1
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Tang J, Huang X. Transcriptome analysis of human dental pulp cells cultured on a novel cell-adhesive fragment by RNA sequencing. Gene 2024; 927:148709. [PMID: 38901533 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present work was to find an efficient method for safe and reliable expansion of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. Here, we examined the effect of a novel recombinant E8 fragment of Laminin-511 (iMatrix-511) in hDPCs regarding viability and cell spreading. Further, we investigated the underlying mechanisms governing its effects in hDPCs using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODOLOGY hDPCs were obtained from caries-free maxilla third molars (n = 3). CCK-8 assay was conducted to measure the viability of cells cultured on iMatrix-511 and two other ECM proteins. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscope. RNA-seq of hDPCs cultured on iMatrix-511 or noncoated control was performed on Illumina NovaseqTM 6000 platform. RESULTS iMatrix-511 (0.5 μg/cm2) enhanced the viability of hDPCs to an extent better than COL-1 and gelatin. Short term culture of hDPCs on iMatrix-511 resulted in 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The top 12 most upregulated genes were XIAP, AL354740, MRFAP1, AC012321, KCND3, TMEM120B, AC009812, GET1-SH3BGR, CNTN3, AC090409, GEN1 and PIK3IP1, whereas the top 12 most downregulated genes were SFN, KRT17, RAB4B-EGLN2, CSTA, KCTD11, ATP6V1G2-DDX39B, AC010323, SBSN, LYPD3, FOSB, AC022400 and CHI3L1. qPCR validation confirmed the significant upregulation of GEN1, KCND3, PIK3IP1 and MRFAP1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed, with genes enriched in various extracellular matrix interaction, estrogen and fat metabolism-related functions and pathways. CONCLUSIONS iMatrix-511 facilitated spreading and proliferation of hDPCs. It enhances expression of anti-apoptotic genes, while inhibits expression of epidermis development-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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2
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Heyn JCJ, Rädler JO, Falcke M. Mesenchymal cell migration on one-dimensional micropatterns. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1352279. [PMID: 38694822 PMCID: PMC11062138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1352279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative studies of mesenchymal cell motion are important to elucidate cytoskeleton function and mechanisms of cell migration. To this end, confinement of cell motion to one dimension (1D) significantly simplifies the problem of cell shape in experimental and theoretical investigations. Here we review 1D migration assays employing micro-fabricated lanes and reflect on the advantages of such platforms. Data are analyzed using biophysical models of cell migration that reproduce the rich scenario of morphodynamic behavior found in 1D. We describe basic model assumptions and model behavior. It appears that mechanical models explain the occurrence of universal relations conserved across different cell lines such as the adhesion-velocity relation and the universal correlation between speed and persistence (UCSP). We highlight the unique opportunity of reproducible and standardized 1D assays to validate theory based on statistical measures from large data of trajectories and discuss the potential of experimental settings embedding controlled perturbations to probe response in migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. J. Heyn
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O. Rädler
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Falcke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ivanova JR, Benk AS, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Hermann LO, Plückthun A, Missirlis D, Spatz JP. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Actin Labels of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures in Living Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8919-8933. [PMID: 38489155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The orchestrated assembly of actin and actin-binding proteins into cytoskeletal structures coordinates cell morphology changes during migration, cytokinesis, and adaptation to external stimuli. The accurate and unbiased visualization of the diverse actin assemblies within cells is an ongoing challenge. We describe here the identification and use of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as synthetic actin binders. Actin-binding DARPins were identified through ribosome display and validated biochemically. When introduced or expressed inside living cells, fluorescently labeled DARPins accumulated at actin filaments, validated through phalloidin colocalization on fixed cells. Nevertheless, different DARPins displayed different actin labeling patterns: some DARPins labeled efficiently dynamic structures, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and blebs, while others accumulated primarily in stress fibers. This differential intracellular distribution correlated with DARPin-actin binding kinetics, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. Moreover, the rapid arrest of actin dynamics induced by pharmacological treatment led to the fast relocalization of DARPins. Our data support the hypothesis that the localization of actin probes depends on the inherent dynamic movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Compared to the widely used LifeAct probe, one DARPin exhibited enhanced signal-to-background ratio while retaining a similar ability to label stress fibers. In summary, we propose DARPins as promising actin-binding proteins for labeling or manipulation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Ivanova
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amelie S Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- CSL Behring AG, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leon O Hermann
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Mahjoubnia A, Cai D, Wu Y, King SD, Torkian P, Chen AC, Talaie R, Chen SY, Lin J. Digital light 4D printing of bioresorbable shape memory elastomers for personalized biomedical implantation. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:165-177. [PMID: 38354873 PMCID: PMC10948293 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing unlocks new potentials for personalized biomedical implantation, but still with hurdles of lacking suitable materials. Herein, we demonstrate a bioresorbable shape memory elastomer (SME) with high elasticity at both below and above its phase transition temperature (Ttrans). This SME can be digital light 3D printed by co-polymerizing glycerol dodecanoate acrylate prepolymer (pre-PGDA) with acrylic acid monomer to form crosslinked Poly(glycerol dodecanoate acrylate) (PGDA)-Polyacrylic acid (PAA), or PGDA-PAA network. The printed complex, free-standing 3D structures with high-resolution features exhibit shape programming properties at a physiological temperature. By tuning the pre-PGDA weight ratios between 55 wt% and 70 wt%, Ttrans varies between 39.2 and 47.2 ℃ while Young's moduli (E) range 40-170 MPa below Ttrans with fractural strain (εf) of 170 %-200 %. Above Ttrans, E drops to 1-1.82 MPa which is close to those of soft tissue. Strikingly, εf of 130-180 % is still maintained. In vitro biocompatibility test on the material shows > 90 % cell proliferation and great cell attachment. In vivo vascular grafting trials underline the geometrical and mechanical adaptability of these 4D printed constructs in regenerating the aorta tissue. Biodegradation of the implants shows the possibility of their full replacement by natural tissue over time. To highlight its potential for personalized medicine, a patient-specific left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder was printed and implanted endovascularly into an in vitro heart model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 4D printed shape-memory elastomer (SME) implants particularly designed and manufactured for a patient are greatly sought-after in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Traditional shape-memory polymers used in these implants often suffer from issues like unsuitable transition temperatures, poor biocompatibility, limited 3D design complexity, and low toughness, making them unsuitable for MIS. Our new SME, with an adjustable transition temperature and enhanced toughness, is both biocompatible and naturally degradable, particularly in cardiovascular contexts. This allows implants, like biomedical scaffolds, to be programmed at room temperature and then adapt to the body's physiological conditions post-implantation. Our studies, including in vivo vascular grafts and in vitro device implantation, highlight the SME's effectiveness in aortic tissue regeneration and its promising applications in MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mahjoubnia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Skylar D King
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Pooya Torkian
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Andy C Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA; North Oconee High School, Bogart, GA 30622, USA
| | - Reza Talaie
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.
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5
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Arce FT, Younger S, Gaber AA, Mascarenhas JB, Rodriguez M, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. Lamellipodia dynamics and microrheology in endothelial cell paracellular gap closure. Biophys J 2023; 122:4730-4747. [PMID: 37978804 PMCID: PMC10754712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semipermeable barrier separating vascular contents from the interstitium, thereby regulating the movement of water and molecular solutes across small intercellular gaps, which are continuously forming and closing. Under inflammatory conditions, however, larger EC gaps form resulting in increased vascular leakiness to circulating fluid, proteins, and cells, which results in organ edema and dysfunction responsible for key pathophysiologic findings in numerous inflammatory disorders. In this study, we extend our earlier work examining the biophysical properties of EC gap formation and now address the role of lamellipodia, thin sheet-like membrane projections from the leading edge, in modulating EC spatial-specific contractile properties and gap closure. Micropillars, fabricated by soft lithography, were utilized to form reproducible paracellular gaps in human lung ECs. Using time-lapse imaging via optical microscopy, rates of EC gap closure and motility were measured with and without EC stimulation with the barrier-enhancing sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Peripheral ruffle formation was ubiquitous during gap closure. Kymographs were generated to quantitatively compare the lamellipodia dynamics of sphingosine-1-phosphate-stimulated and -unstimulated ECs. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, we characterized the viscoelastic behavior of EC lamellipodia. Our results indicate decreased stiffness and increased liquid-like behavior of expanding lamellipodia compared with regions away from the cellular edge (lamella and cell body) during EC gap closure, results in sync with the rapid kinetics of protrusion/retraction motion. We hypothesize this dissipative EC behavior during gap closure is linked to actomyosin cytoskeletal rearrangement and decreased cross-linking during lamellipodia expansion. In summary, these studies of the kinetic and mechanical properties of EC lamellipodia and ruffles at gap boundaries yield insights into the mechanisms of vascular barrier restoration and potentially a model system for examining the druggability of lamellipodial protein targets to enhance vascular barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Teran Arce
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida.
| | - Scott Younger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amir A Gaber
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Marisela Rodriguez
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida.
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6
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Hoshimaru T, Nonoguchi N, Kosaka T, Furuse M, Kawabata S, Yagi R, Kurisu Y, Kashiwagi H, Kameda M, Takami T, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Sasaki M, Honmou O, Hiramatsu R, Wanibuchi M. Actin Alpha 2, Smooth Muscle (ACTA2) Is Involved in the Migratory Potential of Malignant Gliomas, and Its Increased Expression at Recurrence Is a Significant Adverse Prognostic Factor. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1477. [PMID: 37891844 PMCID: PMC10605410 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is a highly invasive tumor, and elucidating the glioma invasion mechanism is essential for developing novel therapies. We aimed to highlight actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) as potential biomarkers of brain invasion and distant recurrence in malignant gliomas. Using the human malignant glioma cell line, U251MG, we generated ACTA2 knockdown (KD) cells treated with small interfering RNA, and the cell motility and proliferation of the ACTA2 KD group were analyzed. Furthermore, tumor samples from 12 glioma patients who underwent reoperation at the time of tumor recurrence were utilized to measure ACTA2 expression in the tumors before and after recurrence. Thereafter, we examined how ACTA2 expression correlates with the time to tumor recurrence and the mode of recurrence. The results showed that the ACTA2 KD group demonstrated a decline in the mean motion distance and proliferative capacity compared to the control group. In the clinical glioma samples, ACTA2 expression was remarkably increased in recurrent samples compared to the primary samples from the same patients, and the higher the change in ACTCA2 expression from the start to relapse, the shorter the progression-free survival. In conclusion, ACTA2 may be involved in distant recurrence in clinical gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hoshimaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Naosuke Nonoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takuya Kosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Motomasa Furuse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Yagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kurisu
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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7
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Sun KH, Lee MY, Jeon YJ. Inhibition of Phagocytosis by Silibinin in Mouse Macrophages. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8126-8137. [PMID: 37886956 PMCID: PMC10605117 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of silibinin, derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced morphological changes in mouse macrophages. Silibinin was treated at various doses and time points to assess its effects on macrophage activation, including morphological changes and phagocytosis. Silibinin effectively inhibited LPS-induced pseudopodia formation and size increase, while unstimulated cells remained round. Silibinin's impact on phagocytosis was dose- and time-dependent, showing a decrease. We explored its mechanism of action on kinases using a MAPK array. Among the three MAPK family members tested, silibinin had a limited effect on JNK and p38 but significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and related RSK1/2. Silibinin also inhibited MKK6, AKT3, MSK2, p70S6K, and GSK-3β. These findings highlight silibinin's potent inhibitory effects on phagocytosis and morphological changes in macrophages. We suggest its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent due to its ability to target key inflammatory pathways involving ERK1/2 and related kinases. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising therapeutic properties of silibinin in modulating macrophage function and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hoon Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Bai Y, Zhao F, Wu T, Chen F, Pang X. Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213668. [PMID: 37745245 PMCID: PMC10515290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process that occurs throughout the life cycle. F-actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton, is essential for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs during development. F-actin is formed by the polymerization of G-actin, and the dynamic balance of polymerization and depolymerization ensures proper cellular function. Disruption of this balance results in various abnormalities and defects or even embryonic lethality. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the structure of G-actin and F-actin and the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. We also focused on the functions of actin isoforms and the underlying mechanisms of actin polymerization/depolymerization in cellular and organic morphogenesis during development. This information will extend our understanding of the role of actin polymerization in the physiologic or pathologic processes during development and may open new avenues for developing therapeutics for embryonic developmental abnormalities or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchun Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Lambert C, Schmidt K, Karger M, Stadler M, Stradal TEB, Rottner K. Cytochalasans and Their Impact on Actin Filament Remodeling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1247. [PMID: 37627312 PMCID: PMC10452583 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton comprises the protein itself in its monomeric and filamentous forms, G- and F-actin, as well as multiple interaction partners (actin-binding proteins, ABPs). This gives rise to a temporally and spatially controlled, dynamic network, eliciting a plethora of motility-associated processes. To interfere with the complex inter- and intracellular interactions the actin cytoskeleton confers, small molecular inhibitors have been used, foremost of all to study the relevance of actin filaments and their turnover for various cellular processes. The most prominent inhibitors act by, e.g., sequestering monomers or by interfering with the polymerization of new filaments and the elongation of existing filaments. Among these inhibitors used as tool compounds are the cytochalasans, fungal secondary metabolites known for decades and exploited for their F-actin polymerization inhibitory capabilities. In spite of their application as tool compounds for decades, comprehensive data are lacking that explain (i) how the structural deviances of the more than 400 cytochalasans described to date influence their bioactivity mechanistically and (ii) how the intricate network of ABPs reacts (or adapts) to cytochalasan binding. This review thus aims to summarize the information available concerning the structural features of cytochalasans and their influence on the described activities on cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambert
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Karger
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Valdivia A, Duran C, Lee M, Williams HC, Lee MY, San Martin A. Nox1-based NADPH oxidase regulates the Par protein complex activity to control cell polarization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231489. [PMID: 37635877 PMCID: PMC10457011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for many biological and pathological processes. Establishing cell polarity with a trailing edge and forming a single lamellipodium at the leading edge of the cell is crucial for efficient directional cell migration and is a hallmark of mesenchymal cell motility. Lamellipodia formation is regulated by spatial-temporal activation of the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 at the front edge, and RhoA at the rear end. At a molecular level, partitioning-defective (Par) protein complex comprising Par3, Par6, and atypical Protein Kinase (aPKC isoforms ζ and λ/ι) regulates front-rear axis polarization. At the front edge, integrin clustering activates Cdc42, prompting the formation of Par3/Par6/aPKC complexes to modulate MTOC positioning and microtubule stabilization. Consequently, the Par3/Par6/aPKC complex recruits Rac1-GEF Tiam to activate Rac1, leading to lamellipodium formation. At the rear end, RhoA-ROCK phosphorylates Par3 disrupting its interaction with Tiam and inactivating Rac1. RhoA activity at the rear end allows the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers necessary to generate the traction forces that allow cell movement. Nox1-based NADPH oxidase is necessary for PDGF-induced migration in vitro and in vivo for many cell types, including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Here, we report that Nox1-deficient cells failed to acquire a normal front-to-rear polarity, polarize MTOC, and form a single lamellipodium. Instead, these cells form multiple protrusions that accumulate Par3 and active Tiam. The exogenous addition of H2O2 rescues this phenotype and is associated with the hyperactivation of Par3, Tiam, and Rac1. Mechanistically, Nox1 deficiency induces the inactivation of PP2A phosphatase, leading to increased activation of aPKC. These results were validated in Nox1y/- primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs), which also showed PP2A inactivation after PDGF-BB stimulation consistent with exacerbated activation of aPKC. Moreover, we evaluated the physiological relevance of this signaling pathway using a femoral artery wire injury model to generate neointimal hyperplasia. Nox1y/- mice showed increased staining for the inactive form of PP2A and increased signal for active aPKC, suggesting that PP2A and aPKC activities might contribute to reducing neointima formation observed in the arteries of Nox1y/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charity Duran
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mingyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Holly C. Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Smith IM, Stroka KM. The multifaceted role of aquaporins in physiological cell migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C208-C223. [PMID: 37246634 PMCID: PMC10312321 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process that underlies many physiological processes, including the immune response, organogenesis in the embryo, and angiogenesis, as well as pathological processes such as cancer metastasis. Cells have at their disposal a variety of migratory behaviors and mechanisms that seem to be specific to cell type and the microenvironment. Research over the past two decades has elucidated the water channel protein family of aquaporins (AQPs) as a regulator of many cell migration-related processes, from physical phenomena to biological signaling pathways. The roles that AQPs play in cell migration are both cell type- and isoform-specific; thus, a large swath of information has accumulated as researchers seek to identify the responses across these distinct variables. There does not seem to be a universal role that AQPs play in cell migration; the complex interplay between AQPs and cell volume management, signaling pathway activation, and in a few identified circumstances, gene expression regulation, has shown the intricate, and perhaps paradoxical, role of AQPs in cell migration. The objective of this review is to provide an organized and integrated collection of recent work that has elucidated the many mechanisms by which AQPs regulate cell migration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research has elucidated the water channel protein family of aquaporins (AQPs) as a regulator of many cell migration-related processes, from physical phenomena to biological signaling pathways. The roles that AQPs play in cell migration are both cell type- and isoform-specific; thus, a large swath of information has accumulated as researchers seek to identify the responses across these distinct variables. This review compiles insights into the recent findings linking AQPs to physiological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Smith
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Lampiasi N. The Migration and the Fate of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050742. [PMID: 37237554 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from dental pulp and derived from the neural crest. They can differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and nerve cells, and they play a role in tissue repair and regeneration. In fact, DPSCs, depending on the microenvironmental signals, can differentiate into odontoblasts and regenerate dentin or, when transplanted, replace/repair damaged neurons. Cell homing depends on recruitment and migration, and it is more effective and safer than cell transplantation. However, the main limitations of cell homing are the poor cell migration of MSCs and the limited information we have on the regulatory mechanism of the direct differentiation of MSCs. Different isolation methods used to recover DPSCs can yield different cell types. To date, most studies on DPSCs use the enzymatic isolation method, which prevents direct observation of cell migration. Instead, the explant method allows for the observation of single cells that can migrate at two different times and, therefore, could have different fates, for example, differentiation and self-renewal. DPSCs use mesenchymal and amoeboid migration modes with the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia and blebs, depending on the biochemical and biophysical signals of the microenvironment. Here, we present current knowledge on the possible intriguing role of cell migration, with particular attention to microenvironmental cues and mechanosensing properties, in the fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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13
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Ravid Y, Penič S, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Suetsugu S, Iglič A, Gov NS. Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153420. [PMID: 37228585 PMCID: PMC10203436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells intrinsically change their shape, by changing the composition of their membrane and by restructuring their underlying cytoskeleton. We present here further studies and extensions of a minimal physical model, describing a closed vesicle with mobile curved membrane protein complexes. The cytoskeletal forces describe the protrusive force due to actin polymerization which is recruited to the membrane by the curved protein complexes. We characterize the phase diagrams of this model, as function of the magnitude of the active forces, nearest-neighbor protein interactions and the proteins' spontaneous curvature. It was previously shown that this model can explain the formation of lamellipodia-like flat protrusions, and here we explore the regimes where the model can also give rise to filopodia-like tubular protrusions. We extend the simulation with curved components of both convex and concave species, where we find the formation of complex ruffled clusters, as well as internalized invaginations that resemble the process of endocytosis and macropinocytosis. We alter the force model representing the cytoskeleton to simulate the effects of bundled instead of branched structure, resulting in shapes which resemble filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ravid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minaminachi, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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14
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Hanafy NAN. Extracellular alkaline pH enhances migratory behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells as a caution against the indiscriminate application of alkalinizing drug therapy: In vitro microscopic studies. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152032. [PMID: 37119607 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The migratory process is a highly organized, differentiated, and polarized stage by which many signaling pathways are regulated to control cell migration. Since the significant evidence of migrating cells is the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. In the recent study, the cell migration model was assessed on the fact that any disruption obtained in the cellular monolayer confluent, may cause stimulation for surrounding cells to migrate. We attempt to demonstrate the morphological alterations associated with these migrating cells. In this case, sterilized 1 N NaOH (1 µl) was used as alkaline burnt. It leads to scratching the monolayer of hepatocellular carcinoma (HLF cell line) allowing cells to lose their connection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, light inverted microscopy, and dark field were used for discovering the morphological alterations associated with migrating cancer cells. The findings show that cells exhibited distinctive alterations including a polarizing stage, accumulation of the actin nodules in front of the nucleus, and protrusions. Nuclei appeared as lobulated shapes during migration. Lamellipodia and uropod were extended as well. Additionally, TGFβ1 proved its expression in HLF and SNU449 after their stimulation. It is demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma cells can migrate after their stimulation and there is a caution against the indiscriminate application of alkalinizing drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A N Hanafy
- Nanomedicine group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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15
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Hein JI, Scholz J, Körber S, Kaufmann T, Faix J. Unleashed Actin Assembly in Capping Protein-Deficient B16-F1 Cells Enables Identification of Multiple Factors Contributing to Filopodium Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060890. [PMID: 36980231 PMCID: PMC10047565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like actin-filament bundles that overcome membrane tension by forces generated through actin polymerization at their tips to allow extension of these structures a few microns beyond the cell periphery. Actin assembly of these protrusions is regulated by accessory proteins including heterodimeric capping protein (CP) or Ena/VASP actin polymerases to either terminate or promote filament growth. Accordingly, the depletion of CP in B16-F1 melanoma cells was previously shown to cause an explosive formation of filopodia. In Ena/VASP-deficient cells, CP depletion appeared to result in ruffling instead of inducing filopodia, implying that Ena/VASP proteins are absolutely essential for filopodia formation. However, this hypothesis was not yet experimentally confirmed. Methods: Here, we used B16-F1 cells and CRISPR/Cas9 technology to eliminate CP either alone or in combination with Ena/VASP or other factors residing at filopodia tips, followed by quantifications of filopodia length and number. Results: Unexpectedly, we find massive formations of filopodia even in the absence of CP and Ena/VASP proteins. Notably, combined inactivation of Ena/VASP, unconventional myosin-X and the formin FMNL3 was required to markedly impair filopodia formation in CP-deficient cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our results reveal that, besides Ena/VASP proteins, numerous other factors contribute to filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Faix
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-2928
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16
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Amiri B, Heyn JCJ, Schreiber C, Rädler JO, Falcke M. On multistability and constitutive relations of cell motion on fibronectin lanes. Biophys J 2023; 122:753-766. [PMID: 36739476 PMCID: PMC10027452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility on flat substrates exhibits coexisting steady and oscillatory morphodynamics, the biphasic adhesion-velocity relation, and the universal correlation between speed and persistence (UCSP) as simultaneous observations common to many cell types. Their universality and concurrency suggest a unifying mechanism causing all three of them. Stick-slip models for cells on one-dimensional lanes suggest multistability to arise from the nonlinear friction of retrograde flow. This study suggests a mechanical mechanism controlled by integrin signaling on the basis of a biophysical model and analysis of trajectories of MDA-MB-231 cells on fibronectin lanes, which additionally explains the constitutive relations. The experiments exhibit cells with steady or oscillatory morphodynamics and either spread or moving with spontaneous transitions between the dynamic regimes, spread and moving, and spontaneous direction reversals. Our biophysical model is based on the force balance at the protrusion edge, the noisy clutch of retrograde flow, and a response function of friction and membrane drag to integrin signaling. The theory reproduces the experimentally observed cell states, characteristics of oscillations, and state probabilities. Analysis of experiments with the biophysical model establishes a stick-slip oscillation mechanism, and explains multistability of cell states and the statistics of state transitions. It suggests protrusion competition to cause direction reversal events, the statistics of which explain the UCSP. The effect of integrin signaling on drag and friction explains the adhesion-velocity relation and cell behavior at fibronectin density steps. The dynamics of our mechanism are nonlinear flow mechanics driven by F-actin polymerization and shaped by the noisy clutch of retrograde flow friction, protrusion competition via membrane tension, and drag forces. Integrin signaling controls the parameters of the mechanical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Amiri
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes C J Heyn
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schreiber
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Falcke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Steffen A, Reusch B, Gruteser N, Mainz D, Roncarati R, Baumann A, Stradal TEB, Knebel-Mörsdorf D. Baculovirus Actin Rearrangement-Inducing Factor 1 Can Remodel the Mammalian Actin Cytoskeleton. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0518922. [PMID: 36779726 PMCID: PMC10100760 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05189-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 (Arif-1) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is an early viral protein that manipulates the actin cytoskeleton of host insect cells. Arif-1 is conserved among alphabaculoviruses and is responsible for the accumulation of F-actin at the plasma membrane during the early phase of infection. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Arif-1-induced cortical actin accumulation is still open. Recent studies have demonstrated the formation of invadosome-like structures induced by Arif-1, suggesting a function in systemic virus spread. Here, we addressed whether Arif-1 is able to manipulate the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells comparably to insect cells. Strikingly, transient overexpression of Arif-1 in B16-F1 mouse melanoma cells revealed pronounced F-actin remodeling. Actin assembly was increased, and intense membrane ruffling occurred at the expense of substrate-associated lamellipodia. Deletion mutagenesis studies of Arif-1 confirmed that the C-terminal cytoplasmic region was not sufficient to induce F-actin remodeling, supporting that the transmembrane region for Arif-1 function is also required in mammalian cells. The similarities between Arif-1-induced actin remodeling in insect and mammalian cells indicate that Arif-1 function relies on conserved cellular interaction partners and signal transduction pathways, thus providing an experimental tool to elucidate the underlying mechanism. IMPORTANCE Virus-induced changes of the host cell cytoskeleton play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral infections. The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is known for intervening with the regulation of the host actin cytoskeleton in a wide manner throughout the infection cycle. The actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 (Arif-1) is a viral protein that causes actin rearrangement during the early phase of AcMNPV infection. Here, we performed overexpression studies of Arif-1 in mammalian cells to establish an experimental tool that allows elucidation of the mechanism underlying the Arif-1-induced remodeling of actin dynamics in a well-characterized and genetically accessible system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Björn Reusch
- Center for Biochemistry, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Gruteser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Daniela Mainz
- Center for Biochemistry, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Renza Roncarati
- Center for Biochemistry, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Knebel-Mörsdorf
- Center for Biochemistry, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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The unique fibrilar to platy nano- and microstructure of twinned rotaliid foraminiferal shell calcite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2189. [PMID: 36750636 PMCID: PMC9905586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversification of biocrystal arrangements, incorporation of biopolymers at many scale levels and hierarchical architectures are keys for biomaterial optimization. The planktonic rotaliid foraminifer Pulleniatina obliquiloculata displays in its shell a new kind of mesocrystal architecture. Shell formation starts with crystallization of a rhizopodial network, the primary organic sheet (POS). On one side of the POS, crystals consist of blocky domains of 1 μm. On the other side of the POS crystals have dendritic-fractal morphologies, interdigitate and reach sizes of tens of micrometers. The dendritic-fractal crystals are twinned. At the site of nucleation, twinned crystals consist of minute fibrils. With distance away from the nucleation-site, fibrils evolve to bundles of crystallographically well co-oriented nanofibrils and to, twinned, platy-blade-shaped crystals that seam outer shell surfaces. The morphological nanofibril axis is the crystallographic c-axis, both are perpendicular to shell vault. The nanofibrillar calcite is polysynthetically twinned according to the 60°/[100] (= m/{001}) twin law. We demonstrate for the twinned, fractal-dendritic, crystals formation at high supersaturation and growth through crystal competition. We show also that c-axis-alignment is already induced by biopolymers of the POS and is not simply a consequence of growth competition. We discuss determinants that lead to rotaliid calcite formation.
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19
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Pokrant T, Hein JI, Körber S, Disanza A, Pich A, Scita G, Rottner K, Faix J. Ena/VASP clustering at microspike tips involves lamellipodin but not I-BAR proteins, and absolutely requires unconventional myosin-X. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023. [PMID: 36598940 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.12.491613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheet-like membrane protrusions at the leading edge, termed lamellipodia, drive 2D-cell migration using active actin polymerization. Microspikes comprise actin-filament bundles embedded within lamellipodia, but the molecular mechanisms driving their formation and their potential functional relevance have remained elusive. Microspike formation requires the specific activity of clustered Ena/VASP proteins at their tips to enable processive actin assembly in the presence of capping protein, but the factors and mechanisms mediating Ena/VASP clustering are poorly understood. Systematic analyses of B16-F1 melanoma mutants lacking potential candidate proteins revealed that neither inverse BAR-domain proteins, nor lamellipodin or Abi is essential for clustering, although they differentially contribute to lamellipodial VASP accumulation. In contrast, unconventional myosin-X (MyoX) identified here as proximal to VASP was obligatory for Ena/VASP clustering and microspike formation. Interestingly, and despite the invariable distribution of other relevant marker proteins, the width of lamellipodia in MyoX-KO mutants was significantly reduced as compared with B16-F1 control, suggesting that microspikes contribute to lamellipodium stability. Consistently, MyoX removal caused marked defects in protrusion and random 2D-cell migration. Strikingly, Ena/VASP-deficiency also uncoupled MyoX cluster dynamics from actin assembly in lamellipodia, establishing their tight functional association in microspike formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pokrant
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Ingo Hein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Körber
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM ETS (Istituto Fondazione di Oncologia Molecolare ETS), - The AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Pich
- Research Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM ETS (Istituto Fondazione di Oncologia Molecolare ETS), - The AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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20
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A network of mixed actin polarity in the leading edge of spreading cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1338. [PMID: 36473943 PMCID: PMC9727120 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical interactions of cells with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) play key roles in multiple cellular processes. The actin cytoskeleton is a central driver and regulator of cellular dynamics, that produces membrane-protrusions such as lamellipodia and filopodia. Here, we examined actin organization in expanding lamellipodia during early stages of cell spreading. To gain insight into the 3D actin organization, we plated fibroblasts on galectin-8 coated EM grids, an ECM protein presents in disease states. We then combined cryo-electron tomography with advanced image processing tools for reconstructing the structure of F-actin in the lamellipodia. This approach enabled us to resolve the polarity and orientation of filaments, and the structure of the Arp2/3 complexes associated with F-actin branches. We show that F-actin in lamellipodial protrusions forms a dense network with three distinct sub-domains. One consists primarily of radial filaments, with their barbed ends pointing towards the membrane, the other is enriched with parallel filaments that run between the radial fibers, in addition to an intermediate sub-domain. Surprisingly, a minor, yet significant (~10%) population of actin filaments, are oriented with their barbed-ends towards the cell center. Our results provide structural insights into F-actin assembly and dynamic reorganization in the leading edge of spreading cells.
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21
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Schäfer I, Bauch J, Wegrzyn D, Roll L, van Leeuwen S, Jarocki A, Faissner A. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 intervenes in the migration pathway of oligodendrocyte precursor cells on tenascin-C. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1042403. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1042403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are the exclusive source of myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Prior to myelination, OPCs migrate to target areas and mature into myelinating oligodendrocytes. This process is underpinned by drastic changes of the cytoskeleton and partially driven by pathways involving small GTPases of the Rho subfamily. In general, the myelination process requires migration, proliferation and differentiation of OPCs. Presently, these processes are only partially understood. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav3 on the migration behavior of OPCs. Vav3 is known to regulate RhoA, Rac1 and RhoG activity and is therefore a promising candidate with regard to a regulatory role concerning the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Our study focused on the Vav3 knockout mouse and revealed an enhanced migration capacity of Vav3−/− OPCs on the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC). The migration behavior of individual OPCs on further ECM molecules such as laminin-1 (Ln1), laminin-2 (Ln2) and tenascin-R (TnR) was not affected by the elimination of Vav3. The migration process was further investigated with regard to intracellular signal transmission by pharmacological blockade of downstream pathways of specific Rho GTPases. Our data suggest that activation of RhoA GTPase signaling compromises migration, as inhibition of RhoA-signaling promoted migration behavior. This study provides novel insights into the control of OPC migration, which could be useful for further understanding of the complex differentiation and myelination process.
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22
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Yang JB, Kim KS, Heo J, Chung JM, Jung HS. Studies of functional properties of espin 1: Its interaction to actin filaments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022096. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a multifunctional biomolecule that forms not only basic structural bodies such as filopodia and lamellipodia, but also large microvilli-like organelles like stereocilia. Actin consists of four sub-domains (S1, S2, S3, and S4), and the “target-binding groove” formed between S1 and S3 is the major binding site for various actin binding proteins. Actin filament dynamics are regulated by numerous actin binding proteins with different mechanisms of actin binding, assembly, and disassembly such as actin severing, branching, and bundling. Ectoplasmic specialization protein 1 (espin 1) is an actin binding and bundling protein that is specifically implicated in the elongation and stabilization of stereocilia as a binding partner with myosin III. However, little is known about the molecular structure, actin bundling, and stabilizing mechanism of espin 1; hence, we investigated the interaction between actin and espin 1 through structural data. In this study, we first purified human espin 1 in an E. coli system following a new detergent-free approach and then demonstrated the 2D structure of full-length espin 1 using transmission electron microscopy along with Nickel nitrilotriacetic acid nanogold labeling and 2D averaging using SPIDER. Furthermore, we also determined the espin 1 binding domain of actin using a co-sedimentation assay along with gelsolin and myosin S1. These findings are not only beneficial for understanding the actin binding and bundling mechanism of espin 1, but also shed light on its elongation, stabilization, and tip-localization mechanisms with myosin III. This study thus provides a basis for understanding the molecular structure of espin 1 and can contribute to various hearing-related diseases, such as hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
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23
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Sharaf A, Roos B, Timmerman R, Kremers GJ, Bajramovic JJ, Accardo A. Two-Photon Polymerization of 2.5D and 3D Microstructures Fostering a Ramified Resting Phenotype in Primary Microglia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:926642. [PMID: 35979173 PMCID: PMC9376863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.926642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and contribute to maintaining brain’s homeostasis. Current 2D “petri-dish” in vitro cell culturing platforms employed for microglia, are unrepresentative of the softness or topography of native brain tissue. This often contributes to changes in microglial morphology, exhibiting an amoeboid phenotype that considerably differs from the homeostatic ramified phenotype in healthy brain tissue. To overcome this problem, multi-scale engineered polymeric microenvironments are developed and tested for the first time with primary microglia derived from adult rhesus macaques. In particular, biomimetic 2.5D micro- and nano-pillar arrays (diameters = 0.29–1.06 µm), featuring low effective shear moduli (0.25–14.63 MPa), and 3D micro-cages (volume = 24 × 24 × 24 to 49 × 49 × 49 μm3) with and without micro- and nano-pillar decorations (pillar diameters = 0.24–1 µm) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (2PP). Compared to microglia cultured on flat substrates, cells growing on the pillar arrays exhibit an increased expression of the ramified phenotype and a higher number of primary branches per ramified cell. The interaction between the cells and the micro-pillar-decorated cages enables a more homogenous 3D cell colonization compared to the undecorated ones. The results pave the way for the development of improved primary microglia in vitro models to study these cells in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sharaf
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Brian Roos
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Angelo Accardo,
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24
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Ho WT, Chang JS, Chen TC, Wang JK, Chang SW, Yang MH, Jou TS, Wang IJ. Inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase activity enhances oxidative phosphorylation to support corneal endothelial cell migration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22397. [PMID: 35661268 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cell (CEC) dysfunction causes corneal edema and severe visual impairment that require transplantation to restore vision. To address the unmet need of organ shortage, descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty has been specifically employed to treat early stage Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, which is pathophysiologically related to oxidative stress and exhibits centrally located corneal guttae. After stripping off central Descemet's membrane, rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor has been found to facilitate CEC migration, an energy-demanding task, thereby achieving wound closure. However, the correlation between ROCK inhibition and the change in bioenergetic status of CECs remained to be elucidated. Through transcriptomic profiling, we found that the inhibition of ROCK activity by the selective inhibitor, ripasudil or Y27632, promoted enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene set in bovine CECs (BCECs). Functional analysis revealed that ripasudil, a clinically approved anti-glaucoma agent, enhanced mitochondrial respiration, increased spare respiratory capacity, and induced overexpression of electron transport chain components through upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Accelerated BCEC migration and in vitro wound healing by ripasudil were diminished by OXPHOS and AMPK inhibition, but not by glycolysis inhibition. Correspondingly, lamellipodial protrusion and actin assembly that were augmented by ripasudil became reduced with additional OXPHOS or AMPK inhibition. These results indicate that ROCK inhibition induces metabolic reprogramming toward OXPHOS to support migration of CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Chi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Kang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Shuh Jou
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Altered CXCR4 dynamics at the cell membrane impairs directed cell migration in WHIM syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119483119. [PMID: 35588454 PMCID: PMC9173760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119483119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceNew imaging-based approaches are incorporating new concepts to our knowledge of biological processes. The analysis of receptor dynamics involved in cell movement using single-particle tracking demonstrates that cells require chemokine-mediated receptor clustering to sense appropriately chemoattractant gradients. Here, we report that this process does not occur in T cells expressing CXCR4R334X, a mutant form of CXCR4 linked to WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis). The underlaying molecular mechanism involves inappropriate actin cytoskeleton remodeling due to the inadequate β-arrestin1 activation by CXCR4R334X, which alters its lateral mobility and spatial organization. These defects, associated to CXCR4R334X expression, contribute to the retention of hematopoietic precursors in bone marrow niches and explain the severe immunological symptoms associated with WHIM syndrome.
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26
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Javed K, Gul F, Abbasi R, Batool S, Noreen Z, Bokhari H, Javed S. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Helicobacter pullorum Type Six Secretory Protein Hcp and Its Role in Bacterial Invasion and Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:195. [PMID: 35593885 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum is a human zoonotic pathogen transmitted through poultry where it is associated with vibrionic hepatitis and colitis. Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is an important structural as well as effector protein of type six secretory system; however, its role in H. pullorum invasion and pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we predicted the Helicobacter pullorum Hcp (HpuHcp) structure and identified Campylobacter jejuni Hcp (CjHcp) as its nearest homologue. Analysis of the predicted structure shows several common bacterial Hcp motifs like Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, N-myristoylation site, cAMP-and cCGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, N-glycosylation site. The presence of unique microbodies C-terminal targeting signal domain was present in HpuHcp which was seen for the first time in CjHcp. This could indicate that Hcp is a structural protein as well as a secretory protein. Moreover, the presence of a deamidase domain, similar to the tecA of Burkholderia cenocepacia an opportunistic pathogen, may help in bacterial internalization as it depolymerises the membranous actin by deamidation of the host cell Rho GTPases cdc42 and Rac1, which was supported by increased invasion of hepatocytes by Hcp-positive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Bioscience Department, Kohsar University Murree, Near Kashmir Point, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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27
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Pasapera AM, Heissler SM, Eto M, Nishimura Y, Fischer RS, Thiam HR, Waterman CM. MARK2 regulates directed cell migration through modulation of myosin II contractility and focal adhesion organization. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2704-2718.e6. [PMID: 35594862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration during metastasis is mediated by a highly polarized cytoskeleton. MARK2 and its invertebrate homolog Par1B are kinases that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate polarization of neurons in mammals and embryos in invertebrates. However, the role of MARK2 in cancer cell migration is unclear. Using osteosarcoma cells, we found that in addition to its known localizations on microtubules and the plasma membrane, MARK2 also associates with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Cells depleted of MARK proteins demonstrated that MARK2 promotes phosphorylation of both myosin II and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit MYPT1 to synergistically drive myosin II contractility and stress fiber formation in cells. Studies with isolated proteins showed that MARK2 directly phosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain, while its effects on MYPT1 phosphorylation are indirect. Using a mutant lacking the membrane-binding domain, we found that membrane association is required for focal adhesion targeting of MARK2, where it specifically enhances cell protrusion by promoting FAK phosphorylation and formation of focal adhesions oriented in the direction of migration to mediate directionally persistent cell motility. Together, our results define MARK2 as a master regulator of the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems and focal adhesions to mediate directional cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pasapera
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimura
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Developmental Physiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa R Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Belansky J, Yelin D. Optimization study of plasmonic cell fusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7159. [PMID: 35504928 PMCID: PMC9065096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial cell fusion often serves as a valuable tool for studying different applications in biology and medicine, including natural development, immune response, cancer metastasis and production of therapeutic molecules. Plasmonic cell fusion, a technique that uses specific cell labeling by gold nanoparticles and resonant femtosecond pulse irradiation for fusing neighboring cells, has been demonstrated useful for such applications, allowing high cell specificity and an overall low toxicity. Despite these advantages, the numerous experimental factors contributing to plasmonic fusion have often led to subpar fusion efficiencies, requiring repeated experiments and extensive calibration protocols for achieving optimal results. In this work we present a study that aims to improve the overall performance of plasmonic cell fusion in terms of fusion efficiency and cell viability. By varying the pulse fluence, nanoparticle concentration, incubation times, and culture handling protocols, we demonstrate up to 100% fusion of malignant epithelial cells across the entire irradiated area of the culture. We also show that some of the smaller cells may stay viable for up to several days. The results would allow plasmonic fusion to play a key role in numerous studies and applications that require specific, high-efficiency cell-cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Belansky
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dvir Yelin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 5 (S1P5) Deficiency Promotes Proliferation and Immortalization of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071661. [PMID: 35406433 PMCID: PMC8996878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid metabolite involved in cell proliferation, survival or migration. S1P is a ligand for five high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5), which differ in their tissue distribution, and the specific effects of S1P depend on the suite of S1P receptor subtypes expressed. To date, information regarding the role of S1P5 in cell proliferation is limited and ambiguous. Our results suggest that, unlike other S1P receptors, the S1P5 receptor has an anti-proliferative function. We found that S1P5 deficiency promotes cell immortalization and proliferation by controlling the spatial activation of ERK. Abstract Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, interacts with five widely expressed G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5), regulating a variety of downstream signaling pathways with overlapping but also opposing functions. To date, data regarding the role of S1P5 in cell proliferation are ambiguous, and its role in controlling the growth of untransformed cells remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of S1P5 deficiency on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our results indicate that lack of S1P5 expression profoundly affects cell morphology and proliferation. First, S1P5 deficiency reduces cellular senescence and promotes MEF immortalization. Second, it decreases cell size and leads to cell elongation, which is accompanied by decreased cell spreading and migration. Third, it increases proliferation rate, a phenotype rescued by the reintroduction of exogenous S1P5. Mechanistically, S1P5 promotes the activation of FAK, controlling cell spreading and adhesion while the anti-proliferative function of the S1P/S1P5 signaling is associated with reduced nuclear accumulation of activated ERK. Our results suggest that S1P5 opposes the growth-promoting function of S1P1-3 through spatial control of ERK activation and provides new insights into the anti-proliferative function of S1P5.
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30
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Faix J, Rottner K. Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274697. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The tightly coordinated, spatiotemporal control of actin filament remodeling provides the basis of fundamental cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. Specific protein assemblies, composed of various actin-binding proteins, are thought to operate in these processes to nucleate and elongate new filaments, arrange them into complex three-dimensional (3D) arrays and recycle them to replenish the actin monomer pool. Actin filament assembly is not only necessary to generate pushing forces against the leading edge membrane or to propel pathogens through the cytoplasm, but also coincides with the generation of stress fibers (SFs) and focal adhesions (FAs) that generate, transmit and sense mechanical tension. The only protein families known to date that directly enhance the elongation of actin filaments are formins and the family of Ena/VASP proteins. Their mechanisms of action, however, in enhancing processive filament elongation are distinct. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of Ena/VASP-mediated actin filament assembly, and to discuss recent insights into the cell biological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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31
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Zhao AJ, Montes-Laing J, Perry WMG, Shiratori M, Merfeld E, Rogers SL, Applewhite DA. The Drosophila spectraplakin Short stop regulates focal adhesion dynamics by crosslinking microtubules and actin. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar19. [PMID: 35235367 PMCID: PMC9282009 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectraplakin family of proteins includes ACF7/MACF1 and BPAG1/dystonin in mammals, VAB-10 in Caenorhabditis elegans, Magellan in zebrafish, and Short stop (Shot), the sole Drosophila member. Spectraplakins are giant cytoskeletal proteins that cross-link actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, coordinating the activity of the entire cytoskeleton. We examined the role of Shot during cell migration using two systems: the in vitro migration of Drosophila tissue culture cells and in vivo through border cell migration. RNA interference (RNAi) depletion of Shot increases the rate of random cell migration in Drosophila tissue culture cells as well as the rate of wound closure during scratch-wound assays. This increase in cell migration prompted us to analyze focal adhesion dynamics. We found that the rates of focal adhesion assembly and disassembly were faster in Shot-depleted cells, leading to faster adhesion turnover that could underlie the increased migration speeds. This regulation of focal adhesion dynamics may be dependent on Shot being in an open confirmation. Using Drosophila border cells as an in vivo model for cell migration, we found that RNAi depletion led to precocious border cell migration. Collectively, these results suggest that spectraplakins not only function to cross-link the cytoskeleton but may regulate cell–matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Zhao
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Julia Montes-Laing
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Wick M G Perry
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Mari Shiratori
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Emily Merfeld
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology & Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3280, 422 Fordham Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Derek A Applewhite
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
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32
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Hwang W, Kim D, Kim D. Axial Scanning Metal-Induced Energy Transfer Microscopy for Extended Range Nanometer-Sectioning Cell Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105497. [PMID: 35174635 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-sectioning optical microscopy has become an indispensable tool in membrane-related biomedical studies. Finally, many nanometer-sectioning imaging schemes, such as variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) imaging, and supercritical-angle fluorescence microscopy have been introduced. However, these methods can measure a single layer of molecules, and the measurement ranges are below 100 nm, which is not large enough to cover the thickness of lamellipodium. This paper proposes an optical imaging scheme that can identify the axial locations of two layers of molecules with an extended measurement range and a nanometer-scale precision by using MIET, axial focal plane scanning, and biexponential analysis in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by measuring an artificial sample of a known structure and the lamellipodium of a human aortic endothelial cell whose thickness ranges from 100 to 450 nm with 18.3 nm precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsang Hwang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Dongeun Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Dugyoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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33
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Blaise AM, Corcoran EE, Wattenberg ES, Zhang YL, Cottrell JR, Koleske AJ. In vitro fluorescence assay to measure GDP/GTP exchange of guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Rho family GTPases. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 7:bpab024. [PMID: 35087952 PMCID: PMC8789339 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are enzymes that promote the activation of GTPases through GTP loading. Whole exome sequencing has identified rare variants in GEFs that are associated with disease, demonstrating that GEFs play critical roles in human development. However, the consequences of these rare variants can only be understood through measuring their effects on cellular activity. Here, we provide a detailed, user-friendly protocol for purification and fluorescence-based analysis of the two GEF domains within the protein, Trio. This analysis offers a straight-forward, quantitative tool to test the activity of GEF domains on their respective GTPases, as well as utilize high-throughput screening to identify regulators and inhibitors. This protocol can be adapted for characterization of other Rho family GEFs. Such analyses are crucial for the complete understanding of the roles of GEF genetic variants in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Blaise
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Ellen E Corcoran
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Eve S Wattenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Cottrell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
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34
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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Jin B, Kong W, Zhao X, Chen S, Sun Q, Feng J, Song D, Han D. Substrate stiffness affects the morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity of cervical squamous carcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101681. [PMID: 34837739 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is associated with the highest morbidity rate among gynecological cancers. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, a considerable number of patients are radiation resistant, leading to a poor prognosis. Matrix stiffness is related to the occurrence, development, and chemoresistance of solid tumors. The association between matrix stiffness and radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the effect of matrix stiffness on the phenotype and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. Cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells were grown on substrates of different stiffnesses (0.5, 5, and 25 kPa). Cell morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity were examined. Cells grown on hard substrates displayed stronger proliferative activity, larger size, and higher differentiation degree, which was reflected in a more mature skeleton assembly, more abundant pseudopodia formation, and smaller nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, SiHa cells exhibited stiffness-dependent resistance to radiation, possibly via altered apoptosis-related protein expression. Our findings demonstrate that matrix stiffness affects the morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity of SiHa cells. Tissue stiffness may be an indicator of the sensitivity of a patient to radiotherapy. Thus, the data provide insights into the diagnosis of cervical cancer and the design of future radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China.
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Dong Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Payandeh Z, Pirpour Tazehkand A, Azargoonjahromi A, Almasi F, Alagheband Bahrami A. The Role of Cell Organelles in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Focus on Exosomes. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 34736402 PMCID: PMC8567674 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auto-immune diseases involved at least 25% of the population in wealthy countries. Several factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements are implicated in development of Rheumatoid Arthritis as an autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies cause synovial inflammation and arthritis, if left untreated or being under continual external stimulation, could result in chronic inflammation, joint injury, and disability. T- and B-cells, signaling molecules, proinflammatory mediators, and synovium-specific targets are among the new therapeutic targets. Exosomes could be employed as therapeutic vectors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Herein, the role of cell organelle particularly exosomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis had discussed and some therapeutic applications of exosome highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vorselen D, Barger SR, Wang Y, Cai W, Theriot JA, Gauthier NC, Krendel M. Phagocytic 'teeth' and myosin-II 'jaw' power target constriction during phagocytosis. eLife 2021; 10:e68627. [PMID: 34708690 PMCID: PMC8585483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid actin reorganization and spatially controlled force generation to ingest targets ranging from pathogens to apoptotic cells. How actomyosin activity directs membrane extensions to engulf such diverse targets remains unclear. Here, we combine lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) with microparticle traction force microscopy (MP-TFM) to quantify actin dynamics and subcellular forces during macrophage phagocytosis. We show that spatially localized forces leading to target constriction are prominent during phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. This constriction is largely driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions containing myosin 1e and 1f ('teeth') that appear to be interconnected in a ring-like organization. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and progression, supporting a specific role in phagocytic cup closure. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release via a popping mechanism suggest that constriction may be critical for resolving complex in vivo target encounters. Overall, our findings present a phagocytic cup shaping mechanism that is distinct from cytoskeletal remodeling in 2D cell motility and may contribute to mechanosensing and phagocytic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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Han X, Lv Q, Liu H, Dai R, Liu J, Shen Q, Sun L, Rao J, Chen J, Zhai Y, Xu H. PPARα agonist exerts protective effects in podocyte injury via inhibition of the ANGPTL3 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112753. [PMID: 34499887 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation has been reported to exert protective effects on podocytes, whereas angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) has been shown to exert significant pathogenic effects on these cells. This study aimed to investigate the link between the protective effects of PPARα activation and the pathogenic effects of ANGPTL3 in podocytes. Both PPARα and ANGPTL3 were expressed in cultured podocytes. PPARα mRNA and protein levels decreased whereas ANGPTL3 mRNA and protein levels increased in a time-dependent manner in podocytes treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Gemfibrozil, a pharmacological agonist of PPARα, increased PPARα levels and activity in podocytes. The drug also decreased ANGPTL3 levels by potentially weakening ANGPTL3 promoter activity in both normal and PAN-treated podocytes. Furthermore, gemfibrozil significantly decreased PAN-induced apoptosis and F-actin rearrangement. Primary podocytes from Angptl3-knockout mice were cultured. There was no significant difference between Angptl3-/- podocytes treated with or without gemfibrozil in the lamellipodia numbers after PAN treatment. The results suggested that the protective effects of gemfibrozil on podocytes were not exerted following knockout of the Angptl3 gene. This study identified a novel mechanism of the PPARα agonist gemfibrozil that exerts its protective effects by inhibiting PAN-induced apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangements through inhibition of ANGPTL3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Han
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.
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Rutkowski DM, Vavylonis D. Discrete mechanical model of lamellipodial actin network implements molecular clutch mechanism and generates arcs and microspikes. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009506. [PMID: 34662335 PMCID: PMC8553091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces, actin filament turnover, and adhesion to the extracellular environment regulate lamellipodial protrusions. Computational and mathematical models at the continuum level have been used to investigate the molecular clutch mechanism, calculating the stress profile through the lamellipodium and around focal adhesions. However, the forces and deformations of individual actin filaments have not been considered while interactions between actin networks and actin bundles is not easily accounted with such methods. We develop a filament-level model of a lamellipodial actin network undergoing retrograde flow using 3D Brownian dynamics. Retrograde flow is promoted in simulations by pushing forces from the leading edge (due to actin polymerization), pulling forces (due to molecular motors), and opposed by viscous drag in cytoplasm and focal adhesions. Simulated networks have densities similar to measurements in prior electron micrographs. Connectivity between individual actin segments is maintained by permanent and dynamic crosslinkers. Remodeling of the network occurs via the addition of single actin filaments near the leading edge and via filament bond severing. We investigated how several parameters affect the stress distribution, network deformation and retrograde flow speed. The model captures the decrease in retrograde flow upon increase of focal adhesion strength. The stress profile changes from compression to extension across the leading edge, with regions of filament bending around focal adhesions. The model reproduces the observed reduction in retrograde flow speed upon exposure to cytochalasin D, which halts actin polymerization. Changes in crosslinker concentration and dynamics, as well as in the orientation pattern of newly added filaments demonstrate the model's ability to generate bundles of filaments perpendicular (actin arcs) or parallel (microspikes) to the protruding direction.
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40
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Bischoff MC, Bogdan S. Collective cell migration driven by filopodia-New insights from the social behavior of myotubes. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100124. [PMID: 34480489 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration is a key process that is critical during development, as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes including tissue repair, wound healing and cancer. Studies in genetic model organisms have made important contributions to our current understanding of the mechanisms that shape cells into different tissues during morphogenesis. Recent advances in high-resolution and live-cell-imaging techniques provided new insights into the social behavior of cells based on careful visual observations within the context of a living tissue. In this review, we will compare Drosophila testis nascent myotube migration with established in vivo model systems, elucidate similarities, new features and principles in collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik C Bischoff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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41
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Wessels DJ, Pujol C, Pradhan N, Lusche DF, Gonzalez L, Kelly SE, Martin EM, Voss ER, Park YN, Dailey M, Sugg SL, Phadke S, Bashir A, Soll DR. Directed movement toward, translocation along, penetration into and exit from vascular networks by breast cancer cells in 3D. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:224-248. [PMID: 34338608 PMCID: PMC8331046 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1957527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a computer-assisted platform using laser scanning confocal microscopy to 3D reconstruct in real-time interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We demonstrate that MB-231 cancer cells migrate toward HUVEC networks, facilitated by filopodia, migrate along the network surfaces, penetrate into and migrate within the HUVEC networks, exit and continue migrating along network surfaces. The system is highly amenable to 3D reconstruction and computational analyses, and assessments of the effects of potential anti-metastasis monoclonal antibodies and other drugs. We demonstrate that an anti-RHAMM antibody blocks filopodium formation and all of the behaviors that we found take place between MB-231 cells and HUVEC networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claude Pujol
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nikash Pradhan
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel F Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sydney E Kelly
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edward R Voss
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yang-Nim Park
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Dailey
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sonia L Sugg
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sneha Phadke
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amani Bashir
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David R Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kim TI, Lee SW, Jo WL, Kim YS, Kim SC, Kwon SY, Lim YW. Improved Biological Responses of Titanium Coating Using Laser-Aided Direct Metal Fabrication on SUS316L Stainless Steel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143947. [PMID: 34300866 PMCID: PMC8305544 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct metal fabrication (DMF) coatings have the advantage of a more uniform porous structure and superior mechanical properties compared to coatings provided by other methods. We applied pure titanium metal powders to SUS316L stainless steel using laser-aided DMF coating technology with 3D printing. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of this surface modification of stainless steel. The capacity of cells to adhere to DMF-coated SUS316L stainless steel was compared with machined SUS316L stainless steel in vitro and in vivo. Morphological in vitro response to human osteoblast cell lines was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Separate specimens were inserted into the medulla of distal femurs of rabbits for in vivo study. The distal femurs were harvested after 3 months, and were then subjected to push-out test and histomorphometrical analyses. The DMF group exhibited a distinct surface chemical composition, showing higher peaks of titanium compared to the machined stainless steel. The surface of the DMF group had a more distinct porous structure, which showed more extensive coverage with lamellipodia from osteoblasts than the machined surface. In the in vivo test, the DMF group showed better results than the machined group in the push-out test (3.39 vs. 1.35 MPa, respectively, p = 0.001). In the histomorphometric analyses, the mean bone-to-implant contact percentage of the DMF group was about 1.5 times greater than that of the machined group (65.4 ± 7.1% vs. 41.9 ± 5.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). The porous titanium coating on SUS316L stainless steel produced using DMF with 3D printing showed better surface characteristics and biomechanical properties than the machined SUS316L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-In Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Davos Hospital, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17063, Korea;
| | - Se-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Woo-Lam Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yu Q, Sura MB, Wang D, Huang D, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Lu Q, Cheng Y. Isolation of Boswelliains A—E,
Cembrane‐Type
Diterpenoids from
Boswellia papyifera,
and an Evaluation of Their Wound Healing Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Hua Yu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Madhu Babu Sura
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Dai‐Wei Wang
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Danling Huang
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Yong‐Ming Yan
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Ya‐Bin Jiao
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Qing Lu
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Hanshan Normal University Chaozhou Guangdong 521041 China
| | - Yong‐Xian Cheng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Institute for Inheritance‐Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Hanshan Normal University Chaozhou Guangdong 521041 China
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Yang K, Luo M, Li H, Abdulrehman G, Kang L. Effects of jasplakinolide on cytotoxicity, cytoskeleton and apoptosis in two different colon cancer cell lines treated with m-THPC-PDT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102425. [PMID: 34214686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and metastasis is one of the most important challenges in the treatment of CRC. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and non-invasive treatment that influence cytoskeleton and to reduce cancer metastases. In addition, cytoskeleton is related to cancer metastases. Two isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were used in the present study, we found that m-THPC mediated PDT changed the cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cytoskeleton in both cell lines. Interestingly, the expression of intermediate filaments protein cytokeratin18 were different in the two cell lines. In order to further confirm the relationship between cytoskeleton and cell migration, we combined with microfilament stabilizer jasplakinolide (JASP) to observe the effects of microfilaments on cell migration, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that m-THPC-PDT could induce cytoplasmic cytoskeleton destruction in both types of cells, especially on microfilaments and microtubules. Moreover, in SW480 cells, microtubules may participate in the apoptosis process induced by m-THPC-PDT, while microfilaments may participate in the process of m-THPC-PDT inhibiting cell migration. But in SW620 cells, only microfilaments may be involved in m-THPC-PDT induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Yang
- Teaching & Research Department, The First People's Hospital of Urumqi, 1 Jiankang Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Mengyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 567 SHangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 567 SHangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Gulinur Abdulrehman
- Cancer Hospital of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 789 Suzhou East Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Ling Kang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 567 SHangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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Liu M, Xu Z, Zhang C, Yang C, Feng J, Lu Y, Zhang W, Chen W, Xu X, Sun X, Yang M, Liu W, Zhou T, Yang Y. NudC L279P Mutation Destabilizes Filamin A by Inhibiting the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway and Suppresses Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671233. [PMID: 34262899 PMCID: PMC8273881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin A, the first discovered non-muscle actin filament cross-linking protein, plays a crucial role in regulating cell migration that participates in diverse cellular and developmental processes. However, the regulatory mechanism of filamin A stability remains unclear. Here, we find that nuclear distribution gene C (NudC), a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), is required to stabilize filamin A in mammalian cells. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses reveal that NudC interacts with filamin A. Overexpression of human NudC-L279P (an evolutionarily conserved mutation in NudC that impairs its chaperone activity) not only decreases the protein level of filamin A but also results in actin disorganization and the suppression of cell migration. Ectopic expression of filamin A is able to reverse these defects induced by the overexpression of NudC-L279P. Furthermore, Hsp90 forms a complex with filamin A. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity by either geldanamycin or radicicol decreases the protein stability of filamin A. In addition, ectopic expression of Hsp90 efficiently restores NudC-L279P overexpression-induced protein stability and functional defects of filamin A. Taken together, these data suggest NudC L279P mutation destabilizes filamin A by inhibiting the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway and suppresses cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Cancer Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuehong Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Cheng Y, Zhu S, Pang SW. Directing osteoblastic cell migration on arrays of nanopillars and nanoholes with different aspect ratios. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2206-2216. [PMID: 33876172 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To realize highly directional guidance for cell migration, both micro- and nano-scale topographies were studied to better understand and mimic the complex extracellular matrix environment. Polydimethylsiloxane-based platforms with micro- and nano-topographies were developed to systematically study their guidance effects on cell migration behaviors. Compared to microtopography such as flat surface or grating, nanotopographies such as nanoholes and nanopillars could promote the generation of filopodia and extension of long protrusions with increased migration speed for MC3T3-E1 cells. Although cells on the grating structures showed lower migration speed, more directional cell migration was achieved due to their anisotropic topography compared to nanohole or nanopillar arrays with isotropic structures. To further enhance the cell migration directionality, the nanotopographies were patterned in grating arrangements and the results showed that both nanoholes and nanopillars in grating arrangements introduced more directional cell migration compared to gratings. The effects of physical dimensions of the nanotopographies on cell migration were studied and the results showed that there was less cell elongation and less directional migration of the nanoholes in grating arrangements with increasing depth of nanoholes. However, the nanopillars in grating arrangements showed more cell elongation, more directional migration, and higher migration speed with increasing height of the nanopillars. Platforms with nanopillars in grating arrangements and large height could be used to control cell migration speed and directionality, which could potentially lead to cell sorting and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuyan Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stella W Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Stahnke S, Döring H, Kusch C, de Gorter DJJ, Dütting S, Guledani A, Pleines I, Schnoor M, Sixt M, Geffers R, Rohde M, Müsken M, Kage F, Steffen A, Faix J, Nieswandt B, Rottner K, Stradal TEB. Loss of Hem1 disrupts macrophage function and impacts migration, phagocytosis, and integrin-mediated adhesion. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2051-2064.e8. [PMID: 33711252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic-specific protein 1 (Hem1) is an essential subunit of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) in immune cells. WRC is crucial for Arp2/3 complex activation and the protrusion of branched actin filament networks. Moreover, Hem1 loss of function in immune cells causes autoimmune diseases in humans. Here, we show that genetic removal of Hem1 in macrophages diminishes frequency and efficacy of phagocytosis as well as phagocytic cup formation in addition to defects in lamellipodial protrusion and migration. Moreover, Hem1-null macrophages displayed strong defects in cell adhesion despite unaltered podosome formation and concomitant extracellular matrix degradation. Specifically, dynamics of both adhesion and de-adhesion as well as concomitant phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly compromised. Accordingly, disruption of WRC function in non-hematopoietic cells coincided with both defects in adhesion turnover and altered FAK and paxillin phosphorylation. Consistently, platelets exhibited reduced adhesion and diminished integrin αIIbβ3 activation upon WRC removal. Interestingly, adhesion phenotypes, but not lamellipodia formation, were partially rescued by small molecule activation of FAK. A full rescue of the phenotype, including lamellipodia formation, required not only the presence of WRCs but also their binding to and activation by Rac. Collectively, our results uncover that WRC impacts on integrin-dependent processes in a FAK-dependent manner, controlling formation and dismantling of adhesions, relevant for properly grabbing onto extracellular surfaces and particles during cell edge expansion, like in migration or phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stahnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Döring
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David J J de Gorter
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aleks Guledani
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frieda Kage
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E B Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
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TRPV2 interacts with actin and reorganizes submembranous actin cytoskeleton. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226528. [PMID: 32985655 PMCID: PMC7560523 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of molecules and their role in neurite initiation and/or extension is not only helpful to prevent different neurodegenerative diseases but also can be important in neuronal damage repair. In this work, we explored the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), a non-selective cation channel in the context of neurite functions. We confirm that functional TRPV2 is endogenously present in F11 cell line, a model system mimicking peripheral neuron. In F11 cells, TRPV2 localizes in specific subcellular regions enriched with filamentous actin, such as in growth cone, filopodia, lamellipodia and in neurites. TRPV2 regulates actin cytoskeleton and also interacts with soluble actin. Ectopic expression of TRPV2-GFP in F11 cell induces more primary and secondary neurites, confirming its role in neurite initiation, extension and branching events. TRPV2-mediated neuritogenesis is dependent on wildtype TRPV2 as cells expressing TRPV2 mutants reveal no neuritogenesis. These findings are relevant to understand the sprouting of new neurites, neuroregeneration and neuronal plasticity at the cellular, subcellular and molecular levels. Such understanding may have further implications in neurodegeneration and peripheral neuropathy.
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Fu M, Franquelim HG, Kretschmer S, Schwille P. Non‐Equilibrium Large‐Scale Membrane Transformations Driven by MinDE Biochemical Reaction Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Fu
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Henri G. Franquelim
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Science University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
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Fu M, Franquelim HG, Kretschmer S, Schwille P. Non-Equilibrium Large-Scale Membrane Transformations Driven by MinDE Biochemical Reaction Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6496-6502. [PMID: 33285025 PMCID: PMC7986748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The MinDE proteins from E. coli have received great attention as a paradigmatic biological pattern-forming system. Recently, it has surfaced that these proteins do not only generate oscillating concentration gradients driven by ATP hydrolysis, but that they can reversibly deform giant vesicles. In order to explore the potential of Min proteins to actually perform mechanical work, we introduce a new model membrane system, flat vesicle stacks on top of a supported lipid bilayer. MinDE oscillations can repeatedly deform these flat vesicles into tubules and promote progressive membrane spreading through membrane adhesion. Dependent on membrane and buffer compositions, Min oscillations further induce robust bud formation. Altogether, we demonstrate that under specific conditions, MinDE self-organization can result in work performed on biomimetic systems and achieve a straightforward mechanochemical coupling between the MinDE biochemical reaction cycle and membrane transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Fu
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Henri G. Franquelim
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic ScienceUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Dept. Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
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