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Jain N, Bedi M, Varshney V. A study of post exercise hypotension in normotensive offspring of hypertensives after acute exercise. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:311-316. [PMID: 37861625 PMCID: PMC10720957 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2952_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Post exercise hypotension (PEH) is a well-known entity in hypertensive and borderline hypertensive patients. Since the results are inconsistent in normotensives and there is a genetic predisposition of the individuals to hypertension, we hypothesized that PEH is expected to occur in those normotensives who are offspring of hypertensive parents. In this study, we therefore aimed to compare the magnitude of PEH after an acute bout of moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in the offspring of hypertensives vs. offspring of normotensives. Methods Sixty normotensive participants of both genders (male and female in equal proportion), aged 18-40 yr, were divided into two groups based on their family history of hypertension. The cases (Group 1, n=30) consisted of the normotensives who were offspring of hypertensive parents while the normotensives who were offspring of normotensive parents were taken as the controls (Group 2, n=30). The hypertensive patients were excluded from the study. The individuals underwent a control session (sitting at rest for 5-10 min), followed by a single acute bout of MICE based on the target heart rate (60-70% of maximum heart rate) on a treadmill at the same time of the day (in the morning). The pre- and post-exercise measurements (after 10 min post exercise) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were taken in all the participants using mercury sphygmomanometer in sitting position on the left arm. The intergroup and intragroup net effects of exercise on BP were compared with P<0.05 considered significant. Results The mean SBP was reduced by 5 mmHg than the baseline in the offspring of hypertensives (cases) as compared to the controls after exercise (P=0.01). The fall in mean DBP and MAP was insignificant across both the groups, but the magnitude of PEH measured as delta changes (BP before and after exercise) in SBP (~5 mmHg) and MAP (~4 mmHg) were significantly higher for the cases as compared to the controls (P=0.01). Interpretation & conclusions PEH occurs in higher magnitude in normotensives who are genetically predisposed to hypertension, such as offspring of hypertensive parents, and may find regular exercise-induced PEH as an important primary preventive tool to prevent or delay the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Physiology, World College of Medical Science & Hospital, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Mona Bedi
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
| | - V.P. Varshney
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
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Lizamore CA, Stoner L, Kathiravel Y, Elliott J, Hamlin MJ. Does intermittent hypoxic exposure enhance the cardioprotective effect of exercise in an inactive population? Front Physiol 2022; 13:1005113. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise supplemented with passive intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) improved overall cardiovascular disease risk and individual risk factors. Participants were randomized to exercise-only (Ex, n = 18, 5 males, 13 females; age: 56.4 ± 6.5 years; weight: 81.2 ± 15.9; height: 167.3 ± 8.42) or exercise + IHE (IHE + Ex, n = 16; 6 males, 10 females; age: 56.7 ± 6.4 years; weight: 78.6 ± 12.4 kg; height: 168.0 ± 8.8 cm). Both groups received the same strength and aerobic exercise training (1 h, 3 days/wk, 10 weeks). IHE + Ex also received IHE (5 min hypoxia: 5 min ambient air ×6) for 2–3 days/wk. Measurements were collected before (Baseline), after (Post), and 4- and 8-week following the intervention. There were small, beneficial reductions in overall 5- year cardiovascular risk in both groups. At Post, for IHE + Ex compared to IHE there were unclear to likely improvements in high density lipoprotein (8.0% ± 8.0%), systolic blood pressure (−3.4% ± 3.4%) and VO2peak (3.1% ± 7.7%). These improvements persisted at 8-week. There was an unclear improvement in arterial wave reflection (augmentation index) at Post (−6.1% ± 18.4%, unclear), but became very likely harmful at 8-week (8-week: 24.8% ± 19.7%). The conflicting findings indicate that in inactive adults, the addition of IHE to exercise may be beneficial to systemic markers of cardiovascular health but may also increase myocardial load due to increased arterial wave reflection.
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The National ReferAll Database: An Open Dataset of Exercise Referral Schemes Across the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094831. [PMID: 33946537 PMCID: PMC8124854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) called for the development of a system to collate local data on exercise referral schemes (ERS). This database would be used to facilitate continued evaluation of ERS. The use of health databases can spur scientific investigation and the generation of evidence regarding healthcare practice. NICE’s recommendation has not yet been met by public health bodies. Through collaboration between ukactive, ReferAll, a specialist in software solutions for exercise referral, and the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, which has its research hub at the Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, in Sheffield, data has been collated from multiple UK-based ERS to generate one of the largest databases of its kind. This database moves the research community towards meeting NICEs recommendation. This paper describes the formation and open sharing of The National ReferAll Database, data-cleaning processes, and its structure, including outcome measures. Collating data from 123 ERSs on 39,283 individuals, a database has been created containing both scheme and referral level characteristics in addition to outcome measures over time. The National ReferAll Database is openly available for researchers to interrogate. The National ReferAll Database represents a potentially valuable resource for the wider research community, as well as policy makers and practitioners in this area, which will facilitate a better understanding of ERS and other physical-activity-related social prescribing pathways to help inform public health policy and practice.
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Shaikh F, Kjølllesdal MK, Carslake D, Stoltenberg C, Davey Smith G, Næss Ø. Birthweight in offspring and cardiovascular mortality in their parents, aunts and uncles: a family-based cohort study of 1.35 million births. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:205-215. [PMID: 31325357 PMCID: PMC7124506 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A link between suboptimal fetal growth and higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well documented. It has been difficult to assess the contribution of environmental versus genetic factors to the association, as these factors are closely connected in nuclear families. We investigated the association between offspring birthweight and CVD mortality in parents, aunts and uncles, and examined whether these associations are explained by CVD risk factors. Methods We linked Norwegian data from the Medical Birth Registry, the Cause of Death Registry and cardiovascular surveys. A total of 1 353 956 births (1967–2012) were linked to parents and one maternal and one paternal aunt/uncle. Offspring birthweight and CVD mortality association among all relationships was assessed by hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regressions. The influence of CVD risk factors on the associations was examined in a subgroup. Results Offspring birthweight was inversely associated with CVD mortality among parents and aunts/uncles. HR of CVD mortality for one standard deviation (SD) increase in offspring birthweight was 0.72 (0.69–0.75) in mothers and 0.89 (0.86–0.92) in fathers. In aunts/uncles, the HRs were between 0.90 (0.86–0.95) and 0.93 (0.91–0.95). Adjustment for CVD risk factors in a subgroup attenuated all the associations. Conclusions Birthweight was associated with increased risk of CVD in parents and in aunts/uncles. These associations were largely explained by CVD risk factors. Our findings suggest that associations between offspring birthweight and CVD in adult relatives involve both behavioural variables (especially smoking) and shared genetics relating to established CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Shaikh
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David Carslake
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Association of Endothelial Function with Parental Hypertension in Normotensive-Obese African-American Women: A Pilot Study. Adv Prev Med 2019; 2019:5854219. [PMID: 30863643 PMCID: PMC6378072 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5854219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese African-American (AA) women are at high risk of hypertension (HT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial augmentation index (AI) are measures of endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Whether endothelial function and arterial stiffness predict risk of HT or CVD in obese African-American women with, versus without, parental histories of HT and whether aerobic exercise is an effective countermeasure remain unclear. The capacity for FMD is partly heritable. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that less FMD and greater AI may be found in normotensive-obese, young-adult (18-26 year-old) AA women with hypertensive parents (n=10) than in a matched control group with normotensive parents (n=10) and that a single bout of aerobic exercise improves both endothelial function and arterial stiffness, with less improvement in the women with hypertensive parents. We studied each subject while at rest, 20 min before and 20 min after, 30 min of aerobic exercise. The exercise-induced changes and parental hypertension-related differences in AI were not significant. The exercise increased FMD in both of the groups with no significant difference in magnitude between the women with hypertensive and normotensive parents. FMD was significantly less in the women with hypertensive parents than in the women with normotensive parents after, but not before, the exercise (mean ±95% confidence interval of 11.3 ± 4.9% vs. 15.6 ± 4.9%, P=0.05). These findings suggest that a 30-min bout of aerobic exercise may improve FMD and unmask endothelial dysfunction in normotensive-obese, young-adult AA women with parental histories of HT. Future studies should determine whether regular aerobic exercise protects obese AA women from the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and prevents CVD in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Pierce
- From the Department of Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (G.L.P.), and UIHC Center for Hypertension Research (G.L.P.), The University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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Nederend I, Schutte NM, Bartels M, Ten Harkel ADJ, de Geus EJC. Heritability of heart rate recovery and vagal rebound after exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2167-2176. [PMID: 27614881 PMCID: PMC5118411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic power of heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise has been well established but the exact origin of individual differences in HRR remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the heritability of HRR and vagal rebound after maximal exercise in adolescents. Furthermore, the role of voluntary regular exercise behavior (EB) in HRR and vagal rebound is tested. Methods 491 healthy adolescent twins and their siblings were recruited for maximal exercise testing, followed by a standardized cooldown with measurement of the electrocardiogram and respiratory frequency. Immediate and long-term HRR (HRR60 and HRR180) and vagal rebound (heart rate variability in the respiratory frequency range) were assessed 1 and 3 min after exercise. Multivariate twin modeling was used to estimate heritability of all measured variables and to compute the genetic contribution to their covariance. Results Heritability of HRR60, HRR180 and immediate and long-term vagal rebound is 60 % (95 % CI: 48–67), 65 % (95 % CI: 54–73), 23 % (95 % CI: 11–35) and 3 % (95 % CI: 0–11), respectively. We find evidence for two separate genetic factors with one factor influencing overall cardiac vagal control, including resting heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and a specific factor for cardiac vagal exercise recovery. EB was only modestly associated with resting heart rate (r = −0.27) and HRR (rHRR60 = 0.10; rHRR180 = 0.19) with very high genetic contribution to these associations (88–91 %). Conclusions Individual differences in HRR and immediate vagal rebound can to a large extent be explained by genetic factors. These innate cardiac vagal exercise recovery factors partly reflect the effects of heritable differences in EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Nederend
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, LUMC University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke M Schutte
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, LUMC University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andersson C, Quiroz R, Enserro D, Larson MG, Hamburg NM, Vita JA, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Mitchell GF, Vasan RS. Association of Parental Hypertension With Arterial Stiffness in Nonhypertensive Offspring: The Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 2016; 68:584-9. [PMID: 27456526 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High arterial stiffness seems to be causally involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that offspring of parents with hypertension may display higher arterial stiffness before clinically manifest hypertension, given that hypertension is a heritable condition. We compared arterial tonometry measures in a sample of 1564 nonhypertensive Framingham Heart Study third-generation cohort participants (mean age: 38 years; 55% women) whose parents were enrolled in the Framingham Offspring Study. A total of 468, 715, and 381 participants had 0 (referent), 1, and 2 parents with hypertension. Parental hypertension was associated with greater offspring mean arterial pressure (multivariable-adjusted estimate=2.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-3.9, and 4.2 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-5.5, for 1 and 2 parents with hypertension, respectively; P<0.001 for both) and with greater forward pressure wave amplitude (1.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-2.7, and 1.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-3.2, for 1 and 2 parents with hypertension, respectively; P=0.003 for both). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index displayed similar dose-dependent relations with parental hypertension in sex-, age-, and height-adjusted models, but associations were attenuated on further adjustment. Offspring with at least 1 parent in the upper quartile of augmentation index and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity had significantly higher values themselves (P≤0.02). In conclusion, in this community-based sample of young, nonhypertensive adults, we observed greater arterial stiffness in offspring of parents with hypertension. These observations are consistent with higher vascular stiffness at an early stage in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.).
| | - Rene Quiroz
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Danielle Enserro
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Martin G Larson
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Joseph A Vita
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From Boston University's and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., M.G.L., D.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.); Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark (C.A.); Cardiology Clinic of San Antonio, TX (R.Q.); Department of Epidemiology (D.E., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (M.G.L.); Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.M.H., J.A.V., E.J.B., R.S.V.) and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (D.L.); and Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
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Denham J, O'Brien BJ, Prestes PR, Brown NJ, Charchar FJ. Increased expression of telomere-regulating genes in endurance athletes with long leukocyte telomeres. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:148-58. [PMID: 26586905 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00587.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomeres shorten with age, and excessive shortening is associated with age-related cardiometabolic diseases. Exercise training may prevent disease through telomere length maintenance although the optimal amount of exercise that attenuates telomere attrition is unknown. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced telomere maintenance observed in endurance athletes is poorly understood. We quantified the leukocyte telomere length and analyzed the expression of telomere-regulating genes in endurance athletes and healthy controls (both n = 61), using quantitative PCR. We found endurance athletes have significantly longer (7.1%, 208-416 nt) leukocyte telomeres and upregulated TERT (2.0-fold) and TPP1 (1.3-fold) mRNA expression compared with controls in age-adjusted analysis. The telomere length and telomere-regulating gene expression differences were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for resting heart rate and relative V̇O(2 max) (all P > 0.05). Resting heart rate emerged as an independent predictor of leukocyte telomere length and TERT and TPP1 mRNA expression in stepwise regression models. To gauge whether volume of exercise was associated with leukocyte telomere length, we divided subjects into running and cycling tertiles (distance covered per week) and found individuals in the middle and highest tertiles had longer telomeres than individuals in the lowest tertile. These data emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training in the prevention of biological aging. They also support the concept that moderate amounts of exercise training protects against biological aging, while higher amounts may not elicit additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Denham
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J O'Brien
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priscilla R Prestes
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Nicholas J Brown
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia; and Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
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Łoniewska B, Kaczmarczyk M, Clark JS, Gorący I, Horodnicka-Józwa A, Ciechanowicz A. Association of functional genetic variants of A-kinase anchoring protein 10 with QT interval length in full-term Polish newborns. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:149-54. [PMID: 25861302 PMCID: PMC4379355 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.34172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) coordinate the specificity of protein kinase A signaling by localizing the kinase to subcellular sites. The 1936G (V646) AKAP10 allele has been associated in adults with low cholinergic/vagus nerve sensitivity, shortened PR intervals in ECG recording and in newborns with increased blood pressure and higher cholesterol cord blood concentration. The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether 1936A > G AKAP10 polymorphism is associated with the newborn electrocardiographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electrocardiograms were recorded from 114 consecutive healthy Polish newborns (55 females, 59 males), born after 37 gestational weeks to healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies. All recordings were made between 3(rd) and 7(th) day of life to avoid QT variability. The heart rate per minute and duration of PR, QRS, RR and QT intervals were usually measured. The ECGs were evaluated independently by three observers. At birth, cord blood of neonates was obtained for isolation of genomic DNA. RESULTS The distribution of anthropometric and electrocardiographic variables in our cohort approached normality (skewness < 2 for all variables). No significant differences in anthropometric variables and electrocardiographic traits with respect to AKAP10 genotype were found. Multiple regression analysis with adjustment for gender, gestational age and birth mass revealed that QTc interval in GG AKAP10 homozygotes was significantly longer, but in range, when compared with A alleles carriers (AA + AG, recessive mode of inheritance). No rhythm disturbances were observed. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate possible association between AKAP10 1936A > G variant and QTc interval in Polish newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Disease, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jeremy Simon Clark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anita Horodnicka-Józwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Children's Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Domonkos Tarnoki A, Laszlo Tarnoki D, Molnar AA. Past, present and future of cardiovascular twin studies. COR ET VASA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vik KL, Romundstad P, Carslake D, Davey Smith G, Nilsen TIL. Transgenerational effects of parental cardiovascular disease and risk factors on offspring mortality: family-linkage data from the HUNT Study, Norway. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 23:145-53. [PMID: 25425350 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314562118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk factors are known to be associated between parents and offspring. However, whether these associations are reflected in increased offspring mortality has not been extensively studied. DESIGN This was a family study of 32,536 father-offspring and 39,614 mother-offspring pairs who participated in the HUNT Study, Norway. METHODS Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for offspring total and cardiovascular mortality associated with parental levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fathers' and mothers' reporting of cardiovascular disease (HRs: 1.18; 95% CI 1.04-1.32 and 1.20; 1.07-1.35, respectively), diabetes (HRs: 1.22; 95% CI 1.00-1.49 and 1.21; 1.05-1.40, respectively), and current smoking (HRs: 1.21; 95% CI 1.08-1.36 and 1.30; 1.15-1.47, respectively) was associated with total mortality in offspring. An inverse association was found with maternal height (HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-0.99), and a suggestive inverse association with paternal height (HR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.93-1.03). Relations with offspring cardiovascular mortality were less clear and consistent. Offspring whose parents both had a risk factor did not seem to have higher mortality than would be expected from the independent effects of each parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti L Vik
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - David Carslake
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tom I L Nilsen
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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Vik KL, Romundstad P, Carslake D, Smith GD, Nilsen TIL. Comparison of father-offspring and mother-offspring associations of cardiovascular risk factors: family linkage within the population-based HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 43:760-71. [PMID: 24366488 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk factors are transmitted from parents to offspring; however, the relative contributions of fathers and mothers remain unclear. If maternal exposures during pregnancy influence offspring through the intrauterine environment, associations between mothers and offspring are expected to be stronger than between fathers and offspring. In this family linkage study we compared father-offspring and mother-offspring associations of several cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS The study population consisted of 36,528 father-mother-offspring trios who participated at one or more surveys of the HUNT Study, Norway in 1984-86, 1995-97 and 2006-08. Parent-offspring associations were assessed using unstandardized and standardized residuals from linear regression analysis, and possible non-paternity was accounted for in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Age- and sex-adjusted parent-offspring associations for anthropometric factors, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and resting heart rate were largely similar between fathers and mothers. Use of standardized values and analyses adjusted for non-paternity further emphasized this similarity. CONCLUSIONS This study found largely similar father-offspring and mother-offspring associations across all cardiovascular risk factors under study, arguing against strong maternal effects transmitted through intrauterine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti L Vik
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKDepartment of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Carslake
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom I L Nilsen
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Genetic and environmental effects on carotid flow velocities: An international twin study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Association of body mass index with arterial stiffness and blood pressure components: A twin study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:388-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Forjaz CLM, Bartholomeu T, Rezende JAS, Oliveira JA, Basso L, Tani G, Prista A, Maia JAR. Genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and physical activity: a study of nuclear families from Muzambinho, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1269-75. [PMID: 22948378 PMCID: PMC3854221 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) and physical activity (PA) levels are inversely associated. Since genetic factors account for the observed variation in each of these traits, it is possible that part of their association may be related to common genetic and/or environmental influences. Thus, this study was designed to estimate the genetic and environmental correlations of BP and PA phenotypes in nuclear families from Muzambinho, Brazil. Families including 236 offspring (6 to 24 years) and their 82 fathers and 122 mothers (24 to 65 years) were evaluated. BP was measured, and total PA (TPA) was assessed by an interview (commuting, occupational, leisure time, and school time PA). Quantitative genetic modeling was used to estimate maximal heritability (h²), and genetic and environmental correlations. Heritability was significant for all phenotypes (systolic BP: h² = 0.37 ± 0.10, P < 0.05; diastolic BP: h² = 0.39 ± 0.09, P < 0.05; TPA: h² = 0.24 ± 0.09, P < 0.05). Significant genetic (r g) and environmental (r e) correlations were detected between systolic and diastolic BP (r g = 0.67 ± 0.12 and r e = 0.48 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Genetic correlations between BP and TPA were not significant, while a tendency to an environmental cross-trait correlation was found between diastolic BP and TPA (r e = -0.18 ± 0.09, P = 0.057). In conclusion, BP and PA are under genetic influences. Systolic and diastolic BP share common genes and environmental influences. Diastolic BP and TPA are probably under similar environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L M Forjaz
- Laboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade Motora (LAHAM), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Hassan MO, Bayoumi RA, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Snieder H, Jaju D, Al-Yahyaee S, Al-Hadabi S, Comuzzie AG, Albarwani S. Heritability of Hemodynamic Reactivity to Laboratory Stressors in a Homogenous Arab Population: ‘Oman Family Study’. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 12:541-8. [DOI: 10.1375/twin.12.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stressful stimuli may be a risk factor for the development of hypertension. The genetic influence on blood pressure (BP) reactivity to stress and its control mechanisms has been receiving considerable support. This study aims at examining the heritability of BP and its intermediate hemodynamic phenotypes to acute stress in a homogeneous Arab population.Methods:Parameters were computed from continuous BP, electrocardiography and impedance cardiography measurements, during rest, word conflict (WCT) and cold pressor (CPT) tests. Heritability estimates (h2) were obtained using the variance components-based approach implemented in the SOLAR software package.Results:Reactivity scores for WCT and CPT increased significantly (P< .05) for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). They decreased significantly (P< .05) for stroke volume (SV), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), end diastolic (EDI) and cardiac contractility (IC) indices. Univariate analysis detected heritability estimates that ranged from 0.19–0.35 for rest, 0.002–0.40 for WCT and 0.08–0.35 for CPT.Conclusion:In this unique cohort, resting as well as challenged cardiovascular phenotypes are significantly influenced by additive genetic effects. Heritability estimates for resting phenotypes are in a relatively narrow range, while h2for their reactivity is somewhat broader with lower estimates. Further analyses of this study may offer important opportunities for gene finding in hypertension.What is Known About the Topic:(1) cardiovascular reactivity to stress predicts cardiovascular disease; (2) genetic susceptibility plays an important role in stress reactivity. Family studies using the cold pressure test reported significant heritability for blood pressure.What this Study Adds:(1) this cohort is from five highly consanguineous isolated Arab pedigrees with genetically verified genealogical records and environmental homogeneity; (2) This is the first study to estimate heritability of detailed intermediate hemodynamic phenotypes that make up normal blood pressure.
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Monda KL, North KE, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Province MA, Kraja AT. The genetics of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2011; 10:86-108. [PMID: 20406164 DOI: 10.2174/187153010791213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the genetic architecture of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, highlighting recent advances in identifying genetic variants and loci responsible for a portion of the variation in components of the metabolic syndrome, namely, adiposity traits, serum HDL and triglycerides, blood pressure, and glycemic traits. We focus particularly on recent progress from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), by detailing their successes and how lessons learned can pave the way for future discovery. Results from recent GWAS coalesce with earlier work suggesting numerous interconnections between obesity and the metabolic syndrome, developed through several potentially pleiotropic effects. We detail recent work by way of a case study on the cadherin 13 gene and its relation with adiponectin in the HyperGEN and the Framingham Heart Studies, and its association with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We provide also a gene network analysis of recent variants related to obesity and metabolic syndrome discovered through genome-wide association studies, and 4 gene networks based on searching the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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20
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Reinhard W, Kaess BM, Debiec R, Nelson CP, Stark K, Tobin MD, Macfarlane PW, Tomaszewski M, Samani NJ, Hengstenberg C. Heritability of early repolarization: a population-based study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:134-8. [PMID: 21282333 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.110.958298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early repolarization (ER), defined by J-point elevation in 12-lead ECG, was recently associated with increased risk for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular mortality. The determinants of ER are unknown. We investigated its heritability in a large, family-based cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS The study sample comprised 1877 individuals from 505 white nuclear families representative of the British general population. Standard 12-lead ECGs were evaluated for the presence of ER, defined as J-point elevation of ≥0.1 mV in at least 2 adjacent inferior (II, III, and aVF) or anterolateral (I, aVL, and V(4) through V(6)) leads. Narrow sense heritability estimates were computed adjusting for age, age(2), and sex. The prevalence of ER was 7.7% (n=145) in the whole cohort, 5.9% (n=56) in parents, and 9.6% (n=89) in offspring. Heritability estimate for the presence of ER was calculated at h(2)=0.49 (standard error=0.14; P=2.7*10(-4)) and was higher when restricted to its presence in inferior leads (h(2)=0.61, standard error=0.18, P=4.3*10(-4)) or for the notching ER morphology (h(2)=0.81, standard error=0.19, P=2.4*10(-5)). Individuals with at least 1 affected parent had a 2.5-fold increased risk for presenting with ER on ECG (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 4.84; P=0.005). Familial transmission was more frequent when the mother was affected (odds ratio, 3.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 10.43; P=0.008) than when the father was affected (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 4.03; P=0.141), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.18). CONCLUSIONS ER is a heritable phenotype. Offspring of ER-positive parents have a 2.5-fold increased risk of presenting with ER on their ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Reinhard
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Li J, Huo Y, Zhang Y, Fang Z, Yang J, Zang T, Xu X, Xu X. Familial aggregation and heritability of electrocardiographic intervals and heart rate in a rural Chinese population. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2009; 14:147-52. [PMID: 19419399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474x.2009.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of the genetic influences on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters are inconsistent in previous reports, and no such studies have been performed in China. So we estimated genetic contributions to PR and QRS intervals and the rate-adjusted QT interval (Bazett's QTc) in a Chinese rural population. METHODS A total of 2909 subjects from 847 families were enrolled in the current study. Genetic contributions to ECG parameters were estimated in two ways: correlation coefficients among family members (father-mother, parent-offspring, first sibling-other sibling) and the heritability of each of the ECG parameters. RESULTS Our results showed significant correlations among family members on theses parameters: the correlation coefficients for PR interval, QRS duration, QTc interval, and HR, between parent-sibling, and sibling-sibling were 0.17 and 0.13, 0.18 and 0.23, 0.22 and 0.28, 0.19 and 0.18, respectively. The heritability for PR interval, QRS duration, QTc interval, and HR were estimated as 0.34, 0.43, 0.40, and 0.34, respectively. CONCLUSION Genetic factors, together with the environmental and other cofactors contribute no more than 60% to the variance of the ECG intervals, supporting the concept that multiple factors, including gene-gene and gene-environment interactions could influence ECG interval phenotypes, and genetic factors play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Di Castelnuovo A, Quacquaruccio G, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Spousal concordance for major coronary risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:1-8. [PMID: 18845552 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spousal pairs permit assessment of determinants of diseases related to environment, because they share the same lifestyle and environment. The authors reviewed spouses' concordance for the major coronary risk factors. A search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases was performed. Seventy-one papers were selected for a total of 207 cohorts of pairs and 424,613 correlations in more than 100,000 couples. The most strongly correlated within-pairs factors were smoking and body mass index, with overall correlations of 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.36) and 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.25), respectively. Statistically significant positive correlations were also found for diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, and the waist/hip ratio. The overall odds ratios for concordance in hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity were all statistically significant, ranging from 1.16 to 3.25. Assortative mating influenced concordance for blood pressure, smoking, glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. This systematic review shows a statistically significant positive spousal concordance for the majority of main coronary risk factors. However, the strength of the concordance was markedly different among factors and appeared to be quite modest for all of them. Interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors should be addressed jointly to both members of a marital couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, John Paul II Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy
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Newton-Cheh C, Guo CY, Wang TJ, O'Donnell CJ, Levy D, Larson MG. Genome-wide association study of electrocardiographic and heart rate variability traits: the Framingham Heart Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 17903306 PMCID: PMC1995612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heritable electrocardiographic (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) measures, reflecting pacemaking, conduction, repolarization and autonomic function in the heart have been associated with risks for cardiac arrhythmias. Whereas several rare monogenic conditions with extreme phenotypes have been noted, few common genetic factors contributing to interindividual variability in ECG and HRV measures have been identified. We report the results of a community-based genomewide association study of six ECG and HRV intermediate traits. METHODS Genotyping using Affymetrix 100K GeneChip was conducted on 1345 related Framingham Heart Study Original and Offspring cohort participants. We analyzed 1175 Original and Offspring participants with ECG data (mean age 52 years, 52% women) and 548 Offspring participants with HRV data (mean age 48 years, 51% women), in relation to 70,987 SNPs with minor allele frequency > or = 0.10, call rate > or = 80%, Hardy-Weinberg p-value > or = 0.001. We used generalized estimating equations to test association of SNP alleles with multivariable-adjusted residuals for QT, RR, and PR intervals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HFP), total power (TP) and the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN). RESULTS Associations at p < 10(-3) were found for 117 (QT), 105 (RR), 111 (PR), 102 (LF/HF), 121 (TP), and 102 (SDNN) SNPs. Several common variants in NOS1AP (4 SNPs with p-values < 10(-3); lowest p-value, rs6683968, p = 1 x 10(-4)) were associated with adjusted QT residuals, consistent with our previously reported finding for NOS1AP in an unrelated sample of FHS Offspring and other cohorts. All results are publicly available at NCBI's dbGaP at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 webcite. CONCLUSION In the community-based Framingham Heart Study none of the ECG and HRV results individually attained genomewide significance. However, the presence of bona fide QT-associated SNPs among the top 117 results for QT duration supports the importance of efforts to validate top results from the reported scans. Finding genetic variants associated with ECG and HRV quantitative traits may identify novel genes and pathways implicated in arrhythmogenesis and allow for improved recognition of individuals at high risk for arrhythmias in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newton-Cheh
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
| | - Chao-Yu Guo
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Departments of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
| | - Thomas J Wang
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
| | - Daniel Levy
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
| | - Martin G Larson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Departments of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- On behalf of the Framingham Heart Study 100K Cardiovascular Disease Working Group
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Assortative mating is the nonrandom mating of individuals with respect to phenotype and cultural factors. Previous studies of assortative mating for obesity have indicated that it may have contributed to the obesity epidemic. However, those studies all used body mass index or skinfold thicknesses to measure obesity and did not always account for potential confounding factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the level of assortative mating for obesity by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to characterize body composition. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of 42 couples. RESULTS Raw spousal correlations showed assortative mating for age, weight, body mass index, lean mass, and fat mass. Removing the effect of age on fat mass strengthened the spousal correlation (r = 0.405). Social homogamy did not appear to be important, because in this sample there was no significant effect of area of origin on age-corrected fat and lean tissue masses for either sex. Regional body-composition analysis showed that subjects with disproportionately large arms (both fat and lean) assortatively mated with partners with the same trait. However, both men and women with high lean tissue in their arms assortatively mated with partners that had a disproportionately low fat content in their legs. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that assortative mating for obesity exists when dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to evaluate adiposity. We hypothesize that assortative mating may have contributed to the obesity epidemic because the time course of obesity development has shifted progressively earlier, allowing singles in their late teens and early twenties to more easily distinguish partners with obese and lean phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity, Division of Obesity and Metabolic Health, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Pfeufer A. Genetische Determinanten des EKG. MED GENET-BERLIN 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-007-0027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Schon bald nach der Erfindung des EKG wurden die hohen Heritabilitäten vieler EKG-Parameter erkannt. Seit etwa einer Dekade wird intensiv an der Aufklärung zugrunde liegender genetischer Varianten gearbeitet, mit der Einführung genomweiter Assoziationsstudien steht dafür nun auch eine adäquate Methode zur Verfügung. Die molekulare Identifizierung und Charakterisierung bisher unbekannter herzrhythmusassoziierter Gene und Genvarianten verspricht nicht nur eine Vertiefung unseres Verständnisses der kardialen Elektrophysiologie, sondern auch eine Option auf bessere therapeutische und präventive Strategien für Arrhythmien und den plötzlichen Herztod.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pfeufer
- Aff1_27 grid.15474.33 0000000404772438 Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München Trogerstraße 32 81675 München Deutschland
- Aff2_27 Institut für Humangenetik GSF Forschungszentrum Neuherberg Deutschland
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van Rijn MJE, Schut AFC, Aulchenko YS, Deinum J, Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Yazdanpanah M, Isaacs A, Axenovich TI, Zorkoltseva IV, Zillikens MC, Pols HAP, Witteman JCM, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Heritability of blood pressure traits and the genetic contribution to blood pressure variance explained by four blood-pressure-related genes. J Hypertens 2007; 25:565-70. [PMID: 17278972 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32801449fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the heritability of four blood pressure traits and the proportion of variance explained by four blood-pressure-related genes. METHODS All participants are members of an extended pedigree from a Dutch genetically isolated population. Heritability and genetic correlations of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were assessed using a variance components approach (SOLAR). Polymorphisms of the alpha-adducin (ADD1), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and G protein beta3 (GNB3) genes were typed. RESULTS Heritability estimates were significant for all four blood pressure traits, ranging between 0.24 and 0.37. Genetic correlations between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were high (0.93-0.98), and those between pulse pressure and diastolic blood pressure were low (0.05). The ADD1 polymorphism explained 0.3% of the variance of pulse pressure (P = 0.07), and the polymorphism of GNB3 explained 0.4% of the variance of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), 0.2% of mean arterial pressure (P = 0.05) and 0.3% of pulse pressure (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Genetic factors contribute to a substantial proportion of blood pressure variance. In this study, the effect of polymorphisms of ADD1, AGT, AT1R and GNB3 explained a very small proportion of the heritability of blood pressure traits. As new genes associated with blood pressure are localized in the future, their effect on blood pressure variance should be calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Josee E van Rijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Seidelmann SB, De Luca C, Leibel RL, Breslow JL, Tall AR, Welch CL. Quantitative trait locus mapping of genetic modifiers of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice: identification of a locus for metabolic syndrome and increased atherosclerosis on chromosome 4. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 25:204-10. [PMID: 15514201 PMCID: PMC4027971 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000149146.32385.1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine genetic factors responsible for metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in a setting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficiency in a cross between C57BL/6J (B6) and PERA/Ei (PERA) inbred mouse strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparison of metabolic phenotypes in B6 and PERA strains revealed the PERA genetic background to be dramatically more susceptible to hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated insulin levels, and body fat increase than the B6 background. To facilitate genetic analysis, metabolic syndrome-related traits and atherosclerotic lesion area were measured in 167 [(PERAxB6.129S7-Ldlr(tm1Her))xB6.129S7-Ldlr(tm1Her)]N2 male and female backcross mice that were homozygous for the Ldlr null allele. Quantitative trait locus analysis was performed using 153 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the genome. On chromosome 4, we identified a locus influencing plasma triglyceride, insulin, and leptin concentrations, body weight, and atherosclerosis. Several other genetic loci were identified with separate effects on plasma insulin, body weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The PERA strain is highly susceptible to the development of metabolic syndrome after feeding a Western-type diet. This susceptibility is due, in part, to a locus on murine chromosome 4 in which PERA alleles predispose to adiposity, increased insulin, and accelerated atherogenesis in the absence of marked hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bretschger Seidelmann
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Carl De Luca
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Jan L. Breslow
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Carrie L. Welch
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, NY 10032
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28
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Franks PW, Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Montague C, Brennand J, Challis B, Brage S, Ekelund U, Middelberg RPS, O'Rahilly S, Wareham NJ. Association between physical activity and blood pressure is modified by variants in the G-protein coupled receptor 10. Hypertension 2003; 43:224-8. [PMID: 14691196 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000109319.63240.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is strongly related to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Exercise reduces blood pressure but the response varies between individuals. The mechanisms by which physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) modifies blood pressure are not fully defined but include modulation of sympathetic tone. Novel polymorphisms in the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR10) have been linked with high blood pressure. GPR10 may mediate the relationship between PAEE and blood pressure via central nervous mechanisms. We examined whether two GPR10 polymorphisms (G-62A and C914T) modify the association between PAEE and blood pressure in the MRC Ely study (N=687). When stratified by the C914T genotype, there were between-group differences for body mass index (BMI) (P=0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.006), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.005). No differences were found between G-62A genotypes. The previously reported inverse relationship between PAEE and blood pressure was not observed in minor allele carriers for either polymorphism (A62 carriers: DBP beta-1.11, P=0.52; SBP beta-1.66, P=0.52. T914 carriers: SBP beta=3.27; P=0.60) but was in common allele homozygotes (G62G: DBP beta-6.18 P=0.00001; SBP beta-8.54 P=0.0001. C914C: SBP beta-7.07; P=0.00001). This corresponded to a significant interaction between PAEE and GPR10 polymorphisms on DBP (G-62A: P=0.006) and SBP (G-62A: P=0.008. C914T: P=0.068). Significant interactions were observed between haplotype (derived from G-62A and C914T), PAEE, and blood pressure (DBP: P=0.08; SBP: P=0.023). The effect of physical activity on blood pressure is highly variable at population level. Knowledge of GPR10 genotype may define those who are least likely to benefit from physical activity. These findings may have relevance in the targeted treatment of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Franks
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Loos RJF, Katzmarzyk PT, Rao DC, Rice T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rankinen T, Bouchard C. Genome-wide linkage scan for the metabolic syndrome in the HERITAGE Family Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5935-43. [PMID: 14671193 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome involves multiple and interactive effects of genes and environmental factors. To identify chromosomal regions encoding genes possibly predisposing to the metabolic syndrome, we performed a genome-wide scan with 456 white and 217 black participants from 204 nuclear families of the HERITAGE Family Study, using regression-based, single- and multipoint linkage analyses on 509 markers. A principal component analysis was performed on 7 metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes. Two principal components, PC1 and PC2 (55% of the variance), were used as metabolic syndrome phenotypes. ANOVA was used to quantify the familial aggregation of PC1 and PC2. Family membership contributed significantly (P < 0.0023) to the variance in PC1 (r(2) = 0.38 in whites; r(2) = 0.55 in blacks) and PC2 (r(2) = 0.51; r(2) = 0.48). In whites, promising evidence for linkage (P < 0.0023) was found for PC1 (2 markers on 10p11.2) and PC2 (a marker on 19q13.4). Suggestive evidence of linkage (0.01 > P > 0.0023) appeared for PC1 (1q41 and 9p13.1) and PC2 (2p22.3). In blacks, promising linkage was found for PC2 on 1p34.1, and suggestive linkage was found on 7q31.3 and 9q21.1. The genome-wide scan revealed evidence for quantitative trait loci on chromosomal regions that have been previously linked with individual cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk factors. Some of these chromosomal regions harbor promising potential candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J F Loos
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
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30
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Mansour-Chemaly M, Haddy N, Siest G, Visvikis S. Family studies: their role in the evaluation of genetic cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002; 40:1085-96. [PMID: 12521223 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2002.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Early epidemiological studies showed that genetic factors contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic epidemiological studies based upon families can be used to investigate familial trait aggregation, to localize genes implicated in cardiovascular diseases in the human genome, and to establish the role of environmental factors. Family studies can be also used to identify the physiological role of candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases, and to characterize shared environmental risk factors and their impact on the expression of genetic predisposition. The present paper reviews the existing family studies with special emphasis on those which have studied healthy populations in relation to cardiovascular disease such as the Framingham Heart Study, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study, and the STANISLAS cohort.
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31
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Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Pringle M, Crown N, Hammersley V. Married couples' risk of same disease: cross sectional study. BMJ 2002; 325:636. [PMID: 12242177 PMCID: PMC126307 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.325.7365.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether people whose marital partners have depression, diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hyperlipidaemia, peptic ulcer disease, or asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of the same disease. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING 10 practices from the Trent Focus Collaborative Research Practice Network. PARTICIPANTS 8386 married couples (16 772 individuals) from a population of 29 014 participants aged 30-74 years. OUTCOMES Risk of disease in participants whose marital partner had that disease compared with those whose partner did not. RESULTS After both partners' age, smoking, and obesity and which general practice they attend were adjusted for, participants whose marital partner had asthma, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and peptic ulcer disease were at increased risk of having the same disease. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.43 to 2.98) for asthma, 2.08 (1.71 to 2.54) for depression, 1.32 (1.04 to 1.67) for hypertension, 1.44 (1.19 to 1.75) for hyperlipidaemia, and 2.01 (1.48 to 2.73) for peptic ulcer disease. CONCLUSION Partners of people with specific diseases are at increased risk of the disease themselves-at least 70% increased risk for asthma, depression, and peptic ulcer disease. This implicates shared environmental causes in some diseases in addition to any genetic or distant exposure or shared behaviours with respect to seeking health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hippisley-Cox
- Division of General Practice, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD.
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32
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Rice T, An P, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34:972-9. [PMID: 12048324 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200206000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heritability of the response to exercise training in resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was assessed in 482 Caucasian individuals comprising 98 families participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. METHODS All individuals were sedentary at the baseline visit (time 1 measurement). After completing a 20-wk exercise-training program, subjects were measured again (time 2). A familial correlation model was used to assess the heritability (genetic plus familial environmental) of the response in resting systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and HR, computed as the difference between the two measurement times. This response was adjusted for the effects of baseline levels and age within sex and generation groups. Analyses were conducted separately in a subsample of families in which at least one family member was considered to have elevated BP (95th percentile; SBP > or = 135 or DBP > or = 80). RESULTS Several novel findings emerged from this study. First, the SBP and HR response may be influenced by genetic factors. The maximal heritabilities were 20% (SBP) and 36% (HR) in the elevated BP, 18% and 24% in the complete, and not significant in the normotensive samples. For DBP, there were cohort effects (significant sibling and spouse but not parent-offspring correlations) in the complete and normotensive samples that may be due to generation-specific environmental influences. CONCLUSION The trainability of SBP and HR in families with elevated BP appears to be determined in part by genetic factors, whereas DBP trainability may be more a function of environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treva Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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33
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Ober C, Abney M, McPeek MS. The genetic dissection of complex traits in a founder population. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:1068-79. [PMID: 11590547 PMCID: PMC1274354 DOI: 10.1086/324025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2001] [Accepted: 08/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated broad heritabilities (H(2)) and narrow heritabilities (h(2)) and conducted genomewide screens, using a novel association-based mapping approach for 20 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) among the Hutterites, a founder population that practices a communal lifestyle. Heritability estimates ranged from.21 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to.99 for whole-blood serotonin levels. Using a multipoint method to detect association under a recessive model we found evidence of major QTLs for six traits: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum cortisol, and whole-blood serotonin. Second major QTLs for Lp(a) and for cortisol were identified using a single-point method to detect association under a general two-allele model. The heritabilities for these six traits ranged from.37 for triglycerides to.99 for serotonin, and three traits (LDL, SBP, and serotonin) had significant dominance variances (i.e., H(2) > h(2)). Surprisingly, there was little correlation between measures of heritability and the strength of association on a genomewide screen (P>.50), suggesting that heritability estimates per se do not identify phenotypes that are influenced by genes with major effects. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of genomewide association studies for QTL mapping. However, even in this young founder population that has extensive linkage disequilibrium, map densities <<5 cM may be required to detect all major QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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34
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Katzmarzyk PT, Rankinen T, Pérusse L, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Familial risk of high blood pressure in the Canadian population. Am J Hum Biol 2001; 13:620-5. [PMID: 11505470 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial risk ratios for high blood pressure were estimated in a representative sample of the Canadian population. The sample consisted of 14,069 participants 7-69 years of age from 5,753 families participating in the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were adjusted for the effects of body mass index using regression procedures. Varying degrees of high blood pressure were defined as the 75(th), 85(th), and 95(th) percentiles of age- and sex-specific values. Age- and sex-standardized risk ratios (SRRs) were calculated comparing the prevalences in the general population to those in spouses and first-degree relatives of probands with high blood pressure. SRRs for the 95(th) percentile were, for SBP and DBP, respectively, 1.37 and 1.45 in spouses and 1.33 and 2.36 in first-degree relatives of probands. SRRs decrease with decreasing percentile cut-offs used to define high blood pressure (95(th) > 85(th) > 75(th)), and SRRs are generally higher in first-degree relatives than in spouses, particularly for DBP. The results indicate significant familial risk for high blood pressure in the Canadian population, and the pattern of SRRs suggests that genetic factors may be responsible for a portion of the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Katzmarzyk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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DeStefano AL, Gavras H, Heard-Costa N, Bursztyn M, Manolis A, Farrer LA, Baldwin CT, Gavras I, Schwartz F. Maternal component in the familial aggregation of hypertension. Clin Genet 2001; 60:13-21. [PMID: 11531965 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess maternal versus paternal contributions to the familial aggregation of hypertension, we examined family history data from 344 hypertensive probands (69 African American, 153 US Caucasian, 122 Greek Caucasian) ascertained without respect to parental hypertension status. The proportion of hypertensive mothers (81.7, 65.0 and 84.8% for African Americans, US Caucasians and Greek Caucasians, respectively) of these probands was significantly greater than the proportion of hypertensive fathers (50.0, 44.9 and 48.3%, respectively) in all three ethnic groups. The lifetime risk of hypertension was significantly greater for mothers compared with fathers of these hypertensive probands (p<0.001). Examination of the proband's siblings indicated that maternal history of hypertension was associated with greater lifetime risk for hypertension than paternal history (p<0.01). In conclusion, we observe a consistent maternal component in the inheritance of hypertension. Although we cannot separate a maternal genetic from epigenetic or environmental effect, our findings suggest that genetic research should include studies of the mitochondrial as well as nuclear genome. Furthermore, when assessing a patient's risk for hypertension, particular attention should be paid to the maternal family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Abney M, McPeek MS, Ober C. Broad and narrow heritabilities of quantitative traits in a founder population. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:1302-7. [PMID: 11309690 PMCID: PMC1226113 DOI: 10.1086/320112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2001] [Accepted: 02/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the components of variance for a quantitative trait allows one to evaluate both the degree to which genetics influences the trait and the trait's underlying genetic architecture. For particular traits, the estimates also may have implications for discriminating between potential models of selection and for choosing an appropriate model for linkage analysis. Using a recently developed method, we estimate the additive and dominance components of variance--or, equivalently, the narrow and broad sense heritabilities--of several traits in the Hutterites, a founder population with extensive genealogical records. As a result of inbreeding and because Hutterite individuals are typically related through multiple lines of descent, we expect that power to detect dominance variance will be increased relative to that in outbred studies. Furthermore, the communal lifestyle of the Hutterites allows us to evaluate the genetic influences in a relatively homogeneous environment. Four phenotypes had a significant dominance variance, resulting in a relatively high broad heritability. We estimated the narrow and broad heritabilities as being, respectively,.36 and.96 for LDL,.51 and 1.0 for serotonin levels, and.45 and.76 for fat free mass (FFM). There was no significant additive component for systolic blood pressure (SBP), resulting in a narrow heritability of 0 and a broad heritability of.45. There were several traits for which we found no significant dominance component, resulting in equal broad and narrow heritability estimates. These traits and their heritabilities are as follows: HDL,.63; triglycerides,.37; diastolic blood pressure,.21; immunoglobulin E,.63; lipoprotein(a),.77; and body-mass index,.54. The large difference between broad and narrow heritabilities for LDL, serotonin, FFM, and SBP are indicative of strong dominance effects in these phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an estimate of heritability for serotonin and to detect a dominance variance for LDL, FFM, and SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abney
- Departments of Human Genetics and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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37
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An P, Rice T, Pérusse L, Borecki IB, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Complex segregation analysis of blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after a 20-week endurance exercise training program: the HERITAGE Family Study. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13:488-97. [PMID: 10826399 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex segregation analysis of baseline resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and their responses to training (post-training minus baseline) were performed in a sample of 482 individuals from 99 white families who participated in the HERITAGE Family Study. Resting BP and HR were measured at baseline and after a 20-week training program. Baseline resting BP and HR were age-adjusted and age-BMI-adjusted, and the responses to training were age-adjusted and age-baseline-adjusted, within four gender-by-generation groups. This study also analyzed the responses to training in two subsets of families: (1) the so-called "high" subsample, 45 families (216 individuals) with at least one member whose baseline resting BP is in the high end of the normal BP range (the upper 95th percentile: systolic BP [SBP] > or = 135 or diastolic BP [DBP] > or = 80 mm Hg); and (2) the so-called "nonhigh" subsample, the 54 remaining families (266 individuals). Baseline resting SBP was influenced by a multifactorial component (23%), which was independent of body mass index (BMI). Baseline resting DBP was influenced by a putative recessive locus, which accounted for 31% of the variance. In addition to the major gene effect, which may impact BMI as well, baseline resting DBP was also influenced by a multifactorial component (29%). Baseline resting HR was influenced by a putative dominant locus independent of BMI, which accounted for 31% of the variance. For the responses to training, no familiality was found in the whole sample or in the nonhigh subsample. However, in the high subsample, resting SBP response to training was influenced by a putative recessive locus, which accounted for 44% of the variance. No familiality was found for resting DBP response to training. Resting HR response to training was influenced by a major effect (accounting for 35% of the variance), with an ambiguous transmission from parents to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- P An
- Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA.
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