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Walsh S, Dettwiller P, Puah L, Beks H, Versace V, Jones M. Decentralised clinical trials in rural Australia: Opportunities and challenges. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:582-587. [PMID: 38629864 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To present opportunities and a model to redress the under-representation of rural communities and people in Australian clinical trials. CONTEXT Clinical trials are essential for building and understanding the health evidence base. The lack of representation of rural people in clinical trials is evident in other countries. Examining the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) suggests this is also the case in Australia. APPROACH We propose an approach that empowers rurally based academics and clinicians to co-design clinical trials and increase rural Australians' participation in clinical trials to address this inequality of access. A case study of a decentralised, co-designed clinical trial is presented to support this approach. CONCLUSION Decentralising clinical trials could improve access to clinical trials, strengthen the social capital of rural communities and help address the health inequalities that exist between rural and metropolitan communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Walsh
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Whyalla, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pascale Dettwiller
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Whyalla, South Australia, Australia
- Department for Health and Wellbeing, SA Regional Clinical Trials Co-Ordinating Centre, Office for Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lee Puah
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Mount Barker, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Beks
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Jones
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, University of South Australia, Mount Barker, South Australia, Australia
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Ng MY, Olgin JE, Marcus GM, Lyles CR, Pletcher MJ. Email-Based Recruitment Into the Health eHeart Study: Cohort Analysis of Invited Eligible Patients. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e51238. [PMID: 38133910 PMCID: PMC10770794 DOI: 10.2196/51238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web- or app-based digital health studies allow for more efficient collection of health data for research. However, remote recruitment into digital health studies can enroll nonrepresentative study samples, hindering the robustness and generalizability of findings. Through the comprehensive evaluation of an email-based campaign on recruitment into the Health eHeart Study, we aim to uncover key sociodemographic and clinical factors that contribute to enrollment. OBJECTIVE This study sought to understand the factors related to participation, specifically regarding enrollment, in the Health eHeart Study as a result of a large-scale remote email recruitment campaign. METHODS We conducted a cohort analysis on all invited University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) patients to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors of enrollment into the Health eHeart Study. The primary outcome was enrollment, defined by account registration and consent into the Health eHeart Study. The email recruitment campaign was carried out from August 2015 to February 2016, with electronic health record data extracted between September 2019 and December 2019. RESULTS The email recruitment campaign delivered at least 1 email invitation to 93.5% (193,606/206,983) of all invited patients and yielded a 3.6% (7012/193,606) registration rate among contacted patients and an 84.1% (5899/7012) consent rate among registered patients. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models analyzed independent sociodemographic and clinical predictors of (1) registration among contacted participants and (2) consent among registered participants. Odds of registration were higher among patients who are older, women, non-Hispanic White, active patients with commercial insurance or Medicare, with a higher comorbidity burden, with congestive heart failure, and randomized to receive up to 2 recruitment emails. The odds of registration were lower among those with medical conditions such as dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, moderate or severe liver disease, paraplegia or hemiplegia, renal disease, or cancer. Odds of subsequent consent after initial registration were different, with an inverse trend of being lower among patients who are older and women. The odds of consent were also lower among those with peripheral vascular disease. However, the odds of consent remained higher among patients who were non-Hispanic White and those with commercial insurance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the potential returns on participant enrollment when digital health study teams invest resources in using email for recruitment. The findings show that participant enrollment was driven more strongly by sociodemographic factors than clinical factors. Overall, email is an extremely efficient means of recruiting participants from a large list into the Health eHeart Study. Despite some improvements in representation, the formulation of truly diverse studies will require additional resources and strategies to overcome persistent participation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelena Y Ng
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Olgin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gregory M Marcus
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Courtney R Lyles
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark J Pletcher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hensel B, Askins N, Ibarra E, Aristizabal C, Guzman I, Barahona R, Hazelton-Glenn B, Lee J, Zhang Z, Odedina F, Wilkie DJ, Stern MC, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Suther S, Webb F. Florida-California Cancer Health Equity Center (CaRE 2) Community Scientist Research Advocacy Program. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:1429-1439. [PMID: 37642919 PMCID: PMC10509126 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The Community Scientist Program (CSP), a model connecting researchers with community members, is effective to inform and involve the general population in health-related clinical research. Given the existing cancer disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations, more models describing how cancer-related CSPs are designed, implemented, and evaluated are needed. The Florida-California Cancer Research, Education and Engagement (CaRE2) Health Equity Center is a tri-institutional, bicoastal center created to eliminate cancer health disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations living in California and in Florida. The CaRE2 Center created a Community Scientist Research Advocacy (CSRA) training program for community members to become cancer research advocates. The CSRA program is currently a 13-week program conducted 100% virtually with all materials provided in English and Spanish for participants to learn more about prostate, lung, and pancreas cancers, ongoing research at CaRE2, and ways to share cancer research throughout their communities. Participants attend didactic lectures on cancer research during weeks 1-5. In week 4, participants join CSRA self-selected groups based on cancer-related topics of interest. Each group presents their cancer-related advocacy project developed during weeks 5-12 at the final session. In this paper, we describe the CaRE2 Health Equity Center's CSRA program, share results, and discuss opportunities for improvement in future program evaluation as well as replication of this model in other communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hensel
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - N Askins
- Department of Research and Graduate Programs, Florida State University, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - E Ibarra
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Aristizabal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Guzman
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R Barahona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Hazelton-Glenn
- Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F Odedina
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - D J Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Baezconde-Garbanati
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Suther
- Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - F Webb
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Mahoney ME, Sridhar SS. Clinical trial reform in the post-COVID era. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231183676. [PMID: 37431430 PMCID: PMC10331111 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231183676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated the acute and efficient rollout of telehealth and virtual health care around the world. This review article focuses on the adoption of virtual care in the management of oncology patients, and discusses how virtual care offers the potential for large-scale, positive impacts on access to clinical trials. Virtual care during and following the peak of the pandemic has been found to be both safe and efficacious for oncology patients. Features, such as wearable health technologies, remote monitoring, home visits, and investigations being done closer to home, represent just some of the strengths of the virtual assessment rollout that were successfully utilized. One of the primary criticisms of oncological clinical trials is that clinical trial participants are not always representative of the patient populations treated in routine practice. This is in part due to stringent inclusion criteria and more broadly pertains to a lack of access to clinical trials, many of which are geographic as most trials are conducted in an urban, academic, or 'centralized' center. This paper seeks to discuss the barriers to clinical trial participation and to propose that the virtual care transformation that occurred during the pandemic has equipped oncological clinicians and researchers with the tools to better address these obstacles. A review of the literature on the impact of the virtual care rollout during and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic both locally and abroad was conducted. It is proposed that improving patient access through the decentralization of clinical trials has the potential to enhance evidence-based, real-world data, and to produce generalizable trial results that ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Mahoney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Besser LM, Jimenez MP, Reimer CJ, Meyer OL, Mitsova D, George KM, Adkins-Jackson PB, Galvin JE. Diversity of Studies on Neighborhood Greenspace and Brain Health by Racialized/Ethnic Group and Geographic Region: A Rapid Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5666. [PMID: 37174185 PMCID: PMC10178609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining associations between greenspace and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) outcomes are rapidly on the rise, yet no known literature reviews have summarized the racialized/ethnic group and geographic variation of those published studies. This is a significant gap given the known disparities in both greenspace access and ADRD risk between racialized/ethnic groups and between developed versus developing countries. In this rapid literature review, we (1) describe the diversity of published greenspace-brain health studies with respect to racialized/ethnic groups and geographic regions; (2) determine the extent to which published studies have investigated racialized/ethnic group differences in associations; and (3) review methodological issues surrounding studies of racialized/ethnic group disparities in greenspace and brain health associations. Of the 57 papers meeting our inclusion criteria as of 4 March 2022, 21% (n = 12) explicitly identified and included individuals who were Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and/or Asian. Twenty-one percent of studies (n = 12) were conducted in developing countries (e.g., China, Dominican Republic, Mexico), and 7% (n = 4) examined racialized/ethnic group differences in greenspace-brain health associations. None of the studies were framed by health disparities, social/structural determinants of health, or related frameworks, despite the known differences in both greenspace availability/quality and dementia risk by racialized/ethnic group and geography. Studies are needed in developing countries and that directly investigate racialized/ethnic group disparities in greenspace-brain health associations to target and promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah M. Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33433, USA
| | - Marcia Pescador Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cameron J. Reimer
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Oanh L. Meyer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Diana Mitsova
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Kristen M. George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Paris B. Adkins-Jackson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33433, USA
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Barry D, Steinberg JR, Towner M, Barber EL, Simon M, Roque DR. Enrollment of Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Groups in Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Trials: A Review of the Scope of the Problem, Contributing Factors, and Strategies to Improve Inclusion. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 66:22-35. [PMID: 36657045 PMCID: PMC9869456 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Racial inequities are well-documented across the gynecologic oncology care continuum, including the representation of racial and ethnic minoritized groups (REMGs) in gynecologic oncology clinical trials. We specifically reviewed the scope of REMG disparities, contributing factors, and strategies to improve inclusion. We found systematic and progressively worsening under-enrollment of REMGs, particularly of Black and Latinx populations. In addition, race/ethnicity data reporting is poor, yet a prerequisite for accountability to recruitment goals. Trial participation barriers are multifactorial, and successful remediation likely requires multi-level strategies. More rigorous, transparent data on trial participants and effectiveness studies on REMG recruitment strategies are needed to improve enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Barry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jecca R Steinberg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Towner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Emma L Barber
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Melissa Simon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dario R Roque
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Grant SJ, Jansen M, Kuo TM, Rubinstein SM, Wildes TM, Tuchman SA, Muss HB, Lichtman EI, Charlot M. Cross-Sectional Analysis of Clinical Trial Availability and North Carolina Neighborhood Social Vulnerability. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e248-e262. [PMID: 36473128 PMCID: PMC9970296 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Residents of communities facing social vulnerability (eg, poverty) have limited access to clinical trials, leaving them susceptible to experiencing poor health outcomes. We examined the association between North Carolina county-level social vulnerability and available multiple myeloma (MM) trials. METHODS Using a novel data linkage between ClinicalTrials.gov, the 2019 American Community Survey, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index, we investigated at the county level (1) availability of MM trial sites and (2) the relationship between Social Vulnerability Index and MM trial site availability using logistic regression. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2021, 229 trials were registered across 462 nonunique trial sites in 34 counties. Nearly 50% of trial sites were in academic medical centers, 80% (n = 372) of all trials were industry-sponsored, 60% (n = 274) were early-phase, and 50% (n = 232) were for patients with relapsed or refractory MM. Counties with low as opposed to high poverty rates had six times greater odds of having ≥ 1 MM trial sites (odds ratio [OR], 5.60; 95% CI, 1.85 to 19.64; P = .004). Counties with the lowest percentage of Black Indigenous Persons of Color and non-native English speakers had 77% lower odds (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.69; P = .011) of having ≥ 1 trial sites. The effect remained significant after accounting for the presence of five academic medical centers (n = 95; OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.6; P = .008) and adjustment for metropolitan, suburban, or rural status (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.81; P = .025). CONCLUSION Counties with the lowest poverty rates had more MM trial sites, whereas those with the lowest percentage of Black Indigenous Persons of Color populations had fewer MM trial sites. Multilevel efforts are needed to improve the availability and access to trials for socially vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira J. Grant
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew Jansen
- University Libraries, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tzy-Mey Kuo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samuel M. Rubinstein
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tanya M. Wildes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Sascha A. Tuchman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hyman B. Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eben I. Lichtman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marjory Charlot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Tosur M, Gandolfo L, Balasubramanyam A, Naylor RN, Pollin TI, Rasouli N, Cromer SJ, Buse JB, Redondo MJ. Enrollment of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT). J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e47. [PMID: 36845305 PMCID: PMC9947614 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (URG) is rapidly increasing in incidence and has worse outcomes than diabetes in non-Hispanic White individuals. Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) established recruitment targets based on the racial and ethnic distribution of the USA to enroll a diverse study population. We examined participation of URG across RADIANT study stages and described strategies to enhance recruitment and retention of URG. Materials and Methods RADIANT is a multicenter NIH-funded study of people with uncharacterized forms of atypical diabetes. RADIANT participants consent online and progress through three sequential study stages, as eligible. Results We enrolled 601 participants with mean age 44 ± 16.8 years, 64.4% female. At Stage 1, 80.6% were White, 7.2% African American (AA), 12.2% other/more than one race, and 8.4% Hispanic. Enrollment of URG was significantly below preset targets across most stages. Referral sources differed by race (p < 0.001) but not ethnicity (p = 0.15). Most AA participants were referred by RADIANT investigators (58.5% vs. 24.5% in Whites), whereas flyers, news, social media, and family or friends were more frequent referral sources for White individuals (26.4% vs. 12.2% in AA). Ongoing initiatives to increase enrollment of URG in RADIANT include engaging with clinics/hospitals serving URG, screening electronic medical records, and providing culturally competent study coordination and targeted advertisement. Conclusions There is low participation of URG in RADIANT, potentially limiting the generalizability of its discoveries. Investigations into barriers and facilitators for recruitment and retention of URG in RADIANT, with implications for other studies, are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, The Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Gandolfo
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rochelle N. Naylor
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes, and Metabolism, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Toni I. Pollin
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Rasouli
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sara J. Cromer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B. Buse
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria J. Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Currier J, Arteaga I, Turner-Uaandja H, Starling B, Pashayan N, Jäderholm C, Ponce Campuzano C, Shannon J. Represent: A community engagement roadmap to improve participant representation in cancer early detection research: An Oregon case study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1110543. [PMID: 36935656 PMCID: PMC10020373 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While authentic and sustained community involvement in the research process is critically important to making new technologies and interventions effective and socially acceptable, there is uneven participation across sociodemographic, racial, and ethnic communities in many research areas, including cancer early detection research. Currently, 18% of cancer in the United States impacts Hispanics and Latinos, this population accounts for < 10% of research participants. Understanding barriers and facilitators to cancer early detection research is imperative to the ultimate success of this research. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: understand Hispanic and Latino community perspectives in participation in cancer early detection research; and identify sustainable and mutually beneficial approaches to community engagement and involvement. Methods The Oregon Case Study, led by Oregon Health & Science University's Community Outreach, Research and Engagement (CORE) in partnership with colleagues at Vocal, a partnership between Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester and Cambridge University, adopted a participatory research approach to better understand participation in cancer early detection research from the perspectives of Oregon's Hispanic and Latino community members. We implemented two evidence-based community engagement models, the Community Engagement Studio and the Community Readiness Assessment Model. Using a facilitated format prescribed by each community engagement model, community members helped us to answer two research questions: (1) What methods help us increase participation of underrepresented communities in cancer early detection research?; and (2) How can we build trust between researchers and underrepresented communities within cancer early detection research? Quantitative (i.e., descriptive statistic) and qualitative (i.e., thematic analysis) analytic methods were used to measure and assess community knowledge, leadership, beliefs, and resources regarding participation in cancer early detection research. Results A total of 36 Hispanic and Latino community members participated in the two community engagement models. We identified three emergent themes pertaining to participation in cancer early detection research that include: low-level awareness of cancer early detection research and opportunities for research participation, structural barriers to research participation, and uncertainty of the benefits of research participation. Conclusion Our approach, using two evidence-based community engagement models, yielded valuable insights about perceptions of research participation for Hispanic and Latino community members. These findings, synthesized into three key themes, led to actionable recommendations to increase research participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Currier
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Hannah Turner-Uaandja
- Vocal, Research & Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, in Partnership With University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bella Starling
- Vocal, Research & Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, in Partnership With University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Jäderholm
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Jackilen Shannon
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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10
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Chen A, Demaestri S, Schweiberger K, Sidani J, Wolynn R, Chaves-Gnecco D, Hernandez R, Rothenberger S, Mickievicz E, Cowden JD, Ragavan M. Inclusion of Non-English-Speaking Participants in Pediatric Health Research: A Review. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:81-88. [PMID: 36315130 PMCID: PMC10854994 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Importance The inclusion of non-English-speaking (NES) participants in pediatric research is an essential step to improving health equity for these populations. Although some studies have shown lack of progress in NES research participation in the past decade, few have examined NES inclusivity in pediatric research or details about the practices that researchers have used to communicate with NES participants. Objective To assess how frequently NES families were included in pediatric research, how rates of inclusion changed over time, what languages were included, and methodological details about oral and written communication with NES participants. Evidence Review In this review, all original investigation articles published in JAMA Pediatrics, Pediatrics, and The Journal of Pediatrics between January 2012 and November 2021 were screened. Eligible articles, which included those based in the US and with human participants, were reviewed to determine whether they included or excluded NES participants or whether or not there was specific mention of language. A second-round review was conducted on the subset of articles that included NES participants to determine methodological details (eg, languages included, type of study, region where the study was located, and oral and written communication practices with NES participants). Findings Of the 8142 articles screened, 5008 (62%) met inclusion criteria; of these, 469 (9%) included NES participants. The most common language was Spanish (350 [75%]); 145 articles (31%) reported non-English or other language without specification. A total of 230 articles (49%) reported the number of NES participants, and 61 (13%) specified the methods used to determine whether participants preferred a language other than English. In all, 101 (22%) and 136 (29%) articles specified how oral and written communication occurred with NES participants, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance This review of 3 pediatric journals provides preliminary evidence suggesting exclusion of NES communities from pediatric research from 2012 to 2021 and highlights an opportunity to provide more methodological detail about communication with NES participants. Best practices for improving inclusivity of NES participants are needed to guide researchers toward improved methods and more relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Chen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Kelsey Schweiberger
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jaime Sidani
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Riley Wolynn
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Diego Chaves-Gnecco
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raquel Hernandez
- Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Scott Rothenberger
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erin Mickievicz
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John D. Cowden
- Kansas City University; Kansas City, MO
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Maya Ragavan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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An evaluation of race-based representation among men participating in clinical trials for prostate cancer and erectile dysfunction. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 29:100986. [PMID: 36092973 PMCID: PMC9450121 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion of ethnic/racial minorities in clinical trials is essential to fully assess therapeutic efficacy. It is well-known that populations respond dissimilarly to interventions. Our objective is to analyze the inclusion of minority men in clinical trials for erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for the disease keyword: "Erectile Dysfunction" and used "Prostate Cancer" for comparison. Completed trials which reported demographic data were included for analysis. Literature was reviewed to determine the prevalence of ED and prostate cancer (PC) among Hispanic, Black, White, and Asian men. The proportion of individuals of each group that participated in trials is divided by the proportion of each group in the disease population to calculate the "Participation to Prevalence Ratio" (PPR). PPRs between 0.8 and 1.2 indicates adequate representation, <0.8 is under-representation and >1.2 is over-representation. Results A total of 312 trials were assessed: 289 for prostate cancer and 23 for ED. Hispanic men comprised 11.8% of ED trial participants and 4.6% of prostate cancer trial participants, yet represented 18% of ED patients and 7.3% of PC patients. Black/African-American (AA) men accounted for 10.2% of ED trial participants and 9.4% of PC trial participants, but comprise 16% of ED patients, and 16.3% of PC patients. Hispanic and AA men are under-represented in trials for ED and Prostate Cancer (Hispanic ED PPR = 0.66; Hispanic PC PPR = 0.63; AA ED PPR = 0.64; AA PC PPR = 0.58). Conclusion Our analysis shows that both Hispanic and AA men are underrepresented in both ED and PC clinical trials.
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Key Words
- AA, Black/African American
- Andrology
- CBPR, Community Based Participatory Research
- Clinical Trials
- Diversity
- ED, Erectile Dysfunction
- FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
- Generalizability
- Health equity
- ICD 10, International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NIH, United States National Institutes of Health
- PC, Prostate Cancer
- PPR, Participation to Prevalence Ratio
- RQ, Representation Quotients
- URM, Under-represented Minority
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12
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Gonzalo-Encabo P, Wilson RL, Kang DW, Norris MK, Uno H, Christopher CN, Chow C, Sami N, Fox FS, Ligibel JA, Dieli-Conwright CM. Reducing Metabolic Dysregulation in Obese Latina and/or Hispanic Breast Cancer Survivors Using Physical Activity (ROSA) Trial: A Study Protocol. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864844. [PMID: 35619910 PMCID: PMC9128380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latina and Hispanic breast cancer survivors (LHBCS) are at increased risk for long-term complications and poorer metabolic health, including metabolic dysregulation (MetD) before and following breast cancer diagnosis. MetD can increase risk of cancer recurrence, death, and comorbid conditions by increasing inflammation and cancer cell proliferation. While exercise improves physical fitness and metabolic outcomes in breast cancer survivors, there is a lack of studies including underrepresented and disadvantaged minority groups such as LHBCS. Methods Our 12-month randomized (exercise or attention control) controlled trial (the ROSA trial) aims to utilize a progressive combined aerobic and resistance exercise program to improve MetD, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity among obese LHBCS. We aim to recruit 160 women with Stage I-III breast cancer who are sedentary, centrally obese, and have completed treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) prior to enrollment. Participants randomized to the exercise group receive 16-weeks of virtually supervised aerobic and resistance training, followed by 16-weeks of unsupervised home-based aerobic and resistance exercise, and 16-weeks of follow-up. The attention control group receive a 12-month home-based stretching program. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured every 4-weeks during study visits. Discussion The ROSA trial is the first exercise oncology trial targeting high-risk sedentary, obese LHBCS to improve MetD-related outcomes. Results of this trial will help illuminate how exercise impacts health-related outcomes, survivorship, and recurrence, and inform future exercise oncology guidelines to reduce health disparities among minority cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebekah L Wilson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dong-Woo Kang
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K Norris
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hajime Uno
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cami N Christopher
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina Chow
- UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank S Fox
- Gerson Lehrman Group, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Breast Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Hyatt A, Lipson-Smith R, Gough K, Butow P, Jefford M, Hack TF, Hale S, Zucchi E, White S, Ozolins U, Schofield P. Including migrant oncology patients in research: A multisite pilot randomised controlled trial testing consultation audio-recordings and question prompt lists. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100932. [PMID: 35677588 PMCID: PMC9167883 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncology patients who are migrants or refugees face worse outcomes due to language and communication barriers impacting care. Interventions such as consultation audio-recordings and question prompt lists may prove beneficial in mediating communication challenges. However, designing robust research inclusive of patients who do not speak English is challenging. This study therefore aimed to: a) pilot test and assess the appropriateness of the proposed research design and methods for engaging migrant populations, and b) determine whether a multi-site RCT efficacy assessment of the communication intervention utilising these methods is feasible. Methods This study is a mixed-methods parallel-group, randomised controlled feasibility pilot trial. Feasibility outcomes comprised assessment of: i) screening and recruitment processes, ii) design and procedures, and iii) research time and costing. The communication intervention comprised audio-recordings of a key medical consultation with an interpreter, and question prompt lists and cancer information translated into Arabic, Greek, Traditional, and Simplified Chinese. Results Assessment of feasibility parameters revealed that despite barriers, methods utilised in this study supported the inclusion of migrant oncology patients in research. A future multi-site RCT efficacy assessment of the INFORM communication intervention using these methods is feasible if recommendations to strengthen screening and recruitment are adopted. Importantly, hiring of bilingual research assistants, and engagement with community and consumer advocates is essential. Early involvement of clinical and interpreting staff as key stakeholders is likewise recommended. Conclusion Results from this feasibility RCT help us better understand and overcome the challenges and misconceptions about including migrant patients in clinical research. Migrant oncology patients face worse health outcomes due to language barriers. Consultation recording and question prompt lists are effective communication interventions. Designing robust research methods which overcome language barriers is important and achievable. Engaging with community advocates and hiring of bilingual staff are research design strategies.
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14
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Advances in local therapy for glioblastoma - taking the fight to the tumour. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:221-236. [PMID: 35277681 PMCID: PMC10359969 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment-resistant CNS malignancies, and the tumour inevitably recurs. The majority of recurrences appear in or near the resection cavity, usually within the area that received the highest dose of radiation. Many new therapies focus on combatting these local recurrences by implementing treatments directly in or near the tumour bed. In this Review, we discuss the latest developments in local therapy for glioblastoma, focusing on recent preclinical and clinical trials. The approaches that we discuss include novel intraoperative techniques, various treatments of the surgical cavity, stereotactic injections directly into the tumour, and new developments in convection-enhanced delivery and intra-arterial treatments.
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15
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Ginossar T, Diaz Fuentes C, Oetzel J. Understanding Willingness to Participate in Cancer Clinical Trials Among Patients and Caregivers Attending a Minority-Serving Academic Cancer Center. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:179-187. [PMID: 32666504 PMCID: PMC10685662 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cancer treatment are impeded by low accrual rates of patients to cancer clinical trials (CCTs). The national rates of recruitment of underserved groups, including racial/ethnic minorities, are limiting the generalizability of research findings and are likely to enhance inequities in cancer outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine willingness to participate (WTP) in CCTs and factors associated with this willingness among patients and caregivers attending a minority-serving university cancer center in the Southwest. A cross-sectional survey design was utilized (n = 236, 135 patients and 101 caregivers). Fear was the strongest predictor of WTP in CCTs. The only ethnic differences observed related to Spanish-speaking patients exhibiting increased WTP in CCTs, and Spanish-speaking caregivers' decreased WTP, compared to others. These results underscore the importance of future interventions to reduce CCT-related fear among patients and caregivers, with particular need for family-focused tailored interventions designed to meet the needs of Spanish-speaking patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ginossar
- Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87103, USA.
| | | | - John Oetzel
- Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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16
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Wang WJ, Ramsey SD, Bennette CS, Bansal A. Racial Disparities in Access to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials: A County-Level Analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab093. [PMID: 35047752 PMCID: PMC8763363 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African American men have a higher burden of prostate cancer compared with other populations. We sought to determine if they experience disparities in access to prostate cancer clinical trials. Methods We created a database of all US counties by linking prostate cancer clinical trial data with county-level socioeconomic, demographic, and health-care facility data derived from several external data sources. Using this data linkage, we examined 2 potential access barriers. We investigated the relationship between the proportion of African Americans and access to cancer facilities, adjusting for county population size and other characteristics. Additionally, among counties with cancer facilities, we investigated the relationship between the proportion of African Americans and number of available prostate cancer trials per capita per year. We addressed these questions using logistic and negative binomial regression, respectively. Results Between 2008 and 2015, 613 prostate cancer trial sites were found among 3145 US counties. Counties with a higher proportion of African Americans were less likely to have cancer facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 0.92). Among counties with cancer facilities, those with a higher proportion of African Americans had statistically significantly fewer prostate cancer trials per capita per year (rate ratio per 10% increase in African Americans = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.83 to 0.96). Conclusions Counties with higher proportions of African Americans seem less likely to have access to cancer facilities. Among counties with cancer facilities, those with higher proportions of African Americans appear to have fewer prostate cancer trials available per capita per year. Clinical trials in prostate cancer therapy should ensure adequate availability of enrollment sites in regions with high concentrations of African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jhih Wang
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott David Ramsey
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caroline Savage Bennette
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Aasthaa Bansal
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Niranjan SJ, Wenzel JA, Martin MY, Fouad MN, Vickers SM, Konety BR, Durant RW. Perceived Institutional Barriers Among Clinical and Research Professionals: Minority Participation in Oncology Clinical Trials. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e666-e675. [PMID: 33974821 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In general, participation rates in cancer clinical trials are very low. However, participation rates are especially low among the socially disadvantaged and racial and ethnic minority groups. These groups have been historically under-represented in cancer clinical trials. Although many patient-related barriers have been studied, institutional factors that are essential for building clinical research infrastructure around the clinical trial enterprise in academic medical centers have been underexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed perspectives of cancer center professional stakeholders on the institutional factors that can potentially influence racial and ethnic minority recruitment for cancer clinical trials. Ninety-one qualitative interviews were conducted at five US cancer centers among four stakeholder groups: cancer center leaders, principal investigators, referring clinicians, and research staff. Qualitative analyses examined response data focused on institutional factors related to minority recruitment for cancer clinical trials. RESULTS Four prominent themes emerged regarding institutional barriers among clinical and research professionals. (1) There are no existing programs currently being used to recruit or retain minorities to clinical trials. (2) Institutional efforts are needed to increase trial participation and are not specific to potential minority participants. (3) Access to cancer clinical trials and navigation within an Academic Medical Center need to be simplified to better facilitate recruitment of minority patients. (4) Community outreach by cancer centers will increase clinical research awareness in the community. CONCLUSION Our research highlights the need to address institutional barriers to improve the success of minority recruitment. To increase participation among minority populations, medical centers must address mutable institutional barriers such as setting specific minority recruitment goals for cancer clinical trials, ensuring that cancer clinical trials are accessible, especially to minority patients, and supporting sustained community outreach programs to increase clinical research awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mona N Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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18
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MacDermid E, Pasch J, Fok KY, Pasch L, Premaratne C, Kotecha K, Barto W, El Khoury T. The effect of socioeconomic deprivation on presentation stage and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection in Western Sydney. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:1563-1568. [PMID: 34224200 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While socioeconomic deprivation has been shown to affect survival in colorectal cancer, other factors such as global region of birth and ethnicity also exert an effect. We wished to ascertain the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on stage of presentation and cancer survival in an ethnically diverse Australian population. METHODS Cases from a database of resections in Western Sydney (n = 1596) were stratified into cohorts of socioeconomic quintiles. Univariate analysis was used to compare demographics, AJCC stage and histopathological details between the least and most socioeconomically deprived groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing were used to compare cancer-specific and all-cause 5-year survival between the most deprived quintile and all others, after case-control matching for age and overseas birth. RESULTS A total of 322 (20.2%) patients from the most socioeconomically deprived centile, and 275 (17.2%) from the least were compared. The most deprived were significantly more likely to be aged under 70 (54.1% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.019), born overseas (54.3% vs. 38.6%, p = 0.003), present with stage III disease (37.4% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.005), perforated (12.5% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.005) or circumferential tumours (37% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in proportions presenting with metastatic disease, or 5-year survival between the most deprived quintile and all others after correction for age and foreign birth. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with unfavourable colorectal cancer presentation stage but not poorer 5-year survival in our Western Sydney population. The reasons for this are unclear and demand further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan MacDermid
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Pasch
- Department of Surgery, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kar Yin Fok
- Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lachlan Pasch
- School of Midwifery and Nursing, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chatika Premaratne
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krishna Kotecha
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Walid Barto
- Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toufic El Khoury
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Milani SA, Swain M, Otufowora A, Cottler LB, Striley CW. Willingness to Participate in Health Research Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter? J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:773-782. [PMID: 32808194 PMCID: PMC7431111 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults, including racial and ethnic minorities, are underrepresented in research. As the US population ages, the number of older racial and ethnic minority individuals will increase. Including these individuals in research is an important step towards reducing health disparities. METHODS We used data from HealthStreet, a University of Florida community engagement program which uses community health workers to assess the health of the community, to assess willingness to participate in different types of health research by race/ethnicity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to assess willingness to participate among adults aged 50 and older, by race/ethnicity (n = 4694). RESULTS Our sample was 42.0% non-Hispanic White, 52.8% non-Hispanic Black, and 5.2% Hispanic. Non-Hispanic White participants reported more past research participation than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants (28.7% vs. 19.0% and 19.2%, respectively). Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, non-Hispanic Black participants were less willing to participate in most types of studies, while Hispanic participants were less willing to participate in studies that might be seen as invasive (required blood sample, genetic sample, or participants to take medicine, or use of medical equipment). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides investigators with a general profile of research preferences by race/ethnicity; compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black individuals are less willing to participate in most studies, while Hispanic individuals are less willing to participate in studies that may be seen as invasive or demanding. It is imperative to include diverse older adults in health research. By tailoring research based on preferences we can improve recruitment in underrepresented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Sealy Center on Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0177, USA.
| | - Michael Swain
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ayodeji Otufowora
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine W Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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20
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Levin HI, Egger D, Andres L, Johnson M, Bearman SK, de Barbaro K. Sensing everyday activity: Parent perceptions and feasibility. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 62:101511. [PMID: 33465730 PMCID: PMC9128842 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mobile and wearable sensors provide a unique opportunity to capture the daily activities and interactions that shape developmental trajectories, with potential to revolutionize the study of development (de Barbaro, 2019). However, developmental research employing sensors is still in its infancy, and parents' comfort using these devices is uncertain. This exploratory report assesses parent willingness to participate in sensor studies via a nationally representative survey (N = 210) and live recruitment of a low-income, minority population for an ongoing study (N = 359). The survey allowed us to assess how protocol design influences acceptability, including various options for devices and datastream resolution, conditions of data sharing, and feedback. By contrast, our recruitment data provided insight into parents' true willingness to participate in a sensor study, with a protocol including 72 h of continuous audio, motion, and physiological data. Our results indicate that parents are relatively conservative when considering participation in sensing studies. However, nearly 41 % of surveyed parents reported that they would be at least somewhat willing to participate in studies with audio or video recordings, 26 % were willing or extremely willing, and 14 % reported being extremely willing. These results roughly paralleled our recruitment results, where 58 % of parents indicated interest, 29 % of parents scheduled to participate, and 10 % ultimately participated. Additionally, 70 % of caregivers stated their reason for not participating in the study was due to barriers unrelated to sensing while about 25 % noted barriers due to either privacy concerns or the physical sensors themselves. Parents' willingness to collect sensitive datastreams increased if data stayed within the household for individual use only, are shared anonymously with researchers, or if parents receive feedback from devices. Overall, our findings suggest that given the correct circumstances, mobile sensors are a feasible and promising tool for characterizing children's daily interactions and their role in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah I Levin
- School of Communication, Northwestern University, United States.
| | - Dominique Egger
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Lara Andres
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Mckensey Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Sarah Kate Bearman
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Kaya de Barbaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
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21
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Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Healthcare Efficiency among Emerging Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 9:healthcare9010031. [PMID: 33396384 PMCID: PMC7823461 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors, including inefficient utilization of healthcare resources have been attributed to the poor health outcome. The study aims to compare the efficiency of health expenses and its determining factors in the emerging economies based on their income levels. Data for the study is extracted from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators for 21 countries covering the period of 2000 to 2018. Analysis of the research involves two stages. Stage one computes the efficiency scores, whereas second stage examines factors affecting health efficiency by employing the Tobit regression and Simar-Wilson regression test to confirm the results. The Tobit result shows that research and development (R&D) and physicians enhanced health efficiency at the main panel, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Corruption remained negative with education showing mixed results. The interaction between research and development and physicians increases health efficiency in all the panels. Health research must be a policy focus if efficiency is to be achieved by the emerging economies.
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Ali N, Ullah A, Shah M, Ali A, Khan SA, Shakoor A, Begum A, Ahmad S. School role in improving parenting skills and academic performance of secondary schools students in Pakistan. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05443. [PMID: 33225093 PMCID: PMC7662842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This research investigated the association between school role in improving parenting skills and the academic performance of secondary school students. And to examine the role of student gender, literacy status of the parents and parental importance to children education in the association between school role in improving parenting skills and students' academic performance. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling technique was adopted to portray information from 448 students on a Likert scale. Chi-square, Kendall's Tau-c tests were used to determine the direction and strength of association among variables. Results The results depicted that the association of children's academic performance was found significant (P = 0.000) and positive (Tau-c = 0.215) with school capacitating parents how to monitor and discuss schoolwork at home with children, assisting parents in setting academic goals for children (P = 0.000, Tau-c = 0.225). Moreover, the respondent's gender, parent literacy status and parental importance to children's education explained variation in the association between school role in improving parenting skills and children's academic performance. Conclusions The school role in improving parenting skills significantly and positively contributed to children's academic performance. Moreover, boys, children of literate parents and children whose parents give more importance to their education with school active role in improving parenting skills were more liable to score higher grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayab Ali
- Department of Rural Sociology, Agriculture University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Rural Sociology, Agriculture University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mussawar Shah
- Department of Rural Sociology, Agriculture University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ali Khan
- Department of International Relation, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- Department of International Relation, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amreena Begum
- Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Rural Sociology, Agriculture University Peshawar, Pakistan
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23
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Establishment of a bladder cancer cell line expressing both mesenchymal and epithelial lineage-associated markers. Hum Cell 2020; 34:675-687. [PMID: 33165868 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental models including patient biopsies, animal models, and cell lines have been recommended to study the mechanism of bladder cancer development. After several passages in culture, cell lines lose some original features, and no longer resemble the cells of their original tumor. This makes it necessary to establish various cell lines. In an attempt to establish a new cell line for bladder cancer, JAM-ICR (RRID: CVCL_A9QB) was derived from a 64-year-old man diagnosed with a high-grade tumor. This cell line was characterized in multiple experiments involving morphological studies, immunophenotyping (by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), karyotyping, short tandem repeat analysis, colony-forming assays, migration and invasion assays, and chemosensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. JAM-ICR cells are pale with an irregular polygonal shape, and show some similarities to mesenchymal stem cells but with a wider shape and shorter arms. Phenotypic assessment demonstrated the simultaneous expression of mesenchymal-(vimentin, desmin, CD29, CD90, and CD106) and epithelial lineage (pan-cytokeratin) markers, which supports a phenotype similar to epithelial-mesenchymal transition for this cell line. JAM-ICR displayed high metastatic potential and stem-like properties, i.e., self-renewal, colony forming, and the coexpression of TRA-1 with CD44 and CD166. Furthermore, this cell line was significantly more resistant to doxorubicin in comparison to the 5637 cell line. These features make JAM-ICR a new bladder cancer cell line with metastatic potential and stem-like properties, which may be potentially useful as a model to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of bladder cancer pathogenesis or evaluate new drugs.
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24
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Smith AB, Niu AY, Descallar J, Delaney GP, Wu VS, Agar MR, Girgis A. Clinical trials knowledge and attitudes of Vietnamese- and Anglo-Australian cancer patients: A cross-sectional study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 16:e242-e251. [PMID: 32779349 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Low participation in cancer clinical trials by culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients limits access to cutting-edge treatments and generalizability of results. This is the first study exploring trials knowledge/attitudes and their association with trial participation in Vietnamese- and Anglo-Australian cancer patients. METHODS Eligible patients diagnosed with cancer in the past 10 years were invited to complete a self-report questionnaire comprising validated measures of: trials knowledge and attitudes, preferred information amount, preferred decision-making involvement, health literacy, and past and future (i.e. hypothetical) trial participation. Multivariable linear regression evaluated correlates of trials knowledge/attitudes. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the relationship between trials knowledge/attitudes and possible future trial participation. RESULTS Vietnamese-Australian participants (n = 50) had more negative attitudes regarding trials than Anglo-Australians (n = 100; B = -9.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.60 to -0.97; P = 0.029), but similar knowledge (B = -0.91; 95% CI, -2.27 to 0.44; P = 0.18). Future trial participation was associated with positive attitudes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12; P < 0.001) and greater knowledge (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62; P = 0.02), but not Vietnamese background (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.27-3.32; P = 0.93). CONCLUSION Despite poorer attitudes regarding trials in Vietnamese-Australians, Vietnamese background was not associated with less likely future trial participation, suggesting low trial participation by CALD patients may be more due to opportunity barriers. Improving knowledge and attitudes may increase trial participation generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan B Smith
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Y Niu
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Descallar
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff P Delaney
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Verena S Wu
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Meera R Agar
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Clinical Trials Unit, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Afaf Girgis
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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25
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Grayson S, Doerr M, Yu JH. Developing pathways for community-led research with big data: a content analysis of stakeholder interviews. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:76. [PMID: 32641140 PMCID: PMC7346420 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big data (BD) informs nearly every aspect of our lives and, in health research, is the foundation for basic discovery and its tailored translation into healthcare. Yet, as new data resources and citizen/patient-led science movements offer sites of innovation, segments of the population with the lowest health status are least likely to engage in BD research either as intentional data contributors or as 'citizen/community scientists'. Progress is being made to include a more diverse spectrum of research participants in datasets and to encourage inclusive and collaborative engagement in research through community-based participatory research approaches, citizen/patient-led research pilots and incremental research policy changes. However, additional evidence-based policies are needed at the organisational, community and national levels to strengthen capacity-building and widespread adoption of these approaches to ensure that the translation of research is effectively used to improve health and health equity. The aims of this study are to capture uses of BD ('use cases') from the perspectives of community leaders and to identify needs and barriers for enabling community-led BD science. METHODS We conducted a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured key informant interviews with 16 community leaders. RESULTS Based on our analysis findings, we developed a BD Engagement Model illustrating the pathways and various forces for and against community engagement in BD research. CONCLUSIONS The goal of our Model is to promote concrete, transparent dialogue between communities and researchers about barriers and facilitators of authentic community-engaged BD research. Findings from this study will inform the subsequent phases of a multi-phased project with the ultimate aims of organising fundable frameworks and identifying policy options to support BD projects within community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Grayson
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 Third Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98121, United States of America
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Megan Doerr
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 Third Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98121, United States of America.
| | - Joon-Ho Yu
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States of America
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26
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Phelps GA, Qiao Y, Buckley MG, Wang J, Li MS, Bhuyan SS, Chisholm-Burns MA. Effects of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on racial and ethnic disparities in statin treatment among diabetics. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:544-552. [PMID: 31371234 PMCID: PMC6981043 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant racial and ethnic disparities in statin prescribing and utilization have been constantly documented. OBJECTIVE To examine whether racial/ethnic disparities in statin treatment have decreased among the diabetic population after the release of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed patients with diabetes aged 40-75 years old in the Medicare Expenditure Panel Survey (2011-2012 and 2014-2015). Racial and ethnic disparities in the likelihood of statin use and number of statin prescriptions were compared before and after the guideline release. Logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to adjust for patient characteristics. A difference-in-difference model (DID) was used to examine disparity changes. RESULTS This study included 2584 patients from 2011 to 2012 and 2610 from 2014 to 2015. During 2011-2012, racial/ethnic disparities were significant for the likelihood of statin use. For the number of statin prescriptions, racial disparity was significant, but not for the ethnic disparity. During 2014-2015, racial/ethnic disparities were significant for the likelihood of statin use but were not significant for the number of statin prescriptions. The DID model found that the 2013 guidelines were not associated with a reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in statin treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study found persistent disparities in the likelihood of statin use. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines were not associated with a reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Phelps
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yanru Qiao
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Merrion G Buckley
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Junling Wang
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Minghui Sam Li
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Soumitra S Bhuyan
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Rm 255, New Brunswick, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Marie A Chisholm-Burns
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Ilori TO, Viera E, Wilson J, Moreno F, Menon U, Ehiri J, Peterson R, Vemulapalli T, StimsonRiahi SC, Rosales C, Calhoun E, Sokan A, Karnes JH, Reiman E, Ojo A, Theodorou A, Ojo T. Approach to High Volume Enrollment in Clinical Research: Experiences from an All of Us Research Program Site. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:685-692. [PMID: 32004412 PMCID: PMC7359931 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and cohort studies are required to meet target recruitment of study participants within stipulated timelines, especially when the priority is to include populations traditionally unrepresented in biomedical research. By the third quarter of 2019, the University of Arizona‐Banner Health Provider Organization (UA‐Banner HPO) has enrolled > 30,000 core participants into the All of Us Research Program (AoURP), the research cohort of the Precision Medicine Initiative. The majority of enrolled participants meet the criteria for individuals under‐represented in biomedical research. The enrollment goals were calculated based on a target of 20,000 as set by the National Institutes of Health and our health provider organization achieved enrollment numbers between 17% and 86% above the targeted daily enrollment. We evaluated enrollment methods and challenges to enrollments encountered by the UA‐Banner Health Provider Organization into the AoURP. Challenges to enrollment centered around the need for high‐touch engagement methods, time investment necessary for stakeholder inclusion, and the use of purely digital enrollment methods especially in populations under‐represented in biomedical research. These challenges occurred at the level of the individual, provider, institutions, and community, and cumulatively impacted participant enrollment. Successful strategies for engagement and enrollment leveraged provider partners as advocates for the program. For high‐volume enrollment in clinical research, it is important to engage leaders in the healthcare setting, patient providers, and tailor engagement and enrollment to potential participant needs. We emphasize the need for precision engagement and enrollment methods tailored to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo O Ilori
- Renal Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Viera
- Division of Public Health Practice and Translational Research, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jillian Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Francisco Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John Ehiri
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Tejo Vemulapalli
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sara C StimsonRiahi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Division of Public Health Practice and Translational Research, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elizabeth Calhoun
- Division of Community, Environment, and Policy of the UA Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Amanda Sokan
- Division of Public Health Practice and Translational Research, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason H Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Akinlolu Ojo
- Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Andreas Theodorou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Banner University Medical Group, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tammy Ojo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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28
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Fisher ER, Pratt R, Esch R, Kocher M, Wilson K, Lee W, Zierhut HA. The role of race and ethnicity in views toward and participation in genetic studies and precision medicine research in the United States: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1099. [PMID: 31867882 PMCID: PMC7005620 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States are consistently underrepresented in genetic research. Large-scale public participation is required to ensure discoveries from precision medicine research are applicable to everyone. To evaluate views toward and facilitators of participation among minority populations in the United States, we conducted a systematic review of literature. METHODS Six databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2018 assessing minority populations' views and/or willingness to participate in genetic research. A thematic framework was applied to extracted data to synthesize findings, and the Socio-Ecological Model was used to evaluate papers. RESULTS Review of 2,229 titles and abstracts identified 27 papers (n = 8 qualitative, n = 19 quantitative). Themes included knowledge of genetics, engagement in research, facilitators and barriers to participation, and cultural considerations. Understanding of genetics was low, yet the majority of participants were willing to participate in genetic research among all populations included in the literature (range: 57%-97%). Recommendations for research included utilizing community-based participatory approaches, evaluating participants' informational needs, incentivizing participation, and providing direct benefits (e.g., genetic test results). CONCLUSION Results could influence future study designs that incorporate all levels of the Socio-Ecological Model and better meet the needs of underrepresented groups, thereby ensuring precision medicine research findings are applicable to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Fisher
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebekah Pratt
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Riley Esch
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan Kocher
- University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katie Wilson
- University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Whiwon Lee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather A Zierhut
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kalb L, Jacobson L, Zisman C, Mahone E, Landa R, Azad G, Menon D, Singh V, Zabel A, Pritchard A. Interest in Research Participation Among Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3786-3797. [PMID: 31172337 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine caregiver agreement to hear about local research opportunities by joining a clinical research registry. Data from this cross-sectional study were gathered, between 2014 and 2017, across two outpatient clinics: (1) a multidisciplinary Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) clinic (N = 5228) and (2) a general psychology clinic serving youth with, or at risk for, a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD; N = 5040). Overall, more than 8 in 10 caregivers agreed to join the registry. Several child clinical characteristics, as well as racial and sociodemographic factors, were predictive of parental agreement. Findings suggest caregivers of youth with ASD and NDD are amenable to joining the local research enterprise, however further work is needed to understand why some caregivers decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kalb
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - L Jacobson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - C Zisman
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - E Mahone
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - R Landa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - G Azad
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - D Menon
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - V Singh
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - A Zabel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - A Pritchard
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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30
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Sweiss K, Oh A, Calip GS, Rondelli D, Patel P. Superior Survival in African American Patients Who Underwent Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:e506-e511. [PMID: 31231013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND African American (AA) individuals have a twofold higher incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) compared with other racial groups. Outcomes are affected by factors such as disparate access to care as well as differences in disease biology. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single-institution analysis to evaluate the effect of AA race on outcomes of MM patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the pre-novel and novel agent era. RESULTS Sixty-one (47%) patients were AA and 69 (53%) were non-AA. Overall, 78 (60%) patients received any novel agent before transplantation and 52 (40%) received only chemotherapy. More non-AA patients received initial induction with a proteasome inhibitor (40 [60%] vs. 17 [28%]; P = .0007), and were treated with post-ASCT maintenance therapy (28 [41%] vs. 14 [23%]; P = .04). Time from diagnosis to ASCT in AA patients was 10 (range, 4-144) versus 8 (range, 3-54) months in non-AA patients (P = .01). Despite this, treatment-free survival (TFS) was equivalent between the 2 groups (x vs. y). Furthermore, AA patients had greater median overall survival (OS) compared with non-AA patients (not reached vs. 108 months; P = .03) and significantly improved OS in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.81; P = .017). Median OS, landmarked at the time of relapse, was improved in AA patients (not reached vs. 68 months for P = .05). CONCLUSION Our study showed with long follow-up, equivalent TFS after ASCT in AA and non-AA patients yet improved OS. Post relapse survival is improved in AA patients suggesting a better response to salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sweiss
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Annie Oh
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gregory S Calip
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Damiano Rondelli
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Pritesh Patel
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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31
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John EM, Sangaramoorthy M, Koo J, Whittemore AS, West DW. Enrollment and biospecimen collection in a multiethnic family cohort: the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:395-408. [PMID: 30835011 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Racial/ethnic minorities are often assumed to be less willing to participate in and provide biospecimens for biomedical research. We examined racial/ethnic differences in enrollment of women with breast cancer (probands) and their first-degree relatives in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry from 1996 to 2011. METHODS We evaluated participation in several study components, including biospecimen collection, for probands and relatives by race/ethnicity, cancer history, and other factors. RESULTS Of 4,780 eligible probands, 76% enrolled in the family registry by completing the family history and risk factor questionnaires and 68% also provided a blood or mouthwash sample. Enrollment was highest (81%) for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and intermediate (73-76%) for Hispanics, African Americans, and all Asian American subgroups, except Filipina women (66%). Of 4,279 eligible relatives, 77% enrolled in the family registry, and 65% also provided a biospecimen sample. Enrollment was highest for NHWs (87%) and lowest for Chinese (68%) and Filipinas (67%). Among those enrolled, biospecimen collection rates were similar for NHW, Hispanic, and African American women, both for probands (92-95%) and relatives (82-87%), but lower for some Asian-American subgroups (probands: 72-88%; relatives: 71-88%), foreign-born Asian Americans, and probands those who were more recent immigrants or had low English language proficiency. CONCLUSIONS These results show that racial/ethnic minority populations are willing to provide biospecimen samples for research, although some Asian American subgroups in particular may need more directed recruitment methods. To address long-standing and well-documented cancer health disparities, minority populations need equal opportunities to contribute to biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250C, Stanford, CA, 94304-5769, USA.
| | | | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University of School of Medicine, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dee W West
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Fête M, Aho J, Benoit M, Cloos P, Ridde V. Barriers and recruitment strategies for precarious status migrants in Montreal, Canada. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30808301 PMCID: PMC6390306 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precarious status migrants are a group of persons who are vulnerable, heterogeneous, and often suspicious of research teams. They are underrepresented in population-based research projects, and strategies to recruit them are described exclusively in terms of a single cultural group. We analyzed the recruitment strategies implemented during a research project aimed at understanding precarious status migrants' health status and healthcare access in Montreal, Canada. The research sample consisted of 854 persons recruited from a variety of ethnocultural communities between June 2016 and September 2017. This article analyzes the strategies implemented by the research team to respond to the challenges of that recruitment, and assess the effectiveness of those strategies. Based on the results, we share the lessons learned with a view to increasing precarious status migrants' representation in research. METHOD A mixed sequential design was used to combine qualitative data gathered from members of the research team at a reflexive workshop (n = 16) and in individual interviews (n = 15) with qualitative and quantitative data collected using the conceptual mapping method (n = 10). RESULTS The research team encountered challenges in implementing the strategies, related to the identification of the target population, the establishment of community partnerships, and suspicion on the part of the individuals approached. The combination of a venue-based sampling method, a communications strategy, and the snowball sampling method was key to the recruitment. Linking people with resources that could help them was useful in obtaining their effective and non-instrumental participation in the study. Creating a diverse and multicultural team helped build trust with participants. However, the strategy of matching the ethnocultural identity of the interviewer with that of the respondent was not systematically effective. CONCLUSION The interviewers' experience and their understanding of the issue are important factors to take into consideration in future research. More over, the development of a community resource guide tailored to the needs of participants should be major components of any research project targeting migrants. Finally, strategies should be implemented as the result of a continuous reflexive process among all members of the research team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Fête
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Josephine Aho
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Magalie Benoit
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Cloos
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valéry Ridde
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
- French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development (IRD), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- Fellow de l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
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Niranjan SJ, Durant RW, Wenzel JA, Cook ED, Fouad MN, Vickers SM, Konety BR, Rutland SB, Simoni ZR, Martin MY. Training Needs of Clinical and Research Professionals to Optimize Minority Recruitment and Retention in Cancer Clinical Trials. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:26-34. [PMID: 28776305 PMCID: PMC5797508 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of disparities in minority recruitment to cancer clinical trials has focused primarily on inquiries among minority patient populations. However, clinical trial recruitment is complex and requires a broader appreciation of the multiple factors that influence minority participation. One area that has received little attention is minority recruitment training for professionals who assume various roles in the clinical trial recruitment process. Therefore, we assessed the perspectives of cancer center clinical and research personnel on their training and education needs toward minority recruitment for cancer clinical trials. Ninety-one qualitative interviews were conducted at five U.S. cancer centers among four stakeholder groups: cancer center leaders, principal investigators, referring clinicians, and research staff. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative analyses focused on response data related to training for minority recruitment for cancer clinical trials. Four prominent themes were identified: (1) Research personnel are not currently being trained to focus on recruitment and retention of minority populations; (2) Training for minority recruitment and retention provides for a specific focus on factors influencing minority research participation; (3) Training on cultural awareness may help to bridge cultural gaps between potential minority participants and research professionals; (4) Views differ regarding the importance of research personnel training designed to focus on recruitment of minority populations. There is a lack of systematic training for minority recruitment. Many stakeholders acknowledged the benefits of minority recruitment training and welcomed training that focuses on increasing cultural awareness to increase the participation of minorities in cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elise D Cook
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Mona N Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Y Martin
- Center for Innovation in Health Equity Research (CIHER): A Community Cancer Alliance for Transformative Change, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 467 Doctors Office Building, 66 North Pauline Street, Memphis, TN, 381632181, USA.
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Tsai GJ, Garrett LT, Makhnoon S, Bowen DJ, Burke W, Shirts BH. Patient goals, motivations, and attitudes in a patient-driven variant reclassification study. J Genet Couns 2018; 28:558-569. [PMID: 31163102 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Family studies to reclassify clinically ascertained variants of uncertain significance (VUS) can impact risk assessment, medical management, and psychological outcomes for patients and their families. There are limited avenues for patients and their families to actively participate in VUS reclassification, and access to family studies at most commercial laboratories is restricted by multiple factors. To explore patient attitudes about participation in family studies for VUS reclassification, we conducted semistructured pre- and post-participation telephone interviews with 38 participants in a family-based VUS reclassification study that utilized a patient-driven approach for family ascertainment and recruitment. Participants had VUS from multigene panel testing performed at multiple clinical laboratories for cancer or other disease risk. Inductive thematic analysis of transcribed interviews highlighted four major themes: (a) Participants' study goals were driven by the desire to resolve uncertainty related to the VUS, (b) Participants had mixed reactions to the VUS reclassification outcomes of the study, (c) Personal, public, and familial knowledge increased through study participation and (d) Participants used study participation to actively cope with the uncertainty of a VUS. As personalized genomic medicine becomes more prevalent, clinicians, clinical laboratories, and researchers could consider creating more opportunities for active partnership with patients and families, who are motivated to contribute data to familial VUS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger J Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sukh Makhnoon
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah J Bowen
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wylie Burke
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian H Shirts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kelpin SS, Ondersma SJ, Weaver M, Svikis DS. Representativeness of patients enrolled in a primary care clinical trial for heavy/problem substance use. Subst Abus 2018; 39:469-475. [PMID: 30373488 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1526843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which participants in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) resemble their broader target groups is of particular concern when studying stigmatized conditions such as substance use disorders (SUDs). The present study compared patients who enrolled in a 4-arm clinical trial of SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) with eligible patients who declined study participation. METHODS Participants (N = 1338) were primary care patients who anonymously completed a computer-delivered health survey and screened positive for heavy/problem alcohol or drug use. Those who consented to the RCT (n = 713) were compared with those who declined (n = 625) on a variety of demographic, substance use, and psychosocial characteristics. Variables significant at P < .20 in univariate analyses were then examined using multivariate logistic regression to determine their combined effect. RESULTS The sample was 60% female and 76% African American, with a mean age of 45.2 years. Patients who consented to participate differed from those who declined on 34 (60%) of the 57 variables studied. The most parsimonious model by multivariate regression found that those who consented were older, more likely to be unemployed, and more likely to endorse prescription drug misuse, problems related to drug use, family history of alcohol problems, trouble falling asleep, and a health professional recommendation to lose weight. CONCLUSION Patients consenting to the RCT reported a greater number and more severe psychosocial and mental health problems than those who declined study participation. If the higher level of risk among study participants was found in other studies as well, it would raise questions regarding the generalizability of RCT results to broader clinic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney S Kelpin
- a Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Steven J Ondersma
- b Merrill-Palmer Skillman Institute and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- d Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Dace S Svikis
- a Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.,e Institute for Women's Health , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
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Staples JN, Lester J, Li A, Walsh C, Cass I, Karlan BY, Bresee C, Rimel BJ. Language as a barrier to cancer clinical trial accrual: assessing consenting team knowledge and practices for cancer clinical trial consent among low English fluency patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-018-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Understanding Mental Health: What Are the Issues for Black and Ethnic Minority Students at University? SOCIAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci7100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities continue to experience inequalities within the United Kingdom (UK) mental health system despite major government policy initiatives. Access to higher education for many ethnic minorities remains problematic. Within higher education, BME students consistently face barriers in terms of accessing culturally appropriate services including a lack of cultural understanding, communication issues, and where and how to seek help. This paper attempts to address the problems facing ethnic minorities with regard to accessing mental health services at university. Importantly, this paper highlights that barriers to accessing mental health support for ethnic minorities directly impact upon attainment outcomes and psychological well-being. This study utilizes the narratives of 32 BME university students to examine the impact of negotiating racial inequality and discrimination at university and the impact upon mental health. Aspects examined considered the impact of belonging, isolation, and marginalization on mental health and how this consequently affects university participation for BME students. Utilizing a thematic analysis paradigm, the key findings presented point towards differential healthcare outcomes for ethnic minority university students experiencing mental illness. The empirical findings in this paper suggest that currently ethnic minority service users experience overt discrimination and a lack of access to culturally appropriate services that are cognizant of the racialized plights faced by BME individuals. These findings inform an overarching dialogue, which suggests that mental health service providers need to work more collegially with people from BME communities prior to service design and delivery. Furthermore, the findings suggest that, upon presenting mental health issues, information should be made available in appropriate languages for ethnic minorities to support understanding about their illnesses and how they can seek professional intervention and help. Conclusions and recommendations provided advocate greater diversification of mental health support systems for ethnic minority students within universities. Conclusions drawn will also consider how existing systems can function to dismantle racial inequality within the mental health profession.
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Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Indacochea A, García-Cárdenas JM, Zambrano AK, Cabrera-Andrade A, Guevara-Ramírez P, González DA, Leone PE, Paz-Y-Miño C. Analysis of Racial/Ethnic Representation in Select Basic and Applied Cancer Research Studies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13978. [PMID: 30228363 PMCID: PMC6143551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, consistent studies have shown that race/ethnicity have a great impact on cancer incidence, survival, drug response, molecular pathways and epigenetics. Despite the influence of race/ethnicity in cancer outcomes and its impact in health care quality, a comprehensive understanding of racial/ethnic inclusion in oncological research has never been addressed. We therefore explored the racial/ethnic composition of samples/individuals included in fundamental (patient-derived oncological models, biobanks and genomics) and applied cancer research studies (clinical trials). Regarding patient-derived oncological models (n = 794), 48.3% have no records on their donor's race/ethnicity, the rest were isolated from White (37.5%), Asian (10%), African American (3.8%) and Hispanic (0.4%) donors. Biobanks (n = 8,293) hold specimens from unknown (24.56%), White (59.03%), African American (11.05%), Asian (4.12%) and other individuals (1.24%). Genomic projects (n = 6,765,447) include samples from unknown (0.6%), White (91.1%), Asian (5.6%), African American (1.7%), Hispanic (0.5%) and other populations (0.5%). Concerning clinical trials (n = 89,212), no racial/ethnic registries were found in 66.95% of participants, and records were mainly obtained from Whites (25.94%), Asians (4.97%), African Americans (1.08%), Hispanics (0.16%) and other minorities (0.9%). Thus, two tendencies were observed across oncological studies: lack of racial/ethnic information and overrepresentation of Caucasian/White samples/individuals. These results clearly indicate a need to diversify oncological studies to other populations along with novel strategies to enhanced race/ethnicity data recording and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Research Group-VHIR- Vall d' Hebron Institut de Recerca-Vall d' Hebron Hospital, P/de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennyfer M García-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue de los Granados, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue de los Granados, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Abigail González
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre and Mariana de Jesús, Block I, 2nd floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
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Temkin SM, Rimel BJ, Bruegl AS, Gunderson CC, Beavis AL, Doll KM. A contemporary framework of health equity applied to gynecologic cancer care: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology evidenced-based review. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:70-77. [PMID: 29605053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities are defined as the preventable difference in the burden of disease, injury, and violence, or opportunity to achieve optimal health that socially disadvantaged populations experience compared to the population as a whole. Disparities in incidence and cancer outcomes for women with gynecologic malignancies have been well described particularly for American women of Black race. The etiology of these disparities has been tied to socio-economics, cultural, educational and genetic factors. While access to high quality treatment has been primarily linked to survival from cervical and ovarian cancer, innate biologic distinctions have been principally cited as reasons for differences in incidence and mortality in cancers of the uterine corpus. This article will update the framework of disparities to incorporate a broader understanding of the social determinants of health and how they affect health equity by addressing the root causes of disparities within the health care system. Special populations are identified who are at risk for health inequities which include but are not limited to Black race, underserved racial and ethnic minorities (e.g. indigenous peoples, low English fluency), trans/gender nonconforming people and rural populations. Each of these populations at risk have unique structural barriers within the healthcare system impacting gynecologic cancer outcomes. The authors provide practical recommendations for practitioners aimed at eliminating cancer related outcome disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Temkin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B J Rimel
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Camille C Gunderson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK, USA
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McElfish PA, Long CR, Selig JP, Rowland B, Purvis RS, James L, Holland A, Felix HC, Narcisse MR. Health Research Participation, Opportunity, and Willingness Among Minority and Rural Communities of Arkansas. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:487-497. [PMID: 29772113 PMCID: PMC6132365 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research suggests that rural and minority communities participate in research at lower rates. While rural and minority populations are often cited as being underrepresented in research, population‐based studies on health research participation have not been conducted. This study used questions added to the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to understand factors associated with i) health research participation, ii) opportunities to participate in health research, and iii) willingness to participate in health research from a representative sample (n = 5,256) of adults in Arkansas. Among all respondents, 45.5% would be willing to participate in health research if provided the opportunity and 22.1% were undecided. Only 32.4% stated that they would not be willing to participate in health research. There was no significant difference in participation rates for rural or racial/ethnic minority communities. Furthermore, racial/ethnic minority respondents (Black or Hispanic) were more likely to express their willingness to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - James P Selig
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rachel S Purvis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura James
- Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Angel Holland
- College of Health Professions, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Holly C Felix
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marie-Rachelle Narcisse
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Valera P, Lian Z, Brotzman L, Reid A. Fatalistic Cancer Beliefs and Information Seeking in Formerly Incarcerated African-American and Hispanic Men: Implications for Cancer Health Communication and Research. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:576-584. [PMID: 28278604 PMCID: PMC5623655 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1283564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
African-American and Hispanic men are disproportionately affected by cancer experiencing higher rates of cancer-related morbidity and mortality for many cancers (but not all). These challenges may be magnified for a subpopulation of African-American and Hispanic men who have been incarcerated. A survey assessing demographics, incarceration experience, psychosocial, behavioral, and cancer health information seeking was administered to 230 previously incarcerated men aged 35 years and older. Data analysis was performed to assess the association between fatalism, perceived susceptibility, and health information seeking in this population. This study revealed the following: the majority of the participants (68.7%) held the fatalistic belief: "When I think of cancer, I automatically think of death." Second, the fatalistic belief, "There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer," is more prevalent among those who perceived a higher risk of developing cancer. Third, older participants (those between 55 and 70 years old) and widowed are less likely to think of death when they think of cancer. In addition, those who use the Internet to look for health or medical information (i.e., engaging in health information seeking) are less likely to agree with the fatalistic belief: "It seems like everything causes cancer." Given the high incidence of certain cancers among African-American and Hispanic men and the vulnerability of those involved in the criminal justice system, our findings highlight the importance of understanding perceived susceptibility to cancer, fatalistic beliefs about cancer, and information seeking in formerly incarcerated men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Valera
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions and Services Research
- Department of Psychiatry, New York School of Medicine
| | - Zi Lian
- Teachers College, Columbia University
| | - Laura Brotzman
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Andrea Reid
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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Erves JC, Mayo-Gamble TL, Malin-Fair A, Boyer A, Joosten Y, Vaughn YC, Sherden L, Luther P, Miller S, Wilkins CH. Needs, Priorities, and Recommendations for Engaging Underrepresented Populations in Clinical Research: A Community Perspective. J Community Health 2018; 42:472-480. [PMID: 27812847 PMCID: PMC5408035 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Engaging underrepresented groups in outcomes research is a public health priority for reducing health and health care disparities; yet, engaging these groups is challenging. Failure to involve these underrepresented populations in research further exacerbates these disparities. This article presents the health and research priorities of diverse groups of underrepresented populations in biomedical research, their concerns for participating in research, and strategies to engage them in their healthcare and research studies. Eleven community listening sessions, ranging from 7 to 13 community members each (N = 117), representing racial/ethnic minority, economically disadvantaged (e.g., uninsured), and hearing impaired communities. We used an inductive, qualitative content analysis approach to analyze the data for emerging themes. We identified the following themes: Uncertainties of underrepresented populations regarding research participation; Ineffective communication about research opportunities and research findings; Research on primary care and prevention are priorities for underrepresented populations in research; and Research teams need training in cultural competence and humility. Underrepresented groups provided research priorities, concerns, and strategies to engage them in their healthcare and in research studies. Findings from this study could facilitate improvement of research participation among underrepresented groups, ultimately reducing health disparities and improving quality of life among groups commonly omitted from research recruitment and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Alecia Malin-Fair
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical Translational Research (VICTR), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Alaina Boyer
- National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yvonne Joosten
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Yolanda C Vaughn
- Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Lisa Sherden
- Johns Hopkins Center to Reduce Cancer Disparities, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | - Stephania Miller
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Consuelo H Wilkins
- Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., BioMedical Building, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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The Feasibility of Recruiting and Retaining Perinatal Latinas in a Biomedical Study Exploring Neuroendocrine Function and Postpartum Depression. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 18:1115-1123. [PMID: 26976007 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of enrolling and retaining perinatal immigrant and U.S.-born Latinas in a laboratory-based study that includes the collection of biomarkers implicated in the development of postpartum depression. This prospective study followed Latinas from third trimester of pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and interviewed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. Demographic information, depression status and breastfeeding practices were ascertained using validated Spanish- and English-measures. Blood samples were collected at the 8-week postpartum laboratory visit during infant feeding and pain testing. Feasibility was demonstrated with 85 % retention of the original 34 prenatal women enrolled in the study. The majority (88 %) of women enrolled attended the 8-week laboratory visit regardless of depression status. This is the first study to demonstrate feasibility of enrolling and retaining depressed and nondepressed perinatal immigrant and U.S.-born Latinas in biomedical research.
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Kurt A, Kincaid H, Semler L, Jacoby JL, Johnson MB, Careyva BA, Stello B, Friel T, Smulian JC, Knouse MC. Impact of Race Versus Education and Race Versus Income on Patients' Motivation to Participate in Clinical Trials. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 5:1042-1051. [PMID: 29280106 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our study investigates whether levels of motivation and barriers to participation in clinical trials vary with patients' education and income. A self-administered survey asked outpatients to rank potential influential factors on a "0" to "4" significance scale for their motivation to participate in clinical trials. Principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests analyzed the impact of race, education, and income on their motivation to participate. Analysis included 1841 surveys; most respondents had a high school education or some college, and listed annual income < $30,000. There was a significant interaction between race and income on our motivation scale 1 scores (p = .0261). Compared with their counterparts, subjects with less education/lower income ranked monetary compensation (p = .0420 and p < .0001, respectively) as a higher motivator. Minorities and patients with less education and lower income appear to be more influenced by their desire to please the doctor, the race and sex of the doctor, and the language spoken by the doctor being the same as theirs. For all races, education appeared to have a direct relationship with motivation to participate, except for African-Americans, whose motivation appeared to decline with more education. Income appeared to have an inverse relationship with motivation to participate for all races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kurt
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA.
- LVHN-Muhlenberg, Emergency Medicine Research, 4th Floor, South Wing, 2545 Schoenersville Road, Bethlehem, PA, 18107, USA.
| | - Hope Kincaid
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Lauren Semler
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Jeanne L Jacoby
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Melanie B Johnson
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Beth A Careyva
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Brian Stello
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Timothy Friel
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - John C Smulian
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Mark C Knouse
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Cedar Crest Boulevard and I-78, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
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Graham LA, Ngwa J, Ntekim O, Ogunlana O, Wolday S, Johnson S, Johnson M, Castor C, Fungwe TV, Obisesan TO. Best strategies to recruit and enroll elderly Blacks into clinical and biomedical research. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 13:43-50. [PMID: 29317809 PMCID: PMC5743176 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, Blacks have been disproportionately underrepresented in clinical trials. Outcomes associated with low Blacks’ participation in research include poor understanding of the predictors and treatment of the disease, increasing health disparities, poor health equity, and suboptimal wellness of the nation as a whole. To address this gap in research participation, we analyzed our recruitment data to identify the most effective strategies for enrolling older Blacks in clinical trials. Methods Data used in these analyses were obtained from 3,266 potential volunteers, ages 50 or older, who completed a Mini-Mental State Exam as part of recruitment and screening for various clinical studies on Alzheimer’s disease. In order to determine the most effective strategies for engaging Blacks in clinical research, we used tests of proportion to assess significant differences in recruitment sources, counts, and percentages for optimal recruitment strategies by gender. Finally, we employed regression analyses to confirm our findings. Results Of the total 3,266 screened, 2,830 Black volunteers were identified for further analysis. Overall, more women than men (73.8% vs 26.2%) participated in our recruitment activities. However, a significantly higher proportion of men than women were engaged through family (3.86% vs 1.30%, p=0.0004) and referral sources (5.89% vs 2.59%, p=0.0005). Compared to other sources for recruitment, we encountered a higher proportion of volunteers at health fairs (42.95%), and through advertisements (14.97%). In our sample, years of education and age did not appear to influence the likelihood of an encounter, screening, and potential participation. Conclusion Our findings indicate Black men and women in our sample were predominantly recruited from health fairs and through advertisements tailored to their health needs and interests. Conversely, we mostly engaged Black men through family referrals and persons known to them, indicating a need for trust in their decision to engage study personnel and/or participate in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennox A Graham
- Department of Health Management, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julius Ngwa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oyonumo Ntekim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oludolapo Ogunlana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Teaching Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Saba Wolday
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Teaching Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Teaching Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chimene Castor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas V Fungwe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas O Obisesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Teaching Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Engler-Stringer R, Schaefer J, Ridalls T, Muhajarine N. Lessons Learned From a Food Environment Intervention Study: Recruitment and Retention of Participants in Disadvantaged Urban Inner-City Neighborhoods. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 45:473-479. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198117740612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing health inequities have led to calls for population health intervention research that can contribute to improving the health of marginalized populations, but conducting research with these communities can be challenging. When research aims to examine and understand an aspect of health in a population characterized as hard-to-reach or marginalized, recruitment techniques appear to have a significant impact on participation and sample retention in longitudinal studies. We examine and comment on the recruitment and retention techniques used in the Good Food, Healthy Families study conducted in low-income, inner-city neighborhoods in a midsized Canadian city; we hope that this will inform recruitment and retention approaches for population health intervention studies in similar populations. It is a responsibility of researchers who wish to engage with population health interventions that have the potential to improve health equity to gather information in ways that are respectful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Ridalls
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Kurt A, Kincaid HM, Curtis C, Semler L, Meyers M, Johnson M, Careyva BA, Stello B, Friel TJ, Knouse MC, Smulian JC, Jacoby JL. Factors Influencing Participation in Clinical Trials: Emergency Medicine vs. Other Specialties. West J Emerg Med 2017; 18:846-855. [PMID: 28874936 PMCID: PMC5576620 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2017.5.33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated factors that influence emergency medicine (EM) patients’ decisions to participate in clinical trials and whether the impact of these factors differs from those of other medical specialties. Methods A survey was distributed in EM, family medicine (FM), infectious disease (ID), and obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) outpatient waiting areas. Eligibility criteria included those who were 18 years of age or older, active patients on the day of the survey, and able to complete the survey without assistance. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and ordinal logistic regression analyses to identify differences in participants’ responses. Results A total of 2,893 eligible subjects were approached, and we included 1,841 surveys in the final analysis. Statistically significant differences (p≤0.009) were found for eight of the ten motivating factors between EM and one or more of the other specialties. Regardless of a patient’s gender, race, and education, the relationship with their doctor was more motivating to patients seen in other specialties than to EM patients (FM [odds ratio {OR}:1.752, 95% confidence interval {CI}{1.285–2.389}], ID [OR:3.281, 95% CI{2.293–4.695}], and OB/GYN [OR:2.408, 95% CI{1.741–3.330}]). EM’s rankings of “how well the research was explained” and whether “the knowledge learned would benefit others” as their top two motivating factors were similar across other specialties. All nine barriers showed statistically significant differences (p≤0.008) between EM and one or more other specialties. Participants from all specialties indicated “risk of unknown side effects” as their strongest barrier. Regardless of the patients’ race, “time commitment” was considered to be more of a barrier to other specialties when compared to EM (FM [OR:1.613, 95% CI{1.218–2.136}], ID [OR:1.340, 95% CI{1.006–1.784}], or OB/GYN [OR:1.901, 95% CI{1.431–2.526}]). Among the six resources assessed that help patients decide whether to participate in a clinical trial, only one scored statistically significantly different for EM (p<0.001). EM patients ranked “having all material provided in my own language” as the most helpful resource. Conclusion There are significant differences between EM patients and those of other specialties in the factors that influence their participation in clinical trials. Providing material in the patient’s own language, explaining the study well, and elucidating how their participation might benefit others in the future may help to improve enrollment in EM-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kurt
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine Research, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Hope M Kincaid
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Network Office of Research and Innovation, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Charity Curtis
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Network Office of Research and Innovation, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Semler
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine Research, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Meyers
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine Research, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie Johnson
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Family Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Beth A Careyva
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Family Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Stello
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Family Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Friel
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark C Knouse
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - John C Smulian
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanne L Jacoby
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine Research, Allentown, Pennsylvania
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Yang L, Chen Y, Yu C, Shen B. Biobanks and Their Clinical Application and Informatics Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 939:241-257. [PMID: 27807750 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1503-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Biobanks are one of the most important biomedical research resources and contribute to the development of biomarker detection, molecular diagnosis, translational medicine, and multidisciplinary disease research, as well as studies of interactions between genetic and environmental or lifestyle factors. Aiming for the wide clinical application of biobanks, biobanking efforts have recently switched from a focus on accumulating samples to both formalizing and sustaining collections in light of the rapid progress in the fields of personalized medicine and bioinformatics analysis. With the emergence of novel molecular diagnostic technologies, although the bioinformatics platform of biobanks ensures reliable bioinformatics analysis of patient samples, there are a series of challenges facing biobanks in terms of the overall harmonization of policies, integrated processes, and local informatics solutions across the network. Further, there is a controversy regarding the increased role of ethical boards, governance, and accreditation bodies in ensuring that collected samples have sufficient informatics capabilities to be used in biobanks. In this volume, we present a selection of current issues on the inevitable challenges of the clinical application of biobanks in informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, 206, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, 206, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Services Outsourcing, No. 99 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, 206, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Cottler LB, Striley CW, Elliott AL, Zulich AE, Kwiatkowski E, Nelson D. Pragmatic trial of a Study Navigator Model (NAU) vs. Ambassador Model (N+) to increase enrollment to health research among community members who use illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 175:146-150. [PMID: 28419890 PMCID: PMC5494831 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although drug use is common in the population, drug users are sometimes excluded from research without justification. Two models of individualized study matching were compared for effectiveness in enrolling people who "endorsed current drug use" and those who "did not" into appropriate research. METHODS Participants in the NIDA-funded Transformative Approach to Reduce Research Disparities Towards Drug Users study (Navigation Study) were recruited through a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) community engagement model. Of the 614 community-recruited adults, 326 endorsed current drug use (cases); 288 did not (controls). Participants were randomized to one of two intervention groups: Navigation as Usual (NAU) [individualized study matching through a Study Navigator] or Enhanced Navigation (N+) [individualized study matching plus transportation and other assistance through an Ambassador]. Rates of enrollment into research studies were compared. RESULTS At 90 days, N+ vs. the NAU intervention was associated with higher enrollment among both drug users (36.0% N+ vs. 24.9% NAU) and non-drug users (45.5% N+ vs. 25.2% NAU). NAU attained the same rate of enrollment for users of drugs (24.9%) and non-users (25.2%); N+ had similar rates as well (36.0% drug users vs. 45.5% non-drug users). In addition, high rates of enrollment were achieved among all groups of participants, from 24.9% (drug users in NAU) to 45.5% (non-drug users in N+). CONCLUSIONS Both the NAU and N+ methods can reduce barriers and help users and non-users become part of the population that participates in research. Working with the local CTSA adds significant value to the research enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda B. Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Catherine W. Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Amy L. Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Abigail E. Zulich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Evan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - David Nelson
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100219, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Lynce F, Graves KD, Jandorf L, Ricker C, Castro E, Moreno L, Augusto B, Fejerman L, Vadaparampil ST. Genomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Among Latinas. Cancer Control 2017; 23:359-372. [PMID: 27842325 DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among Latinas in the United States and the leading cause of cancer-related death among this population. Latinas tend to be diagnosed at a later stage and have worse prognostic features than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Genetic and genomic factors may contribute to observed breast cancer health disparities in Latinas. METHODS We provide a landscape of our current understanding and the existing gaps that need to be filled across the cancer prevention and control continuum. RESULTS We summarize available data on mutations in high and moderate penetrance genes for inherited risk of breast cancer and the associated literature on disparities in awareness of and uptake of genetic counseling and testing in Latina populations. We also discuss common genetic polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer in Latinas. In the treatment setting, we examine tumor genomics and pharmacogenomics in Latina patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS As the US population continues to diversify, extending genetic and genomic research into this underserved and understudied population is critical. By understanding the risk of breast cancer among ethnically diverse populations, we will be better positioned to make treatment advancements for earlier stages of cancer, identify more effective and ideally less toxic treatment regimens, and increase rates of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lynce
- Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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