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Adams JW, Vinokur A, de Souza JS, Austria C, Guerra BS, Herai RH, Wahlin KJ, Muotri AR. Loss of GTF2I promotes neuronal apoptosis and synaptic reduction in human cellular models of neurodevelopment. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113867. [PMID: 38416640 PMCID: PMC11002531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by hemizygous loss of 26-28 genes at 7q11.23, characteristically portray a hypersocial phenotype. Copy-number variations and mutations in one of these genes, GTF2I, are associated with altered sociality and are proposed to underlie hypersociality in WS. However, the contribution of GTF2I to human neurodevelopment remains poorly understood. Here, human cellular models of neurodevelopment, including neural progenitors, neurons, and three-dimensional cortical organoids, are differentiated from CRISPR-Cas9-edited GTF2I-knockout (GTF2I-KO) pluripotent stem cells to investigate the role of GTF2I in human neurodevelopment. GTF2I-KO progenitors exhibit increased proliferation and cell-cycle alterations. Cortical organoids and neurons demonstrate increased cell death and synaptic dysregulation, including synaptic structural dysfunction and decreased electrophysiological activity on a multielectrode array. Our findings suggest that changes in synaptic circuit integrity may be a prominent mediator of the link between alterations in GTF2I and variation in the phenotypic expression of human sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Annabelle Vinokur
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janaína S de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles Austria
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruno S Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Schmitt I, Evert BO, Sharma A, Khazneh H, Murgatroyd C, Wüllner U. The Alpha-Synuclein Gene (SNCA) is a Genomic Target of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2)-Implications for Parkinson's Disease and Rett Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03974-3. [PMID: 38429622 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a prominent role for alpha-synuclein (a-syn) in neuronal cell function. Alterations in the levels of cellular a-syn have been hypothesized to play a critical role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, mechanisms that control expression of the gene for a-syn (SNCA) in cis and trans as well as turnover of a-syn are not well understood. We analyzed whether methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a protein that specifically binds methylated DNA, thus regulating transcription, binds at predicted binding sites in intron 1 of the SNCA gene and regulates a-syn protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSA) were used to confirm binding of MeCP2 to regulatory regions of SNCA. Site-specific methylation and introduction of localized mutations by CRISPR/Cas9 were used to investigate the binding properties of MeCP2 in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. The significance of MeCP2 for SNCA regulation was further investigated by overexpressing MeCP2 and mutated variants of MeCP2 in MeCP2 knockout cells. We found that methylation-dependent binding of MeCP2 at a restricted region of intron 1 of SNCA had a significant impact on the production of a-syn. A single nucleotide substitution near to CpG1 strongly increased the binding of MeCP2 to intron 1 of SNCA and decreased a-syn protein expression by 60%. In contrast, deletion of a single nucleotide closed to CpG2 led to reduced binding of MeCP2 and significantly increased a-syn levels. In accordance, knockout of MeCP2 in SK-N-SH cells resulted in a significant increase in a-syn production, demonstrating that SNCA is a genomic target for MeCP2 regulation. In addition, the expression of two mutated MeCP2 variants found in Rett syndrome (RTT) showed a loss of their ability to reduce a-syn expression. This study demonstrates that methylation of CpGs and binding of MeCP2 to intron 1 of the SNCA gene plays an important role in the control of a-syn expression. In addition, the changes in SNCA regulation found by expression of MeCP2 variants carrying mutations found in RTT patients may be of importance for the elucidation of a new molecular pathway in RTT, a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in MECP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hassan Khazneh
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chris Murgatroyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Ranga U, Panchapakesan A, Saini C. HIV-1 subtypes and latent reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:87-92. [PMID: 38169308 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We explore the current status of research on HIV-1 subtype-specific variations and their impact on HIV-1 latency. We also briefly address the controversy surrounding the decision-making process governing the ON/OFF states of HIV-1 transcription, specifically focusing on the regulatory elements, the long terminal repeat (LTR), and Tat. Understanding the decision-making process is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies, such as the 'shock-and-kill' approach, to reactivate latent HIV-1. RECENT FINDINGS Attention has been drawn to subtype-specific transcription factor binding site (TFBS) variations and the possible impact of these variations on viral latency. Further, diverse subtype-specific assays have been developed to quantify the latent viral reservoirs. One interesting observation is the relatively larger latent reservoirs in HIV-1B infection than those of other viral subtypes, which needs rigorous validation. The emergence of LTR-variant viral strains in HIV-1C demonstrating significantly higher levels of latency reversal has been reported. SUMMARY Despite persistent and substantial efforts, latent HIV-1 remains a formidable challenge to a functional cure. Determined and continued commitment is needed to understand the ON/OFF decision-making process of HIV-1 latency, develop rigorous assays for accurately quantifying the latent reservoirs, and identify potent latency-reversing agents and cocktails targeting multiple latency stages. The review emphasizes the importance of including diverse viral subtypes in future latency research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaykumar Ranga
- HIV-AIDS Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, Karnataka
| | - Arun Panchapakesan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Y R Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chhavi Saini
- HIV-AIDS Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, Karnataka
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Nir Sade A, Levy G, Schokoroy Trangle S, Elad Sfadia G, Bar E, Ophir O, Fischer I, Rokach M, Atzmon A, Parnas H, Rosenberg T, Marco A, Elroy Stein O, Barak B. Neuronal Gtf2i deletion alters mitochondrial and autophagic properties. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1269. [PMID: 38097729 PMCID: PMC10721858 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gtf2i encodes the general transcription factor II-I (TFII-I), with peak expression during pre-natal and early post-natal brain development stages. Because these stages are critical for proper brain development, we studied at the single-cell level the consequences of Gtf2i's deletion from excitatory neurons, specifically on mitochondria. Here we show that Gtf2i's deletion resulted in abnormal morphology, disrupted mRNA related to mitochondrial fission and fusion, and altered autophagy/mitophagy protein expression. These changes align with elevated reactive oxygen species levels, illuminating Gtf2i's importance in neurons mitochondrial function. Similar mitochondrial issues were demonstrated by Gtf2i heterozygous model, mirroring the human condition in Williams syndrome (WS), and by hemizygous neuronal Gtf2i deletion model, indicating Gtf2i's dosage-sensitive role in mitochondrial regulation. Clinically relevant, we observed altered transcript levels related to mitochondria, hypoxia, and autophagy in frontal cortex tissue from WS individuals. Our study reveals mitochondrial and autophagy-related deficits shedding light on WS and other Gtf2i-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nir Sade
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Levy
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Elad Sfadia
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Ophir
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - May Rokach
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrea Atzmon
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine & Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Parnas
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Rosenberg
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaf Marco
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Elroy Stein
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine & Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Abrahams-October Z, Lloyd S, Pearce B, Johnson R, Benjeddou M. Promoter haplotype structure of solute carrier 22 member 2 (SLC22A2) in the Xhosa population of South Africa and their differential effect on gene expression. Gene X 2022; 820:146292. [PMID: 35143948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC22A2 is abundantly expressed in the kidney and facilitates the transport of endogenous and exogenous cationic compounds. It plays a pivotal role in the transport of pharmacologically important compounds such as metformin, cisplatin, lamivudine and cimetidine. Polymorphisms within SLC22A2 could potentially contribute to the inter-individual variable response to drugs. The SLC22A2 gene is known to show polymorphism variability amongst populations of different ethnicities. The present study was undertaken to characterize the promoter haplotype structure of the SLC22A2 gene in the Xhosa population of South Africa. In addition to this, we also investigate the effects of the observed promoter haplotypes on gene expression levels in vitro. We identified six known single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region, namely rs60249401 (G424A), rs113150889 (G289A), rs55920607 (C246T), rs59695691 (A195G), rs572296424 (G156A), rs150063153 (A95C/G) and one novel SNP at location 6:160258967 (A209T). While these polymorphisms appeared in other African and non-African populations, their minor allele frequencies differed considerably from the non-African populations and could be considered to be African specific. A total of nine promoter haplotypes were characterized and the functional significance of each haplotype on promoter activity was determined using a luciferase reporter assay system. Amongst the nine observed haplotypes, three haplotypes (i.e. haplotypes 7, 8 and 9) displayed a significant decrease in expression level when compared to the wild-type with p -values of: 0.0317, <0.0001 and 0.0013 respectively. The data presented here shows African specific promoter haplotypes to cause a decrease in SLC22A2 gene expression levels, which in turn may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of cationic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainonesa Abrahams-October
- Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Sheridon Lloyd
- Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Brendon Pearce
- Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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6
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Roy AL. Role of the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I in DNA damage repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103175. [PMID: 34280590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I, encoded by the GTF2I gene, is implicated in various biological pathways, and associated with multiple human disorders. Evidence is also mounting to suggest that TFII-I is involved in DNA damage repair pathways. Here I bring together these recent observations and suggest a connection between transcriptional and DNA repair functions of TFII-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Wang HL, Yeh TH, Huang YZ, Weng YH, Chen RS, Lu CS, Wei KC, Liu YC, Chen YL, Chen CL, Chen YJ, Lin YW, Hsu CC, Chiu CH, Chiu CC. Functional variant rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter is possibly associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease in Taiwanese population. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:189-196. [PMID: 34275689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study suggests that upregulated RAB35 is implicated in etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that upregulated RAB35 results from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAB35 gene promoter. We identified SNPs within RAB35 gene promoter by analyzing DNA samples of discovery cohort and validation cohort. SNP rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter (T>C at position of -66) was significantly associated with idiopathic PD patients. Compared to normal controls, sporadic PD patients had higher C allele frequency. CC and CT genotype significantly increased risk of PD compared with TT genotype. SNP rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter leads to formation of transcription factor TFII-I binding site. Results of EMSA and supershift assay indicated that TFII-I binds to rs17525453 sequence of RAB35 gene promoter. Luciferase reporter assays showed that rs17525453 variant of RAB35 gene promoter possesses an augmented transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that functional variant rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter is likely to enhance transcriptional activity and upregulate RAB35 protein, which could lead to increased risk of PD in Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Landseed Sports Medicine Center, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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8
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Kozel BA, Barak B, Ae Kim C, Mervis CB, Osborne LR, Porter M, Pober BR. Williams syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 34140529 PMCID: PMC9437774 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a relatively rare microdeletion disorder that occurs in as many as 1:7,500 individuals. WS arises due to the mispairing of low-copy DNA repetitive elements at meiosis. The deletion size is similar across most individuals with WS and leads to the loss of one copy of 25-27 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. The resulting unique disorder affects multiple systems, with cardinal features including but not limited to cardiovascular disease (characteristically stenosis of the great arteries and most notably supravalvar aortic stenosis), a distinctive craniofacial appearance, and a specific cognitive and behavioural profile that includes intellectual disability and hypersociability. Genotype-phenotype evidence is strongest for ELN, the gene encoding elastin, which is responsible for the vascular and connective tissue features of WS, and for the transcription factor genes GTF2I and GTF2IRD1, which are known to affect intellectual ability, social functioning and anxiety. Mounting evidence also ascribes phenotypic consequences to the deletion of BAZ1B, LIMK1, STX1A and MLXIPL, but more work is needed to understand the mechanism by which these deletions contribute to clinical outcomes. The age of diagnosis has fallen in regions of the world where technological advances, such as chromosomal microarray, enable clinicians to make the diagnosis of WS without formally suspecting it, allowing earlier intervention by medical and developmental specialists. Phenotypic variability is considerable for all cardinal features of WS but the specific sources of this variability remain unknown. Further investigation to identify the factors responsible for these differences may lead to mechanism-based rather than symptom-based therapies and should therefore be a high research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience and The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolyn B. Mervis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Lucy R. Osborne
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Porter
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara R. Pober
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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9
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Shimoyama S, Nakagawa I, Jiang JJ, Matsumoto I, Chiorini JA, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Hasebe R, Ota M, Uchida M, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Tanaka Y, Atsumi T, Murakami M. Sjögren's syndrome-associated SNPs increase GTF2I expression in salivary gland cells to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2021; 33:423-434. [PMID: 34036345 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation with lymphoid infiltration and destruction of the salivary glands. Although many genome-wide association studies have revealed disease-associated risk alleles, the functions of the majority of these alleles are unclear. Here, we show previously unrecognized roles of GTF2I molecules by using two SS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs73366469 and rs117026326 (GTF2I SNPs). We found that the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs increased GTF2I expression and enhanced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human salivary gland cells via the NF-κB p65 subunit. Indeed, the knockdown of GTF2I suppressed inflammatory responses in mouse endothelial cells and in vivo. Conversely, the over-expression of GTF2I enhanced NF-κB reporter activity depending on its p65-binding N-terminal leucine zipper domain. GTF2I is highly expressed in the human salivary gland cells of SS patients expressing the risk alleles. Consistently, the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs were strongly associated with activation of the IL-6 amplifier, which is hyperactivation machinery of the NF-κB pathway, and lymphoid infiltration in the salivary glands of SS patients. These results demonstrated that GTF2I expression in salivary glands is increased in the presence of the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs, resulting in activation of the NF-κB pathway in salivary gland cells. They also suggest that GTF2I could be a new therapeutic target for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian 710069, China
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Major of Advanced Biological Applications, Graduate School Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3050006, Japan
| | - John A Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
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Tateo V, Manuzzi L, Parisi C, De Giglio A, Campana D, Pantaleo MA, Lamberti G. An Overview on Molecular Characterization of Thymic Tumors: Old and New Targets for Clinical Advances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:316. [PMID: 33915954 PMCID: PMC8066729 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic tumors are a group of rare mediastinal malignancies that include three different histological subtypes with completely different clinical behavior: the thymic carcinomas, the thymomas, and the rarest thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Nowadays, few therapeutic options are available for relapsed and refractory thymic tumors after a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. In the last years, the deepening of knowledge on thymus' biological characterization has opened possibilities for new treatment options. Several clinical trials have been conducted, the majority with disappointing results mainly due to inaccurate patient selection, but recently some encouraging results have been presented. In this review, we summarize the molecular alterations observed in thymic tumors, underlying the great biological differences among the different histology, and the promising targeted therapies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tateo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Lisa Manuzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Claudia Parisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Campana
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Gurumurthy A, Wu Q, Nar R, Paulsen K, Trumbull A, Fishman RC, Brand M, Strouboulis J, Qian Z, Bungert J. TFII-I/Gtf2i and Erythro-Megakaryopoiesis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590180. [PMID: 33101065 PMCID: PMC7546208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TFII-I is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that positively or negatively regulates gene expression. TFII-I has been implicated in neuronal and immunologic diseases as well as in thymic epithelial cancer. Williams–Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is caused by a large hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23 which encompasses 26–28 genes, including GTF2I, the human gene encoding TFII-I. A subset of WBS patients has recently been shown to present with macrocytosis, a mild anemia characterized by enlarged erythrocytes. We conditionally deleted the TFII-I/Gtf2i gene in adult mice by tamoxifen induced Cre-recombination. Bone marrow cells revealed defects in erythro-megakaryopoiesis and an increase in expression of the adult β-globin gene. The data show that TFII-I acts as a repressor of β–globin gene transcription and that it is implicated in the differentiation of erythro-megakaryocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Gurumurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Qiong Wu
- Division of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rukiye Nar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly Paulsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexis Trumbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ryan C Fishman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Strouboulis
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Division of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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Charman M, Herrmann C, Weitzman MD. Viral and cellular interactions during adenovirus DNA replication. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3531-3550. [PMID: 31764999 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses represent ubiquitous and clinically significant human pathogens, gene-delivery vectors, and oncolytic agents. The study of adenovirus-infected cells has long been used as an excellent model to investigate fundamental aspects of both DNA virus infection and cellular biology. While many key details supporting a well-established model of adenovirus replication have been elucidated over a period spanning several decades, more recent findings suggest that we have only started to appreciate the complex interplay between viral genome replication and cellular processes. Here, we present a concise overview of adenovirus DNA replication, including the biochemical process of replication, the spatial organization of replication within the host cell nucleus, and insights into the complex plethora of virus-host interactions that influence viral genome replication. Finally, we identify emerging areas of research relating to the replication of adenovirus genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Charman
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christin Herrmann
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Weitzman
- Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Héraud C, Pinault M, Lagrée V, Moreau V. p190RhoGAPs, the ARHGAP35- and ARHGAP5-Encoded Proteins, in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040351. [PMID: 31013840 PMCID: PMC6523970 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) gathered in the Rat sarcoma (Ras) superfamily represent a large family of proteins involved in several key cellular mechanisms. Within the Ras superfamily, the Ras homolog (Rho) family is specialized in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-based mechanisms. These proteins switch between an active and an inactive state, resulting in subsequent inhibiting or activating downstream signals, leading finally to regulation of actin-based processes. The On/Off status of Rho GTPases implicates two subsets of regulators: GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), which favor the active GTP (guanosine triphosphate) status of the GTPase and GAPs (GTPase activating proteins), which inhibit the GTPase by enhancing the GTP hydrolysis. In humans, the 20 identified Rho GTPases are regulated by over 70 GAP proteins suggesting a complex, but well-defined, spatio-temporal implication of these GAPs. Among the quite large number of RhoGAPs, we focus on p190RhoGAP, which is known as the main negative regulator of RhoA, but not exclusively. Two isoforms, p190A and p190B, are encoded by ARHGAP35 and ARHGAP5 genes, respectively. We describe here the function of each of these isoforms in physiological processes and sum up findings on their role in pathological conditions such as neurological disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Héraud
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Mathilde Pinault
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Violaine Moreau
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
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14
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Chailangkarn T, Noree C, Muotri AR. The contribution of GTF2I haploinsufficiency to Williams syndrome. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 40:45-51. [PMID: 29305905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving hemideletion of as many as 26-28 genes, resulting in a constellation of unique physical, cognitive and behavior phenotypes. The haploinsufficiency effect of each gene has been studied and correlated with phenotype(s) using several models including WS subjects, animal models, and peripheral cell lines. However, links for most of the genes to WS phenotypes remains unclear. Among those genes, general transcription factor 2I (GTF2I) is of particular interest as its haploinsufficiency is possibly associated with hypersociability in WS. Here, we describe studies of atypical WS cases as well as mouse models focusing on GTF2I that support a role for this protein in the neurocognitive and behavioral profiles of WS individuals. We also review collective studies on diverse molecular functions of GTF2I that may provide mechanistic explanation for phenotypes recently reported in our relevant cellular model, namely WS induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. Finally, in light of the progress in gene-manipulating approaches, we suggest their uses in revealing the neural functions of GTF2I in the context of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanathom Chailangkarn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Chalongrat Noree
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Conforti F, Zhang X, Rao G, De Pas T, Yonemori Y, Rodriguez JA, McCutcheon JN, Rahhal R, Alberobello AT, Wang Y, Zhang YW, Guha U, Giaccone G. Therapeutic Effects of XPO1 Inhibition in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5614-5627. [PMID: 28819023 PMCID: PMC8170838 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1) mediates nuclear export of many cellular factors known to play critical roles in malignant processes, and selinexor (KPT-330) is the first XPO1-selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound in advanced clinical development phase for cancer treatment. We demonstrated here that inhibition of XPO1 drives nuclear accumulation of important cargo tumor suppressor proteins, including transcription factor FOXO3a and p53 in thymic epithelial tumor (TET) cells, and induces p53-dependent and -independent antitumor activity in vitro Selinexor suppressed the growth of TET xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice via inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Loss of p53 activity or amplification of XPO1 may contribute to resistance to XPO1 inhibitor in TET. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis, we identified a number of proteins whose abundances in the nucleus and cytoplasm shifted significantly following selinexor treatment in the TET cells. Furthermore, we found that XPO1 was highly expressed in aggressive histotypes and advanced stages of human TET, and high XPO1 expression was associated with poorer patient survival. These results underscore an important role of XPO1 in the pathogenesis of TET and support clinical development of the XPO1 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with this type of tumors. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5614-27. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Conforti
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Oncology Unit of Thymic Cancer, Rare Tumors and Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Xu Zhang
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Guanhua Rao
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tommaso De Pas
- Oncology Unit of Thymic Cancer, Rare Tumors and Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Yoko Yonemori
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Spain
| | - Justine N McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raneen Rahhal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna T Alberobello
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yisong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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16
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Identification of additional loci associated with antibody response to Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis in cattle by GSEA-SNP analysis. Mamm Genome 2017; 28:520-527. [PMID: 28864882 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: (MAP) causes a contagious chronic infection results in Johne's disease in a wide range of animal species, including cattle. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out to identify loci putatively associated with MAP susceptibility by testing each marker separately and identifying SNPs that show a significant association with the phenotype, while SNP with modest effects are usually ignored. The objective of this study was to identify modest-effect genes associated with MAP susceptibility using a pathway-based approach. The Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was used to genotype 966 Holstein cows, 483 positive and 483 negative for antibody response to MAP, data were then analyzed using novel SNP-based Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA-SNP) and validated with Adaptive Rank Truncated Product methodology. An allele-based test was carried out to estimate the statistical association for each marker with the phenotype, subsequently SNPs were mapped to the closest genes, considering for each gene the single variant with the highest value within a window of 50 kb, then pathway-statistics were tested using the GSEA-SNP method. The GO biological process "embryogenesis and morphogenesis" was most highly associated with antibody response to MAP. Within this pathway, five genes code for proteins which play a role in the immune defense relevant to response to bacterial infection. The immune response genes identified would not have been considered using a standard GWAS, thus demonstrating that the pathway approach can extend the interpretation of genome-wide association analyses and identify additional candidate genes for target traits.
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17
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Shen Y, Nar R, Fan AX, Aryan M, Hossain MA, Gurumurthy A, Wassel PC, Tang M, Lu J, Strouboulis J, Bungert J. Functional interrelationship between TFII-I and E2F transcription factors at specific cell cycle gene loci. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:712-722. [PMID: 28657656 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor TFII-I is a multifunctional protein implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and stress-response genes. Previous studies have shown that a subset of TFII-I associated genomic sites contained DNA-binding motifs for E2F family transcription factors. We analyzed the co-association of TFII-I and E2Fs in more detail using bioinformatics, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The data show that TFII-I interacts with E2F transcription factors. Furthermore, TFII-I, E2F4, and E2F6 interact with DNA-regulatory elements of several genes implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, including DNMT1, HDAC1, CDKN1C, and CDC27. Inhibition of TFII-I expression led to a decrease in gene expression and in the association of E2F4 and E2F6 with these gene loci in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Finally, TFII-I deficiency reduced the proliferation of K562 cells and increased the sensitivity toward doxorubicin toxicity. The results uncover novel interactions between TFII-I and E2Fs and suggest that TFII-I mediates E2F function at specific cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rukiye Nar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alex X Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mahmoud Aryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mir A Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aishwarya Gurumurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Paul C Wassel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Strouboulis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Health Cancer Center, Powell-Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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18
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Lee HS, Jang HJ, Shah R, Yoon D, Hamaji M, Wald O, Lee JS, Sugarbaker DJ, Burt BM. Genomic Analysis of Thymic Epithelial Tumors Identifies Novel Subtypes Associated with Distinct Clinical Features. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4855-4864. [PMID: 28400429 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To reconcile the heterogeneity of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) and gain deeper understanding of the molecular determinants of TETs, we set out to establish a clinically relevant molecular classification system for these tumors.Experimental Design: Molecular subgrouping of TETs was performed in 120 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas using a multidimensional approach incorporating analyses of DNA mutations, mRNA expression, and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA), and validated in two independent cohorts.Results: Four distinct molecular subtypes of TETs were identified. The most commonly identified gene mutation was a missense mutation in General Transcription Factor II-I (GTF2I group), which was present in 38% of patients. The next group was identified by unsupervised mRNA clustering of GTF2I wild-type tumors and represented TETs enriched in expression of genes associated with T-cell signaling (TS group; 33%). The remaining two groups were distinguished by their degree of chromosomal stability (CS group; 8%) or instability (CIN group; 21%) based upon SCNA analyses. Disease-free survival and overall survival were favorable in the GTF2I group and unfavorable in the CIN group. These molecular subgroups were associated with TET histology and clinical features including disease-free survival. Finally, we demonstrate high expression of PD1 mRNA and correlation of PD1 and CD8A in the TS subgroup.Conclusions: Molecular subtyping of TETs is associated with disease-free and overall survival. Classification of TETs by a molecular framework could aid in the refinement of staging and in the discovery and development of rational treatment options for patients with TETs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4855-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hee-Jin Jang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rohan Shah
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Yoon
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ori Wald
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Sugarbaker
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bryan M Burt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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19
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Wilson NC, Choudhury A, Carstens N, Mavri-Damelin D. Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2/SLC22A2) Gene Variation in the South African Bantu-Speaking Population and Functional Promoter Variants. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 21:169-176. [PMID: 28253084 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SLC22A2 facilitates the transport of endogenous and exogenous cationic compounds. Many pharmacologically significant compounds are transported by SLC22A2, including the antidiabetic drug metformin, anticancer agent cisplatin, and antiretroviral lamivudine. Genetic polymorphisms in SLC22A2 can modify the pharmacokinetic profiles of such important medicines and could therefore prove useful as precision medicine biomarkers. Since the frequency of SLC22A2 polymorphisms varies among different ethnic populations, we evaluated these in South African Bantu speakers, a majority group in the South African population, who exhibit unique genetic diversity, and we subsequently functionally characterized promoter polymorphisms. We identified 11 polymorphisms within the promoter and 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the coding region of SLC22A2. While some polymorphisms appeared with minor allele frequencies similar to other African and non-African populations, some differed considerably; this was especially notable for three missense polymorphisms. In addition, we functionally characterized two promoter polymorphisms; rs138765638, a three base-pair deletion that bioinformatics analysis suggested could alter c-Ets-1/2, Elk1, and/or STAT4 binding, and rs59695691, an SNP that could abolish TFII-I binding. Significantly higher luciferase reporter gene expression was found for rs138765638 (increase of 37%; p = 0.001) and significantly lower expression for rs59695691 (decrease of 25%; p = 0.038), in comparison to the wild-type control. These observations highlight the importance of identifying and functionally characterizing genetic variation in genes of pharmacological significance. Finally, our data for SLC22A2 attest to the importance of considering genetic variation in different populations for drug safety, response, and global pharmacogenomics, through, for example, projects such as the Human Heredity and Health in Africa initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Wilson
- 1 The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- 2 Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nadia Carstens
- 3 Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Demetra Mavri-Damelin
- 1 The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
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20
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Mao G, Jin J, Kunapuli SP, Rao AK. Nuclear factor-κB regulates expression of platelet phospholipase C-β2 (PLCB2). Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:931-940. [PMID: 27465150 PMCID: PMC6919569 DOI: 10.1160/th15-09-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC)-β2 (gene PLCB2) is a critical regulator of platelet responses upon activation. Mechanisms regulating of PLC-β2 expression in platelets/MKs are unknown. Our studies in a patient with platelet PLC-β2 deficiency revealed the PLCB2 coding sequence to be normal and decreased platelet PLC-β2 mRNA, suggesting a defect in transcriptional regulation. PLCB2 5'- upstream region of the patient revealed a heterozygous 13 bp deletion (-1645/-1633 bp) encompassing a consensus sequence for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This was subsequently detected in three of 50 healthy subjects. To understand the mechanisms regulating PLC-β2, we studied the effect of this variation in the PLCB2. Gel-shift studies using nuclear extracts from human erythroleukaemia (HEL) cells or recombinant p65 showed NF-κB binding to oligonucleotide with NF-κB site; in luciferase reporter studies its deletion reduced PLCB2 promoter activity. PLCB2 expression was decreased by siRNA knockdown of NF-κB p65 subunit and increased by p65 overexpression. By immunoblotting platelet PLC-β2 in 17 healthy subjects correlated with p65 (r=0.76, p=0.0005). These studies provide the first evidence that NF-κB regulates MK/platelet PLC-β2 expression. This interaction is important because of the major role of PLC-β2 in platelet activation and of NF-κB in processes, including inflammation and atherosclerosis, where both are intimately involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Koneti Rao
- A. Koneti Rao, MD, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, MRB-204, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA, Tel.: +1 215 707 4684, Fax: +1 215 707 2783, E-mail:
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21
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Barak B, Feng G. Neurobiology of social behavior abnormalities in autism and Williams syndrome. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:647-655. [PMID: 29323671 PMCID: PMC4896837 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social behavior is a basic behavior mediated by multiple brain regions and neural circuits, and is crucial for the survival and development of animals and humans. Two neuropsychiatric disorders that have prominent social behavior abnormalities are autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which is characterized mainly by hyposociability, and Williams syndrome (WS), whose subjects exhibit hypersociability. Here we review the unique properties of social behavior in ASD and WS, and discuss the major theories in social behavior in the context of these disorders. We conclude with a discussion of the research questions needing further exploration to enhance our understanding of social behavior abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Barak
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Brain &Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Brain &Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Hajibeigi A, Dioum EM, Guo J, Öz OK. Identification of novel regulatory NFAT and TFII-I binding elements in the calbindin-D28k promoter in response to serum deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:414-420. [PMID: 26260319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calbindin-D28k, a key regulator of calcium homeostasis plays a cytoprotective role in various tissues. We used serum free (SFM) and charcoal stripped serum (csFBS) culture media as models of cellular stress to modulate calbindin D28k expression and identify regulatory cis-elements and trans-acting factors in kidney and beta cells. The murine calbindin-D28k promoter activity was significantly upregulated under SFM or csFBS condition. Promoter analysis revealed evolutionary conserved regulatory cis-elements and deletion of 23 nt from +117/+139 as critical for basal transcription. Bioinformatics analysis of the promoter revealed conserved NFAT and TFII regulators elements. Forced expression of NFAT stimulated promoter activity. Inhibition of NFAT transcriptional activity by FK506 attenuated calbindin-D28k expression. TFII-I was shown to be necessary for basal promoter activity and to act cooperatively with NFAT. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, NFAT was shown to bind to both proximal and distal promoter regions. ChIP assays also revealed recruitment of TFII to the -36/+139 region. Knockdown of TFII-I decreased promoter activity. In summary, calbindin-D28k expression during serum deprivation is partly regulated by NFAT and TF-II. This regulation may be important in vivo during ischemia and growth factor withdrawal to regulate cellular function and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Hajibeigi
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9153, USA
| | - Elhadji M Dioum
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9153, USA
| | - Jianfei Guo
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9153, USA
| | - Orhan K Öz
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9153, USA
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23
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Jabbi M, Chen Q, Turner N, Kohn P, White M, Kippenhan JS, Dickinson D, Kolachana B, Mattay V, Weinberger DR, Berman KF. Variation in the Williams syndrome GTF2I gene and anxiety proneness interactively affect prefrontal cortical response to aversive stimuli. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e622. [PMID: 26285132 PMCID: PMC4564573 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the heritability of complex behavioral traits such as human anxiety remains a challenging endeavor for behavioral neuroscience. Copy-number variation (CNV) in the general transcription factor gene, GTF2I, located in the 7q11.23 chromosomal region that is hemideleted in Williams syndrome and duplicated in the 7q11.23 duplication syndrome (Dup7), is associated with gene-dose-dependent anxiety in mouse models and in both Williams syndrome and Dup7. Because of this recent preclinical and clinical identification of a genetic influence on anxiety, we examined whether sequence variation in GTF2I, specifically the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2527367, interacts with trait and state anxiety to collectively impact neural response to anxiety-laden social stimuli. Two hundred and sixty healthy adults completed the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Harm Avoidance (HA) subscale, a trait measure of anxiety proneness, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while matching aversive (fearful or angry) facial identity. We found an interaction between GTF2I allelic variations and HA that affects brain response: in individuals homozygous for the major allele, there was no correlation between HA and whole-brain response to aversive cues, whereas in heterozygotes and individuals homozygous for the minor allele, there was a positive correlation between HA sub-scores and a selective dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responsivity during the processing of aversive stimuli. These results demonstrate that sequence variation in the GTF2I gene influences the relationship between trait anxiety and brain response to aversive social cues in healthy individuals, supporting a role for this neurogenetic mechanism in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jabbi
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, B10, Room 3C113, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail: or
| | - Q Chen
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Turner
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Kohn
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M White
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J S Kippenhan
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Kolachana
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Mattay
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K F Berman
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, B10, Room 3C113, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail: or
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24
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Ghosh S, Adhikary A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee P, Mazumder M, Putatunda S, Gorain M, Chakraborty A, Kundu GC, Das T, Sen PC. Cross-talk between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the MEK/ERK pathway potentiates apoptosis in human triple negative breast carcinoma cells: role of a dihydropyrimidone, nifetepimine. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3936-49. [PMID: 25527500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are among the most aggressive and therapy-resistant breast tumors and currently possess almost no molecular targets for therapeutic options in this horizon. In the present study we discerned the molecular mechanisms of potential interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and the MEK/ERK pathway in inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. Here we observed that induction of ER stress alone was not sufficient to trigger significant apoptosis but simultaneous inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway enhanced ER stress-induced apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mechanism. Our study also demonstrated nifetepimine, a dihydropyrimidone derivative as a potent anti-cancer agent in TNBC cells. Nifetepimine down-regulated the MEK/ERK pathway in MDAMB-231 and MDAMB-468 cells and resulted in blockage of ER stress-mediated GRP78 up-regulation. Detailed mechanistic studies also revealed that nifetepimine by down-regulating pERK expression also declined the promoter binding activity of TFII-I to the GRP78 promoter and in turn regulated GRP78 transcription. Studies further extended to in vivo Swiss albino and SCID mice models also revalidated the anti-carcinogenic property of nifetepimine. Thus our findings cumulatively suggest that nifetepimine couples two distinct signaling pathways to induce the apoptotic death cascade in TNBC cells and raises the possibility for the use of nifetepimine as a potent anti-cancer agent with strong immune-restoring properties for therapeutic intervention for this group of cancer bearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Ghosh
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054
| | - Minakshi Mazumder
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054
| | - Salil Putatunda
- the Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India, and
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- the Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India, and
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Tanya Das
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054,
| | - Parimal C Sen
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054,
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25
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Petrini I, Meltzer PS, Kim IK, Lucchi M, Park KS, Fontanini G, Gao J, Zucali PA, Calabrese F, Favaretto A, Rea F, Rodriguez-Canales J, Walker RL, Pineda M, Zhu YJ, Lau C, Killian KJ, Bilke S, Voeller D, Dakshanamurthy S, Wang Y, Giaccone G. A specific missense mutation in GTF2I occurs at high frequency in thymic epithelial tumors. Nat Genet 2014; 46:844-9. [PMID: 24974848 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 28 thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) using next-generation sequencing and identified a missense mutation (chromosome 7 c.74146970T>A) in GTF2I at high frequency in type A thymomas, a relatively indolent subtype. In a series of 274 TETs, we detected the GTF2I mutation in 82% of type A and 74% of type AB thymomas but rarely in the aggressive subtypes, where recurrent mutations of known cancer genes have been identified. Therefore, GTF2I mutation correlated with better survival. GTF2I β and δ isoforms were expressed in TETs, and both mutant isoforms were able to stimulate cell proliferation in vitro. Thymic carcinomas carried a higher number of mutations than thymomas (average of 43.5 and 18.4, respectively). Notably, we identified recurrent mutations of known cancer genes, including TP53, CYLD, CDKN2A, BAP1 and PBRM1, in thymic carcinomas. These findings will complement the diagnostic assessment of these tumors and also facilitate development of a molecular classification and assessment of prognosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Petrini
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - In-Kyu Kim
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Marco Lucchi
- Thoracic Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kang-Seo Park
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - James Gao
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo A Zucali
- Medical Oncology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federico Rea
- Thoracic Surgery, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Robert L Walker
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marbin Pineda
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Lau
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keith J Killian
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sven Bilke
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yisong Wang
- 1] Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- 1] Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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26
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Fan AX, Papadopoulos GL, Hossain MA, Lin IJ, Hu J, Tang TM, Kilberg MS, Renne R, Strouboulis J, Bungert J. Genomic and proteomic analysis of transcription factor TFII-I reveals insight into the response to cellular stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7625-41. [PMID: 24875474 PMCID: PMC4081084 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor TFII-I exerts both positive and negative effects on transcription. Using biotinylation tagging technology and high-throughput sequencing, we determined sites of chromatin interactions for TFII-I in the human erythroleukemia cell line K562. This analysis revealed that TFII-I binds upstream of the transcription start site of expressed genes, both upstream and downstream of the transcription start site of repressed genes, and downstream of RNA polymerase II peaks at the ATF3 and other stress responsive genes. At the ATF3 gene, TFII-I binds immediately downstream of a Pol II peak located 5 kb upstream of exon 1. Induction of ATF3 expression increases transcription throughout the ATF3 gene locus which requires TFII-I and correlates with increased association of Pol II and Elongin A. Pull-down assays demonstrated that TFII-I interacts with Elongin A. Partial depletion of TFII-I expression caused a reduction in the association of Elongin A with and transcription of the DNMT1 and EFR3A genes without a decrease in Pol II recruitment. The data reveal different interaction patterns of TFII-I at active, repressed, or inducible genes, identify novel TFII-I interacting proteins, implicate TFII-I in the regulation of transcription elongation and provide insight into the role of TFII-I during the response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Giorgio L Papadopoulos
- Departmentof Biology, University of Crete, GR1409 Heraklion, Greece Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece
| | - Mir A Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - I-Ju Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Departmentof Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Tommy Ming Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rolf Renne
- Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece
| | - John Strouboulis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA Departmentof Biology, University of Crete, GR1409 Heraklion, Greece Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece Departmentof Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ratliff ML, Templeton TD, Ward JM, Webb CF. The Bright Side of Hematopoiesis: Regulatory Roles of ARID3a/Bright in Human and Mouse Hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:113. [PMID: 24678314 PMCID: PMC3958700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID3a/Bright is a DNA-binding protein that was originally discovered for its ability to increase immunoglobulin transcription in antigen-activated B cells. It interacts with DNA as a dimer through its ARID, or A/T-rich interacting domain. In association with other proteins, ARID3a increased transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and led to improved chromatin accessibility of the heavy chain enhancer. Constitutive expression of ARID3a in B lineage cells resulted in autoantibody production, suggesting its regulation is important. Abnormal ARID3a expression has also been associated with increased proliferative capacity and malignancy. Roles for ARID3a in addition to interactions with the immunoglobulin locus were suggested by transgenic and knockout mouse models. Over-expression of ARID3a resulted in skewing of mature B cell subsets and altered gene expression patterns of follicular B cells, whereas loss of function resulted in loss of B1 lineage B cells and defects in hematopoiesis. More recent studies showed that loss of ARID3a in adult somatic cells promoted developmental plasticity, alterations in gene expression patterns, and lineage fate decisions. Together, these data suggest new regulatory roles for ARID3a. The genes influenced by ARID3a are likely to play pivotal roles in lineage decisions, highlighting the importance of this understudied transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratliff
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Troy D Templeton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Julie M Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
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28
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Segura-Puimedon M, Borralleras C, Pérez-Jurado LA, Campuzano V. TFII-I regulates target genes in the PI-3K and TGF-β signaling pathways through a novel DNA binding motif. Gene 2013; 527:529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Yokley BH, Selby ST, Posch PE. A stimulation-dependent alternate core promoter links lymphotoxin α expression with TGF-β1 and fibroblast growth factor-7 signaling in primary human T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4573-84. [PMID: 23547113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin (LT)-α regulates many biologic activities, yet little is known of the regulation of its gene. In this study, the contribution to LTA transcriptional regulation of the region between the transcription and translation start sites (downstream segment) was investigated. The LTA downstream segment was found to be required for, and alone to be sufficient for, maximal transcriptional activity in both T and B lymphocytes. The latter observation suggested that an alternate core promoter might be present in the downstream segment. Characterization of LTA mRNAs isolated from primary and from transformed human T cells under different stimulation conditions identified eight unique transcript variants (TVs), including one (LTA TV8) that initiated within a polypyrimidine tract near the 3' end of the downstream segment. Further investigation determined that the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter that produces the LTA TV8 transcript most likely consists of a stimulating protein 1 binding site and an initiator element and that factors involved in transcription initiation (stimulating protein 1, TFII-I, and RNA polymerase II) bind to this LTA region in vivo. Interestingly, the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter was active only after specific cellular stimulation and was the major promoter used when human T cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 and fibroblast growth factor-7. Most importantly, this study provides evidence of a direct link for crosstalk between T cells and epithelial/stromal cells that has implications for LT signaling by T cells in the cooperative regulation of various processes typically associated with TGF-βR and fibroblast growth factor-R2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Yokley
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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30
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Palmer SJ, Taylor KM, Santucci N, Widagdo J, Chan YKA, Yeo JL, Adams M, Gunning PW, Hardeman EC. GTF2IRD2 from the Williams-Beuren critical region encodes a mobile-element-derived fusion protein that antagonizes the action of its related family members. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5040-50. [PMID: 22899722 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GTF2IRD2 belongs to a family of transcriptional regulators (including TFII-I and GTF2IRD1) that are responsible for many of the key features of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). Sequence evidence suggests that GTF2IRD2 arose in eutherian mammals by duplication and divergence from the gene encoding TFII-I. However, in GTF2IRD2, most of the C-terminal domain has been lost and replaced by the domesticated remnant of an in-frame hAT-transposon mobile element. In this first experimental analysis of function, we show that transgenic expression of each of the three family members in skeletal muscle causes significant fiber type shifts, but the GTF2IRD2 protein causes an extreme shift in the opposite direction to the two other family members. Mating of GTF2IRD1 and GTF2IRD2 mice restores the fiber type balance, indicating an antagonistic relationship between these two paralogs. In cells, GTF2IRD2 localizes to cytoplasmic microtubules and discrete speckles in the nuclear periphery. We show that it can interact directly with TFII-Iβ and GTF2IRD1, and upon co-transfection changes the normal distribution of these two proteins into a punctate nuclear pattern typical of GTF2IRD2. These data suggest that GTF2IRD2 has evolved as a regulator of GTF2IRD1 and TFII-I; inhibiting their function by direct interaction and sequestration into inactive nuclear zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Palmer
- Neuromuscular and Regenerative Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Mervis C, Dida J, Lam E, Crawford-Zelli N, Young E, Henderson D, Onay T, Morris C, Woodruff-Borden J, Yeomans J, Osborne L. Duplication of GTF2I results in separation anxiety in mice and humans. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:1064-70. [PMID: 22578324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication (dup7q11.23) and deletion (Williams syndrome) of chromosomal region 7q11.23 cause neurodevelopmental disorders with contrasting anxiety phenotypes. We found that 30% of 4- to 12-year-olds with dup7q11.23 but fewer than 5% of children with WS or in the general population met diagnostic criteria for a separation-anxiety disorder. To address the role of one commonly duplicated or deleted gene in separation anxiety, we compared mice that had varying numbers of Gtf2i copies. Relative to mouse pups with one or two Gtf2i copies, pups with additional Gtf2i copies showed significantly increased maternal separation-induced anxiety as measured by ultrasonic vocalizations. This study links the copy number of a single gene from 7q11.23 to separation anxiety in both mice and humans, highlighting the utility of mouse models in dissecting specific gene functions for genomic disorders that span many genes. This study also offers insight into molecular separation-anxiety pathways that might enable the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Roy AL. Biochemistry and biology of the inducible multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I: 10 years later. Gene 2011; 492:32-41. [PMID: 22037610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exactly twenty years ago TFII-I was discovered as a biochemical entity that was able to bind to and function via a core promoter element called the Initiator (Inr). Since then several different properties of this signal-induced multifunctional factor were discovered. Here I update these ever expanding functions of TFII-I--focusing primarily on the last ten years since the first review appeared in this journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Role of helix-loop-helix proteins during differentiation of erythroid cells. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1332-43. [PMID: 21282467 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01186-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins play a profound role in the process of development and cellular differentiation. Among the HLH proteins expressed in differentiating erythroid cells are the ubiquitous proteins Myc, USF1, USF2, and TFII-I, as well as the hematopoiesis-specific transcription factor Tal1/SCL. All of these HLH proteins exhibit distinct functions during the differentiation of erythroid cells. For example, Myc stimulates the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, while the USF proteins and Tal1 regulate genes that specify the differentiated phenotype. This minireview summarizes the known activities of Myc, USF, TFII-I, and Tal11/SCL and discusses how they may function sequentially, cooperatively, or antagonistically in regulating expression programs during the differentiation of erythroid cells.
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Makeyev AV, Bayarsaihan D. Molecular Basis of Williams-Beuren Syndrome: TFII-I Regulated Targets Involved in Craniofacial Development. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2011; 48:109-16. [DOI: 10.1597/09-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to identify gene targets of TFII-I transcription factors involved in craniofacial development. Design Recent findings in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome who show facial dysmorphism and cognitive defects have pointed to TFII-I genes ( GTF2I and GTF2IRD1) as the prime candidates responsible for these clinical features. However, TFII-I proteins are multifunctional transcriptional factors regulating a number of genes during development, and how their haploinsufficiency leads to the Williams-Beuren syndrome phenotype is currently unknown. Results Here we report the identification of three genes with a well-established relevance to craniofacial development as direct TFII-I targets. These genes, craniofacial development protein 1 ( Cfdp1), Sec23 homolog A ( Sec23a), and nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 ( Nsd1), contain consensus TFII-I binding sites in their proximal promoters; the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TFII-I transcription factors are recruited to these sites in vivo. Conclusions The results suggest that transcriptional regulation of these genes by TFII-I proteins could provide a possible genotype-phenotype link in Williams-Beuren syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Makeyev
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Fijalkowska I, Sharma D, Bult CJ, Danoff SK. Expression of the transcription factor, TFII-I, during post-implantation mouse embryonic development. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:203. [PMID: 20642858 PMCID: PMC2921380 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General transcription factor (TFII-I) is a multi-functional transcription factor encoded by the Gtf2i gene, that has been demonstrated to regulate transcription of genes critical for development. Because of the broad range of genes regulated by TFII-I as well as its potential role in a significant neuro-developmental disorder, developing a comprehensive expression profile is critical to the study of this transcription factor. We sought to define the timing and pattern of expression of TFII-I in post-implantation embryos at a time during which many putative TFII-I target genes are expressed. FINDINGS Antibodies to the N-terminus of TFII-I were used to probe embryonic mouse sections. TFII-I protein is widely expressed in the developing embryo. TFII-I is expressed throughout the period from E8-E16. However, within this period there are striking shifts in localization from cytoplasmic predominant to nuclear. TFII-I expression varies in both a spatial and temporal fashion. There is extensive expression in neural precursors at E8. This expression persists at later stages. TFII-I is expressed in developing lung, heart and gut structures. There is no evidence of isoform specific expression. Available data regarding expression patterns at both an RNA and protein level throughout development are also comprehensively reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Our immunohistochemical studies of the temporal and spatial expression patterns of TFII-I in mouse embryonic sections are consistent with the hypothesis that hemizygous deletion of GTF2I in individuals with Williams-Beuren Syndrome contributes to the distinct cognitive and physiological symptoms associated with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Fijalkowska
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care Division, 1830 E, Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Lucena J, Pezzi S, Aso E, Valero MC, Carreiro C, Dubus P, Sampaio A, Segura M, Barthelemy I, Zindel MY, Sousa N, Barbero JL, Maldonado R, Pérez-Jurado LA, Campuzano V. Essential role of the N-terminal region of TFII-I in viability and behavior. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:61. [PMID: 20403157 PMCID: PMC2865459 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background GTF2I codes for a general intrinsic transcription factor and calcium channel regulator TFII-I, with high and ubiquitous expression, and a strong candidate for involvement in the morphological and neuro-developmental anomalies of the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). WBS is a genetic disorder due to a recurring deletion of about 1,55-1,83 Mb containing 25-28 genes in chromosome band 7q11.23 including GTF2I. Completed homozygous loss of either the Gtf2i or Gtf2ird1 function in mice provided additional evidence for the involvement of both genes in the craniofacial and cognitive phenotype. Unfortunately nothing is now about the behavioral characterization of heterozygous mice. Methods By gene targeting we have generated a mutant mice with a deletion of the first 140 amino-acids of TFII-I. mRNA and protein expression analysis were used to document the effect of the study deletion. We performed behavioral characterization of heterozygous mutant mice to document in vivo implications of TFII-I in the cognitive profile of WBS patients. Results Homozygous and heterozygous mutant mice exhibit craniofacial alterations, most clearly represented in homozygous condition. Behavioral test demonstrate that heterozygous mutant mice exhibit some neurobehavioral alterations and hyperacusis or odynacusis that could be associated with specific features of WBS phenotype. Homozygous mutant mice present highly compromised embryonic viability and fertility. Regarding cellular model, we documented a retarded growth in heterozygous MEFs respect to homozygous or wild-type MEFs. Conclusion Our data confirm that, although additive effects of haploinsufficiency at several genes may contribute to the full craniofacial or neurocognitive features of WBS, correct expression of GTF2I is one of the main players. In addition, these findings show that the deletion of the fist 140 amino-acids of TFII-I altered it correct function leading to a clear phenotype, at both levels, at the cellular model and at the in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Lucena
- Genetics Unit, de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Lazebnik MB, Tussie-Luna MI, Hinds PW, Roy AL. Williams-Beuren syndrome-associated transcription factor TFII-I regulates osteogenic marker genes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36234-36239. [PMID: 19880526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c109.063115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is characterized by a unique cognitive profile and craniofacial defects. WBS results from a microdeletion at the chromosomal location 7q11.23 that encompasses the genes encoding the members of TFII-I family of transcription factors. Given that the haploinsufficiency for TFII-I is causative to the craniofacial phenotype in humans, we set out to analyze the effect of post-transcriptional silencing of TFII-I during BMP-2-driven osteoblast differentiation in the C2C12 cell line. Our results show that TFII-I plays an inhibitory role in regulating genes that are essential in osteogenesis and intersects with the bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 and the retinoblastoma protein, pRb. Identification of pathways regulated by TFII-I family transcription factors may begin to shed light on the molecular determinants of WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Lazebnik
- Programs in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | | | - Philip W Hinds
- Programs in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
| | - Ananda L Roy
- Programs in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Programs in Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
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Schwappacher R, Weiske J, Heining E, Ezerski V, Marom B, Henis YI, Huber O, Knaus P. Novel crosstalk to BMP signalling: cGMP-dependent kinase I modulates BMP receptor and Smad activity. EMBO J 2009; 28:1537-50. [PMID: 19424179 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of multiple signals into the canonical BMP/Smad pathway poses a big challenge during the course of embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent kinase I (cGKI) modulates BMP receptors and Smads, providing a novel mechanism enhancing BMP signalling. cGKI, a key mediator of vasodilation and hypertension diseases, interacts with and phosphorylates the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII). In response to BMP-2, cGKI then dissociates from the receptors, associates with activated Smads, and undergoes nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, cGKI binds with Smad1 and the general transcription factor TFII-I to promoters of BMP target genes such as Id1 to enhance transcriptional activation. Accordingly, cGKI has a dual function in BMP signalling: (1) it modulates BMP receptor/Smad activity at the plasma membrane and (2) after redistribution to the nucleus, it further regulates transcription as a nuclear co-factor for Smads. Consequently, cellular defects caused by mutations in BMPRII, found in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, were compensated through cGKI, supporting the positive action of cGKI on BMP-induced Smad signalling downstream of the receptors.
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Dai L, Bellugi U, Chen XN, Pulst-Korenberg AM, Järvinen-Pasley A, Tirosh-Wagner T, Eis PS, Graham J, Mills D, Searcy Y, Korenberg JR. Is it Williams syndrome? GTF2IRD1 implicated in visual-spatial construction and GTF2I in sociability revealed by high resolution arrays. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:302-14. [PMID: 19205026 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic contributions to human cognition and behavior are clear but difficult to define. Williams syndrome (WS) provides a unique model for relating single genes to visual-spatial cognition and social behavior. We defined a approximately 1.5 Mb region of approximately 25 genes deleted in >98% of typical WS and then rare small deletions, showing that visual-spatial construction (VSC) in WS was associated with the genes GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I. To distinguish the roles of GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I in VSC and social behavior, we utilized multiple genomic methods (custom high resolution oligonucleotide microarray, multicolor FISH and somatic cell hybrids analyzed by PCR) to identify individuals deleted for either gene but not both. We analyzed genetic, cognitive and social behavior in a unique individual with WS features (heart defects, small size, facies), but with an atypical deletion of a set of genes that includes GTF2IRD1, but not GTF2I. The centromeric breakpoint localized to the region 72.32-72.38 Mb and the telomeric breakpoint to 72.66 Mb, 10 kb downstream of GTF2IRD1. Cognitive testing (WPPSI-R, K-BIT, and PLS-3) demonstrated striking deficits in VSC (Block Design, Object Assembly) but overall performance 1.5-3 SD above WS means. We have now integrated the genetic, clinical and cognitive data with previous reports of social behavior in this subject. These results combine with previous data from small deletions to suggest the gene GTF2IRD1 is associated with WS facies and VSC, and that GTF2I may contribute to WS social behaviors including increased gaze and attention to strangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- The Center for Integrated Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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A mechanosensitive transcriptional mechanism that controls angiogenesis. Nature 2009; 457:1103-8. [PMID: 19242469 DOI: 10.1038/nature07765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is controlled by physical interactions between cells and extracellular matrix as well as soluble angiogenic factors, such as VEGF. However, the mechanism by which mechanical signals integrate with other microenvironmental cues to regulate neovascularization remains unknown. Here we show that the Rho inhibitor, p190RhoGAP (also known as GRLF1), controls capillary network formation in vitro in human microvascular endothelial cells and retinal angiogenesis in vivo by modulating the balance of activities between two antagonistic transcription factors, TFII-I (also known as GTF2I) and GATA2, that govern gene expression of the VEGF receptor VEGFR2 (also known as KDR). Moreover, this new angiogenesis signalling pathway is sensitive to extracellular matrix elasticity as well as soluble VEGF. This is, to our knowledge, the first known functional cross-antagonism between transcription factors that controls tissue morphogenesis, and that responds to both mechanical and chemical cues.
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Misra U, Wang F, Pizzo S. Transcription factor TFII-I causes transcriptional upregulation of GRP78 synthesis in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:381-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effects of Retinoic Acid on Differentiation and Gene Expression of Pig Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2008.50.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tapia-Páez I, Tammimies K, Massinen S, Roy AL, Kere J. The complex of TFII-I, PARP1, and SFPQ proteins regulates the DYX1C1 gene implicated in neuronal migration and dyslexia. FASEB J 2008; 22:3001-9. [PMID: 18445785 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DYX1C1 was first identified as a candidate gene for dyslexia susceptibility, and its role in controlling neuronal migration during embryogenesis and effect on learning in rodents have been verified. In contrast, genetic association studies have been ambiguous in replicating its effects on dyslexia. To better understand the regulation of DYX1C1 and the possible functional role of genetic variation in the promoter of DYX1C1, we selected three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with predicted functional consequences or suggested associations to dyslexia for detailed study. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested the allele-specific binding of the transcription factors TFII-I (to rs3743205) and Sp1 (to rs16787 and rs12899331) that could be verified by competition assays. In addition, we purified a complex of protein factors binding to the previously suggested dyslexia-related SNP, -3G/A (rs3743205). Three proteins, TFII-I, PARP1, and SFPQ, were unambiguously identified by mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. Two SNPs, rs16787 and rs3743205, showed significant allelic differences in luciferase assays. Our results show that TFII-I, PARP1, and SFPQ proteins, each previously implicated in gene regulation, form a complex controlling transcription of DYX1C1. Furthermore, allelic differences in the promoter or 5' untranslated region of DYX1C1 may affect factor binding and thus regulation of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tapia-Páez
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, 141 57 Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Roy AL. Signal-induced functions of the transcription factor TFII-I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2007; 1769:613-21. [PMID: 17976384 PMCID: PMC2140948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have learned a great deal over the last several years about the molecular mechanisms that govern cell growth, cell division and cell death. Normal cells pass through cell cycle (growth) and divide in response to mitogenic signals that are transduced through their cognate cell surface receptors to the nucleus. Despite the fact that cellular growth and division are mechanistically distinct steps, they are usually coordinately regulated, which is critical for normal cellular proliferation. The precise mechanistic basis for this coordinated regulation is unclear. TFII-I is a unique, signal-induced multifunctional transcription factor that is activated upon a variety of signaling pathways and appears to participate in distinct phases of cell growth. For instance, TFII-I is required for growth factor-induced transcriptional activation of the c-fos gene, which is essential for cell cycle entry. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of TFII-I exhibit opposing but necessary functions for mitogen-induced transcriptional activation of c-fos. Besides transcriptional activation of the c-fos proto-oncogene and eventual entry into cell cycle, TFII-I also appears to have a role in later phases of the cell cycle and cell division. Here we discuss how a multitude of signaling inputs target TFII-I isoforms, which may exert their functions in distinct phases of the cell cycle and play a key role in the coordinated regulation of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Young EJ, Lipina T, Tam E, Mandel A, Clapcote SJ, Bechard AR, Chambers J, Mount HTJ, Fletcher PJ, Roder JC, Osborne LR. Reduced fear and aggression and altered serotonin metabolism in Gtf2ird1-targeted mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2007; 7:224-34. [PMID: 17680805 PMCID: PMC2883608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The GTF2IRD1 general transcription factor is a candidate for involvement in the varied cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms of the microdeletion disorder, Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). We show that mice with heterozygous or homozygous disruption of Gtf2ird1 exhibit decreased fear and aggression and increased social behaviors. These findings are reminiscent of the hypersociability and diminished fear of strangers that are hallmarks of WBS. Other core features of WBS, such as increased anxiety and problems with spatial learning were not present in the targeted mice. Investigation of a possible neurochemical basis for the altered behaviors in these mice using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed increased levels of serotonin metabolites in several brain regions, including the amygdala, frontal cortex and parietal cortex. Serotonin levels have previously been implicated in fear and aggression, through modulation of the neural pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These results suggest that hemizygosity for GTF2IRD1 may play a role in the complex behavioral phenotype seen in patients with WBS, either individually, or in combination with other genes, and that the GTF2I transcription factors may influence fear and social behavior through the alteration of neurochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Young
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Lipina
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. Tam
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Mandel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. J. Clapcote
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. R. Bechard
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Chambers
- Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. T. J. Mount
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. C. Roder
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L. R. Osborne
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: L. R. Osborne, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 7360 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Cvekl A, Duncan MK. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation during lens development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2007; 26:555-97. [PMID: 17905638 PMCID: PMC2136409 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a number of links between chromatin structure, gene expression, extracellular signaling and cellular differentiation during lens development. Lens progenitor cells originate from a pool of common progenitor cells, the pre-placodal region (PPR) which is formed from a combination of extracellular signaling between the neural plate, naïve ectoderm and mesendoderm. A specific commitment to the lens program over alternate choices such as the formation of olfactory epithelium or the anterior pituitary is manifested by the formation of a thickened surface ectoderm, the lens placode. Mouse lens progenitor cells are characterized by the expression of a complement of lens lineage-specific transcription factors including Pax6, Six3 and Sox2, controlled by FGF and BMP signaling, followed later by c-Maf, Mab21like1, Prox1 and FoxE3. Proliferation of lens progenitors together with their morphogenetic movements results in the formation of the lens vesicle. This transient structure, comprised of lens precursor cells, is polarized with its anterior cells retaining their epithelial morphology and proliferative capacity, whereas the posterior lens precursor cells initiate terminal differentiation forming the primary lens fibers. Lens differentiation is marked by expression and accumulation of crystallins and other structural proteins. The transcriptional control of crystallin genes is characterized by the reiterative use of transcription factors required for the establishment of lens precursors in combination with more ubiquitously expressed factors (e.g. AP-1, AP-2alpha, CREB and USF) and recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) CBP and p300, and chromatin remodeling complexes SWI/SNF and ISWI. These studies have poised the study of lens development at the forefront of efforts to understand the connections between development, cell signaling, gene transcription and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Cvekl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Doi-Katayama Y, Hayashi F, Inoue M, Yabuki T, Aoki M, Seki E, Matsuda T, Kigawa T, Yoshida M, Shirouzu M, Terada T, Hayashizaki Y, Yokoyama S, Hirota H. Solution structure of the general transcription factor 2I domain in mouse TFII-I protein. Protein Sci 2007; 16:1788-92. [PMID: 17600150 PMCID: PMC2203370 DOI: 10.1110/ps.072792007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The general transcription factor TFII-I, with the corresponding gene name GTF2I, is an unusual transcriptional regulator that associates with both basal and signal-induced transcription factors. TFII-I consists of six GTF2I repeat domains, called I-repeats R1-R6. The structure and function of the GTF2I domain are not clearly understood, even though it contains a helix-loop-helix motif, which is considered to be the protein-protein interaction area, based on biochemical analyses. Here, we report the solution structure of the fifth repeat of the six GTF2I repeat domains from murine TFII-I, which was determined by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy (PDB code 1Q60). The three-dimensional structure of the GTF2I domain is classified as a new fold, consisting of four helices (residues 8-24, 34-39, 63-71, and 83-91), two antiparallel beta strands (residues 44-47 and 77-80), and a well-defined loop containing two beta-turns between sheet 1 and helix 3. All of the repeats probably have similar folds to that of repeat 5, because the conserved residues in the GTF2I repeat domains are assembled on the hydrophobic core, turns, and secondary structure elements, as revealed by a comparison of the sequences of the first through the sixth GTF2I repeats in TFII-I.
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Ashworth T, Roy AL. Cutting Edge: TFII-I controls B cell proliferation via regulating NF-kappaB. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:2631-5. [PMID: 17312101 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I physically and functionally interacts with Bruton's tyrosine kinase in murine B cells. However, the downstream functions of TFII-I in B cells are unknown. Toward achieving this goal, we established stable posttranscriptional silencing of TFII-I in WEHI-231 immature murine B cells, which undergoes growth arrest and apoptosis either upon anti-IgM or TGF-beta signaling. In this study, we show that TFII-I promotes growth arrest of cells in a signal-dependent manner. Unlike control cells, B cells exhibiting loss of TFII-I function fail to undergo arrest upon signaling due to up-regulation of c-Myc expression and concomitant down-regulation of both p21 and p27. Loss of TFII-I is also associated with simultaneous increase in nuclear c-rel and decrease in p50 homodimer binding. Thus, besides controlling c-myc transcription, TFII-I controls B cell proliferation by regulating both nuclear translocation of c-rel and DNA-binding activity of p50 NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Ashworth
- Program in Immmunology, Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Chimge NO, Mungunsukh O, Ruddle F, Bayarsaihan D. Expression profiling of BEN regulated genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2007; 308:209-24. [PMID: 17041962 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BEN is a member of the TFII-I family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Both TFII-I and BEN are involved in gene regulation through interactions with tissue-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes. Identification of the downstream target genes of TFII-I proteins is critical in delineating the regulatory effects of these proteins. In this study, we conducted a microarray analysis to determine gene expression alterations following the overexpression of BEN in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found the BEN-dependent modulation in the expression of large groups of genes representing a wide variety of functional categories including genes important in the immune response, cell cycle, transcriptional regulation and cell signaling. A set of genes identified by the microarray analysis was validated by independent real-time PCR analysis. Among upregulated genes were Shrm, Tgfb2, Ube2l6, G1p2, Ccl7 while downregulated genes were Folr1, Tgfbr2, Csrp2, and Dlk1. These results support a versatile function of TFII-I proteins in vertebrate physiology and lead to an increased understanding of the BEN-dependent molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Chimge NO, Mungunsukh O, Ruddle F, Bayarsaihan D. Gene expression analysis of TFII-I modulated genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2007; 308:225-35. [PMID: 17094079 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TFII-I is a founding member of a family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors involved in modulation of genes through interaction with various nuclear factors and chromatin remodeling complexes. Recent studies indicate that TFII-I performs important function in cell physiology and mouse embryogenesis. In order to understand its molecular role, TFII-I was overexpressed in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and alterations in gene expression were monitored with a mouse 16 K oligonucleotide microarray. These studies allowed us to identify genes that lie downstream of TFII-I-dependent pathways. Among the modulated candidates were genes involved in the immunity response, catalytic activity, signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation. Expression of several candidates including those for the interferon-stimulated protein (G1p2), small inducible cytokine A7 (Ccl7), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 8 (Ube2l6), cysteine-rich protein (Csrp2) and Drosophila delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) were confirmed by real-time PCR. The obtained results suggest that TFII-I participates in multiple signaling and regulatory pathways in MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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