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Yang H, Letendre A, Shea-Budgell M, Bill L, Healy BA, Shewchuk B, Nelson G, Newsome J, Chiang B, Rahul CR, Kopciuk KA. Cervical cancer screening outcomes among First Nations and non-First Nations women in Alberta, Canada. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 93:102672. [PMID: 39276728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer disproportionately affects First Nations women in Canada but there is limited information on their participation in organized cervical cancer screening programs. METHODS This co-led retrospective cohort study linked population-based Alberta Cervical Cancer Screening Program point of care data with First Nations identifiers. This Screening Program database includes cervical cancer screening history, screen test results, colposcopy procedure findings, and pathology results for all women in Alberta. First Nations identifiers were obtained from Alberta Health who steward these data on their behalf. Data were available from 2012 to 2018 for women 25 - 69 years of age who were age eligible to participate in cervical cancer screening. Screening participation and retention rates, and screening outcomes were compared between First Nations and non- First Nations women using descriptive statistics with trends estimated using joinpoint models. RESULTS Age standardized screening participation and retention rates of First Nations women were lower than those for the non-First Nations women, with an average difference of 13.9 % lower for participation rates (95 % confidence interval = 12.9-14.8 %; P <.0001) and 7.2 % for retention rates (95 % confidence interval = 2.2 % to 12.72; P = 0.013). First Nations women consistently had higher percentages of high risk (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, atypical glandular cells, atypical squamous cells where HSIL cannot be excluded, Carcinoma in situ) abnormal cytology tests than non-First Nations women. CONCLUSION Identifying where inequities were found in cervical cancer screening participation and retention in this study is the first step to reduce the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer for First Nations women in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Angeline Letendre
- Public Health Evidence & Innovation, Provincial, Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, 11634-122 Street, Edmonton, AB T5M 0C2, Canada
| | - Melissa Shea-Budgell
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Lea Bill
- Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre, P.O. Box 410, 9911 Chiila Blvd., Tsuu T'ina, AB T3T 0E1, Canada
| | - Bonnie A Healy
- Siksikaitsitapi - Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council, P.O. Box 916, Standoff, AB T0L 1Y0, Canada
| | - Brittany Shewchuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Gregg Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - James Newsome
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Bonnie Chiang
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Chinmoy Roy Rahul
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Best G, Morunga E, Wells A, Allison J, Reynolds L. A Cross-Sectional Survey Investigating Māori and Non-Māori Cancer Patients' Views on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39230415 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
People with cancer experience higher rates of psychological dysfunction than the general population, with extreme inequity among indigenous people. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a reemerging area with promising evidence as a treatment for mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of PAT in indigenous (Māori) and non-indigenous cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Eighty-five cancer patients (Māori n = 32, non-Māori n = 53) completed a brief anonymous survey assessing demographics, psychological factors, and awareness and perceptions of PAT. Participants were recruited online (via social media and cancer support e-mail lists) and in person at Auckland City Hospital. Maori had significantly poorer psychological well-being than non-Māori. All participants had low awareness of this novel treatment and held largely neutral attitudes. Regression analyses revealed that predictors of more favorable attitudes toward PAT included greater awareness of psychedelics, advanced cancer stage, younger age, poorer holistic well-being, greater demoralization, and prioritizing treatment effectiveness over possible risks and uncertainty. The current study provides a foundational step in exploring perceptions toward PAT in indigenous and non-indigenous groups. These results have the potential to shape future research trials investigating PAT and further highlight the importance of indigenous involvement in the psychedelic research space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Best
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eva Morunga
- Te Toka Tumai - Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alesha Wells
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Allison
- Te Pūriri o Te Ora, Te Toka Tumai-Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sethi S, Ju X, Logan R, Hedges J, Garvey G, Jamieson L. Lip, oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: First report from Australian population-based cancer registry, 1999-2018. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:182-188. [PMID: 38469883 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian Burden of Disease Study has shown that cancer is the single most important entity responsible for the greatest cause of health burden in Australia. Unfortunately, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience a greater burden of this disease, with cancer of the lung, breast, bowel and prostrate being the most common. Lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer incidence is rapidly rising globally and is now the sixth most common cancer in Australia. This paper aims to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and prevalence trends of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. METHODS Data were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database (ACD), which is compiled at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) from 1999 to 2018 to estimate the incidence and prevalence of certain head and neck cancers (ICD-10 codes C00-C10, C14). The other variables requested were age groups and sex. RESULTS Results were stratified by ICD-10 code, sex and age group at diagnosis and time period (i.e. grouped years of diagnosis). The total incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers increased by 1.3 times from 1999 to 2008 (107/100 000) to 2009-2018 (135/100 000). The overall 5-year prevalence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers was 0.17% (0.24% for men and 0.09% for women). CONCLUSIONS The significantly increased incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia is concerning and should be explored. A targeted, comprehensive and culturally safe model of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - X Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Logan
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Hedges
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Garvey
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Signal V, Smith M, Costello S, Davies A, Dawkins P, Jackson CGCA, Koea J, Whitehead J, Gurney J. Indigenous access to clinical services along the lung cancer treatment pathway: a review of current evidence. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01904-1. [PMID: 39150625 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a deadly cancer. Early diagnosis and access to timely treatment are essential to maximizing the likelihood of survival. Indigenous peoples experience enduring disparities in lung cancer survival, and disparities in access to and through lung cancer services is one of the important drivers of these disparities. In this manuscript, we aimed to examine the current evidence on disparities in Indigenous access to services along the lung cancer treatment pathway. METHODS A narrative literature review was conducted for all manuscripts and reports published up until July 20, 2022, using Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Following the identification of eligible literature, full-text versions were scanned for relevance for inclusion in this review, and relevant information was extracted. After scanning 1,459 documents for inclusion, our final review included 36 manuscripts and reports that included information on lung cancer service access for Indigenous peoples relative to non-Indigenous peoples. These documents included data from Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and the USA (including Hawai'i). RESULTS Our review found evidence of disparities in access to, and the journey through, lung cancer care for Indigenous peoples. Disparities were most obvious in access to early detection and surgery, with inconsistent evidence regarding other components of the pathway. CONCLUSION These observations are made amid relatively scant data in a global sense, highlighting the need for improved data collection and monitoring of cancer care and outcomes for Indigenous peoples worldwide. Access to early detection and guideline-concordant treatment are essential to addressing enduring disparities in cancer survival experienced by Indigenous peoples globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Signal
- University of Otago Wellington, Newtown, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Moira Smith
- University of Otago Wellington, Newtown, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Davies
- University of Otago Wellington, Newtown, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Paul Dawkins
- Te Whatu Ora - Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Jason Gurney
- University of Otago Wellington, Newtown, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
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Malagón T, Franco EL, Tejada R, Vaccarella S. Epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers past, present and future: towards prevention and elimination. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:522-538. [PMID: 38760499 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the first cancer deemed amenable to elimination through prevention, and thus lessons from the epidemiology and prevention of this cancer type can provide information on strategies to manage other cancers. Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes virtually all cervical cancers, and an important proportion of oropharyngeal, anal and genital cancers. Whereas 20th century prevention efforts were dominated by cytology-based screening, the present and future of HPV-associated cancer prevention relies mostly on HPV vaccination and molecular screening tests. In this Review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers, their disease burden, how past and contemporary preventive interventions have shaped their incidence and mortality, and the potential for elimination. We particularly focus on the cofactors that could have the greatest effect on prevention efforts, such as parity and human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as on social determinants of health. Given that the incidence of and mortality from HPV-associated cancers remain strongly associated with the socioeconomic status of individuals and the human development index of countries, elimination efforts are unlikely to succeed unless prevention efforts focus on health equity, with a commitment to both primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Malagón
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- St Mary's Research Centre, Montréal West Island CIUSSS, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romina Tejada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Spees LP, Jackson BE, Raveendran Y, Morris HN, Emerson MA, Baggett CD, Bell RA, Salas AI, Meernik C, Akinyemiju TF, Wheeler SB. Characterizing Cancer Burden in the American Indian Population in North Carolina. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:838-845. [PMID: 38578081 PMCID: PMC11147726 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Indian (AI) population in North Carolina has limited access to the Indian Health Service. Consequently, cancer burden and disparities may differ from national estimates. We describe the AI cancer population and examine AI-White disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS We identified cancer cases diagnosed among adult AI and White populations between 2014 and 2018 from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. We estimated incidence and mortality rate ratios (IRR and MRR) by race. In addition, between the AI and White populations, we estimated the ratio of relative frequency differences [RRF, with 95% confidence limits (CL)] of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Finally, we evaluated the geographic distribution of incident diagnoses among AI populations. RESULTS Our analytic sample included 2,161 AI and 204,613 White individuals with cancer. Compared with the White population, the AI population was more likely to live in rural areas (48% vs. 25%; RRF, 1.89; 95% CL, 1.81-1.97) and to have Medicaid (18% vs. 7%; RRF, 2.49; 95% CL, 2.27-2.71). Among the AI population, the highest age-standardized incidence rates were female breast, followed by prostate and lung and bronchus. Liver cancer incidence was significantly higher among the AI population than White population (IRR, 1.27; 95% CL, 1.01-1.59). AI patients had higher mortality rates for prostate (MRR, 1.72; CL, 1.09-2.70), stomach (MRR, 1.82; 95% CL, 1.15-2.86), and liver (MRR, 1.70; 95% CL, 1.25-2.33) cancers compared with White patients. CONCLUSIONS To reduce prostate, stomach, and liver cancer disparities among AI populations in North Carolina, multi-modal interventions targeting risk factors and increasing screening and treatment are needed. IMPACT This study identifies cancer disparities that can inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes among AI populations in North Carolina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P. Spees
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
| | | | | | | | - Marc A. Emerson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH
| | - Christopher D. Baggett
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH
| | - Ronny A. Bell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH
| | - Ana I. Salas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
| | | | | | - Stephanie B. Wheeler
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH
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Muslin C. Addressing the burden of cervical cancer for Indigenous women in Latin America and the Caribbean: a call for action. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376748. [PMID: 38807996 PMCID: PMC11130434 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, poses a significant global health challenge. Due to higher levels of poverty and health inequities, Indigenous women worldwide are more vulnerable to cervical cancer than their non-Indigenous counterparts. However, despite constituting nearly 10% of the population in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the true extent of the burden of cervical cancer among Indigenous people in this region remains largely unknown. This article reviews the available information on cervical cancer incidence and mortality, as well as HPV infection prevalence, among Indigenous women in LAC. The limited existing data suggest that Indigenous women in this region face a heightened risk of cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared to non-Indigenous women. Nevertheless, a substantial knowledge gap persists that must be addressed to comprehensively assess the burden of cervical cancer among Indigenous populations, especially through enhancing cancer surveillance across LAC countries. Numerous structural, social and cultural barriers hindering Indigenous women's access to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening worldwide have been identified and are reviewed in this article. The discussion highlights the critical role of culturally sensitive education, community engagement, and empowerment strategies in overcoming those barriers. Drawing insights from the success of targeted strategies in certain high-income countries, the present article advocates for research, policies and healthcare interventions tailored to the unique context of LAC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Bedi S, Strachan R, Zehbe I. Awareness of human papillomavirus infection among Indigenous males in North America and Oceania: a Scoping Review. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:437-449. [PMID: 37831275 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01804-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly transmitted sexually transmitted infection. HPV infections have been on the rise among males, especially in the form of oropharyngeal cancer. Despite this, there is a gap in healthcare guidelines to increase HPV vaccine administration among males. In this study, we focus on the Indigenous population of North America and Oceania to determine existing barriers resulting in low HPV vaccination rates among the population. METHOD We surveyed peer-reviewed literature on the awareness of HPV infection among Indigenous males in North America and Oceania. Using keywords HPV plus male, men or boy, and ethnical filters such as Indigenous, Aboriginal or First Nations, we retrieved 54 articles based on titles, of which 15 were included after reading the abstracts. RESULTS Reported HPV awareness was generally low in Indigenous males in North America, with no peer-reviewed data from Oceania. The lower understanding by males compared to females was largely attributable to misconceptions about HPV-related diseases, their transmission, and prevention. Lack of awareness and concern toward the risk of contracting HPV infection in Indigenous males suggests an impediment in disseminating health information about this cancer-causing virus. CONCLUSION Culturally sensitive education, with emphasis on Indigenous males, is needed to improve this group's HPV knowledge. Researchers should also engage meaningfully with Indigenous communities by building rapport to achieve a positive change in attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Bedi
- Biology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada.
| | - Robert Strachan
- Biology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Biology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Taylor EV, Dugdale S, Connors CM, Garvey G, Thompson SC. "A Huge Gap": Health Care Provider Perspectives on Cancer Screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in the Northern Territory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:141. [PMID: 38397632 PMCID: PMC10887611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Northern Territory (NT). Accessible and culturally appropriate cancer screening programs are a vital component in reducing the burden of cancer. Primary health care plays a pivotal role in facilitating the uptake of cancer screening in the NT, due to the significant challenges caused by large distances, limited resources, and cultural differences. This paper analyses health care provider perspectives and approaches to the provision of cancer screening to Aboriginal people in the NT that were collected as part of a larger study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 staff from 15 health services, including 8 regional, remote, and very remote primary health care (PHC) clinics, 3 hospitals, a cancer centre, and 3 cancer support services. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Cancer screening by remote and very remote PHC clinics in the NT is variable, with some staff seeing cancer screening as a "huge gap", while others see it as lower priority compared to other conditions due to a lack of resourcing and the overwhelming burden of acute and chronic disease. Conversely, some clinics see screening as an area where they are performing well, with systematic screening, targeted programs, and high screening rates. There was a large variation in perceptions of the breast screening and cervical screening programs. However, participants universally reported that the bowel screening kit was complicated and not culturally appropriate for their Aboriginal patients, which led to low uptake. System-level improvements are required, including increased funding and resourcing for screening programs, and for PHC clinics in the NT. Being appropriately resourced would assist PHC clinics to incorporate a greater emphasis on cancer screening into adult health checks and would support PHCs to work with local communities to co-design targeted cancer screening programs and culturally relevant education activities. Addressing these issues are vital for NT PHC clinics to address the existing cancer screening gaps and achieving the Australian Government pledge to be the first nation in the world to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2035. The implementation of the National Lung Cancer Screening Program in 2025 also presents an opportunity to deliver greater benefits to Aboriginal communities and reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Taylor
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia
| | - Sarah Dugdale
- Health Statistics and Informatics, NT Health, Darwin, NT 0800, Australia
| | | | - Gail Garvey
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sandra C Thompson
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia
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Tatari CR, Andersen B, Kirkegaard P. "We're the very bottom, so it's going to be hard for you to 'catch any fish' around here…" understanding vulnerable Greenlanders' perspectives on cancer and barriers to screening in Denmark- A qualitative study. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:11. [PMID: 38254148 PMCID: PMC10802048 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major global health concern. Unfortunately, Indigenous populations such as Greenlanders living in Denmark, face significant disparities in cancer risk, incidence, diagnosis, care quality, and outcomes. In Denmark, vulnerable Greenlanders face challenges accessing cancer screening. The aim of this study was to explore their perceptions of cancer, barriers to participation in cancer screening, and potential for developing a tailored intervention. METHODS This qualitative study was based on participant observations and qualitative interviews. The sample comprised 46 participants from four distinct drop-in centres. Of these, 28 were vulnerable Greenlanders (19 women and 9 men), 9 were staff members (6 women and 3 men), and 6 were relatives (4 women and 2 men). The data were analysed through inductive content analysis. RESULTS Vulnerable Greenlanders in Denmark believed they were responsible for their own health and were generally satisfied with the healthcare system. However, they found it challenging to manage their own health and many depended on support from others. Fear of cancer and death shaped their attitudes towards screening. CONCLUSION For vulnerable Greenlanders in Denmark participation in cancer screening programmes was positively viewed for most but could be challenging. Different intervention ideas raised by the vulnerable Greenlanders, relatives and staff members could guide the development of strategies to increase participation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rahr Tatari
- Department of Public Health Programmes, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Berit Andersen
- Department of Public Health Programmes, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Kirkegaard
- Department of Public Health Programmes, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Letendre A, Shewchuk B, Healy BA, Chiang B, Bill L, Newsome J, Rahul CR, Yang H, Kopciuk KA. Assessing Breast Cancer Screening and Outcomes Among First Nations Women in Alberta. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241230763. [PMID: 38299564 PMCID: PMC10836128 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241230763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) incidence rates for First Nations (FN) women in Canada have been steadily increasing and are often diagnosed at a later stage. Despite efforts to expand the reach of BC screening programs for FN populations in Alberta (AB), gaps in screening and outcomes exist. METHODS Existing population-based administrative databases including the AB BC Screening Program, the AB Cancer Registry, and an AB-specific FN registry data were linked to evaluate BC screening participation, detection, and timeliness of outcomes in this retrospective study. Tests of proportions and trends compared the findings between FN and non-FN women, aged 50-74 years, beginning in 2008. Incorporation of FN principles of ownership, control, access, and possession (OCAP®) managed respectful sharing and utilization of FN data and findings. RESULTS The average age-standardized participation (2013-8) and retention rates (2015-6) for FN women compared to non-FN women in AB were 23.8% (P < .0001) and 10.3% (P = .059) lower per year, respectively. FN women were diagnosed with an invasive cancer more often in Stage II (P-value = .02). Following 90% completion of diagnostic assessments, it took 2-4 weeks longer for FN women to receive their first diagnosis as well as definitive diagnoses than non-FN women. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that access to and provision of screening services for FN women may not be equitable and may contribute to higher BC incidence and mortality rates. Collaborations between FN groups and screening programs are needed to eliminate these inequities to prevent more cancers in FN women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Letendre
- Public Health Evidence & Innovation, Provincial, Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brittany Shewchuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bonnie A Healy
- Siksikaitsitapi - Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bonnie Chiang
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lea Bill
- Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James Newsome
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chinmoy Roy Rahul
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Huiming Yang
- Screening Programs, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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Parker K, Colhoun S, Bartholomew K, Sandiford P, Lewis C, Milne D, McKeage M, McKree Jansen R, Fong KM, Marshall H, Tammemägi M, Rankin NM, Hotu S, Young R, Hopkins R, Walker N, Brown R, Crengle S. Invitation methods for Indigenous New Zealand Māori in lung cancer screening: Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281420. [PMID: 37527237 PMCID: PMC10393155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer screening can significantly reduce mortality from lung cancer. Further evidence about how to optimize lung cancer screening for specific populations, including Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ)'s Indigenous Māori (who experience disproportionately higher rates of lung cancer), is needed to ensure it is equitable. This community-based, pragmatic cluster randomized trial aims to determine whether a lung cancer screening invitation from a patient's primary care physician, compared to from a centralized screening service, will optimize screening uptake for Māori. Participating primary care practices (clinics) in Auckland, Aotearoa NZ will be randomized to either the primary care-led or centralized service for delivery of the screening invitation. Clinic patients who meet the following criteria will be eligible: Māori; aged 55-74 years; enrolled in participating clinics in the region; ever-smokers; and have at least a 2% risk of developing lung cancer within six years (determined using the PLCOM2012 risk prediction model). Eligible patients who respond positively to the invitation will undertake shared decision-making with a nurse about undergoing a low dose CT scan (LDCT) and an assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The primary outcomes are: 1) the proportion of eligible population who complete a risk assessment and 2) the proportion of people eligible for a CT scan who complete the CT scan. Secondary outcomes include evaluating the contextual factors needed to inform the screening process, such as including assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We will also use the RE-AIM framework to evaluate specific implementation factors. This study is a world-first, Indigenous-led lung cancer screening trial for Māori participants. The study will provide policy-relevant information on a key policy parameter, invitation method. In addition, the trial includes a nested analysis of COPD in the screened Indigenous population, and it provides baseline (T0 screen round) data using RE-AIM implementation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Parker
- Planning Funding and Outcomes, Waitematā District, Te Whatu Ora and Te Toka Tumai Auckland District, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Colhoun
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karen Bartholomew
- Planning Funding and Outcomes, Waitematā District, Te Whatu Ora and Te Toka Tumai Auckland District, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Chris Lewis
- Te Toka Tumai Auckland District, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Milne
- Te Toka Tumai Auckland District, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Rawiri McKree Jansen
- Te Aka Whai Ora, Manukau, New Zealand
- National Hauora Coalition, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kwun M Fong
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry Marshall
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicole M Rankin
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sandra Hotu
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Brown
- National Hauora Coalition, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue Crengle
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Boyle L, Lumley T, Cumin D, Campbell D, Merry AF. Using days alive and out of hospital to measure surgical outcomes in New Zealand: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063787. [PMID: 37491100 PMCID: PMC10373692 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure differences at various deciles in days alive and out of hospital to 90 days (DAOH90) and explore its utility for identifying outliers of performance among district health boards (DHBs). METHODS Days in hospital and mortality within 90 days of surgery were extracted by linking data from the New Zealand National Minimum Data Set and the births and deaths registry between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2021 for all adults in New Zealand undergoing acute laparotomy (AL-a relatively high-risk group), elective total hip replacement (THR-a medium risk group) or lower segment caesarean section (LSCS-a low-risk group). DAOH90 was calculated without censoring to zero in cases of mortality. For each DHB, direct risk standardisation was used to adjust for potential confounders and presented in deciles according to baseline patient risk. The Mann-Whitney U test assessed overall DAOH90 differences between DHBs, and comparisons are presented between selected deciles of DAOH90 for each operation. RESULTS We obtained national data for 35 175, 52 032 and 117 695 patients undergoing AL, THR and LSCS procedures, respectively. We have demonstrated that calculating DAOH without censoring zero allows for differences between procedures and DHBs to be identified. Risk-adjusted national mean DAOH90 Scores were 64.0 days, 79.0 days and 82.0 days at the 0.1 decile and 75.0 days, 82.0 days and 84.0 days at the 0.2 decile for AL, THR and LSCS, respectively, matching to their expected risk profiles. Differences between procedures and DHBs were most marked at lower deciles of the DAOH90 distribution, and outlier DHBs were detectable. Corresponding 90-day mortality rates were 5.45%, 0.78% and 0.01%. CONCLUSION In New Zealand after direct risk adjustment, differences in DAOH90 between three types of surgical procedure reflected their respective risk levels and associated mortality rates. Outlier DHBs were identified for each procedure. Thus, our approach to analysing DAOH90 appears to have considerable face validity and potential utility for contributing to the measurement of perioperative outcomes in an audit or quality improvement setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boyle
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cumin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Doug Campbell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Forbes Merry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Verma A, Priyank H, P R, Kumari M, Sayed Abdul N, Shivakumar S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Oral Health Disparities Among the Indigenous Paediatric Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e41673. [PMID: 37575701 PMCID: PMC10412898 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap in the literature regarding oral health disparities (OHD) in minority and indigenous (IG) paediatric cohorts that needs to be addressed. Disparities in oral health among children are a pressing concern, highlighting inequities in access to dental care and meeting needs. The current systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the prevailing understanding of OHD in the minority and IG strata. A meticulous search strategy was formulated by a team of reviewers to identify pertinent studies from databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Data extraction and article selection strictly adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included. Review Manager version 5.4 was used to synthesise quantitative data. A total of five cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. The findings consistently demonstrated the existence of racial and socioeconomic disparities in oral health across varying age groups and geographical locations in the defined population. Significant disparities in oral health outcomes were observed between IG and non-IG populations, with IG and minority groups exhibiting a heightened vulnerability to oral health challenges. Through a meta-analysis of the compiled data, a statistically significant association was established between children (being a member of a minority group) and unmet oral health needs. Socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal education were factors that showed a significant impact on oral health disparity. All studies were graded to be of the low-risk category based on the NOS risk of bias tool. This review successfully identified several influential factors contributing to oral health disparities, such as cultural practices, dietary patterns and access to oral healthcare services. Additionally, discernible differences in oral health status were evident between IG and non-IG children, with IG children enduring a greater burden of oral health difficulties. These findings underscore the imperative for targeted interventions and policy measures aimed at addressing the specific oral health needs of minority and IG paediatric populations, with the overarching goal of mitigating the existing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Verma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ranchi, IND
| | - Harsh Priyank
- Department of Conservative, Endodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Institute Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Renuka P
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, IND
| | - Minti Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sahana Shivakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's College of Dental Science and Research Center, Bhopal, IND
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15
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Chu CE, Leapman MS, Zhao S, Cowan JE, Washington SL, Cooperberg MR. Prostate cancer disparities among American Indians and Alaskan Natives in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:413-420. [PMID: 36629492 PMCID: PMC10086629 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Americans Indians and Alaska Natives face disparities in cancer care with lower rates of screening, limited treatment access, and worse survival. Prostate cancer treatment access and patterns of care remain unknown. METHODS We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to compare incidence, primary treatment, and cancer-specific mortality across American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Pacific Islander, Black, and White patients. Baseline characteristics included prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score (GS), tumor stage, 9-level Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment risk score, county characteristics, and health-care provider density. Primary outcomes were first definitive treatment and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). RESULTS American Indian and Alaska Native patients were more frequently diagnosed with higher PSA, GS greater than or equal or 8, stage greater than or equal to cT3, high-risk disease overall (Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment risk score ≥ 6), and metastases at diagnosis than any other group. Adjusting for age, PSA, GS, and clinical stage, American Indian or Alaska Native patients with localized prostate cancer were more likely to undergo external beam radiation than radical prostatectomy and had the highest rates of no documented treatment. Five-year PCSM was higher among American Indian and Alaska Natives than any other racial group. However, after multivariable adjustment accounting for clinical and pathologic factors, county-level demographics, and provider density, American Indian and Alaska Native patient PCSM hazards were no different than those of White patients. CONCLUSIONS American Indian or Alaska Native patients have more advanced prostate cancer, lower rates of definitive treatment, higher mortality, and reside in areas of less specialty care. Disparities in access appear to account for excess risks of PCSM. Focused health policy interventions are needed to address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa E Chu
- Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shoujun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet E Cowan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samuel L Washington
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Warbrick I, Heke D, Breed M. Indigenous Knowledge and the Microbiome-Bridging the Disconnect between Colonized Places, Peoples, and the Unseen Influences That Shape Our Health and Well-Being. mSystems 2023; 8:e0087522. [PMID: 36695590 PMCID: PMC9948692 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00875-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples have a rich and long-standing connection with the environments that they descend from-a connection that has informed a deep and multifaceted understanding of the relationship between human well-being and the environment. Through cultural narratives and practices, much of this knowledge has endured despite the ongoing effects that colonization has had on many Indigenous peoples across the world. These narratives and practices, based on observation, experimentation, and practical application over many generations, have the potential to make compelling contributions to our understanding of the environmental microbiome and its relationship to health. Furthermore, the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives regarding the microbiome opens pathways to those who rarely engage with the field and its learnings. Within the scientific community, Indigenous perspectives have not always been acknowledged as valid contributions and are often seen as myth or lacking rigor. Thus, this paper aims to explore an Indigenous perspective of the microbiome as an unseen influence on health and well-being by framing the importance of the natural environment, Indigenous knowledge and leadership, and future research directions that can contribute to this domain. Although the Indigenous perspective in this article reflects the experiences, worldviews, and knowledge of two New Zealand Māori authors, it is hoped that the concepts discussed can relate to Indigenous peoples, and non-Indigenous advocates, globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Warbrick
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research–Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Heke
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research–Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Breed
- College of Science and Engineering–Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Dunn J. It Is Time to Close the Gap in Cancer Care. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200429. [PMID: 36706348 PMCID: PMC10166341 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Dunn
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Southern Queensland, Division of Research and Innovation, Queensland, Australia
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18
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MacDonald SE, Kenzie L, Letendre A, Bill L, Shea-Budgell M, Henderson R, Barnabe C, Guichon JR, Colquhoun A, Ganshorn H, Bedingfield N, Vandenboogaard PD, Bednarczyk RA, Glaze S, Nelson G. Barriers and supports for uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination in Indigenous people globally: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001406. [PMID: 36962871 PMCID: PMC10021254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective and safe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines that reduce the incidence and impact of cervical cancer and other cancers, HPV vaccine coverage rates remain persistently low and the cervical cancer burden disproportionately high among Indigenous people globally. This study aimed to systematically identify, appraise, and summarize the literature on documented barriers and supports to HPV vaccination in Indigenous populations internationally. Forty-three studies were included and an inductive, qualitative, thematic synthesis was applied. We report on 10 barrier themes and 7 support themes to vaccine uptake, and provide a quantitative summary of metrics. Focusing on Indigenous perspectives reported in the literature, we propose recommendations on community-research collaboration, culturally safe intergenerational and gender-equitable community HPV vaccine education, as well as multi-level transparency to ensure informed consent is secured in the context of reciprocal relationships. Although the voices of key informant groups (e.g., HPV-vaccine eligible youth and community Elders) are underrepresented in the literature, the identification of barriers and supports to HPV vaccination in a global Indigenous context might help inform researchers and health policy makers who aim to improve HPV vaccine uptake in Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Kenzie
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Angeline Letendre
- Cancer Prevention and Screening Innovation, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lea Bill
- Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Rita Henderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cheryl Barnabe
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Juliet R Guichon
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Amy Colquhoun
- Performance Reporting, Alberta Health, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nancy Bedingfield
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Robert A Bednarczyk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Glaze
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gregg Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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19
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Piña-Sánchez P. Human Papillomavirus: Challenges and Opportunities for the Control of Cervical Cancer. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:753-769. [PMID: 36462952 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant and genetically diverse entities on the planet, infect all life forms and have evolved with their hosts. To date, 263 viral species have been identified that infect humans, of which only seven are considered type I oncogenic. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main virus associated with cancer and is responsible for practically all cases of cervical carcinoma. Screening tests for early detection have been available since the 1960s. Undoubtedly, the entailment between knowledge of HPV biology and the natural history of cervical cancer has contributed to the significant advances that have been made for its prevention since the 21st century, with the development of prophylactic vaccines and improved screening strategies. Therefore, it is possible to eradicate invasive cervical cancer as a worldwide public health problem, as proposed by the WHO with the 90-70-90 initiative based on vaccination coverage, screening, and treatment, respectively. In addition, the emerging knowledge of viral biology generates opportunities that will contribute to strengthening prevention and treatment strategies in HPV-associated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Molecular de Oncología, Unidad de Investigación Oncológica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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20
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Sadler RC, Larsen K. Mapping the Way to Good Health: The Interdisciplinary Challenges of Geographers in Medical Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12419. [PMID: 36231725 PMCID: PMC9564750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Geography has an important role to play in shaping the direction of medical research. In particular, its tools and theory provide essential understanding to the impacts of place on health behaviors and outcomes. Understanding some of its evolution-particularly into the subfield of medical geography-is therefore useful both for geographers and medical researchers. In this paper, we present some of the debates that geographers have grappled with, the growth of GIS (particularly in the context of medical research), some important methodological considerations that geographers help center, and some recommendations for future work at this nexus. Throughout, we speak from the perspective of geographers who have worked nearly exclusively in the health sciences since obtaining our PhDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Casey Sadler
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI 48502, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kristian Larsen
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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21
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Borges MFDSO, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, da Silva IF. Cancer incidence in indigenous populations of Western Amazon, Brazil. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1465-1481. [PMID: 33673784 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1893663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate a population-based cancer incidence among indigenous populations in the State of Acre, Brazilian Western Amazon, to provide knowledge about cancer epidemiological profiles contributing to healthcare policies and service planning. Although cancer epidemiology in Brazil is well described through incidence and mortality estimate in the general population, cancer estimates among indigenous peoples are still unknown. DESIGN This is a descriptive study of cancer incidence among the indigenous population (2000-2012) in the State of Acre, Brazil. The sources used were population-based cancer registries of Goiânia, hospital-based cancer registry of Acre, São Paulo, and Porto Velho; Special Indigenous Health Districts databases of Acre, Goiânia, and São Paulo; Mortality Information System, and Rio Branco's public and private laboratories' reports. Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) was calculated using cancer incidence rates of Goiânia as reference. RESULTS From 137 cancer cases, 51.8% occurred in women and 32.1% in people aged 70 + . Among men, the most frequent cancer sites were stomach (25.8%), liver (15.1%), colorectal (7.6%), leukemia (7.6%), and prostate (6.1%). Among women, the most frequent were cervical (50.7%), stomach (8.5%), leukemia (5.6%), liver (4.3%), and breast (4.3%). Among men, there was an excess of cancer cases for stomach (SIR=1.75; 95%CI:1.67-1.83), liver (SIR=1.77; 95%CI:1.66-1.88), and leukemia (SIR=1.64; 95%CI:1.49-1.78). In women, an excess of cancer cases was observed for cervical (SIR=4.49; 95%CI:4.34-4.64) and liver (SIR=2.11; 95%CI:1.88-2.34). A lower cancer incidence for prostate (SIR=0.06; 95%CI:0.05-0.07) and female breast (SIR=0.12; 95%CI:0.11-0.14) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Cervical, stomach, and liver cancers corresponded to 52% of the cases and were highly incident among the Brazilian indigenous population of Western Amazon compared to non-indigenous counterparts. Despite the low frequency of breast and prostate cancer, the fact they were present among indigenous peoples suggests a complex epidemiological transition framework in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Jorge Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilce Ferreira da Silva
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Lightfoot N, Manitowabi D, Arrandale V, Barnett N, Wabegijig-Nootchtai C, Odjig ML, Moulton J, Fongemy J, Larivière M, Kerekes Z, Holness L, MacEwan L, Eger T, Warry W. Workers’ compensation experience in some Indigenous Northern Ontario communities. Work 2022; 73:707-717. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of research about occupational health and safety experience in Indigenous communities and compensation applications from Indigenous workers appear limited. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative descriptive study was designed to explore workers’ compensation experiences in some Canadian Indigenous communities. METHODS: A community-based participatory research approach was used to conduct focus groups (n = 25 participants) in three Northeastern Ontario (NEO) Indigenous communities and at one NEO Indigenous employment centre. Semi-structured focus group questions addressed community experience with workers’ compensation, the compensation process, and discussion of a training session about the process. Reflexive thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke procedures. RESULTS: Discussion with study participants resulted in these themes: 1) both lack of knowledge, and knowledge, about compensation demonstrated, 2) impact of lack of compensation coverage and need for universal coverage on reserve, 3) need for community training sessions about workers’ compensation, 4) workload and financial impact of workers’ compensation on reserve, and 5) requirement for cultural competence training in the compensation board. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative descriptive study revealed the: need for more information about applying for workers’ compensation and navigating the process, need for universal workplace insurance coverage in Indigenous communities, demand for community-based compensation process training, community costs of compensation, and the requirement for cultural safety and competence training for compensation organization employees. More education about the workers’ compensation process would be of benefit to leadership, health care providers, administrative personnel, employers, and employees on reserves. Nurses in community health centres are well situated to provide further guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lightfoot
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Darrel Manitowabi
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Arrandale
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Barnett
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary Lynn Odjig
- Economic Development, Wiikwemkoong Development Commission, Wiikwemkoong, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Moulton
- Human Resources and Shared Services, Sagamok Anishnawbek, Massey, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Fongemy
- Office of the Worker Adviser, Ontario Ministry of Labour, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Larivière
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Kerekes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Linn Holness
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh MacEwan
- School of Social Work, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Tammy Eger
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Wayne Warry
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
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23
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Young-Onset Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma Incidence and Survival Trends in the Northern Territory, Australia, with Emphasis on Indigenous Peoples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122870. [PMID: 35740536 PMCID: PMC9220984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: A concerning rise in incidence of young-onset cancers globally led to the examination of trends in incidence and survival of gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, over a 28-year period, with a special emphasis on Indigenous peoples. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of a prospective longitudinal database, NT Cancer Registry (1990−2017), includes all reported cases of GI (oesophagus, gastric, small intestinal, pancreas, colon, and rectum) adenocarcinomas. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence ratio ratios, and survival was modelled using Cox proportional hazard models separately for people aged 18−50 years and >50 years. Results: A total of 1608 cases of GI adenocarcinoma were recorded during the time of the study. While the overall incidence in people 18−50 years remained unchanged over this time (p = 0.51), the rate in individuals aged >50 years decreased (IRR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.56−0.75; p < 0.0001)). Incidence rates were significantly less in females >50 years (IRR = 0.67 95% CI 0.59−0.75; p < 0.0001), and their survival was significantly better (HR = 0.84 (95%CI 0.72−0.98; p < 0.03)) compared to males. Overall survival across all GI subsites improved in both age cohorts, especially between 2010 and 2017 (HR = 0.45 (95%CI 0.29−0.72; p < 0.0007) and HR = 0.64 (95%CI 0.52−0.78; p < 0.0001), respectively) compared to 1990−1999, driven by an improvement in survival in colonic adenocarcinoma alone, as the survival remained unchanged in other GI subsites. The incidence was significantly lower in Indigenous patients compared to non-Indigenous patients, in both age cohorts (18−50 years IRR = 0.68 95% CI 0.51−0.91; p < 0.009 and >50 years IRR = 0.48 95% CI 0.40−0.57; p < 0.0001). However, Indigenous patients had worse survival rates (18−50 years HR = 2.06 95% CI 1.36−3.11; p < 0.0007 and >50 years HR = 1.66 95% CI 1.32−2.08; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: There is a trend towards an increased incidence of young-onset GI adenocarcinomas in the NT. Young Indigenous patients have lower incidence but worse survival across all GI subsites, highlighting significant health inequities in life expectancy. Targeted, culturally safe Indigenous community-focussed programs are needed for early detection and patient-centred management of GI adenocarcinomas.
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Delon C, Brown KF, Payne NWS, Kotrotsios Y, Vernon S, Shelton J. Differences in cancer incidence by broad ethnic group in England, 2013-2017. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1765-1773. [PMID: 35233092 PMCID: PMC9174248 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence variation between population groups can inform public health and cancer services. Previous studies have shown cancer incidence rates vary by ethnic group in England. Since their publication, the completeness of ethnicity recording in cancer data has improved, and relevant inequalities (e.g. risk factor prevalence and healthcare access) may have changed. METHODS Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for Asian, Black, Mixed/Multiple and White ethnic groups in England in 2013-2017, using almost 3 million diagnoses across 31 cancer sites. Rate ratios were calculated with the White ethnic group as reference. Sensitivity analyses used imputed ethnicity for cases with missing data and perturbed population estimates. RESULTS Incidence rates for most cancer sites and ethnic group and sex combinations were lower in non-White minority ethnic groups compared with the corresponding White group, with particularly low rate ratios (below 0.5) for melanoma skin cancer and some smoking-related cancers (lung, bladder and oesophageal cancers). Exceptions included prostate cancer (2.1 times higher in males of Black ethnicity), myeloma (2.7-3.0 times higher in people of Black ethnicity), several gastrointestinal cancers (1.1-1.9 times higher in people of Black ethnicity, 1.4-2.2 times higher in people of Asian ethnicity), Hodgkin lymphoma (1.1 times higher in males of Asian ethnicity, 1.3 times higher in males of Black ethnicity) and thyroid cancers (1.4 times higher in people of Asian ethnicity, 1.2 times higher in people of Black ethnicity). Sensitivity analyses did not materially alter these results (rate ratios changed by a maximum of 12 percentage points, the direction and significance of results were unchanged in all but two cancer site/sex/ethnic group combinations). CONCLUSIONS People of non-White minority ethnicity in England generally have lower cancer risk than the White population, though there are a number of notable exceptions. These results should galvanise efforts to better understand the reasons for this variation, and the possible impact on cancer services, patient experiences and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delon
- Cancer Intelligence Team, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK.
| | - Katrina F Brown
- Cancer Intelligence Team, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Nick W S Payne
- Cancer Intelligence Team, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Yannis Kotrotsios
- Cancer Intelligence Team, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Sally Vernon
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, 7 and 8 Wellington Place, Leeds, LS1 4AP, UK
| | - Jon Shelton
- Cancer Intelligence Team, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
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Implementing Optimal Care Pathways for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People With Cancer: A Survey of Rural Health Professionals’ Self-Rated Learning Needs. Int J Integr Care 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35431703 PMCID: PMC8973837 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Rasool R, Ullah I, Mubeen B, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Ghoneim MM, Alzarea SI, Al-Abbasi FA, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I, Nadeem MS. Theranostic Interpolation of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031861. [PMID: 35163783 PMCID: PMC8836911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a diverse disease caused by mutations in multiple genes accompanying epigenetic aberrations of hazardous genes and protein pathways, which distress tumor-suppressor genes and the expression of oncogenes. Alteration in any of the several physiological mechanisms such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, mitotic checkpoints, and telomere maintenance results in genomic instability. Theranostic has the potential to foretell and estimate therapy response, contributing a valuable opportunity to modify the ongoing treatments and has developed new treatment strategies in a personalized manner. “Omics” technologies play a key role while studying genomic instability in breast cancer, and broadly include various aspects of proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and tumor grading. Certain computational techniques have been designed to facilitate the early diagnosis of cancer and predict disease-specific therapies, which can produce many effective results. Several diverse tools are used to investigate genomic instability and underlying mechanisms. The current review aimed to explore the genomic landscape, tumor heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms of genomic instability involved in initiating breast cancer. We also discuss the implications of computational biology regarding mutational and pathway analyses, identification of prognostic markers, and the development of strategies for precision medicine. We also review different technologies required for the investigation of genomic instability in breast cancer cells, including recent therapeutic and preventive advances in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (M.S.N.)
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Lew JB, Feletto E, Worthington J, Roder D, Canuto K, Miller C, D’Onise K, Canfell K. The potential for tailored screening to reduce bowel cancer mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: modelling study. J Cancer Policy 2022; 32:100325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kaur MN, Yan J, Klassen AF, David JP, Pieris D, Sharma M, Bordeleau L, Xie F. A Systematic Literature Review of Health Utility Values in Breast Cancer. Med Decis Making 2022; 42:704-719. [PMID: 35042379 PMCID: PMC9189726 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x211065471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health utility values (HUVs) are important inputs to the cost-utility analysis of breast cancer interventions. PURPOSE Provide a catalog of breast cancer-related published HUVs across different stages of breast cancer and treatment interventions. DATA SOURCES Systematic searches of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Cochrane databases (2005-2017). STUDY SELECTION Studies published in English that reported mean or median HUVs using direct or indirect methods of utility elicitation for breast cancer. DATA EXTRACTION Independent reviewers extracted data on a preestablished and piloted form; disagreements were resolved through discussion. DATA ANALYSIS Mixed-effects meta-regression using restricted maximum likelihood modeling was conducted for intervention type, stage of breast cancer, and typical clinical and treatment trajectory of breast cancer patients to assess the effect of study characteristics (i.e., sample size, utility elicitation method, and respondent type) on HUVs. DATA SYNTHESIS Seventy-nine studies were included in the review. Most articles (n = 52, 66%) derived HUVs using the EQ-5D. Patients with advanced-stage breast cancer (range, 0.08 to 0.82) reported lower HUVs as compared with patients with early-stage breast cancer (range, 0.58 to 0.99). The meta-regression analysis found that undergoing chemotherapy and surgery and radiation, being diagnosed with an advanced stage of breast cancer, and recurrent cancer were associated with lower HUVs. The members of the general public reported lower HUVs as compared with patients. LIMITATIONS There was considerable heterogeneity in the study population, health states assessed, and utility elicitation methods. CONCLUSION This review provides a catalog of published HUVs related to breast cancer. The substantial heterogeneity in the health utility studies makes it challenging for researchers to choose which HUVs to use in cost-utility analyses for breast cancer interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manraj N Kaur
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anne F Klassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin P David
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dilshan Pieris
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manraj Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Bordeleau
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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McLane P, Barnabe C, Mackey L, Bill L, Rittenbach K, Holroyd BR, Bird A, Healy B, Janvier K, Louis E, Rosychuk RJ. First Nations status and emergency department triage scores in Alberta: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ 2022; 194:E37-E45. [PMID: 35039386 PMCID: PMC8900783 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that race is associated with emergency department triage scores, raising concerns about potential health care inequity. As part of a project on quality of care for First Nations people in Alberta, we sought to understand the relation between First Nations status and triage scores. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of health administrative data from April 2012 to March 2017 to evaluate acuity of triage scores, categorized as a binary outcome of higher or lower acuity score. We developed multivariable multilevel logistic mixed-effects regression models using the levels of emergency department visit, patient (for patients with multiple visits) and facility. We further evaluated the triage of visits related to 5 disease categories and 5 specific diagnoses to better compare triage outcomes of First Nations and non-First Nations patients. RESULTS First Nations status was associated with lower odds of receiving higher acuity triage scores (odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-0.94) compared with non-First Nations patients in adjusted models. First Nations patients had lower odds of acute triage for all 5 disease categories and for 3 of 5 diagnoses, including long bone fractures (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.88), acute upper respiratory infection (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.98) and anxiety disorder (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.74). INTERPRETATION First Nations status was associated with lower odds of higher acuity triage scores across a number of conditions and diagnoses. This may reflect systemic racism, stereotyping and potentially other factors that affected triage assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McLane
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
| | - Cheryl Barnabe
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Leslee Mackey
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Lea Bill
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Katherine Rittenbach
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Brian R Holroyd
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Anne Bird
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Bonnie Healy
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Kris Janvier
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Eunice Louis
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Rhonda J Rosychuk
- Alberta Health Services (McLane, Rittenbach, Holroyd), Strategic Clinical Networks; Department of Emergency Medicine (McLane, Mackey, Holroyd), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Medicine and of Community Health Sciences (Barnabe) University of Calgary; Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (Bill); Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Psychiatry (Rittenbach), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Yellowhead Tribal Council (Bird), Edmonton, Alta.; Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council (Healy), Standoff, Alta.; Organization of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (Janvier), Edmonton, Alta.; Maskwacis Health Services (Louis), Maskwacis, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Rosychuk), Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
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Sâkipakâwin: Assessing Indigenous Cancer Supports in Saskatchewan Using a Strength-Based Approach. Curr Oncol 2021; 29:132-143. [PMID: 35049686 PMCID: PMC8775083 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the health care system for Indigenous people tends to be complex, fragmented, and multi-jurisdictional, their cancer experiences may be especially difficult. This needs assessment study examined system-level barriers and community strengths regarding cancer care experiences of Indigenous people in Saskatchewan. Guided by an advisory committee including Indigenous patient and family partners, we conducted key informant interviews with senior Saskatchewan health care administrators and Indigenous leaders to identify supports and barriers. A sharing circle with patients, survivors, and family members was used to gather cancer journey experiences from Indigenous communities from northern Saskatchewan. Analyses were presented to the committee for recommendations. Key informants identified cancer support barriers including access to care, coordination of care, a lack of culturally relevant health care provision, and education. Sharing circle participants discussed strengths and protective factors such as kinship, connection to culture, and spirituality. Indigenous patient navigation, inter-organization collaboration, and community relationship building were recommended to ameliorate barriers and bolster strengths. Recognizing barriers to access, coordination, culturally relevant health care provision, and education can further champion community strengths and protective factors and frame effective cancer care strategies and equitable cancer care for Indigenous people in Saskatchewan.
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Sethi S, Ju X, Antonsson A, Canfell K, Smith MA, Garvey G, Hedges J, Jamieson L. Oral HPV infection among Indigenous Australians; incidence, persistence and clearance at 12-months follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:604-613. [PMID: 34937792 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Indigenous Australians have a higher rate of OPSCC than non-Indigenous Australians. Risk factors for oral HPV persistence among Indigenous Australians are poorly understood. METHODS Participants provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours including tobacco and alcohol use and sexual history. Participants additionally provided saliva samples for microbial genotyping. Negative log binomial regression models were used to evaluate indicators on incident, persistent and cleared oral HPV infection at 12 months follow-up. RESULTS Of the 1,011 participants recruited at baseline, 321 (35.3%) testing positive for any oral HPV infection. At 12-month follow up, saliva samples were obtained from 743 participants (73.5%). Among the 584 participants, 24 (42.6%) had no oral HPV infection at both time points, 130 (22.2%) had new (incident) oral HPV infection at 12 months, 130 (22.2%) had persistent oral HPV infection (i.e. present at both baseline and 12-months), and 75 (12.8%) had oral HPV infection clearance from baseline to 12-months. Rural location of residence and ever received oral sex were significantly associated with persistence of oral HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of oral HPV infection at both baseline and 12-month follow-up was high. IMPACT There are currently no studies available which have assessed oral HPV infection incidence, persistence and clearance amongst Indigenous populations in Australia or even at a global level. The study has been able to identify risk factors associated with potential malignant changes in the oropharynx among Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sethi
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide
| | - Xiangqun Ju
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide
| | | | - Karen Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, University of Sydney
| | | | - Gail Garvey
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland
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Milligan E, West R, Saunders V, Bialocerkowski A, Creedy D, Rowe Minniss F, Hall K, Vervoort S. Achieving cultural safety for Australia's First Peoples: a review of the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency-registered health practitioners' Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics. AUST HEALTH REV 2021; 45:398-406. [PMID: 33844959 DOI: 10.1071/ah20215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Health practitioners' Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics articulate practice standards across multiple domains, including the domain of cultural safety. As key tools driving individual practice and systems reform, Codes are integral to improving health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It is, therefore, critical that their contents specify meaningful cultural safety standards as the norm for institutional and individual practice. This research assessed all Codes for cultural safety specific content. Methods Following the release of the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency's (Ahpra) Health and Cultural Safety strategy 2020-25, the 16 Ahpra registered health practitioner Board Codes of Conduct and professional Codes of Ethics were analysed by comparing content to Ahpra's new cultural safety objectives. Two Codes of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery, met these objectives. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners Code partially met these objectives. Results Most Codes of Conduct (14 of 16) conflated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities undermining the sovereignty of Australia's First Peoples. Eleven professions had a Code of Ethics, including the Physiotherapy Code of Conduct, which outlined the values and ethical principles of practice commonly associated with a Code of Ethics. Of the 11 professions with a Code of Ethics, two (Pharmacy and Psychology) articulated specific ethical responsibilities to First Peoples. Physiotherapy separately outlined cultural safety obligations through their reconciliation action plan (RAP), meeting all Ahpra cultural safety objectives. The remaining eight advocated respect of culture generally rather than respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures specifically. Conclusions The review identified multiple areas to improve the codes for cultural safety content for registered health professions, providing a roadmap for action to strengthen individual and systems practice while setting a clear regulatory standard to ensure culturally safe practice becomes the new norm. It recommends the systematic updating of all professional health practitioner Board Codes of Conduct and professional Codes of Ethics based on the objectives outlined in Ahpra's Cultural Safety Strategy. What is known about the topic? Systemic racism and culturally unsafe work environments contribute to poor health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. They also contribute to the under-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the health workforce, denying the system, and the people who use and work in it, much needed Indigenous knowledge. Creating a culturally safe healthcare system requires all health practitioners to reflect on their own cultural background, to gain appreciation of the positive and negative impacts of individually held cultural assumptions on the delivery of healthcare services. Competence in cultural safety as a required standard of practice is therefore essential if broad, sustainable and systemic cultural change across the health professions and ultimately across Australia's healthcare system is to be achieved. Given that Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics are integral in setting the practical and moral standards of the professions, their contents with respect to cultural competence are of great importance. What does this paper add? A review of this type has not been undertaken previously. Following the establishment of the Ahpra Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Strategy Group, release of Ahpra's 2018 Statement of intent, and the 2019 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Cultural Safety strategic plan and Reconciliation Action Plan, we analysed the content of each of the 16 registered health professions Codes of Conduct and Code of Ethics looking for content and guidance in accordance with the new national cultural safety definition. Several opportunities to improve the Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics were identified to realise the vision set out in the statement of intent including through the application of the National Law. This analysis provides a baseline for future improvements and confirms that although some current health practitioner Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics have begun the journey of recognising the importance of cultural safety in ensuring good health outcomes for Australia's Indigenous peoples, there is broad scope for change. What are the implications for practitioners? The gaps identified in this analysis provide a roadmap for improvement and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and cultural safety as a required standard in Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics for all registered health practitioners. Although it is recognised that Codes alone may not change hearts and minds, codifying the clinical competency of cultural safety provides a portal, and a requirement, for each individual practitioner to engage meaningfully and take responsibility to improve practice individually and organisationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Milligan
- Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ; ; and Corresponding author.
| | - Roianne West
- Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ; ; ;
| | - Vicki Saunders
- Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ; ; ;
| | | | - Debra Creedy
- Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ; ; ;
| | - Fiona Rowe Minniss
- Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ; ; ;
| | - Kerry Hall
- Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ;
| | - Stacey Vervoort
- Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia. ;
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Letendre A, Garvey G, King A, King M, Crowshoe R, Bill L, Caron NR, Elias B. Creating a Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer to Address Indigenous Cancer Disparities. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:92-98. [PMID: 32031447 PMCID: PMC6998023 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Canada, Indigenous peoples’ cancer rates have increased, but cancer screening rates tend to be lower. When coupled with poor cancer prognosis, treatment barriers, and inaccessible health care, Indigenous patients with cancer experience many unmet needs. Further complicating their journey is a multijurisdictional system that complicates cancer control services, treatments, patient supports, and cancer surveillance. To address these issues, the Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer (CIRNAC) was developed. This article describes the forerunners and consultative process that created the network and the consensus model developed to ground this network with, by, and for Indigenous peoples. METHODS A consultative workshop was held to (1) establish and increase network membership, (2) enhance partnerships with Indigenous communities and other researchers, and (3) develop an Indigenous-led research program, new funding, and related initiatives. RESULTS Participants viewed the CIRNAC as a reflective parallel network led by Indigenous peoples that would identify research priorities within Canada, assess how these priorities align with Indigenous patients’ cancer care and research needs, and cross-check to see if these priorities align with each other. The network would also advocate for Indigenous elders/knowledge holders and community grassroot processes to drive research and training, thus demonstrating the power of the community voice and lived experience in research. In addition, the network would foster research partnerships to investigate alternative Indigenous models for cancer prevention, care, treatment, and support. CONCLUSION The CIRNAC evolved as a viable vehicle to address cancer with, for, and by Indigenous peoples. The network is guided by a preamble, a set of aims, and an inclusion engagement circle model. It is evolving through major world initiatives, with the aim of formally becoming an internationally linked national network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra King
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Malcolm King
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Lea Bill
- Alberta First Nation Information Governance Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadine R Caron
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brenda Elias
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Garvey G, Cunningham J, Mayer C, Letendre A, Shaw J, Anderson K, Kelly B. Psychosocial Aspects of Delivering Cancer Care to Indigenous People: An Overview. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:148-154. [PMID: 32031444 PMCID: PMC6998016 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, a growing body of evidence has reported significant disparities in cancer outcomes between indigenous and nonindigenous people. Although some effort is being made to address these disparities, relatively little attention has been directed toward identifying and focusing on the psychosocial aspects of cancer care for indigenous patients, which are critical components in improving cancer care and outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe the results of a scoping review of the psychosocial aspects of cancer care for indigenous people. We highlight considerations in undertaking research in this field with indigenous people and the implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joan Cunningham
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Carole Mayer
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angeline Letendre
- Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy Fund, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne Shaw
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Anderson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Fakanye O, Singh H, Desautels D, Torabi M. Geographical variation and factors associated with gastric cancer in Manitoba. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253650. [PMID: 34242266 PMCID: PMC8270474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the spatial disparities and factors associated with gastric cancer (GC) Incidence in Manitoba. Methods We combined information from Manitoba Cancer registry and Census data to obtain an age-sex adjusted relative risk (IRR) of GC incidence. We geocoded the IRR to the 96 regional health authority districts (RHADs) using the postal code conversion file (PCCF). Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal Poisson regression models were used for the analysis. Results Adjusting for the effect of socio-economic score index (SESI), Indigenous, and immigrant population, 25 districts with high overall GC risk were identified. One unit increase in SESI was associated with reduced risk of cardia GC (CGC) by 14% (IRR = 0.859; 95% CI: 0.780–0.947) and the risk of non-cardia GC (NCGC) by approximately 10% (IRR = 0.898; 95% CI: 0.812–0.995); 1% increase in regional Indigenous population proportion reduced the risk of CGC by 1.4% (IRR = 0.986; 95% CI: 0.978–0.994). In the analysis stratified by sex, one unit increase in SESI reduced the risk of CGC among women by 26.2% (IRR = 0.738; 95% CI: 0.618–0.879), and a 1% increase in Indigenous population proportion reduced the risk of CGC among women by 1.9% (IRR = 0.981; 95% CI: 0.966–0.996). Conclusion Our results support a significant association between SESI and NCGC. We report regional variation of GC IRR and a varying temporal pattern across the RHADs. These results could be used to prioritize interventions for regions with high and progressive risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbenga Fakanye
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danielle Desautels
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba
| | - Mahmoud Torabi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gall A, Butler TL, Lawler S, Garvey G. Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use among Indigenous peoples with diabetes in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:664-671. [PMID: 34028943 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to describe traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) use among Indigenous peoples with diabetes from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States (US). METHODS A systematic search following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses) statement guidelines was conducted. Data were analysed using meta-aggregation. RESULTS Thirteen journal articles from 12 studies across Australia, Canada and the US were included in the review (no articles from New Zealand were identified). Indigenous peoples used various types of TCIM alongside conventional treatment for diabetes, particularly when conventional treatment did not meet Indigenous peoples' holistic understandings of wellness. TCIM provided opportunities to practice important cultural and spiritual activities. While TCIM was often viewed as an effective treatment through bringing balance to the body, definitions of treatments that comprise safe and effective TCIM use were lacking in the articles. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent use of TCIM and conventional treatments is common among Indigenous peoples with diabetes, but clear definitions of safe and effective TCIM use are lacking. Implications for public health: Healthcare providers should support Indigenous peoples to safely and effectively treat diabetes with TCIM alongside conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gall
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
| | - Tamara L Butler
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
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First Nations emergency care in Alberta: descriptive results of a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:423. [PMID: 33947385 PMCID: PMC8096356 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worse health outcomes are consistently reported for First Nations people in Canada. Social, political and economic inequities as well as inequities in health care are major contributing factors to these health disparities. Emergency care is an important health services resource for First Nations people. First Nations partners, academic researchers, and health authority staff are collaborating to examine emergency care visit characteristics for First Nations and non-First Nations people in the province of Alberta. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study examining all Alberta emergency care visits from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2017 by linking administrative data. Patient demographics and emergency care visit characteristics for status First Nations persons in Alberta, and non-First Nations persons, are reported. Frequencies and percentages (%) describe patients and visits by categorical variables (e.g., Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale). Means, medians, standard deviations and interquartile ranges describe continuous variables (e.g., age). Results The dataset contains 11,686,288 emergency care visits by 3,024,491 unique persons. First Nations people make up 4% of the provincial population and 9.4% of provincial emergency visits. The population rate of emergency visits is nearly 3 times higher for First Nations persons than non-First Nations persons. First Nations women utilize emergency care more than non-First Nations women (54.2% of First Nations visits are by women compared to 50.9% of non-First Nations visits). More First Nations visits end in leaving without completing treatment (6.7% v. 3.6%). Conclusions Further research is needed on the impact of First Nations identity on emergency care drivers and outcomes, and on emergency care for First Nations women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06415-2.
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Simkin J, Smith L, van Niekerk D, Caird H, Dearden T, van der Hoek K, Caron NR, Woods RR, Peacock S, Ogilvie G. Sociodemographic characteristics of women with invasive cervical cancer in British Columbia, 2004-2013: a descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E424-E432. [PMID: 33888548 PMCID: PMC8101640 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer screening has led to reductions in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) across Canada, benefits of prevention efforts are not equitably distributed. This study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics of women with ICC in British Columbia compared with the general female population in the province. METHODS In this descriptive study, data of individuals 18 years and older diagnosed with ICC between 2004 and 2013 were obtained from the BC Cancer Registry. Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics were derived from standardized health assessment forms (HAFs) completed upon admission in the BC Cancer Registry. Standardized ratios (SRs) were derived by dividing observed and age-adjusted expected counts by ethnicity or race, language, and marital, smoking and urban-rural status. Differences between observed and expected counts were tested using χ2 goodness-of-fit tests. General population data were derived from the 2006 Census, 2011 National Household Survey and 2011/12 Canadian Community Health Survey. RESULTS Of 1705 total cases of ICC, 1315 were referred to BC Cancer (77.1%). Of those who were referred, 1215 (92.4%) completed HAFs. Among Indigenous women, more cases were observed (n = 85) than expected (n = 39; SR 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15-2.18). Among visible minorities, observed cases (n = 320) were higher than expected (n = 253; 95% CI 1.26-1.26). Elevated SRs were observed among women who self-identified as Korean (SR 1.78, 95% CI 1.76-1.80), Japanese (SR 1.77, 95% CI 1.74-1.79) and Filipino (SR 1.60, 95% CI 1.58-1.62); lower SRs were observed among South Asian women (SR 0.63, 95% CI 0.62-0.63). Elevated SRs were observed among current smokers (SR 1.34, 95% CI 1.33-1.34) and women living in rural-hub (SR 1.29, 95% CI 1.28-1.31) and rural or remote (SR 2.62, 95% CI 2.61-2.64) areas; the SR was lower among married women (SR 0.90, 95% CI 0.90-0.90). INTERPRETATION Women who self-identified as visible minorities, Indigenous, current smokers, nonmarried and from rural areas were overrepresented among women with ICC. Efforts are needed to address inequities to ensure all women benefit from cervical cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Simkin
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Laurie Smith
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Dirk van Niekerk
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Hannah Caird
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Tania Dearden
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Kimberly van der Hoek
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Nadine R Caron
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Ryan R Woods
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Stuart Peacock
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- School of Population and Public Health (Simkin, Caron, Ogilvie), University of British Columbia; Cancer Control Research (Simkin, van der Hoek, Woods, Peacock, Ogilvie), BC Cancer; Women's Health Research Institute (Simkin, Smith, Caird, Ogilvie); Cancer Control Research (Smith, van Niekerk, Caron), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Health Sciences (Caird, Woods, Peacock), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; School of Nursing (Dearden), University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (van der Hoek, Peacock); Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Caron), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Valan A, Najid F, Chandran P, Abd Rahim AB, Chuah JA, Roslani AC. Distinctive Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Sabahan Indigenous Populations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:749-755. [PMID: 33773538 PMCID: PMC8286687 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaysia is an ethnically diverse nation, comprising Malay, Chinese, Indian and indigenous groups. However, epidemiological studies on colorectal cancer have mainly focused on the three main ethnic groups. There is evidence that the clinico-pathological characteristics of some cancers may differ in indigenous populations, namely that they occur earlier and behave more aggressively. We aimed to determine if there were similar differences in colorectal cancer, focusing on the indigenous populations of Sabah. Methods: Histopathological reports of all patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma from January 2012 to December 2016 from public hospitals in Sabah were retrieved from the central computerized database of the Pathology Department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Supplementary data was obtained from patients’ case files from each hospital. Clinico-pathological data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistical Software Version 23 for Windows for descriptive statistics (mean, median, ASR, AR, relative risk) and inferential statistics (Chi square test). Results: A total of 696 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age for colorectal cancer in Sabah was 62 years (95% CI 60.3 to 62.3), with an age specific incidence rate of 21.4 per 100 000 population. The age specific incidence rate in the indigenous populations was 26.6 per 100 000, much lower than the Chinese, at 65.0 per 100 000. The risk of colorectal cancer occurring before the age of 50 was three times higher in the indigenous population compared to the Chinese. The tumours were mainly left-sided (56.5%), adenocarcinoma in histology (98.4%) and moderately differentiated (88.7%). Approximately 79.2% of patients received curative treatment. Conclusion: Indigenous populations in Sabah develop colorectal cancer at an earlier age, and present at more advanced stages. This has implications for screening and therapeutic strategic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Valan
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Najid
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Chandran
- Department of Surgery, Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Jitt Aun Chuah
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Whop LJ, Smith MA, Butler TL, Adcock A, Bartholomew K, Goodman MT, Winer RL, Milosevic E, Lawton B. Achieving cervical cancer elimination among Indigenous women. Prev Med 2021; 144:106314. [PMID: 33678228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the World Health Organisation (WHO) cervical cancer elimination target of fewer than four new cases per 100,000 woman-years requires scaling up HPV vaccination of girls, cervical screening, and pre-cancer and cancer treatment. We reviewed data from four high-income colonised countries (Australia, Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), and the United States (US)) to identify how each is currently performing compared to the cervical cancer incidence elimination and triple-intervention targets, nationally and in Indigenous women. We also summarise barriers and enablers to meeting targets for Indigenous women. To achieve elimination, cervical cancer incidence must be reduced by 74% in Indigenous women in Australia, and 63% in Maori women in NZ; data were not published in sufficient detail to compare incidence in Indigenous women in Canada or the US to the WHO target. Only Australia meets the vaccination coverage target, but uptake appears comparatively equitable within Australia, NZ and the US, whereas there appears to be a substantial gap in Canada. Screening coverage is lower for Indigenous women in all four countries though the differential varies by country. Currently, only Australia universally offers HPV-based screening. Data on pre-cancer and cancer treatment were limited in all countries. Large inequities in cervical cancer currently exist for Indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US, and elimination is not on track for all women in these countries. Current data gaps hinder improvements. These countries must urgently address their systemic failure to care and provide health care for Indigenous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Whop
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Megan A Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tamara L Butler
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Anna Adcock
- Te Tātai Hauora o Hine Centre for Women's Health Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karen Bartholomew
- Waitematā District Health Board (DHB) and Auckland DHB, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Milosevic
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Canada; Global Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Beverley Lawton
- Te Tātai Hauora o Hine Centre for Women's Health Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Smith HA, Scarffe AD, Brunet N, Champion C, Kandola K, Tessier A, Boushey R, Kuziemsky C. Impact of colorectal cancer screening participation in remote northern Canada: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7652-7663. [PMID: 33505142 PMCID: PMC7789056 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening provides earlier colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and improves outcomes. It remains poorly understood if these benefits are realized with screening guidelines in remote northern populations of Canada where CRC rates are nearly twice the national average and access to colonoscopy is limited.
AIM To evaluate the participation and impact of CRC screening guidelines in a remote northern population.
METHODS This retrospective cohort study included residents of the Northwest Territories, a northern region of Canada, age 50-74 who underwent CRC screening by a fecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) between January 1, 2014 to March 30, 2019. To assess impact, individuals with a screen-detected CRC were compared to clinically-detected CRC cases for stage and location of CRC between 2014-2016. To assess participation, we conducted subgroup analyses of FIT positive individuals exploring the relationships between signs and symptoms of CRC at the time of screening, wait-times for colonoscopy, and screening outcomes. Two sample Welch t-test was used for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Tests for data without normal distribution, and Chi-square goodness of fit test for categorical variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS 6817 fecal tests were completed, meaning an annual average screening rate of 25.04%, 843 (12.37%) were positive, 629 individuals underwent a follow-up colonoscopy, of which, 24.48% had advanced neoplasia (AN), 5.41% had CRC. There were no significant differences in stage, pathology, or location between screen-detected cancers and clinically-detected cancers. In assessing participation and screening outcomes, we observed 49.51% of individuals referred for colonoscopy after FIT were ineligible for CRC screening, most often due to signs and symptoms of CRC. Individuals were more likely to have AN if they had signs and symptoms of cancer at the time of screening, waited over 180 d for colonoscopy, or were indigenous [respectively, estimated RR 1.18 95%CI of RR (0.89-1.59)]; RR 1.523 (CI: 1.035, 2.240); RR 1.722 (CI: 1.165, 2.547)].
CONCLUSION Screening did not facilitate early cancer detection but facilitated higher than anticipated AN detection. Signs and symptoms of CRC at screening, and long colonoscopy wait-times appear contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Y4E9, Ontario, Canada
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Scarffe
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Brunet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Y4E9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cait Champion
- Department of Surgery, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury P3E2C6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kami Kandola
- Department of Health and Social Services, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife X1A1P5, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Alisha Tessier
- Department of Surgery, Stanton Territorial Health Authority, Yellowknife X1A0H1, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Robin Boushey
- Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Kuziemsky
- Office of Research Services, MacEwan University, Edmonton T5J4S2, Alberta, Canada
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Came H, Kidd J. A critical te Tiriti analysis of the New Zealand cancer action plan 2019–2029. J Cancer Policy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2020.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bair MJ, Chuang SL, Lei WY, Chen CL, Tian HW, Chiang TH, Su WWY, Lin CC, Chung Lo YT, Jou YY, Wu CY, Chia SL, Wu MS, Chen HH, Chu CH, Lee YC, Wang YW. Planning mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection for indigenous Taiwanese peoples to reduce gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:609-616. [PMID: 31677184 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study is to identify gastric cancer burden in Indigenous Taiwanese peoples and conduct a project to evaluate how to reduce the disparities most effectively in Indigenous communities. METHODS First, we quantified the health disparities in gastric cancer in Indigenous peoples using data from the cancer registries during the period of 2006-2014. Second, we identified parameters that might be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection or help identify a good eradication strategy. RESULTS Gastric cancer incidence (24.4 vs 12.3 per 100 000 person-years) and mortality rates (15.8 vs 6.8 per 100 000 person-years) were higher in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous, with 2.19-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-2.33) and 2.47-fold (2.28-2.67) increased risk, respectively. In Indigenous communities, H. pylori infection was more prevalent in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous (59.4% vs 31.5%, P < 0.01). Regression analyses consistently showed that either the mountain or plain Indigenous had 1.89-fold (95% CI: 1.34-2.66) and 1.73-fold (95% CI: 1.24-2.41) increased risk for H. pylori infection, respectively, as compared with non-Indigenous, adjusting for other baseline characteristics. The high infection rates were similarly seen in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Program eradication rates using clarithromycin-based triple therapy were suboptimal (73.7%, 95% CI: 70.0-77.4%); the habits of smoking (1.70-fold, 95% CI: 1.01-2.39) and betel nut chewing (1.54-fold, 95% CI: 0.93-2.16) were associated with the higher risk of treatment failure. CONCLUSION Gastric cancer burden is higher in Indigenous Taiwanese peoples than in their non-Indigenous counterparts. Eliminating the prevalent risk factor of H. pylori infection is a top priority to reduce this health disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jong Bair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung Mackey Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan.,Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Chuang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Lei
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Tian
- Shioulin District Public Health Center, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Wang-Yu Su
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Lin
- Taitung Public Health Bureau, Taitung County, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Chung Lo
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Yuh Jou
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Wu
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Chia
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien County, Taiwan.,Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gurney JK, Campbell S, Turner S, Scott N. Addressing cancer inequities for indigenous populations: The New Zealand story. J Cancer Policy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2019.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Singh S, McDonald JT, Ilie G, Adisesh A. An examination of the association between lifetime history of prostate and pancreatic cancer diagnosis and occupation in a population sample of Canadians. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227622. [PMID: 32023280 PMCID: PMC7001921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupation was assessed as possible risk factors for prostate (PCa) and pancreatic cancer in a large Canadian worker cohort. METHODS The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) was derived from linking the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort to the Canadian Cancer Database (1969-2010), Canadian Mortality Database (1991-2011), and Tax Summary Files (1981-2011). From the total sample of 1,931,110 persons, we identified and derived two samples of 28,610 men and 3,220 men and women with a past history of PCa and pancreatic cancer diagnoses, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals for occupation. RESULTS In Canadian men aged 24-64 years, the highest elevated risks of PCa were observed for library clerks (HR = 2.36, 95% CI:1.12-4.97), medical radiation technologists (HR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.04-2.65), telecommunications and line cable workers (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.22-3.16) and commissioned police officers (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10-2.16. The highest elevated risk for pancreatic cancer were observed for commissioned police officers (HR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.85-10.21), photographic and film processors (HR = 3.97, 95% CI:1.69-9.34), railway and motor transport labourers (HR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.67-9.29), and computer engineers (HR = 3.82, 95%CI: 1.52-9.61). CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the need for further study of job-related exposures and the potential influence of non-occupational factors such as screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anil Adisesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Diaz A, Soerjomataram I, Moore S, Whop LJ, Bray F, Hoberg H, Garvey G. Collection and Reporting of Indigenous Status Information in Cancer Registries Around the World. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6:133-142. [PMID: 32031453 PMCID: PMC6998012 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Worldwide, Indigenous people often have disproportionally worse health and lower life expectancy than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Despite the impact of cancer on life expectancy, little is known about the burden of cancer for Indigenous people primarily because of the paucity of data. We investigated the collection and reporting of Indigenous status information among a global sample of population-based cancer registries (PBCRs). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS An online survey was e-mailed to eligible registries using set inclusion criteria. Respondents were asked questions on the collection, reporting, and quality assessment of Indigenous status in their registers. RESULTS Eighty-three PBCRs from 25 countries were included. Of these, 66% reported that their registry collected Indigenous status data, although the quality of this variable had been assessed in less than half in terms of completeness (38%) and accuracy (47%). Two thirds of PBCRs who collected Indigenous status data (67%), from nine of 25 countries responded that cancer statistics for Indigenous people were reported using registry data. Key barriers to the collection of Indigenous status information included the lack of data collection at the point of care (79%), lack of transfer of Indigenous status to the cancer registry (46%), inadequate information systems (43%), and legislative limitations (32%). Important variations existed among world regions, although the lack of Indigenous status data collection at the point of care was commonly reported across all regions. CONCLUSION High-quality data collection is lacking for Indigenous peoples in many countries. To ensure the design and implementation of cancer control activities required to reduce disparities for Indigenous populations, health information systems, including cancer registries, need to be strengthened, and this must be done in dialogue with Indigenous leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Diaz
- Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa J. Whop
- Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Freddie Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hana Hoberg
- Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Gail Garvey
- Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
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Tervonen HE, Purdie S, Creighton N. Using data linkage to enhance the reporting of cancer outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in NSW, Australia. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:245. [PMID: 31888495 PMCID: PMC6936082 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aboriginal people are known to be under-recorded in routinely collected datasets in Australia. This study examined methods for enhancing the reporting of cancer incidence among Aboriginal people using linked data methodologies. Methods Invasive cancers diagnosed in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in 2010–2014 were identified from the NSW Cancer Registry (NSWCR). The NSWCR data were linked to the NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection, the NSW Emergency Department Data Collection and the Australian Coordinating Register Cause of Death Unit Record File. The following methods for enhancing the identification of Aboriginal people were used: ‘ever-reported’, ‘reported on most recent record’, ‘weight of evidence’ and ‘multi-stage median’. The impact of these methods on the number of cancer cases and age-standardised cancer incidence rates (ASR) among Aboriginal people was explored. Results Of the 204,948 cases of invasive cancer, 2703 (1.3%) were recorded as Aboriginal on the NSWCR. This increased with enhancement methods to 4184 (2.0%, ‘ever’), 3257 (1.6%, ‘most recent’), 3580 (1.7%, ‘weight of evidence’) and 3583 (1.7%, ‘multi-stage median’). Enhancement was generally greater in relative terms for males, people aged 25–34 years, people with cancers of localised or unknown degree of spread, people living in urban areas and areas with less socio-economic disadvantage. All enhancement methods increased ASRs for Aboriginal people. The weight of evidence method increased the overall ASR by 42% for males (894.1 per 100,000, 95% CI 844.5–945.4) and 27% for females (642.7 per 100,000, 95% CI 607.9–678.7). Greatest relative increases were observed for melanoma and prostate cancer incidence (126 and 63%, respectively). ASRs for prostate and breast cancer increased from below to above the ASRs of non-Aboriginal people with enhancement of Aboriginal status. Conclusions All data linkage methods increased the number of cancer cases and ASRs for Aboriginal people. Enhancement varied by demographic and cancer characteristics. We considered the weight of evidence method to be most suitable for population-level reporting of cancer incidence among Aboriginal people. The impact of enhancement on disparities in cancer outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Tervonen
- Cancer Institute NSW, PO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW, 1435, Australia
| | - Stuart Purdie
- Cancer Institute NSW, PO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW, 1435, Australia
| | - Nicola Creighton
- Cancer Institute NSW, PO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW, 1435, Australia.
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IPVS policy statement. Equity in cervical cancer prevention: for all and not just for some. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 9:100192. [PMID: 31809806 PMCID: PMC7217985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Horrill TC, Dahl L, Sanderson E, Munro G, Garson C, Taylor C, Fransoo R, Thompson G, Cook C, Linton J, Schultz ASH. Comparing cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis and outcomes of First Nations and all other Manitobans: a retrospective analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1055. [PMID: 31694679 PMCID: PMC6836370 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, epidemiological evidence suggests cancer incidence and outcomes among Indigenous peoples are a growing concern. Although historically cancer among First Nations (FN) peoples in Canada was relatively unknown, recent epidemiological evidence reveals a widening of cancer related disparities. However evidence at the population level is limited. The aim of this study was to explore cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and outcomes among status FN peoples in comparison with all other Manitobans (AOM). Methods All cancers diagnosed between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2011 were linked with the Indian Registry System and five provincial healthcare databases to compare differences in characteristics, cancer incidence, and stage at diagnosis and mortality of the FN and AOM cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine mortality. Results The FN cohort was significantly younger, with higher comorbidities than AOM. A higher proportion of FN people were diagnosed with cancer at stages III (18.7% vs. 15.4%) and IV (22.4% vs. 19.9%). Cancer incidence was significantly lower in the FN cohort, however, there were no significant differences between the two cohorts after adjusting for age, sex, income and area of residence. No significant trends in cancer incidence were identified in either cohort over time. Mortality was generally higher in the FN cohort. Conclusions Despite similar cancer incidence, FN peoples in Manitoba experience poorer survival. The underlying causes of these disparities are not yet understood, particularly in relation to the impact of colonization and other determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Horrill
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Lindsey Dahl
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Garry Munro
- Cree Nation Tribal Health Centre, The Pas, Canada
| | - Cindy Garson
- Interlake Reserves Tribal Council, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carole Taylor
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Randy Fransoo
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Genevieve Thompson
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Catherine Cook
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Janice Linton
- Indigenous Health Librarian, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Annette S H Schultz
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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