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Chen DQ, Xu WB, Xiao KY, Que ZQ, Feng JY, Sun NK, Cai DX, Rui G. PCSK9 inhibitors and osteoporosis: mendelian randomization and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:548. [PMID: 39010016 PMCID: PMC11251371 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent an effective strategy for reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Yet, PCSK9's impact on osteoporosis remains unclear. Hence, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for examining PCSK9 inhibitor effects on osteoporosis. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl cofactor A reductase (HMGCR) and PCSK9 were gathered from available online databases for European pedigrees. Four osteoporosis-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data served as the main outcomes, and coronary artery disease (CAD) as a positive control for drug-targeted MR analyses. The results of MR analyses examined by sensitivity analyses were incorporated into a meta-analysis for examining causality between PCSK9 and HMGCR inhibitors and osteoporosis. RESULTS The meta-analysis involving a total of 1,263,102 subjects, showed that PCSK9 inhibitors can increase osteoporosis risk (P < 0.05, I2, 39%). However, HMGCR inhibitors are not associated with osteoporosis risk. Additionally, a replication of the analysis was conducted with another exposure-related GWAS dataset, which led to similar conclusions. CONCLUSION PCSK9 inhibitors increase osteoporosis risk. However, HMGCR inhibitors are unremarkably linked to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Qiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke-Yi Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Que
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nai-Kun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di-Xin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Serindere G, Aktuna Belgin C, Gunduz K. EVALUATION OF MANDIBULAR TRABECULAR AND CORTICAL STRUCTURE BY FRACTAL ANALYSIS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101953. [PMID: 38908478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the mandibular trabecular and cortical changes in patients with hyperlipidemia (HL) and/or hypertension (HT) using fractal dimension (FD) analysis, mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and mandibular cortical index (MCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 100 patients were evaluated. FD measurement of three region of interest (ROI) including the angulus, corpus and interdental bone area were made. MCW, PMI and MCI were also measured and noted. RESULTS Angulus, corpus and interdental FD values were significantly lower in three disease groups than the control group. Angulus, corpus, and interdental FD values were significantly lower in the HL+HT group than in the HL group and HT group. MCW value was significantly lower in the HL group, HT group, and HL+HT group than the control group. The cortical index C1 was more common in the control group while C2 was more common in the HT, HL and HL+HT group. CONCLUSION The fact that FD was significantly lower in the HL+HT group compared to the HL and HT groups indicates the positive effect of their association on bone loss and quality. FD measurements on images obtained using a direct digital panoramic system can be used for treatment planning and follow-up of patients with HL and/or HT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Aktuna Belgin
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay, TÜRKİYE.
| | - Kaan Gunduz
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Samsun, TÜRKİYE.
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Khanna VV, Chadaga K, Sampathila N, Chadaga R, Prabhu S, K S S, Jagdale AS, Bhat D. A decision support system for osteoporosis risk prediction using machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22456. [PMID: 38144333 PMCID: PMC10746430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone condition that occurs when bone mineral density and mass decrease. This makes the bones weak and brittle. The disorder is often undiagnosed and untreated due to its asymptomatic nature until the manifestation of a fracture. Machine Learning (ML) is extensively used in diverse healthcare domains to analyze precise outcomes, provide timely risk scores, and allocate resources. Hence, we have designed multiple heterogeneous machine-learning frameworks to predict the risk of Osteoporosis. An open-source dataset of 1493 patients containing bone density, blood, and physical tests is utilized. Thirteen distinct feature selection techniques were leveraged to extract the most salient parameters. The best-performing pipeline consisted of a Forward Feature Selection algorithm followed by a custom multi-level ensemble learning-based stack, which achieved an accuracy of 89 %. Deploying a layer of explainable artificial intelligence using tools such as SHAP (SHapley Additive Values), LIME (Local Interpretable Model Explainer), ELI5, Qlattice, and feature importance provided interpretability and rationale behind classifier prediction. With this study, we aim to provide the holistic risk prediction of Osteoporosis and concurrently present a system for automated screening to assist physicians in making diagnostic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varada Vivek Khanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Krishnaraj Chadaga
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Niranjana Sampathila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Rajagopala Chadaga
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Srikanth Prabhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Swathi K S
- Department of Social And Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aditya S. Jagdale
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devadas Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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De Angelis P, Rella E, Manicone PF, Gasparini G, Giovannini V, Liguori MG, Camodeca F, De Rosa G, Cavalcanti C, D'Addona A. The Effect of Hyperlipidemia on Peri-implant Health: A Clinical and Radiographical Prospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7570587. [PMID: 37284029 PMCID: PMC10241576 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7570587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides may have a negative effect on the immune system and bone health, leading to lower bone mineral density, an increased risk of osteoporosis, and bone fractures, and could therefore also be related to a significant worsening of peri-implant health. The purpose of the following study was to evaluate whether the altered lipid profile in patients who undergo implant insertion surgery represents a prognostic factor capable of influencing clinical outcomes. This prospective observational study was conducted on 93 subjects; patients were required to have taken blood tests to obtain triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels prior to the surgical procedure to classify them according to current American Heart Association guidelines. The outcomes considered were marginal bone loss (MBL) 3 years after implant placement, full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) 3 years after surgery. A statistically significant correlation was found between hypertriglyceridemia and MBL as well as between total cholesterol and MBL. There is no statistically significant correlation between the variables analyzed and the secondary outcomes 3 years after implant placement. Peri-implant marginal bone loss may be influenced by hyperlipidemia. However, further studies are needed, with larger samples and more extensive follow-ups, to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Angelis
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rella
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Manicone
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Gasparini
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Giorgia Liguori
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camodeca
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Cavalcanti
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Addona
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS–Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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5
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Günaçar DN, Yemenoğlu H, Ustaoğlu G, Arıöz Ö. Effects of hyperlipidemia on trabecular and cortical structures of the mandible. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210214. [PMID: 34283651 PMCID: PMC8802705 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the mandibular bone structure of patients with hyperlipidemia by fractal dimension (FD) analysis and panoramic radiomorphometric indices including mandibular cortical thickness measurement, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and to compare with the healthy group. METHODS In total, 60 panoramic radiographs were included, including panoramic radiographs of 30 individuals with hyperlipidemia and 30 individuals with systemically healthy. FD analysis in the mandibular condyle, angle of the mandible, the distal side of the second premolar and anterior to mental foramen, PMI, MCI, and mandibular cortical thickness measurements were evaluated on radiographs. Independent samples t-test was used for differences between healthy and hyperlipidemia groups with regard to age and PMI. Repeated measurement of variance with one within and one between factors in the comparison of four regions and two groups in terms of FD and cortical thickness measurements. Following this analysis, significant differences were detected by post-hoc Sidak test. Fisher-Freeman-Halton analysis was applied to determine the relationship between categorical variables. RESULTS FD values of the hyperlipidemic patients were found to be lower than the healthy group. Between the hyperlipidemic and healthy groups, there was a difference in the angle of the mandible FD values (p = 0.020). There were no differences in the cortical thickness measurements and PMI between the groups (p > 0.05). There was a difference in MCI values between the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The trabecular structure of the angle of the mandible and the cortical bone structure of the mandible were found to be negatively affected by hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Nil Günaçar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gülbahar Ustaoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Özkan Arıöz
- Periodontology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey
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6
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Ma B, Guan G, Lv Q, Yang L. Curcumin Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Saos-2 Cell Apoptosis Via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5563660. [PMID: 33833814 PMCID: PMC8018866 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effects of curcumin on palmitic acid- (PA-) induced human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cell apoptosis and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms in vitro level. METHODS Saos-2 cell were cultured with PA with or without curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, anti-oxidant), 3-methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor) AY-22989 (autophagy agonist) or H2O2. Then, the effects of PA alone or combined with curcumin on viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy in were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry assay and western blot. RESULTS We found that autophagy was induced, oxidative stress was activated, and apoptosis was promoted in PA-induced Saos-2 cells. Curcumin inhibited PA-induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in Saos-2 cells. NAC successfully attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and 3-MA attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in palmitate-induced Saos-2 cells. Interestingly, NAC inhibited PA-induced autophagy, but 3-MA had no obvious effects on oxidative stress in PA-treated Saos-2 cells. In addition, curcumin inhibited H2O2 (oxidative stress agonist)-induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, but curcumin had no obvious effect on AY-22989 (autophagy agonist)-induced autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress is an inducer of autophagy and that curcumin can attenuate excess autophagy and cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress in PA-induced Saos-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Ma
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaopeng Guan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into several cell types when exposed to determined substances, including oxysterols. Oxysterols are cholesterol products derived from its auto-oxidation by reactive species or from enzymatic action. They are present in the body in low quantities under physiological conditions and exhibit several physiological and pharmacological actions according to both the types of oxysterol and tissue. Some of them are cytotoxic while others have been shown to promote cell differentiation through the action on several different receptors, such as nuclear LXR receptors and Smoothened receptor ligands. Here, we review the main pathways by which oxysterols have been associated with cell differentiation and death of mesenchymal stem cells.
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8
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Zheng J, Brion MJ, Kemp JP, Warrington NM, Borges MC, Hemani G, Richardson TG, Rasheed H, Qiao Z, Haycock P, Ala-Korpela M, Davey Smith G, Tobias JH, Evans DM. The Effect of Plasma Lipids and Lipid-Lowering Interventions on Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1224-1235. [PMID: 32163637 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported a relationship between statin treatment and increased bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced fracture risk, but the mechanism underlying the purported relationship is unclear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess whether this relationship is explained by a specific effect in response to statin use or by a general effect of lipid lowering. We utilized 400 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with plasma lipid levels as exposure. The outcome results were obtained from a heel estimated BMD (eBMD) genomewide association study (GWAS) from the UK Biobank and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) BMD at four body sites and fracture GWAS from the GEFOS consortium. We performed univariate and multivariable MR analyses of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride levels on BMD and fracture. Univariate MR analyses suggested a causal effect of LDL-C on eBMD (β = -0.06; standard deviation change in eBMD per standard deviation change in LDL-C, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.08 to -0.04; p = 4 × 10-6 ), total body BMD (β = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.08 to -0.01, p = 6 × 10-3 ) and potentially on lumbar spine BMD. Multivariable MR suggested that the effects of LDL-C on eBMD and total body BMD were independent of HDL-C and triglycerides. Sensitivity MR analyses suggested that the LDL-C results were robust to pleiotropy. MR analyses of LDL-C restricted to SNPs in the HMGCR region showed similar effects on eBMD (β = -0.083; -0.132 to -0.034; p = .001) to those excluding these SNPs (β = -0.063; -0.090 to -0.036; p = 8 × 10-6 ). Bidirectional MR analyses provided some evidence for a causal effect of eBMD on plasma LDL-C levels. Our results suggest that effects of statins on eBMD and total body BMD are at least partly due to their LDL-C lowering effect. Further studies are required to examine the potential role of modifying plasma lipid levels in treating osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marie-Jo Brion
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John P Kemp
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria-Carolina Borges
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhen Qiao
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip Haycock
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Azzini E, Ruggeri S, Polito A. Homocysteine: Its Possible Emerging Role in At-Risk Population Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041421. [PMID: 32093165 PMCID: PMC7073042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for several pathological disorders. The present review focused on the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in different population groups, especially in risk conditions (pregnancy, infancy, old age), and on its relevance as a marker or etiological factor of the diseases in these age groups, focusing on the nutritional treatment of elevated Hcy levels. In pregnancy, Hcy levels were investigated in relation to the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as small size for gestational age at birth, preeclampsia, recurrent abortions, low birth weight, or intrauterine growth restriction. In pediatric populations, Hcy levels are important not only for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and renal disease, but the most interesting evidence concerns study of elevated levels of Hcy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Finally, a focus on the principal pathologies of the elderly (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, osteoporosis and physical function) is presented. The metabolism of Hcy is influenced by B vitamins, and Hcy-lowering vitamin treatments have been proposed. However, clinical trials have not reached a consensus about the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation on the reduction of Hcy levels and improvement of pathological condition, especially in elderly patients with overt pathologies, suggesting that other dietary and non-dietary factors are involved in high Hcy levels. The importance of novel experimental designs focusing on intra-individual variability as a complement to the typical case-control experimental designs and the study of interactions between different factors it should be emphasized.
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10
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Chuang TL, Chuang MH, Lin CH, Chou SC, Wang YF. Significant association factors of bone mineral density in Taiwan adults. Tzu Chi Med J 2019; 32:367-372. [PMID: 33163383 PMCID: PMC7605296 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_113_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the biofactors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in southern Taiwanese adults. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 3242 adults who underwent health examinations between June 2014 and February 2018 at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan were reviewed. The data collected included health history, anthropomorphic characteristics, clinical laboratory results, biochemical parameters, and BMD. The data were used to identify the biofactors associated with BMD/T-scores at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by multivariate linear regression analysis with the stepwise method. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.1 years, and 71.4% were male. Factors positively correlated with BMD and the T-score included body mass index (BMI), male gender, calcium, and creatinine. Age, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triiodothyronine, serum thyroxine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a history of hyperlipidemia were negatively correlated with BMD and the T-score. Conclusion: The associated biofactors reported here were similar to and had similar relationships as the biofactors identified in previous literature reports. Not all of the sites examined for BMD were influenced by the same association factors, except for BMI, male gender, age, and ALP, implying that the bone remodeling processes that shape BMD involve a complex regulatory network and demonstrating that our extracted factors are the most useful for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Ling Chuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Chuang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Chou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of Preventive Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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11
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Khanizadeh F, Rahmani A, Asadollahi K, Ahmadi MRH. Combination therapy of curcumin and alendronate modulates bone turnover markers and enhances bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:438-445. [PMID: 30304108 PMCID: PMC10118732 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of combination therapy of curcumin and alendronate on BMD and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind trial study, 60 postmenopausal women were divided into three groups: control, alendronate, and alendronate + curcumin. Each group included 20 patients. Total body, total hip, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and after 12 months of therapy. Bone turnover markers such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) were measured at the outset and 6 months later. RESULTS Patients in the control group suffered a significant decrease in BMD and increased bone turnover markers at the end of study. The group treated with only alendronate showed significantly decreased levels of BALP and CTx and increased levels of osteocalcin compared to the control group. The alendronate group also showed significant increases in the total body, total hip, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs at the end of study compared to the control group. In the curcumin + alendronate group, BALP and CTx levels decreased and osteocalcin levels increased significantly at the end of study compared to the control and alendronate groups. BMD indexes also increased in four areas significantly at the end of study compared to the control and alendronate groups. CONCLUSION The combination of curcumin and alendronate has beneficial effects on BMD and bone turnover markers among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(4):438-45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khanizadeh
- Obstetrician/Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khairollah Asadollahi
- Clinical epidemiology, Departament of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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12
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Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Adamczyk A, Kurus J, Staniszewska M, Sadok I. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the bone of rats in conditions of separate and combined administration of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg). Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:112-125. [PMID: 29453945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg) applied as sodium metavanadate (SMV, 0.125 mg V/ml) and magnesium sulfate (MS, 0.06 mg Mg/ml) on oxidative stress markers in bone of male Wistar rats was investigated. Some of them were also measured in the liver, e.g. l-ascorbic acid (hepatic L-AA). Additionally, relationships between selected indices determined in bone were examined. SMV alone (Group II) did not significantly alter the level of TBARS and the activity of SOD, compared with the control (Group I), but it slightly reduced the GR activity (by 13%) and the L-AA level (by 15.5%). It also markedly lowered the activity of CAT and GPx (by 34% and 29%), and to some degree elevated the activity of GST (by 16%) and the hepatic L-AA level (by 119%). MS alone (Group III) decreased the TBARS level (by 49%), slightly lowered the L-AA concentration (by 14%), and reduced the SOD, GPx, and GR activities (by 31%, 40%, and 28%), but did not change the activity of CAT, compared with the control. Additionally, it elevated the GST activity (by 56%) and the hepatic L-AA level (by 40%). In turn, the SMV + MS combination (Group IV) reduced the TBARS level (by 38%) and the SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities (by 61%, 58%, 72%, and 40%) but elevated the GST activity (by 66%), compared with the control. The activity of SOD and GPx in the rats in Group IV was also reduced, compared with Group II (by 61% and 61%) and Group III (by 44% and 54%). In turn, the activities of CAT and GR were decreased, compared with Group III (by 55%) and Group II (by 31%), and the L-AA level was lowered, in comparison with Groups II and III (by 53% and 54%). Further, the concentration of V in the bone of rats in Groups II and IV increased, whereas the concentration of Mg decreased, compared with Groups I and III, in which the V and Mg levels dropped and were not altered, respectively, compared with Group I. The total content of Fe in the bone of rats in Groups II and IV increased, compared with Group III, in which the total Fe content did not change, compared with Group I. In turn, the total bone Cu content significantly decreased in the rats in Groups III and IV, compared with Groups I and II, whereas the total Zn content and the Ca concentration did not change markedly. The results provided evidence that the concentration of V used as SMV did not enhance LPO in bone, whereas Mg, at the selected level, markedly reduced LPO in this tissue. On the other hand, both elements administered separately and in combination disrupted the antioxidant defense mechanisms and homeostasis of some metals in bone tissue, which consequently may have contributed to disturbances in the balance in the activities of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, and thereby negatively affected bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kraśnicka Ave. 102, 20-718, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kurus
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Methods Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Methods Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Mattera M, Reginelli A, Bartollino S, Russo C, Barile A, Albano D, Mauri G, Messina C, Cappabianca S, Guglielmi G. Imaging of metabolic bone disease. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:197-207. [PMID: 29350648 PMCID: PMC6179066 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i1-s.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most important metabolic bone disease, with a wide distribution among the elderly. It is characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. Identify bone weakening with an appropriate and accurate use of diagnostic imaging is of critical importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of osteoporotic patients. The aim of this review is to evaluate the detection rates of the different imaging modalities in the evaluation of bone strength, in the assessment of fracture risk and in the management of fragility fractures. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Stone KL, Lui LY, Christen WG, Troen AM, Bauer DC, Kado D, Schambach C, Cummings SR, Manson JE. Effect of Combination Folic Acid, Vitamin B 6 , and Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Fracture Risk in Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2331-2338. [PMID: 29244251 PMCID: PMC5734110 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association of elevated plasma homocysteine levels with greater bone resorption and fracture risk. Vitamins B12 , B6 , and folic acid are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and supplementation with B vitamins is effective in lowering homocysteine levels in humans. However, randomized trials of supplemental B vitamins for reduction of fracture risk have been limited. Therefore, we performed an ancillary study to the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS), a large randomized trial of women with preexisting cardiovascular disease or three or more coronary risk factors, to test whether a daily B vitamin intervention including folic acid (2.5 mg/day), vitamin B6 (50 mg/day), and vitamin B12 (1 mg/day) reduces nonspine fracture risk over 7.3 years of treatment and follow-up. Among 4810 women, we confirmed 349 nonspine fracture cases by centralized review of medical records. In a substudy of 300 women (150 in treatment group and 150 controls) with paired plasma samples at randomization and follow-up (7.3 years later), we measured two bone turnover markers, including C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and intact type I procollagen N-propeptide (P1NP). In Cox proportional hazards models based on intention-to-treat, we found no significant effects of B vitamin supplementation on nonspine fracture risk (relative hazard = 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.34). In a nested case-cohort analysis, there were no significant effects of B vitamins on fracture risk among women with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, or low levels of vitamins B12 or B6 , or folate at baseline. Furthermore, treatment with B vitamins had no effect on change in markers of bone turnover. We found no evidence that daily supplementation with B vitamins reduces fracture risk or rates of bone metabolism in middle-aged and older women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William G Christen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aron M Troen
- Vitamin Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food and Nutrition Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Kado
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven R Cummings
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Da Silva Martins J, Castro JH, Sainz Rueda NA, dos Reis LM, Jorgetti V, Affonso Moysés RM, Caramori JT. Renal osteodystrophy in the obesity era: Is metabolic syndrome relevant? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180387. [PMID: 28719612 PMCID: PMC5515407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of obesity on bone health; however, most of those studies were not based on bone biopsies. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) could have an effect on bone remodeling. However, there are no data on the effects of MetS in the presence of renal osteodystrophy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate associations between MetS and renal osteodystrophy using the bone histomorphometric turnover-mineralization-volume (TMV) classification. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS This observational cross-sectional study included 55 hemodialysis patients (28 women/27 men) who were evaluated for MetS and bone histomorphometry. Biochemical parameters included calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free serum leptin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), intact osteocalcin, sclerostin (Scl), glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Robust models of multivariate linear regressions were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Females had higher iPTH levels (1,143 vs. 358, p = 0.02). Patients with normal bone volume (BV/TV) had a higher prevalence of MetS (73.6% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.02) and higher serum phosphorus, C-terminal FGF23 and insulin levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was positively correlated with bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and negatively associated with mineralization lag time. Bone volume was negatively associated with age but positively associated with MetS. Body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with any of the bone histomorphometric parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MetS is not a risk factor for low bone volume in hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, BMI alone was not related to bone volume in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Da Silva Martins
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - João Henrique Castro
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Nestor A. Sainz Rueda
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Nutrition Team, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Vanda Jorgetti
- Nephrology Division, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Teixeira Caramori
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
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16
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Hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet enhances dentin formation and delays dentin mineralization in mouse incisor. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:467-74. [PMID: 27558143 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia has become a serious health problem in children and adolescents worldwide for its high prevalence. Since hard tissues of permanent teeth form mainly during this period and lipids are actively involved in tooth development, the effects of hyperlipidemia on dental tissue formation and mineralization need to be illustrated. In this study, hyperlipidemia model was established in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Micro-CT and histomorphological analyses were performed on the mandibular bones to assess the morphological changes of the mandibular incisor and first molar. After 4 weeks of HFD feeding, mice had significantly elevated serum lipid levels compared with mice fed with control diet. After 8 weeks, the mandibular incisor presented significantly increased dentin thickness and decreased diameter of pulp cavity in HFD-fed mice compared with control diet-fed mice, while its gross morphology and enamel thickness were not altered. In the mandibular first molar, dentin thickness of root did not show difference between the two groups. Histological section showed that mandibular incisor of HFD-fed mice manifested a wider predentin region and a lower mineral apposition rate compared with that of the control mice. In conclusion, hyperlipidemia induced by HFD feeding enhances dentin formation and delays dentin mineralization in the developing mouse incisor.
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17
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Dündar S, Yaman F, Ozupek MF, Saybak A, Gul M, Asutay F, Kirtay M, Ozercan IH. The effects of high-fat diet on implant osseointegration: an experimental study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 42:187-92. [PMID: 27595085 PMCID: PMC5009192 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.4.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we investigated whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affected the bone implant connection (BIC) in peri-implant bone. Materials and Methods Four male rabbits were used in this study. Dental implant surgery was introduced into each tibia, and four implants were integrated into each animal. In both the normal diet (ND) group (n=2) and HFD group (n=2), 8 implants were integrated, for a total of 16 integrated implants. The animals continued with their respective diets for 12 weeks post-surgery. Afterward, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the BIC was assessed histomorphometrically. Results Histologic and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that BIC was not impaired in the HFD group compared to the ND group. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, we found that HFD did not decrease the BIC in rabbit tibias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dündar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Yaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Fatih Ozupek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Arif Saybak
- Periodontists, Private Practice, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Asutay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kirtay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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18
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BMI and BMD: The Potential Interplay between Obesity and Bone Fragility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060544. [PMID: 27240395 PMCID: PMC4924001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrating an increased fracture risk among obese individuals suggests that adipose tissue may negatively impact bone health, challenging the traditional paradigm of fat mass playing a protective role towards bone health. White adipose tissue, far from being a mere energy depot, is a dynamic tissue actively implicated in metabolic reactions, and in fact secretes several hormones called adipokines and inflammatory factors that may in turn promote bone resorption. More specifically, Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) may potentially prove detrimental. It is widely acknowledged that obesity is positively associated to many chronic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, conditions that could themselves affect bone health. Although aging is largely known to decrease bone strength, little is yet known on the mechanisms via which obesity and its comorbidities may contribute to such damage. Given the exponentially growing obesity rate in recent years and the increased life expectancy of western countries it appears of utmost importance to timely focus on this topic.
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19
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Rattazzi M, Faggin E, Buso R, Di Virgilio R, Puato M, Plebani M, Zaninotto M, Palmosi T, Bertacco E, Fadini GP, Pauletto P. Atorvastatin Reduces Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells and T-Cell RANKL Expression in Osteoporotic Women: Implications for the Bone-Vascular Axis. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:13-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Rattazzi
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- Medicina Interna I^; Ca’ Foncello Hospital; Treviso Italy
| | | | - Roberta Buso
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- Medicina Interna I^; Ca’ Foncello Hospital; Treviso Italy
| | | | - Massimo Puato
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Bertacco
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pauletto
- Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- Medicina Interna I^; Ca’ Foncello Hospital; Treviso Italy
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20
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Mafi Golchin M, Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Akhavan-Niaki H. Osteoporosis: A Silent Disease with Complex Genetic Contribution. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:49-61. [PMID: 26924688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common multifactorial metabolic bone disorder worldwide with a strong genetic component. In this review, the evidence for a genetic contribution to osteoporosis and related phenotypes is summarized alongside with methods used to identify osteoporosis susceptibility genes. The key biological pathways involved in the skeleton and bone development are discussed with a particular focus on master genes clustered in these pathways and their mode of action. Furthermore, the most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed for their importance as genetic markers of the disease are presented. New data generated by next-generation sequencing in conjunction with extensive meta-analyses should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of osteoporosis and related phenotype variability. These data could be ultimately used for identifying at-risk patients for disease prevention by both controlling environmental factors and providing possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mafi Golchin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran.
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Abstract
PURPOSE In epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis. RESULTS The HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARgamma in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group. CONCLUSION Compared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Luo X, Yu C, Fu C, Shi W, Wang X, Zeng C, Wang H. Identification of the differentially expressed genes associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4032-8. [PMID: 25625967 PMCID: PMC4394960 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and examine the changing patterns. The transcription profile of GSE18965 was obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 12 FCHL samples and 12 control specimens. The DEGs were identified using a linear models for microarray data package in the R programming language. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was also performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed using the EnrichNet online tool. In addition, cluster analysis of the genes in networks was performed using ClusterONE. A total of 879 DEGs were screened, including 394 upregulated and 485 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis identified four important KEGG pathways associated with FCHL: One carbon pool by folate, α-linolenic acid metabolism, asthma and the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series. GO annotation identified 12 enriched biological processes, including one associated with hematopoiesis and four associated with bone cell differentiation. This identification was in accordance with clinical data and experiments into hyperlipidemia and bone lesions. Based on PPI networks, these DEGs had a close association with immune responses, hormone responses and cytokine-cytokine receptors. In conclusion, these DEGs may be used as specific therapeutic molecular targets in the treatment of FCHL. The present findings may provide the basis for understanding the pathogenesis of FCHL in future studies. However, further experiments are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Huang T, Liu H, Zhao W, Li J, Wang Y. Gene-dietary fat interaction, bone mineral density and bone speed of sound in children: a twin study in China. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:544-51. [PMID: 25546604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat correlates with bone mineral density (BMD). We tested the association between fat intake and BMD, and tested if fat intake modified the degree of genetic influence on BMD and bone speed of sound (SOS). METHODS AND RESULTS We included 622 twins aged 7-15 from South China. Data on anthropometry, dietary intake, BMD, and SOS were collected. Quantitative genetic analyses of structural equation models were fit using the Mx statistical package. The within-pair intraclass correlations for BMD in dizygotic twins were nearly half of that for monozygotic twins (intraclass correlations = 0.39 versus 0.70). The heritability of BMD and SOS were 71 and 79%. Phenotypic correlation between fat intake and SOS was significant (r = -0.19, p = 0.04). SOS was negatively correlated with fat intake in boys (r = -0.11, p = 0.05), but not in girls. Full Cholesky decomposition models showed SOS has a strong genetic correlation with fat intake (rA = -0.88, 95% confidence interval = -0.94, 0.01); the environmental correlation between fat intake and SOS was weak (rE = -0.04, 95% confidence interval = -0.20, 0.13). Fat intake modified the additive genetic effects on BMD. CONCLUSION Genetic factors explained 71 and 79% of individual variance in BMD and SOS, respectively. Low fat intake counteracts genetic predisposition to low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Buckens CF, de Jong PA, Verkooijen HM, Verhaar HJ, Mali WP, van der Graaf Y. Vertebral fractures on routine chest computed tomography: relation with arterial calcifications and future cardiovascular events. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 31:437-45. [PMID: 25451815 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease often coexist. Vertebral fractures incidentally imaged in the course of routine care might be able to contribute to the prediction of cardiovascular events. Following a case-cohort design, 5,679 patients undergoing chest CT were followed for a median duration of 4.4 years. Cases were defined as patients who subsequently developed a cardiovascular event (n = 493). The presence and severity of vertebral fractures, as well as aortic, coronary and valvular calcifications on CT were investigated. Cases were more likely to be male (69 vs 60 %) and older (66 vs 61 years old). Prevalent vertebral fractures conferred an elevated risk of cardiovascular events after adjustment for age and gender [hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.54]. This effect remained moderate after correction for cardiovascular calcifications (HR 1.20, CI 0.99-1.44). However, in terms of discrimination, vertebral fractures did not have substantial incremental prognostic value after correction (C-index was 0.683 vs 0.682 for models with and without vertebral fractures respectively). Prevalent vertebral fractures on routine clinical chest CT are related to future cardiovascular events but do not have additional prognostic value to models that already include age, gender and cardiovascular calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinus F Buckens
- Radiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, E01.132, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Malek HA, Shata A. Effect of a high dose of vitamin D on a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:195-201. [PMID: 25004831 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial factors have been involved in atherosclerosis. An association has been shown between osteoporosis and carotid atherosclerosis. This work evaluates the effect of vitamin D on regression of atherosclerosis. Forty-eight male rabbits were divided into: Group Ia: [Standard diet + saline for 4 weeks]; Group I b: [Standard diet + a high dose of vitamin D3 daily for 4 weeks]; Group IIa: [Cholesterolenriched diet for 4 weeks]; Group IIb: [Cholesterolenriched diet + a single high dose of vit D3, daily for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed for assay in serum lipid profile, C reactive protein (CRP), vitamin D3 metabolite, calcium, soluble adhesion molecules (sVCAM and sICAM) and nitrite (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) released from isolated aortic rings. Results showed that vitamin D produced a significant reduction in the sera of lipid profile, CRP, and adhesion molecules, associated with a non-significant change in serum calcium and a significant increase in the body level of vitamin D3. Addition of vitamin D to the incubated aortic rings of the atherosclerotic rabbits resulted in a significant increase in NO and decrease in MDA release. It could be concluded that vitamin D has anti-atherosclerotic effects, and may exert these effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulation of nitric oxide, resulting in attenuation of the inflammatory atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Malek
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - A Shata
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Karamati M, Yousefian-Sanni M, Shariati-Bafghi SE, Rashidkhani B. Major nutrient patterns and bone mineral density among postmenopausal Iranian women. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:648-58. [PMID: 24687522 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the influence of overall nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) is limited because most studies to date have focused on the intakes of calcium, vitamin D, or a few isolated nutrients. Therefore, we examined the association of major nutrient patterns with BMD in a sample of postmenopausal Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, 160 women aged 50-85 years were studied and their lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and daily intakes of 30 nutrients were calculated. All nutrient intakes were energy adjusted by the residual method and were submitted to principal component factor analysis to identify major nutrient patterns. Overall, three major nutrient patterns were identified, among which only the first pattern, which was high in folate, total fiber, vitamin B6, potassium, vitamin A (as retinol activity equivalent), vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin K, magnesium, copper, and manganese, had a significant association with BMD. After controlling for potential confounders, multivariate adjusted mean of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertile of the first pattern scores was significantly higher than those in the lowest tertile (mean difference 0.08; 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.15; P = 0.01). A nutrient pattern similar to pattern 1, which is associated with high intakes of fruits and vegetables, may be beneficial for bone health in postmenopausal Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karamati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tamura Y, Kawao N, Yano M, Okada K, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency ameliorates insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia but not bone loss in obese female mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1708-17. [PMID: 24605827 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is involved in type 1 diabetic bone loss in female mice. PAI-1 is well known as an adipogenic factor induced by obesity. We therefore examined the effects of PAI-1 deficiency on bone and glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HF/HSD)-induced obese female mice. Female wild-type (WT) and PAI-1-deficient mice were fed with HF/HSD or normal diet for 20 weeks from 10 weeks of age. HF/HSD increased the levels of plasma PAI-1 in WT mice. PAI-1 deficiency suppressed the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and total cholesterol elevated by obesity. Moreover, PAI-1 deficiency improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by obesity. Bone mineral density (BMD) at trabecular bone as well as the levels of osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand mRNA in tibia were decreased by HF/HSD in WT mice, and those changes by HF/HSD were not affected by PAI-1 deficiency. HF/HSD increased the levels of plasma TNF-α in both WT and PAI-1-deficient mice, and the levels of plasma TNF-α were negatively correlated with trabecular BMD in tibia of female mice. In conclusion, we revealed that PAI-1 deficiency does not affect the trabecular bone loss induced by obesity despite the amelioration of insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia in female mice. Our data suggest that the changes of BMD and bone metabolism by obesity might be independent of PAI-1 as well as glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine (Y.T., N.K., M.Y., K.O., H.K.), Kinki University Faculty of Medicine (O.M.), Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
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Simon SP, Fodor D, Muntean L, Poanta L, Cristea P, Rednic S. Bone mineral density, vertebral fractures and body mass index in postmenopausal women with abdominal aortic calcification. Endocr Res 2014; 39:1-6. [PMID: 23650982 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.794425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggest that there are connections between osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between radiological measurements of abdominal aorta calcifications (AAC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study were included 125 postmenopausal women 50-84 years of age. BMD of the spine and hip was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). AAC were assessed by lateral radiographs of lumbar spine (L1-L4), using the antero-posterior severity score (0-24). Vertebral fractures were evaluated from T4 to L4 using Genant's semiquantitative method. RESULTS Forty-one (32.8%) patients had osteoporosis and 61 (48.8%) had AAC with a mean score of 3.1. Postmenopausal women with AAC were older and had significantly lower femoral neck and trochanteric BMD than subjects without AAC (all p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the frequency of fractures between subjects with AAC and those without AAC (p > 0.05). In univariate analysis, age, height, weight, femoral and trochanter BMD were significantly associated with the severity of AAC score. In multiple regression analysis, femoral neck BMD, but not lumbar spine, trochanter BMD or age, was an independent predictor of AAC. CONCLUSIONS Reduced femoral neck BMD is negatively associated with the presence of AAC in postmenopausal women. The association between BMD and AAC seems to be age-independent, which suggests a common pathogenesis for bone loss and vascular calcifications.
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Chaturvedi R, Singha PK, Dey S. Water soluble bioactives of nacre mediate antioxidant activity and osteoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84584. [PMID: 24367677 PMCID: PMC3868599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The water soluble matrix of nacre is a proven osteoinductive material. In spite of the differences in the biomolecular compositions of nacre obtained from multiple species of oysters, the common biochemical properties of those principles substantiate their biological activity. However, the mechanism by which nacre stimulates bone differentiation remains largely unknown. Since the positive impact of antioxidants on bone metabolism is well acknowledged, in this study we investigated the antioxidant potential of a water soluble matrix (WSM) obtained from the nacre of the marine oyster Pinctada fucata, which could regulate its osteoblast differentiation activity. Enhanced levels of ALP activity observed in pre-osteoblast cells upon treatment with WSM, suggested the induction of bone differentiation events. Furthermore, bone nodule formation and up-regulation of bone differentiation marker transcripts, i.e. collagen type-1 and osteocalcin by WSM confirmed its ability to induce differentiation of the pre-osteoblasts into mature osteoblasts. Remarkably, same WSM fraction upon pre-treatment lowered the H2O2 and UV-B induced oxidative damages in keratinocytes, thus indicating the antioxidant potential of WSM. This was further confirmed from the in vitro scavenging of ABTS and DPPH free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by WSM. Together, these results indicate that WSM poses both antioxidant potential and osteoblast differentiation property. Thus, bioactivities associated with nacre holds potential in the development of therapeutics for bone regeneration and against oxidative stress induced damages in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Chaturvedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Prajjal Kanti Singha
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Satyahari Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Curcumin Protects against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Changes in Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:174916. [PMID: 23049604 PMCID: PMC3463175 DOI: 10.1155/2012/174916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease affecting both men and women especially in postmenopausal women. Curcumin possesses many medicinal properties. In this study, thirty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the potential effect of curcumin in prevention of bone loss following ovariectomy. The animals were divided into Sham group, ovariectomised control, ovariectomised treated with curcumin 110 mg/kg and ovariectomised treated with Premarin 100 μg/kg. The treatments were given via daily oral gavages for 60 days. The structural parameters such as bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were found to be deteriorated in ovariectomised rats compared to Sham group. Moreover, the reduced osteoblast count, the increased osteoclast count and increased eroded surface were found in ovariectomised groups. Treatment with curcumin was able to reverse all these ovariectomy-induced deteriorations. Curcumin treatment was as effective as Premarin in most parameters except the bone volume and eroded surface, which were better than Premarin. The high dose of curcumin treatment was not only able to reduce the osteoclast number but also increase the osteoblast count. Therefore, the potential effect of curcumin can be applied as an alternative to oestrogen for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Pliatsika P, Antoniou A, Alexandrou A, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, Augoulea A, Dendrinos S, Aravantinos L, Creatsa M, Lambrinoudaki I. Serum lipid levels and bone mineral density in Greek postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:655-60. [PMID: 22324476 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contradictory results have been reported regarding a relationship between serum lipid levels and bone mineral density. The purpose of this study was to further investigate a possible relationship between those parameters in Greek postmenopausal women. A total of 591 patients followed at a tertiary hospital were examined for seven different lipid factors in relation to dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the lumbar spine. Lipoprotein-a was the only lipid measurement that univariately showed an almost significant trend of association with bone mass category (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p value 0.062 for Ln(Lipoprotein-a)). In multiple regression, it was noted that a non-significant negative trend of association of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and Apolipoprotein AI with lumbar T-score (p value 0.058 and 0.075, respectively). In age subgroup analysis, Lipoprotein-a and Ln(Lipoprotein-a) presented a negative correlation with lumbar T-score for women with age ≥ 53 years (p value 0.043 and 0.070, respectively), while a negative correlation of HDL and Apolipoprotein AI levels with lumbar T-score remained in women with age < 53 years (p value 0.039 and 0.052, respectively). The findings do not support a strong relationship between lipid levels and bone mass measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Pliatsika
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Pelton K, Krieder J, Joiner D, Freeman MR, Goldstein SA, Solomon KR. Hypercholesterolemia promotes an osteoporotic phenotype. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:928-36. [PMID: 22770664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A role for hypercholesterolemia in the development of osteoporosis has been suggested in published reports. However, few studies contain direct evidence of a role for maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis in bone health. Using isocaloric high-fat/high-cholesterol and low-fat/no-cholesterol diets in a 4-month feeding study combined with micro computed tomography analysis, we demonstrated in two different mouse strains that mice with hypercholesterolemia lose cortical and trabecular bone in the femurs and vertebrae (bone mineral density was decreased on average by ≈90 mg/mL in the cortical vertebrae in one strain) and cortical bone in the calvariae (bone mineral density was decreased on average by ≈60 mg/mL in one strain). Mechanical testing of the femurs demonstrated that loss of bone in the mice with hypercholesterolemia caused changes in the mechanical properties of the bone including loss of failure load (failure load was decreased by ≈10 N in one strain) and energy to failure. Serologic and histomorphologic analyses suggested that hypercholesterolemia promotes osteoclastogenesis. These studies support a role for hypercholesterolemia in the development of osteoporosis and provide a model with which to test intervention strategies to reduce the effects of hypercholesterolemia on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pelton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Al-Nouri D, Al-Khalifa A, Shahidi F. Long-term supplementation of dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratios alters bone marrow fatty acid and biomarkers of bone metabolism in growing rabbits. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Karamati M, Jessri M, Shariati-Bafghi SE, Rashidkhani B. Dietary patterns in relation to bone mineral density among menopausal Iranian women. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 91:40-9. [PMID: 22644320 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of dietary patterns and bone health is not yet well known, and findings from the rare previous studies conducted on this issue are contradictory. We assessed the dietary patterns in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of menopausal Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, 160 menopausal women aged 50-85 were studied and their femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed with a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified by a principal component factor analysis method. Overall, six dietary patterns emerged, two of which had a significant association with BMD. After adjusting for potential confounders, women who had higher scores for the first (high in high-fat dairy products, organ meats, red or processed meats and nonrefined cereals) and the second (high in French fries, mayonnaise, sweets and desserts and vegetable oils) dietary patterns we identified were more likely to have BMD below the median in the lumbar spine (odds ratio 2.29; 95 % confidence interval 1.05-4.96; p = 0.04) and the femoral neck (odds ratio 2.83, 95 % confidence interval 1.31-6.09; p < 0.01), respectively, compared to women with lower scores. Dietary patterns abundant in foods with high content of saturated fatty acids (similar to factor 1) or with low density of nutrients (similar to factor 2) are detrimental to bone health in menopausal Iranian women. These findings highlight the importance of proper food selection for maintaining bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karamati
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sarkis KS, Martini LA, Szejnfeld VL, Pinheiro MM. Low fatness, reduced fat intake and adequate plasmatic concentrations of LDL-cholesterol are associated with high bone mineral density in women: a cross-sectional study with control group. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:37. [PMID: 22409945 PMCID: PMC3317859 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several parameters are associated with high bone mineral density (BMD), such as overweight, black background, intense physical activity (PA), greater calcium intake and some medications. The objectives are to evaluate the prevalence and the main aspects associated with high BMD in healthy women. METHODS After reviewing the database of approximately 21,500 BMD scans performed in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, from June 2005 to October 2010, high BMD (over 1400 g/cm² at lumbar spine and/or above 1200 g/cm² at femoral neck) was found in 421 exams. Exclusion criteria were age below 30 or above 60 years, black ethnicity, pregnant or obese women, disease and/or medications known to interfere with bone metabolism. A total of 40 women with high BMD were included and matched with 40 healthy women with normal BMD, paired to weight, age, skin color and menopausal status. Medical history, food intake and PA were assessed through validated questionnaires. Body composition was evaluated through a GE-Lunar DPX MD + bone densitometer. Radiography of the thoracic and lumbar spine was carried out to exclude degenerative alterations or fractures. Biochemical parameters included both lipid and hormonal profiles, along with mineral and bone metabolism. Statistical analysis included parametric and nonparametric tests and linear regression models. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean age was 50.9 (8.3) years. There was no significant difference between groups in relation to PA, smoking, intake of calcium and vitamin D, as well as laboratory tests, except serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX), which was lower in the high BMD group (p = 0.04). In the final model of multivariate regression, a lower fat intake and body fatness as well a better profile of LDL-cholesterol predicted almost 35% of high BMD in women. (adjusted R2 = 0.347; p < 0.001). In addition, greater amounts of lean mass and higher IGF-1 serum concentrations played a protective role, regardless age and weight. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the potential deleterious effect of lipid metabolism-related components, including fat intake and body fatness and worse lipid profile, on bone mass and metabolism in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Sarkis
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, Sao Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo-SP, Brazil CEP-01246-904
| | - Lígia A Martini
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, Sao Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo - SP, Brazil CEP-01246-904
| | - Vera L Szejnfeld
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), Av Dr Altino Arantes, 669, apto 105, Vila Clementino, São Paulo-SP, Brazil CEP 04042-033
| | - Marcelo M Pinheiro
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), Av Dr Altino Arantes, 669, apto 105, Vila Clementino, São Paulo-SP, Brazil CEP 04042-033
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 650-2° Andar-Vila Clementino, CEP 04039-002 São Paulo-SP, Brazil, Disciplina de Reumatologia
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Arikan DC, Coskun A, Ozer A, Kilinc M, Atalay F, Arikan T. Plasma selenium, zinc, copper and lipid levels in postmenopausal Turkish women and their relation with osteoporosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:407-17. [PMID: 21656042 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the trace elements and lipids play role in the growth, development and maintenance of bones. We aimed to investigate serum selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lipid (total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, osteopenia and in healthy controls, and to determine the relationship between Se, Zn, Cu and lipid parameters and bone mineral density (BMD). The study included 107 postmenopausal women; 35 healthy (group 1), 37 osteopenic (group 2) and 35 osteoporotic (group 3). The women in all three groups were carefully matched for body mass index (BMI). Serum concentrations of Se, Zn and Cu were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma Se, Cu, Zn and lipid levels were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). When we combined the women in each of the three groups, and considered them as one group (n = 107) we found a positive correlation between BMI and lumbar vertebra BMD, femur neck BMD, femur total BMD; a positive correlation between TG and femur neck BMD, femur total BMD; a positive correlation between Zn and lumbar vertebra BMD (total T score) (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between Se, Cu, Zn, P and lipid parameters (p > 0.05). Although BMI has a positive effect on BMD, trace elements and lipids, except Zn and TG, did not directly and correlatively influence BMD. Further studies are needed to clarify the role and relationship of trace elements and lipid parameters in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cemgil Arikan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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Jensky NE, Hyder JA, Allison MA, Wong N, Aboyans V, Blumenthal RS, Schreiner P, Carr JJ, Wassel CL, Ix JH, Criqui MH. The association of bone density and calcified atherosclerosis is stronger in women without dyslipidemia: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2702-9. [PMID: 21834088 PMCID: PMC4100475 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) varies according to dyslipidemia in community-living individuals. Between 2002 and 2005, 305 women and 631 men (mean age of 64 years), who were not taking lipid-lowering medications or estrogen were assessed for spine BMD, CAC, and total (TC), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Participants were a random sample from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) without clinical cardiovascular disease. Spine BMD at the L3 vertebrate was performed by computer tomography (CT). CAC prevalence was measured by CT. The total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TC:HDL) ≥ 5.0 was used as the primary marker of hyperlipidemia. The association of BMD with CAC differed in women with TC:HDL < 5.0 versus higher (p-interaction = 0.01). In age- and race-adjusted models, among women with TC:HDL < 5.0, each SD (43.4 mg/cc) greater BMD was associated with a 25% lower prevalence of CAC (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.89), whereas among women with higher TC:HDL, higher BMD was not significantly associated with CAC (PR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82-1.82). Results were similar using other definitions of hyperlipidemia. In contrast, no consistent association was observed between BMD and CAC in men, irrespective of the TC:HDL ratio (p interaction 0.54). The inverse association of BMD with CAC is stronger in women without dyslipidemia. These data argue against the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is the key factor responsible for the inverse association of BMD with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Jensky
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joseph A Hyder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pamela Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Departments of Radiology and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Christina L. Wassel
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joachim H. Ix
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA CA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael H. Criqui
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Tartibian B, Hajizadeh Maleki B, Kanaley J, Sadeghi K. Long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation modulate osteoporosis through inflammatory mechanisms in post-menopausal women: a randomized, repeated measures study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:71. [PMID: 21999620 PMCID: PMC3212907 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that dietary fats and physical activity influence bone health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 (N-3) supplementation on serum inflammatory markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone biomarkers in post-menopausal women. METHODS Seventy-nine healthy sedentary post-menopausal women aged 58-78 years participated in this study. Subjects were randomized to one of 4 groups: exercise + supplement (E+S, n = 21), exercise (E, n = 20), supplement (S, n = 20), and control (Con, n = 18) groups. The subjects in the E+S and E groups performed aerobic exercise training (walking and jogging) up to 65% of HRmax, three times a week for 24 weeks. Subjects in the E+S and S groups consumed 1000 mg/d N-3 for 24 weeks. The lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck BMD, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6, prostaglandin (PG) E2, estrogen, osteocalcin, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 Vit D), C-telopeptide (CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) were measured at baseline, the end of week 12 and 24. RESULTS Serum estrogen, osteocalcin, 1, 25 Vit D, CT, L2-L4 and femoral neck BMD measures increased (P < 0.05) and the serum CTX, PTH, TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 decreased (P < 0.05) in E + S group after the 24 wk intervention but not in the E or S intervention groups. L2-L4 and femoral neck BMD, estrogen, osteocalcin, and CT were negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with TNF-α and PGE2. PTH and CT were correlated positively and negatively with IL-6, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that long-term aerobic exercise training plus N-3 supplementation have a synergistic effect in attenuating inflammation and augmenting BMD in post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Peres P, Terra V, Guarnier F, Cecchini R, Cecchini A. Photoaging and chronological aging profile: Understanding oxidation of the skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 103:93-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim WK, Meliton V, Bourquard N, Hahn TJ, Parhami F. Hedgehog signaling and osteogenic differentiation in multipotent bone marrow stromal cells are inhibited by oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1199-209. [PMID: 20717924 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a major role in age-related osteoporosis in part by inhibiting osteoblast generation from osteoprogenitors cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress may inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) in part by inhibiting the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is essential for bone development and maintenance and induces osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on Sonic Hh (Shh)-induced osteogenic differentiation and signaling in M2-10B4 (M2) MSC, C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts, and mouse primary MSC. Treatment of cells with H(2)O(2) inhibited Shh-induced osteogenic differentiation determined by the inhibition of Shh-induced expression of osteogenic differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osterix (OSX), and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Similar effects were found when oxidative stress was induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XXO) or minimally oxidized LDL (MM-LDL). H(2)O(2) , XXO, and MM-LDL treatment inhibited Shh-induced expression of the Hh target genes Gli1 and Patched1 as well as Gli-dependent transcriptional activity in M2 cells. H(2)O(2) treatment also inhibited Hh signaling induced by the direct activation of Smoothened by purmorphamine (PM), but not by Gli1 overexpression. This suggests that oxidative stress may inhibit Hh signaling upstream of Gli activation and Gli-induced gene expression. These findings demonstrate for the first time that oxidative stress inhibits Hh signaling associated with osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of Hh signaling-mediated osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells may in part explain the inhibitory effects of oxidative stress on osteoblast development, differentiation, and maintenance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Tache A, Cotrone S, Litescu SC, Cioffi N, Torsi L, Sabbatini L, Radu GL. Spectrochemical Characterization of Thin Layers of Lipoprotein Self-Assembled Films on Solid Supports Under Oxidation Process. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003790098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Estai MA, Suhaimi FH, Das S, Fadzilah FM, Alhabshi SMI, Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN. Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:865-72. [PMID: 21789393 PMCID: PMC3109388 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporotic fractures are common during osteoporotic states. Piper sarmentosum extract is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES To observe the radiological changes in fracture calluses following administration of a Piper sarmentosum extract during an estrogen-deficient state. METHODS A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (i) the sham-operated group; (ii) the ovariectomized-control group; (iii) the ovariectomized + estrogen-replacement therapy (ovariectomized-control + estrogen replacement therapy) group, which was supplemented with estrogen (100 μg/kg/day); and (iv) the ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum (ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum) group, which was supplemented with a water-based Piper sarmentosum extract (125 mg/kg). Six weeks after an ovariectomy, the right femora were fractured at the mid-diaphysis, and a K-wire was inserted. Each group of rats received their respective treatment for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, the right femora were subjected to radiological assessment. RESULTS The mean axial callus volume was significantly higher in the ovariectomized-control group (68.2 ± 11.74 mm³) than in the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups (20.4 ± 4.05, 22.4 ± 4.14 and 17.5 ± 3.68 mm³, respectively). The median callus scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups had median (range, minimum - maximum value) as 1.0 (0 - 2), 1.0 (1 - 2) and 1.0 (1 - 2), respectively, which were significantly lower than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (2 - 3). The median fracture scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups were 3.0 (3 - 4), 3.0 (2 - 3) and 3.0 (2 - 3), respectively, which were significantly higher than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (1 - 2) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The Piper sarmentosum extract improved fracture healing, as assessed by the reduced callus volumes and reduced callus scores. This extract is beneficial for fractures in osteoporotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdalla Estai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Graham LS, Tintut Y, Parhami F, Kitchen CMR, Ivanov Y, Tetradis S, Effros RB. Bone density and hyperlipidemia: the T-lymphocyte connection. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2460-9. [PMID: 20533376 PMCID: PMC3179287 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, which contributes to morbidity and mortality, often coexists with cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis. We have reported recently that in vitro exposure of human T-lymphocytes to oxidized lipids induced expression of a key osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Our previous studies have shown that mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet developed osteopenia and that bone marrow preosteoclasts from these hyperlipidemic mice have increased osteoclastic potential. To investigate the role of T-lymphocytes in the diet-induced bone loss, C57BL/6 mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet, and bone parameters and T-lymphocyte activation were assessed at 6 and 11 months. Consistent with our previous findings, peripheral quantitative computed tomographic (pQCT) analysis showed that mice in the high-fat group had lower bone mineral content than mice in the chow group. Furthermore, histomorphometric analysis showed decreased structural parameters in the high-fat group. Coculture studies showed that bone marrow cells isolated from the high-fat group, which contained increased levels of activated memory T-lymphocytes compared with bone marrow cells from the chow mice, supported osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, RANKL expression was upregulated significantly in the T-lymphocytes isolated from the bone marrow of the high-fat group. Splenic T-lymphocytes isolated from the high-fat group also had increased expression of transcripts for the receptor for oxidized lipids (LOX-1) as well as for inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines, including RANKL, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Together these findings suggest that T-lymphocytes play a key role in the osteoclastogenesis induced by a high-fat diet and may contribute to the bone loss associated with diet-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia S Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farhad Parhami
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina MR Kitchen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public HealthLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yevgeniv Ivanov
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of DentistryLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita B Effros
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
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SNP-SNP interactions within APOE gene influence plasma lipids in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:421-3. [PMID: 20340021 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oxidized lipids enhance RANKL production by T lymphocytes: implications for lipid-induced bone loss. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:265-75. [PMID: 19699688 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Whereas osteoclasts and osteoblasts are the main regulators of bone homeostasis, recent studies underscore a key role for the immune system, particularly via activation-induced T lymphocyte production of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL). Well-documented as a mediator of T lymphocyte/dendritic cell interactions, RANKL also stimulates the maturation and activation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Given that lipid oxidation products mediate inflammatory and metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis and atherosclerosis, and since oxidized lipids affect several T lymphocyte functions, we hypothesized that RANKL production might also be subject to modulation by oxidized lipids. Here, we show that short term exposure of both unstimulated and activated human T lymphocytes to minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), but not native LDL, significantly enhances RANKL production and promotes expression of the lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). The effect, which is also observed with 8-iso-Prostaglandin E2, an inflammatory isoprostane produced by lipid peroxidation, is mediated via the NFkappaB pathway, and involves increased RANKL mRNA expression. The link between oxidized lipids and T lymphocytes is further reinforced by analysis of hyperlipidemic mice, in which bone loss is associated with increased RANKL mRNA in T lymphocytes and elevated RANKL serum levels. Our results suggest a novel pathway by which T lymphocytes contribute to bone changes, namely, via oxidized lipid enhancement of RANKL production. These findings may help elucidate clinical associations between cardiovascular disease and decreased bone mass, and may also lead to new immune-based approaches to osteoporosis.
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Guglielmi G, Muscarella S, Leone A, Peh WCG. Imaging of metabolic bone diseases. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46:735-54, vi. [PMID: 18922290 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures increases with age. As life expectancy increases, social costs associated with osteoporotic fractures will multiply exponentially. The early diagnosis of osteoporosis, thanks to evermore precise devices, becomes, therefore, fundamental to prevent complications of disease and unnecessary suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Samelson EJ, Cupples LA, Broe KE, Hannan MT, O'Donnell CJ, Kiel DP. Vascular calcification in middle age and long-term risk of hip fracture: the Framingham Study. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:1449-54. [PMID: 17542685 PMCID: PMC2748402 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis frequently occur in the same individuals and may share similar pathogenic mechanisms. This study examined the relation between severity of aortic calcification in middle-age years and subsequent risk of hip fracture in women and men in the population-based Framingham Study. INTRODUCTION We assessed vascular calcification in women and men in middle age and risk of hip fracture at advanced age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included 2499 Framingham cohort members (mean age, 61 yr; range, 47-80 yr). Semiquantitative methods were used to determine severity of abdominal aortic calcification on baseline radiographs. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained from study examinations conducted at, or before, baseline radiography. Hip fractures were ascertained by active surveillance and confirmed by medical records. RESULTS Thirty-five-year cumulative incidence of hip fracture was 16% in women and 5% in men with prevalent aortic calcification at baseline (score 1+) and 14% in women and 4% in men without aortic calcification (score 0). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for hip fracture did not increase from the lowest to the highest category of aortic calcification. HRs were 1.0, 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.8), 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7-1.9), 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7-1.7), and 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8-2.3) in women (p for trend = 0.44) and 1.0, 1.8 (95% CI, 0.8-3.8), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.6), 1.5 (95% CI, 0.6-3.9), and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.2-5.7) in men (p for trend = 0.29) for aortic calcification scores 0 (reference), 1-4, 4-5, 6-10, and 11+, respectively. However, aortic calcification score was strongly associated with increased risk of death (p for trend < 0.0001 in women and men). HRs (95% CIs) for mortality from the lowest to highest aortic calcification score were 1.0, 1.6 (1.4-1.9), 1.7 (1.4-2.1), 1.8 (1.5-2.2), and 2.1 (1.7-2.6) for women, and for men were 1.0, 1.4 (1.1-1.6), 1.4 (1.2-1.8), 1.6 (1.3-2.0), and 1.9 (1.5-2.5). CONCLUSIONS Vascular calcification in middle-aged adults does not increase long-term hip fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Samelson
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA.
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Trebble TM. Bone turnover and nutritional status in Crohn's disease: relationship to circulating mononuclear cell function and response to fish oil and antioxidants. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 64:183-91. [PMID: 15960863 DOI: 10.1079/pns2005419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is associated with osteoporosis, malnutrition and altered function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The responses of circulating immune cells and extra-intestinal manifestations to increased inflammatory activity and to modulation by dietary supplementation are uncertain. The relationships between disease status, bone turnover and body mass and composition, PBMC function and fatty acid availability have been investigated in patients with Crohn's disease. The availability of n-3 and n-6 PUFA is altered in adult patients and interferon (IFN)-γ production by PBMC is lower. Increased inflammatory activity is associated with increased bone resorption in adult patients and decreased body mass in paediatric patients. In healthy male subjects there is a proportionate relationship between supplementary intake of EPA and DHA (0.3–2.0 g as fish oil/d) in combination with antioxidants (vitamins A, C and E and Se) and incorporation into plasma phospholipids and PBMC, and a non-linear relationship with PBMC synthesis of TNF-α, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (decrease) and IFN-γ (increase). In adults with Crohn's disease high-dose fish oil (2.7 g EPA+DHA/d) in combination with antioxidants (vitamins A, C and E and Se) increases the EPA and DHA content of PBMC and decreases the production of IFN-γ by PBMC, but is not associated with effects on bone turnover or nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Trebble
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
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Delibasi T, Emral R, Erdogan MF, Kamel N. Effects of alendronate sodium therapy on carotid intima media thickness in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Adv Ther 2007; 24:319-25. [PMID: 17565922 DOI: 10.1007/bf02849900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are major health problems that lead to morbidity and mortality. Bisphosphonates are among the drugs used most frequently worldwide to treat osteoporosis, especially in older women. B-mode ultrasonography has recently become a valuable tool for early diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease because of its ability to measure carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether alendronate sodium therapy has an effect on CIMT in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A total of 71 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were evaluated before and after they began taking alendronate sodium; follow-up was provided for an average of 13+/-2 mo. Osteoporosis was diagnosed with the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and therapy with alendronate sodium was begun at a dose of 70 mg/wk. For CIMT, B-mode ultrasonography was performed on the right and left middle and distal main carotid arteries. Before alendronate sodium therapy was initiated, the average CIMT value was 0.734+/-0.121 mm; after therapy, the average CIMT was 0.712+/-0.111 mm. This difference was not confirmed to be statistically significant. Treatment of osteoporosis does not seem to have an effect on CIMT, which is an early marker of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Delibasi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Griel AE, Kris-Etherton PM, Hilpert KF, Zhao G, West SG, Corwin RL. An increase in dietary n-3 fatty acids decreases a marker of bone resorption in humans. Nutr J 2007; 6:2. [PMID: 17227589 PMCID: PMC1784104 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human, animal, and in vitro research indicates a beneficial effect of appropriate amounts of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone health. This is the first controlled feeding study in humans to evaluate the effect of dietary plant-derived n-3 PUFA on bone turnover, assessed by serum concentrations of N-telopeptides (NTx) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP). Subjects (n = 23) consumed each diet for 6 weeks in a randomized, 3-period crossover design: 1) Average American Diet (AAD; [34% total fat, 13% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 13% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 9% PUFA (7.7% LA, 0.8% ALA)]), 2) Linoleic Acid Diet (LA; [37% total fat, 9% SFA, 12% MUFA, 16% PUFA (12.6% LA, 3.6% ALA)]), and 3) alpha-Linolenic Acid Diet (ALA; [38% total fat, 8% SFA, 12% MUFA, 17% PUFA (10.5% LA, 6.5% ALA)]). Walnuts and flaxseed oil were the predominant sources of ALA. NTx levels were significantly lower following the ALA diet (13.20 +/- 1.21 nM BCE), relative to the AAD (15.59 +/- 1.21 nM BCE) (p < 0.05). Mean NTx level following the LA diet was 13.80 +/- 1.21 nM BCE. There was no change in levels of BSAP across the three diets. Concentrations of NTx were positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha for all three diets. The results indicate that plant sources of dietary n-3 PUFA may have a protective effect on bone metabolism via a decrease in bone resorption in the presence of consistent levels of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Griel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S Henderson Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S Henderson Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kirsten F Hilpert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S Henderson Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Guixiang Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S Henderson Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 315 Health & Human Development East, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca L Corwin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S Henderson Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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