that unfolded protein response signaling played a pivotal role in the autophagy-mediated senescence phenotype. Furthermore, our data showed that activation of MAPK8/9/10 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/9/10/c-Jun N-terminal kinases) was an essential upstream signal for PGG-induced autophagy. Finally, the key in vitro results were validated in vivo in a xenograft mouse model of human HepG2 liver cancer. Our findings provided novel insights into understanding the mechanisms and functions of PGG-induced autophagy and senescence in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy; Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy; Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Xiaohe Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Yubing Meng
- Nanyang Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanyang, Henan China
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy; Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources; China Agricultural University; Beijing, China
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Ha DT, Phuong TT, Oh J, Bae K, Thuan ND, Na M. Palbinone from Paeonia suffruticosa
Protects Hepatic Cells via Up-regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1. Phytother Res 2013; 28:308-11. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Ha
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials; 3B QuangTrung Hoankiem Hanoi Vietnam
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Thi Phuong
- College of Pharmacy; Chonnam University; Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy; The University of Mississippi; University MS 38677 USA
| | - KiHwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | | | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
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Mohan CG, Viswanatha GL, Savinay G, Rajendra CE, Halemani PD. 1,2,3,4,6 Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, a bioactivity guided isolated compound from Mangifera indica inhibits 11β-HSD-1 and ameliorates high fat diet-induced diabetes in C57BL/6 mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:417-426. [PMID: 23353053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica (MEMI) was subjected to bioactivity guided fractionation in order to identify the active antidiabetic constituent. 32 fractions were evaluated for possible 11β-HSD-1 inhibition activity under in vitro conditions. The EA-7/8-9/10-4 fraction was evolved as a most potent fraction among all the fractions and it was identified as well known gallotannin compound 1,2,3,4,6 penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) by spectral analysis. Based on these results the PGG was further evaluated in ex vivo 11β-HSD-1 inhibition assay and high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes in male C57BL/6 mice. Single dose (10, 25, 50 and 100mg/kg) of PGG and carbenoxolone (CBX) have dose dependently inhibited the 11β-HSD-1 activity in liver and adipose tissue. Furthermore, HFD appraisal to male C57BL/6 mice caused severe hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated levels of plasma corticosterone and insulin, increased liver and white adipose mass with increase in body weight was observed compare to normal control. Also, oral glucose tolerance was significantly impaired compare to normal control. Interestingly, post-treatment with PGG for 21 days had alleviated the HFD-induced biochemical alterations and improved oral glucose tolerance compare to HFD-control. In conclusion, the PGG isolated from MEMI inhibits 11β-HSD-1 activity and ameliorates HFD-induced diabetes in male C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Mohan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Government College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
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Krelle AC, Okoli AS, Mendz GL. Huh-7 Human Liver Cancer Cells: A Model System to Understand Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.42078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kwon TR, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Sohn EJ, Jung JH, Kim JH, Jung DB, Lu J, Kim SH. Reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of JNK and down-regulation of DAXX are critically involved in penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:530-7. [PMID: 22771329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) was well known to have antitumor activities in breast, prostate, kidney, liver cancers and HL-60 leukemia via regulation of caspase 3, p53, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and insulin receptor signaling, the underlying mechanism of PGG-induced apoptosis linked with reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and DAXX was never elucidated in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells until now. Herein PGG significantly decreased the viability of CML cell lines such as K562 and KBM-5 without hurting normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PGG increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the sub-G1 cell population as well as activated caspase cascades including caspase-8, -9 and -3 in K562 cells. Interestingly, a significant activation of JNK by PGG was observed by MULTIPLEX assay and Western blotting. Conversely, JNK inhibitor D-JNKi suppressed the cleavages of caspase 3 and PARP induced by PGG in K562 cells. Also, PGG dramatically enhanced generation of ROS and reduced the expression of death-domain-associated protein (DAXX). Of note, ROS inhibitor acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reversed JNK-dependent apoptosis and DAXX inhibition induced by PGG. Overall, these findings suggest that ROS-dependent JNK activation and DAXX downregulation are critically involved in PGG-induced apoptosis in K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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González-Sarrías A, Yuan T, Seeram NP. Cytotoxicity and structure activity relationship studies of maplexins A–I, gallotannins from red maple (Acer rubrum). Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1369-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aqueous Extract of Paeonia suffruticosa Inhibits Migration and Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing VEGFR-3 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:409823. [PMID: 22454663 PMCID: PMC3291499 DOI: 10.1155/2012/409823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells are characterized by strong drug resistance and high metastatic incidence. In this study, the effects of ten kinds of Chinese herbs on RCC cell migration and proliferation were examined. Aqueous extract of Paeonia suffruticosa (PS-A) exerted strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration, mobility, and invasion. The results of mouse xenograft experiments showed that the treatment of PS-A significantly suppressed tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. We further found that PS-A markedly decreased expression of VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and phosphorylation of FAK in RCC cells. Moreover, the activation of Rac-1, a modulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, was remarkably reduced by PS-A. Additionally, PS-A suppressed polymerization of actin filament as demonstrated by confocal microscopy analysis and decreased the ratio of F-actin to G-actin in RCC cells, suggesting that PS-A inhibits RCC cell migration through modulating VEGFR-3/FAK/Rac-1 pathway to disrupt actin filament polymerization. In conclusion, this research elucidates the effects and molecular mechanism for antimigration of PS-A on RCC cells and suggests PS-A to be a therapeutic or adjuvant strategy for the patients with aggressive RCC.
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Sánchez-Tena S, Fernández-Cachón ML, Carreras A, Mateos-Martín ML, Costoya N, Moyer MP, Nuñez MJ, Torres JL, Cascante M. Hamamelitannin from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) displays specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:26-33. [PMID: 22216935 DOI: 10.1021/np200426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) bark is a rich source of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins reported to exert a protective action against colon cancer. The present study characterizes different witch hazel tannins as selective cytotoxic agents against colon cancer. To cover the structural diversity of the tannins that occur in H. virginiana bark, the hydrolyzable tannins, hamamelitannin and pentagalloylglucose, together with a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (F800H4) were selected for the study. Treatment with these compounds reduced tumor viability and induced apoptosis, necrosis, and S-phase arrest in the cell cycle of HT29 cells, with hamamelitannin being the most efficient. Owing to polyphenol-mediated H(2)O(2) formation in the incubation media, the antiproliferative effect was determined in the presence and absence of catalase to rule out any such interference. The presence of catalase significantly changed the IC(50) only for F800H4. Furthermore, at concentrations that inhibit the growth of HT29 cells by 50%, hamamelitannin had no harmful effects on NCM460 normal colonocytes, whereas pentagalloylglucose inhibited both cancerous and normal cell growth. Using the TNPTM assay, we identified a highly reactive phenolic position in hamamelitannin, which may explain its efficacy at inhibiting colon cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Massimi M, Tomassini A, Sciubba F, Sobolev AP, Devirgiliis LC, Miccheli A. Effects of resveratrol on HepG2 cells as revealed by 1H-NMR based metabolic profiling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Ryu HG, Jeong SJ, Kwon HY, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Lee MH, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via reactive oxygen species reduction in renal epithelial cells and enhances antitumor activity in Caki-2 renal cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:206-14. [PMID: 22172427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin shows limited therapeutic efficacy due to serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we demonstrate that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) has protective effects against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in normal human primary renal epithelial cells (HRCs) while showing synergistic effect against cisplatin-induced cell death in human Caki-2 renal cancer cells. PGG significantly blocked cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity and reduced cisplatin-induced sub-G1 accumulation in HRCs. Consistently, PGG reduced the number of apoptotic cell populations by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Live/Dead assays in cisplatin-treated HRCs. Furthermore, PGG suppressed PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation, cytochrome c release, up-regulation of bax and p53 in cisplatin-treated HRCs. Moreover, PGG attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated by cisplatin treatment, suggesting that PGG prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation in HRCs. Notably, PGG significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and PARP cleavage in cisplatin-treated Caki-2 renal cancer cells. Combination Index (CI) revealed synergism between PGG and cisplatin in Caki-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest the dual effects of PGG as a protective supplement against cisplatin-induced toxicity in normal renal cells and a combination chemotherapeutic drug with cisplatin in renal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Geon Ryu
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Yu WS, Jeong SJ, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song HS, Kim MS, Ko E, Lee HJ, Khil JH, Jang HJ, Kim YC, Bae H, Chen CY, Kim SH. The genome-wide expression profile of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: molecular target on cancer metabolism. Mol Cells 2011; 32:123-32. [PMID: 21614488 PMCID: PMC3887664 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-2254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a polyphenolic compound isolated from Rhus chinensis Mill. PGG has been known to have anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. The present study revealed another underlying molecular target of PGG in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by using Illumina Human Ref-8 expression BeadChip assay. Through the Beadstudio v3 micro assay program to compare the identified genes expressed in PGG-treated MDA-MB-231 cells with untreated control, we found several unique genes that are closely associated with pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tyrosine metabolism, including PC, ACSS2, ACACA, ACYP2, ALDH3B1, FBP1, PRMT2 and COMT. Consistent with microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed the significant down-regulation of these genes at mRNA level in PGG-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest the potential of PGG as anticancer agent for breast cancer cells by targeting cancer metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Yu
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo Sook Song
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- College of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Eunjung Ko
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chang Yan Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Beretta G, Artali R, Caneva E, Maffei Facino R. Conformation of the tridimensional structure of 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) by (1)H NMR, NOESY and theoretical study and membrane interaction in a simulated phospholipid bilayer: a first insight. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:132-136. [PMID: 21322008 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound found in substantial amounts in a number of medicinal herbs. We report (i) its conformational analysis by solution NMR and molecular dynamics calculation and (ii) theoretical study of its interaction with a model membrane bilayer. The galloyl groups B and E appear to play important roles in the interaction with the phospholipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 'Pietro Pratesi', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, Italy.
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Yin S, Dong Y, Li J, Lü J, Hu H. Penta-1,2,3,4,6-O
-galloyl-beta-D
-glucose induces senescence-like terminal S-phase arrest in human hepatoma and breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:592-600. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Djakpo O, Yao W. Rhus chinensis and Galla Chinensis--folklore to modern evidence: review. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1739-47. [PMID: 20564459 PMCID: PMC7167973 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The species Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae) is an important representative of the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. Rhus chinensis has long been used by folk medicine practitioners in Asia. Leaves, roots, stem, bark, fruit and particularly the galls on Rhus chinensis leaves, Galla chinensis, are recognized to have preventative and therapeutic effects on different ailments (such as diarrhea, dysentery, rectal and intestinal cancer, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, oral diseases and inflammation). However, it is critical to separate evidence from anecdote. Fortunately, recent scientific research has revealed that Rhus chinensis compounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Moreover, compounds isolated from the stem of Rhus chinensis significantly suppressed HIV-1 activity in vitro. Compounds from this plant were also found to inhibit enamel demineralization in vitro and enhance remineralization of dental enamel with fluoride. This review highlights claims from traditional and tribal medicinal lore and makes a contemporary summary of phytochemical, biological and pharmacological findings on this plant material. It aims to show that the pharmaceutical potential of this plant deserves closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Djakpo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Food Safety and Quality Control Laboratory, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
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45
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Li L, Shaik AA, Zhang J, Nhkata K, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xing C, Kim SH, Lü J. Preparation of penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from tannic acid and plasma pharmacokinetic analyses by liquid-liquid extraction and reverse-phase HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 54:545-50. [PMID: 20970943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gallotannin penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) has many biological activities including in vivo anti-cancer efficacy. We present in this paper a scaled-up protocol for its preparation in high purity from tannic acid by acidic methanolysis with typical yield of 15%. We also describe a method for the analysis of PGG in mouse plasma by HPLC and its application in preliminary pharmacokinetic studies. A liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) protocol was optimized for the extraction of PGG from mouse plasma. The extraction efficiency for PGG at 1 μg/mL in mouse plasma was 70.0±1.3% (n=5). The limit of detection (LOD) for PGG was approximately 0.2 μg/mL. Preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters of PGG following a single i.p. injection with 5% ethanol/saline vehicle in mice were established. The peak plasma PGG concentrations (C(max)) were approximately 3-4 μM at a dose of 0.5 mg per mouse (∼20 mg/kg) at 2 h post-injection (T(max)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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46
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He CN, Peng Y, Zhang YC, Xu LJ, Gu J, Xiao PG. Phytochemical and biological studies of paeoniaceae. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:805-38. [PMID: 20397219 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J. Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2066-80. [PMID: 19575286 PMCID: PMC2822717 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals. Several in vitro and a handful of in vivo studies have shown that PGG exhibits multiple biological activities which implicate a great potential for PGG in the therapy and prevention of several major diseases including cancer and diabetes. Chemically and functionally, PGG appears to be distinct from its constituent gallic acid or tea polyphenols. For anti-cancer activity, three published in vivo preclinical cancer model studies with PGG support promising efficacy to selectively inhibit malignancy without host toxicity. Potential mechanisms include anti-angiogenesis; anti-proliferative actions through inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis, S-phase arrest, and G(1) arrest; induction of apoptosis; anti-inflammation; and anti-oxidation. Putative molecular targets include p53, Stat3, Cox-2, VEGFR1, AP-1, SP-1, Nrf-2, and MMP-9. For anti-diabetic activity, PGG and analogues appear to improve glucose uptake. However, very little is known about the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of PGG, or its toxicity profile. The lack of a large quantity of highly pure PGG has been a bottleneck limiting in vivo validation of cancer preventive and therapeutic efficacies in clinically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann E. Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056
| | - Junxuan Lü
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Piao MJ, Kang KA, Zhang R, Ko DO, Wang ZH, Lee KH, Chang WY, Chae S, Jee Y, Shin T, Park JW, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Antioxidant properties of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose from Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Lee JH, Yehl M, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Lieske JC. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose attenuates renal cell migration, hyaluronan expression, and crystal adhesion. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 606:32-7. [PMID: 19374853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals bind avidly to the surface of proliferating and migrating renal endothelial cells, and oxalate-induced peroxidative injury can promote crystal attachment to renal epithelial cells. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), isolated from a traditional herbal remedy, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and has antioxidant activity. This study was performed to determine if PGG altered calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal adhesion to cells, perhaps via a change in cell surface properties. PGG significantly decreased COM crystal adhesion to cultured MDCK I cells at a low concentration (<10 microM) which was not cytotoxic. PGG exerted anti-adhesion effects whether cells or crystals were pre-coated. PGG also inhibited cell migration after scrape-wounding, decreased subsequent adhesion of crystals to proliferating and migrating cells, and decreased expression of the crystal binding molecule hyaluronan. These findings suggest that PGG represents a potential urolithiasis prevention compound. Anti-crystal adhesion effects appear multifaceted involving crystal coating by PGG, as well as decreased cell migration and the associated surface expression of hyaluronan. The latter represents a novel mechanism of nephrolithiasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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50
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Kashofer K, Tschernatsch MM, Mischinger HJ, Iberer F, Zatloukal K. The disease relevance of human hepatocellular xenograft models: molecular characterization and review of the literature. Cancer Lett 2008; 286:121-8. [PMID: 19111389 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years a number of new therapeutics has been developed that were not general toxins and inhibitors of cell division like classical chemotherapeutics, but were designed to target a specific pathway. A prerequisite for this development was the comprehensive characterization of molecular alterations occurring in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, while much knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of human HCC has been gained, the model systems used to test the functional relevance of these alterations and applied for preclinical evaluation of drug candidates are still poorly characterized. In this paper, we reviewed the literature about several commonly used HCC cell lines and xenotransplantation models and present our own data on the molecular characterization of these. Results obtained demonstrate that it is important to have a sound knowledge of the specific molecular constitution of the experimental model and to carefully evaluate the functional status of the pathway of interest. For this reason, we make the gene expression profiles publicly available to help researchers making an informed decision about which model to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kashofer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
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