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Hajishengallis G. Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: animal models of disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad018. [PMID: 37113021 PMCID: PMC10198557 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and caries are driven by complex interactions between the oral microbiome and host factors, i.e. inflammation and dietary sugars, respectively. Animal models have been instrumental in our mechanistic understanding of these oral diseases, although no single model can faithfully reproduce all aspects of a given human disease. This review discusses evidence that the utility of an animal model lies in its capacity to address a specific hypothesis and, therefore, different aspects of a disease can be investigated using distinct and complementary models. As in vitro systems cannot replicate the complexity of in vivo host-microbe interactions and human research is typically correlative, model organisms-their limitations notwithstanding-remain essential in proving causality, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel treatments. To achieve broader and deeper insights into oral disease pathogenesis, animal model-derived findings can be synthesized with data from in vitro and clinical research. In the absence of better mechanistic alternatives, dismissal of animal models on fidelity issues would impede further progress to understand and treat oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
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Alaqla A, Hu Y, Huang S, Ruiz S, Kawai T, Han X. TLR9 Signaling Is Required for the Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Activation of IL-10-Expressing B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6693. [PMID: 37047666 PMCID: PMC10094902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in the regulation of host responses to periodontal pathogens. Our previous studies have demonstrated that immune regulatory B cells were activated by TLRs and alleviated periodontitis inflammation and bone loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of TLR9 signaling in the activation and IL-10 production of the primed-immune B cells in vitro. Wild-type (WT) and TLR9 knockout (TLR9KO) mice (C57BL/6 background, n = 5) were pre-immunized intraperitoneally with 1 × 108 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis and boosted once with 1 × 107 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis. Isolated splenocytes and purified B cells from each mouse were cultured with 1 × 108 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis for 48 h. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect CD45+ IL-10+ cells. Levels of IL-10 expression and secretion in splenocytes and B cells were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. After stimulation with fixed P. gingivalis, the percentage of CD45+ IL-10+ B cells and the level of IL-10 expression were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in splenocytes and purified B cells isolated from WT mice. However, these changes were not observed in splenocytes and purified B cells from TLR9KO mice when the cells were treated with fixed P. gingivalis. The percentage of CD45+ IL-10+ B cells was significantly reduced in splenocytes and purified B cells from TLR9KO mice compared to those from WT mice when challenged with P. gingivalis. IL-10 expression in B cells from TLR9KO mice was significantly decreased compared to those from WT mice at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, P. gingivalis-induced up-regulation of TNF-α mRNA expressions were consistently observed in B cells from both WT and TLR9KO mice. P. gingivalis-induced B10 activation and IL-10 production during adaptive responses by primed B cells requires TLR9 signaling and can be achieved independent of T-cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alaqla
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Clinical, radiographic characterizations and complications of maxillary molar in a periodontitis population: a retrospective study based on CBCT radiography. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2335-2346. [PMID: 36607492 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to delineate the clinical, CBCT radiographic characteristics, and complications of maxillary molar in a periodontitis population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records and CBCT images were utilized to identify adult patients with periodontitis in a tertiary referral dental hospital between June 2019 and December 2020. CBCT scan images were used to characterize the detailed bone thickness, absorbing height, and position of maxillary molar as well as their associated conditions. All relevant descriptive epidemiological data, clinical information, radiographic details, and associated complications were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS According to the above criteria, 577 eligible periodontitis patients were enrolled and defined as research cohort here with mean age 45 ± 4.8 years. Male patients outnumbered females with a gender ratio of 1.23:1. Our results demonstrated that the bone loss of maxillary first molar was more serious than that of second molar with tooth position symmetry. The occurrence of various complications (periodontal abscess, pulp lesions, furcation lesion, and mucosal thickening) was significantly correlated to periodontal-related clinical parameters of maxillary molar. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the more serious bone loss of maxillary first molar with tooth position symmetry. The occurrence of various complications was significantly correlated to periodontal-related clinical parameters. Our findings offer valuable information concerning the clinical, radiographic characteristics, and complications of maxillary molar in a periodontitis population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings are beneficial for clinicians to comprehensively understand the bone status, pathogenesis, and clinical management of maxillary molar in periodontitis.
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Thomas S, Lappin DF, Spears J, Bennett D, Nile C, Riggio M. Expression of toll-like receptor and cytokine mRNAs in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) and feline oral health. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3664516. [PMID: 35368315 PMCID: PMC8970949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3664516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissues in the periodontal region. Advances in diagnostic research are moving toward methods whereby the periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures using specific inflammatory markers that can be correlated to the severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and IL-10 in healthy and periodontitis patients and to assess the association between these biomarkers levels and clinical parameters in a Moroccan population. Materials and Methods. Forty subjects were included: 10 periodontally healthy subjects and 30 periodontitis patients. Periodontal examination and saliva sampling were performed in all patients. Levels of salivary cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and IL-10 were evaluated by a sandwich ELISA test kit. Data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows. Results. Regarding individual biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in periodontitis patients (
,
, respectively). The concentration of these proteins in saliva showed a significant association with gingival index and pocket depth measurements and may reflect the clinical status of healthy and diseased periodontium. However, no significant differences were observed for the IL-10 component. Conclusion. IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were statistically higher in periodontitis patients and may be used as potential tools in periodontitis diagnosis.
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SALLUM GCB, SCARDUELI C, OLIVEIRA GJPLD, SPIN NETO R, MARCANTONIO RAC. Avaliação da perda óssea utilizando diferentes parâmetros na análise microtomográfica. Estudo em ratos. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução o desafio no uso do Micro-Ct tem sido estabelecer e padronizar padrões adequados para escaneamento e tratamento das imagens, para que se obtenha o máximo desempenho do equipamento, e permitir a comparação dos achados entre diferentes estudos. Objetivo o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a porcentagem de volume ósseo em regiões com perda óssea periodontal utilizando diferentes metodologias para definição da área a ser analisada (ROI). Material e método dez ratos foram submetidos à indução de doença periodontal, e, após a eutanásia, as mandíbulas foram escaneadas com cortes de 9 μ e 18 μm de espessura, com passo de rotação de 0.3mm. As imagens foram reconstituídas utilizando o software NRecon, e em seguida, utilizando o software CTAnalyser – CTAn, foram definidas as áreas de interesse (ROI) ao redor dos segundos molares. A primeira área de interesse (ROI1) foi definida em um padrão retangular que se restringiu às regiões interproximais e furca, onde a área total de tecido ósseo foi obtida somando os resultados dos 3 ROIs. A segunda área (ROI2) foi definida no sentido corono/apical ao redor do segundo molar até suas limitações proximais com os dentes vizinhos, onde a porcentagem de tecido ósseo pertencente às raízes foram excluídas das avaliações. As análises foram realizadas com cinco diferentes valores de thresholds (130-50, 130-60, 130-70, 130-80, 130-90 e 130-100). Resultado a análise entre os diferentes ROIs demonstrou que em ambas as análises foi observada a tendência a menor porcentagem de tecido ósseo quanto maior o contraste de tons de cinza utilizado, no entanto, nos resultados obtidos no ROI2 essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão com os resultados obtidos pode se concluir que a utilização de diferentes thresholds para quantificação óssea, em áreas onde houve doença periodontal, pode trazer resultados divergentes; a definição da área de interesse interfere com os resultados obtidos e que a obtenção de uma área de interesse com a remoção das raízes mostrou-se menos susceptível à variação dos parâmetros de escaneamento.
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The Effects of Prednisone/Ketoprofen Administration in Association with Amoxicillin Clavulanate Following Periodontal Surgical Therapy in Patients with Severe Chronic Periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050447. [PMID: 34064493 PMCID: PMC8147920 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two different anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen and prednisone) combined with an antibiotic (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) and periodontal surgery on dental and periodontal parameters in patients with severe chronic periodontitis. In addition, salivary stress expressed by cortisol levels was assessed. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was performed on 22 periodontal subjects and 19 clinical healthy controls. The patients were divided in four groups, depending on treatment planning, as follows: eight patients received prednisone and antibiotherapy, associated with surgical periodontal therapy; seven patients received ketoprofen and antibiotherapy, associated with surgical periodontal therapy (group II); seven patients received only prednisone. Periodontal healthy patients underwent routine scaling and polishing. Bleeding on probing (BOP), dental mobility and salivary cortisol (ng/mL) were assessed before and after treatment. The means and standard deviations for the salivary cortisol levels (SCLs), dental and periodontal parameters were calculated for all groups using each patient as a unit of analysis. Results: Data analyses showed that the two different anti-inflammatory drugs associated with or without surgical therapy were efficient on inflammation periodontal parameters (BOP, dental mobility). Prednisone treatment alone was associated with a significant decrease of SCLs between pretreatment and post-treatment. Conclusions: In the present study, the effects of either of the anti-inflammatory drugs on inflammation evolution and salivary stress were comparable in patients undergoing antibiotherapy and surgical periodontal therapy.
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Ozaki Y, Kishimoto T, Yamashita Y, Kaneko T, Higuchi K, Mae M, Oohira M, Mohammad AI, Yanagiguchi K, Yoshimura A. Expression of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines differs in mouse gingiva injected with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or both. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104990. [PMID: 33259988 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial substances in subgingival biofilm evoke alveolar bone resorption. We previously reported that gingival injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced alveolar bone resorption in mice. However, the mechanism by which LPS and PGN induce osteoclast formation has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the alveolar bone resorption induced by LPS and PGN. MATERIALS LPS from Escherichia coli, PGN from Staphylococcus aureus, or both were injected into the gingiva of mice every 48 h for a total of 13 times. Alveolar bone resorption was assessed histochemically by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-10 were analyzed by immunostaining. To analyze the role of these cytokines, RANKL-pretreated mouse bone marrow macrophages were stimulated with LPS, PGN, or LPS + PGN with or without anti-TNF-α antibody, IL-17, or IL-10. RESULTS Alveolar bone resorption was induced by both LPS and PGN and exacerbated by LPS + PGN. LPS induced higher RANKL expression than PGN. Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was correlated with bone resorption. PGN injections induced the strongest expression of IL-17, followed by LPS + PGN and LPS. In an in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay, anti-TNF-α antibody and IL-10 inhibited osteoclast formation, but IL-17 promoted it. CONCLUSION LPS, PGN, or LPS + PGN injections induce distinctive expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17, suggesting that the composition of these bacterial ligands in dental plaque is critical for alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kishimoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Kishimoto Dental Office, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Higuchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oohira
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alam Ibtehaz Mohammad
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kajiro Yanagiguchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM. A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155340. [PMID: 33144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Lance Townsend Building, Level 8, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Abdalla HB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Trindade-da-Silva CA, Alves LJ, Prats RDS, Youssef A, Vieira Dos Santos PC, Buarque E Silva WA, Andrade E Silva F, Napimoga MH. Occlusion Heightened by Metal Crown Cementation is Aggressive for Periodontal Tissues. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:142-149. [PMID: 32783328 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induced by metal crowns on alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metal crowns were custom-made for the lower first molars with occlusal discrepancy of 0.4 and 0.7 mm from the maximum intercuspation. Thirty-six animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12 animals per group): 0.4-mm hyperocclusion group, 0.7-mm hyperocclusion group and the sham group (no metal crown). Twenty-eight days after crown cementation, the animals were euthanized and gingival tissue was collected to assess cytokine levels of IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mandibles were stained with 1% methylene blue and alveolar bone levels were quantified. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), and its ligand (RANKL), secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) and TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE). Also, mandibles were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, from which the presence of osteoclast-like cells, multinucleated cells containing ≥3 nuclei was counted at 100× magnification. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS Experimental occlusal trauma for 28 consecutive days significantly increased alveolar bone loss and multinucleated cell counts (p < 0.05). RANK, RANKL, SOFAT, TACE, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in gingival tissues of ETO groups (p < 0.05). IL-17 titers were unchanged among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Experimental traumatic occlusion activates and sustains bone resorption pathways in the periodontium inducing alveolar bone resorption. As the intensity of occlusal trauma increased, alternative osteoclastic pathways were activated, such as TACE and SOFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antônio Trindade-da-Silva
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Jorge Alves
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Immunology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta da Silva Prats
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Immunology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Youssef
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Immunology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Vieira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilkens Aurélio Buarque E Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Andrade E Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Immunology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira RLMS, Barbosa L, Hurtado CR, Ramos LDP, Montanheiro TLA, Oliveira LD, Tada DB, Trichês EDS. Bioglass‐based scaffolds coated with silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, processing and antimicrobial activity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2447-2459. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Barbosa
- Bioceramics Laboratory, Science and Technology Institute UNIFESP São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Carolina R. Hurtado
- Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Science and Technology Institute UNIFESP São José dos Campos SP Brazil
- IFSP São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Lucas de P. Ramos
- Science and Technology Institute UNESP São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayane B. Tada
- Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Science and Technology Institute UNIFESP São José dos Campos SP Brazil
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Zhang B, Wei Y, Cao J, Xu T, Zhen M, Yang G, Chung KH, Hu W. Association between the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane and molar periodontal status: A retrospective CBCT study. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1429-1435. [PMID: 32146722 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The information of the association between residual alveolar bone height and mucosal thickening is sparse. This study aimed to explore the effect of maxillary molar periodontal status on sinus mucosal thickening using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS One hundred ninety-four CBCT images were evaluated for the following parameters: age, sex, alveolar bone loss, maximum mucosal thickness (maxMT), minimum residual alveolar bone height (minRABH), and vertical infrabony pockets. The presence of mucosal thickening (maxMT > 2 mm) of the maxillary sinus was recorded. The parameters that could influence the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane were assessed. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, and multivariate linear regression with the significant level at α = 0.05. RESULTS Mucosal thickening was present in 32% of the analyzed CBCT images and increased in frequency as the periodontal status of the corresponding molar progressed from mild (2.6%) to moderate (14.9%) to severe (75.5%). Mucosal thickness was significantly increased in cases of moderate (odds ratio = 5.73, P < 0.05) and severe (odds ratio = 82.06, P < 0.001) alveolar bone loss. Multivariate linear regression revealed that alveolar bone loss and minRABH had a statistically significant influence on maxMT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Alveolar bone loss and minRABH were significantly associated with mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Zhen
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
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13
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Igic M, Kostic M, Basic J, Krunic N, Pejcic A, Gligorijevic N, Milic Lemic A. Bleeding Index and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 as Gingival Inflammation Parameters after Chemical-Mechanical Retraction Procedure. Med Princ Pract 2020; 29:492-498. [PMID: 32241014 PMCID: PMC7511686 DOI: 10.1159/000506878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A widely used chemical-mechanical method of gingival retraction can cause gingival tissue damage. The aim of this study was to test the influence of the chemical-mechanical gingival retraction procedures on the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the salivary concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) as an indicator of inflammatory changes in the gingiva. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of 2 different retraction agents (aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate) were compared, particularly their tissue damaging effect during tooth preparation. Therefore, GBI values and the salivary concentration of MCP-1 were assessed during the chemical-mechanical method of gingival retraction in a homogenous group of respondents. The subjects (n = 60) were divided into 2 experimental groups (G1 and G2) regarding the need for tooth preparing and making artificial crowns. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups (R1 and R2) according to the type of the gingival retraction agent used (aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate). RESULTS Compared to the values at the study start, a statistically significant increase in GBI and salivary MCP-1 (p < 0.001) 1 day after gingival retraction agent application was observed in both experimental groups. After 72 h, the values were lower than in the second observation period but still statistically significantly higher compared to the study start (p < 0.001), which indicated the reversibility of the tissue changes. CONCLUSION Higher values of the investigated parameters were observed in the group of subjects with prepared teeth, and clinical changes were more pronounced after the use of ferric sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Igic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia,
| | - Milena Kostic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Basic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Krunic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ana Pejcic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijevic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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14
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Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Tomek MB, Maresch D, Windwarder M, Friedrich V, Janesch B, Fuchs K, Neumann L, Nimeth I, Zwickl NF, Dohm JC, Everest-Dass A, Kolarich D, Himmelbauer H, Altmann F, Schäffer C. A General Protein O-Glycosylation Gene Cluster Encodes the Species-Specific Glycan of the Oral Pathogen Tannerella forsythia: O-Glycan Biosynthesis and Immunological Implications. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2008. [PMID: 30210478 PMCID: PMC6120980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface of the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia is heavily glycosylated with a unique, complex decasaccharide that is O-glycosidically linked to the bacterium’s abundant surface (S-) layer, as well as other proteins. The S-layer glycoproteins are virulence factors of T. forsythia and there is evidence that protein O-glycosylation underpins the bacterium’s pathogenicity. To elucidate the protein O-glycosylation pathway, genes suspected of encoding pathway components were first identified in the genome sequence of the ATCC 43037 type strain, revealing a 27-kb gene cluster that was shown to be polycistronic. Using a gene deletion approach targeted at predicted glycosyltransferases (Gtfs) and methyltransferases encoded in this gene cluster, in combination with mass spectrometry of the protein-released O-glycans, we show that the gene cluster encodes the species-specific part of the T. forsythia ATCC 43037 decasaccharide and that this is assembled step-wise on a pentasaccharide core. The core was previously proposed to be conserved within the Bacteroidetes phylum, to which T. forsythia is affiliated, and its biosynthesis is encoded elsewhere on the bacterial genome. Next, to assess the prevalence of protein O-glycosylation among Tannerella sp., the publicly available genome sequences of six T. forsythia strains were compared, revealing gene clusters of similar size and organization as found in the ATCC 43037 type strain. The corresponding region in the genome of a periodontal health-associated Tannerella isolate showed a different gene composition lacking most of the genes commonly found in the pathogenic strains. Finally, we investigated whether differential cell surface glycosylation impacts T. forsythia’s overall immunogenicity. Release of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells (DCs) upon stimulation with defined Gtf-deficient mutants of the type strain was measured and their T cell-priming potential post-stimulation was explored. This revealed that the O-glycan is pivotal to modulating DC effector functions, with the T. forsythia-specific glycan portion suppressing and the pentasaccharide core activating a Th17 response. We conclude that complex protein O-glycosylation is a hallmark of pathogenic T. forsythia strains and propose it as a valuable target for the design of novel antimicrobials against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Tomek
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Friedrich
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Fuchs
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Neumann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Nimeth
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus F Zwickl
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane C Dohm
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arun Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Zhou W, Su L, Duan X, Chen X, Hays A, Upadhyayula S, Shivde J, Wang H, Li Y, Huang D, Liang S. MicroRNA-21 down-regulates inflammation and inhibits periodontitis. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:608-614. [PMID: 29884447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory diseases, characterized by gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are important regulators of inflammation and involved in periodontitis pathogenesis. In this work, we studied the roles of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in periodontitis. MiR-21 is up-regulated in both periodontitis patients and the mice that induced with periodontitis. We tested the roles of miR-21 in the macrophages challenged by periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MiR-21 expression is up-regulated in P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated macrophages. MiR-21 mimic inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages, while miR-21 deficiency elevates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, absence of miR-21 promotes activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in P. gingivalis LPS- stimulated cells. In a murine periodontitis model, ligation induced exacerbated gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss in miR-21 deficient mice than their wild-type littermates. These results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory function of miR-21 in vitro and in vivo, indicating miR-21 could be an interventional target for the control of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aislinn Hays
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Satya Upadhyayula
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juili Shivde
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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17
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Napimoga MH, Rocha EP, Trindade-da-Silva CA, Demasi APD, Martinez EF, Macedo CG, Abdalla HB, Bettaieb A, Haj FG, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor promotes immunomodulation to inhibit bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:743-749. [PMID: 29851077 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme in the arachidonate cascade which converts epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes, to dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids. In the last 20 years with the development of inhibitors to sEH it has been possible to increase the levels of EETs and other EpFAs in in vivo models. Recently, studies have shown that EETs play a key role in blocking inflammation in a bone resorption process, but the mechanism is not clear. In the current study we used the sEH inhibitor (1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea [TPPU]) to investigate the immunomodulatory effects in a mouse periodontitis model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were infected on days 0, 2, and 4 with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and divided into groups (n = 6) that were treated orally, daily for 15 days, with 1 mg/kg of TPPU. Then, the mice were killed and their jaws were analyzed for bone resorption using morphometry. Immunoinflammatory markers in the gingival tissue were analyzed by microarray PCR or western blotting. RESULTS Infected mice treated with TPPU showed lower bone resorption than infected mice without treatment. Interestingly, infected mice showed increased expression of sEH; however, mice treated with TPPU had a reduction in expression of sEH. Besides, several proinflammatory cytokines and molecular markers were downregulated in the gingival tissue in the group treated with 1 mg/kg of TPPU. CONCLUSION The sEH inhibitor, TPPU, showed immunomodulatory effects, decreasing bone resorption and inflammatory responses in a bone resorption mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Napimoga
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - E P Rocha
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C A Trindade-da-Silva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A P D Demasi
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - E F Martinez
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C G Macedo
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - H B Abdalla
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - A Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - F G Haj
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - B Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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18
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de Paiva Gonçalves V, Ortega AAC, Steffens JP, Spolidorio DMP, Rossa C, Spolidorio LC. Long-term testosterone depletion attenuates inflammatory bone resorption in the ligature-induced periodontal disease model. J Periodontol 2018; 89:466-475. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Paiva Gonçalves
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; Araraquara School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo State; UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Adriana Alicia C. Ortega
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; Araraquara School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo State; UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - João Paulo Steffens
- Department of Stomatology; Federal University of Paraná; UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; Araraquara School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo State; UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Luis C. Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo State; UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
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19
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Zameer S, Najmi AK, Vohora D, Akhtar M. Bisphosphonates: Future perspective for neurological disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:900-907. [PMID: 30096489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and osteoporosis share some common underlying pathological features including calcium overload, accumulation of toxic chemicals, inflammation and impaired protein prenylation by isoprenoids (farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate) appear later stage of life. Substantial number of pre-clinical and clinical reports as well as in vitro data univocally acknowledged the negative impact of altered post-translational modification (prenylation) of proteins like small GTPases (Rffhes, Rho, Rac etc.) and cholesterol levels in both serum and brain on CNS integrity. Bisphosphonates (BPs), referred to as gold standard for osteoporosis treatment, have well established role in attenuation of bone resorption and osteoclast apoptosis by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase enzyme (FPPS) in mevalonate pathway. BPs mainly nitrogen containing BPs (NBPs) have potential to offer new therapeutic targets for neurological disorders and received increasing attention in recent years. A year back clinical and pre-clinical studies revealed that NBPs have the potential to alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders like brain calcification, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease by targeting mevalonate pathway. Though these drugs have well developed role in inhibition of isoprenoids synthesis, these were demonstrated to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase enzyme and cholesterol synthesis in brain that are considered as the critical factors for impairment of cognitive functions which is the hallmark of several neurological disorders. Still the current understanding of BPs' effect in CNS is limited due to lack of studies focusing the molecular and cellular mechanism. The present review aims to reveal the updated discussion on the mechanism contributing BPs' effect in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly: Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly: Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly: Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly: Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
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20
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Pansani TN, Basso FG, Soares DG, Turrioni APDS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Photobiomodulation in the Metabolism of Lipopolysaccharides-exposed Epithelial Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:598-603. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; Araraquara of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara SP Brazil
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21
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Zhang W, Wu SZ, Zhou J, Chen HM, Gong YL, Peng FF, Zhang BF. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-34) reduces alveolar bone loss in type 1 diabetic rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:13-19. [PMID: 28689017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) in diabetic periodontitis. METHODS After injected with 55mg/kg streptozotocin, diabetic rats were treated subcutaneously with low-dose (40μg/kg, once daily for 5days per week), middle-dose (80μg/kg) or high-dose (160μg/kg) PTHrP(1-34) peptide. Treatment continued for 12 weeks. Changes in periodontal tissues were confirmed by micro-computerized tomography assay and H&E analysis. We used tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to identify osteoclast cells. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Tooth-supporting structure loss was observed in periodontal tissues of diabetic rats. PTHrP (1-34) attenuated alveolar bone loss, especially in the middle-dose and high-dose group. Whereas TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels were increased in the diabetic gingival tissues, PTHrP (1-34) treatment inhibited the increase of IL-1β and IL-6, but had no effect on TNF-α. CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes increased the susceptibility to periodontal disease. Intermittent administration of PTHrP (1-34) exhibited an inhibitory effect on alveolar bone resorption and the gingival inflammation in periodontal tissues of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China; Nursing and Medical School of Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Min Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye-Li Gong
- Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Aarabi G, Zeller T, Seedorf H, Reissmann D, Heydecke G, Schaefer A, Seedorf U. Genetic Susceptibility Contributing to Periodontal and Cardiovascular Disease. J Dent Res 2017; 96:610-617. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517699786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common diseases characterized by an overaggressive inflammatory response to diverse stimuli. Whereas PD leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, CAD is a chronic inflammatory condition ultimately causing myocardial infarction via narrowing and occluding of blood vessels. Classical twin studies led to the conclusion that both complex diseases have a similar degree of heritability and that a significant fraction of the genetic factors accounting for this heritability is shared. Recent genome-wide association and large-scale candidate gene studies highlight that variations in >50 genes are associated with premature CAD, while variations in only 4 genes showing nominally significant associations with aggressive periodontitis and/or chronic periodontitis have so far been identified. Remarkably, 3 of the PD loci (75%) show shared associations with CAD ( ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1, PLG, CAMTA1/VAMP3), suggesting involvement of common pathogenic mechanisms. In this critical review, we highlight recent progress in identifying genetic markers and variants associated with PD, present their overlap with CAD, and discuss functional aspects. In addition, we answer why a significant fraction of the heritability of PD is still missing, and we suggest approaches that may be taken to close the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D.R. Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Research Center ImmunoSciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Valverde P, Kawai T, Taubman MA. Potassium Channel-blockers as Therapeutic Agents to Interfere with Bone Resorption of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 84:488-99. [PMID: 15914584 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lesions of periodontal disease contain all the cellular components, including abundant activated/memory T- and B-cells, necessary to control immunological interactive networks and to accelerate bone resorption by RANKL-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Blockade of RANKL function has been shown to ameliorate periodontal bone resorption and other osteopenic disorders without affecting inflammation. Development of therapies aimed at decreasing the expression of RANKL and pro-inflammatory cytokines by T-cells constitutes a promising strategy to ameliorate not only bone resorption, but also inflammation. Several reports have demonstrated that the potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1, through the use of selective blockers, play important roles in T-cell-mediated events, including T-cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, a potassium channel-blocker for Kv1.3 has been shown to down-regulate bone resorption by decreasing the ratio of RANKL-to-OPG expression by memory-activated T-cells. In this article, we first summarize the mechanisms by which chronically activated/memory T-cells, in concert with B-cells and macrophages, trigger inflammatory bone resorption. Then, we describe the main structural and functional characteristics of potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1 in some of the cells implicated in periodontal disease progression. Finally, this review elucidates some recent advances in the use of potassium channel-blockers of Kv1.3 and IKCa1 to ameliorate the clinical signs or side-effects of several immunological disorders and to decrease inflammatory bone resorption in periodontal disease. ABBREVIATIONS: AICD, activation-induced cell death; APC, antigen-presenting cells; B(K), large conductance; CRAC, calcium release-activated calcium channels; DC, dendritic cell; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IP3, inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate; (K)ir, inward rectifier; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; I(K), intermediate conductance; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; L, ligand; MCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; TCM, central memory T-cells; TEM, effector memory T-cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; Omp29, 29-kDa outer membrane protein; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC, phospholipase C; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction; S(K), small conductance; TCR, T-cell receptor; and (K)v, voltage-gated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valverde
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Teng YTA. Protective and Destructive Immunity in the Periodontium: Part 2—T-cell-mediated Immunity in the Periodontium. J Dent Res 2016; 85:209-19. [PMID: 16498066 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of recent research in the field and Part 1 of this article (in this issue), the present paper will discuss the protective and destructive aspects of the T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity associated with the bacterial virulent factors or antigenic determinants during periodontal pathogenesis. Attention will be focused on: (i) osteoimmunology and periodontal disease; (ii) some molecular techniques developed and applied to identify critical microbial virulence factors or antigens associated with host immunity (with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis as the model species); and (iii) summarizing the identified virulence factors/antigens associated with periodontal immunity. Thus, further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host’s T-cell-mediated immune responses and the critical microbial antigens related to disease pathogenesis will facilitate the development of novel therapeutics or protocols for future periodontal treatments. Abbreviations used in the paper are as follows: A. actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Ab, antibody; DC, dendritic cells; mAb, monoclonal antibody; pAb, polyclonal antibody; OC, osteoclast; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; P. gingivalis ( Pg), Porphyromonas gingivalis; RANK, receptor activator of NF-κB; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; TCR, T-cell-receptors; TLR, Toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T A Teng
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Immunity, Eastman Department of Dentistry, Eastman Dental Center, Box-683, 625 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Silva TA, Garlet GP, Fukada SY, Silva JS, Cunha FQ. Chemokines in Oral Inflammatory Diseases: Apical Periodontitis and Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 86:306-19. [PMID: 17384024 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory oral diseases are characterized by the persistent migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In the last decade, there has been a great interest in the mediators responsible for the selective recruitment and activation of these cell types at inflammatory sites. Of these mediators, the chemokines have received particular attention in recent years. Chemokine messages are decoded by specific receptors that initiate signal transduction events, leading to a multitude of cellular responses, including chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory and bone cells. However, little is known about their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory oral diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings regarding the role of chemokines in periapical and periodontal tissue inflammation, and the integration, into experimental models, of the information about the role of chemokines in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Yu X, Wang Y, Lin J, Hu Y, Kawai T, Taubman MA, Han X. Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Suppression of Innate-Like B Cell Apoptosis Is Enhanced by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide and Requires Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165862. [PMID: 27812176 PMCID: PMC5094738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like B lymphocytes play an important role in innate immunity in periodontal disease through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. However, it is unknown how innate-like B cell apoptosis is affected by the periodontal infection-associated innate signals. This study is to determine the effects of two major TLR ligands, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), on innate-like B cell apoptosis. Spleen B cells were isolated from wild type (WT), TLR2 knockout (KO) and TLR4 KO mice and cultured with E. coli LPS alone, P. gingivalis LPS alone, or combined with CpG-ODN for 2 days. B cell apoptosis and expressions of specific apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR respectively. P. gingivalis LPS, but not E. coli LPS, reduced the percentage of AnnexinV+/7-AAD- cells within IgMhighCD23lowCD43-CD93- marginal zone (MZ) B cell sub-population and IgMhighCD23lowCD43+CD93+ innate response activator (IRA) B cell sub-population in WT but not TLR2KO or TLR4KO mice. CpG-ODN combined with P. gingivalis LPS further reduced the percentage of AnnexinV+/7-AAD- cells within MZ B cells and IRA B cells in WT but not TLR2 KO or TLR4 KO mice. Pro-apoptotic CASP4, CASP9 and Dapk1 were significantly down-regulated in P. gingivalis LPS- and CpG-ODN-treated B cells from WT but not TLR2 KO or TLR4 KO mice. Anti-apoptotic IL-10 was significantly up-regulated in P. gingivalis LPS- and CpG-ODN-treated B cells from WT and TLR2 KO but not TLR4 KO mice. These results suggested that both TLR2 and TLR4 signaling are required for P. gingivalis LPS-induced, CpG-ODN-enhanced suppression of innate-like B cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Key laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of stomatology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Martin A. Taubman
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Fokkema
- Dental Hygiene School; University of Applied Sciences Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Periodontal Practice Fokkema; ‘s-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands
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Pradeep AR, Nagpal K, Karvekar S, Patnaik K. Levels of lipocalin-2 in crevicular fluid and tear fluid in chronic periodontitis and obesity subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:376-382. [PMID: 26097179 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lipocalin-2, a 25 kDa secretory glycoprotein, was first found in the neutrophilic granules of humans and in mouse kidney cells. It has been shown to have an important role in inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lipocalin-2 in gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid in patients with obesity and chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 40 subjects in the age group 25-40 years were divided into four groups based on probing depth, gingival index, clinical attachment level, body mass index, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. The groups were: nonobese healthy group; obese healthy group; nonobese chronic periodontitis group; obese chronic periodontitis group Gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid samples were collected on the subsequent day. RESULTS There was an increase in lipocalin-2 levels from group 1 to group 4 (with the nonobese healthy group showing the least levels and obese chronic periodontitis group showing the highest levels) in both gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid. CONCLUSION Lipocalin-2 may be an important inflammatory marker that may help link obesity and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Raju Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
| | - Kanika Nagpal
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Shruti Karvekar
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Kaushik Patnaik
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Aydin K, Ekinci FY, Korachi M. Expression Profiles of TGF-β and TLR Pathways in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia Challenged Osteoblasts. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e17920. [PMID: 26034550 PMCID: PMC4449864 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.17920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of certain oral pathogens at implant sites can hinder the osseointegration process. However, it is unclear how and by what microorganisms it happens. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether the presence of oral pathogens of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia individually, play a role in the failure of bone formation by determining the expression profiles of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β/Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathways in challenged osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia challenged osteoblasts were determined by WST assay. Changes in osteoblast morphology and inhibition of mineralization were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Von Kossa staining, respectively. Expression of TGF-β and TLR pathway genes on challenged cells were identified by RT profiler array. Both P. gingivalis and P. intermedia challenges resulted in reduced viability and mineralization of osteoblasts. RESULTS Viability was reduced to 56.8% (P. gingivalis) and 52.75% (P. intermedia) at 1000 multiplicity. Amongst 48 genes examined, expressions of BMPER, SMAD1, IL8 and NFRKB were found to be highly upregulated by both bacterial challenges (Fold Change > 4). CONCLUSIONS P. gingivalis and P. intermedia could play a role in implant failure by changing the expression profiles of genes related to bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Aydin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yesim Ekinci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - May Korachi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author: May Korachi, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90-2165782653, Fax: +90-2165780829, E-mail:
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Zhao J, Li Q, Pan CL, Liu JC, Wang HY, Tan LS, Pan YP. Gene expression changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 after inoculation in rat oral cavity. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:111. [PMID: 26001932 PMCID: PMC4493947 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of chronic periodontitis was due to not only periodontal pathogens, but also the interaction between periodontal pathogens and host. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations in gene expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) W83 after inoculation in rat oral cavity. Results P.gingivalis W83 inoculation in rat oral cavity caused inflammatory responses in gingival tissues and destroyed host alveolar bone. Microarray analysis revealed that 42 genes were upregulated, and 22 genes were downregulated in the detected 1786 genes in the inoculated P.gingivalis W83. Real-time quantitative PCR detection confirmed the expression alterations in some selected genes. Products of these upregulated and downregulated genes are mainly related to transposon functions, cell transmembrane transportation, protein and nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, cell division and bacterial pathogenicity. Conclusions P.gingivalis W83 has a pathogenic effect on host oral cavity. Meanwhile, inflammatory oral environment alters P.gingivalis W83 gene expression profile. These changes in gene expression may limit the proliferation and weaken the pathogenicity of P.gingivalis W83, and favor themselves to adapt local environment for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Chun-Ling Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Jun-Chao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Li-Si Tan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China.
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Talaat RM, Sidek A, Mosalem A, Kholief A. Effect of bisphosphonates treatment on cytokine imbalance between TH17 and Treg in osteoporosis. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:119-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (METs) and periodontal diseases are emerging worldwide community health problem. These common health problems may result with significant complications and increase community health expenses. METs is defined with the presence of hypertension, increased triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. The term "periodontal diseases" defines pathological inflammatory conditions of the gingiva and supporting tooth structures. In this review, basic clinical features and associations between metabolic syndrome and periodontal diseases have been underlined. In addition, basic research topics have been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatipoglu
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Dentistry/Periodontology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - F Yaylak
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Y Gungor
- Beypazari State Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Beypazari, Ankara, Turkey
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Prates TP, Taira TM, Holanda MC, Bignardi LA, Salvador SL, Zamboni DS, Cunha FQ, Fukada SY. NOD2 contributes to Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced bone resorption. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1155-62. [PMID: 25239844 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514551770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptors are cytoplasmic proteins that sense microbial by-products released by invasive bacteria. Although NOD1 and NOD2 are functionally expressed in cells from oral tissues and play a role triggering immune responses, the role of NOD2 receptor in the bone resorption and in the modulation of osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. We show that in an experimental model of periodontitis with Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, NOD2(-/-) mice showed lower bone resorption when compared to wild type. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that wild-type infected mice showed an elevated RANKL/OPG ratio when compared to NOD2(-/-) infected mice. Moreover, the expression of 2 osteoclast activity markers-cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase 9-was significantly lower in gingival tissue from NOD2(-/-) infected mice compared to WT infected ones. The in vitro study reported an increase in the expression of the NOD2 receptor 24 hr after stimulation of hematopoietic bone marrow cells with M-CSF and RANKL. We also evaluated the effect of direct activation of NOD2 receptor on osteoclastogenesis, by the activation of this receptor in preosteoclasts culture, with different concentrations of muramyl dipeptide. The results show no difference in the number of TRAP-positive cells. Although it did not alter the osteoclasts differentiation, the activation of NOD2 receptor led to a significant increase of cathepsin K expression. We confirm that this enzyme was active, since the osteoclasts resorption capacity was enhanced by muramyl dipeptide stimulation, evaluated in osteoassay plate. These results show that the lack of NOD2 receptor impairs the bone resorption, suggesting that NOD2 receptor could contribute to the progression of bone resorption in experimental model of periodontitis. The stimulation of NOD2 by its agonist, muramyl dipeptide, did not affect osteoclastogenesis, but it does favor the bone resorption capacity identified by increased osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Prates
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Taira
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - M C Holanda
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - L A Bignardi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - D S Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
| | - F Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
| | - S Y Fukada
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
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Irie K, Novince CM, Darveau RP. Impact of the Oral Commensal Flora on Alveolar Bone Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:801-6. [PMID: 24935067 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514540173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of healthy periodontal tissues is affected by innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora. Recent comparisons of germ-free (GF) and normal specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice have revealed the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora on alveolar bone height. Prior reports that alveolar bone height is significantly less in normal SPF mice compared with their age- and strain-matched GF counterparts suggest that naturally occurring alveolar bone loss is a normal component of healthy periodontal tissue homeostasis. In this report, histomorphometric analyses confirmed increased alveolar bone loss and revealed increased numbers of TRAP+ osteoclastic cells lining the alveolar bone surface in SPF compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of RANKL+ cells and IL17+ cells in the periodontium of SPF mice demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms mediating the up-regulated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss in SPF mice compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of T-lymphocytic cells and T-helper cells in the junctional epithelium of SPF mice compared with GF mice suggest that the adaptive immune response contributes to physiologic alveolar bone loss in the healthy periodontium. This GF animal model study notably begins to elucidate the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora, mediating catabolic alveolar bone homeostasis in the healthy periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Irie
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - C M Novince
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - R P Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Vaithilingam RD, Safii SH, Baharuddin NA, Ng CC, Cheong SC, Bartold PM, Schaefer AS, Loos BG. Moving into a new era of periodontal genetic studies: relevance of large case-control samples using severe phenotypes for genome-wide association studies. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:683-95. [PMID: 24528298 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies to elucidate the role of genetics as a risk factor for periodontal disease have gone through various phases. In the majority of cases, the initial 'hypothesis-dependent' candidate-gene polymorphism studies did not report valid genetic risk loci. Following a large-scale replication study, these initially positive results are believed to be caused by type 1 errors. However, susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2BAS (Cyclin Dependend KiNase 2B AntiSense RNA; alias ANRIL [ANtisense Rna In the Ink locus]), glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), have been reported as conclusive risk loci of periodontitis. The search for genetic risk factors accelerated with the advent of 'hypothesis-free' genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, despite many different GWAS being performed for almost all human diseases, only three GWAS on periodontitis have been published - one reported genome-wide association of GLT6D1 with aggressive periodontitis (a severe phenotype of periodontitis), whereas the remaining two, which were performed on patients with chronic periodontitis, were not able to find significant associations. This review discusses the problems faced and the lessons learned from the search for genetic risk variants of periodontitis. Current and future strategies for identifying genetic variance in periodontitis, and the importance of planning a well-designed genetic study with large and sufficiently powered case-control samples of severe phenotypes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Vaithilingam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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de Melo e Silva T, Bearare GP, Sumida DH, Callera JC. Periodontal disease reduces water and sodium intake induced by injection of muscimol into the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1369-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Myneni SR, Settem RP, Sharma A. Bacteria take control of tolls and T cells to destruct jaw bone. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:519-31. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.822761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cury PR, Carmo JP, Horewicz VV, Santos JN, Barbuto JA. Altered phenotype and function of dendritic cells in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1208-16. [PMID: 23623310 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of periodontal bacterial lysates on maturation and function of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (m-MDDCs) derived from individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP) or healthy periodontal tissue (HP). DESIGN m-MDDCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes, cultured for 7 days in presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), were stimulated with lysates of Streptococcus sanguinis, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or Treponema denticola on day 4, and were then phenotyped. IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma concentration in the supernatant of cultures were measured. RESULTS Expression of HLA-DR was lower in bacterial-unstimulated mature m-MDDC from CP compared to HP (p=0.04), while expression of CD1a and CD123 were higher in CP. The expression pattern of HLA-DR, CD11c, CD123, and CD1a did not change on bacterial stimulation, regardless of the bacteria. Stimulation with P. intermedia upregulated CD80 and CD86 in CP cells (p≤0.05). Production of IL-12p70 by bacterial-unstimulated m-MDDCs was 5.8-fold greater in CP compared to HP. Bacterial stimulation further increased IL-12p70 production while decreasing IL-10. Significantly more IFN-gamma was produced in co-cultures of CP m-MDDCs than with HP m-MDDCs when cells were stimulated with P. intermedia (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial-unstimulated m-MDDC from CP exhibited a more immature phenotype but a cytokine profile biased towards proinflammatory response; this pattern was maintained/exacerbated after bacterial stimulation. P. intermedia upregulated co-stimulatory molecules and IFN-gamma expression in CP m-MDDC. These events might contribute to periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Araujo Pinho 62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Settem RP, Honma K, Nakajima T, Phansopa C, Roy S, Stafford GP, Sharma A. A bacterial glycan core linked to surface (S)-layer proteins modulates host immunity through Th17 suppression. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:415-26. [PMID: 22968422 PMCID: PMC4049606 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is a pathogen implicated in periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues often leading to tooth loss. This key periodontal pathogen is decorated with a unique glycan core O-glycosidically linked to the bacterium's proteinaceous surface (S)-layer lattice and other glycoproteins. Herein, we show that the terminal motif of this glycan core acts to modulate dendritic cell effector functions to suppress T-helper (Th)17 responses. In contrast to the wild-type bacterial strain, infection with a mutant strain lacking the complete S-layer glycan core induced robust Th17 and reduced periodontal bone loss in mice. Our findings demonstrate that surface glycosylation of this pathogen may act to ensure its persistence in the host likely through suppression of Th17 responses. In addition, our data suggest that the bacterium then induces the Toll-like receptor 2-Th2 inflammatory axis that has previously been shown to cause bone destruction. Our study provides a biological basis for pathogenesis and opens opportunities in exploiting bacterial glycans as therapeutic targets against periodontitis and a range of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Takuma Nakajima
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Chatchawal Phansopa
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Sumita Roy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
,Correspondence: Tel: (716) 829-2759; Fax: (716) 829-3942
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Pradeep A, Kumari M, Kalra N, Priyanka N. Correlation of MCP-4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of inflammation in obesity and chronic periodontitis. Cytokine 2013; 61:772-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Huang N, Baer MT, Gibson FC. Role of MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis-elicited macrophage foam cell formation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:28-39. [PMID: 23194377 PMCID: PMC3543481 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies and experimental modeling identify a potential link between periodontal disease and periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and atherosclerosis and formation of macrophage foam cells. Toll-like receptors and molecules governing their intracellular signaling pathways such as MyD88 play roles in atherosclerosis, as well as host response to P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to define roles of MyD88 and TRIF during macrophage foam cell formation in response to P. gingivalis. In the presence of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMφ) cultured with P. gingivalis responded with significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The BMφ stained strongly with oil red O, regardless of whether bacterial challenge occurred concurrent with or before LDL treatment. Heat-killed P. gingivalis stimulated foam cell formation in a similar way to live bacteria. The BMφ from MyD88-knockout and Lps2 mice revealed a significant role for MyD88, and a minor role for TRIF in P. gingivalis-elicited foam cell formation. Porphyromonas gingivalis-elicited TNF-α and IL-6 were affected by MyD88 ablation and to a lesser extent by TRIF status. These data indicate that LDL affects the TNF-α and IL-6 response of macrophages to P. gingivalis challenge and that MyD88 and TRIF play important roles in P. gingivalis-elicited foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasi Huang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Frank C. Gibson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
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Association between polymorphisms in interleukin-17A and -17F genes and chronic periodontal disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:846052. [PMID: 23304063 PMCID: PMC3523166 DOI: 10.1155/2012/846052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine that induces neutrophil recruitment and the release of inflammatory mediators in several inflammatory conditions; nevertheless, the involvement of IL-17 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis (CP) has not been addressed yet. Our aim was to evaluate the association between periodontal status and the polymorphisms IL-17A G197A and IL-17F C7488T in subjects with CP along with their impact on levels of inflammatory mediators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genomic DNA was obtained from 30 CP patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). IL-17A G197A and IL-17F C7488T polymorphisms were determined using PCR-RFLP. Serum and periodontal tissues were collected and processed for ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and/or microscopic analysis. RESULTS The frequencies of genotypes in the CP group were significantly different from those of HC. Odds ratio indicated that increased risks for CP were associated with the -197A allele, not with the -7488T allele. In addition, the -197A allele was correlated with worse clinical parameters, higher MPO activity, and increased expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-17A and IL-8) than the other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the IL-17A -197A allele is associated with increased risk for CP, likely because this genotype relates to the enhanced inflammation in periodontal tissues.
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Ruediger T, Berg A, Guellmar A, Rode C, Schnabelrauch M, Urbanek A, Wagner K, Wyrwa R, Kinne RW, Sigusch BW. Cytocompatibility of polymer-based periodontal bone substitutes in gingival fibroblast and MC3T3 osteoblast cell cultures. Dent Mater 2012; 28:e239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Souza JACD, Rossa C, Garlet GP, Nogueira AVB, Cirelli JA. Modulation of host cell signaling pathways as a therapeutic approach in periodontal disease. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:128-38. [PMID: 22666826 PMCID: PMC3894752 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, new treatment approaches have been developed to target the host component
of periodontal disease. This review aims at providing updated information on
host-modulating therapies, focusing on treatment strategies for inhibiting signal
transduction pathways involved in inflammation. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK,
NFκB and JAK/STAT pathways are being developed to manage rheumatoid arthritis,
periodontal disease and other inflammatory diseases. Through these agents,
inflammatory mediators can be inhibited at cell signaling level, interfering on
transcription factors activation and inflammatory gene expression. Although these
drugs offer great potential to modulate host response, their main limitations are
lack of specificity and developments of side effects. After overcoming these
limitations, adjunctive host modulating drugs will provide new therapeutic strategies
for periodontal treatment.
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Bogdanovska L, Kukeska S, Popovska M, Petkovska R, Goracinova K. Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of periodontitis. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2012. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2012.58.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process which affects the tooth - supporting structures of the teeth. The disease is initiated by subgingival periopathogenic bacteria in susceptible periodontal sites. The host immune response towards periodontal pathogens helps to sustain periodontal disease and eventual alveolar bone loss. Although scaling and root planing is the standard treatment modality for periodontitis, it suffers from several drawbacks such as the inability to reach the base of deep pockets and doesn’t arrest migration of periodontal pathogens from other sites in the oral cavity. In order to overcome the limitations of scaling and root planning, adjunctive chemotherapeutics and host modulatory agents to the treatment are used. These therapeutic agents show substantial beneficial effects when compared to scaling and root planning alone. This review will cover an update on chemotherapeutic and past and future host immune modulatory agents used adjunctively to treat and manage periodontal diseases.
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Myneni SR, Settem RP, Connell TD, Keegan AD, Gaffen SL, Sharma A. TLR2 signaling and Th2 responses drive Tannerella forsythia-induced periodontal bone loss. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:501-9. [PMID: 21632710 PMCID: PMC3119786 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of the tooth-supporting soft tissue and alveolar bone due to infection by a select group of gram-negative microbes, which leads to tooth loss if untreated. Because mice deficient in CD4(+) cells are resistant to infection-induced alveolar bone loss, Th cells have been implicated in bone-destructive processes during PD. However, the extent to which different Th cell subtypes play roles in pathogenesis or host protection remains to be defined and is likely to vary depending on the dominant microorganism involved. By far, Porphyromonas gingivalis is the best-studied periodontal microbe in PD. Although the gram-negative anaerobe Tannerella forsythia is also a vital contributor to periodontal bone loss, almost nothing is known about immune responses to this organism. Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that T. forsythia induces periodontal bone loss in mice and that this bone loss depends on the bacterially expressed BspA protein. In this study, we showed that T. forsythia activates murine APCs primarily through TLR2-dependent signaling via BspA. Furthermore, T. forsythia infection causes a pronounced Th2 bias, evidenced by T cell expression of IL-5, but not IFN-γ or IL-17, in draining lymph nodes. Consistently, deficiencies in TLR2 or STAT6 result in resistance to T. forsythia-induced alveolar bone loss. Thus, TLR2 signaling and Th2 cells play pathogenic roles in T. forsythia-induced alveolar bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R. Myneni
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Rajendra P. Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Terry D. Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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Osmotic pressure of gingiva in periodontitis: Correlation with gingival proinflammatory cytokine production and alveolar bone destruction. J Dent Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Hernández M, Gamonal J, Salo T, Tervahartiala T, Hukkanen M, Tjäderhane L, Sorsa T. Reduced expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis in matrix metalloproteinase-8 null mice. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:58-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Ali J, Pramod K, Tahir MA, Ansari SH. Autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:426-31. [PMID: 21256252 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are characterized by localized infections and inflammatory conditions and directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Lymphocytes, cytokines and complement system are reported to have an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases. The mechanisms underlying these responses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Kataria NG, Bartold PM, Dharmapatni AASK, Atkins GJ, Holding CA, Haynes DR. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 protein (Fn14), in healthy tissues and in tissues affected by periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:564-73. [PMID: 20546112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host-derived enzymes, cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators play an integral role in periodontal destruction. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 protein (Fn14), are elevated in tissues from a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 at the protein and mRNA levels in gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients and from clinically healthy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival biopsies were obtained from healthy sites (n = 7) and from sites affected by periodontitis (n = 27). The expression of TWEAK and Fn14 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The levels of mRNA for TWEAK and Fn14 were also investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of TWEAK and Fn14 proteins was significantly higher in periodontitis tissue than in healthy tissue. In periodontitis tissues, TWEAK and Fn14 proteins were mainly expressed by mononuclear leukocytes (morphologically resembling lymphocytes and plasma cells), by cells lining blood vessels, by spindle-shaped cells resembling fibroblasts and by multinucleated cells. The Fn14 mRNA level in periodontitis tissue was significantly higher than that in healthy tissue. A moderate correlation between TWEAK/Fn14 expression and inflammation and bone loss, but not pocket depth, was noted. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates higher expression of TWEAK protein and of Fn14 mRNA and protein in periodontitis tissues than in clinically healthy controls. Our data support the concept that TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is an additional player in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and adds to the increasing number of cytokine networks involved in periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Kataria
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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