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Zhang M, Gan X, Fang Y, Song X, Li Q, Huang B. Intestinal flora influences the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage by affecting peripheral and central inflammatory pathways. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149032. [PMID: 38806092 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a debilitating condition that leaves survivors with neurological disability for the rest of their lives. No effective treatment for early brain injury (EBI) has been developed. Gut microbiome (GM) impact the host immune system and can influence disease processes in several organs, including the brain. However, it remains unclear whether the GM has an impact on the outcome of SAH brain injury. Here, we wondered whether microbiota could relieve the injury. We changed the microbiota of 8-week-old male rats by administering antibiotic-containing water for 2 weeks. Composition of the GM was profiled by using 16S rRNA. We induced SAH by puncture the internal carotid artery of control rats and rats with altered GM. Additionally, we studied inflammatory cells using HE stains, Intestinal lymphocyte flow cytometry, and Neuroinflammatory factor WB. SAH was significantly averted by alterations in GM using antibiotics. The altered GM significantly increased the intestinal and intracranial inflammation after SAH. This was manifested by Mosin (MSN) inflammatory cytokines. Our findings demonstrated that the brain injury following SAH is associated with GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
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Pei L, Hou Y, Feng Y, Li F, Su H, Zhang Y, Song Y, Liu K, Cao G. Equine β-defensin 1 regulates cytokine expression and phagocytosis in S. aureus-infected mouse monocyte macrophages via the Paxillin-FAK-PI3K pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110793. [PMID: 37582311 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
β-defensin-1 (BD-1) is a rich source of disulfide bonds and antibacterial peptides that exhibit direct bactericidal function. The expression of BD-1 is primarily induced by external stimulation and is known to correlate with TLR-mediated inflammation, suggesting its association with innate immune responses. Equine β-defensin-1 (eBD-1) belongs to the BD-1 family. Our previous study demonstrated that eBD-1 enhances cytokine expression and promotes macrophage phagocytosis of S. aureus, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we utilized a PI-3K inhibitor (PKI-402) to treat eBD-1 -treated S. aureus-infected macrophages in vitro. Our results revealed that PKI-402 decreased the expression of eBD-1-promoted TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, CD40, RANTES, and p65 mRNA. To further investigate the relationship between eBD-1 and phagocytosis, we examined the expression of paxillin and FcγRIII (CD16 receptor) using western blot and immunofluorescence techniques. Our findings demonstrated that eBD-1 enhanced CD16 and paxillin expression in S. aureus -infected macrophages. Considering the correlation between paxillin expression and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), we transfected FAK siRNA into macrophages and evaluated paxillin expression using western blot analysis. Additionally, we quantified the number of S. aureus phagocytosed by macrophages. The results indicated a reduction in both paxillin expression and the number of S. aureus phagocytosed by macrophages upon FAK siRNA treatment. Our study showed the eBD-1 promotes cytokine mRNA expression in S. aureus-infected macrophages regulated by PI-3K-NF-κB pathway, and it increases macrophage phagocytosis of S. aureus associated with the FAK-paxillin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Pei
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China
| | - Yongyue Hou
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China
| | - Feng Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China
| | - Hong Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China
| | - Yue Song
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 010013, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Public Healthy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China.
| | - Guifang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China.
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Xu Q, Shi M, Ding L, Xia Y, Luo L, Lu X, Zhang X, Deng DYB. High expression of P-selectin induces neutrophil extracellular traps via the PSGL-1/Syk/Ca 2+/PAD4 pathway to exacerbate acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265344. [PMID: 37841279 PMCID: PMC10568494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is involved in the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) but the mechanisms controlling NETs formation in AP are not fully understood. Therefore, our study sought to investigate the mechanism of the highly expressed P-selectin stimulating the formation of NETs in AP. Methods NETs formation was detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and cf-DNA and MPO-DNA complexes were measured as biomarkers of NETs formation. Neutrophils treated with P-selectin and pharmacological inhibitors were examined by western blot, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Mouse model of AP was established by caerulein and the effect of inhibiting P-selectin by PSI-697 on the level of NETs and PAD4 in pancreatic tissue was observed. The severity of AP was evaluated by histopathological score and the detection of serum amylase and lipase. Results Patients with AP had elevated levels of NETs and P-selectin compared with healthy volunteers. Stimulation of P-selectin up-regulated the expression of PSGL-1, increased the phosphorylation of Syk, mediated intracellular calcium signal and led to the activation and expression of PAD4, which modulated NETs formation in neutrophils. Pretreament with PSI-697 blunted NETs formation and PAD4 expression in the pancreatic tissue, and ameliorated the severity of AP in mice. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that P-selectin induces NETs through PSGL-1 and its downstream Syk/Ca2+/PAD4 signaling pathway, and that targeting this pathway might be a promising strategy for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Health Management Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Y. B. Deng
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Muñoz-Callejas A, González-Sánchez E, Silván J, San Antonio E, González-Tajuelo R, Ramos-Manzano A, Sánchez-Abad I, González-Alvaro I, García-Pérez J, Tomero EG, de Vicuña RG, Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Castañeda S, Urzainqui A. Low P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Expression in Neutrophils Associates with Disease Activity and Deregulated NET Formation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076144. [PMID: 37047117 PMCID: PMC10093849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the generation of anti-DNA autoantibodies due to exposure of immune cells to excessive amounts of extracellular DNA. Lack of P-selectin in mice induces the development of a lupus-like syndrome and patients with cutaneous lupus have reduced P-selectin expression in skin vessels. Using flow cytometry we analyzed in healthy donors and patients the expression of P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in circulating neutrophils and the implication of PSGL-1/P-selectin interaction in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) generation. We found a statistical significance that neutrophils from active SLE patients have a reduced expression of PSGL-1 and low levels of PSGL-1 in neutrophils from SLE patients associated with the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies, clinical lung involvement, Raynaud's phenomenon, and positive lupus anticoagulant. PSGL-1 is present along the DNA in the NET. In healthy donors, neutrophil interaction with immobilized P-selectin triggers Syk activation, increases the NETs percentage and reduces the amount of DNA extruded in the NETs. In active SLE patients, neutrophil interaction with P-selectin does not activate Syk or reduce the amount of DNA extruded in the NETs, that might contribute to increase the extracellular level of DNA and hence, to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Silván
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther San Antonio
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael González-Tajuelo
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ramos-Manzano
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Sánchez-Abad
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Alvaro
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Pulmonology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva G Tomero
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario García de Vicuña
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther F Vicente-Rabaneda
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Catedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Interactions between Platelets and Tumor Microenvironment Components in Ovarian Cancer and Their Implications for Treatment and Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041282. [PMID: 36831623 PMCID: PMC9953912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, the primary operatives of hemostasis that contribute to blood coagulation and wound healing after blood vessel injury, are also involved in pathological conditions, including cancer. Malignancy-associated thrombosis is common in ovarian cancer patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Platelets extravasate into the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer and interact with cancer cells and non-cancerous elements. Ovarian cancer cells also activate platelets. The communication between activated platelets, cancer cells, and the tumor microenvironment is via various platelet membrane proteins or mediators released through degranulation or the secretion of microvesicles from platelets. These interactions trigger signaling cascades in tumors that promote ovarian cancer progression, metastasis, and neoangiogenesis. This review discusses how interactions between platelets, cancer cells, cancer stem cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment influence ovarian cancer progression. It also presents novel potential therapeutic approaches toward this gynecological cancer.
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Sun X, Huang B, Pan Y, Fang J, Wang H, Ji Y, Ling Y, Guo P, Lin J, Li Q, Fang Y, Wu J. Spatiotemporal characteristics of P-selectin-induced β 2 integrin activation of human neutrophils under flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023865. [PMID: 36439190 PMCID: PMC9692129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of integrins is crucial for recruitment of flowing leukocytes to inflammatory or injured vascular sites, but their spatiotemporal characteristics are incompletely understood. We discovered that β2-integrin activation over the entire surface of neutrophils on immobilized P-selectin occurred via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or non-MAPK signaling with a minute-level timescale in a force-dependent manner. In flow, MAPK signaling required intracellular Ca2+ release to activate integrin within 2 min. Integrin activation via non-MAPK signaling occurred first locally in the vicinity of ligated P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) within sub-seconds, and then over the entire cell surface within 1 min in an extracellular Ca2+ influx-dependent manner. The transition from a local (but rapid) to global (but slow) activation mode was triggered by ligating the freshly activated integrin. Lipid rafts, moesin, actin, and talin were involved in non-MAPK signaling. Fluid loads had a slight effect on local integrin activation with a second-level timescale, but served as enhancers of global integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Sun
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hefeng Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Ji
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchen Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Guo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quhuan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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González-Sánchez E, Muñoz-Callejas A, Gómez-Román J, San Antonio E, Marengo A, Tsapis N, Bohne-Japiassu K, González-Tajuelo R, Pereda S, García-Pérez J, Cavagna L, González-Gay MÁ, Vicente-Rabaneda E, Meloni F, Fattal E, Castañeda S, Urzainqui A. Everolimus targeted nanotherapy reduces inflammation and fibrosis in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) developed by PSGL-1 deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4534-4548. [PMID: 35726496 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and current therapies available are of low efficacy or high toxicity. Thus, the identification of innovative less toxic and high efficacy therapeutic approaches to ILD treatment is a crucial point. P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) interaction with P-selectin initiates leukocyte extravasation and the lack of its expression brings to SSc-like syndrome with high incidence of ILD in aged mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aged PSGL-1-/- mice were used to assay the therapeutic efficacy of an innovative nanotherapy with everolimus (Ev), included in liposomes decorated with high MW hyaluronic acid (LipHA+Ev) and administrated intratracheally to specifically target CD44-expressing lung cells. KEY RESULTS PSGL-1-/- mice had increased number of CD45+ and CD45- cells, including alveolar and interstitial macrophages, eosinophils, granulocytes and NK cells, and elevated number of myofibroblasts in broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). CD45+ and CD45- cells expressing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines were also increased. PSGL-1-/- mice lung histopathology showed increased immune cell infiltration and apoptosis and exacerbated interstitial and peribronchial fibrosis. Targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev reduced BAL number of myofibroblast, cells producing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and the degree of lung inflammation at histology. LipHA+Ev treatment also provided an important decrease in severity of peribronchial and interstitial lung fibrosis from moderate to mild injury score. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our preclinical study in PSGL-1-/- mice indicates that targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev represents an effective treatment for SSc-ILD, reducing the number of inflammatory and fibrotic cells in BAL and reducing inflammation and fibrosis in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Román
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Esther San Antonio
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Marengo
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kamila Bohne-Japiassu
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rafael González-Tajuelo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray Pereda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Pneumology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Rheumatology Department, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Vicente-Rabaneda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federica Meloni
- Internal Medicine Department, Pneumology Division, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation and Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Cathedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ding N, Li P, Li H, Lei Y, Zhang Z. The ROCK-ezrin signaling pathway mediates LPS-induced cytokine production in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35551614 PMCID: PMC9097379 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are members of the protein 4.1 superfamily and function as linkers that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane of cells. ERM also play critical role in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. However, the signaling mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of the rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) pathway in LPS-induced ezrin phosphorylation and cytokine production in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. METHODS Cultured A549 and HPAEpiC cells were treated with LPS. The expression and localization of ezrin in A549 and HPAEpiC cells were then analyzed by western blotting and immunoflurescence. Activation of RhoA/ROCK was assessed by western blotting and RhoA activity assays. The interaction of ezrin with Syk and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/IL-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by western blotting. ELISA and western blotting were performed to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release into the culture supernatant, and cellular HMGB1 levels. RESULTS LPS induced ezrin phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The blockade of RhoA/ROCK inhibited LPS-induced ezrin phosphorylation and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that ezrin associated with Syk constitutively, but only associated with MyD88/IRAK-1 upon LPS challenge. Moreover, LPS-induced p38 and nuclear NF-κB activation was found to be ezrin dependent. The suppression of ezrin by siRNA or the blockade of ROCK activation with Y-27632 reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and HMGB1 in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving ezrin in the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and highlight the importance of the RhoA/ROCK-ezrin/Syk-MyD88/IRAK1 axis. Data presented in this manuscript provide novel insights into the signaling pathways activated in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells by LPS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
| | - Pibao Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Zengzhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
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9
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Cappenberg A, Kardell M, Zarbock A. Selectin-Mediated Signaling-Shedding Light on the Regulation of Integrin Activity in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081310. [PMID: 35455989 PMCID: PMC9025114 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of tissue injury or infection, neutrophils are recruited in a stepwise recruitment process from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissue. Selectins are a family of adhesion molecules comprised of L-, E-, and P-selectin. Differences in expression patterns, protein structure, and ligand binding characteristics mediate distinct functions of each selectin. Interactions of selectins and their counter-receptors mediate the first contact of neutrophils with the endothelium, as well as subsequent neutrophil rolling along the endothelial surface. For efficient neutrophil recruitment, activation of β2-integrins on the cell surface is essential. Integrin activation can be elicited via selectin- as well as chemokine-mediated inside-out signaling resulting in integrin conformational changes and clustering. Dysregulation of selectin-induced integrin activation on neutrophils is involved in the development of severe pathological disease conditions including leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndromes in humans. Here, we review molecular mechanisms involved in selectin-mediated signaling pathways in neutrophils and their impact on integrin activation, neutrophil recruitment, and inflammatory diseases.
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10
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DeRogatis JM, Viramontes KM, Neubert EN, Henriquez ML, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Tinoco R. Targeting the PSGL-1 Immune Checkpoint Promotes Immunity to PD-1 Resistant Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:612-625. [PMID: 35303066 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had impressive efficacy in some cancer patients, reinvigorating long-term durable immune responses against tumors. Despite the clinical success of these therapies, most cancer patients continue to be unresponsive to these treatments, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic options. Although P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been shown to inhibit immune responses in a variety of disease models, previous work has yet to address whether PSGL-1 can be targeted therapeutically to promote antitumor immunity. Using an aggressive melanoma tumor model, we targeted PSGL-1 in tumor-bearing mice and found increased effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumors. T cells exhibited increased effector function, activation, and proliferation, which delayed tumor growth in mice after anti-PSGL-1 treatment. Targeting PD-1 in PSGL-1-deficient, tumor-bearing mice led to an increased frequency of mice with complete tumor eradication. Targeting both PSGL-1 and PD-1 in wild-type tumor-bearing mice also showed enhanced anti-tumor immunity and slowed melanoma tumor growth. Our findings showed that therapeutically targeting the PSGL-1 immune checkpoint can reinvigorate anti-tumor immunity and suggest that targeting PSGL-1 may represent a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Tinoco
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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11
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Dangelmaier C, Vari HR, Wright M, Kostyak JC, Kunapuli SP. Clustering extent-dependent differential signaling by CLEC-2 receptors in platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12710. [PMID: 35573643 PMCID: PMC9074038 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-type lectin receptor family members play a role in many cells including platelets, where they are crucial in the separation of lymphatic and blood vessels during development. The C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) receptor contains the canonical intracellular hemITAM motif through which it signals to activate Syk. Objectives One proposed hypothesis for signaling cascade is that Syk bridges two receptors through phosphorylated hemITAM motifs. We demonstrated that the phosphorylated hemITAM stimulates PI3 kinase/Btk pathways to activate Syk. To address this controversy, we used a CLEC-2 selective agonist and studied the role of Btk in platelet activation. Results and Conclusions Platelet activation and downstream signaling were abolished in murine and human platelets in the presence of the Btk inhibitors ibrutinib or acalabrutinib when a low concentration of a CLEC-2 antibody was used to crosslink CLEC-2 receptors. This inhibition was overcome by increasing concentrations of the CLEC-2 antibody. Similar results were obtained in X-linked immunodeficient mouse platelets, with an inactivating mutation in Btk or in Lyn null platelets. We conclude that at low crosslinking conditions of CLEC-2, Btk plays an important role in the activation of Syk, but at higher crosslinking conditions their role becomes less important and other mechanisms take over to activate Syk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dangelmaier
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hymavathi Reddy Vari
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Monica Wright
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - John C Kostyak
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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12
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Kaiser R, Escaig R, Erber J, Nicolai L. Neutrophil-Platelet Interactions as Novel Treatment Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:824112. [PMID: 35174225 PMCID: PMC8841491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.824112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and platelets are among the most abundant cell types in peripheral blood and characterized by high plasticity and a readily available reservoir of surface proteins and secretable granule contents. Receptor-mediated activation and granule release predispose both cell types for rapid responses to various stimuli. While neutrophils provide the first line of defense to microbial infections and platelets are known for their aggregatory functions in hemostasis and thrombosis, research of the past decade has highlighted that both cell types jointly shape local and systemic immune responses and clot formation alike. Concomitant activation of neutrophils and platelets has been observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial and venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis as well as myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which neutrophils and platelets interact physically, how release of granule contents and soluble molecules by either cell type affects the other and how this mutual activation supports the efficacy of immune responses. We go on to describe how activated platelets contribute to host defense by triggering neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in a process termed immunothrombosis, which in turn promotes local platelet activation and coagulation. Further, we review current evidence of hazardous overactivation of either cell type and their respective role in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on thrombosis, myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, and describe how neutrophils and platelets shape thromboinflammation in COVID-19. Finally, we provide an overview of therapeutic approaches targeting neutrophil-platelet interactions as novel treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer Kaiser
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- Leo Nicolai
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13
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Li T, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Ma F, Luo R, Xu X, Zhou G, Wang J, Niu J, Lv G, Crispe IN, Tu Z. Platelets mediate inflammatory monocyte activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150101. [PMID: 34964720 PMCID: PMC8843740 DOI: 10.1172/jci150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, causes mild to moderate disease in most patients but carries a risk of morbidity and mortality. Seriously affected individuals manifest disorders of hemostasis and a cytokine storm, but it is not understood how these manifestations of severe COVID-19 are linked. Here, we showed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein engaged the CD42b receptor to activate platelets via 2 distinct signaling pathways and promoted platelet-monocyte communication through the engagement of P selectin/PGSL-1 and CD40L/CD40, which led to proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes. These results explain why hypercoagulation, monocyte activation, and a cytokine storm are correlated in patients severely affected by COVID-19 and suggest a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Faxiang Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Runqi Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Institute of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ian N. Crispe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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The posttraumatic response of CD4+ regulatory T cells is modulated by direct cell-cell contact via CD40L- and P-selectin-dependent pathways. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:283-294. [PMID: 34764800 PMCID: PMC8574106 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ Tregs) are important for the posttraumatic anti-inflammatory host response. As described previously, platelets are able to modulate CD4+ Treg activity in a reciprocally activating interaction following injury. The underlying mechanisms of the posttraumatic interaction between platelets and CD4+ Tregs remain unclear. We investigated the potential influence of CD40L and P-selectin, molecules known to be involved in direct cell contact of these cell types. In a murine burn injury model, the potential interaction pathways were addressed using CD40L- and P-selectin-deficient mice. Draining lymph nodes were harvested following trauma (1 h) and following a sham procedure. Early rapid activation of CD4+ Tregs was assessed by phospho-flow cytometry (signaling molecules (p)PKC-δ and (p)ZAP-70). Platelet function was analyzed performing rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). We hypothesized that disruption of the direct cell-cell contact via CD40L and P-selectin would affect posttraumatic activation of CD4+ Tregs and influence the hemostatic function of platelets. Indeed, while injury induced early activation of CD4+ Tregs in wild-type mice (ZAP-70: p = 0.13, pZAP-70: p < 0.05, PKC-δ: p < 0.05, pPKC-δ: p < 0.05), disruption of CD40L-dependent interaction (ZAP-70: p = 0.57, pZAP-70: p = 0.68, PKC-δ: p = 0.68, pPKC-δ: p = 0.9) or P-selectin-dependent interaction (ZAP-70: p = 0.78, pZAP-70: p = 0.58, PKC-δ: p = 0.81, pPKC-δ: p = 0.73) resulted in reduced posttraumatic activation. Furthermore, hemostatic function was impaired towards hypocoagulability in either deficiency. Our results suggest that the posttraumatic activation of CD4+ Tregs and hemostatic function of platelets are affected by direct cell-cell-signaling via CD40L and P-selectin.
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15
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Scherlinger M, Guillotin V, Douchet I, Vacher P, Boizard-Moracchini A, Guegan JP, Garreau A, Merillon N, Vermorel A, Ribeiro E, Machelart I, Lazaro E, Couzi L, Duffau P, Barnetche T, Pellegrin JL, Viallard JF, Saleh M, Schaeverbeke T, Legembre P, Truchetet ME, Dumortier H, Contin-Bordes C, Sisirak V, Richez C, Blanco P. Selectins impair regulatory T cell function and contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/600/eabi4994. [PMID: 34193612 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of tolerance toward self-nucleic acids, autoantibody production, interferon expression and signaling, and a defect in the regulatory T (Treg) cell compartment. In this work, we identified that platelets from patients with active SLE preferentially interacted with Treg cells via the P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) axis. Selectin interaction with PSGL-1 blocked the regulatory and suppressive properties of Treg cells and particularly follicular Treg cells by triggering Syk phosphorylation and an increase in intracytosolic calcium. Mechanistically, P-selectin engagement on Treg cells induced a down-regulation of the transforming growth factor-β axis, altering the phenotype of Treg cells and limiting their immunosuppressive responses. In patients with SLE, we found an up-regulation of P- and E-selectin both on microparticles and in their soluble forms that correlated with disease activity. Last, blocking P-selectin in a mouse model of SLE improved cardinal features of the disease, such as anti-dsDNA antibody concentrations and kidney pathology. Overall, our results identify a P-selectin-dependent pathway that is active in patients with SLE and validate it as a potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vivien Guillotin
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Saint André, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Douchet
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Garreau
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Merillon
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agathe Vermorel
- Nephrology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint André, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Irène Machelart
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Nephrology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint André, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Barnetche
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellegrin
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-François Viallard
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Maya Saleh
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et lymphoproliférations, CRIBL, UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM 1262, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France. .,Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Centre national de référence maladie auto-immune et systémique rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France. .,UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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16
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Neutrophils lacking ERM proteins polarize and crawl directionally but have decreased adhesion strength. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3559-3571. [PMID: 32761234 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are adaptors that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. Leukocytes express mostly moesin with lower levels of ezrin but no radixin. When leukocytes are activated, ERMs are postulated to redistribute membrane proteins from microvilli into uropods during polarization and to transduce signals that influence adhesion and other responses. However, these functions have not been tested in leukocytes lacking all ERMs. We used knockout (KO) mice with neutrophils lacking ezrin, moesin, or both proteins (double knockout [DKO]) to probe how ERMs modulate cell shape, adhesion, and signaling in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, chemokine-stimulated DKO neutrophils still polarized and redistributed ERM-binding proteins such as PSGL-1 and CD44 to the uropods. Selectin binding to PSGL-1 on moesin KO or DKO neutrophils activated kinases that enable integrin-dependent slow rolling but not those that generate neutrophil extracellular traps. Flowing neutrophils of all genotypes rolled normally on selectins and, upon chemokine stimulation, arrested on integrin ligands. However, moesin KO and DKO neutrophils exhibited defective integrin outside-in signaling and reduced adhesion strength. In vivo, DKO neutrophils displayed normal directional crawling toward a chemotactic gradient, but premature detachment markedly reduced migration from venules into inflamed tissues. Our results demonstrate that stimulated neutrophils do not require ERMs to polarize or to move membrane proteins into uropods. They also reveal an unexpected contribution of moesin to integrin outside-in signaling and adhesion strengthening.
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17
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Pohlmeyer CW, Shang C, Han P, Cui ZH, Jones RM, Clarke AS, Murray BP, Lopez DA, Newstrom DW, Inzunza MD, Matzkies FG, Currie KS, Di Paolo JA. Characterization of the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in models of lupus nephritis. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 33781343 PMCID: PMC8008554 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells are critical mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), and antinuclear antibodies can be found in the serum of approximately 98% of patients with SLE. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling from immunoreceptors, including the B cell receptor. Active, phosphorylated SYK has been observed in tissues from patients with SLE or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and its inhibition is hypothesized to ameliorate disease pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and characterize the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a selective oral SYK inhibitor, in the New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) murine model of SLE and LN. Methods Lanraplenib was evaluated for inhibition of primary human B cell functions in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of SYK inhibition on ameliorating LN-like disease in vivo was determined by treating NZB/W mice with lanraplenib, cyclophosphamide, or a vehicle control. Glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition were quantified in kidneys. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured in serum. Splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation, and the presence of T follicular helper and dendritic cells. Results In human B cells in vitro, lanraplenib inhibited B cell activating factor-mediated survival as well as activation, maturation, and immunoglobulin M production. Treatment of NZB/W mice with lanraplenib improved overall survival, prevented the development of proteinuria, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Kidney morphology was significantly preserved by treatment with lanraplenib as measured by glomerular diameter, protein cast severity, interstitial inflammation, vasculitis, and frequency of glomerular crescents; treatment with lanraplenib reduced glomerular IgG deposition. Mice treated with lanraplenib had reduced concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Lanraplenib blocked disease-driven B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation in the spleen. Conclusions Lanraplenib blocked the progression of LN-like disease in NZB/W mice. Human in vitro and murine in vivo data suggest that lanraplenib may be efficacious in preventing disease progression in patients with LN at least in part by inhibiting B cell maturation. These data provide additional rationale for the use of lanraplenib in the treatment of SLE and LN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shang
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Cui
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Randall M Jones
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Astrid S Clarke
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Bernard P Murray
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - David A Lopez
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - David W Newstrom
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - M David Inzunza
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Currie
- Department of Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
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18
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DeRogatis JM, Viramontes KM, Neubert EN, Tinoco R. PSGL-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for CD4 + T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636238. [PMID: 33708224 PMCID: PMC7940186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting T cells has shown tremendous promise in the treatment of many cancer types and are now standard therapies for patients. While standard therapies have focused on PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, additional immune checkpoints have shown promise in promoting anti-tumor immunity. PSGL-1, primarily known for its role in cellular migration, has also been shown to function as a negative regulator of CD4+ T cells in numerous disease settings including cancer. PSGL-1 is highly expressed on T cells and can engage numerous ligands that impact signaling pathways, which may modulate CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. PSGL-1 engagement in the tumor microenvironment may promote CD4+ T cell exhaustion pathways that favor tumor growth. Here we highlight that blocking the PSGL-1 pathway on CD4+ T cells may represent a new cancer therapy approach to eradicate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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19
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Biphasic Force-Regulated Phosphorylation Site Exposure and Unligation of ERM Bound with PSGL-1: A Novel Insight into PSGL-1 Signaling via Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197064. [PMID: 32992803 PMCID: PMC7583015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PSGL-1-actin cytoskeleton linker proteins ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM), an adaptor between P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), is a key player in PSGL-1 signal, which mediates the adhesion and recruitment of leukocytes to the activated endothelial cells in flow. Binding of PSGL-1 to ERM initials intracellular signaling through inducing phosphorylation of Syk, but effects of tensile force on unligation and phosphorylation site exposure of ERM bound with PSGL-1 remains unclear. To answer this question, we performed a series of so-called “ramp-clamp” steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations on the radixin protein FERM domain of ERM bound with intracellular juxtamembrane PSGL-1 peptide. The results showed that, the rupture force of complex pulled with constant velocity was over 250 pN, which prevented the complex from breaking in front of pull-induced exposure of phosphorylation site on immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif (ITAM)-like motif of ERM; the stretched complex structure under constant tensile forces <100 pN maintained on a stable quasi-equilibrium state, showing a high mechano-stabilization of the clamped complex; and, in consistent with the force-induced allostery at clamped stage, increasing tensile force (<50 pN) would decrease the complex dissociation probability but facilitate the phosphorylation site exposure, suggesting a force-enhanced biophysical connectivity of PSGL-1 signaling. These force-enhanced characters in both phosphorylation and unligation of ERM bound with PSGL-1 should be mediated by a catch-slip bond transition mechanism, in which four residue interactions on binding site were involved. This study might provide a novel insight into the transmembrane PSGL-1 signal, its biophysical connectivity and molecular structural basis for cellular immune responses in mechano-microenvironment, and showed a rational SMD-based computer strategy for predicting structure-function relation of protein under loads.
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21
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Abstract
Platelets are increasingly being recognized for playing roles beyond thrombosis and hemostasis. Today we know that they mediate inflammation by direct interactions with innate immune cells or secretion of cytokines/chemokines. Here we review their interactions with neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in infection and sepsis, stroke, myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism. We discuss new roles for platelet surface receptors like GPVI or GPIb and also look at platelet contributions to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as well as to deep vein thrombosis during infection, e.g. in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Sprenkeler EGG, Webbers SDS, Kuijpers TW. When Actin is Not Actin' Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:3-25. [PMID: 32846417 DOI: 10.1159/000509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological "actinopathies" and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Erbani J, Tay J, Barbier V, Levesque JP, Winkler IG. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Chemo-Resistance Is Mediated by E-selectin Receptor CD162 in Bone Marrow Niches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:668. [PMID: 32793603 PMCID: PMC7393995 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of leukemia cells with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for disease progression and resistance to treatment. We have recently found that the vascular adhesion molecule E-(endothelial)-selectin is a key niche component that directly mediates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemo-resistance, revealing E-selectin as a promising therapeutic target. To understand how E-selectin promotes AML survival, we investigated the potential receptors on AML cells involved in E-selectin-mediated chemo-resistance. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to selectively suppress canonical E-selectin receptors CD44 or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1/CD162) from human AML cell line KG1a, we show that CD162, but not CD44, is necessary for E-selectin-mediated chemo-resistance in vitro. Using preclinical models of murine AML, we then demonstrate that absence of CD162 on AML cell surface leads to a significant delay in the onset of leukemia and a significant increase in sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo associated with a more rapid in vivo proliferation compared to wild-type AML and a lower BM retention. Together, these data reveal for the first time that CD162 is a key AML cell surface receptor involved in AML progression, BM retention and chemo-resistance. These findings highlight specific blockade of AML cell surface CD162 as a potential novel niche-based strategy to improve the efficacy of AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbani
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
| | - Joshua Tay
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
| | - Valerie Barbier
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
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24
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Chen CM, Lu HC, Tung YT, Chen W. Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070230. [PMID: 32708068 PMCID: PMC7399831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and devastating syndrome that contributes to serious morbidities and mortality in critically ill patients. No known pharmacologic therapy is beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, and the only effective management is through a protective lung strategy. Platelets play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and antiplatelet therapy may be a potential medication for ARDS. In this review, we introduce the overall pathogenesis of ARDS, and then focus on platelet-related mechanisms underlying the development of ARDS, including platelet adhesion to the injured vessel wall, platelet-leukocyte-endothelium interactions, platelet-related lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We further summarize antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, and P2Y12 inhibitors for ARDS in experimental and clinical studies and a meta-analysis. Novel aspirin-derived agents, aspirin-triggered lipoxin, and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 are also described here. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and the potential benefits of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lu
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
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25
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ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041502. [PMID: 32098334 PMCID: PMC7073024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.
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26
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Ivetic A, Hoskins Green HL, Hart SJ. L-selectin: A Major Regulator of Leukocyte Adhesion, Migration and Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1068. [PMID: 31139190 PMCID: PMC6527602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-selectin (CD62L) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein and cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on most circulating leukocytes. Since its identification in 1983, L-selectin has been extensively characterized as a tethering/rolling receptor. There is now mounting evidence in the literature to suggest that L-selectin plays a role in regulating monocyte protrusion during transendothelial migration (TEM). The N-terminal calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin domain of L-selectin interacts with numerous glycans, including sialyl Lewis X (sLex) for tethering/rolling and proteoglycans for TEM. Although the signals downstream of L-selectin-dependent adhesion are poorly understood, they will invariably involve the short 17 amino acid cytoplasmic tail. In this review we will detail the expression of L-selectin in different immune cell subsets, and its influence on cell behavior. We will list some of the diverse glycans known to support L-selectin-dependent adhesion, within luminal and abluminal regions of the vessel wall. We will describe how each domain within L-selectin contributes to adhesion, migration and signal transduction. A significant focus on the L-selectin cytoplasmic tail and its proposed contribution to signaling via the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins will be outlined. Finally, we will discuss how ectodomain shedding of L-selectin during monocyte TEM is essential for the establishment of front-back cell polarity, bestowing emigrated cells the capacity to chemotax toward sites of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivetic
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Center of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Louise Hoskins Green
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Center of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel James Hart
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Center of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Casola S, Perucho L, Tripodo C, Sindaco P, Ponzoni M, Facchetti F. The B‐cell receptor in control of tumor B‐cell fitness: Biology and clinical relevance. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:198-213. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casola
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Laura Perucho
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology UnitDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Tumor and Microenvironment Histopathology UnitThe FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Paola Sindaco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.)Hematology SectionUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology and Lymphoid Malignancies UnitsAteneo Vita‐Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineSection of PathologyUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
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28
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Borsig L. Selectins in cancer immunity. Glycobiology 2018; 28:648-655. [PMID: 29272415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins are vascular adhesion molecules that mediate physiological responses such as inflammation, immunity and hemostasis. During cancer progression, selectins promote various steps enabling the interactions between tumor cells and the blood constituents, including platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Selectins are carbohydrate-binding molecules that bind to sialylated, fucosylated glycan structures. The increased selectin ligand expression on tumor cells correlates with enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis for cancer patients. While, many studies focused on the role of selectin as a mediator of tumor cell adhesion and extravasation during metastasis, there is evidence for selectins to activate signaling cascade that regulates immune responses within a tumor microenvironment. L-Selectin binding induces activation of leukocytes, which can be further modulated by selectin-mediated interactions with platelets and endothelial cells. Selectin ligand on leukocytes, PSGL-1, triggers intracellular signaling in leukocytes that are induced through platelet's P-selectin or endothelial E-selectin binding. In this review, I summarize the evidence for selectin-induced immune modulation in cancer progression that represents a possible target for controlling tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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PI3K Is a Linker Between L-selectin and PSGL-1 Signaling to IL-18 Transcriptional Activation at the Promoter Level. Inflammation 2018; 41:555-561. [PMID: 29218606 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) are adhesion molecules which induce similar physiological events. Our previous paper showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) played a crucial role in L-selectin- and PSGL-1-mediated F-actin redistribution and assembly during neutrophil rolling on E-selectin. However, it is not clear whether L-selectin and PSGL-1 induce other similar physiology events by PI3K. Here, we investigated the possibility of PI3K linking the signaling pathways of L-selectin and PSGL-1 to IL-18 transcription. We first demonstrated that L-selectin and PSGL-1 stimulation upregulated IL-18 transcription level in Jurkat cells. Then we found that PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced L-selectin- and PSGL-1-induced mRNA upregulation of IL-18 in Jurkat cells. Transfection of phosphatase and tensin homolog expressing plasmid inhibited the transcription level of IL-18. Therefore, PI3K is a signal linker between L-selectin and PSGL-1 in IL-18 transcriptional activation at the promoter level. To our knowledge, this is the first time to directly link PI3K to L-selectin- and PSGL-1-mediated IL-18 transcription, providing a foundation for intervention of PI3K-related inflammation.
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30
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Ivetic A. A head-to-tail view of L-selectin and its impact on neutrophil behaviour. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:437-453. [PMID: 29353325 PMCID: PMC5820395 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
L-selectin is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule expressed on most circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils. Engagement of L-selectin with endothelial-derived ligands initiates neutrophil tethering and rolling behaviour along luminal walls of post-capillary venules, constituting the first step of the multi-step adhesion cascade. There is a large body of evidence to suggest that signalling downstream of L-selectin can influence neutrophil behaviour: adhesion, migration and priming. This review will cover aspects of L-selectin form and function and introduce the “triad of L-selectin regulation”, highlighting the inextricable links between adhesion, signalling and ectodomain shedding and also highlighting the cytosolic proteins that interconnect them. Recent advances in how L-selectin impacts priming, transendothelial migration (TEM) and cell polarity will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivetic
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, James Black Centre 125, Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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31
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Abstract
Innate immune cells sense danger through a plethora of germline-encoded receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cellular molecules that are exposed only by stressed, infected, malignant, or dead cells. Many of these danger-sensing receptors belong to the C-type lectin-like superfamily (CLSF) and therefore are called C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs). Certain activating CTLRs, namely, CLEC-2, Dectin-1, DNGR-1, NKp80, and NKp65, which are encoded by genes that are clustered together in a subregion of the mammalian natural killer gene complex (NKC), use a single copy tyrosine signaling module termed the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM). These hemITAM-bearing CTLRs are present on myeloid cells and innate lymphocytes and stimulate various functions, such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. Proximal signaling mechanisms involve the tyrosine phosphorylation of the hemITAM and the subsequent activation of the kinase Syk. Signaling and Syk recruitment by the hemITAM appear to be tuned by variable amino acids within or near the hemITAM, which give rise to differences in downstream signaling events and diverging functional outcomes among hemITAM-bearing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as a selectin and chemokine-binding adhesion molecule. PSGL-1 is widely studied in neutrophils. Here, we focus on T cells, because PSGL-1 was recently described as a major immunomodulatory molecule during viral infection. PSGL-1 also plays a crucial role in T-cell homeostasis by binding to lymphoid chemokines, and can induce tolerance by enhancing the functions of regulatory T cells. RECENT FINDINGS PSGL-1 was originally described as a leukocyte ligand for P-selectin, but it is actually a ligand for all selectins (P-, L- and E-selectin), binds chemokines, activates integrins and profoundly affects T-cell biology. It has been shown recently that PSGL-1 can modulate T cells during viral infection by acting as a negative regulator for T-cell functions. Absence of PSGL-1 promotes effector CD4 and CD8 T-cell differentiation and prevents T-cell exhaustion. Consistent with this, tumor growth was significantly reduced in PSGL-1-deficient mice because of an enhanced number of effector T cells together with reduced levels of inhibitory receptors that induce T-cell exhaustion. SUMMARY PSGL-1 is the best-studied selectin ligand and has become a posterchild of versatility in leukocyte adhesion, inflammation and immunology. The direct involvement of PSGL-1 in T-cell biology suggests that it might be a drug target. Indeed, PSGL-1 has been tested in some clinical trials and recently, PSGL-1 blockers were proposed as a potential cotherapy in cancer immunotherapy.
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33
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Le Gallo M, Poissonnier A, Blanco P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas, Non-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways, and Kinases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1216. [PMID: 29021794 PMCID: PMC5623854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining new blood vessels that develop during inflammatory disorders or cancers act as doors that either allow or block access to the tumor or inflamed organ. Recent data show that these endothelial cells in cancer tissues and inflamed tissues of lupus patients overexpress CD95L, the biological role of which is a subject of debate. The receptor CD95 (also named Fas or apoptosis antigen 1) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Because mutations of this receptor or its ligand lead to autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cancers, CD95 and CD95L were initially thought to play a role in immune homeostasis and tumor elimination via apoptotic signaling pathways. However, recent data reveal that CD95 also evokes non-apoptotic signals, promotes inflammation, and contributes to carcinogenesis; therefore, it is difficult to dissect its apoptotic effects from its non-apoptotic effects during pathogenesis of disease. CD95L is cleaved by metalloproteases and so exists in two different forms: a transmembrane form and a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). We recently observed that the soluble ligand is overexpressed in serum from patients with triple-negative breast cancer or SLE, in whom it contributes to disease severity by activating non-apoptotic signaling pathways and promoting either metastatic dissemination or accumulation of certain T cell subsets in damaged organs. Here, we discuss the roles of CD95 in modulating immune functions via induction of mainly non-apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Gallo
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Amanda Poissonnier
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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34
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Reconstruction and signal propagation analysis of the Syk signaling network in breast cancer cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005432. [PMID: 28306714 PMCID: PMC5376343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to build in-depth cell signaling networks from vast experimental data is a key objective of computational biology. The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) protein, a well-characterized key player in immune cell signaling, was surprisingly first shown by our group to exhibit an onco-suppressive function in mammary epithelial cells and corroborated by many other studies, but the molecular mechanisms of this function remain largely unsolved. Based on existing proteomic data, we report here the generation of an interaction-based network of signaling pathways controlled by Syk in breast cancer cells. Pathway enrichment of the Syk targets previously identified by quantitative phospho-proteomics indicated that Syk is engaged in cell adhesion, motility, growth and death. Using the components and interactions of these pathways, we bootstrapped the reconstruction of a comprehensive network covering Syk signaling in breast cancer cells. To generate in silico hypotheses on Syk signaling propagation, we developed a method allowing to rank paths between Syk and its targets. We first annotated the network according to experimental datasets. We then combined shortest path computation with random walk processes to estimate the importance of individual interactions and selected biologically relevant pathways in the network. Molecular and cell biology experiments allowed to distinguish candidate mechanisms that underlie the impact of Syk on the regulation of cortactin and ezrin, both involved in actin-mediated cell adhesion and motility. The Syk network was further completed with the results of our biological validation experiments. The resulting Syk signaling sub-networks can be explored via an online visualization platform.
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PSGL-1: A New Player in the Immune Checkpoint Landscape. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:323-335. [PMID: 28262471 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has long been studied as an adhesion molecule involved in immune cell trafficking and is recognized as a regulator of many facets of immune responses by myeloid cells. PSGL-1 also regulates T cell migration during homeostasis and inflammatory settings. However, recent findings indicate that PSGL-1 can also negatively regulate T cell function. Because T cell differentiation is finely tuned by multiple positive and negative regulatory signals that appropriately scale the magnitude of the immune response, PSGL-1 has emerged as an important checkpoint during this process. We summarize what is known regarding PSGL-1 structure and function and highlight how it may act as an immune checkpoint inhibitor in T cells.
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Huang B, Ling Y, Lin J, Du X, Fang Y, Wu J. Force-dependent calcium signaling and its pathway of human neutrophils on P-selectin in flow. Protein Cell 2017; 8:103-113. [PMID: 28097631 PMCID: PMC5291781 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
P-selectin engagement of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) causes circulating leukocytes to roll on and adhere to the vascular surface, and mediates intracellular calcium flux, a key but unclear event for subsequent arresting firmly at and migrating into the infection or injured tissue. Using a parallel plate flow chamber technique and intracellular calcium ion detector (Fluo-4 AM), the intracellular calcium flux of firmly adhered neutrophils on immobilized P-selectin in the absence of chemokines at various wall shear stresses was investigated here in real time by fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated that P-selectin engagement of PSGL-1 induced the intracellular calcium flux of firmly adhered neutrophils in flow, increasing P-selectin concentration enhanced cellular calcium signaling, and, force triggered, enhanced and quickened the cytoplasmic calcium bursting of neutrophils on immobilized P-selectin. This P-selectin-induced calcium signaling should come from intracellular calcium release rather than extracellular calcium influx, and be along the mechano-chemical signal pathway involving the cytoskeleton, moesin and Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). These results provide a novel insight into the mechano-chemical regulation mechanism for P-selectin-induced calcium signaling of neutrophils in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingchen Ling
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Du
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Fang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Gao L, Gülcüler GS, Golbach L, Block H, Zarbock A, Martin-Villalba A. Endothelial cell-derived CD95 ligand serves as a chemokine in induction of neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27763263 PMCID: PMC5098908 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation is crucial for the regulation of leukocyte rolling, adhesion and trans-vessel migration during inflammation and occurs by engagement of myeloid cells through factors presented by inflamed vessels. However, endothelial-dependent mechanisms of myeloid cell recruitment are not fully understood. Here we show using an autoperfused flow chamber assay of whole blood neutrophils and intravital microscopy of the inflamed cremaster muscle that CD95 mediates leukocyte slow rolling, adhesion and transmigration upon binding of CD95-ligand (CD95L) that is presented by endothelial cells. In myeloid cells, CD95 triggers activation of Syk-Btk/PLCγ2/Rap1 signaling that ultimately leads to integrin activation. Excitingly, CD95-deficient myeloid cells exhibit impaired bacterial clearance in an animal model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Our data identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoattractant effect of endothelial cell-derived CD95L in induction of neutrophil recruitment and support the use of therapeutic inhibition of CD95’s activity in inflammatory diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18542.001 When tissues are damaged or infected, the body produces an inflammatory response. Neutrophils – a type of white blood cell – play an important part in this response. These cells normally circulate through the bloodstream, and are recruited to the inflamed site by chemical signals sent out by immune cells in the damaged tissue. This causes passing neutrophils to migrate through the wall of the blood vessel to gain access to the inflamed tissue. The neutrophils go through a sequence of steps before they can pass through the blood vessel wall. After initially tethering to the cells that line the blood vessel, the neutrophils experience a period of “slow rolling” across the vessel lining, before tightly adhering to one of the cells. In 2010, researchers determined that a protein on the neutrophil’s surface, known as CD95, helps the cell migrate through blood vessel walls. This protein interacts with a “ligand” molecule on the surface of the cells that line the blood vessel. However, it remains unclear whether CD95 and its ligand play a role in the steps that lead up to the neutrophils migrating through the blood vessel wall. Gao et al. – who include researchers involved in the 2010 study – now show that activating CD95 in neutrophils also triggers the cell’s slow rolling and adhesion. Experiments performed on mouse cells and tissues showed that the cells that line the blood vessels present the CD95 ligand on their surfaces in order to activate CD95 in the neutrophils circulating in the bloodstream. This ultimately leads to neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion. Further experiments in mice showed that this ability of CD95 to recruit neutrophils to inflamed sites was crucial for clearing bacteria in cases of sepsis, where infection causes the immune system to damage the body’s own tissues. Future studies could address whether inhibiting CD95's activity could help to treat diseases that feature uncontrolled white blood cell recruitment, including various cancers and autoimmune diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18542.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gülce Sila Gülcüler
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lieke Golbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in antimicrobial host defense, but their improper activation also contributes to inflammation-induced tissue damage. Therefore, understanding neutrophil biology is important for the understanding, diagnosis, and therapy of both infectious and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell-surface receptors that sense extracellular cues and trigger various functional responses through complex intracellular signaling pathways. During the last several years, we and others have shown that tyrosine kinases play a critical role in those processes. In particular, Src-family and Syk tyrosine kinases couple Fc-receptors and adhesion receptors (integrins and selectins) to various neutrophil effector functions. This pathway shows surprising similarity to lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling and involves various other enzymes (e.g. PLCγ2), exchange factors (e.g. Vav-family members) and adapter proteins (such as ITAM-containing adapters, SLP-76, and CARD9). Those mediators trigger various antimicrobial functions and play a critical role in coordinating the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and LTB4 . Interestingly, however, tyrosine kinases have a limited direct role in the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Here, we review the role of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in neutrophils and how those pathways contribute to neutrophil activation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Tinoco R, Carrette F, Barraza ML, Otero DC, Magaña J, Bosenberg MW, Swain SL, Bradley LM. PSGL-1 Is an Immune Checkpoint Regulator that Promotes T Cell Exhaustion. Immunity 2016; 44:1190-203. [PMID: 27192578 PMCID: PMC4908967 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic viruses and cancers thwart immune responses in humans by inducing T cell dysfunction. Using a murine chronic virus that models human infections, we investigated the function of the adhesion molecule, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), that is upregulated on responding T cells. PSGL-1-deficient mice cleared the virus due to increased intrinsic survival of multifunctional effector T cells that had downregulated PD-1 as well as other inhibitory receptors. Notably, this response resulted in CD4(+)-T-cell-dependent immunopathology. Mechanistically, PSGL-1 ligation on exhausted CD8(+) T cells inhibited T cell receptor (TCR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling and upregulated PD-1, leading to diminished survival with TCR stimulation. In models of melanoma cancer in which T cell dysfunction occurs, PSGL-1 deficiency led to PD-1 downregulation, improved T cell responses, and tumor control. Thus, PSGL-1 plays a fundamental role in balancing viral control and immunopathology and also functions to regulate T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tinoco
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monique L Barraza
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Magaña
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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40
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Moesin regulates neutrophil rolling velocity in vivo. Cell Immunol 2016; 304-305:59-62. [PMID: 27131737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, the selectin-induced slow rolling of neutrophils on venules cooperates with chemokine signaling to mediate neutrophil recruitment into tissues. Previous studies identified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and CD44 as E-selectin ligands that activate integrins to induce slow rolling. We show here that in TNF-α-treated cremaster muscle venules, slow leukocyte rolling was impaired in mice deficient in moesin, a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family. Accordingly, neutrophil recruitment in a peritonitis model was decreased in moesin-deficient mice when chemokine signaling was blocked with pertussis toxin. These results suggest that moesin contributes to the slow rolling and subsequent recruitment of neutrophils during inflammation.
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Pore D, Gupta N. The ezrin-radixin-moesin family of proteins in the regulation of B-cell immune response. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 35:15-31. [PMID: 25746045 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2015012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton is essential for numerous cellular processes, including B- and T-cell activation and migration. The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins plays structural and regulatory roles in the rearrangement of plasma membrane flexibility and protrusions through its members' reversible interaction with cortical actin filaments and the plasma membrane. Recent studies demonstrated that ERM proteins not only are involved in cytoskeletal organization but also offer a platform for the transmission of signals in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli through their ability to cross-link transmembrane receptors with downstream signaling components. In this review, we summarize present knowledge relating to ERMs and recent progress made toward elucidating a novel role for them in the regulation of B-cell function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pore
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neetu Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Timmerman I, Daniel AE, Kroon J, van Buul JD. Leukocytes Crossing the Endothelium: A Matter of Communication. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:281-329. [PMID: 26940521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM). The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to clear the causing agents of inflammation in underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. During TEM, endothelial cells initiate signals that attract and guide leukocytes to sites of tissue damage. Leukocytes react by attaching to these sites and signal their readiness to move back to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in turn respond by facilitating the passage of leukocytes while retaining overall integrity. In this review, we present recent findings in the field and we have endeavored to synthesize a coherent picture of the intricate interplay between endothelial cells and leukocytes during TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Daniel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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43
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Choi HJ, Park SY, Cho JH, Park JW, Sohn JH, Kim YJ, Oh JW, Han JS. The TLR4-associated phospholipase D1 activation is crucial for Der f 2-induced IL-13 production. Allergy 2015; 70:1569-79. [PMID: 26335962 DOI: 10.1111/all.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mites (HDMs) are the most important source of indoor aeroallergens that contribute to the rising incidence of allergic diseases such as allergic asthma. The major HDM, Der f 2, induces inflammatory cytokine expression. Little is known about the signaling pathway involved. OBJECTIVE We wanted to define the Der f 2 signaling pathway from its receptor to the transcription factor responsible for IL-13 expression and production. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with Der f 2. The release and gene expression of IL-13 were measured by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In the airway inflammation mouse model, airway responses were assessed using ELISA, histology, BAL fluid, and methacholine responsiveness. RESULTS Here, we show that Der f 2 binds to TLR4 and induces IL-13 expression and production. In the airway inflammation mouse model, Der f 2-induced IL-13 production significantly decreased with treatment of TAK-242, a novel TLR4 inhibitor. Activation of TLR4 by Der f 2 requires the recruitment and activation of Syk, which leads to phosphorylation of PLCγ and membrane translocation of PKCα. p38 MAPK is then activated by PKCα and stimulates PLD1 activity by phosphorylating the Thr147 residue of PLD1. PLD1 activation enhanced binding of ROCK1 to ATF-2 and leads to increased expression of IL-13. CONCLUSION Our data extend the knowledge for a variety of possible roles of PLD1 in allergic disorders including asthma pathogenesis and suggest possible candidacy of PLD1 as a molecular target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-J. Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - S.-Y. Park
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - J. H. Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-W. Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy; College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-H. Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy; College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y.-J. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy; College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-W. Oh
- Department of Pediatrics; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-S. Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
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Mócsai A, Walzog B, Lowell CA. Intracellular signalling during neutrophil recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:373-85. [PMID: 25998986 PMCID: PMC4502828 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of leucocytes such as neutrophils to the extravascular space is a critical step of the inflammation process and plays a major role in the development of various diseases including several cardiovascular diseases. Neutrophils themselves play a very active role in that process by sensing their environment and responding to the extracellular cues by adhesion and de-adhesion, cellular shape changes, chemotactic migration, and other effector functions of cell activation. Those responses are co-ordinated by a number of cell surface receptors and their complex intracellular signal transduction pathways. Here, we review neutrophil signal transduction processes critical for recruitment to the site of inflammation. The two key requirements for neutrophil recruitment are the establishment of appropriate chemoattractant gradients and the intrinsic ability of the cells to migrate along those gradients. We will first discuss signalling steps required for sensing extracellular chemoattractants such as chemokines and lipid mediators and the processes (e.g. PI3-kinase pathways) leading to the translation of extracellular chemoattractant gradients to polarized cellular responses. We will then discuss signal transduction by leucocyte adhesion receptors (e.g. tyrosine kinase pathways) which are critical for adhesion to, and migration through the vessel wall. Finally, additional neutrophil signalling pathways with an indirect effect on the neutrophil recruitment process, e.g. through modulation of the inflammatory environment, will be discussed. Mechanistic understanding of these pathways provide better understanding of the inflammation process and may point to novel therapeutic strategies for controlling excessive inflammation during infection or tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE 'Lendület' Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Pérez-Frías A, González-Tajuelo R, Núñez-Andrade N, Tejedor R, García-Blanco MJ, Vicente-Rabaneda E, Castañeda S, Gamallo C, Silván J, Esteban-Villafruela A, Cubero-Rueda L, García-García C, Muñoz-Calleja C, García-Diez A, Urzainqui A. Development of an autoimmune syndrome affecting the skin and internal organs in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 leukocyte receptor-deficient mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3178-89. [PMID: 25132671 DOI: 10.1002/art.38808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define and characterize the progression of the spontaneous autoimmune disease that develops in mice in the absence of the leukocyte adhesion receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). METHODS Skin-resident immune cells from PSGL-1-deficient mice and C57BL/6 control mice of different ages were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in mouse serum and urine, and the presence of serum autoantibodies was investigated. Skin and internal organs were extracted, and their structure was analyzed histologically. RESULTS Skin-resident innate and adaptive immune cells from PSGL-1(-/-) mice had a proinflammatory phenotype with an imbalanced T effector cell:Treg cell ratio. Sera from PSGL-1(-/-) mice had circulating autoantibodies commonly detected in connective tissue-related human autoimmune diseases. Biochemical and histologic analysis of skin and internal organs revealed skin fibrosis and structural and functional abnormalities in the lungs and kidneys. Furthermore, PSGL-1(-/-) mice exhibited vascular alterations, showing loss of dermal vessels, small vessel medial layer remodeling in the lungs and kidneys, and ischemic processes in the kidney that promote renal infarcts. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that immune system overactivation due to PSGL-1 deficiency triggers an autoimmune syndrome with characteristics similar to systemic sclerosis, including skin fibrosis, vascular alterations, and systemic organ involvement. These results suggest that PSGL-1 expression contributes to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the immune system and could act as a barrier for autoimmunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Frías
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa, and Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Functional roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:270302. [PMID: 25045209 PMCID: PMC4090447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/270302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of complex biological responses to protect the host from pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is considered a major cause of diseases, such as various types of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and cancers. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was initially found to be highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has been known to play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses. However, recent studies have reported that Syk is also involved in other biological functions, especially in innate immune responses. Although Syk has been extensively studied in adaptive immune responses, numerous studies have recently presented evidence that Syk has critical functions in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and is closely related to innate immune response. This review describes the characteristics of Syk-mediated signaling pathways, summarizes the recent findings supporting the crucial roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and diseases, and discusses Syk-targeted drug development for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Woollard KJ, Lumsden NG, Andrews KL, Aprico A, Harris E, Irvine JC, Jefferis AM, Fang L, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Chin-Dusting JPF. Raised soluble P-selectin moderately accelerates atherosclerotic plaque progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97422. [PMID: 24846287 PMCID: PMC4028245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), a biomarker of inflammatory related pathologies including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases, also has pro-atherosclerotic effects including the ability to increase leukocyte recruitment and modulate thrombotic responses in vivo. The current study explores its role in progressing atherosclerotic plaque disease. Apoe−/− mice placed on a high fat diet (HFD) were given daily injections of recombinant dimeric murine P-selectin (22.5 µg/kg/day) for 8 or 16 weeks. Saline or sE-selectin injections were used as negative controls. In order to assess the role of sP-selectin on atherothrombosis an experimental plaque remodelling murine model, with sm22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on a HFD in conjunction with delivery of diphtheria toxin to induce targeted vascular smooth muscle apoptosis, was used. These mice were similarly given daily injections of sP-selectin for 8 or 16 weeks. While plaque mass and aortic lipid content did not change with sP-selectin treatment in Apoe−/− or SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on HFD, increased plasma MCP-1 and a higher plaque CD45 content in Apoe−/− HFD mice was observed. As well, a significant shift towards a more unstable plaque phenotype in the SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− HFD mice, with increased macrophage accumulation and lower collagen content, leading to a lower plaque stability index, was observed. These results demonstrate that chronically raised sP-selectin favours progression of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Woollard
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen L. Andrews
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Aprico
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Harris
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Lu Fang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Xu T, Liu W, Luo J, Li C, Ba X, Ampah KK, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zeng X. Lipid Raft is required for PSGL-1 ligation induced HL-60 cell adhesion on ICAM-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81807. [PMID: 24312591 PMCID: PMC3849276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and integrins are adhesion molecules that play critical roles in host defense and innate immunity. PSGL-1 mediates leukocyte rolling and primes leukocytes for integrin-mediated adhesion. However, the mechanism that PSGL-1 as a rolling receptor in regulating integrin activation has not been well characterized. Here, we investigate the function of lipid raft in regulating PSGL-1 induced β2 integrin-mediated HL-60 cells adhesion. PSGL-1 ligation with antibody enhances the β2 integrin activation and β2 integrin-dependent adhesion to ICAM-1. Importantly, with the treatment of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), we confirm the role of lipid raft in regulating the activation of β2 integrin. Furthermore, we find that the protein level of PSGL-1 decreased in raft fractions in MβCD treated cells. PSGL-1 ligation induces the recruitment of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a tyrosine kinase and Vav1 (the pivotal downstream effector of Syk signaling pathway involved in cytoskeleton regulation) to lipid raft. Inhibition of Syk activity with pharmacologic inhibitor strongly reduces HL-60 cells adhesion, implicating Syk is crucial for PSGL-1 mediated β2 integrin activation. Taken together, we report that ligation of PSGL-1 on HL-60 cells activates β2 integrin, for which lipid raft integrity and Syk activation are responsible. These findings have shed new light on the mechanisms that connect leukocyte initial rolling with subsequent adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuang Xu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenai Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jixian Luo
- Department of Bioscience, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Khamal Kwesi Ampah
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Teachers College, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XGW); (XLZ)
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail: (XGW); (XLZ)
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Futosi K, Fodor S, Mócsai A. Reprint of Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1185-97. [PMID: 24263067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, Fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, various cytokine receptors, as well as innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. The various cell surface receptors trigger very diverse signal transduction pathways including activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins, receptor-induced and store-operated Ca(2+) signals, protein and lipid kinases, adapter proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here we provide an overview of the receptors involved in neutrophil activation and the intracellular signal transduction processes they trigger. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how neutrophils participate in antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory tissue damage and may also point to possible future targets of the pharmacological therapy of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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