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Wu X, Zhang C, Liang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Qiu J. Exercise Combined with a Low-Calorie Diet Improves Body Composition, Attenuates Muscle Mass Loss, and Regulates Appetite in Adult Women with High Body Fat Percentage but Normal BMI. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38668559 PMCID: PMC11054427 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine the effects of a 500 kcal reduction in daily energy intake alone and in combination with 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise per week on body weight, body composition, and appetite sensations in young women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage. METHODS sixty-six young women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage (21.33 ± 1.20 kg/m2 and 34.32 ± 2.94%) were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) caloric restriction (CR; n = 22), (2) caloric restriction with exercise (CR-EX; n = 22), and (3) control (C; n = 22). Data on anthropometry, blood samples, and subjective appetite sensations pre- and post-intervention were collected. RESULTS After 4 weeks of intervention, CR and CR-EX groups both reduced body weight, fat percentage, and waist and hip circumferences compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Muscle mass of the CR group was significantly lower than that of the C group (-1.21 ± 0.86 kg vs. -0.27 ± 0.82 kg, p < 0.05), and no significant difference between CR-EX and C groups was observed. For appetite sensations, the subjects of the CR group showed significant increases in change of scores in desire to eat and prospective consumption than that of the C group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference between CR-EX and C groups was observed. CONCLUSION A 500 kcal reduction in daily energy intake alone and in combination with 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise per week could both reduce weight and improve body composition in young adult women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage. More importantly, calorie restriction combined with exercise intervention was superior to calorie restriction alone in improving muscle mass loss and regulating appetite sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuoying Liang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiheng Liang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
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Nogal B, Vinogradova S, Jorge M, Torkamani A, Fabian P, Blander G. Dose response of running on blood biomarkers of wellness in generally healthy individuals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293631. [PMID: 37967046 PMCID: PMC10651037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is effective toward delaying or preventing chronic disease, with a large body of evidence supporting its effectiveness. However, less is known about the specific healthspan-promoting effects of exercise on blood biomarkers in the disease-free population. In this work, we examine 23,237 generally healthy individuals who self-report varying weekly running volumes and compare them to 4,428 generally healthy sedentary individuals, as well as 82 professional endurance runners. We estimate the significance of differences among blood biomarkers for groups of increasing running levels using analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. We attempt and add insight to our observational dataset analysis via two-sample Mendelian randomization (2S-MR) using large independent datasets. We find that self-reported running volume associates with biomarker signatures of improved wellness, with some serum markers apparently being principally modified by BMI, whereas others show a dose-effect with respect to running volume. We further detect hints of sexually dimorphic serum responses in oxygen transport and hormonal traits, and we also observe a tendency toward pronounced modifications in magnesium status in professional endurance athletes. Thus, our results further characterize blood biomarkers of exercise and metabolic health, particularly regarding dose-effect relationships, and better inform personalized advice for training and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartek Nogal
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Milena Jorge
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Fabian
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gil Blander
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Kaikkonen KM, Korpelainen R, Vanhala ML, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Korpelainen JT. Long-term effects on weight loss and maintenance by intensive start with diet and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:246-256. [PMID: 36371700 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This 36-month study aimed to determine whether exercise intervention added to weight loss treatment in the beginning or at 6 months is effective for weight loss and long-term weight maintenance. A total of 120 obese adults (body mass index >30) were randomly assigned to intensified behavioral modification (iBM), iBM+ additional exercise from 0 to 3 months (CWT1), iBM+ additional exercise from 6 to 9 months (CWT2), and a control group (CON). Questionnaires and measurements were collected at baseline, 3, 9, 24, and 36 months. The intervention consisted of an 12 months intensified weight-loss period followed by a 24 months weight-maintenance period. Eighty (67%) subjects (mean age 46.0 years, BMI 36.2) completed the trial. Compared with the control group, all three intervention groups had significant weight loss during the 36-month intervention period (p < 0.001). The achieved weight loss remained significant at 36 months in the iBM (-6.8%, p < 0.001), the CWT1 (-5.8%, p < 0.001), and the CWT2 group (-3.9%, p < 0.001). The CWT1 group showed significant reduction in waist circumference at 9 months (-11.3 cm, p < 0.001), at 24 months (-8.8 cm, p < 0.001), and at 36 months (-8.7 cm, p < 0.001). Intensified behavioral modification alone and with exercise resulted in clinically significant weight loss and long-term weight maintenance. The addition of exercise at the onset promoted greater reductions in waist circumference. In the treatment of obesity, including severe obesity, more intensive lifestyle interventions with exercise should be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisu M Kaikkonen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja L Vanhala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka M Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha T Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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"HIIT the Inflammation": Comparative Effects of Low-Volume Interval Training and Resistance Exercises on Inflammatory Indices in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients Undergoing Caloric Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14101996. [PMID: 35631137 PMCID: PMC9145085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone in metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, the effects of low-volume exercise modalities on MetS-associated low-grade inflammation are unclear. A total of 106 MetS patients (53.7 ± 11.4 years) were randomized to low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT, 14 min/session), single-set resistance training (1-RT, ~15 min/session), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS, 20 min/session), three-set resistance training (3-RT, ~50 min/session), each performed 2 ×/week for 12 weeks, or a control group (CON). All groups received nutritional counseling for weight loss. Inflammatory and cardiometabolic indices were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight by an average of 3.6%. Only LOW-HIIT reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (−1.6 mg/L, p = 0.001) and interleukin-6 (−1.1 pg/mL, p = 0.020). High-sensitivity CRP and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein decreased following LOW-HIIT (−1.4 mg/L, p = 0.001 and −2.1 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and 3-RT (−0.6 mg/L, p = 0.044 and −2.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). MetS severity score improved with LOW-HIIT (−1.8 units, p < 0.001), 1-RT (−1.6 units, p = 0.005), and 3-RT (−2.3 units, p < 0.001). Despite similar effects on body weight, low-volume exercise modalities have different impact on inflammatory and cardiometabolic outcomes in MetS patients. LOW-HIIT has superior efficacy for improving inflammation compared to 1-RT and WB-EMS. Resistance-based exercise appears to require a higher volume to promote beneficial impact on inflammation.
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Abe T, Song JS, Bell ZW, Wong V, Spitz RW, Yamada Y, Loenneke JP. Comparisons of calorie restriction and structured exercise on reductions in visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:184-195. [PMID: 34040197 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and low-calorie diets are common approaches taken to produce an energy deficit for weight loss in obesity. Changes in visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat associated with weight loss are important questions but have not yet been concluded. We investigated the relationship between changes in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas obtained by abdominal imaging with the change in total body fat. The relevant databases were searched through January 2021 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Sixty-five studies were included. We found that the change in total body fat was associated with changes in both VAT and abdominal SAT areas, but the relationship between total body fat and the abdominal SAT area appeared stronger. Baseline values of VAT and abdominal SAT area were similar in the three treatment groups (calorie restriction, calorie restriction plus exercise, and exercise alone). The reduction in abdominal SAT area for a loss of 1 kg of total body fat was about 10 cm2, which was similar among all the treatments. The change in VAT area (-26.3 cm2) was a similar level as the change in abdominal SAT area (-31.5 cm2) in the exercise, whereas in the calorie restriction with and without exercise, the change in VAT area (-33.6 and -51.6 cm2, respectively) was approximately half of the reduction of SAT area (-65.1 and -87.2 cm2, respectively). Absolute changes in VAT and abdominal SAT areas might differ between interventions for the exercise and calorie restriction with and without exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA. .,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Jun Seob Song
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Zachary W Bell
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Vickie Wong
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Spitz
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Yujiro Yamada
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Gil S, Goessler K, Dantas WS, Murai IH, Merege-Filho CAA, Pereira RMR, de Cleva R, Santo MA, Kirwan JP, Roschel H, Gualano B. Constraints of Weight Loss as a Marker of Bariatric Surgery Success: An Exploratory Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640191. [PMID: 34177607 PMCID: PMC8232885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether the degree of weight loss properly reflects improvements in cardiometabolic health among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods In this ancillary analysis from a clinical trial, patients were clustered into tertiles according to the magnitude of the percentage weight loss (1st tertile: “higher weight loss”: −37.1 ± 5.8%; 2nd tertile: “moderate weight loss”: −29.7 ± 1.4%; 3rd tertile: “lower weight loss”: −24.2 ± 2.3%). Delta changes (9 months after surgery-baseline) in clustered cardiometabolic risk (i.e., blood pressure index, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and triglycerides [TG]), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were calculated. Results A total of 42 patients who had complete bodyweight data (age = 40 ± 8 year; BMI = 47.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2) were included. Surgery led to substantial weight loss (−37.9 ± 11.3 kg, P < 0,001), and clinically significant improvements in blood pressure index (−17.7 ± 8.2 mmHg, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (−36.6 ± 52.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001), HDL (9.4 ± 7.1 mg/dL, P < 0.001), TG (−35.8 ± 44.1 mg/dL P < 0,001), HbA1c (−1.2 ± 1.6%, P < 0.001), HOMA-IR (−4.7 ± 3.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and CRP (−8.5 ± 6.7 μg/mL P < 0.001). Comparisons across tertiles revealed no differences for cardiometabolic risk score, fasting glucose, HbAc1, HOMA-IR, blood pressure index, CRP, HDL, and TG (P > 0.05 for all). Individual variable analysis confirmed cardiometabolic improvements across the spectrum on weight-loss. There were no associations between weight loss and any dependent variable. Conclusion Weight loss following bariatric surgery does not correlate with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that weight loss alone may be insufficient to assess the cardiometabolic success of bariatric surgery, and the search for alternate proxies that better predict surgery success are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Goessler
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Igor Hisashi Murai
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Abujabra Merege-Filho
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Cleva
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Santo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Budi Mulia EP, Fauzia KA, Atika A. Abdominal Obesity is Associated with Physical Activity Index in Indonesian Middle-Aged Adult Rural Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2021; 46:317-320. [PMID: 34321751 PMCID: PMC8281867 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_947_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the significant health problems. Physical activity includes a potential modifier in the development of abdominal obesity. Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the association between physical activity and abdominal obesity in middle-aged adults in the Indonesian rural population. Methods A community-based study was conducted in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia. Data were collected using interviews to obtain sociodemographic and physical activity index (PAI). Waist circumference was measured using a tape measure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and logistic regression. Results A total of 75 adults (62.7% were female) was included in this study. Mean waist circumference was 88.18 ± 9.21 cm. Total prevalence of abdominal obesity was 69.3%. Among the total of participants, 29.3% were inactive. A significant association was found between physical activity and abdominal obesity. Participants with inactive PAI have a higher risk of suffering from abdominal obesity than those with active PAI with odds ratio = 7.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.55-31.99. Conclusion In middle-aged adults living in a rural area of Indonesia, physical activity was associated with a lower risk of abdominal obesity. Strategies for preventing and reducing abdominal obesity in rural areas should consider improving physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Prasetya Budi Mulia
- Departments of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atika Atika
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Iron Beats Electricity: Resistance Training but Not Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients during Caloric Restriction-A Randomized-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051640. [PMID: 34068089 PMCID: PMC8152778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise are cornerstones in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Recently, whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has emerged as a more time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training (RT). However, the effects of WB-EMS compared to RT on cardiometabolic health in obese metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients performed during CR are still unclear. In total, 118 obese MetS patients (52.7 ± 11.8 years, BMI: 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/m2) undergoing CR over 12 weeks (aim: −500 kcal deficit/day) were randomly allocated to either WB-EMS, single-set RT (1-RT), 3-set RT (3-RT) or an inactive control group (CON). Primary outcome was MetS severity (MetS z-score). Secondary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength and quality of life (QoL). All groups significantly reduced body weight (~3%) and fat mass (~2.6 kg) but only 1-RT and 3-RT preserved skeletal muscle mass (SMM). All exercise groups increased muscle strength in major muscle groups (20–103%). However, only the two RT-groups improved MetS z-score (1-RT: −1.34, p = 0.003; 3-RT: −2.06, p < 0.001) and QoL (1-RT: +6%, p = 0.027; 3-RT: +12%, p < 0.001), while WB-EMS and CON had no impact on these outcomes. We conclude that traditional RT has superior effects on cardiometabolic health, SMM and QoL in obese MetS patients undergoing CR than WB-EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-45220
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Soroush N, Tabrizi R, Shabani-Borujeni M, Rezaei S, Jafari F, Hosseini-Bensenjan M, Stricker BH, van Hoek M, Ahmadizar F. Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in People with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618208. [PMID: 33854433 PMCID: PMC8039463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether liraglutide use improves cardiometabolic risk factors in different subsets of subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects of liraglutide on cardiometabolic risk profile in subjects with CAD with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: Online database searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar from incept up to 15th January 2021. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of liraglutide compared to placebo on cardiometabolic risk profile. We used the random- or fixed-effect models to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Out of a total of 7,320 citations, six articles (seven RCTs) with 294 subjects with CAD (mean age, 61.21 years; 19% women) were included. Our findings presented as WMD and 95% CI showed a statistical significant decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [−0.36%; −0.47; −0.26, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with 6 RCTs)], body mass index (BMI) [−0.61 kg/m2; −1.21; −0.01, p = 0.047; I2 = 72.2% (with five RCTs)], and waist circumference [−2.41 cm; −3.47; −1.36, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with three RCTs)]. Through a set of subgroup analyses, we found a significant reduction in BMI in CAD patients with T2D [WMD = −1.06; 95% CI, −1.42, −0.70, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with three RCTs)] compared to CAD only patients [WMD = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.45, 0.29, p = 0.66; I2 = 0.0% (with two RCTs)] in the liraglutide group compared with the placebo group. No significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were observed. Conclusions: Among people with established CAD, liraglutide significantly improved HbA1c, BMI, and waist circumference values. The effect of liraglutide on BMI was more robust in individuals with T2D compared to those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Soroush
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shabani-Borujeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Lv N, Xiao L, Rosas LG, Venditti EM, Smyth JM, Lewis MA, Snowden MB, Ronneberg CR, Williams LM, Gerber BS, Ajilore OA, Patel AS, Ma J. Sex Moderates Treatment Effects of Integrated Collaborative Care for Comorbid Obesity and Depression: The RAINBOW RCT. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1157-1167. [PMID: 33616188 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex influences health and related behaviors due to biological and psychosocial/socioeconomic factors. Assessing sex-specific responses to integrated treatment for comorbid obesity and depression could inform intervention targeting. PURPOSE To test (a) whether sex moderates the effects of integrated collaborative care on weight and depression outcomes through 24 months and (b) whether treatment response at 6 months predicts 12 and 24 month outcomes by sex. METHODS Secondary data analyses on weight and depression severity (SCL-20) measured over 24 months among 409 adults with obesity and depression in the Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight trial. RESULTS Men achieved significantly greater weight reductions in intervention versus usual care than women, whereas women achieved significantly greater percentage reductions in SCL-20 than men at both 12 and 24 months. In logistic models, at 80% specificity for correctly identifying participants not achieving clinically significant long-term outcomes, women who lost <3.0% weight and men who lost <4.1% weight at 6 months had ≥84% probability of not meeting 5% weight loss at 24 months. Similarly, at 80% specificity, women who reduced SCL-20 by <39.5% and men who reduced by <53.0% at 6 months had ≥82% probability of not meeting 50% decrease in SCL-20 at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Sex modified the integrated treatment effects for obesity and depression. Sex-specific responses at 6 months predicted clinically significant weight loss and depression outcomes through 24 months. Based on early responses, interventions may need to be tailored to address sex-specific barriers and facilitators to achieving healthy weight and depression outcomes at later time points. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02246413 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02246413).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lv
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Venditti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Megan A Lewis
- Center for Communication Science, RTI International, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark B Snowden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Corina R Ronneberg
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben S Gerber
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olusola A Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aashutos S Patel
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Room 586 (MC 275), Chicago, IL 60608, USA
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Reljic D, Frenk F, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2836. [PMID: 33531522 PMCID: PMC7854610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the leading physical activity barrier of time commitment and safety concerns about vigorous exercise in high-risk groups, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two extremely time-efficient training protocols (< 30 min time effort per week), either performed as high- (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) over 12 weeks, in obese MetS patients. In total, 117 patients (49.8 ± 13.6 years, BMI: 38.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were randomized to HIIT (n = 40), MIIT (n = 37) or an inactive control group (n = 40). All groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), MetS severity (MetS z-score), body composition and quality of life (QoL) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight (~ 3%) but only the exercise groups improved VO2max, MetS z-score and QoL. VO2max (HIIT: + 3.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; MIIT: + 1.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and MetS z-score (HIIT: - 1.8 units, p < 0.001; MIIT: - 1.2 units, p < 0.01) improved in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, extremely low-volume interval training, even when done at moderate intensity, is sufficiently effective to improve cardiometabolic health in obese MetS patients. These findings underpin the crucial role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Frenk
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Exercise reduced the formation of new adipocytes in the adipose tissue of mice in vivo. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244804. [PMID: 33471817 PMCID: PMC7817033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on metabolism and health. Although the skeletal muscle has been a primary focus, exercise also mediates robust adaptations in white adipose tissue. To determine if exercise affects in vivo adipocyte formation, fifty-two, sixteen-week-old C57BL/6J mice were allowed access to unlocked running wheels [Exercise (EX) group; n = 13 males, n = 13 females] or to locked wheels [Sedentary (SED) group; n = 13 males, n = 13 females] for 4-weeks. In vivo adipocyte formation was assessed by the incorporation of deuterium (2H) into the DNA of newly formed adipocytes in the inguinal and gonadal adipose depots. A two-way ANOVA revealed that exercise significantly decreased new adipocyte formation in the adipose tissue of mice in the EX group relative to the SED group (activity effect; P = 0.02). This reduction was observed in male and female mice (activity effect; P = 0.03). Independent analysis of the depots showed a significant reduction in adipocyte formation in the inguinal (P = 0.05) but not in the gonadal (P = 0.18) of the EX group. We report for the first time that exercise significantly reduced in vivo adipocyte formation in the adipose tissue of EX mice using a physiologic metabolic 2H2O-labeling protocol.
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13
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Reljic D, Frenk F, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Low-volume high-intensity interval training improves cardiometabolic health, work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals: a randomized-controlled trial sub-study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:419. [PMID: 33160382 PMCID: PMC7648946 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with impaired health and lower work ability. Increased physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and related risk factors. Recently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a popular exercise option. However, data regarding the effects on cardiometabolic health, perceived work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals are lacking. METHODS Sixty-five obese individuals with sedentary occupation (48.7 ± 9.9 years, BMI: 39.6 ± 7.1 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to an extremely time-efficient HIIT (5 × 1 min at 80-95% maximal heart rate on cycle ergometers, 2×/week for 12 weeks) or an inactive control group (CON). Both groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Primary outcome was maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk indices, body composition, work ability index (WAI), quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L-questionnaire) and perceived stress (PSQ-questionnaire). RESULTS Mean body weight reduction was 5.3 kg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) - 7.3 to - 3.3 kg] in the HIIT group (P < 0.001) and 3.7 kg (95% CI - 5.3 to - 2.1 kg) in CON (P < 0.001), respectively. Only the HIIT group showed significant (P < 0.001) changes in VO2max [+ 3.5 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.5 to 4.6 mL/kg/min)], waist circumference [-7.5 cm (95% CI - 9.8 to - 5.1 kg)], mean arterial blood pressure [- 11 mmHg (95% CI - 14 to - 8 mmHg)], WAI [+ 3.0 points (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3 points)] and QoL [+ 10% (95% CI 5 to 16%)]. In CON, none of these parameters improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS Low-volume HIIT may induce significant improvements in cardiometabolic health, especially VO2max, WAI and well-being in obese individuals after only 12 weeks. Our results underpin the wide range of benefits on health and subjective measures through exercise that go well beyond simple weight loss through dietary restriction alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT03306069. Registered 10 October 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03306069 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Frenk
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Panizza CE, Wong MC, Kelly N, Liu YE, Shvetsov YB, Lowe DA, Weiss EJ, Heymsfield SB, Kennedy S, Boushey CJ, Maskarinec G, Shepherd JA. Diet Quality and Visceral Adiposity among a Multiethnic Population of Young, Middle, and Older Aged Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa090. [PMID: 33959689 PMCID: PMC8082229 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adiposity, more so than overall adiposity, is associated with chronic disease and mortality. There has been, to our knowledge, little research exploring the association between diet quality and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) among a mulitethnic population aged 18-80 y. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine the association between diet quality [Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores] and VAT among a multiethnic population of young, middle, and older aged adults in the United States. Secondary objectives were to repeat these analyses with overall adiposity and blood-based biomarkers for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk as outcome measures. METHODS A total of 540 adults (dropped out: n = 4; age: 18-40 y, n = 220; 40-60 y, n = 183; 60-80 y, n = 133) were recruited across 3 sites (Honolulu County, San Francisco, and Baton Rouge) for the Shape Up! Adults study. Whole-body DXA, anthropometry, fasting blood draw, and questionnaires (food frequency, physical activity, and demographic characteristics) were completed. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between HEI-2010 tertiles and VAT and secondary outcome measures among all participants and age-specific strata, while adjusting for known confounders. RESULTS VAT, BMI (kg/m2), body fat percentage, total body fat, trunk fat, insulin, and insulin resistance were inversely related to diet quality (all P values < 0.004). When stratified by age, diet quality was inversely associated with VAT among participants aged 60-80 y (P < 0.006) and VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) among participants aged 40-60 y (P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Higher-quality diet was associated with lower VAT, overall adiposity, and insulin resistance among this multiethnic population of young, middle, and older aged adults with ages ranging from 18 to 80 y. More specifically, adherence to a high-quality diet may minimize VAT accumulation in adults aged 60-80 y and preferentially promote storage of SAT compared with VAT in adults aged 40-60 y.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03637855.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisa Kelly
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Yong En Liu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Dylan A Lowe
- University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ethan J Weiss
- University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
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Jancey J, Lee AH, James AP, Hills AP, Anderson AS, Howat P, Blackford K. Reply to: Letter to the editor: Metabolic syndrome in rural Australia: An opportunity for primary health care. Jancey et al, DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12500. Aust J Rural Health 2019; 27:581-582. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH) School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia
| | - Andy H. Lee
- School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia
| | | | - Andrew P. Hills
- School of Health Sciences University of Tasmania Launceston Tas Australia
| | - Annie S. Anderson
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research Division of Cancer Research Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee Dundee Scotland
| | - Peter Howat
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH) School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia
| | - Krysten Blackford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH) School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia
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16
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The burden of being poor: Stress at the belly of the matter. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:14-15. [PMID: 30885842 PMCID: PMC6602069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bosomworth NJ. [Not Available]. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2019; 65:e251-e260. [PMID: 31189638 PMCID: PMC6738391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectif Étudier le risque de mortalité présenté par l’obésité centrale chez les personnes de poids normal, déterminer une mesure clinique pour aider à dépister ce phénotype et examiner les moyens de réduire ce risque. Qualité des données La recherche n’a relevé que des études de cohorte prospectives (niveau II) ayant comparé des participants qui présentaient une obésité centrale et un poids normal à des participants dont l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) était élevé. Des études de niveau I de bonne qualité ont démontré l’effet des interventions liées à l’alimentation et à l’exercice sur l’obésité centrale et la mortalité. Message principal Les participants centralement obèses malgré un IMC normal et qui sont atteints de dyslipidémie athérogène présentent un risque comparable, sinon supérieur, de mortalité que les participants qui sont centralement obèses en plus d’être en surpoids ou obèses selon l’IMC. Le rapport entre le tour de taille et la taille* serait la mesure clinique la plus pragmatique de l’obésité centrale. Le régime méditerranéen est une intervention efficace pour stopper la prise pondérale tout en réduisant la ceinture abdominale. Un faible niveau d’exercice réduit aussi le tour de taille. La perte pondérale ne doit pas constituer l’objectif. Conclusion Un rapport entre le tour de taille et la taille de plus de 0,5 malgré un IMC normal indique un risque élevé de mortalité par atteinte cardiométabolique. Ce risque serait équivalent, voire supérieur, au risque présenté par les patients centralement obèses en plus d’être en surpoids ou obèses. De légères interventions liées à l’alimentation et à l’exercice sont efficaces pour réduire ce risque.
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Affiliation(s)
- N John Bosomworth
- Chargé de cours honoraire au Département de médecine familiale de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique, à Vancouver.
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18
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Bosomworth NJ. Normal-weight central obesity: Unique hazard of the toxic waist. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2019; 65:399-408. [PMID: 31189627 PMCID: PMC6738397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mortality risk presented by normal-weight central obesity, to identify a clinical measure to aid in the identification of this phenotype, and to explore the means for mitigation of this risk. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE Only prospective cohort studies (level II) comparing participants with central obesity at normal weight with those at higher levels of body mass index (BMI) were found. Good level I studies were available to demonstrate the effect of diet and exercise interventions on central obesity and mortality. MAIN MESSAGE Participants with atherogenic dyslipidemia who are centrally obese at normal BMI are at similar, and possibly higher, mortality risk compared with those who are centrally obese and overweight or obese according to their BMI. Waist-to-height ratio might be the most pragmatic clinical measure of central obesity. The Mediterranean diet is an effective intervention to prevent ongoing weight gain while reducing abdominal girth. Low levels of exercise can also reduce waist circumference. Weight loss need not be an objective. CONCLUSION A waist-to-height ratio exceeding 0.5 at normal BMI identifies elevated mortality risk for cardiometabolic disease. This risk might equal or exceed that of centrally obese patients who are overweight or obese. Modest dietary and exercise interventions can be effective in mitigation of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N John Bosomworth
- Honorary Lecturer in the Department of Family Practice at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
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McFadden C, Li Q. Motivational Readiness to Change Exercise Behaviors: An Analysis of the Differences in Exercise, Wearable Exercise Tracking Technology, and Exercise Frequency, Intensity, and Time (FIT) Values and BMI Scores in University Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1571960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lahelma M, Sädevirta S, Lallukka-Brück S, Sevastianova K, Mustelin L, Gylling H, Rockette-Wagner B, Kriska AM, Yki-Järvinen H. Effects of Weighted Hula-Hooping Compared to Walking on Abdominal Fat, Trunk Muscularity, and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study. Obes Facts 2019; 12:385-396. [PMID: 31216547 PMCID: PMC6758714 DOI: 10.1159/000500572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weighted hula-hoops have gained popularity, but whether they indeed reshape the trunk or have beneficial metabolic effects in overweight subjects is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine effects of hula-hooping and walking matched for energy expenditure on android fat %, trunk muscle mass, and metabolic parameters in a randomized cross-over study. DESIGN We recruited 55 overweight nondiabetic subjects, who were randomized to hula-hooping (HULA) for 6 weeks using a 1.5-kg weighted hula-hoop followed by walking (WALK) for another 6 weeks or vice versa. The increments in energy expenditure were similar by HULA and WALK. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and after HULA and WALK. The primary endpoint was the change in fat % in the android region. RESULTS A total of 53subjects (waist 92 ± 1 cm, body mass index 28 ± 1 kg/m2) completed the study. Body weight changed similarly (-0.6 ± 0.2 vs. -0.5 ± 0.2 kg, nonsignificant; HULA vs. WALK). During the intervention the subjects hula-hooped on average 12.8 ± 0.5 min/day and walked 9,986 ± 376 steps/day. The % fat in the android region decreased significantly by HULA but not by WALK (between-group change p < 0.001). Trunk muscle mass increased more by HULA than by WALK (p < 0.05). Waist circumference decreased more by HULA than by WALK (-3.1 ± 0.3 cm vs. -0.7 ± 0.4 cm, p < 0.001; HULA vs. WALK). WALK but not HULA significantly lowered systolic blood pressure and increased HDL cholesterol while HULA significantly decreased LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Hula-hooping with a weighted hula-hoop can be used to decrease abdominal fat % and increase trunk muscle mass in overweight subjects. Its LDL lowering effect resembles that described for resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Lahelma
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland,
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Lallukka-Brück
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ksenia Sevastianova
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Gylling
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrea M Kriska
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sofková T, Přidalová M. Assessment of changes in somatic characteristics based on the level of physical activity in women who undertook weight reduction course. Cent Eur J Public Health 2018; 26:223-227. [PMID: 30419626 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a chronic disease in modern age and finding approach to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of obesity has its place among the priorities of modern medicine and related fields. Important component in programmes to reduce overweight and obesity is regular physical activity (PA), which plays vital role in the comprehensive approach to the treatment of obesity. Primary objective of our study was to assess changes in somatic characteristics following eleven weeks of PA in overweight and obese women aged 30 to 60 years. METHODS Our research sample consisted of 221 women who were classified according to the level of PA carried out, namely 1st, 2nd and 3rd category. STOB (STop OBesity) course participants underwent PA monitoring and diagnosis of the body composition, which is a modern multifaceted cognitive behavioural method. RESULTS Younger highly active women (PA 3) achieved higher average differences in body fat than did women with the typical daily activity (PA 1), however, significant differences have not been found. Statistically significant differences in visceral fat between the 1st (PA 1) and 3rd PA category (PA 3) have been observed in older women. CONCLUSION Given the significantly higher increase of fat-free mass percentage in older highly active women (PA 3), we may assess the course results positively. Our study demonstrated positive correlation between carrying out the recommended level of PA and its impact on the body composition's health risk indicators. Obese women should walk at least 10,000 steps per day to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Sofková
- Department of Anthropology and Health Education, Faculty of Education, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Přidalová
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Perceived Neighbourhood Problems over Time and Associations with Adiposity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091854. [PMID: 30154306 PMCID: PMC6164418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding which aspects of the local environment influence obesity. Using data from the longitudinal West of Scotland Twenty-07 study (n = 2040) we examined associations between residents’ self-reported neighbourhood problems, measured over a 13-year period, and nurse-measured body weight and size (body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio) and percentage body fat. We also explored whether particular measures such as abdominal obesity, postulated as a marker for stress, were more strongly related to neighbourhood conditions. Using life course models adjusted for sex, cohort, household social class, and health behaviours, we found that the accumulation of perceived neighbourhood problems was associated with percentage body fat. In cross-sectional analyses, the strongest relationships were found for contemporaneous measures of neighbourhood conditions and adiposity. When analyses were conducted separately by gender, perceived neighbourhood stressors were strongly associated with central obesity measures (waist circumference, waist–hip ratio) among both men and women. Our findings indicate that chronic neighbourhood stressors are associated with obesity. Neighbourhood environments are modifiable, and efforts should be directed towards improving deleterious local environments to reduce the prevalence of obesity.
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Liyana AZ, Appannah G, Sham SYZ, Fazliana M, Nor NSM, Ambak R, Samad AA, Dahlan NY, Aris T. Effectiveness of a community-based intervention for weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women in a low socio-economic urban community: findings of the MyBFF@home. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:126. [PMID: 30066628 PMCID: PMC6069514 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese individuals in the community setting remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-month weight loss lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women and the sustainability of the changes in those markers at 12-month follow-up, comparing an intervention group with a control group. METHODS A total of 243 participants from MyBFF@home were included in this study. Fasting blood samples at baseline, 6- and 12-month were assessed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. The effect of the intervention on cardiometabolic risk markers were investigated within and between study groups using t-test and general linear model (GLM) repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS Results from repeated measures ANOVA showed intervention effect only in TC where significant reduction was found in the intervention group (- 0.26 mmol/L [95% CI: - 0.47 to - 0.06], p < 0.01) compared to the control group (- 0.06 mmol/L [95% CI: - 0.28 to 0.17]) at 12 months. At 6 months, TC was reduced significantly in both groups but only intervention group retained the reduction in maintenance phase while, the level increased significantly in the control group (0.22 mmol/L [95% CI: 0.06 to 0.38]). This attributed to significant increase in TC/HDL-C ratio in the control group during maintenance phase (0.32 [95% CI: 0.15 to 0.50], p < 0.001). The intervention group also showed trend of reduction in FPG at 6 months and further decreased during maintenance phase (- 0.19 mmol/L [95% CI: - 0.32 to - 0.06], p < 0.01). At 6 months HDL-C was maintained in the intervention group but reduced significantly in the control group (- 0.05 mmol/L [95% CI: - 0.10 to - 0.01], p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in both markers when compared between groups. CONCLUSIONS In the context of low socio-economic communities, this study supports that weight loss related lifestyle modifications over a 6-month period could improve selected cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly fasting glucose, TC and HDL-C in overweight and obese women with favourable sustainability over a 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zamri Liyana
- Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Geeta Appannah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Yazmin Zahari Sham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Fazliana
- Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Ambak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azah Abdul Samad
- Shah Alam Seksyen 7 Health Clinic, Persiaran Kayangan, Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nofi Yuliani Dahlan
- Occupational Safety & Health Unit, Gombak District of Health Office, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dimitrov Ulian M, Pinto AJ, de Morais Sato P, B. Benatti F, Lopes de Campos-Ferraz P, Coelho D, Roble OJ, Sabatini F, Perez I, Aburad L, Vessoni A, Fernandez Unsain R, Macedo Rogero M, Toporcov TN, de Sá-Pinto AL, Gualano B, B. Scagliusi F. Effects of a new intervention based on the Health at Every Size approach for the management of obesity: The "Health and Wellness in Obesity" study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198401. [PMID: 29979699 PMCID: PMC6034785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Health at Every Size® (HAES®) is a weight-neutral approach focused on promoting healthy behaviors in people with different body sizes. This study examined multiple physiological, attitudinal, nutritional, and behavioral effects of a newly developed, intensive, interdisciplinary HAES®-based intervention in obese women. This was a prospective, seven-month, randomized (2:1), controlled, mixed-method clinical trial. The intervention group (I-HAES®; n = 39) took part in an intensified HAES®-based intervention comprising a physical activity program, nutrition counseling sessions, and philosophical workshops. The control group (CTRL; n = 19) underwent a traditional HAES®-based intervention. Before and after the interventions, participants were assessed for physiological, psychological, and behavioral parameters (quantitative data) and took part in focus groups (qualitative data). Body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences did not significantly differ within or between groups (P > 0.05). I-HAES® showed increased peak oxygen uptake and improved performance in the timed-stand test (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, between-group comparisons). No significant within- or between-group differences were observed for objectively measured physical activity levels, even though the majority of the I-HAES® participants indicated that they were engaged in or had plans to include physical activity in their routines. I-HAES® resulted in improvements in eating attitudes and practices. The I-HAES® group showed significantly improved all Body Attitude Questionnaire subscale and all Figure Rating Scale scores (P ≤ 0.05 for all parameters, within-group comparisons), whereas the CTRL group showed slight or no changes. Both groups had significant improvements in health-related quality of life parameters, although the I-HAES® group had superior gains in the "physical health," "psychological health," and "overall perception of quality of life and health" (P = 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively, between-group comparisons) domains. Finally, most of the quantitative improvements were explained by qualitative data. Our results show that this new intensified HAES®-based intervention improved participants' eating attitudes and practices, perception of body image, physical capacity, and health-related quality of life despite the lack of changes in body weight and physical activity levels, showing that our novel approach was superior to a traditional HAES®-based program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dimitrov Ulian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Jéssica Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Morais Sato
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B. Benatti
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Desire Coelho
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odilon J. Roble
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sabatini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Perez
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Aburad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Vessoni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia de Sá-Pinto
- Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B. Scagliusi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Prídavková D, Samoš M, Kazimierová I, Šutarík Ľ, Fraňová S, Galajda P, Mokáň M. Insulin Pump Therapy - Influence on Body Fat Redistribution, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Ghrelin, Leptin Changes in T1D Patients. Obes Facts 2018; 11:454-464. [PMID: 30537756 PMCID: PMC6341325 DOI: 10.1159/000493734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report changes in body composition and biochemical parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) after switching from multiple daily injection (MDI) to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). METHODS 31 patients switched over from MDI to CSII. Body composition, biochemical parameters, glycaemic variability (GV) and level of physical activity were evaluated before and 6 months on CSII. RESULTS In both sexes, we found an increase in skeletal muscle mass (SMM), (p = 0.008; 0.008). In men, there was mainly a decrease in visceral fat area (VFA), (p = 0.028) and in women there was decrease of total body fat (TBF), (p = 0.020) and non-significant decrease of VFA (p = 0.098). SMM inversely correlated with VFA in men (p = -0.001) and with TBF in women (p = -0.005 ). GV was decreased generally and correlated inversely with TBF in men only (p = -0.026). Physical activity was increased and correlated inversely with VFA in men (p = -0.002) and in women (p = -0.006). CONCLUSIONS Using CSII in T1D leads to a significant increase of SMM in both sexes to a decrease of VFA in men and to a non-significant decrease of VFA in women. Changes in adipose tissue and SMM were also related to increased physical activity and to decreased GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Prídavková
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia,
| | - Matej Samoš
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kazimierová
- 1Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU and 2Department of Pharmacology JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudovít Šutarík
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Fraňová
- 1Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU and 2Department of Pharmacology JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Galajda
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Mokáň
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Rahmandita AP, Adriani M. Perbedaan Tingkat Konsumsi dan Aktivitas Fisik pada Wanita (20-54 Tahun) Obesitas Sentral dan Non Sentral. AMERTA NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v1i4.2017.266-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Central obesity cases in Indonesia gradually increase time to time. Central obesity is a situation when there is excess fat in abdomen. It can be triggered by over consumption of high calories food, less consumption of fiber, and lack of physical activities. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences of intake level and physical activity on women (20-54 years) with central and non central obesity. Methods: This study was an observational analytic comparative using cross sectional design, 58 women (29 women with central obesity and 29 women with non-central obesity) 20-54 years were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by measuring weight, height, abdominal circumference, 2x24 hours recall for intake level, and interview using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: the results showed that there was differences in intake level of energy (p=0.000), intake level of carbohydrate (p=0.001), intake level of protein (0.000), intake level of fat (p=0.000), and physical activity (0.041) between women with central obesity and non central. Meanwhile, there was no difference in intake level of fiber (p=0.076) between women with central and non central obesity. Conclusion: Women with central obesity had higher intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat compared to women with non central obesity. Meanwhile, fiber intake and physical activity were low in women with central obesity. So, women with central obesity were needed to improve energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake as recommended in the AKG and increased physical activity at least three times a week to reduce abdominal fat.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kejadian obesitas sentral di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Obesitas sentral merupakan kondisi kelebihan lemak pada daerah perut. Gaya hidup seperti mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak, rendahnya konsumsi serat, dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik dapat menyebabkan obesitas sentral.Tujuan: tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat konsumsi dan aktivitas fisik pada wanita (20-54 tahun) obesitas sentral dan non sentral.Metode: penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode observasional analitik komparasi menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional pada 58 wanita (29 obesitas sentral dan 29 obesitas non sentral) berusia 20-54 tahun dan dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data terdiri dari pengukuran berat badan, pengukuran tinggi badan, pengukuran lingkar perut, recall 2x24 jam untuk mengetahui tingkat konsumsi, dan wawancara dengan kuesioner International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat konsumsi energi (p=0,000), tingkat konsumsi karbohidrat (p=0,001), tingkat konsumsi protein (p=0,000), tingkat konsumsi lemak (p=0,000), dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,041) pada wanita obesitas sentral dan non sentral. Akan tetapi, tidak ada Xperbedaan tingkat konsumsi serat (p=0,076) pada wanita obesitas sentral dan non sentral. Kesimpulan: wanita obesitas sentral memiliki asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan wanita obesitas non sentral. Namun, asupan serat dan aktivitas fisik masih rendah pada wanita obesitas sentral. Dengan demikian maka wanita obesitas sentral diharapkan dapat memperbaiki asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak sesuai anjuran pada AKG dan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik minimal tiga kali seminggu untuk mencegah penumpukan lemak dalam perut.
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Masala G, Bendinelli B, Occhini D, Bruno RM, Caini S, Saieva C, Ungar A, Ghiadoni L, Palli D. Physical activity and blood pressure in 10,000 Mediterranean adults: The EPIC-Florence cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:670-678. [PMID: 28755806 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relevant role of physical activity (PA) in cardiovascular risk prevention is widely agreed. We aimed to evaluate, in a large Mediterranean population, the influence of PA on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), taking into account individual characteristics and lifestyle habits. METHODS AND RESULTS In the Florence section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 10,163 individuals, 35-64 years, without a previous diagnosis of hypertension were recruited. Information on occupational and leisure-time PA and blood pressure were collected at recruitment, together with data on lifestyle, dietary habits and anthropometry. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of total, occupational and leisure-time PA on SBP and DBP. Mean values of SBP and DBP in the study subjects were 124.4 (SD 15.6) and 79.7 mmHg (SD 9.4), respectively. Overall, a total PA index and an index including cycling, fitness and occupational PA (Cambridge index) were inversely associated with DBP (beta -0.87, p-value 0.02 actives vs inactives, p for trend 0.02 and beta -0.84, p value 0.003 actives vs inactives, p for trend 0.002, respectively), while SBP was associated only with the latter index (beta -1.14, p-value 0.01 actives vs inactives, p for trend 0.006). An inverse association emerged between manual/heavy manual occupation and DBP (p 0.02, ref sedentary/standing occupation) and between increasing cycling activity and SBP (p for trend 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of Mediterranean adults without a diagnosis of hypertension we confirm the role of overall PA in modulating SBP and DBP values. Cycling and manual occupations were associated with lower DBP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - B Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - D Occhini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - R M Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - C Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - A Ungar
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy.
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Minichino A, Ando' A, Francesconi M, Salatino A, Delle Chiaie R, Cadenhead K. Investigating the link between drug-naive first episode psychoses (FEPs), weight gain abnormalities and brain structural damages: Relevance and implications for therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:9-22. [PMID: 28363765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that obesity and overweight may be associated with severe brain structural abnormalities and poor cognitive and functional outcomes in the general population. Despite these observations and the high prevalence of weight gain abnormalities in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs), no studies have investigated the impact that these metabolic disturbances may have on brain structures and development in the earliest stages of PSDs. In the present review we shed light on the association between weight gain and brain structural abnormalities that may affect the course of illness in drug-naïve FEPs. Given the lack of studies directly investigating this issue, we firstly identified and critically evaluated the literature assessing weight gain abnormalities and gray or white matter (GM, WM) volumes (either globally or in specific regions of interest) in otherwise healthy obese/overweight adolescents and young adults. We then compared the results of this systematic review with those of two recent meta-analysis investigating GM and WM abnormalities in drug-naïve FEPs. Weight gain in otherwise healthy subjects was consistently associated with frontal and temporal GM atrophy and with reduced integrity of WM in the corpus callosum. Of relevance, all these brain regions are affected in drug-naïve FEPs, and their integrity is associated with clinical, cognitive and functional outcomes. The underlying mechanisms that may explain the association between weight gain, adiposity, and brain damage in both healthy subjects and drug-naïve FEPs are widely discussed. On the basis of this knowledge, we tried: a) to deduce an integrative model for the development of obesity in psychosis spectrum disorders; b) to identify the key vulnerability factors underlying the association between weight gain and psychosis; c) to provide information on new potential targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Minichino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Francesconi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States
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A Structure for Lifestyle Medicine. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-810401-9.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Drenowatz C, Hand GA, Sagner M, Shook RP, Burgess S, Blair SN. The Prospective Association between Different Types of Exercise and Body Composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2535-41. [PMID: 25970664 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the widely accepted benefits of exercise on chronic disease risk, controversy remains on the role of exercise in weight loss. This study examined the effect of different exercise types on measures of adiposity across different fat categories. METHODS A total of 348 young adults (49% male; 28 ± 4 yr), participating in an ongoing observational study provided valid data over a period of 12 months. Fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured via dual x-ray absorptiometry every 3 months. Percent body fat was calculated and used to differentiate between normal-fat, "overfat," and obese participants. At each measurement time point, participants reported engagement (min·wk) in aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and other forms of exercise. RESULTS Most participants (93%) reported some exercise participation during the observation period. Total exercise or specific exercise types did not significantly affect subsequent body mass index after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, age, and baseline values of adiposity and exercise. Resistance exercise affected LM (P < 0.01) and FM (P < 0.01), whereas aerobic exercise only affected FM (P < 0.01). Any exercise type positively affected LM in normal-fat participants (P < 0.04). In overfat and obese participants, FM was reduced with increasing resistance exercise (P ≤ 0.02) but not with aerobic exercise (P ≥ 0.09). Additionally adjusting for objectively assessed total physical activity level did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited effects on body mass index, exercise was associated with beneficial changes in body composition. Exercise increased LM in normal-fat participants and reduced FM in overfat and obese adults. Adults with excess body fat may benefit particularly from resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- 1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 3European Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Paris, FRANCE; 4Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; 5College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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de Carvalho FP, Benfato ID, Moretto TL, Barthichoto M, de Oliveira CAM. Voluntary running decreases nonexercise activity in lean and diet-induced obese mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:249-56. [PMID: 27497922 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine whether voluntary wheel running triggers compensatory changes in nonexercise activity in lean and high-fat diet fed mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice received a control (C) or a high-fat diet (H) and half of them had free access to a running wheel 5days/week (CE and HE, respectively) for 10weeks. Energy intake, nonexercise activity (global activity, distance covered and average speed of displacement in the home cage) and energy expenditure (EE) were evaluated at weeks 5 and 10 during the 2days without the wheels. RESULTS High-fat diet increased weight gain in H (110%) and HE (60%) groups compared to C and CE groups, respectively, with no effect of exercise. Wheel running increased energy intake (26% CE, 11% HE in week 5; 7% CE, 45% HE in week 10) and decreased distance covered (26% for both CE and HE in week 5; 35% CE and 13% HE in week 10) and average speed (35% CE and 13% HE in week 5; 45% CE and 18% HE in week 10) compared to the respective nonexercised groups. In week 10 there was an interaction between diet and exercise for global activity, which was reduced nearly 18% in CE, H, and HE groups compared to C. Access to a running wheel increased EE in week 5 (11% CE and 16% HE) but not in week 10, which is consistent with the period of highest running (number of turns: weeks 1-5 nearly 100%>weeks 6-10 for CE and HE groups). EE was reduced in H (19%) and HE (12%) groups compared to C and CE, in week 10. CONCLUSION Voluntary running causes a compensatory decrease in nonexercise activity and an increase in energy intake, both contributing to the lack of effect of exercise on body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Ludmilla Moretto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Barthichoto
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Turner JE. Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime "dose" of exercise? Biogerontology 2016; 17:581-602. [PMID: 27023222 PMCID: PMC4889625 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence, is well characterised within the adaptive immune system, and in particular, among T cells. Hallmarks of immunosenescence measured in the T cell pool, include low numbers and proportions of naïve cells, high numbers and proportions of late-stage differentiated effector memory cells, poor proliferative responses to mitogens, and a CD4:CD8 ratio <1.0. These changes are largely driven by infection with Cytomegalovirus, which has been directly linked with increased inflammatory activity, poor responses to vaccination, frailty, accelerated cognitive decline, and early mortality. It has been suggested however, that exercise might exert an anti-immunosenescence effect, perhaps delaying the onset of immunological ageing or even rejuvenating aged immune profiles. This theory has been developed on the basis of evidence that exercise is a powerful stimulus of immune function. For example, in vivo antibody responses to novel antigens can be improved with just minutes of exercise undertaken at the time of vaccination. Further, lymphocyte immune-surveillance, whereby cells search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation, is thought to be facilitated by the transient lymphocytosis and subsequent lymphocytopenia induced by exercise bouts. Moreover, some forms of exercise are anti-inflammatory, and if repeated regularly over the lifespan, there is a lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with an immunological and inflammatory aetiology. The aim of this article is to discuss recent theories for how exercise might influence T cell immunosenescence, exploring themes in the context of hotly debated issues in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Sex differences in the rate of abdominal adipose accrual during adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1278-85. [PMID: 27005404 PMCID: PMC4970892 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate sex differences in the rate of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accrual in adults. Secondary analyses examined differences in the rate of VAT and SAT accrual in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women. Subjects/Methods Participants were 472 (60% female) non-Hispanic whites, aged 18-84 years at baseline in whom abdominal VAT and SAT were assessed using multiple-image magnetic resonance imaging at two time points, with an average follow-up of 7.3 ± 2.6 years. Linear regression models were used to examine the effects of sex, baseline age and their interaction on rate of change per year in body composition measures (ΔBMI, ΔVAT, and ΔVAT/SAT ratio (ΔVSR)) independent of baseline body composition measures, visit year, income, marital status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake. Secondary analyses examined differences in rate of fat change by menopausal status (pre, peri, post). Results Levels of BMI, VAT, and VSR all increased over the 7 year period on average (p<.001); however, the change in BMI (mean ΔBMI = +0.5%) was far smaller than for VAT (mean ΔVAT= +6.8%), SAT (mean ΔSAT = +2.4%), and VSR (mean ΔVSR = +3.6%). ΔBMI, ΔVAT, and ΔSAT decreased linearly with age in both sexes (p<0.01), such that older individuals had lower rates of BMI, VAT, and SAT gain, and this deceleration in BMI, VAT, and SAT accrual was greater in men than women (p for interaction <0.05). ΔVSR did not vary with age in either sex, but remained higher in men than women throughout adulthood. There were no differences in rate of weight or fat gain by menopausal status after adjustment for age. Conclusions Men and women continue to accrue abdominal adiposity with age, but the rate of weight and fat gain decreases over time, particularly in men.
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Kuk JL, Wharton S. Differences in weight change trajectory patterns in a publicly funded adult weight management centre. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:215-223. [PMID: 29071099 PMCID: PMC5523699 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe differences in weight loss (WL) trajectory patterns at a publicly funded clinical weight management centre. Methods Groups with differences in the attainment of a 5% total body WL and percentage WL patterns over time were identified in 7,121 patients who attended a physician lead multi‐disciplinary clinical lifestyle weight management that predominantly focused on education and diet counselling. Resultant health differences were examined. Results Patients had 3.2 ± 6.3%WL with 35% of patients achieving and maintaining a 5%WL. Half of these patients achieved the 5%WL within 6 months, while the other half had a more gradual approach. Another 10% achieved 5%WL, but regained weight after 6 months. There were seven distinct WL patterns identified: LargeWL (Mean WL: 21.2 ± 8.1%; Probability of group membership (PGM): 2.4%), ModerateWL (15.1 ± 5.1%WL; 5.4%PGM), SlowWL (6.7 ± 3.2%WL; 20.1%PGM) and MinimalWL (2.4 ± 2.2%WL; 34.6%PGM), WL Regain (9.4 ± 3.5%WL; 8.2%PGM), Weight Stable (1.2 ± 3.2%WL; 28.5%PGM) and Weight Gain (18.4 ± 11.2%WG; 0.8%PGM) groups. Improvements in blood pressure, lipids and glucose were generally related to the magnitude of WL achieved more than the pattern or speed of WL. Conclusions There are large differences in the absolute WL attained and the pattern of WL during a publicly funded weight management program. Changes in clinical health markers appear to be more strongly related with the absolute WL attained as opposed to patterns of weight change. © 2016 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, World Obesity and The Obesity Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Canada
| | - S Wharton
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Canada.,The Wharton Medical Clinic Hamilton Canada
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Neergaard JS, Dragsbæk K, Hansen HB, Henriksen K, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Late-Life Risk Factors for All-Cause Dementia and Differential Dementia Diagnoses in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3112. [PMID: 26986157 PMCID: PMC4839938 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first evidence of a decline in dementia incidence was reported in 2011, the focus on modifiable risk factors has increased. The possibility of risk factor intervention as a prevention strategy has been widely discussed; however, further evidence in relation to risk factors is still needed. The Prospective Epidemiologic Risk Factor (PERF I) study was an observational prospective study of postmenopausal Danish women who were initially examined between 1999 and 2001 (n = 5855). Follow-up data on diagnosis and survival as of December 31, 2014 was retrieved from the National Danish Patient Registry and the National Danish Causes of Death Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for selected risk factors for dementia. Of 5512 eligible subjects, 592 developed dementia within the follow-up period of maximum 15 years. The independent factors associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia were depression (HR = 1.75 [95% CI 1.32-2.34]) and impaired fasting glucose levels. A dose-response relationship was observed between fasting glucose level and risk of dementia with HRs of 1.25 [1.05-1.49] and 1.45 [1.03-2.06] for impaired (5.6-6.9 mmol/L) and hyperglycemic (≥7.0 mmol/L) glucose levels, respectively. The factors associated with a decreased risk of dementia were overweight in late-life (HR = 0.75 [0. 62-0.89]) and physical activity at least once weekly (HR = 0.77 [0.61-0.96]). The identified risk factors for dementia in women in late-life are all considered modifiable. This supports the notion that prevention strategies may improve the poor future prospects for dementias in the ageing population.
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Moriyama K, Takahashi E. HDL2/HDL3 Ratio Changes, Metabolic Syndrome Markers, and Other Factors in a Japanese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 23:704-12. [PMID: 26686740 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND METHODS The high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-C) to HDL3-C ratio is associated with insulin resistance, high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-Ad), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and is useful for evaluating MetS in Japanese individuals. We investigated potential associations between changes in HDL2-C/HDL3-C and changes in MetS components, insulin resistance, adipocytokine, lipids, and lifestyle habits in 892 Japanese subjects who underwent annual health examinations twice at a mean interval of 1.1 years. Study subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of HDL2-C/HDL3-C changes. RESULTS Average changes in waist circumference (WC) and HDL-C were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in the 0 to <0.5 and ≥0.5 HDL2-C/HDL3-C change groups compared with those in the reference group (<0 HDL2-C/HDL3-C change). Among MetS components, average changes in HDL2-C/HDL3-C were associated with changes in WC and HDL-C. Average changes in HMW-Ad and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the ≥0.5 HDL2-C/HDL3-C change group compared with those in the reference group. In addition, the average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) gradually decreased as HDL2-C/HDL3-C increased. The average change in LDL-C was significantly lower in the 0 to <0.5 and ≥0.5 HDL2-C/HDL3-C change groups than in the reference group. Moreover, a ≥0.5 HDL2-C/HDL3-C change positively correlated with good lifestyle statuses in terms of smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Changes in HDL2-C/HDL3-C inversely correlated with changes in WC, insulin resistance, and LDL-C and positively correlated with HMW-Ad and good lifestyle habits. Therefore, HDL2-C/HDL3-C changes comprise a useful marker for both MetS and atherogenic conditions in Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Domene PA, Moir HJ, Pummell E, Knox A, Easton C. The health-enhancing efficacy of Zumba® fitness: An 8-week randomised controlled study. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1396-404. [PMID: 26571136 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a holistic understanding of the efficacy of Zumba® fitness in a community-recruited cohort of overweight and physically inactive women by evaluating (i) its physiological effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers and (ii) its mental health-enhancing effects on factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants were randomly assigned to either engagement in one to two 1 h classes of Zumba® fitness weekly (intervention group; n = 10) or maintenance of habitual activity (control group; n = 10). Laboratory assessments were conducted pre- (week 0) and post-intervention (week 8) with anthropometric, physiological, inflammatory and HRQoL data collected. In the intervention group, maximal oxygen uptake significantly increased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.56) by 3.1 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1), per cent body fat significantly decreased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.42) by -1.2%, and interleukin-6 and white blood cell (WBC) count both significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by -0.4 pg · mL(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.96) and -2.1 × 10(9) cells · L(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.87), respectively. Large magnitude enhancements were observed in the HRQoL factors of physical functioning, general health, energy/fatigue and emotional well-being. When interpreted in a community-based physical activity and psychosocial health promotion context, our data suggest that Zumba® fitness is indeed an efficacious health-enhancing activity for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Domene
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Moir
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Pummell
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Allan Knox
- b Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Easton
- b Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , United Kingdom
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Sofková T, Přidalová M. Somatic characteristics in relation to meeting recommended physical activity in overweight and obese women aged 30-60 years. ACTA GYMNICA 2015. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2015.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cabassa LJ, Stefancic A, O'Hara K, El-Bassel N, Lewis-Fernández R, Luchsinger JA, Gates L, Younge R, Wall M, Weinstein L, Palinkas LA. Peer-led healthy lifestyle program in supportive housing: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:388. [PMID: 26329472 PMCID: PMC4557630 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk for obesity is twice as high in people with serious mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. Racial and ethnic minority status contribute additional health risks. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of a Hybrid Trial Type 1 design that will test the effectiveness and examine the implementation of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention in supportive housing agencies serving diverse clients with serious mental illness who are overweight or obese. Methods The Hybrid Trial Type 1 design will combine a randomized effectiveness trial with a mixed-methods implementation study. The effectiveness trial will test the health impacts of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention versus usual care in supportive housing agencies. The healthy lifestyle intervention is derived from the Group Lifestyle Balanced Program, lasts 12 months, and will be delivered by trained peer specialists. Repeated assessments will be conducted at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months post randomization. A mixed-methods (e.g., structured interviews, focus groups, surveys) implementation study will be conducted to examine multi-level implementation factors and processes that can inform the use of the healthy lifestyle intervention in routine practice, using data from agency directors, program managers, staff, and peer specialists before, during, and after the implementation of the effectiveness trial. Discussion This paper describes the use of a hybrid research design that blends effectiveness trial methodologies and implementation science rarely used when studying the physical health of people with SMI and can serve as a model for integrating implementation science and health disparities research. Rigorously testing effectiveness and exploring the implementation process are both necessary steps to establish the evidence for large-scale delivery of peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention to improve the physical health of racial/ethnic minorities with SMI. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02175641, registered 24 June 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo J Cabassa
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Ana Stefancic
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Kathleen O'Hara
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | | | - José A Luchsinger
- Columbia University Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Lauren Gates
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Richard Younge
- New York Presbyterian, Family Medicine, 610 West 158th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Melanie Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Lara Weinstein
- Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Lawrence A Palinkas
- University of Southern California School of Social Work, University Park, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Biting off more than we can chew: is BMI the correct standard for bariatric surgery eligibility? Br J Gen Pract 2015; 65:482-3. [PMID: 26324489 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp15x686665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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de Deus RM, Mingoti SA, Jaime PC, Lopes ACS. The impact of a nutritional intervention on the nutritional status and anthropometric profile of participants in the health Gym Programme in Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:1937-46. [PMID: 26060972 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015206.11882014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention implemented under the Programa Academia da Saúde (Health Gym Programme) of Belo Horizonte, MG on the nutritional status and anthropometric profile of participants. Intervention study involving participants in the Health Gym Programme which encompasses group food and nutrition education activities over a period of 11 months combined with regular physical activity. Impact was assessed by comparing nutritional and anthropometric indicators in women participants who were divided into two groups according to their participation rate in the intervention. A total of 124 women were evaluated, results showed an increase in the number of daily meals (p<0.001) among all participants. Participants whose participation rate was less than 50% (n = 61) reduced their daily consumption of sugary soft drinks (p = 0.03), while those whose participation rate was 50% and over (n = 63) reduced daily per capita intake of oil (p = 0.01) and sugar (p = 0.002), increased their consumption of fruit (p = 0. 004), and milk and dairy products (p = 0.02), and also experienced weight loss (-1.3 ± 3.9kg; p = 0.02). The findings show the importance of combining nutritional interventions with physical activity to ensure positive impacts on the nutritional status and anthropometric profile of participants in the Health Gym Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mendonça de Deus
- Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
| | | | | | - Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
- Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
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Aschbrenner K, Mueser K, Bartels S, Carpenter-Song E, Pratt S, Barre L, Naslund J, Kinney A. The other 23 hours: a qualitative study of fitness provider perspectives on social support for health promotion for adults with mental illness. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2015; 40:91-9. [PMID: 26027417 PMCID: PMC4462649 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Current efforts to reduce the increased risk of premature death from preventable cardiovascular disease among adults with serious mental illness (SMI) through lifestyle change have had limited success. Engaging informal support systems to promote healthy behaviors in everyday life may increase the effectiveness of health promotion interventions targeting this at-risk population. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 fitness trainers serving adults with SMI in a health promotion program at community mental health centers to explore their perspectives on the potential of enlisting support from significant others for health behavior change. Trainers reported that the majority of participants had a relative or significant other who influenced their health behaviors, and they saw potential value in involving them in efforts to improve health outcomes by extending support into participants' daily lives. They did not feel qualified to work with families of individuals with mental illness, but they were willing to partner with providers who had experience in this area. Social workers who practice with families could play a critical role on health promotion teams addressing cardiovascular risk in adults with SMI by using their skills and experiences to engage families in supporting a relative through the process of health behavior change.
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Melesse DY, Halli SS, Tate RB. Variations over four decades in body mass index trajectories prior to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: The Manitoba Follow-up Study, 1948-2007. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2015; 106:e95-100. [PMID: 26125248 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the variations in body mass index (BMI) trajectories during the 20 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over four decades between 1968 and 2007. METHODS Longitudinal measurements of BMI from 437 men, all with a diagnosis of T2DM, were used in the analysis. A mixed method approach was used to fit individual patterns of BMI measurements during the 20 years before diagnosis of T2DM. RESULTS The mean BMI at diagnosis was 26.7 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval, 26.4-27.1). Compared with men whose condition was diagnosed between 1968 and 1977, for men with a diagnosis between 1978 and 2007 the mean BMI about 10 years before diagnosis significantly increased by 0.92 to 1.54 BMI units. Decades also varied in how long there was a persistent increase in BMI during the 20 years before diagnosis. The rate of change in mean BMI among men whose T2DM was diagnosed in the most recent two decades increased by 8.8% to 22.6% during the 10-year interval before diagnosis, but there was no significant difference among men given a diagnosis between 1978 and 1987. The quadratic trend of BMI prior to diagnosis was also significantly affected by age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The BMI trajectories during the 20 years leading up to T2DM varied by decade of diagnosis. The increase in BMI persisted for much longer among relatively younger men with a diagnosis in more recent decades. Strategies to prevent T2DM, informed by the pattern of BMI trajectories, should be customized to consider a potential age-period effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessalegn Y Melesse
- The Centre for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba.
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Sabourin BC, Stewart SH, Watt MC, Krigolson OE. Running as Interoceptive Exposure for Decreasing Anxiety Sensitivity: Replication and Extension. Cogn Behav Ther 2015; 44:264-74. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1015163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nadeau DA. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in self-motivated patients: optimized diet, exercise, and medication for weight loss and cardiometabolic fitness. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2014; 42:49-59. [PMID: 25419888 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2014.11.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health problem with significant lifetime health care costs. The majority of Americans do not achieve minimal targets for exercise, and individuals with T2DM typically engage in less exercise than the general adult population. However, those patients with T2DM who are sufficiently self-motivated to manage their condition have the potential to reverse diabetes and prevent its complications through behavioral and pharmacologic interventions. Marked improvements are possible through increased awareness and selection of healthy eating options, a willingness to incorporate vigorous exercise into their lifestyle, and the use of newer medications that essentially eliminate the risk of hypoglycemia while facilitating weight loss and the achievement of ideal glucose targets. For self-motivated patients, daily aerobic activity of 45 to 60 minutes per day may be a suitable target. For those who have cardiovascular clearance, high-intensity interval training accomplishes high levels of cardiometabolic fitness with shorter training periods by alternating moderate and intense exertion. Suitable medications that have a low risk of hypoglycemia during exercise include metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 inhibitors. Specific daily caloric goals and incorporation of a mainly plant-based diet should be considered as a primary target for diabetes management. Self-management is important to achieving diabetes treatment goals, and mobile applications can be useful tools to support lifestyle changes in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Nadeau
- Kris V. Iyer Endowed Chair in Diabetes Care, Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, CA.
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Ross R, Blair S, de Lannoy L, Després JP, Lavie CJ. Changing the endpoints for determining effective obesity management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:330-6. [PMID: 25459976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities worldwide recommend weight loss as a primary endpoint for effective obesity management. Despite a growing public awareness of the importance of weight loss and the spending of billions of dollars by Americans in attempts to lose weight, obesity prevalence continues to rise. In this report we argue that effective obesity management in today's environment will require a shift in focus from weight loss as the primary endpoint, to improvements in the causal behaviors; diet and exercise/physical activity (PA). We reason that increases in PA combined with a balanced diet are associated with improvement in many of the intermediate risk factors including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) associated with obesity despite minimal or no weight loss. Consistent with this notion, we suggest that a focus on healthy behaviors for the prevention of additional weight gain may be an effective way of managing obesity in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Steve Blair
- Department of Exercise Science and Department of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Louise de Lannoy
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Bosomworth NJ. Evolution of lipid management guidelines: evidence might set you free. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2014; 60:612-7, e333-9. [PMID: 25022632 PMCID: PMC4096258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand how the new guidelines for management of cardiovascular risk by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology (AHA-ACC) can be interpreted and used in a Canadian setting. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The AHA-ACC guidelines were reviewed, along with all references. Independent PubMed searches were done to include the addition of other lipid-lowering therapy to statins and the use of medical calculators to enhance patient understanding. MAIN MESSAGE The new AHA-ACC guidelines are based on the best current evidence related to lipid management. This includes use of 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as the treatment threshold in place of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as abandonment of low-density lipoprotein treatment targets. There is increased emphasis on dietary and exercise interventions, with the beginning of an effort to quantify the effect of these interventions. Statins are the main drug intervention, and the addition of other drugs to augment lipid lowering is no longer recommended. For application in Canada, Framingham risk tables are more appropriate for risk assessment than the pooled cohort equations used in the United States. Risk calculators for CVD risk should contain information on cardiovascular age and have the ability to represent risk and alternative interventions graphically in order to improve patient understanding and promote informed decision making. CONCLUSION Focus on the best evidence in CVD risk can simplify lipid management for both the physician and the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N John Bosomworth
- An honorary lecturer in the Department of Family Practice at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC.
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Health communication cards as a tool for behaviour change. ISRN OBESITY 2014; 2014:579083. [PMID: 24688799 PMCID: PMC3960901 DOI: 10.1155/2014/579083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals seeking healthcare treatment in the context of obesity often experience difficulty engaging in discussions around their health and face challenges finding consensus with practitioners on care plans that best suit their lives. The complex set of biological, social, and environmental variables that have contributed to the higher prevalence of obesity are well illustrated in the foresight obesity system map. Effectively understanding and addressing key variables for each individual has proven to be difficult, with clinicians facing barriers and limited resources to help address patients' unique needs. However, productive discussions inspired by patient centered care may be particularly effective in promoting behaviour change. Tools based on systems science that facilitate patient centered care and help identify behaviour change priorities have not been developed to help treat adult obesity. This project created and pilot tested a card based clinical communication tool designed to help facilitate conversations with individuals engaged in health behaviour change. The health communication cards were designed to help direct conversation between patients and healthcare providers toward issues relevant to the individual. Use of the cards to facilitate patient driven conversations in clinical care may help to streamline conversations, set realistic care plan goals, and improve long term rates of compliance.
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Sofková T, Přidalová M, Pelclová J. The effect of movement intervention for women attending courses in weight reduction. ACTA GYMNICA 2014. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2014.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kim S, Kim JY, Lee DC, Lee HS, Lee JW, Jeon JY. Distribution of abdominal obesity and fitness level in overweight and obese korean adults. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:854392. [PMID: 24723950 PMCID: PMC3958687 DOI: 10.1155/2014/854392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Abdominal obesity and its relative distribution are known to differ in association with metabolic characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aimed to determine an association between fitness level and abdominal adiposity in overweight and obese adults. Methods. 228 overweight and obese individuals were classified as either cardiorespiratory unfit or fit based on their recovery heart rate. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VAT/SAT ratio), and cardiometabolic characteristics were analyzed to examine the relationship between recovery heart rate and abdominal adiposity components. Results. After adjustments for age and sex, significant relationships of recovery heart rate and VAT, SAT, and VAT/SAT ratio were found; however, SAT was not significantly associated after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.045, P = 0.499), whereas VAT (r = 0.232, P < 0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (r = 0.214, P = 0.001) remained associated. Through stepwise multiple regression analyses after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lifestyle factors, mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and hsCRP, recovery heart rate was identified as an independent variable associated with VAT (β = 0.204, P < 0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (β = 0.163, P = 0.008) but not with SAT (β = 0.097, P = 0.111). Conclusions. Cardiorespiratory fitness level is independently associated with VAT and the VAT/SAT ratio but not with SAT in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Units, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- *Ji-Won Lee: and
| | - Justin Y. Jeon
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
- *Justin Y. Jeon:
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