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Singh PK, Kumar BS, Nandi S, Gupta PSP, Mondal S. Genistein effect in cultured ovine ovarian granulosa cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23697. [PMID: 38578078 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone has the potential to mimic, augment, or dysregulate the steroid hormone production pathways. We hypothesized that genistein affects the granulosa cell (GCs) functions through a series of biochemical, molecular, and genomic cascades. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of genistein exposure on GCs viability, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis. The present study involved 3/5 days of exposure to genistein on GCs collected from abattoir-derived ovine ovaries at doses of 0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM. The harvested GCs were used for growth, cytotoxicity, and gene expression studies related to apoptosis, growth, and steroidogenesis. We observed that genistein had both stimulatory at 10 and 25 µM levels as well as inhibitory effects at 50 and 100 µM levels on the growth and proliferation of GCs. Genistein significantly decreased the levels of 17β-estradiol at higher exposure (50 and 100 µM), whereas the progesterone level increased significantly as the genistein exposure increased. Additionally, genistein could also alter the mRNA expression of the steroidogenic receptor, enzymes, proteins, and growth-related genes suggesting that genistein could potentially alter the steroidogenic pathways. We conclude that genistein can interfere with cell survival and steroidogenesis by exhibiting a dose-dependent biphasic response on the viability, growth-related parameters, and the synthesis of 17β-estradiol in the cultured GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bogapathi Sampath Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sumanta Nandi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paluru S P Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Annual Evaluation of 17 Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors and Hazard Indexes in the Douro River Estuary—The Atlantic Discharge of the Highest-Flow River of Southwestern Europe. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of seventeen endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that included oestrogens, phytoestrogens, sitosterol, and banned industrial pollutants were investigated at ten sites of the Douro River estuary. Surface waters were collected during 2019. After evaluating the physicochemical data (ammonia, nitrates, nitrites and phosphates), the waters were filtrated and submitted to solid-phase extraction (SPE) to extract and pre-concentrate (4000-fold) the EDCs. The extracts were derivatized with BSTFA + 1% TMS and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All EDCs showed a high detection rate (97%, on average), exhibiting ubiquity in this estuary. The finding of biologically relevant amounts of oestrogens (up to 8.5 ng/L for oestradiol, E2), phytoestrogens (up to 827 ng/L for biochanin A, BIO-A) and industrial pollutants (up to 2.7 µg/L for nonylphenol di-ethoxylated, NP2EO) strongly support ongoing risks of endocrine disruption for the local aquatic wildlife. Globally, there was an E2-equivalents (E2-EQs) concentration of 25 ng/L and a hazard index (HI) of 26, which further indicates considerable potential for adverse effects on local biota. Moreover, the physicochemical data suggest direct sewage discharges. Beyond possible toxicological effects on fauna, the detected contaminants may pose risks to humans via direct contact (bathing at local fluvial beaches) or by ingestion (local fish).
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Bešlo D, Došlić G, Agić D, Rastija V, Šperanda M, Gantner V, Lučić B. Polyphenols in Ruminant Nutrition and Their Effects on Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:970. [PMID: 35624834 PMCID: PMC9137580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of domestic animals with diets in which polyphenols are present is increasingly attracting the attention of nutritionists and scientists. This review summarizes the knowledge regarding polyphenols' possible positive and negative effects and their bioavailability. The bioavailability of substances is a prerequisite for any postabsorption effect in vivo. Positive and negative properties have been confirmed in previous studies on the diets of domestic animals rich in polyphenols, such as secondary metabolites of plants. Free radicals are formed in every organism, leading to oxidative stress. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules and can react in cells with macromolecules and can cause damage, including in reproductive cells. Some polyphenols at specific concentrations have antioxidant properties that positively affect animal reproduction by improving the quality of male and female gametes. The intake of phytoestrogens that mimic estrogen function can induce various pathological conditions in the female reproductive tract, including ovarian, fallopian, and uterine dysfunction. The metabolism of genistein and daidzein yields the metabolites equol and p-phenyl-phenol, leading to a decline in cow fertilization. The findings so far confirm that numerous questions still need to be answered. This review points out the importance of using polyphenols that have both benificial and some unfavorable properties in specific diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Gloria Došlić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Vesna Gantner
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (G.D.); (D.A.); (V.R.); (M.Š.); (V.G.)
| | - Bono Lučić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, NMR Centre, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Li L, Liu J, Wang X, Xiong X, Huang S, Wang X. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in daidzein-treated lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:789. [PMID: 34630702 PMCID: PMC8488333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein has been found to significantly inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells, while its potential molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To determine the molecular mechanism of daidzein on lung cancer cells, the Capital Bio Technology Human long non-coding (lnc) RNA Array v4, 4×180K chip was used to detect the gene expression profiles of 40,000 lncRNAs and 34,000 mRNAs in a human cancer cell line. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of target lncRNA and mRNAs in the H1299 cells treated with and without daidzein, using the lncRNA and mRNA gene chip. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the differentially expressed genes from the results of the chip assays. There were 119 and 40 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, that had a 2-fold change in expression level. A total of eight lncRNAs were upregulated in the H1299 lung cancer cells, while 111 lncRNAs were downregulated. Furthermore, five mRNAs were upregulated, and 35 mRNAs were downregulated. A total of six differentially expressed lncRNAs (ENST00000608897.1, ENST00000444196.1, ENST00000608741.1, XR_242163.1, ENST00000505196.1 and ENST00000498032.1) were randomly selected to validate the microarray data, which were consistent with the RT-qPCR analysis results. Differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in important Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that daidzein affected the expression level of lncRNAs in lung cancer cells, suggesting that daidzein may have potential effects on lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laifang Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, P.R. China
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Deich C, Frazão HC, Appelt JS, Li W, Pohlmann T, Waniek JJ. Occurrence and distribution of estrogenic substances in the northern South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145239. [PMID: 33736361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic substances are today among the contaminants of emerging concern. Besides naturally occurring estrogens, other natural and synthetic substances can mimic a hormonal action due to their structural resemblance to hormones, possibly affecting the endocrine system of living organisms. Estrogens have been detected in inland water bodies such as influents and effluents of waste water treatment plants as well as in rivers, but data on their distribution and variability in the marine ecosystem are still limited. Surface water samples obtained during two research cruises on the northern shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) near the Pearl River Estuary, in September 2018 and in August 2019, were investigated for estrogenic substances, namely estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI) and zearalenone (ZEN). Among the target analytes, the natural hormones E1 and E2, as well as the synthetic EE2, were the most abundant with maximum concentrations of 1.1 ng L-1, 0.7 ng L-1 and 0.6 ng L-1, respectively. Of substances produced by plants and fungi, GEN, DAI and ZEN, only GEN was detected (1.2 ng L-1). High concentrations occurred predominantly close to the coast, which was also reflected in the calculated estradiol equivalent quotients (up to 1.4 ng L-1). In general, the distribution of estrogenic substances observed in both years shows a regional and inter-annual variability consistent with the modeled surface current data for the SCS. Regarding single estrogenic compounds and estradiol equivalents, marine organisms in the northern SCS might be exposed to high potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Deich
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Helena C Frazão
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jana-Sophie Appelt
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wenguo Li
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pohlmann
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
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Harrath AH, Jalouli M, Oueslati MH, Farah MA, Feriani A, Aldahmash W, Aldawood N, Al-Anazi K, Falodah F, Swelum A, Alwasel S. The flavonoid, kaempferol-3-O-apiofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranosyl, as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer with a promoting effect on ovarian function. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6170-6180. [PMID: 33908658 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that breast cancer cells eventually develop resistance to hormonal drugs and chemotherapies, which often compromise fertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the flavonoid, kaempferol-3-O-apiofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranosyl (KARP), on 1) the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and 2) ovarian function in rats. A dose-dependent decrease in MCF-7 cell survival was observed, and the IC50 value was found to be 48 μg/ml. Cells in the control group or those exposed to increasing concentrations of KARP experienced a similar generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. For the rats, estradiol levels correlated negatively to KARP dosages, although a recovery was obtained at administration of 30 mg/kg per day. Noteworthily, when compared against the control, this dosage led to significant increases in mRNA levels for CYP19, CYP17a, CCND2, GDF9, and INSL3 among the treatment groups, and ER1 and ER2 mRNA levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. KARP shows great promise as an ideal therapy for breast cancer patients since it induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancerous cells without harming fertility in our animal model. Future investigations on humans are necessary to substantiate these findings and determine its efficacy as a general line of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anouar Feriani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aldawood
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Falodah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sridevi V, Naveen P, Karnam VS, Reddy PR, Arifullah M. Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant-based Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:802-815. [PMID: 32942973 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200917154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through a plant-based diet also named as "dietary estrogens". The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flaxseed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods plays a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster, including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. OBJECTIVE Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meals for most people worldwide, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by observing endocrine disruption. CONCLUSION The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaadala Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Ponneri Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | | | - Pamuru R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Mohammed Arifullah
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA) & Faculty of Agrobased Industry (FIAT), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Angelotti JAF, Dias FFG, Sato HH, Fernandes P, Nakajima VM, Macedo J. Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized Β-Glucosidase and their Effects in Lipid Accumulation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:734-750. [PMID: 32535816 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol-gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol-gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A F Angelotti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, R. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, 2212 Robert Mondavi Institute-South, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hélia H Sato
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS e Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia M Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University-UFVF, rua Mários Santos Braga 30, CEP, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Juliana Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CP 6121, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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Petrine JCP, Del Bianco-Borges B. The influence of phytoestrogens on different physiological and pathological processes: An overview. Phytother Res 2020; 35:180-197. [PMID: 32780464 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods have nutritional properties and organic functions, which are beneficial to health. Certain types of functional food components are so-called phytoestrogens, non-steroidal compounds derived from the metabolism of precursors contained in plants, which originate secondary metabotypes known to induce biological responses and by mimicry or modulating the action of endogenous estrogen. These molecules are involved in several physiological and pathological processes related to reproduction, bone remodeling, skin, cardiovascular, nervous, immune systems, and metabolism. This review aimed to present an overview of phytoestrogens regarding their chemical structure, actions, and effects in the organism given several pathologies. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial phytoestrogen actions, such as lipid profile improvement, cognitive function, menopause, oxidative stress, among others. Phytoestrogens effects are not completely elucidated, being necessary future research to understand the exact action mechanisms, whether they are via estrogen receptor or whether other hidden mechanisms produce these effects. Thus, this review makes a general approach to the phytoestrogen actions, beneficial effects, risk and limitations. However, the complexities of biological effects after ingestion of phytoestrogens and the differences in their metabolism and bioavailability indicate that interpretation of either risk or benefits needs to be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica C P Petrine
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
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10
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Zheng HX, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhu JJ, Fan YF, Lin N. Long-time qingyan formula extract treatment exerts estrogenic activities on reproductive tissues without side effects in ovariectomized rats and via active ER to ERE-independent gene regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4032-4049. [PMID: 31219800 PMCID: PMC6628985 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive tissues are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. Qingyan formula ethanol extract (QYFE)’s estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after long-term administration and its mechanism via estrogen receptor (ER) pathway haven’t been studied. Here, we characterized its estrogenic effects using ovariectomized rats together with in vitro studies for further molecular characterization. Ovariectomized rats were treated with QYFE at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8g/kg for 12 weeks. The results showed QYFE has a potent estrogenic activity, as indicated by restoring the disappeared estrous cycle, antagonizing the atrophy of uterus, vagina and mammary gland, and the estrogen decline in circulation caused by ovariectomy. In addition, QYFE upregulated ERα and ERβ expressions and had a less stimulatory effect on PCNA and ki-67 antigen in reproductive tissues compared with estradiol valerate. QYFE components can bind to ERα and ERβ, significantly increased ERα/β-ERE luciferase reporter gene expression, upregulated the expressions of ERs, PR and pS2 in MCF-7 cells at protein and gene level. All these activities were significantly inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. QYFE’s estrogenic activity maybe mediated by stimulating biosynthesis of estrogen and increasing the quantity of ERs in target tissue and via active ER to ERE-independent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Fan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ajdžanović V, Miler M, Živanović J, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Popovska-Perčinić F, Milošević V. The adrenal cortex after estradiol or daidzein application in a rat model of the andropause: Structural and hormonal study. Ann Anat 2020; 230:151487. [PMID: 32120001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Daidzein application may represent an effective and less harmful alternative to indicated, classical estrogenization of ageing men. The aim of this study was to perform structural and hormonal analysis of the adrenal cortex, after estradiol or daidzein supplementation in a rat model of the andropause. MATERIAL AND METHODS Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into sham operated (SO; n = 8), orchidectomized (Orx; n = 8), estradiol treated orchidectomized (Orx + E; n = 8) and daidzein treated orchidectomized (Orx + D; n = 8) groups. Estradiol (0.625 mg/kg b.m./day) or daidzein (30 mg/kg b.m./day) were administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while the SO and Orx groups received the vehicle alone. Set objectives were achieved using stereology, histochemistry/immunohistochemistry, immunoassays and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS Both estradiol and daidzein treatment significantly increased volumes of the zona glomerulosa cell and nuclei, but decreased circulating aldosterone levels. Estradiol markedly increased volumes of the zona fasciculata cell and nuclei in parallel with significant decrease of the adrenal tissue level of corticosterone, while daidzein significantly decreased both the adrenal and circulating levels of corticosterone. Serum DHEA level and volumes of the zona reticularis cell and nuclei significantly increased upon estradiol treatment, whereas daidzein even stronger increased the circulating level of DHEA. Shunting of the corticosteroidogenesis pathways towards adrenal androgens production, after the treatments, corresponded to the ultrastructural findings and zonal capillary network rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS Given the coherence of its effects and relative safety, daidzein could be the remedy of choice for the treatment of ageing-caused androgen deprivation and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction/related metabolic issues in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Deich C, Kanwischer M, Jähne M, Waniek JJ. Patterns of estrogenic activity in the Baltic Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124870. [PMID: 31550586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Compounds such as estradiol and ethinylestradiol belong to contaminants of emerging concern, as they can disrupt the endocrine system of an organism with a hormonal system. The determination of such compounds is still challenging due to required low detection and quantification limits. Bioassays have proved to be sensitive tools for investigating the full potential of all compounds that can elicit an estrogenic response. In this study, surface water samples from different sampling sites and seasons in the Baltic Sea were analyzed for estrogenic activity with the Arxula adeninivorans yeast estrogen screen. Observed estradiol equivalent concentrations were in the range of <LOD - 0.38ngL-1. In general, a seasonal trend was observed, i.e., with an increase in water temperature in late spring, estradiol equivalent concentrations rose suddenly and decreased as abruptly when the temperature declined in autumn. An initial risk assessment shows that observed estradiol equivalent concentrations potentially affect organisms at a medium risk level based on determined risk quotients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Deich
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marion Kanwischer
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Jähne
- QuoData GmbH, Prellerstraße 14, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joanna J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Sergio RP, Susana RM, Alberto DJ, Socorro RM. Leucaena leucocephala extract has estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions on female rat reproduction. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112683. [PMID: 31533020 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena feed has been reported to cause disruptive effects on livestock reproduction, such as low calving percentages in cows, abortion in female goats and pigs, dead fetuses and fetal resorption in pregnant rats. In this study, the effects of Leucaena on different female reproductive variables were analyzed in two different reproductive conditions: gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Leucaena (LEU) was administered to females in both experimental conditions for 30 consecutive days. The effects of the legume extract were compared with those of Daidzein (DAI), a phytoestrogen, and of the female hormone estradiol (E2). In intact females, LEU disrupted the estrous cycle and female sexual behavior, decreased the number of follicles and corpora lutea, increased uterine and vaginal epithelium in proestrus and diestrus periods, increased uterine and vaginal relative weights during diestrus, and decreased serum progesterone during proestrus. All these effects were similar to those of DAI but lower than E2-induced effects. In OVX females, LEU decreased body weight, induced lordosis, stimulated vaginal epithelium cornification, increased vaginal weight, and augmented vaginal epithelium thickness. Again, these effects were similar to the effects of DAI and lower than the effects observed with E2. These results indicate that, in gonadally intact females, LEU can produce antiestrogenic effects in sexual behavior but estrogenic effects on uterine and vaginal weight and epithelia, without modifying serum levels of E2. In OVX females, in total absence of endogenous E2, LEU induced estrogenic effects on vaginal weight and epithelia, as well as on sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romero-Palacios Sergio
- Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Rojas-Maya Susana
- Departamento de Neuroendocrinología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Delgadillo José Alberto
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Retana-Márquez Socorro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico.
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14
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Carbonel AAF, Vieira MC, Simões RS, Lima PDA, Fuchs LFP, Girão ERC, Cicivizzo GP, Sasso GRS, de Moraes LOC, Soares Junior JM, Baracat EC, Simões MJ, Girão MJBC. Isoflavones improve collagen I and glycosaminoglycans and prevent bone loss in type 1 diabetic rats. Climacteric 2019; 23:75-83. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1627314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. F. Carbonel
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. C. Vieira
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. S. Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. D. A. Lima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L. F. P. Fuchs
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. R. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. P. Cicivizzo
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. R. S. Sasso
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. O. Carvalho de Moraes
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. M. Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. C. Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. B. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Chen FP, Chien MH. Effects of phytoestrogens on the activity and growth of primary breast cancer cells ex vivo. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1352-1362. [PMID: 31099163 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the ex vivo effects of phytoestrogens on primary human breast cancer cells. METHODS Breast cancer cells were obtained from patients who underwent primary breast cancer surgery, which were treated with 10-8 M 17β-estradiol (E2 ), one of three phytoestrogens (genistein, resveratrol and quercetin, 10-7 M), and a combination of E2 and one of the three phytoestrogens for 48 h. These cells were then extracted for viability and apoptosis assay. The proteins involved in the proliferative and apoptotic pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Human breast cancer cell viability was inhibited by all phytoestrogens but induced by E2 with or without phytoestrogen. Apoptotic cells, as well as the proteins involved in apoptotic pathway and estrogen receptor (ER) β, were significantly increased in the cells treated with phytoestrogen alone. The use of E2 with or without a phytoestrogen revealed completely opposite results. The proteins involved in the proliferative pathway and ER α expression were all increased in the cultures with E2 with or without phytoestrogens. CONCLUSION In the presence of E2 , these phytoestrogens lose the effects of suppressing breast cancer cells; contrastingly, induce growth stimulatory effects by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation in primary breast cancer cells. Thus, the effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer should be considered as E2 still present in breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Mundhe N, Kumar P, Arora I, Ahmed S, Lahkar M. Differential effect of NDGA on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Spargue-Dawley rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:68-75. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1547741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mundhe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Government Medical College Chamba, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishan Arora
- Department of Community Medicine, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Government Medical College Chamba, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India
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17
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Possible role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer via GPER-1/GPR30 signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2583-2598. [PMID: 30545896 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens generated within endocrine organs and the reproductive system act as ligands for at least three types of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor GPR30, also known as GPER-1, has been described as a novel estrogen receptor sited in the cell membrane of target cells. Furthermore, these receptors are under stimulation of a family of exogenous estrogens, known as phytoestrogens, which are a diverse group of non-steroidal plant compounds derived from plant food consumed by humans and animals. Because phytoestrogens are omnipresent in our daily diet, they are becoming increasingly important in both human health and disease. Recent evidence indicates that in addition to classical estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens also activate GPER-1 a relevant observation since GPER-1 is involved in several physiopathological disorders and especially in estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.The first estrogen receptors discovered were the classical ERα and ERβ, but from an evolutionary point of view G protein-coupled receptors trace their origins in history to over a billion years ago suggesting that estrogen receptors like GPER-1 may have been the targets of choice for ancient phytoestrogens and/or estrogens.This review provides a comprehensive and systematic literature search on phytoestrogens and its relationship with classical estrogen receptors and GPER-1 including its role in breast cancer, an issue still under discussion.
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18
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Ahmad B, Shrivastava VK, Saleh R, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Protective effects of saffron against zearalenone-induced alterations in reproductive hormones in female mice ( Mus musculus). Clin Exp Reprod Med 2018; 45:163-169. [PMID: 30538946 PMCID: PMC6277668 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with potent estrogenic effects. Saffron is an herbal product that has antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of saffron against reproductive toxicity induced by ZEA in female mice. Methods Ninety 8-week-old female mice were randomly allocated into three treatment groups. The first group received an intraperitoneal injection of ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days. The second group received ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days plus oral saffron daily (50 mg/kg). The third group was treated with a vehicle of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on alternate days, as a control. Ten mice were euthanized from each group at 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were assessed. The uterus and ovaries were examined for changes in size or morphology. Results Serum levels of LH, FSH, E2, and P in the female mice treated with ZEA plus saffron were significantly higher than in those treated with ZEA alone, and were not significantly different from those treated with 1% DMSO. The female mice treated with ZEA alone showed a reduction in size of the uterus and abnormal architecture of the ovaries. Conclusion The administration of saffron to female mice resulted in a significant reduction in ZEA-induced alterations in reproductive hormone levels, the size of the uterus, and the morphology of the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Bioscience, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Bioscience, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ramadan Saleh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Xu Y, Li X, Chen T, Qu Y, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Lin N. Retracted
: Radix Paeoniae Alba increases serum estrogen level and up‐regulates estrogen receptor expression in uterus and vagina of immature/ovariectomized mice. Phytother Res 2018; 33:117-129. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya‐kun Qu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong‐xia Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zi‐jia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
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20
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Coumestrol/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin association incorporated in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel exhibits wound healing effect: in vitro and in vivo study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Fedoros EI, Orlov AA, Zherebker A, Gubareva EA, Maydin MA, Konstantinov AI, Krasnov KA, Karapetian RN, Izotova EI, Pigarev SE, Panchenko AV, Tyndyk ML, Osolodkin DI, Nikolaev EN, Perminova IV, Anisimov VN. Novel water-soluble lignin derivative BP-Cx-1: identification of components and screening of potential targets in silico and in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18578-18593. [PMID: 29719628 PMCID: PMC5915095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of molecular targets and mechanism of action is always a challenge, in particular – for natural compounds due to inherent chemical complexity. BP-Cx-1 is a water-soluble modification of hydrolyzed lignin used as the platform for a portfolio of innovative pharmacological products aimed for therapy and supportive care of oncological patients. The present study describes a new approach, which combines in vitro screening of potential molecular targets for BP-Cx-1 using Diversity Profile - P9 panel by Eurofins Cerep (France) with a search of possible active components in silico in ChEMBL - manually curated chemical database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties. The results of diversity assay demonstrate that BP-Cx-1 has multiple biological effects on neurotransmitters receptors, ligand-gated ion channels and transporters. Of particular importance is that the major part of identified molecular targets are involved in modulation of inflammation and immune response and might be related to tumorigenesis. Characterization of molecular composition of BP-Cx-1 with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry and subsequent identification of possible active components by searching for molecular matches in silico in ChEMBL indicated polyphenolic components, nominally, flavonoids, sapogenins, phenanthrenes, as the major carriers of biological activity of BP-Cx-1. In vitro and in silico target screening yielded overlapping lists of proteins: adenosine receptors, dopamine receptor DRD4, glucocorticoid receptor, serotonin receptor 5-HT1, prostaglandin receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptor, GABAA receptor. The pleiotropic molecular activities of polyphenolic components are beneficial in treatment of multifactorial disorders such as diseases associated with chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia.,Nobel LTD, Saint-Petersburg 192012, Russia
| | - Alexey A Orlov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Gubareva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Maydin
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | | | - Konstantin A Krasnov
- Institute of Toxicology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Andrey V Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Margarita L Tyndyk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS, Moscow 108819, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
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Ajdžanovic VZ, Trifunovic S, Miljic D, Šošic-Jurjevic B, Filipovic B, Miler M, Ristic N, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Miloševic V. Somatopause, weaknesses of the therapeutic approaches and the cautious optimism based on experimental ageing studies with soy isoflavones. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:279-301. [PMID: 29743865 PMCID: PMC5938552 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological phenomenon of somatopause, noticeable in hypogonadal ageing subjects, is based on the growth hormone (GH) production and secretion decrease along with the fall in GH binding protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, causing different musculoskeletal, metabolic and mental issues. From the perspective of safety and efficacy, GH treatment is considered to be highly controversial, while some other therapeutic approaches (application of IGF-1, GH secretagogues, gonadal steroids, cholinesterase-inhibitors or various combinations) exhibit more or less pronounced weaknesses in this respect. Soy isoflavones, phytochemicals that have already demonstrated the health benefits in treated elderly, at least experimentally reveal their potential for the somatopausal symptoms remediation. Namely, genistein enhanced GHRH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and GH release in rat anterior pituitary cells; refreshed and stimulated the somatotropic system (hypothalamic nuclei and pituitary GH cells) function in a rat model of the mild andropause, and stimulated the GH output in ovariectomized ewes as well as the amplitude of GH pulses in the rams. Daidzein, on the other hand, increased body mass, trabecular bone mass and decreased bone turnover in the animal model of severe andropause, while both isoflavones demonstrated blood cholesterol-lowering effect in the same model. These data, which necessarily need to be preclinically and clinically filtered, hint some cautious optimism and call for further innovative designing of balanced soy isoflavone-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošic-Jurjevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Miloševic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Šošić-Jurjević B, Pendovski L, Milošević V. Histological and morphofunctional parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are sensitive to daidzein treatment in the adult rat. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:129-135. [PMID: 29338944 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavone, daidzein is a biologically active, plant-derived compound that interacts with estrogen receptors. Data from previous studies have suggested that daidzein exerts beneficial effects in many diseases; however, as an endocrine disrupter, it may also alter the functioning of the endocrine system. Data regarding the effect of daidzein on the morphofunctional and histological parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system is still lacking. Therefore, using the newCAST stereological software, we investigated the effects of chronic (21 days) daidzein treatment on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the hypothalamus and corticotropes (ACTH cells) in the pituitary, while image analysis was employed to-examine the intensity of fluorescence of CRH in the median eminence (ME) and adrenocorticotropin hormone in the pituitary in adult orchidectomized (Ovx) rats. Circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels were also analyzed. This study showed that daidzein treatment decreased the volume density of CRH neurons within the paraventricular nucleus as well as CRH immunofluorescence in the ME. The total number of ACTH cells was decreased, while ACTH cell volume and the intensity of ACTH fluorescence were increased following daidzein treatment. Both ACTH and corticosterone blood levels were increased after daidzein administration. The results of performed experiments clearly demonstrate that volume density of CRH neurons; total number and volume of ACTH cells, as well as stress hormones levels are vulnerable to the effects of daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazo Pendovski
- Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, FYR, Macedonia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Vuorinen A, Engeli RT, Leugger S, Bachmann F, Akram M, Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Temml V, Stuppner H, Krenn L, Ateba SB, Njamen D, Davis RA, Odermatt A, Schuster D. Potential Antiosteoporotic Natural Product Lead Compounds That Inhibit 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:965-974. [PMID: 28319389 PMCID: PMC5411959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) converts the active steroid hormones estradiol, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone into their weakly active forms estrone, Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione, and 5α-androstane-3,17-dione, respectively, thereby regulating cell- and tissue-specific steroid action. As reduced levels of active steroids are associated with compromised bone health and onset of osteoporosis, 17β-HSD2 is considered a target for antiosteoporotic treatment. In this study, a pharmacophore model based on 17β-HSD2 inhibitors was applied to a virtual screening of various databases containing natural products in order to discover new lead structures from nature. In total, 36 hit molecules were selected for biological evaluation. Of these compounds, 12 inhibited 17β-HSD2 with nanomolar to low micromolar IC50 values. The most potent compounds, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (1), IC50 0.38 ± 0.04 μM, (-)-dihydroguaiaretic acid (4), IC50 0.94 ± 0.02 μM, isoliquiritigenin (6), IC50 0.36 ± 0.08 μM, and ethyl vanillate (12), IC50 1.28 ± 0.26 μM, showed 8-fold or higher selectivity over 17β-HSD1. As some of the identified compounds belong to the same structural class, structure-activity relationships were derived for these molecules. Thus, this study describes new 17β-HSD2 inhibitors from nature and provides insights into the binding pocket of 17β-HSD2, offering a promising starting point for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vuorinen
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger T. Engeli
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Leugger
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bachmann
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvin B. Ateba
- Laboratory
of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology,
Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde
I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Laboratory
of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology,
Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde
I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Biochemistry:
A. Odermatt, Tel: +41 (0)61 267 15 30. Fax: +41
(0)61 267 15 15.
E-mail:
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Molecular modeling: D. Schuster,
Tel: +43-512-507-58253. Fax: +43-512-507-58299. E-mail:
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25
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Xu Y, Chen T, Li X, Qu YK, An JN, Zheng HX, Zhang ZJ, Lin N. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge increases estrogen level without side effects on reproductive tissues in immature/ovariectomized mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 9:156-172. [PMID: 27997360 PMCID: PMC5310662 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge(SM) is a popular herb for alleviating menopausal symptoms, although the scientific evidence of applying SM to estrogen replacement therapy is limited. In this study, we characterized the estrogenic activity of SM using in vivo models of immature and ovariectomized (OVX) mice and performed in vitro studies focusing on the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway for further molecular characterizations. SM treatments demonstrated significant estrogenic activity by promoting the development of uterus and vagina in immature mice, restoring the estrus cycle and reversing the atrophy of reproductive tissues in OVX mice, as well as increasing the expressions of ERα and ERβ at protein and mRNA level in the reproductive tissues. Meanwhile, SM significantly increased estradiol in serum, and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the circulation of immature and OVX mice. SM could stimulate the binding effect of ERα and ERβ, and significantly induce ERα/β-estrogen response element (ERE) luciferase reporter gene expression. All these activities were inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182, 780. This study demonstrates SM exerts estrogenic effects by stimulating biosynthesis of estrogen and increasing ERs in target tissues without side effects on reproductive tissues and through ER-ERE-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya-kun Qu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-na An
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-xia Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi-jia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 100101, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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26
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Harris DM, Besselink E, Henning SM, Go VLW, Heber D. Phytoestrogens Induce Differential Estrogen Receptor Alpha- or Beta-Mediated Responses in Transfected Breast Cancer Cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:558-68. [PMID: 16118406 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intake of phytoestrogens may be associated with a lower risk of cancer in the breast and several other sites, although there is controversy surrounding this activity. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the activity of phytoestrogens is their ability to bind and activate human estrogen receptor a (ERα) and human estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Nine phytoestrogens were tested for their ability to transactivate ERα or ERβ at a range of doses. Mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were co-transfected with either ERα or ERβ, and an estrogen-response element was linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Dose-dependent responses were compared with the endogenous ligand 17β-estradiol. Purified genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and coumestrol showed differential and robust transactivation of ERα- and ERβ-induced transcription, with an up to 100-fold stronger activation of ERβ. Equol, naringenin, and kaempferol were weaker agonists. When activity was evaluated against a background of 0.5 nM 17β-estradiol, the addition of genistein, daidzein, and resveratrol superstimulated the system, while kaempferol and quercetin were antagonists at the highest doses. This transfection assay provides an excellent model to evaluate the activation of ERα and ERβ by different phytoestrogens in a breast cancer context and can be used as a screening bioassay tool to evaluate the estrogenic activity of extracts of herbs and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Harris
- The UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, 13-145 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
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27
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Visser K, Zierau O, Macejová D, Goerl F, Muders M, Baretton GB, Vollmer G, Louw A. The phytoestrogenic Cyclopia extract, SM6Met, increases median tumor free survival and reduces tumor mass and volume in chemically induced rat mammary gland carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:129-35. [PMID: 27142456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SM6Met, a phytoestrogenic extract of Cyclopia subternata indigenous to the Western Cape province of South Africa, displays estrogenic attributes with potential for breast cancer chemoprevention. In this study, we report that SM6Met, in the presence of estradiol, induces a significant cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest similar to the selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, in the N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea induced rat mammary gland carcinogenesis model, SM6Met increases tumor latency by 7days and median tumor free survival by 42 days, while decreasing palpable tumor frequency by 32%, tumor mass by 40%, and tumor volume by 53%. Therefore, the current study provides proof of concept that SM6Met has definite potential as a chemopreventative agent against the development and progression of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclopia Plant/chemistry
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Female
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/mortality
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Methylnitrosourea
- Phytoestrogens/isolation & purification
- Phytoestrogens/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Koch Visser
- Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute for Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Macejová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Florian Goerl
- Institute for Pathology, Radeberg, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Muders
- Institute for Pathology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute for Pathology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute for Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann Louw
- Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
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28
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Retana-Márquez S, Juárez-Rojas L, Hernández A, Romero C, López G, Miranda L, Guerrero-Aguilera A, Solano F, Hernández E, Chemineau P, Keller M, Delgadillo JA. Comparison of the effects of mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts with phytoestrogens on the reproductive physiology and sexual behavior in the male rat. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:1-10. [PMID: 27163522 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) and Leucaena leucocephala are widespread legumes, widely used to feed several livestock species and as food source for human populations in several countries. Both mesquite and Leucaena contain several phytoestrogens which might have potential estrogenic effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts on several aspects of behavior and reproductive physiology of the male rat. The effects of the extracts were compared with those of estradiol (E2) and of two isoflavones: daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN). The following treatments were given to groups of intact male rats: vehicle; mesquite pod extract; Leucaena extract; E2; DAI; GEN. The results indicate that mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts disrupt male sexual behavior in a similar way to DAI and GEN, but less than E2. The main disruptor of sexual behavior was E2, however after 40 and 50days of administration, both extracts and phytoestrogens disrupted sexual behavior in a similar way to E2. The extracts also increased testicular germ cell apoptosis, decreased sperm quality, testicular weight, and testosterone levels, as phytoestrogens did, although these effects were less than those caused by estradiol. The number of seminiferous tubules with TUNEL-positive germ cells increased in extracts treated groups in a similar way to phytoestrogens groups, and E2 caused the greatest effect. The number of TUNEL-positive cells per tubule increased only in Leucaena extract and E2 groups, but not in mesquite- and phytoestrogens-treated groups. Spermatocytes and round spermatids were the TUNEL-positive cells observed in all experimental groups. This effect was associated with smaller testicular weights without atrophy in experimental groups compared with control. Testicular atrophy was only observed in estradiol-treated males. Testosterone decreased in males of all experimental groups, compared with control, this androgen was undetectable in E2 treated males. These results suggest that mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts cause effects similar to those of phytoestrogens in male rat reproduction, these effects were lower than those caused by E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Retana-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico.
| | - L Juárez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - A Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - C Romero
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - G López
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - L Miranda
- Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Guerrero-Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - F Solano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - E Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, México City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - P Chemineau
- INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université F. Rabelais-IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M Keller
- INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université F. Rabelais-IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - J A Delgadillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
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29
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Reis M, Pardal MÂ, Rocha E. Pollution by oestrogenic endocrine disruptors and β-sitosterol in a south-western European river (Mira, Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:240. [PMID: 27004433 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Mira River is a Portuguese water body widely known for its wilderness and is advertised as one of the less polluted European rivers. On this presumption, the levels of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in Mira waters were never measured. However, because environmentalists have claimed that the Mira could be moderately polluted, a range of 17 EDCs were measured not only at the estuary but also along the river. The targeted EDCs included natural and pharmaceutical oestrogens (17β-oestradiol, oestrone and 17α-ethynylestradiol), industrial/household pollutants (octylphenols, nonylphenols and their monoethoxylates and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein) and the phytosterol sitosterol (SITO). For this propose, waters from six sampling sites were taken every 2 months, over a 1-year period (2011), and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unexpectedly high levels of oestrogens and of industrial/household pollutants were measured at all sampling sites, including those located inside natural protected areas. Indeed, the annual average sum of EDCs was ≈57 ng/L for oestrogens and ≈1.3 μg/L for industrial/household chemicals. In contrast, the global average levels of phytoestrogens (≈140 ng/L) and of SITO (≈295 ng/L) were lower than those reported worldwide. The EDC concentrations were normalised for ethynylestradiol equivalents (EE2eq). In view of these, the oestrogenic load of the Mira River attained ≈47 ng/L EE2eq. In addition, phosphates were above legal limits at both spring and summer (>1 mg/L). Overall, data show EDCs at toxicant relevant levels in the Mira and stress the need to monitor rivers that are allegedly less polluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Portugal.
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), UPorto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Portugal
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), UPorto, Portugal
| | - Mário Reis
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Portugal
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), UPorto, Portugal
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30
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Reis M, Pardal MÂ, Rocha E. Pollution by endocrine disruptors in a southwest European temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:101. [PMID: 26787270 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ria de Aveiro is a Portuguese lagoon renowned for its ecological and economic importance. Nonetheless, in literature, few data exist about its organic pollution. Accordingly, this study chemically monitored for the first time a series of 17 endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The target EDCs include natural (17β-oestradiol, oestrone) and pharmaceutical (17α-ethynylestradiol) oestrogens, industrial/household xenoestrogenic pollutants (octylphenols, nonylphenols and their mono and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein) and the phytosterol sitosterol (SITO). For the investigation of these EDCs, water samples were taken from eight sampling sites widely spread along the lagoon, at three different occasions in 2011, and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results not only proved the ubiquitous distribution of all analysed EDCs but revealed that their amounts were extremely high at all sampling sites. The annual average concentrations were ≈ 46 ng/L for oestrogens, ≈ 3962 ng/L for industrial/household chemicals, ≈ 1740 ng/L for phytoestrogens and ≈ 908 ng/L for SITO. Normalising these values in ethynylestradiol equivalents (EE2eq), the oestrogenic load in this lagoon attained ≈ 50 ng/L EE2eq, which is a value well above that known to produce oestrogenic-induced disorders in aquatic fauna. Additionally, phosphate concentrations were also above the legal limits (>1 mg/L). Overall, data show EDCs at toxic relevant levels in the Ria de Aveiro and stress the need to enforce depollution measures in this habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Reis
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, Porto, Portugal
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Ribeiro AR, Maia A, Santos M, Tiritan ME, Ribeiro CMR. Occurrence of Natural Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Douro River Estuary, Portugal. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:361-371. [PMID: 26318103 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies demonstrated the presence of diverse environmental contaminants in the Douro River estuary, such as natural and synthetic estrogens, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds and pesticides. This estuary is located between two densely populated cities and is highly impacted due to anthropogenic activities, such as industry and agriculture. Although the presence of mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, such as lignans and coumestrans, in the aquatic environment is reported by some authors, their occurrence in Portuguese waters was not investigated yet. To evaluate the presence of phytoestrogens, phytosterols and mycotoxins in Douro River estuary, water samples were collected seasonally at nine sampling points, preconcentrated by solid phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Local flora was collected on the riverside, in the same sampling points, for identification and evaluation of the possible relation to the presence of phytoestrogens and/or phytosterols in the estuarine water. Results showed the ubiquitous presence of mycotoxins, namely deoxynivalenol up to 373.5 ng L(-1). Both phytoestrogens and phytosterols showed a possible seasonal fluctuation, which is in accordance to the life cycle of the local flora and agricultural practices. Physicochemical parameters were also determined for water quality evaluation. This study revealed for the first time the presence of mycotoxins and lignans in estuarine waters from Portugal, and highlights the need to consider natural contaminants in future monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Maia
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Maria Rosa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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An J, Hu F, Wang C, Zhang Z, Yang L, Wang Z. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five active ingredients of Eucommiae cortex in normal and ovariectomized mice by UHPLC-MS/MS. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:793-804. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1129470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, PR China, and
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Xu Y, Ma XP, An JN, Zhang ZJ, Ding J, Qu YK, Liu ZL, Lin N. Short-time QiBaoMeiRan Formula Treatment Exerts Estrogenic Activities without Side Effects on Reproductive Tissues in Immature Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17436. [PMID: 26644197 PMCID: PMC4672331 DOI: 10.1038/srep17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herbal preparation QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR) displayed estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats after long-term administration in a previous study. The uterus and vagina are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. While QBMR is known to be a phytoestrogen, its estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after short-term administration and its mechanism via estrogen receptor (ER) pathway haven’t been studied. Here, we characterized its estrogenic effects using immature mice together with in vitro studies for further molecular characterization. Immature mice were treated with QBMR at doses of 1.125, 2.25, and 4.5 g/kg for 7 days. 1.125 and 2.25 g/kg QBMR promoted the growth and development of uterus and vagina, and upregulated ERα and ERβ expression in reproductive tissues. QBMR had a stimulatory effect on proliferating cell nuclear antigen in vagina but not in uterus, and was without any influence on ki-67 antigen in uterus and vagina. QBMR significantly induced luciferase expression from the ERα/β-estrogen response element (ERE) luciferase reporter and upregulated ERα and ERβ expressions in MCF-7 cells, which were significantly inhibited by estrogen antagonist ICI182,780. This study demonstrated QBMR exerts estrogenic effects on reproductive tissues without side effects and through ER-ERE-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-ping Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-na An
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi-jia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya-kun Qu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhen-li Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
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Tufarelli V, Lacalandra GM, Laudadio V. Reproductive and Metabolic Responses of Early-lactating Dairy Cows Fed Different Dietary Protein Sources. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:735-9. [PMID: 26134899 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optimal reproduction is very closely tied with optimal nutrition, and early-lactation diets in cows are critical to successful reproduction and monitoring is important. To evaluate the effects of different dietary protein sources on metabolic parameters and reproductive activity, a total of 36 Italian Friesian early-lactating dairy cows were assigned for 16 weeks to three dietary treatments as follow: the control diet contained soya bean meal (SBM) as the main protein source, whereas the experimental diets contained faba bean (FB) or pea seeds (PS) as alternative protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Cow blood samples were collected, and plasma were analysed for metabolites, biological enzymes, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Feeding alternative protein sources had no effects on most metabolic blood profile, except for blood cholesterol, triglycerides and urea. Results from reproductive parameters indicated that cows fed FB diet had a lower insemination index, but a shorter calving to conception period and an improved conception rate and artificial insemination outcome, when compared to cows fed SBM or PS diets. It can be concluded that replacing conventional dietary SBM with alternative protein sources, especially FB, resulted in improved reproductive performances and metabolic parameters in early-lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tufarelli
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G M Lacalandra
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - V Laudadio
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Reis M, Pardal MÂ, Rocha E. Toxicological relevance of endocrine disruptors in the Tagus River estuary (Lisbon, Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:483. [PMID: 26135642 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Tagus is the longest Iberian river, notwithstanding, the levels of natural and xenoestrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) were never measured in its estuary. Suspecting for their presence, we made a major survey of 17 EDCs that include: (i) natural (17β-oestradiol and estrone) and pharmaceutical oestrogens (17α-ethynylestradiol); (ii) industrial and household pollutants (octylphenols, nonylphenols and their mono and diethoxylates, and bisphenol A); (iii) phytoestrogens (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein); and (iv) the phytosterol (sitosterol). Water samples from the Tagus estuary were taken from nine locations every 2 months over a 1-year period and analysed by gas chromatography. Oestrogens, industrial/household pollutants were consistently higher at two sites-at Tagus River mouth and close to the Trancão tributary, both at Lisbon region. The overall oestrogenic load, in ethynylestradiol equivalents, was 13 ng/L for oestrogens, 2.3 ng/L for industrial/household pollutants and 43 ng/L for phytoestrogens; well in the range of toxicological significance. Water physicochemical parameters also indicated anthropogenic pollution, mainly at the two above-referred sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical Studies, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), Porto, Portugal,
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Xu Y, Ma XP, Ding J, Liu ZL, Song ZQ, Liu HN, Lin N. Treatment with qibaomeiran, a kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal formula, antagonizes estrogen decline in ovariectomized rats. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 17:372-81. [PMID: 24773352 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) contain multi-interactive compounds that have been used for treatment of peri-menopausal syndrome and have become a new phytoestrogens resource. The QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR), including Polygoni multiflori radix, Angelicae sinensis radix, Achyranthis bidentatae radix, semen Cuscutae, fructus Lycii, Poria, and fructus Psoraleae, has been used clinically for treating osteoporosis in post-menopausal women by virtue of its kidney-invigorating function. However, no evidence base links QBMR to estrogen replacement therapy. In this study, we undertook a characterization of estrogenic activity of QBMR using ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats were treated with QBMR at doses of 0.875, 1.75, and 3.5 grams/kg per day for 8 weeks. QBMR treatments demonstrated significant estrogenic activity, as indicated by vaginal cornification, reversal of atrophy of uterus, vagina, and mammary gland, and up-regulation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression in the reproductive target tissues, where ERβ up-regulation was stronger than that of ERα. Meanwhile, treatment with QBMR significantly increased adrenal weight and serum estradiol levels and tended to decrease serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, QBMR significantly decreased weight gain and rectal temperature increase caused by ovariectomy, and the largest changes in rectal temperature were found at the lowest dose. The data suggest that QBMR's estrogenic responses show tissue variation that reflects different affinities of ERs for QBMR components. This study demonstrates that QBMR activity is mediated through estrogenic components and provides an evidence base for QBMR treatment of post-menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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37
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Chen FP, Chien MH, Chern IYY. Impact of lower concentrations of phytoestrogens on the effects of estradiol in breast cancer cells. Climacteric 2015; 18:574-81. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.1001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Peixoto C, Rocha E. Annual fluctuations of endocrine-disrupting compounds at the lower end of the Lima River, Portugal, and in adjacent coastal waters. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:389-401. [PMID: 25015732 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lima River is a Spanish–Portuguese water body. Notwithstanding the fact that the river incorporates protected natural areas, levels of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) within its waters have never been measured; such EDCs include the following: natural and pharmaceutical oestrogens (17β-estradiol, E1, and 17α-ethynylestradiol), industrial and household pollutants (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and their monoethoxylates and diethoxylates, and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein), and phytosterols (namely, sitosterol). To obtain an understanding of levels of EDCs, water samples were taken from eight sampling sites along the river every 2 months during a 1-year period (2011). The water samples were preconcentrated (Oasis HLB cartridges), cleaned (silica cartridges), and analysed using gas chromatography. Results showed that levels of oestrogens and industrial and household pollutants were higher in summer than in other seasons. Although oestrogens were more abundant (approximately 40 ng/L) on the southern margin of the river, levels of other pollutants were higher (approximately 124 ng/L) in the north. Phytoestrogens and sitosterol showed clear seasonal fluctuations with higher amounts of formononetin (approximately 389 ng/L), biochanin A (approximately 160 ng/L), and sitosterol (≥5 µg/L) measured in summer. The overall oestrogenic load, expressed in ethynylestradiol equivalents, was 18 ng/L for oestrogens, 0.5 ng/L for industrial and household pollutants, and 13 ng/L for phytoestrogens. Water physicochemical parameters indicate anthropogenic pollution because Σnitrites,nitrates (>1 mg/L) and phosphates (approximately 0.4 mg/L) were high. The study showed that the waters of the Lima River are subject to impacts and that levels of EDCs pose risks to the river’s biota.
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Helle J, Kräker K, Bader MI, Keiler AM, Zierau O, Vollmer G, Welsh J, Kretzschmar G. Assessment of the proliferative capacity of the flavanones 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-(1.1-dimethylallyl)naringenin and naringenin in MCF-7 cells and the rat mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:125-35. [PMID: 24859648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and naringenin (Nar) are phytoestrogens found in food items and nutritional supplements, while 6-(1.1-dimethylallyl)naringenin (6-DMAN) is a component of an African plant. Besides their assumed beneficial effects they may promote mammary and endometrial cancer. We therefore assessed their proliferative and estrogenic potential on the mammary gland in vitro and in vivo. In competitive estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding assays 8-PN displayed a high relative binding affinity for both ERs with a preference for ERα and had the strongest mitotic effect on MCF-7 cells among the test substances. In a three day exposure in young adult ovariectomized female rats 15 mg/kg 8-PN had the highest capacity to increase the number of terminal end buds (TEB) in the mammary gland and stimulated expression of proliferation markers in epithelial ductal cells, followed by 6-DMAN and Nar, but overall their capacity to stimulate proliferation was weak in comparison to 17β-Estradiol (E2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annekathrin M Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Gen(*)NY(*)Sis Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics (Cancer Research Center), University at Albany, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144-2345, United States
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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López-Gutiérrez N, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Identification and quantification of the main isoflavones and other phytochemicals in soy based nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:125-36. [PMID: 24835762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific phytochemicals composition of soy nutritional supplements is usually not labelled. Hence, 12 dietary supplements were analyzed in order to detect and identify the main phytochemicals present in these samples, using a database containing 60 compounds. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to single-stage Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) has been used. Two consecutive extractions, using as extraction solvent a mixture of methanol:water (80:20, v/v), were employed, followed by two dilutions (10 or 100 times depending on the concentration of the components in the sample) with a mixture of an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate 30mM:methanol (50:50, v/v). The method was validated, obtaining adequate recovery and precision values. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were calculated, ranging from 2 to 150μgL(-1). Isoflavones were the predominant components present in the analyzed supplements with values higher than 93% of the total amount of phytochemicals in all cases. The aglycones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein and biochanin A) as well as their three conjugated forms, β-glucosides (genistin, daizin and glycitin) were detected and quantified, being daidzein the isoflavone detected at higher concentration in 8 out of 12 samples reported, with values ranging from 684 to 35,970mgkg(-1), whereas biochanin A was detected at very low concentrations, ranging from 18 to 50mgkg(-1). Moreover, other phytochemicals as flavones, flavonols, flavanones and phenolic acids were also detected and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Reis M, Pardal MÂ, Rocha E. Spatial and seasonal distribution of 17 endocrine disruptor compounds in an urban estuary (Mondego River, Portugal): evaluation of the estrogenic load of the area. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:3337-3350. [PMID: 24458306 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Mondego River estuary demonstrates signs of pollution, but the levels of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as the natural (17β-estradiol and estrone) and pharmaceutical (17α-ethynylestradiol) estrogens, xenoestrogenic industrial pollutants (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and their mono- and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, and genistein), and sitosterol were either poorly or never measured in this area. Thus, to conclude about the influx of EDCs in this estuary, water samples were taken every 2 months, during 1 year (2010) in low tide, at eight sites distributed along the estuary. Water samples (1 L) were preconcentrated in the Oasis HLB cartridges and cleaned in silica cartridges before their analysis by GC-MS. In summer, potentially hazardous amounts of estrogens (≈ 26 ng L(-1)), alkylphenols (≈ 11.5 μg L(-1)), alkylphenolethoxylates (≈ 13 μg L(-1)), and phytoestrogens (≈ 5.6 μg L(-1)) were measured. These data suggest that changes in the hydrodynamics of the estuary coupled with the increase of water temperatures interfere with the amount of EDCs in the water. Complementary physicochemical parameters also point to high levels of anthropogenic pollution in this area. Globally, the estrogenic load, expressed in ethynylestradiol equivalents, attained 71.8 ng L(-1) demonstrating that, all together, the measured EDCs pose important health risks for both biota and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical Studies, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), Oporto, Portugal,
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42
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Li Y. Comparison of natural estrogens and synthetic derivative on genioglossus function and estrogen receptors expression in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:71-9. [PMID: 24333797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea--hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is summarized as the narrow anatomic structure of upper airway (UA) and the defective function of UA dilator muscles. Up to now, there have been no specific treatments for the UA dilator muscle deficiency. We previously found that some estrogen-like compounds exert protective effects on genioglossus, but this protection tends to be less satisfactory. A novel phytoestrogen derivative was synthesized in recent years and was verified to have some cytoprotective activity. This study was designed to compare the effects of natural estrogens and the synthetic resveratrol dimer on genioglossus contraction and expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) condition. Genioglossus myoblasts of rat were isolated and cultured in a culture medium with different agents (estradiol, genistein, resveratrol, and resveratrol dimer, respectively) under hypoxia condition, and ERs expressions were detected. In vivo study, 48 ovariectomized female rats were randomized into six groups. After CIH exposure and agents injection, rats were tested for genioglossus contractile properties and further analysis of ERs expression. Estradiol up-regulated ERα level and exerted the best protective effect of fatigue resistance. Genistein, resveratrol and resveratrol dimer primarily up-regulated the expression of ERβ. Resveratrol dimer exhibited better protection of fatigue resistance than genistein and resveratrol, and expressed higher binding affinity for ERβ than for ERα. Besides estrogenic effects, there may be some other mechanisms for the fatigue resistance improvement contributed by phytoestrogens and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, Vanhaecke L, Heyerick A, Bossaert P, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Feeding soybean meal increases the blood level of isoflavones and reduces the steroidogenic capacity in bovine corpora lutea, without affecting peripheral progesterone concentrations. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 144:79-89. [PMID: 24439022 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three Holstein-Friesian cows were followed from 14 days pre partum until the fourth ovulation post partum. Housing conditions and basic ration were identical for all animals. Concentrates were individually supplemented according to the daily milk production level, using two different types of protein rich concentrates: soybean meal and rapeseed meal. Soybean and rapeseed meal are known to be respectively high and low in isoflavones. Cows were randomly divided into three groups and blocked for parity. Group I (n=11) was supplemented with soybean meal and acted as control group. Groups II (n=11) and III (n=11) were respectively supplemented with soybean and rapeseed meal and were subjected to a biopsy sampling of the corpus luteum at day 9 of the first three postpartal estrous cycles. Soybean meal supplementation to lactating dairy cows (1.72 kg on average) induced an increase in the blood concentration of equol, dihydrodaidzein, o-desmethylangolensin in both soy groups and resulted in a reduced area occupied by steroidogenic (P=0.012) and endothelial cells (P=0.0007) in the luteal biopsies. Blood concentrations of equol and glycitein were negatively correlated with the areas occupied by steroidogenic (r=-0.410 with P=0.0002, respectively r=-0.351 with P=0.008) and endothelial cells (r=-0.337 with P=0.01, respectively r=-0.233 with P=0.085) in the 3 first estrous cycles. The latter however did not affect the diestrous peripheral blood progesterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - A Heyerick
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - P Bossaert
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Izetbegovic S, Stojkanovic G, Ribic N, Mehmedbasic E. Features of postmenopausal uterine haemorrhage. Med Arch 2013; 67:431-4. [PMID: 25568515 PMCID: PMC4272479 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2013.67.431-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Postmenopausal uterine bleeding is a „cancer until proven otherwise”. Endometrial cancer is a typical disease among postmenopause woman, because every bleeding in this age etiology associated with endometrial cancer (10-30%). The lifespan of women today has been extended and post menopause today last one third of a woman’s life. Early diagnosis of endometrial cancer has a very high cure rate. Screening for this cancer has limits in practice and is necessary given the definition of high-risk groups would be subject to primary and secondary prevention. Goal: Primary to evaluate the leading causes of postmenopausal uterine bleeding among patients at risk for endometrial cancer (diabetes, obesity, nulliparity, late menopause (after 55 years) and compared them with the causes of postmenopausal uterine bleeding patients without this risk. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study with a targeted sample of 50 consecutive patients who had registered postmenopausal uterine bleeding in high-risk groups (cohorts) and the same number of patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding that does not belong to the risk group (control group). Each patient underwent clinical examination, then fractionated curettements and its histopathological verification and assessment of treated clinical stage of disease with PH analysis of the resected specimens. Results: The patients of the studied risk group were significantly affected by endometrial cancer compared with the control group (RR=2.45, 95% CI 1.2 4.6, p=0.005). Endocervical pathology did not differ between groups. Clinical forms of bleeding: for those that are profuse bleeding cancer was present in 54.6% of cases. With intermittent bleeding cancer is verified in the 33.3% of patients. Risk patient groups with cancer frequently suffer from clinically more advanced stages of histologically aggressive endometrial cancer (serous adenocarcinoma–type II, low differentiated cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebija Izetbegovic
- General hospital "Prim. dr. Abdulah Nakas", Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Goran Stojkanovic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nihad Ribic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eldar Mehmedbasic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Chen FP, Chien MH. Phytoestrogens induce apoptosis through a mitochondria/caspase pathway in human breast cancer cells. Climacteric 2013; 17:385-92. [PMID: 24299158 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.869671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and pathway of phytoestrogens on the growth of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. METHODS MCF-7 cells (human estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer cells) were cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h and then treated with genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin (10(-10)-10(-4) mol/l). After further incubation for 24, 48, 72, and 92 h, the cells were harvested and extracted for 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to the above results, the proteins involving proliferative and apoptotic pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Significantly elevated caspase-3 activity was noted after treatment with genistein (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/l), as well as with resveratrol and quercetin (10(-9)-10(-5) mol/l). Significant reduction of PI3K and AKT protein and significant increase of Fas ligand, Fas-associated protein with death domain, cytochrome C, truncated Bid, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were all noted after genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin treatment. 17β-Estradiol induced completely opposite results. Estrogen receptor (ER) α expression was significantly increased with 17β-estradiol, whereas ERβ expression was significantly elevated in the cultures with genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin have antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells. Their induction of apoptosis involves the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, which may be related to the differential affinity to ERα and ERβ. Whether phytoestrogens have similar effects on normal breast cells remains to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-P Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University , Taiwan
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Satake H, Ono E, Murata J. Recent advances in the metabolic engineering of lignan biosynthesis pathways for the production of transgenic plant-based foods and supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11721-9. [PMID: 23718735 DOI: 10.1021/jf4007104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant physiological, epidemiological, and food science studies have shed light on lignans as healthy diets for the reduction of the risk of lifestyle-related noncommunicable diseases and, thus, the demand for lignans has been rapidly increasing. However, the low efficiency and instability of lignan production via extraction from plant resources remain to be resolved, indicating the requirement for the development of new procedures for lignan production. The metabolic engineering of lignan-biosynthesizing plants is expected to be most promising for efficient, sustainable, and stable lignan production. This is supported by the recent verification of biosynthetic pathways of major dietary lignans and the exploration of lignan production via metabolic engineering using transiently gene-transfected or transgenic plants. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the biosynthetic pathways, biological activities, and metabolic engineering of lignans and also perspectives in metabolic engineering-based lignan production using transgenic plants for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences , 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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Holbech H, Schröder KD, Nielsen ML, Brande-Lavridsen N, Holbech BF, Bjerregaard P. Estrogenic effect of the phytoestrogen biochanin A in zebrafish, Danio rerio, and brown trout, Salmo trutta. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:19-25. [PMID: 24129051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Isoflavones with estrogenic activity produced in Fabaceae plants are known to leach from agricultural areas to freshwater systems, but the effect of waterborne isoflavones in fish has not been thoroughly characterized. Therefore, the estrogenic effect of waterborne biochanin A was investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Exposure of juvenile brown trout to 10 μg biochanin AL(-1) or higher caused marked vitellogenin induction after 9-10 days of exposure and so did exposure to 186 μg biochanin AL(-1) for 6h. Following 8d of exposure, a NOEC for induction of vitellogenin production in male zebrafish was 70 and LOEC 114 μg biochanin AL(-1). Exposure to 209 μg biochanin AL(-1) from hatch to 60 days post hatch (dph) caused a skewing of the sex ratio toward more phenotypic female zebrafish, but did not cause induction of vitellogenin in male and undifferentiated fish. IN CONCLUSION (1) biochanin A elicits estrogenic effects in trout at environmentally realistic concentrations, (2) brown trout plasma vitellogenin concentrations respond to lower biochanin A exposure concentrations than vitellogenin concentrations in zebrafish homogenates and (3) concerning vitellogenin induction, the hypothesis should be tested if short term tests with zebrafish may show a higher sensitivity than partial life cycle tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Holbech
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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Pohjoispää M, Wähälä K. Synthesis of 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans (9,9'-epoxylignanes). Molecules 2013; 18:13124-38. [PMID: 24284480 PMCID: PMC6270424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies for the racemic or enantiospecific total syntheses of plant and mammalian 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans are reviewed and compared. The multi-step approaches have various key step strategies: Diels-Alder reactions, Stobbe condensations, Michael additions, alkylations, nitrile oxide cycloadditions, radical cyclisations, dianion and oxidative couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pohjoispää
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
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49
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Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Reis M, Rocha E, Pardal M. Determination of seventeen endocrine disruptor compounds and their spatial and seasonal distribution in Ria Formosa Lagoon (Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:8215-8226. [PMID: 23595688 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its outstanding ecological and touristic importance the Ria Formosa Lagoon shows signs of anthropogenic pollution. Nonetheless, until the present survey no studies had ever documented the measurement of natural and pharmaceutical estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone, and 17α-ethynylestradiol), xenoestrogenic industrial pollutants (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and their mono and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein), and sitosterol in this area. The 17 compounds measured herein are known as endocrine disrupters (EDCs) and act over the endocrine system even in few amounts (ng L(-1)-μg L(-1)). Thus to conclude about the influx of EDCs in the lagoon, water samples were taken every 2 months, during 1 year (2010), in low tide at nine sites distributed along the coastline. Water samples (1 L) were preconcentrated in the Oasis HLB cartridges and cleaned in silica cartridges before their analysis by GC-MS. Data showed the ubiquitous presence of potentially hazardous amounts of estrogens (particularly of ethynylestradiol, up to 24.3 ng L(-1)), nonylphenol (up to 547 ng L(-1)), and sitosterol (up to 12,300 ng L(-1)), mainly in summer, suggesting that the increase of the local number of inhabitants (tourists), the rise of the water temperature (up to 26 °C), and the blooming of local flora may interfere with the water quality parameters. This makes the lagoon a potential model to study. Taking into account the data, it was concluded that there are conditions for the occurrence of endocrine disruption in aquatic animals, even in areas included in the natural park of the Formosa. Besides, both the high amounts of un-ionized ammonia (up to 0.3 mg L(-1)) and phosphates (up to 1.6 mg L(-1)) my pose risks for local fauna and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical Studies, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (UPorto), Oporto, Portugal.
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Rossi M, Edefonti V, Parpinel M, Lagiou P, Franchi M, Ferraroni M, Decarli A, Zucchetto A, Serraino D, Dal Maso L, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Proanthocyanidins and other flavonoids in relation to endometrial cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1914-20. [PMID: 23922105 PMCID: PMC3790154 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because of their antioxidant and antimutagenic properties, flavonoids may reduce cancer risk. Some flavonoids have antiestrogenic effects that can inhibit the growth and proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. Methods: In order to examine the relation between dietary flavonoids and endometrial cancer, we analysed data from an Italian case–control study including 454 incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancers and 908 hospital-based controls. Information was collected through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We applied data on food and beverage composition to estimate the intake of flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones, isoflavones, and proanthocyanidins. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from multiple logistic regression models conditioned on age and study centre and adjusted for major confounding factors. Results: Women in the highest quartile category of proanthocyanidins with ⩾3 mers vs the first three quartile categories had an OR for endometrial cancer of 0.66 (95% CI=0.48–0.89). For no other class of flavonoids, a significant overall association was found. There was a suggestion of an inverse association for flavanones and isoflavones among women with body mass index <25 kg m−2, and, for flavanones, among parous or non-users of hormone-replacement therapy women. Conclusion: High consumption of selected proanthocyanidins may reduce endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossi
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via G. La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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