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Zhang J, Aroca A, Hervás M, Navarro JA, Moreno I, Xie Y, Romero LC, Gotor C. Analysis of sulfide signaling in rice highlights specific drought responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5130-5145. [PMID: 38808567 PMCID: PMC11349868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide regulates essential plant processes, including adaptation responses to stress situations, and the best characterized mechanism of action of sulfide consists of the post-translational modification of persulfidation. In this study, we reveal the first persulfidation proteome described in rice including 3443 different persulfidated proteins that participate in a broad range of biological processes and metabolic pathways. In addition, comparative proteomics revealed specific proteins involved in sulfide signaling during drought responses. Several proteins are involved in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy-related pathways, and ion transmembrane transport and cellular water homeostasis, with the aquaporin family showing the highest differential levels of persulfidation. We revealed that water transport activity is regulated by sulfide which correlates with an increasing level of persulfidation of aquaporins. Our findings emphasize the impact of persulfidation on total ATP levels, fatty acid composition, levels of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymatic activities, and relative water content. Interestingly, the role of persulfidation in aquaporin transport activity as an adaptation response in rice differs from current knowledge of Arabidopsis, which highlights the distinct role of sulfide in improving rice tolerance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Angeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Singh S, Viswanath A, Chakraborty A, Narayanan N, Malipatil R, Jacob J, Mittal S, Satyavathi TC, Thirunavukkarasu N. Identification of key genes and molecular pathways regulating heat stress tolerance in pearl millet to sustain productivity in challenging ecologies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1443681. [PMID: 39239194 PMCID: PMC11374647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1443681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a nutri-cereal that is mostly grown in harsh environments, making it an ideal crop to study heat tolerance mechanisms at the molecular level. Despite having a better-inbuilt tolerance to high temperatures than other crops, heat stress negatively affects the crop, posing a threat to productivity gain. Hence, to understand the heat-responsive genes, the leaf and root samples of two contrasting pearl millet inbreds, EGTB 1034 (heat tolerant) and EGTB 1091 (heat sensitive), were subjected to heat-treated conditions and generated genome-wide transcriptomes. We discovered 13,464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 6932 were down-regulated and 6532 up-regulated in leaf and root tissues. The pairwise analysis of the tissue-based transcriptome data of the two genotypes demonstrated distinctive genotype and tissue-specific expression of genes. The root exhibited a higher number of DEGs compared to the leaf, emphasizing different adaptive strategies of pearl millet. A large number of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, WRKY, NAC, enzymes involved in nutrient uptake, protein kinases, photosynthetic enzymes, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) and several transcription factors (TFs) involved in cross-talking of temperature stress responsive mechanisms were activated in the stress conditions. Ribosomal proteins emerged as pivotal hub genes, highly interactive with key genes expressed and involved in heat stress response. The synthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways of pearl millet were significantly enriched under heat stress. Comparative synteny analysis of HSPs and TFs in the foxtail millet genome demonstrated greater collinearity with pearl millet compared to proso millet, rice, sorghum, and maize. In this study, 1906 unannotated DEGs were identified, providing insight into novel participants in the molecular response to heat stress. The identified genes hold promise for expediting varietal development for heat tolerance in pearl millet and similar crops, fostering resilience and enhancing grain yield in heat-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aswini Viswanath
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Animikha Chakraborty
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neha Narayanan
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Malipatil
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jinu Jacob
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Tara C Satyavathi
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Global Center of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
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El Yamani M, Cordovilla MDP. Tolerance Mechanisms of Olive Tree ( Olea europaea) under Saline Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2094. [PMID: 39124213 PMCID: PMC11314443 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree that occupies 19% of the woody crop area and is cultivated in 67 countries on five continents. The largest olive production region is concentrated in the Mediterranean basin, where the olive tree has had an enormous economic, cultural, and environmental impact since the 7th century BC. In the Mediterranean region, salinity stands out as one of the main abiotic stress factors significantly affecting agricultural production. Moreover, climate change is expected to lead to increased salinization in this region, threatening olive productivity. Salt stress causes combined damage by osmotic stress and ionic toxicity, restricting olive growth and interfering with multiple metabolic processes. A large variability in salinity tolerance among olive cultivars has been described. This paper aims to synthesize information from the published literature on olive adaptations to salt stress and its importance in salinity tolerance. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of olive tolerance to salt stress are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Yamani
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development, Essaouira School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 383, Essaouira 40000, Morocco
| | - María del Pilar Cordovilla
- Center for Advances Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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Zhang Z, Lv Y, Sun Q, Yao X, Yan H. Comparative Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Seed Germination in Response to Low Temperature Stress in Alfalfa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7244. [PMID: 39000350 PMCID: PMC11241472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is the most common abiotic factor that usually occurs during the seed germination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). However, the potential regulatory mechanisms involved in alfalfa seed germination under low temperature stress are still ambiguous. Therefore, to determine the relevant key genes and pathways, the phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of low-temperature sensitive (Instict) and low-temperature tolerant (Sardi10) alfalfa were conducted at 6 and 15 h of seed germination under normal (20 °C) and low (10 °C) temperature conditions. Germination phenotypic results showed that Sardi10 had the strongest germination ability under low temperatures, which was manifested by the higher germination-related indicators. Further transcriptome analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism and carbon metabolism pathways, which were the most commonly enriched in two alfalfa genotypes. Additionally, fatty acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways were preferably enriched in Sardi10 alfalfa. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) suggested that genes were closely related to galactose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in Sardi10 alfalfa at the module with the highest correlation (6 h of germination under low temperature). Finally, qRT-PCR analysis further validated the related genes involved in the above pathways, which might play crucial roles in regulating seed germination of alfalfa under low temperature conditions. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of seed germination underlying the low temperature stress in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanzhen Lv
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingying Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingjie Yao
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao 266109, China
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Wang W, Li Y, Yang S, Wu J, Ma C, Chen Y, Sun X, Wu L, Liang X, Fu Q, Xu Z, Li L, Huang Z, Zhu J, Jia X, Ye X, Chen R. Stress response membrane protein OsSMP2 negatively regulates rice tolerance to drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3300-3321. [PMID: 38447063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In a gene chip analysis, rice (Oryza sativa) OsSMP2 gene expression was induced under various abiotic stresses, prompting an investigation into its role in drought resistance and abscisic acid signaling. Subsequent experiments, including qRT-PCR and β-glucuronidase activity detection, affirmed the OsSMP2 gene's predominant induction by drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated the OsSMP2 protein primarily localizes to the cell membrane system. Overexpressing OsSMP2 increased sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid, reducing drought resistance and leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation under drought stress. Conversely, in simulated drought experiments, OsSMP2-silenced transgenic plants showed significantly longer roots compared with the wild-type Nipponbare. These results suggest that OsSMP2 overexpression negatively affects rice drought resistance, offering valuable insights into molecular mechanisms, and highlight OsSMP2 as a potential target for enhancing crop resilience to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Songjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingzhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaomei Jia
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Faysal Ahmed F, Dola FS, Zohra FT, Rahman SM, Konak JN, Sarkar MAR. Genome-wide identification, classification, and characterization of lectin gene superfamily in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294233. [PMID: 37956187 PMCID: PMC10642848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins found abundantly in plants. Lectin superfamily members have diverse roles, including plant growth, development, cellular processes, stress responses, and defense against microbes. However, the genome-wide identification and functional analysis of lectin genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) remain unexplored. Therefore, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches (IBA) for in-depth genome-wide identification, characterization, and regulatory factor analysis of sweet orange lectin genes. Through genome-wide comparative analysis, we identified a total of 141 lectin genes distributed across 10 distinct gene families such as 68 CsB-Lectin, 13 CsLysin Motif (LysM), 4 CsChitin-Bind1, 1 CsLec-C, 3 CsGal-B, 1 CsCalreticulin, 3 CsJacalin, 13 CsPhloem, 11 CsGal-Lec, and 24 CsLectinlegB.This classification relied on characteristic domain and phylogenetic analysis, showing significant homology with Arabidopsis thaliana's lectin gene families. A thorough analysis unveiled common similarities within specific groups and notable variations across different protein groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the predicted genes' roles in diverse cellular components, metabolic processes, and stress-related regulation. Additionally, network analysis of lectin genes with transcription factors (TFs) identified pivotal regulators like ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and TCP. The cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) found in sweet orange lectin genes showed their roles in crucial pathways, including light-responsive (LR), stress-responsive (SR), hormone-responsive (HR), and more. These findings will aid in the in-depth molecular examination of these potential genes and their regulatory elements, contributing to targeted enhancements of sweet orange species in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Sumaiya Dola
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohra
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Naher Konak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of LifeScience, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Esmailpourmoghadam E, Salehi H, Moshtaghi N. Differential Gene Expression Responses to Salt and Drought Stress in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8. [PMID: 37742296 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gene expression kinetics and the underlying physiological mechanisms in stress combinations is a challenge for the purpose of stress resistance breeding. The novelty of this study is correlating the physiological mechanisms with the expression of key target genes in tall fescue under a combination of various salinity and osmotic stress treatments. Four drought- and salt-responsive genes belonging to different crucial pathways evaluated included one transcription factor FabZIP69, one for the cytosolic polyamine synthetase FaADC1, one for ABA signaling FaCYP707A1, and another one for the specific Na+/H+ plasma membrane antiporter FaSOS1 involve in osmotic homeostasis. FaSOS1, FaCYP707A1, and FabZIP69 were induced early at 6 h after NaCl treatment, while FaSOS1 and FaCYP707A1 were transcribed gradually after exposure to PEG. However, stress interactions showed a significantly increased expression in all genes. Expression of these genes was positively correlated to Pro, SSs, IL, DPPH, and antioxidant enzyme activity and negatively correlated with RWC, total Chl, and MSI. Chemical analyses showed that tall fescue plants exposed to the combination of stresses exhibited increased quantity of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), EL and DPPH, and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, and SOD), Pro, and SSs content, compared with control seedlings. Under dual-stress conditions, the expression of FabZIP69 was effective in controlling the expression of FaSOS1 and FaADC1 genes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Moshtaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang R, Dong Y, Li Y, Ren G, Chen C, Jin X. SLs signal transduction gene CsMAX2 of cucumber positively regulated to salt, drought and ABA stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Gene 2023; 864:147282. [PMID: 36822526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that strigolactones (SLs) participate in the regulation of stress adaptation, however, the mechanisms remain elusive. MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2) is the key gene in the signal transduction pathway of SLs. This study aimed to clone and functionally characterize the CsMAX2 gene of cucumber in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression levels of the CsMAX2 gene changed significantly after salt, drought, and ABA stresses in cucumber. Moreover, the overexpression of CsMAX2 promoted stress tolerance and increased the germination rate and root length of Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, the content of chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde decreased in CsMAX2 OE lines under salt and drought stresses. Additionally, the expression levels of stress-related marker genes, especially AREB1 and COR15A, were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the expression levels of all genes were upregulated under drought stress, except ABI4 and ABI5 genes. The level of NCED3 continued to rise under both salt and drought stresses. In addition, D10 and D27 gene expression level also showed a continuous increase under ABA stress. The result suggested the interaction between SL and ABA in the process of adapting to stress. Overall, CsMAX2 could positively regulate salt, drought, and ABA stress resistance, and this process correlated with ABA transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runming Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China; Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyue Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
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Gajardo HA, Gómez-Espinoza O, Boscariol Ferreira P, Carrer H, Bravo LA. The Potential of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Enhance Crop Performance on Adverse Soil Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091892. [PMID: 37176948 PMCID: PMC10181257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because the major staple food crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed to maintain the actual yield of crops, using traditional breeding and innovative molecular techniques to assist them. However, additional strategies are necessary to achieve the future food demand. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology, as well as its variants, have emerged as alternatives to transgenic plant breeding. This novelty has helped to accelerate the necessary modifications in major crops to confront the impact of abiotic stress on agriculture systems. This review summarizes the current advances in CRISPR/Cas applications in crops to deal with the main hostile soil conditions, such as drought, flooding and waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient deficiencies. In addition, the potential of extremophytes as a reservoir of new molecular mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance, as well as their orthologue identification and edition in crops, is shown. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects related to CRISPR/Cas technology issues, legal regulations, and customer acceptance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto A Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
| | - Olman Gómez-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Boscariol Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Helaine Carrer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
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Pan X, Wang C, Liu Z, Gao R, Feng L, Li A, Yao K, Liao W. Identification of ABF/AREB gene family in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and functional analysis of ABF/AREB in response to ABA and abiotic stresses. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15310. [PMID: 37163152 PMCID: PMC10164373 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays an important regulatory role in plant growth and stress response. The AREB (ABA-responsive element binding protein)/ABF (ABRE-binding factor) are important ABA-signaling components that participate in abiotic stress response. However, genome-scale analysis of ABF/AREB has not been systemically investigated in tomato. This study was conducted to identify tomato ABF/AREB family members and analyze their response to ABA and abiotic stresses. The results show that a total of 10 ABF/AREB members were identified in tomato, which are randomly distributed on five chromosomes. Domain analysis showed that these members exhibit high protein similarity, especially in the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain region. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that all 10 ABF/AREB members are localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that tomato ABF/AREB genes are divided into two groups, and they are similar with the orthologs of other plants. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that most tomato ABF/AREB genes contain a variety of hormones and stress-related elements. Expression profiles of different tissues indicated that SlABF2 and SlABF10 play an important role in fruit ripening. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 10 tomato ABF/AREB genes respond to ABA, with SlABF3 being the most sensitive. SlABF3, SlABF5 and SlABF10 positively respond to salt and cold stresses. SlABF1, SlABF3 and SlABF10 are significantly induced under UV radiation treatment. SlABF3 and SlABF5 are significantly induced in osmotic stress. Overall, this study may provide insight into the role of tomato ABF/AREB homologues in plant response to abiotic stresses, which laid a foundation for future functional study of ABF/AREB in tomato.
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DsDBF1, a Type A-5 DREB Gene, Identified and Characterized in the Moss Dicranum scoparium. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010090. [PMID: 36676039 PMCID: PMC9862540 DOI: 10.3390/life13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) play important roles during stress tolerance by regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in stresses. DREB TFs have been extensively studied in a variety of angiosperms and bryophytes. To date, no information on the identification and characterization of DREB TFs in Dicranum scoparium has been reported. In this study, a new DBF1 gene from D. scoparium was identified by cloning and sequencing. Analysis of the conserved domain and physicochemical properties revealed that DsDBF1 protein has a classic AP2 domain encoding a 238 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 26 kDa and a pI of 5.98. Subcellular prediction suggested that DsDBF1 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DsDBF1 belongs to group A-5 DREBs. Expression analysis by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that DsDBF1 was significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stresses such as desiccation/rehydration, exposure to paraquat, CdCl2, high and freezing temperatures. Taken together, our data suggest that DsDBF1 could be a promising gene candidate to improve stress tolerance in crop plants, and the characterization of TFs of a stress tolerant moss such as D. scoparium provides a better understanding of plant adaptation mechanisms.
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Zhang W, Zhou P, Pan S, Li Y, Lin L, Niu L, Wang L, Zhang H. The role of microbial communities on primary producers in aquatic ecosystems: Implications in turbidity stress resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114353. [PMID: 36116492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the stress tolerance and adaptation potential of primary producers is of importance for the restoration and management of aquatic ecosystems. Microorganisms have been reported to mediate improved resistance toward different abiotic stresses of primary producers in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, it is not clear about the role of microbial communities in the turbidity resistance of primary producers, when aquatic ecosystems are under turbidity pressure. In this study, key microbes and the action path which enhance turbidity tolerance of primary producers were recognized by mesocosm and various multivariate statistical methods. Remarkable decrease of the biomass of primary producers was found with the increase of turbidity. Significant differences in microbial community under different turbidity pressure were recognized and key microbes which may expand the turbidity tolerance of primary producers were further identified. Rhodobacter and Rhodoferax were selected as key microbes by the investigation of keystone species in the microbial ecological network and significant discriminant taxa under different turbidity stress. The action path for microbial communities to help primary producers cope with turbidity pressure was found through structural equation model, and in which the increase of key microbes may expand the turbidity tolerance of primary producers through enhancing the microbial loop. The results may provide a new insight for aquatic ecosystems to resist turbidity stress, and provide a theoretical basis for the management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Shenyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Li Lin
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Huangpu Road #23, Wuhan, 430010, PR China.
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Daems S, Ceusters N, Valcke R, Ceusters J. Effects of chilling on the photosynthetic performance of the CAM orchid Phalaenopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981581. [PMID: 36507447 PMCID: PMC9732388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of the three main metabolic adaptations for CO2 fixation found in plants. A striking feature for these plants is nocturnal carbon fixation and diurnal decarboxylation of malic acid to feed Rubisco with CO2 behind closed stomata, thereby saving considerable amounts of water. Compared to the effects of high temperatures, drought, and light, much less information is available about the effects of chilling temperatures on CAM plants. In addition a lot of CAM ornamentals are grown in heated greenhouses, urging for a deeper understanding about the physiological responses to chilling in order to increase sustainability in the horticultural sector. METHODS The present study focuses on the impact of chilling temperatures (10°C) for 3 weeks on the photosynthetic performance of the obligate CAM orchid Phalaenopsis 'Edessa'. Detailed assessments of the light reactions were performed by analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters and the carbon fixation reactions by measuring diel leaf gas exchange and diel metabolite patterns. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results showed that chilling already affected the light reactions after 24h. Whilst the potential efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) was not yet influenced, a massive decrease in the performance index (PIabs) was noticed. This decrease did not depict an overall downregulation of PSII related energy fluxes since energy absorption and dissipation remained uninfluenced whilst the trapped energy and reduction flux were upregulated. This might point to the presence of short-term adaptation mechanisms to chilling stress. However, in the longer term the electron transport chain from PSII to PSI was affected, impacting both ATP and NADPH provision. To avoid over-excitation and photodamage plants showed a massive increase in thermal dissipation. These considerations are also in line with carbon fixation data showing initial signs of cold adaptation by achieving comparable Rubisco activity compared to unstressed plants but increasing daytime stomatal opening in order to capture a higher proportion of CO2 during daytime. However, in accordance with the light reactions data, Rubisco activity declined and stomatal conductance and CO2 uptake diminished to near zero levels after 3 weeks, indicating that plants were not successful in cold acclimation on the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Daems
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Ceusters
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
| | - Roland Valcke
- Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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14
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Chen P, Li HQ, Li XY, Zhou XH, Zhang XX, Zhang AS, Liu QZ. Transcriptomic analysis provides insight into defensive strategies in response to continuous cropping in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:476. [PMID: 36203126 PMCID: PMC9540695 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strawberries are an important economic fruit crop world-wide. In strawberry cultivation, continuous cropping (CC) can seriously threaten yield and quality. However, our understanding of the gene expression changes in response to CC and during subsequent defense processes is limited. In this study, we analyzed the impact of CC on the transcriptome of strawberry roots using RNA-Seq technology to elucidate the effect of CC and the subsequent molecular changes. RESULTS We found that CC significantly affects the growth of strawberry plants. The transcriptome analysis identified 136 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 49 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated DEGs. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the up-regulated DEGs were mainly assigned to defense-related GO terms, and most down-regulated DEGs were assigned to nutrient-related GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the responsive DEGs were classified in a large number of important biological pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction. We also found that four WRKY transcription factors and three peroxidase genes involved in plant defense pathways were up-regulated in the roots of strawberry plants subjected to CC. CONCLUSION Several unigenes involved in plant defense processes, such as CNGCs, WRKY transcription factors, PR1, and peroxidase genes with highly variable expression levels between non-CC and CC treatments may be involved in the regulation of CC in strawberry. These results indicate that strawberry roots reallocate development resources to defense mechanisms in response to CC. This study will further deepen our understanding of the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of strawberry resource reallocation in response to CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100 Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Entomology and Nematology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - He-qin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Xing-yue Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100 Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100 Jinan, China
| | - An-sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100 Jinan, China
| | - Qi-zhi Liu
- Laboratory of Entomology and Nematology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Verbitskaia AA, Egorova AS, Tsarkova EA, Gaponenko AK. Studying the effect of the OsGATA rice transcription factor on salt stress tolerance in wheat. PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY, GENETICS AND BREEDING 2022. [DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the possibility of using the OsGATA rice transcription factor in transgenic lines of high-yielding wheat cultivars to increase their tolerance to salinity, which was confirmed using physiological and biochemical methods according to standard protocols. Wheat plants were grown in an artificial climate under optimal growing conditions. Genetic transformation methods were used to introduce the GATA gene into the genome of the used wheat genotypes. Transgenic lines were selected on selective media under in vitro conditions.The results of the experimental work showed that the expression of the GATA gene under salt stress may be responsible for the increased compartmentalization of Na+ in the vacuole, which provides improved salt tolerance. As a result of the experiment, collections of T1 transgenic wheat lines from cvs. ‘Zlata’, ‘Emir’ and ‘Agata’ expressing the GATA gene were obtained and studied for salt tolerance. Lines Zl.01, Zl.02, Zl.03 and Ag.02 were selected with PCR. Under NaCl salinity conditions, some of the transgenic lines showed a statistically significant increase in salinity resistance. The results of the study laid the foundation for studying GATA genes in wheat and for producing salinity-tolerant lines without growth defects or reduced productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Verbitskaia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. S. Egorova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E. A. Tsarkova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. K. Gaponenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Jumpa T, Beckles DM, Songsri P, Pattanagul K, Pattanagul W. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf ( Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2447. [PMID: 36235312 PMCID: PMC9572180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gac is a carotenoid-rich, healthful tropical fruit; however, its productivity is limited by soil salinity, a growing environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on key physiological traits and metabolites in 30-day-old gac seedling leaves, treated with 0, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 150-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for four weeks to identify potential alarm, acclimatory, and exhaustion responses. Electrolyte leakage increased with increasing NaCl concentrations (p < 0.05) indicating loss of membrane permeability and conditions that lead to reactive oxygen species production. At 25 and 50 mM NaCl, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, starch content, and total soluble sugar increased. Chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll increased at 25 mM NaCl but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations indicating salinity-induced thylakoid membrane degradation and chlorophyllase activity. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased (p < 0.05) at all NaCl treatments, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were highest at 150 mM NaCl. GC-MS-metabolite profiling showed that 150 mM NaCl induced the largest changes in metabolites and was thus distinct. Thirteen pathways and 7.73% of metabolites differed between the control and all the salt-treated seedlings. Salinity decreased TCA cycle intermediates, and there were less sugars for growth but more for osmoprotection, with the latter augmented by increased amino acids. Although 150 mM NaCl level decreased SOD activity, the APX and GPX enzymes were still active, and some carbohydrates and metabolites also accumulated to promote salinity resistance via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwan Jumpa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Pattanagul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattana Pattanagul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Zhao Z, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wu R, Guo C, Qin A, Bawa G, Sun X. Creation of cotton mutant library based on linear electron accelerator radiation mutation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101228. [PMID: 35243011 PMCID: PMC8867050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important cash crops worldwide. At present, new cotton varieties are mainly produced through conventional cross breeding, which is limited by available germplasm. Although the genome of cotton has been fully sequenced, research on the function of specific genes lags behind due to the lack of sufficient genetic material. Therefore, it is very important to create a cotton mutant library to create new, higher-quality varieties and identify genes associated with the regulation of key traits. Traditional mutagenic strategies, such as physical, chemical, and site-directed mutagenesis, are relatively costly, inefficient, and difficult to perform. In this study, we used a radiation mutation method based on linear electron acceleration to mutate cotton variety 'TM-1', for which a whole-genome sequence has previously been performed, to create a high throughput cotton mutant library. Abundant phenotypic variation was observed in the progeny population for three consecutive generations, including cotton fiber color variation, plant dwarfing, significant improvement of yield traits, and increased sensitivity to Verticillium wilt. These results show that radiation mutagenesis is an effective and feasible method to create plant mutant libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Chakraborty A, Viswanath A, Malipatil R, Semalaiyappan J, Shah P, Ronanki S, Rathore A, Singh SP, Govindaraj M, Tonapi VA, Thirunavukkarasu N. Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136907. [PMID: 35805919 PMCID: PMC9266394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important crop of the arid and semi-arid ecologies to sustain food and fodder production. The greater tolerance to drought stress attracts us to examine its cellular and molecular mechanisms via functional genomics approaches to augment the grain yield. Here, we studied the drought response of 48 inbreds representing four different maturity groups at the flowering stage. A set of 74 drought-responsive genes were separated into five major phylogenic groups belonging to eight functional groups, namely ABA signaling, hormone signaling, ion and osmotic homeostasis, TF-mediated regulation, molecular adaptation, signal transduction, physiological adaptation, detoxification, which were comprehensively studied. Among the conserved motifs of the drought-responsive genes, the protein kinases and MYB domain proteins were the most conserved ones. Comparative in-silico analysis of the drought genes across millet crops showed foxtail millet had most orthologs with pearl millet. Of 698 haplotypes identified across millet crops, MyC2 and Myb4 had maximum haplotypes. The protein–protein interaction network identified ABI2, P5CS, CDPK, DREB, MYB, and CYP707A3 as major hub genes. The expression assay showed the presence of common as well as unique drought-responsive genes across maturity groups. Drought tolerant genotypes in respective maturity groups were identified from the expression pattern of genes. Among several gene families, ABA signaling, TFs, and signaling proteins were the prospective contributors to drought tolerance across maturity groups. The functionally validated genes could be used as promising candidates in backcross breeding, genomic selection, and gene-editing schemes in pearl millet and other millet crops to increase the yield in drought-prone arid and semi-arid ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animikha Chakraborty
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Aswini Viswanath
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Renuka Malipatil
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Janani Semalaiyappan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Priya Shah
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Swarna Ronanki
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.T.)
| | - Vilas A. Tonapi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.T.)
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19
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Kour D, Khan SS, Kaur T, Kour H, Singh G, Yadav A, Yadav AN. Drought adaptive microbes as bioinoculants for the horticultural crops. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09493. [PMID: 35647359 PMCID: PMC9130543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is among the most destructive stresses for agricultural productivity. It interferes with normal metabolic activities of the plants resulting, a negative impact on physiology and morphology of the plants. The management of drought stress requires various adaptive and alleviation strategies in which stress adaptive microbiomes are exquisite bioresources for plant growth and alleviation of drought stress. Diverse drought adaptive microbes belonging to genera Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Streptomyces have been reported worldwide. These bioresources exhibit a wide range of mechanisms such as helping plant in nutrient acquisition, producing growth regulators, lowering the levels of stress ethylene, increasing the concentration of osmolytes, and preventing oxidative damage under water deficit environmental conditions. Horticulture is one of the potential agricultural sectors to speed up the economy, poverty and generation of employment for livelihood. The applications of drought adaptive plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes as biofertilizers and biopesticides for horticulture is a potential strategy to improve the productivity and protection of horticultural crops from abiotic and biotic stresses for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Sofia Shareif Khan
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandary, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
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20
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Juprasong Y, Songnuan W. Plant Stress Scenarios Differentially Affect Expression and IgE Reactivity of Grass Group-1 Allergen (β-Expansin) in Maize and Rice Pollen. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:807387. [PMID: 35386660 PMCID: PMC8974862 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.807387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pollen is among the most common outdoor aeroallergens eliciting pollen allergies throughout the world. Grass group-1 allergen or β-expansin is recognized as a major pollen allergen, particularly in the grass family Poaceae. Expression of β-expansin has been shown to be dynamic and can be influenced by environmental stresses. This study evaluated the relative expression of β-expansin and IgE-binding ability of crude pollen extract protein of rice and maize under three different stress conditions: flood, salt, and drought. After 1 week of treatments, anthers containing pollen were collected followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. To evaluate relative expression, qRT-PCR was performed using specific primers for β-expansin and reference genes. Physiological characteristics of treated and untreated maize and rice: plant height; fresh weight of anthers; number of inflorescences, anthers, and pollen grains were also recorded. To assess IgE-binding ability of proteins in rice pollen extracts, soluble crude proteins were extracted and IgE immunoblot and ELISA were performed using serum samples from grass-allergic subjects and healthy control donors. Results showed that plant height, fresh weight of anthers, number of inflorescences, anthers, and pollen grains of both maize and rice decreased significantly under drought stress conditions, but not in other conditions. Expression of β-expansin in pollen of rice showed an apparent increase in all stress treatments relative to control samples. In contrast, a significant decrease of β-expansin expression was detected in maize pollen under all stress-treated conditions. IgE-reactive protein bands from rice pollen extract proteins were ~30 kDa, as expected of the grass-group 1 protein. The intensity of IgE-reactive protein bands and the level of IgE to rice pollen proteins showed significant differences among stress conditions. In conclusion, environmental stresses—flood, salt, and drought, can elicit a change of β-expansin expression and IgE reactivity to grass group-1 pollen allergens. Changes in expression level of this gene likely reflected its importance during stress. However, the response is highly dependent on different schemes employed by each plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotin Juprasong
- Graduate Program in Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisuwat Songnuan
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Wisuwat Songnuan
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21
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Ma X, Liu JN, Yan L, Liang Q, Fang H, Wang C, Dong Y, Chai Z, Zhou R, Bao Y, Hou W, Yang KQ, Wu D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Defense Pathways of Fraxinus velutina Torr Against Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842726. [PMID: 35310642 PMCID: PMC8931533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus velutina Torr with high salt tolerance has been widely grown in saline lands in the Yellow River Delta, China. However, the salt-tolerant mechanisms of F. velutina remain largely elusive. Here, we identified two contrasting cutting clones of F. velutina, R7 (salt-tolerant), and S4 (salt-sensitive) by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (Fv/Fm ratio) in the excised leaves and physiological indexes in roots or leaves under salt treatment. To further explore the salt resistance mechanisms, we compared the transcriptomes of R7 and S4 from leaf and root tissues exposed to salt stress. The results showed that when the excised leaves of S4 and R7 were, respectively, exposed to 250 mM NaCl for 48 h, Fv/Fm ratio decreased significantly in S4 compared with R7, confirming that R7 is more tolerant to salt stress. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that salt stress induced the significant upregulation of stress-responsive genes in R7, making important contributions to the high salt tolerance. Specifically, in the R7 leaves, salt stress markedly upregulated key genes involved in plant hormone signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; in the R7 roots, salt stress induced the upregulation of main genes involved in proline biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism. In addition, 12 genes encoding antioxidant enzyme peroxidase were all significantly upregulated in both leaves and roots. Collectively, our findings revealed the crucial defense pathways underlying high salt tolerance of R7 through significant upregulation of some key genes involving metabolism and hub signaling pathways, thus providing novel insights into salt-tolerant F. velutina breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zejia Chai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenrui Hou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Qiang Yang,
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
- Dejun Wu,
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22
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Qin L, Li L. A Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BpSZA1 Positively Modulates Salt Stress in Betula platyphylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823547. [PMID: 35693173 PMCID: PMC9174930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are widely involved in plant growth and abiotic stress responses, however, few of these proteins have been functionally characterized in tree species. In this study, we cloned and characterized the BpSZA1 gene encoding a C2H2-type ZFP from Betula platyphylla. BpSZA1 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus, with a transcription activation domain located at the N-terminus. BpSZA1 was predominantly expressed in stems and was induced by salt. We generated transgenic birch lines displaying overexpression (OE) or RNAi silencing (Ri) of BpSZA1 and exposed these along with wild-type birch seedlings to salinity. Phenotypic and physiological parameters such as superoxide dismutase, peroxisome, H2O2 content, proline content, water loss rate, and malondialdehyde content were examined. Overexpression of BpSZA1 in birch conferred increased salt tolerance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and RNA-seq showed that BpSZA1 binds to the GAGA-motif in the promoter of downstream target genes including BpAPX1, BpAPX2, BpCAT, and Bp6PGDH to activate their transcription. BpSZA1 also participates in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, and the ABA/jasmonic acid pathway to enhance the salt stress of B. platyphylla.
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23
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Sadura I, Janeczko A. Brassinosteroids and the Tolerance of Cereals to Low and High Temperature Stress: Photosynthesis and the Physicochemical Properties of Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:342. [PMID: 35008768 PMCID: PMC8745458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals, which belong to the Poaceae family, are the most economically important group of plants. Among abiotic stresses, temperature stresses are a serious and at the same time unpredictable problem for plant production. Both frost (in the case of winter cereals) and high temperatures in summer (especially combined with a water deficit in the soil) can result in significant yield losses. Plants have developed various adaptive mechanisms that have enabled them to survive periods of extreme temperatures. The processes of acclimation to low and high temperatures are controlled, among others, by phytohormones. The current review is devoted to the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in cereal acclimation to temperature stress with special attention being paid to the impact of BR on photosynthesis and the membrane properties. In cereals, the exogenous application of BR increases frost tolerance (winter rye, winter wheat), tolerance to cold (maize) and tolerance to a high temperature (rice). Disturbances in BR biosynthesis and signaling are accompanied by a decrease in frost tolerance but unexpectedly an improvement of tolerance to high temperature (barley). BR exogenous treatment increases the efficiency of the photosynthetic light reactions under various temperature conditions (winter rye, barley, rice), but interestingly, BR mutants with disturbances in BR biosynthesis are also characterized by an increased efficiency of PSII (barley). BR regulate the sugar metabolism including an increase in the sugar content, which is of key importance for acclimation, especially to low temperatures (winter rye, barley, maize). BR either participate in the temperature-dependent regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis or control the processes that are responsible for the transport or incorporation of the fatty acids into the membranes, which influences membrane fluidity (and subsequently the tolerance to high/low temperatures) (barley). BR may be one of the players, along with gibberellins or ABA, in acquiring tolerance to temperature stress in cereals (particularly important for the acclimation of cereals to low temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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24
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Persulfidation of Nitrate Reductase 2 Is Involved in l-Cysteine Desulfhydrase-Regulated Rice Drought Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212119. [PMID: 34829996 PMCID: PMC8624084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation. Our previous study revealed that H2S is involved in the improvement of rice drought tolerance. However, the corresponding enzymatic sources of H2S and its regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress are not clear. Here, we cloned and characterized a putative l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) gene in rice, which encodes a protein possessing H2S-producing activity and was named OsLCD1. Overexpression of OsLCD1 results in enhanced H2S production, persulfidation of total soluble protein, and confers rice drought tolerance. Further, we found that nitrate reductase (NR) activity was decreased under drought stress, and the inhibition of NR activity was controlled by endogenous H2S production. Persulfidation of NIA2, an NR isoform responsible for the main NR activity, led to a decrease in total NR activity in rice. Furthermore, drought stress-triggered inhibition of NR activity and persulfidation of NIA2 was intensified in the OsLCD1 overexpression line. Phenotypical and molecular analysis revealed that mutation of NIA2 enhanced rice drought tolerance by activating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results showed the role of OsLCD1 in modulating H2S production and provided insight into H2S-regulated persulfidation of NIA2 in the control of rice drought stress.
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25
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Punia H, Tokas J, Malik A, Sangwan S, Rani A, Yashveer S, Alansi S, Hashim MJ, El-Sheikh MA. Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling, Characterization, and Functional Identification of NAC Transcription Factors in Sorghum under Salt Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101605. [PMID: 34679740 PMCID: PMC8533442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress has become a significant concern to global food security. Revealing the mechanisms that enable plants to survive under salinity has immense significance. Sorghum has increasingly attracted researchers interested in understanding the survival and adaptation strategies to high salinity. However, systematic analysis of the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and their relative expression has not been reported in sorghum under salt stress. The de novo transcriptomic analysis of sorghum under different salinity levels from 60 to 120 mM NaCl was generated using Illumina HiSeq. Approximately 323.49 million high-quality reads, with an average contig length of 1145 bp, were assembled de novo. On average, 62% of unigenes were functionally annotated to known proteins. These DEGs were mainly involved in several important metabolic processes, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, photosynthesis, and hormone signaling. SSG 59-3 alleviated the adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, APX, POX, GR, GSH, ASC, proline, and GB), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA and electrolyte leakage). Significant up-regulation of transcripts encoding the NAC, MYB, and WRYK families, NHX transporters, the aquaporin protein family, photosynthetic genes, antioxidants, and compatible osmolyte proteins were observed. The tolerant line (SSG 59-3) engaged highly efficient machinery in response to elevated salinity, especially during the transport and influx of K+ ions, signal transduction, and osmotic homeostasis. Our data provide insights into the evolution of the NAC TFs gene family and further support the hypothesis that these genes are essential for plant responses to salinity. The findings may provide a molecular foundation for further exploring the potential functions of NAC TFs in developing salt-resistant sorghum lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Sonali Sangwan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (S.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Anju Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Shikha Yashveer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (S.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Biology, IBB University, Ibb, Yemen;
| | - Maha J. Hashim
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School (E Floor), Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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26
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of Drought on the Biosynthesis of Methyleugenol in Asarum sieboldii Miq. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081233. [PMID: 34439899 PMCID: PMC8393660 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asarum sieboldii Miq., a perennial herb in the family Aristolochiaceae, is widely used to treat colds, fever, headache and toothache in China. However, little is known about the drought-tolerance characteristics of A. sieboldii. In this study, to elucidate the molecular–genetic mechanisms of drought-stress tolerance of A. sieboldii, RNA-seq was conducted. In total, 53,344 unigenes were assembled, and 28,715 unigenes were annotated. A total of 6444 differential-expression unigenes (DEGs) were found, which were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid, starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. Drought stress revealed significant up-regulation of the unigenes encoding PAL, C4H, HCT, C3H, CCR and IGS in the methyleugenol-biosynthesis pathway. Under the condition of maintaining drought for 15 days and 30 days, drought stress reduced the biosynthesis of volatile oil by 24% and 38%, respectively, while the production of key medicinal ingredients (such as methyl eugenol) was increased. These results provide valuable information about the diverse mechanisms of drought resistance in the A. sieboldii, and the changes in the expression of the genes involved in methyleugenol biosynthesis in response to drought stress.
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27
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Sorghum's Whole-Plant Transcriptome and Proteome Responses to Drought Stress: A Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070704. [PMID: 34357076 PMCID: PMC8305457 DOI: 10.3390/life11070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a cereal crop with key agronomic traits of drought and heat stress tolerance, making it an ideal food and industrial commodity for hotter and more arid climates. These stress tolerances also present a useful scientific resource for studying the molecular basis for environmental resilience. Here we provide an extensive review of current transcriptome and proteome works conducted with laboratory, greenhouse, or field-grown sorghum plants exposed to drought, osmotic stress, or treated with the drought stress-regulatory phytohormone, abscisic acid. Large datasets from these studies reveal changes in gene/protein expression across diverse signaling and metabolic pathways. Together, the emerging patterns from these datasets reveal that the overall functional classes of stress-responsive genes/proteins within sorghum are similar to those observed in equivalent studies of other drought-sensitive model species. This highlights a monumental challenge of distinguishing key regulatory genes/proteins, with a primary role in sorghum adaptation to drought, from genes/proteins that change in expression because of stress. Finally, we discuss possible options for taking the research forward. Successful exploitation of sorghum research for implementation in other crops may be critical in establishing climate-resilient agriculture for future food security.
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28
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Hassan MA, Xiang C, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Yan Z, Hui X, Yuanyuan K, Bruno AK, Lele Z, Jincai L. Cold Stress in Wheat: Plant Acclimation Responses and Management Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676884. [PMID: 34305976 PMCID: PMC8299469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven temperature extremes influence the vegetative and reproductive growth of wheat, followed by a decrease in yield. This review describes how low temperature induces a series of modifications in the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular makeup of wheat and how it is perceived. To cope with these modifications, crop plants turn on their cold-tolerance mechanisms, characterized by accumulating soluble carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and cold tolerance gene expressions. The review also discusses the integrated management approaches to enhance the performance of wheat plants against cold stress. In this review, we propose strategies for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat besides alleviating risks of cold anticipated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Hui
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Yuanyuan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhang Lele
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Jincai
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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29
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34204152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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30
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6119. [PMID: 34204152 PMCID: PMC8201344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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31
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Martínez C, Valenzuela JL, Jamilena M. Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060894. [PMID: 34199481 PMCID: PMC8228042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.
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Ghassemi S, Delangiz N, Asgari Lajayer B, Saghafi D, Maggi F. Review and future prospects on the mechanisms related to cold stress resistance and tolerance in medicinal plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li Z, Liang F, Zhang T, Fu N, Pei X, Long Y. Enhanced tolerance to drought stress resulting from Caragana korshinskii CkWRKY33 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33691617 PMCID: PMC7945665 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, defense regulation and stress responses. Results In this study, a WRKY transcription factor, WRKY33, was cloned from Caragana korshinskii. A sequence structure analysis showed that it belonged to the Group-I type. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco epidermal cells showed the presence of CkWRKY33 in the nucleus. Additionally, CkWRKY33 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. A phenotypic investigation revealed that compared with wild-type plants, CkWRKY33-overexpressing transgenic plants had higher survival rates, as well as relative soluble sugar, proline and peroxidase contents, but lower malondialdehyde contents, following a drought stress treatment. Conclusions This suggested that the overexpression of CkWRKY33 led to an enhanced drought-stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. Thus, CkWRKY33 may act as a positive regulator involved in the drought-stress responses in Caragana korshinskii. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-00965-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengping Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Na Fu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinwu Pei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yan Long
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Liu Y, Wen L, Shi Y, Su D, Lu W, Cheng Y, Li Z. Stress-responsive tomato gene SlGRAS4 function in drought stress and abscisic acid signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110804. [PMID: 33568303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions such as drought stress greatly limit the growth and production of crops worldwide. In this study, SlGRAS4, a drought stress-responsive GRAS gene from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was functionally characterized. Repressing SlGRAS4 (SlGRAS4-RNAi) increased sensitivity to drought stress, whereas overexpressing SlGRAS4 (SlGRAS4-OE) in tomato enhanced tolerance of this stress. Under stress condition SlGRAS4-OE plants accumulated much less ROS than wild-type and SlGRAS4-RNAi plants. Numerous dehydration induced ROS-scavenging genes were upregulated in SlGRAS4-OE plants after drought stress, implying that SlGRAS4 confers drought tolerance by modulating ROS homeostasis. On the other hand, there are several abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements in SlGRAS4 promoter, the relative expression of ABA signaling genes including SlPYLs, SlPP2Cs and SlSnRK2s were verified in WT and transgenic plants both under normal and drought stress, the changed drought sensitivity of transgenic plants was mainly caused by SlSnRK2s, the positive regulators of ABA signaling. Our results suggested that SlGRAS4 directly binds to and activates SlSnRK2.4 promoter, belongs to subclass III SnRK2s, which play crucial role in ABA signaling. Protein studies revealed that SlSnRK2.4 interacts with SlAREB1 and SlAREB2, the major downstream transcription factors of ABA-dependent signaling pathway. SlGRAS4 therefore confers drought tolerance may be through SnRK2-AREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
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Okumura T, Nomoto Y, Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Takatsuka H, Ito M. MYB3R-mediated active repression of cell cycle and growth under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:261-277. [PMID: 33580347 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under environmental stress, plants are believed to actively repress their growth to save resource and alter its allocation to acquire tolerance against the stress. Although a lot of studies have uncovered precise mechanisms for responding to stress and acquiring tolerance, the mechanisms for regulating growth repression under stress are not as well understood. It is especially unclear which particular genes related to cell cycle control are involved in active growth repression. Here, we showed that decreased growth in plants exposed to moderate salt stress is mediated by MYB3R transcription factors that have been known to positively and negatively regulate the transcription of G2/M-specific genes. Our genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed occurrences of general downregulation of G2/M-specific genes in Arabidopsis under salt stress. Importantly, this downregulation is significantly and universally mitigated by the loss of MYB3R repressors by mutations. Accordingly, the growth performance of Arabidopsis plants under salt stress is significantly recovered in mutants lacking MYB3R repressors. This growth recovery involves improved cell proliferation that is possibly due to prolonging and accelerating cell proliferation, which were partly suggested by enlarged root meristem and increased number of cells positive for CYCB1;1-GUS. Our ploidy analysis further suggested that cell cycle progression at the G2 phase was delayed under salt stress, and this delay was recovered by loss of MYB3R repressors. Under salt stress, the changes in expression of MYB3R activators and repressors at both the mRNA and protein levels were not significant. This observation suggests novel mechanisms underlying MYB3R-mediated growth repression under salt stress that are different from the mechanisms operating under other stress conditions such as DNA damage and high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okumura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chikusa, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chikusa, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Wang Y, Sang Z, Xu S, Xu Q, Zeng X, Jabu D, Yuan H. Comparative proteomics analysis of Tibetan hull-less barley under osmotic stress via data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Gigascience 2021; 9:5775614. [PMID: 32126136 PMCID: PMC7053489 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is one of the primary crops cultivated in the mountains of Tibet and encounters low temperature, high salinity, and drought. Specifically, drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect and limit Tibetan barley growth. Osmotic stress is often simultaneously accompanied by drought conditions. Thus, to improve crop yield, it is critical to explore the molecular mechanism governing the responses of hull-less barley to osmotic/drought stress conditions. Findings In this study, we used quantitative proteomics by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to investigate protein abundance changes in tolerant (XL) and sensitive (DQ) cultivars. A total of 6,921 proteins were identified and quantified in all samples. Two distinct strategies based on pairwise and time-course comparisons were utilized in the comprehensive analysis of differentially abundant proteins. Further functional analysis of differentially abundant proteins revealed that some hormone metabolism–associated and phytohormone abscisic acid–induced genes are primarily affected by osmotic stress. Enhanced regulation of reactive oxygen species (may promote the tolerance of hull-less barley under osmotic stress. Moreover, we found that some regulators, such as GRF, PR10, MAPK, and AMPK, were centrally positioned in the gene regulatory network, suggesting that they may have a dominant role in the osmotic stress response of Tibetan barley. Conclusions Our findings highlight a subset of proteins and processes that are involved in the alleviation of osmotic stress. In addition, this study provides a large-scale and multidimensional proteomic data resource for the further investigation and improvement of osmotic/drought stress tolerance in hull-less barley or other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Zha Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Shaohang Xu
- Deepxomics Co., Ltd, No.2082 Shenyan Road, Yantian District., Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Xingquan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Dunzhu Jabu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.130 Jinzhu West Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850002, Tibet, China
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Meng X, Cai J, Deng L, Li G, Sun J, Han Y, Dong T, Liu Y, Xu T, Liu S, Li Z, Zhu M. SlSTE1 promotes abscisic acid-dependent salt stress-responsive pathways via improving ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1942-1966. [PMID: 32618097 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is one of the major limiting factors that reduces crop productivity and quality. Herein, we report that small SALT TOLERANCE ENHANCER1 (STE1) protein without any known conserved domains is required for tomato salt tolerance. Overexpression (OE) of SlSTE1 enhanced the tolerance to multiple chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, and LiCl) and oxidative stress, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, increased abscisic acid (ABA) and chlorophyll contents, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulations compared to that of wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, decreased K+ efflux and increased H+ efflux were detected in the OE plants, which induced a higher K+ /Na+ ratio. In contrast, SlSTE1-RNAi plants displayed decreased tolerance to salt stress. RNA-seq data revealed 1 330 differentially expressed genes in the OE plants versus WT plants under salt stress, and the transcription of numerous and diverse genes encoding transcription factors, stress-related proteins, secondary metabolisms, kinases, and hormone synthesis/signaling-related proteins (notably ABA and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) was greatly elevated. Furthermore, SlSTE1-OE plants showed increased sensitivity to ABA, and the results suggest that SlSTE1 promotes ABA-dependent salt stress-responsive pathways by interacting with SlPYLs and SlSnRK2s. Collectively, our findings reveal that the small SlSTE1 protein confers salt tolerance via ABA signaling and ROS scavenging and improves ion homeostasis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Meng
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ge Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yonghua Han
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingku Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Zhang Y, Cheng P, Wang Y, Li Y, Su J, Chen Z, Yu X, Shen W. Genetic elucidation of hydrogen signaling in plant osmotic tolerance and stomatal closure via hydrogen sulfide. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:1-14. [PMID: 32987125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although ample evidence showed that exogenous hydrogen gas (H2) controls a diverse range of physiological functions in both animals and plants, the selective antioxidant mechanism, in some cases, is questioned. Importantly, most of the experiments on the function of H2 in plants were based on pharmacological approaches due to the synthesis pathway(s) in plants are still unclear. Here, we observed that the seedling growth inhibition of Arabidopsis caused by low doses of mannitol could progressively recover by recuperation, accompanied with the increased hydrogenase activity and H2 synthesis. To investigate the functions of endogenous H2, a hydrogenase gene (CrHYD1) for H2 biosynthesis from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was expressed in Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants could intensify higher H2 synthesis compared with wild type and Arabidopsis transformed with the empty vector, and exhibited enhanced osmotic tolerance in both germination and post-germination stages. In response to mannitol, transgenic plants enhanced L-Cys desulfhydrase (DES)-dependent hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis in guard cells and thereafter stomatal closure. The application of des mutant further highlights H2S acting as a downstream molecule of endogenous H2 control of stomatal closure. These results thus open a new window for increasing plant tolerance to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueqiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiuchang Su
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuli Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Patel MK, Kumar M, Li W, Luo Y, Burritt DJ, Alkan N, Tran LSP. Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches. Cells 2020; 9:E2492. [PMID: 33212751 PMCID: PMC7697626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants grow on soils that not only provide support for root anchorage but also act as a reservoir of water and nutrients important for plant growth and development. However, environmental factors, such as high salinity, hinder the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil and reduce the quality and productivity of plants. Under high salinity, plants attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis through the production of numerous stress-associated endogenous metabolites that can help mitigate the stress. Both primary and secondary metabolites can significantly contribute to survival and the maintenance of growth and development of plants on saline soils. Existing studies have suggested that seed/plant-priming with exogenous metabolites is a promising approach to increase crop tolerance to salt stress without manipulation of the genome. Recent advancements have also been made in genetic engineering of various metabolic genes involved in regulation of plant responses and protection of the cells during salinity, which have therefore resulted in many more basic and applied studies in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of metabolic reprogramming, exogenous treatments with metabolites and genetic engineering of metabolic genes for the improvement of plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China;
- Joint International Laboratory for Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - David J. Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Comparative transcriptomic analysis of contrasting hybrid cultivars reveal key drought-responsive genes and metabolic pathways regulating drought stress tolerance in maize at various stages. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240468. [PMID: 33057352 PMCID: PMC7561095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is the primary environmental factor that negatively influences plant growth and yield in cereal grain crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Crop breeding efforts for enhanced drought resistance require improved knowledge of plant drought stress responses. In this study, we applied a 12-day water-deficit stress treatment to maize plants of two contrasting (drought tolerant ND476 and drought sensitive ZX978) hybrid cultivars at four (V12, VT, R1, and R4) crop growth stages and we report key cultivar-specific and growth-stage-specific molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress responses in maize. Based on the transcriptome analysis, a total of 3451 and 4088 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ND476 and ZX978 from the four experimental comparisons, respectively. These gene expression changes effected corresponding metabolic pathway responses related to drought tolerance in maize. In ND476, the DEGs associated with the ribosome, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways were predominant at the V12, VT, R2, and R4 stages, respectively, whereas those in ZX978 were related to ribosome, pentose and glucuronate interconversions (PGI), MAPK signaling and sulfur metabolism pathways, respectively. MapMan analysis revealed that DEGs related to secondary metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were universal across the four growth stages in ND476. Meanwhile, the DEGs involved in cell wall, photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism were universal across the four growth stages in ZX978. However, K-means analysis clustered those DEGs into clear and distinct expression profiles in ND476 and ZX978 at each stage. Several functional and regulatory genes were identified in the special clusters related to drought defense response. Our results affirmed that maize drought stress adaptation is a cultivar-specific response as well as a stage-specific response process. Additionally, our findings enrich the maize genetic resources and enhance our further understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress tolerance in maize. Further, the DEGs screened in this study may provide a foundational basis for our future targeted cloning studies.
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Punia H, Tokas J, Bhadu S, Mohanty AK, Rawat P, Malik A, Satpal. Proteome dynamics and transcriptome profiling in sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under salt stress. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:412. [PMID: 32904477 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a C4 cereal grain crop which is well adapted to harsh environment. It is a potential model for gaining better understanding of the molecular mechanism due to its wider adaptability to abiotic stresses. In this study, protein extraction was standardized using different methods to study the electrophoretic pattern of sorghum leaves under different salinity levels. The extraction of soluble protein with lysis buffer, followed by its clean-up was found to be the most effective method. The different profiles of salt-responsive proteins were analyzed in G-46 and CSV 44F sorghum genotypes based on their tolerance behavior towards salinity. The kafirin level also changed depending upon the concentration and exposure time to salts suggesting the stored proteins as energy source under stress conditions. The relative expression of salt-responsive genes was studied using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) which might be used as a molecular screening tool for identification of salt-tolerant genotypes in affected areas. The validated responses were examined in terms of metabolic changes and the expression of stress-induced proteins-viz. heat shock proteins (hsp) via immunoblotting assay. The results showed that the two sorghum genotypes adopted distinct approaches in response to salinity, with G-46 performing better in terms of leaf function. Also, we have standardized different protein extraction methods followed by their clean-up for electrophoretic profiling.
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Goche T, Shargie NG, Cummins I, Brown AP, Chivasa S, Ngara R. Comparative physiological and root proteome analyses of two sorghum varieties responding to water limitation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11835. [PMID: 32678202 PMCID: PMC7366710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to drought stress many plants reprogram their gene expression to activate adaptive biochemical and physiological responses for survival. However, most of the well-studied adaptive responses are common between drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant species, making it difficult to identify the key mechanisms underpinning successful drought tolerance in crops. We developed a sorghum experimental system that compares between drought-sensitive (ICSB338) and enhanced drought-tolerant (SA1441) varieties. We show that sorghum activates a swift and robust stomatal shutdown to preserve leaf water content when water stress has been sensed. Water uptake is enhanced via increasing root cell water potential through the rapid biosynthesis of predominantly glycine betaine and an increased root-to-shoot ratio to explore more soil volume for water. In addition to stomatal responses, there is a prompt accumulation of proline in leaves and effective protection of chlorophyll during periods of water limitation. Root and stomatal functions rapidly recover from water limitation (within 24 h of re-watering) in the drought-tolerant variety, but recovery is impaired in the drought-sensitive sorghum variety. Analysis of the root proteome revealed complex protein networks that possibly underpin sorghum responses to water limitation. Common and unique protein changes between the two sorghum varieties provide new targets for future use in investigating sorghum drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Goche
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, P. Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Nemera G Shargie
- Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, P. Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ian Cummins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Adrian P Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stephen Chivasa
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Rudo Ngara
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, P. Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa.
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Zhang YB, Yang SL, Dao JM, Deng J, Shahzad AN, Fan X, Li RD, Quan YJ, Bukhari SAH, Zeng ZH. Drought-induced alterations in photosynthetic, ultrastructural and biochemical traits of contrasting sugarcane genotypes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235845. [PMID: 32639979 PMCID: PMC7343164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is an important factor which limits growth of sugarcane. To elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance, a pot experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, Kaiyuan, China. Two genotypes (Yuetang 93-159-sensitive and Yunzhe 05-51-tolerant), were subjected to three treatments; 70±5% (control), 50±5% (moderate drought) and 30±5% (severe drought) of soil field capacity. The results demonstrated that drought induced considerable decline in morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters of both genotypes, with more pronounced detrimental effects on Yuetang 93-159 than on Yunzhe 05-51. Yunzhe 05-51 exhibited more tolerance by showing higher dry biomass, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Compared with Yuetang 93-159, Yunzhe 05-51 exhibited higher soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents under stress. Yunzhe 05-51 illustrated comparatively well-composed chloroplast structure under drought stress. It is concluded that the tolerance of Yunzhe 05-51 was attributed to improved antioxidant activities, osmolyte accumulation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings may provide valuable information for future studies on molecular mechanism of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao-Lin Yang
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-Mei Dao
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Xian Fan
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Ru-Dan Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Ji Quan
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zhao-Hai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Heterologous Expression of Dehydration-Inducible MfWRKY17 of Myrothamnus Flabellifolia Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134603. [PMID: 32610467 PMCID: PMC7370056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the only woody resurrection plant, Myrothamnus flabellifolia has a strong tolerance to drought and can survive long-term in a desiccated environment. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the stress tolerance of M. flabellifolia are largely unknown, and few tolerance-related genes previously identified had been functionally characterized. WRKYs are a group of unique and complex plant transcription factors, and have reported functions in diverse biological processes, especially in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerances, in various species. However, little is known about their roles in response to abiotic stresses in M. flabellifolia. In this study, we characterized a dehydration-inducible WRKY transcription factor gene, MfWRKY17, from M. flabellifolia. MfWRKY17 shows high degree of homology with genes from Vitis vinifera and Vitis pseudoreticulata, belonging to group II of the WRKY family. Unlike known WRKY17s in other organisms acting as negative regulators in biotic or abiotic stress responses, overexpression of MfWRKY17 in Arabidopsis significantly increased drought and salt tolerance. Further investigations indicated that MfWRKY17 participated in increasing water retention, maintaining chlorophyll content, and regulating ABA biosynthesis and stress-related gene expression. These results suggest that MfWRKY17 possibly acts as a positive regulator of stress tolerance in the resurrection plant M. flabellifolia.
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Dugasa MT, Chala IG, Wu F. Genotypic difference in secondary metabolism-related enzyme activities and their relative gene expression patterns, osmolyte and plant hormones in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:921-933. [PMID: 31724179 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are the two most important and frequently co-occurring abiotic factors. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out on two contrasting wheat genotypes (Jimai22, salt tolerant; Yangmai20, salt sensitive) to analyze the effect of drought (4% soil moisture content, D) and salinity (100 mM NaCl, S) either individually or combined on secondary metabolism-related enzyme activities and osmolytes. Results showed that drought, salinity and their combination (D + S) caused increases in phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) activities compared with controls with a greater enhancement in Jimai22 than Yangmai20. Polyphenol peroxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25) activities increased more in Jimai22 both under salinity alone and D + S stresses. The D + S combination increased cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195) activity and glycine betaine (GB) under both 10 and 4% soil moisture contents (SMC), and elevated abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and flavonoid contents at 4% SMC in Jimai22, contents of the compounds remained unchanged in Yangmai20. The treatment with salinity alone at both SMCs significantly increased callose and flavonoid contents in Jimai22 more than in Yangmai20, as compared to controls. In addition, the total phenol content at 4% SMC increased in the salt-tolerant genotype more. Moreover, total tocopherol under salinity alone and D + S at 4% SMC and chitinase activity under salinity at both SMC remarkably increased in Jimai22 while non-significant change observed in Yangmai20. Also, the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism (PAL, PPO, CAD, SKDH, and GB) was more induced in Jimai22 than Yangmai20 under D + S, and lower accumulation of H2 O2 and O2 - also occurred. Our findings suggest that high tolerance to D + S stress in Jimai22 was closely related to enhanced secondary metabolism-related enzyme activities and osmolytes such as PAL, CAD, PPO, SKDH, GB, total tocopherol, callose, plant hormones and their transcript level, which may beneficial to lower the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengesha T Dugasa
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Idesa G Chala
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Shen Q, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen J, Ma H, Cui Z, Zhang X, Ge C, Liu R, Li Y, Zhao X, Yang G, Song M, Pang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Seed Germination in Cotton in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062067. [PMID: 32197292 PMCID: PMC7139662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum L., is a widely cultivated cotton species around the world, but its production is seriously threatened by its susceptibility to chilling stress. Low temperature affects its germination, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are rarely known, particularly from a transcriptional perspective. In this study, transcriptomic profiles were analyzed and compared between two cotton varieties, the cold-tolerant variety KN27-3 and susceptible variety XLZ38. A total of 7535 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among them, the transcripts involved in energy metabolism were significantly enriched during germination based on analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and glyoxylate cycle (GAC). Results from further GO enrichment analysis show the earlier appearance of DNA integration, meristem growth, cotyledon morphogenesis, and other biological processes in KN27-3 compared with XLZ38 under chilling conditions. The synthesis of asparagine, GDP-mannose, and trehalose and the catabolic process of raffinose were activated. DEGs encoding antioxidants (spermidine) and antioxidase (CAT1, GPX4, DHAR2, and APX1) were much more up-regulated in embryos of KN27-3. The content of auxin (IAA), cis-zeatin riboside (cZR), and trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) in KN27-3 are higher than that in XLZ38 at five stages (from 12 h to 54 h). GA3 was expressed at a higher level in KN27-3 from 18 h to 54 h post imbibition compared to that in XLZ38. And abscisic acid (ABA) content of KN27-3 is lower than that in XLZ38 at five stages. Results from hormone content measurements and the related gene expression analysis indicated that IAA, CTK, and GA3 may promote germination of the cold-tolerant variety, while ABA inhibits it. These results expand the understanding of cottonseed germination and physiological regulations under chilling conditions by multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Siping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huijuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ziqian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Changwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
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Azeem F, Tahir H, Ijaz U, Shaheen T. A genome-wide comparative analysis of bZIP transcription factors in G. arboreum and G. raimondii (Diploid ancestors of present-day cotton). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:433-444. [PMID: 32205921 PMCID: PMC7078431 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant growth regulation, development, and environmental stress responses. These genes have been well characterized in model plants. In current study, a genome-wide analysis of bZIP genes was performed in Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum taking Arabidopsis thaliana as a reference genome. In total, 85 members of G. raimondii and 87 members of G. arboreum were identified and designated as GrbZIPs and GabZIPs respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered bZIP genes into 11 subgroups (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, S and X). Gene structure analysis to find the intro-exon structures revealed 1-14 exons in both species. The maximum number of introns were present in subgroup G and D while genes in subgroup S were intron-less except GrbZIP78, which is a unique characteristic as compared to other groups. Results of motif analysis predicted that all three species share a common bZIP motif. A detailed comparison of bZIPs gene distribution on chromosomes has shown a diverse arrangement of genes in both cotton species. Moreover, the functional similarity with orthologs was also predicted. The findings of this study revealed close similarity in gene structure of both cotton species and diversity in gene distribution on chromosomes. This study supports the divergence of both species from the common ancestor and later diversity in gene distribution on chromosomes due to evolutionary changes. Additionally, this work will facilitate the functional characterization of bZIP genes in cotton. Outcomes of this study represent foundation research on the bZIP TFs family in cotton and as a reference for other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Tahir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Shaheen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Zhong J, Zhang T, Li D, Ba T, Xu T, Chang L, Zhang Q, Sun M. Root Physiological Traits and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal that Root Zone Water Retention Confers Drought Tolerance to Opisthopappus taihangensis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2627. [PMID: 32060321 PMCID: PMC7021704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, as a relative of chrysanthemum, mainly survives on the cracks of steep slopes and cliffs. Due to the harsh environment in which O. taihangensis lives, it has evolved strong adaptive traits to drought stress. The root system first perceives soil water deficiency, triggering a multi-pronged response mechanism to maintain water potential; however, the drought tolerance mechanism of O. taihangensis roots remains unclear. Therefore, roots were selected as materials to explore the physiological and molecular responsive mechanisms. We found that the roots had a stronger water retention capacity than the leaves. This result was attributed to ABA accumulation, which promoted an increased accumulation of proline and trehalose to maintain cell osmotic pressure, activated SOD and POD to scavenge ROS to protect root cell membrane structure and induced suberin depositions to minimize water backflow to dry soil. Transcriptome sequencing analyses further confirmed that O. taihangensis strongly activated genes involved in the ABA signalling pathway, osmolyte metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity and biosynthesis of suberin monomer. Overall, these results not only will provide new insights into the drought response mechanisms of O. taihangensis but also will be helpful for future drought breeding programmes of chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengxun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ba
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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49
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Lethin J, Shakil SSM, Hassan S, Sirijovski N, Töpel M, Olsson O, Aronsson H. Development and characterization of an EMS-mutagenized wheat population and identification of salt-tolerant wheat lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 31931695 PMCID: PMC6958588 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triticum aestivum (wheat) is one of the world's oldest crops and has been used for >8000 years as a food crop in North Africa, West Asia and Europe. Today, wheat is one of the most important sources of grain for humans, and is cultivated on greater areas of land than any other crop. As the human population increases and soil salinity becomes more prevalent, there is increased pressure on wheat breeders to develop salt-tolerant varieties in order to meet growing demands for yield and grain quality. Here we developed a mutant wheat population using the moderately salt-tolerant Bangladeshi variety BARI Gom-25, with the primary goal of further increasing salt tolerance. RESULTS After titrating the optimal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentration, ca 30,000 seeds were treated with 1% EMS, and 1676 lines, all originating from single seeds, survived through the first four generations. Most mutagenized lines showed a similar phenotype to BARI Gom-25, although visual differences such as dwarfing, giant plants, early and late flowering and altered leaf morphology were seen in some lines. By developing an assay for salt tolerance, and by screening the mutagenized population, we identified 70 lines exhibiting increased salt tolerance. The selected lines typically showed a 70% germination rate on filter paper soaked in 200 mM NaCl, compared to 0-30% for BARI Gom-25. From two of the salt-tolerant OlsAro lines (OA42 and OA70), genomic DNA was sequenced to 15x times coverage. A comparative analysis against the BARI Gom-25 genomic sequence identified a total of 683,201 (OA42), and 768,954 (OA70) SNPs distributed throughout the three sub-genomes (A, B and D). The mutation frequency was determined to be approximately one per 20,000 bp. All the 70 selected salt-tolerant lines were tested for root growth in the laboratory, and under saline field conditions in Bangladesh. The results showed that all the lines selected for tolerance showed a better salt tolerance phenotype than both BARI Gom-25 and other local wheat varieties tested. CONCLUSION The mutant wheat population developed here will be a valuable resource in the development of novel salt-tolerant varieties for the benefit of saline farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lethin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahriar S. M. Shakil
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Olsson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anupama A, Bhugra S, Lall B, Chaudhury S, Chugh A. Morphological, transcriptomic and proteomic responses of contrasting rice genotypes towards drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 166:103795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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