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Mashaal A, El-Yamany HY, Mansour HAEH. Systemic/Immune-Modulation of Olea europaea Leaf Extract in Fetuses of Alloxan-Induced T1 Diabetic Rats. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38979597 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alya Mashaal
- Immunology Zoology and Entomology Department , Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Y El-Yamany
- Histology and Cell Biology, Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Abd El-Halim Mansour
- Embryology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jafarpour D, Hashemi SMB, Asadi-Yousefabad SH, Javdan G. Conventional thermal and microwave processing of guava juice: process intensification, microbial inactivation and chemical composition. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ibrahim RM, Abdelhafez HM, El-Shamy SAEM, Eid FA, Mashaal A. Arabic gum ameliorates systemic modulation in Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5005. [PMID: 36973339 PMCID: PMC10042862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus as they regulate glucose levels. Moreover, a variety of plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that have potent pharmacological effects without any negative side effects. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of Arabic gum/Gum Acacia (GA) on the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes observed in diabetic rats. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of GA in response to diabetes, through inflammatory mediators analysis. Male rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, diabetic, Arabic gum-treated, and Arabic gum-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 21 days of treatment with Arabic gum. Body weight, blood and pancreas tissue samples were collected for analysis. Alloxan injection significantly decreased body weight, increased glucose levels, decreased insulin levels, and caused depletion of islets of Langerhans and β-cell damage in the pancreas. Arabic gum treatment of diabetic rats significantly increased body weight, decreased serum glucose levels, increased insulin levels, exerts anti-inflammatory effect, and improved the pancreas tissue structure. Arabic gum has beneficial pharmacological effects in diabetic rats; therefore, it might be employed as diabetic therapy to reduce the hyperglycemic damage and may be applicable for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases treatment. Further, the new bioactive substances, such as medications made from plants, have larger safety margins, and can be used for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohammed Ibrahim
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ahmed Eid
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt.
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Wang Q, Li N, Wang Y, Li R, Jia Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang M, Zhuang P, He C, Chen H. Studies on the key constituents and the related mechanisms of Clerodendranthus spicatus in the treatment of diabetes based on network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115949. [PMID: 36435408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendranthus spicatus is a traditional Chinese medicine and has been used to treat diabetes and some kidney diseases for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The research aimed to study the active constituents, the potential targets and the related mechanisms of C. spicatus in the treatment of diabetes through network pharmacology method and verify the antidiabetic activity by molecular biology experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive network pharmacology strategy was used to predict the key active constituents, the key targets and the related mechanisms and pathways of C. spicatus in the treatment of diabetes. The strategy mainly included screening and predicting potential active constituents and targets by network construction, GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis. Based on the predicted results, C. spicatus was extracted by ultrasonic method with 50% ethanol and enriched by using macroporous resin. The compounds with potential antidiabetic effects were separated through silica-gel column chromatography and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and then identified by MS (mass spectrum) and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The C. spicatus extract and isolated compounds were tested by in-vitro and cell experiments to verify their antidiabetic activities, including antioxidant activities, inhibition activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, the influence on glucose uptake in cell experiments and the Western blot of PI3K and Akt expression levels. RESULTS A total of 18 active constituents and 16 key targets of C. spicatus in the treatment of diabetes were screened out through network pharmacology method. Phenolic acids might be the main target compounds for the next research. After extraction, enrichment and separation, the phenolic acids-enriched fraction of C. spicatus and four phenolic acid compounds (helisterculin C, salvianolic acid B, orthosiphoic acid E and ethyl caffeate) were obtained. Among them, salvianolic acid B was isolated from C. spicatus for the first time and orthosiphoic acid E was isolated from natural products for the first time. In experiment verification, the crude extract of C. spicatus, the phenolic acids-enriched fraction and the four compounds all showed antidiabetic potentials. The phenolic acids in C. spicatus had antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities on α-amylase and α-glucosidase and promoted glucose uptake in L6 cells through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that C. spicatus had antidiabetic activities with the mechanism of the mode of multi-compounds acting on multi-targets and multi-pathways. The main active phenolic acid compounds were also identified. It provided theoretical basis for further development and utilization of C. spicatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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Shori AB, Al-sulbi OS. Antioxidant activity of labneh made from cashew milk and its combination with cow or camel milk using different starter cultures. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:701-709. [PMID: 36712222 PMCID: PMC9873892 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of three strains of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. i.e. L. plantarum (S1) L. casei (S2), and/or L. rhamnosus (S3) in co-cultures with Streptococcus thermophiles (St) and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis (Ll) on the changes of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of concentrated yogurt (labneh; L) made from individual cashew milk (EwM; 100:0 v/v) mixed with/without cow (Co) or camel (Ca) milk (75:25 v/v) during 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage. EwML100% S3 showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents during 21 days of storage. Radical scavenging activity was improved in Ew-/Ca-ML (S2, S3, and S4) compared to control (containing St and Ll) on the 0th day. The maximum ferric reducing potential was observed in fresh Ew-/Ca-ML75% S1 (1.6 ± 0.05 mM Fe + 2 E/mL). All the starter cultures enhanced (p < 0.05) the chelating ability of EwML compared to control during the 7th and 14th day of storage. In conclusion, cashew milk labneh mixed with/without cow or camel milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus spp. can strengthen the health-promoting properties with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bakr Shori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Shami Al-sulbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Omale S, Amagon KI, Johnson TO, Bremner SK, Gould GW. A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14639. [PMID: 36627919 PMCID: PMC9826616 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Omale
- African Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy I. Amagon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Shaun Kennedy Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Shen Q, Zhong YT, Liu XX, Hu JN, Qi SM, Li K, Wang Z, Zhu HY, Li XD, Wang YP, Li W. Platycodin D ameliorates hyperglycaemia and liver metabolic disturbance in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:74-86. [PMID: 36504256 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the ameliorative effects of platycodin D (PD), a major active chemical ingredient isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. PD treatment (2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) improved HFD-induced body weight gain. PD administration also decreased the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and improved glucose and insulin tolerance levels. These data collectively showed that PD could maintain glucose homeostasis. In addition, the diabetic mice with PD treatment also showed fewer pathological changes in liver tissues and improved hepatic functional indexes with respect to the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and recovery of abnormal liver function caused by T2D. Except for these, PD decreased the decomposition of hepatic glycogen. The results from western blot analysis showed that PD treatment might regulate the hepatic gluconeogenesis pathway with the increased phosphorylation/expression of AMPK and decreased expressions of PCK1 and G6Pase. In the aspect of lipid metabolism, PD decreased the whole-body lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and reduced the hepatic fat accumulation induced by T2D through the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 fatty acid anabolism pathway. In addition, the results of molecular docking showed that PD may have a potential direct effect on AMPK and other key glycolipid metabolism proteins. To summarize, PD modulation of hepatic glycolipid metabolism abnormalities is promising for T2D therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu-Te Zhong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Si-Min Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
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İlgün S, Karatoprak GŞ, Polat DÇ, Şafak EK, Yıldız G, Küpeli Akkol E, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.: A Potential Candidate as Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101852. [PMID: 36290576 PMCID: PMC9598467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (Asteraceae), which has a wide distribution area in Turkey, is a medicinally important plant. Eighty percent methanol extracts of the leaf, flower head, and root parts of A. minus were prepared and their sub-fractions were obtained. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography) techniques were used to assess the phytochemical composition. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH●), 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) radical scavenging, and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assays. Furthermore, the extracts were subjected to α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition tests. The cytotoxic effects of extracts were investigated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds was identified as the ethyl acetate sub-fraction of the root extract (364.37 ± 7.18 mgGAE/gextact). Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (8.855 ± 0.175%) and rutin (8.359 ± 0.125%) were identified as the primary components in the leaves’ ethyl acetate sub-fraction. According to all methods, it was observed that the extracts with the highest antioxidant activity were the flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions. Additionally, ABTS radical scavenging activity of roots’ ethyl acetate sub-fraction (2.51 ± 0.09 mmol/L Trolox) was observed to be as effective as that of flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions at 0.5 mg/mL. In the β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assay, leaves’ methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity (1422.47 ± 76.85) at 30 min. The enzyme activity data showed that α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of leaf dichloromethane extract was moderately high, with an 87.12 ± 8.06% inhibition value. Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition was weakly detected in all sub-fractions. Leaf methanol extract, leaf butanol, and root ethyl acetate sub-fractions showed 99% tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. Finally, it was discovered that dichloromethane extracts of leaves, roots, and flowers had high cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, with IC50 values of 21.39 ± 2.43, 13.41 ± 2.37, and 10.80 ± 1.26 µg/mL, respectively. The evaluation of the plant extracts in terms of several bioactivity tests revealed extremely positive outcomes. The data of this study, in which all parts of the plant were investigated in detail for the first time, offer promising results for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Derya Çiçek Polat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Yıldız
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-0312-202-3185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-5397-2783 (E.S.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 1783, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-0312-202-3185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-5397-2783 (E.S.-S.)
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Wang Q, Li R, Li N, Jia Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Panichayupakaranant P, Chen H. The antioxidant activities, inhibitory effects, kinetics, and mechanisms of artocarpin and α-mangostin on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:880-891. [PMID: 35688278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibitory activities and the interaction mechanisms of artocarpin and α-mangostin on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Results showed that artocarpin and α-mangostin had obvious antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The inhibitions of the two compounds on α-glucosidase were reversible and non-competitive according to the kinetics studies. Fluorescence intensity measurements indicated that the interaction mechanisms between the inhibitors and the two enzymes were static processes. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis showed that the bindings between the inhibitors and the enzymes complex were all spontaneous. The main driving forces between α-mangostin and artocarpin with α-glucosidase might be hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, respectively. While the forces between the two inhibitors and α-amylase might be hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that artocarpin and α-mangostin could bind to the allosteric site of the two enzymes, except for artocarpin in the active site pocket of α-amylase. All the results indicated that artocarpin and α-mangostin might be promising candidates for hypoglycemic functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Oliveira ESC, Acho LDR, da Silva BJP, Morales-Gamba RD, Pontes FLD, do Rosário AS, Bezerra JDA, Campos FR, Barcellos JFM, Lima ES, Machado MB. Hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of the dry extract of Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115276. [PMID: 35421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia biflora (Myrtaceae) are traditionally used by Amazonian populations for the control of diabetes. However, their chemical composition has not yet been described and pharmacological evidence has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and evaluate the hypoglycemic and toxic effect of the dry extract of the E. biflora leaves (DEEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS DEEB, obtained by infusion, was analyzed using LC-HRMS and NMR, whose the catechin flavonoid was quantified using NMR. The antidiabetic effect of DEEB was evaluated according to its inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as the content of total phenols, free radical scavengingand antiglycation activities, and its in vitro cell viability. Oral maltose tolerance and chronic multiple dose tests (28 days) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ) were performed. The hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of this extract were evaluated in the multiple dose assay. Biochemical parameters, hemolysis, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the liver were investigated and histopathological analyses of the kidneys and liver were performed. RESULTS Eight phenolic compounds were identified, with catechin (15.5 ± 1.7 mg g-1) being the majority compound and a possible chemical marker of DEEB. The extract showed inhibition activity of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Chronic administration of DEEB (50 mg/kg of body weight) reduced glucose levels in diabetic animals, similar to acarbose; however, DEEB (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) caused premature death of mice by D22 of the treatment. Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of toxicity in DEEB may be related to the aggravation of oxidative stress in the liver. This histopathological study indicated that DEEB failed to minimize the progression of the toxicity of diabetes caused by STZ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the hypoglycemic potential of E. biflora leaves. However, the prolonged use of this tea can be harmful to its users due to its considerable toxicity, which needs to be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína P da Silva
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S do Rosário
- Engenharia Florestal, Campus Paragominas, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de A Bezerra
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Francinete R Campos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Fernando M Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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In Vitro Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Isolation of Luteolin from the Flower of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip ex Walp. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072132. [PMID: 35408529 PMCID: PMC9000735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major health issue that has posed a significant challenge over the years. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum is a well-known plant that can be potentially used to treat this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of its root, stem bark, leaves, and flower extracts on alpha-glucosidase using an in vitro inhibition assay to isolate the bioactive compounds and determine their levels in the samples. The air-dried plant parts were extracted by maceration using methanol. The results showed that the flower extract had the greatest inhibitory effect (IC50 47.29 ± 1.12 µg/mL), followed by the leaves, roots, and stem bark. The methanolic flower extract was further fractionated with different solvents, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest activity (IC50 19.24 ± 0.12 µg/mL). Meanwhile, acarbose was used as a positive control (IC50 73.36 ± 3.05 µg/mL). Characterization based on UV, 1H-, and 13C-NMR established that the ethyl acetate fraction yielded two flavonoid compounds, namely, luteolin and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-on, which had IC50 values of 6.53 ± 0.16 µg/mL and 39.95 ± 1.59 µg/mL, respectively. The luteolin levels in the crude drug, methanolic extract, and ethyl acetate fraction were 3.4 ± 0.2 mg (0.3%), 32.4 ± 0.8 mg (3.2%), and 68.9 ± 3.4 mg (6.9%) per 1 g samples, respectively. These results indicated that the G. amygdalinum flower extract exerted potent inhibitory alpha-glucosidase activity.
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In Vitro Investigation of the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC. Leaf, Stem, and Latex Extracts. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tabernaemontana ventricosa (Apocynaceae) a latex-bearing plant is used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic benefits in reducing fever and hypertension and wound healing. Due to limited information on the plant’s pharmacological activities, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of the leaf, stem, and latex extracts of T. ventricosa, using the Folin-Ciocalteu (total phenolics), aluminum chloride colorimetric (total flavonoids), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in the human HEK293 (embryonic kidney), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT assay. The latex extracts possessed the highest total phenolic content (115.36 ± 2.89 mg GAE/g), followed by the stem hexane extracts (21.33 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g), the chloroform leaf (7.89 ± 0.87 mg GAE/g), and the chloroform stem (4.69 ± 0.21 mg GAE/g) extracts. The flavonoid content was substantially high ranging from 946.92 ± 6.29 mg QE/g in the stem hexane, 768.96 ± 5.43 mg QE/g in the latex, 693.24 ± 4.12 mg QE/g in the stem chloroform, and 662.20 ± 1.00 mg QE/g in the leaf hexane extracts. The DPPH assays showed the highest percentage of inhibition at 240 µg/mL, for the stem hexane (70.10%), stem methanol (65.24%), and stem chloroform (60.26%) extracts, with their respective IC50 values of 19.26 µg/mL (stem hexane), 6.19 µg/mL (stem methanol), and 22.56 µg/mL (stem chloroform). The FRAP assays displayed minimal inhibition ranging from 4.73% to 14.40%, except for the latex extracts which displayed moderate inhibition at 15 µg/mL (21.82%) and substantial inhibition at 240 µg/mL (98.48%). The HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines were the most sensitive to the extracts, with the hexane, chloroform, and methanol leaf and stem, and latex extracts significantly affecting the percentage cell survival. Overall, the various parts of T. ventricosa exhibited strong antioxidant activity correlating to its cytotoxicity. Further studies should focus on the isolation of specific antioxidant compounds that could be investigated for their anticancer potential.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Li N, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhuang P, Chen H. A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020444. [PMID: 35056765 PMCID: PMC8781015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to O. stamineus and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in O. stamineus. (4) Conclusion: O. stamineus could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-2740-1483
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Antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Abelmoschus esculentus: In vitro combined with molecular docking approach. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Yıkmış S, Bozgeyik E, Levent O, Aksu H. Organic cherry laurel (
Prunus laurocerasus
) vinegar enriched with bioactive compounds with ultrasound technology using artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM): Antidiabetic, antihypertensive, cytotoxic activities, volatile profile and optical microstructure. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seydi Yıkmış
- Department of Food Technology Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- Vocational School of Health Services Adiyaman University Adiyaman Turkey
| | - Okan Levent
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Harun Aksu
- Department of Food Hygiene & Technology Istanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa Istanbul Turkey
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16
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Ultrasound Processing of Vinegar: Modelling the Impact on Bioactives and Other Quality Factors. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081703. [PMID: 34441481 PMCID: PMC8393824 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, non-thermal technology has been used for the enrichment of ultrasound bioactive components. For this purpose, it was applied to tomato vinegar and modeled with response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). At the end of the RSM, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (68.64%), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (62.47%), total flavonoid content (2.44 mg CE/mL), total phenolic content (12.22 mg GAE/mL), total ascorbic acid content (2.53 mg/100 mL) and total lycopene (5.44 μg/mL) were determined. The ANN model has higher prediction accuracy than RSM. The microstructure, microbiological properties, sensory analysis, ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) inhibitor and antidiabetic effects of the ultrasound-treated tomato vinegar (UTV) (8.9 min and 74.5 amplitude), traditional tomato vinegar (TTV) and pasteurized tomato vinegar (PTV) samples were then evaluated. UTV was generally appreciated by the panelists. It was determined that the microbiological properties were affected by the ultrasound treatment. UTV was found to have more effective ACE inhibitor and antidiabetic properties than other vinegar samples. As a result, the bioactive components of tomato vinegar were enriched with ultrasound treatment and positive effects on health were determined.
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17
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Shori AB, Kee LA, Baba AS. Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Bread Fortified with Spearmint. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Haile T, Cardoso SM, de Oliveira Raphaelli C, Pereira OR, Pereira EDS, Vizzotto M, Nora L, Asfaw AA, Periasamy G, Karim A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil of Thymus Serrulatus Hochst. Ex Benth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621536. [PMID: 33995021 PMCID: PMC8116798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus serrulatus, an endemic plant of Ethiopia, is traditionally used to cure various diseases and as a food ingredient. In the Ethiopian folk medicine, the decoction is orally taken as a remedy to treat diabetes and high blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects of the aqueous extract and of the essential oil of Thymus serrulatus. The chemical composition of the aqueous extract was determined by LC-MS and the essential oil was characterized by GC-MS analysis. Radical scavenging assays, namely scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), hydroxyl (•OH), and nitric oxide (•NO), were used as a first approach to screen the potential antioxidant abilities of the samples. Alpha-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory studies were also employed to evaluate the in vitro antihyperglycemic potential of the plant. The in vivo blood glucose lowering effect of the extracts was assessed using hypoglycemic activity and the oral glucose tolerance test in normal and in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. When compared to the aqueous extract, the essential oil showed superior radical scavenging activity, particularly for •NO, as well as greater inhibitory potency against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.01 mg/ml and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively). Both tested samples showed a statistically significant antihyperglycemic effect. The aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg exerted maximum antihyperglycemic activity (44.14%), followed by the essential oil (30.82%). Body weight and glucose tolerance parameters were also improved by the samples both in normal and diabetic mice. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that aqueous extract and essential oil of T. serrulatus are promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfay Haile
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Olívia R. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Elisa dos Santos Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Nora
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adissu Alemayehu Asfaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gomathi Periasamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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19
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Major Bioactive Alkaloids and Biological Activities of Tabernaemontana Species (Apocynaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020313. [PMID: 33562893 PMCID: PMC7915066 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several species belonging to the genus Tabernaemontana have been well researched and utilized for their wide-ranging biological activities. A few of the most prominent species include Tabernaemontana divaricata, Tabernaemontana catharinensis, Tabernaemontana crassa, and Tabernaemontana elegans. These species and many others within the genus often display pharmacological importance, which is habitually related to their chemical constituents. The secondary metabolites within the genus have demonstrated huge medicinal potential for the treatment of infections, pain, injuries, and various diseases. Regardless of the indispensable reports and properties displayed by Tabernaemontana spp., there remains a wide variety of plants that are yet to be considered or examined. Thus, an additional inclusive study on species within this genus is essential. The current review aimed to extensively analyze, collate, and describe an updated report of the current literature related to the major alkaloidal components and biological activities of species within the genus Tabernaemontana.
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20
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Effect of eugenol treatment in hyperglycemic murine models: A meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105315. [PMID: 33497803 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly prevalent health condition affecting many people worldwide. In vitro studies have described the positive effects of cloves and its major compound, eugenol, in the treatment of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of this compound are negative, neutral, or positive, on hyperglycemic animals. Therefore, a meta-analytical review was conducted to determine the magnitude of effects of eugenol on variables directly and indirectly related to diabetes. This study revealed that eugenol treatment decreased the glucose levels and the activity of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, ameliorated the lipid profile, and reduced the oxidative, renal, and hepatic damages in hyperglycemic rodents. Moreover, eugenol alleviated the weight loss and restored the activity of the antioxidant defense system. Insulin levels was not affected by eugenol treatment. Also, mixed model analyses revealed that the use of purified or non-purified eugenol and the concentrations administered significantly affected the treatment outcome. In conclusion, our findings indicate that eugenol may have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, this study can direct future preclinical and clinical trials, with important implications for human health.
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21
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Suresh Y, Rajasekar G, Lavanya T, Lakshminarsimhulu B, Reddy KS, Reddy SR. Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of isolated fractions from methanolic extract derived from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa L. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cleome viscosa is considered as an important medicinal plant extensively used in India, China, Bangladesh, and a few countries in Africa. In the present study, in vitro anti-radical and antidiabetic potential of isolated fractions of methanolic extract of C. viscosa whole plant (MeCV) has been investigated. The identification of polyphenols and their related functional groups in the bioactive fraction was categorized by using HPLC and FT-IR.
Results
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of F-D were higher than those of F-A, F-B, and F-C. The F-D exhibited superior antioxidant capacity when compared with the remaining three fractions. However, the F-D showed the highest glucose diffusion activity over the 30 min–27 h incubation period and also inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the two known compounds (protocatechuic acid hexoside, rutin) and six unknown compounds in the F-D. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phenol group.
Conclusion
The isolated F-D obtained from MeCV displayed superior antioxidant and antidiabetic activity which indicate the presence of polyphenols in the fraction. The data findings of the present study support the traditional uses of the whole plant of C. viscosa as a promising natural source of biological medicines for oxidative stress and diabetes.
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22
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Dotto JM, Chacha JS. The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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23
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Proteolytic activity, antioxidant, and α-Amylase inhibitory activity of yogurt enriched with coriander and cumin seeds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Shen Y, Wang M, Zhou J, Chen Y, Wu M, Yang Z, Yang C, Xia G, Tam JP, Zhou C, Yang H, Jia X. Construction of Fe 3O 4@α-glucosidase magnetic nanoparticles for ligand fishing of α-glucosidase inhibitors from a natural tonic Epimedii Folium. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1361-1372. [PMID: 33049236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is an effective way for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epimedii Folium is an important source of α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), however bioactive compounds and pharmacological mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, a novel strategy was established, which harnessed α-glucosidase functionalized magnetic beads to fish out potential AGIs, followed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis for their identification. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed to predict binding patterns between the AGIs and the enzyme, and IC50 values was estimated as well. After response surface methodology optimization, the highest activity of Fe3O4@α-glucosidase has been achieved when 1.17 mg/mL of α-glucosidase was immobilized in phosphate buffer (pH 6.81) for 4.22 h. Moreover, eight flavonoids were fished out from the extract of Epimedii Folium, and then identified to be epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, sagittatoside A, sagittatoside B, 2"-O-rhamnosyl icariside II and baohuoside I. All of them were further confirmed to be AGIs through in vitro inhibitory assay and molecular docking. Among those, baohuoside I and sagittatoside B possessed stronger inhibitory activity than acarbose. The approach has a significant prospect in conveniently screening bioactive compounds that target various receptors, which provided an efficient platform for new drug development from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Man Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengru Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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25
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Ayza MA, Rajkapoor B, Wondafrash DZ, Berhe AH. Protective Effect of Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:275-283. [PMID: 32943947 PMCID: PMC7468371 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s260731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating antineoplastic agent and its major limitation is injury to normal tissue, leading to multiple organ toxicity, including kidney, heart, liver and reproductive toxicity. Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine to manage renal diseases. Objective The present study aims to assess the protective effect of the stem bark extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus on cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods Nephrotoxicity was induced using cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg i.p injection on the first day of the experiment. The negative control groups were administered with cyclophosphamide alone (200 mg/kg, i.p.). The crude extracts were administered at three dose levels (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), while aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions were given at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg). Excepting the normal control, all groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide toxicity on the first day. Results Treatment with crude extract 100 mg/kg and ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased kidney-to-body weight ratio (P < 0.001). In addition, treatment with Croton macrostachyus crude extract and solvent fractions significantly decreased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (P < 0.001). Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased serum creatinine level. Histopathological results confirmed the protective effect of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus. Conclusion Croton macrostachyus possesses nephroprotective activities and it could be a possible source of treatment for cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Altaye Ayza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Balasubramanian Rajkapoor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacology, JKK Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam 638 183, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Hadgu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Yang J, Zhang X, Mijiti Y, Sun Y, Jia M, Liu Z, Huang Y, Aisa HA. Improving performance of molecularly imprinted polymers prepared with template of low purity utilizing the strategy of macromolecular crowding. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Shori AB. Inclusion of phenolic compounds from different medicinal plants to increase α-amylase inhibition activity and antioxidants in yogurt. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1798072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bakr Shori
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Isolation of Isocoumarins and Flavonoids as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Agrimonia pilosa L. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112572. [PMID: 32486502 PMCID: PMC7321404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrimonia pilosa L. (AP) showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity, but it is uncertain what phytochemicals play a key factor. The phytochemical study of AP based on AGI activity led to the isolation of four isocoumarins; agrimonolide (1), agrimonolide-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), desmethylagrimonolide (3), desmethylagrimonolide-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), and four flavonoids; luteolin (5), quercetin (6), vitexin (7), and isovitexin (8). The four isocoumarins were isolated as α-glucosidase inhibitors for the first time. Isocoumarins, compound 1 (agrimonolide) and 3 (desmethylagrimonolide) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 24.2 and 37.4 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, isocoumarin and flavonoid glycosides showed weak AGI activity. In the kinetic analysis, isocoumarins, compounds 1 and 3 showed non-competitive inhibition, whereas flavonoid, compound 6 showed competitive inhibition.
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Mongalo N, Mashele S, Makhafola T. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. (Rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03708. [PMID: 32322712 PMCID: PMC7170964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mucronata is an important multi-purpose plant species that has been used in African traditional medicine for ages in the treatment of various devastating human and animal infections. The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of uses, toxicology, pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of Z. mucronata. The information used in the current work was retrieved using various search engines, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scielo, SciFinder and Scopus. The key words used included Ziziphus mucronata, secondary metabolites, chemistry, biological activity and pharmacology, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, ethnobotanical survey, medicinal uses, safety, toxicology and other related words. Out of the 46 infections which the plant species is used to treat, the most common uses includes sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, diarrhoea and dysentery, respiratory and chest complaints and gynaecological complaints (citations ≥6). Pharmacologically, the plant species exhibited a potential antimicrobial activity yielding a minimum inhibitory concentration of <1 mg/ml against important pathogens which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Cryptoccoos neoformans amongst other microorganisms. Furthermore, the extracts and compounds from Z mucronata revealed potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other activities in vitro. Phytochemically, cyclo-peptide alkaloids (commonly called mucronines) dominates and in conjunction with triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Besides these compounds, the plant species exhibited the presence of important in minerals. These phytoconstituents may well explain the reported biological activities. Although the extracts revealed no cytotoxic effect to Vero cells, further toxicological characteristics of the plant species still needs to be explored. There is also a need to carry out the comprehensive safety profiles of the plant species, including heavy metal detection. Although the plant species revealed important biological activities, which includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-plasmodial, anthelmintic, and anti-anaemic activity in vitro, further research is needed to explore the in vivo studies, other compounds responsible for such activities and the mechanisms of action thereof. Such activities validates the use of the plant species in traditional medicine. The data on the possible use of the plant species in the treatment of diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections, skin related and gynaecological complaints are scant and still needs to be explored and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the anticancer and anthelmintic activity of the plant species also needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, Private Bag X06, Florida, 0610, South Africa
| | - S.S. Mashele
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - T.J. Makhafola
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Cardioprotective Effect of Croton macrostachyus Stem Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8467406. [PMID: 32328140 PMCID: PMC7150702 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8467406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of stem bark extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was used to determine antioxidant activity whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity. Except for the normal control, all groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on the first day. Enalapril at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference. The hydromethanolic crude extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg, each) were administered for 10 days. The cardioprotective activities were evaluated using cardiac biomarkers such as Troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and histopathological studies of heart tissue. Results Crude extract and ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited free radical scavenging activities at IC50 of 594 μg/mL, 419 μg/mL, and 716 μg/mL, respectively. Crude extract at 400 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.29 ± 0.06 ng/mL, 103.00 ± 7.63 U/L, 99.80 ± 6.18 U/L, and 108.80 ± 8.81 U/L, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL, 137.00 ± 14.30 U/L, 90.33 ± 6.13 U/L, and 166.67 ± 13.50 U/L, respectively, compared with the cyclophosphamide control group. Conclusions Croton macrostachyus possesses cardioprotective activities and it could be a possible source of treatment for cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.
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Natural Hydrogen Sulfide Donors from Allium sp. as a Nutraceutical Approach in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071581. [PMID: 31336965 PMCID: PMC6682899 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a socially relevant chronic disease with high prevalence worldwide. DM may lead to several vascular, macrovascular, and microvascular complications (cerebrovascular, coronary artery, and peripheral arterial diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), often accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Dietary therapy is generally considered to be the first step in the treatment of diabetic patients. Among the current therapeutic options, such as insulin therapy and hypoglycemic drugs, in recent years, attention has been shifting to the effects and properties-that are still not completely known-of medicinal plants as valid and inexpensive therapeutic supports with limited side effects. In this review, we report the relevant effects of medicinal plants and nutraceuticals in diabetes. In particular, we paid attention to the organosulfur compounds (OSCs) present in plant extracts that due to their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, can contribute as cardioprotective agents in type 2 DM. OSCs derived from garlic (Allium sp.), due to their properties, can represent a valuable support to the diet in type 2 DM, as outlined in this manuscript based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a relevant characteristic of garlic OSCs is their ability to produce the gasotransmitter H2S, and many of their effects can be explained by this property. Indeed, in recent years, several studies have demonstrated the relevant effects of endogenous and exogenous H2S in human DM, including by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials; therefore, here, we summarize the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of H2S and natural H2S donors.
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Annunziata G, Barrea L, Ciampaglia R, Cicala C, Arnone A, Savastano S, Nabavi SM, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Arctium lappa contributes to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose homeostasis and improving oxidative stress: A critical review of in vitro and in vivo animal-based studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2213-2220. [PMID: 31232489 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease highly widespread worldwide, and the most common form is the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A large number of synthetic drugs are currently available for the treatment of diabetes; however, they present various side effects and, for this reason, people are increasingly inclined to search natural alternative treatments. Among these, Arctium lappa (A. lappa) has interesting anti-diabetic activities, exerted by improving glucose homeostasis and reducing insulin-resistance. In addition, A. lappa exerts a marked antioxidant activity, an effect known to play a pivotal role in the treatment of T2DM. The purpose of this review is to analyse scientific evidence in order to evaluate the role of A. lappa and its bioactive compounds in management of T2DM. The literature search performed provided only in vitro and animal-based studies. No clinical studies have been conducted in order to investigate the effect of A. lappa on T2DM patients. However, available literature provides evidence for further clinical trials in order to confirm these claimed activities on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Arnone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Parthiban E, Arokiyaraj C, Janarthanan S, Ramanibai R. Antioxidant and GC–MS analysis of Annona reticulata leaves extract against unsecure free radicals. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of Eryngium planum and Cnicus benedictus Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3692605. [PMID: 30993111 PMCID: PMC6434295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3692605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biological activities of Eryngium planum and of Cnicus benedictus extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that E. planum contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in C. benedictus extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in E. planum and C. benedictus. C. benedictus polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC50=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC50= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC50 having a significantly lower value than IC50 for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, E. planum polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 31.3 μg/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 μg/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.
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35
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Effect of pasteurization on in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of apple juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Belhadj S, Hentati O, Hammami M, Ben Hadj A, Boudawara T, Dammak M, Zouari S, El Feki A. Metabolic impairments and tissue disorders in alloxan-induced diabetic rats are alleviated by Salvia officinalis L. essential oil. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:985-995. [PMID: 30372910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research explored for the first time the effect of Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) essential oil (EO) on Alloxan-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Sage EO was extracted by a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The most important chemical families identified in this oil were oxygenated monoterpenes (56.32%), hydrocarbon monoterpenes (15.00%) and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (14.70%). All treatments were administered orally. In vitro investigation showed that the EO had α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activities with IC50 = 38 μg/mL and IC50 = 52 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo experiments highlighted that the activities of serum α-amylase and lipase were reduced by 46.6% and 32.1%, respectively. Sage EO reduced glycemia by 60% and the level of glycogen stored in the liver by 43.7%. Treatments of diabetes with Sage EO significantly protected the liver function by lowering serum AST (35%), ALT (79%) and LDH (43%) activities. Furthermore, Sage EO was efficient to preserve the kidney function in diabetes by reverting back serum creatinine (47%) and UA (62.5%) concentrations to control values. The obtained results altogether evidenced that Sage EO had hypoglycemic and anti-obesity effects and could be a valuable complement in future diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahla Belhadj
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Boulevard René Leriche, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olfa Hentati
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax (ISBS), University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 4, Po Box 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, University of Tunis, Hammam-Lif, Po Box. 901, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Ben Hadj
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Sami Zouari
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environmental Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax (ISBS), University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 4, Po Box 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - AbdelFattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Po Box 95, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Shori AB, Rashid F, Baba AS. Effect of the addition of phytomix-3+ mangosteen on antioxidant activity, viability of lactic acid bacteria, type 2 diabetes key-enzymes, and sensory evaluation of yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Bianco G, Pascale R, Carbone CF, Acquavia MA, Cataldi TRI, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Buchicchio A, Russo D, Milella L. Determination of soyasaponins in Fagioli di Sarconi beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by LC-ESI-FTICR-MS and evaluation of their hypoglycemic activity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1561-1569. [PMID: 29270658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are oleanene-type triterpenoid saponins, naturally occurring in many edible plants that have attracted a great deal of attention for their role in preventing chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to establish the distribution and the content of soyasaponins in 21 ecotypes of Fagioli di Sarconi beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Leguminosae). High-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with positive electrospray ionization (ESI(+)) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) was applied for the unambiguous identification of soyasaponins Ba (m/z 959.5213, [C48H79O19]+), Bb (m/z 943.5273, [C48H79O18]+), Bd (m/z 957.5122, [C48H77O19]+), and Be (m/z 941.5166, [C48H77O18]+), which are the only commercially available reference standards. In addition, the several diagnostic product ions generated by IRMPD in the ICR-MS cell allowed us the putative identification of soyasaponins Bb' (m/z 797.4680, [C42H69O14]+), αg (m/z 1085.5544, [C54H85O22]+), βg (m/z 1069.5600, [C54H85O21]+), and γg (m/z 923.5009, [C48H75O17]+), establishing thus their membership in the soyasaponin group. Quantitative and semiquantitative analysis of identified soyasaponins were also performed by RPLC-ESI(+) FTICR-MS; the total concentration levels were found ranging from 83.6 ± 9.3 to 767 ± 37 mg/kg. In vitro hypoglycemic outcomes of four soyasaponin standards were evaluated; significant inhibitory activities were obtained with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL and 12.0 ± 1.1 to 29.4 ± 1.4 μg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. This study represents the first detailed investigation on the antidiabetic activity of bioactive constituents found in Fagioli di Sarconi beans. Graphical abstract The first detailed RPLC-ESI(+) FTICR-MS investigation of the qualitative and semiquantitative profile of soyasaponins, occurring in 21 ecotypes of Fagioli di Sarconi beans (P. vulgaris L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Pascale
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cecilia F Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria A Acquavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität Muenchen, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Alessandro Buchicchio
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
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Ota A, Ulrih NP. An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:436. [PMID: 28729836 PMCID: PMC5499308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common effect of uncontrolled high blood sugar and it is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. In the adult population, the global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980. Without effective prevention and management programs, the continuing significant rise in diabetes will have grave consequences on the health and lifespan of the world population, and also on the world economy. Supplements can be used to correct nutritional deficiencies or to maintain an adequate intake of certain nutrients. These are often used as treatments for diabetes, sometimes because they have lower costs, or are more accessible or "natural" compared to prescribed medications. Several vitamins, minerals, botanicals, and secondary metabolites have been reported to elicit beneficial effects in hypoglycemic actions in vivo and in vitro; however, the data remain conflicting. Many pharmaceuticals commonly used today are structurally derived from natural compounds from traditional medicinal plants. Botanicals that are most frequently used to help manage blood glucose include: bitter melon (Momordica charantia), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum), gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre), ivy gourd (Coccinia indica), nopal (Opuntia spp.), ginseng, Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), psyllium (Plantago ovata), and garlic (Allium sativum). In majority of the herbal products and secondary metabolites used in treating diabetes, the mechanisms of action involve regulation of insulin signaling pathways, translocation of GLUT-4 receptor and/or activation the PPARγ. Several flavonoids inhibit glucose absorption by inhibiting intestinal α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In-depth studies to validate the efficacies and safeties of extracts of these traditional medicinal plants are needed, and large, well designed, clinical studies need to be carried out before the use of such preparations can be recommended for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes. The main focus of this review is to describe what we know to date of the active compounds in these, along with their glucose-lowering mechanisms, which are either through insulin-mimicking activity or enhanced glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša P. Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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Interaction of Plant Extracts with Central Nervous System Receptors. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4010012. [PMID: 28930228 PMCID: PMC5597072 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Plant extracts have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various maladies including neurological diseases. Several central nervous system receptors have been demonstrated to interact with plant extracts and components affecting the pharmacology and thereby potentially playing a role in human disease and treatment. For instance, extracts from Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) targeted several CNS receptors. Similarly, extracts from Piper nigrum, Stephania cambodica, and Styphnolobium japonicum exerted inhibition of agonist-induced activity of the human neurokinin-1 receptor. Methods: Different methods have been established for receptor binding and functional assays based on radioactive and fluorescence-labeled ligands in cell lines and primary cell cultures. Behavioral studies of the effect of plant extracts have been conducted in rodents. Plant extracts have further been subjected to mood and cognition studies in humans. Results: Mechanisms of action at molecular and cellular levels have been elucidated for medicinal plants in support of standardization of herbal products and identification of active extract compounds. In several studies, plant extracts demonstrated affinity to a number of CNS receptors in parallel indicating the complexity of this interaction. In vivo studies showed modifications of CNS receptor affinity and behavioral responses in animal models after treatment with medicinal herbs. Certain plant extracts demonstrated neuroprotection and enhanced cognitive performance, respectively, when evaluated in humans. Noteworthy, the penetration of plant extracts and their protective effect on the blood-brain-barrier are discussed. Conclusion: The affinity of plant extracts and their isolated compounds for CNS receptors indicates an important role for medicinal plants in the treatment of neurological disorders. Moreover, studies in animal and human models have confirmed a scientific basis for the application of medicinal herbs. However, additional investigations related to plant extracts and their isolated compounds, as well as their application in animal models and the conducting of clinical trials, are required.
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Brewer RA, Gibbs VK, Smith DL. Targeting glucose metabolism for healthy aging. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2016; 4:31-46. [PMID: 28035340 PMCID: PMC5166514 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is the greatest single risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Thus, the ability to target the aging process can facilitate improved healthspan and potentially lifespan. Lack of adequate glucoregulatory control remains a recurrent theme accompanying aging and chronic disease, while numerous longevity interventions result in maintenance of glucoregulatory control. In this review, we propose targeting glucose metabolism to enhance regulatory control as a means to ameliorate the aging process. We highlight that calorie restriction improves glucoregulatory control and extends both lifespan and healthspan in model organisms, but we also indicate more practical interventions (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics) are desirable for clinical application in humans. Of the calorie restriction mimetics being investigated, we focus on the type 2 diabetes drug acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor that when taken with a meal, results in reduced enzymatic degradation and absorption of glucose from complex carbohydrates. We discuss alternatives to acarbose that yield similar physiologic effects and describe dietary sources (e.g., sweet potatoes, legumes, and berries) of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We indicate future research should include exploration of how non-caloric compounds like α-glucosidase inhibitors modify macronutrient metabolism prior to disease onset, which may guide nutritional/lifestyle interventions to support health and reduce age-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Brewer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria K. Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Niu HS, Chao PC, Ku PM, Niu CS, Lee KS, Cheng JT. Amarogentin ameliorates diabetic disorders in animal models. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1215-1223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Runtuwene J, Cheng KC, Asakawa A, Amitani H, Amitani M, Morinaga A, Takimoto Y, Kairupan BHR, Inui A. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats, potentially by modulating the expression of PEPCK and GLUT4. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2193-202. [PMID: 27462144 PMCID: PMC4940010 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural substance that may be useful for treating diabetes mellitus. The present study investigated the effects of RA on glucose homeostasis and insulin regulation in rats with streptozocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes. METHODS Glucose homeostasis was determined using oral glucose tolerance tests and postprandial glucose tests, and insulin activity was evaluated using insulin tolerance tests and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Additionally, the protein expression levels of PEPCK and GLUT4 were determined using Western blot analysis. RESULTS RA administration exerted a marked hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats and enhanced glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed diabetic rats. These effects of RA were dose-dependent. Meanwhile, RA administration reversed the STZ- and HFD-induced increase in PEPCK expression in the liver and the STZ- and HFD-induced decrease in GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION RA reduces hyperglycemia and ameliorates insulin sensitivity by decreasing PEPCK expression and increasing GLUT4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Runtuwene
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Marie Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akinori Morinaga
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takimoto
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Niu HS, Chang CH, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Lee KS. Erythropoietin ameliorates hyperglycemia in type 1-like diabetic rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1877-84. [PMID: 27350742 PMCID: PMC4902144 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis. The role of EPO in glucose homeostasis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EPO on hyperglycemia in rats with type 1-like diabetes. Methods Rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1-like diabetes (STZ rats) were used to estimate the blood glucose-lowering effects of EPO, and changes in the expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and the hepatic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were identified by Western blot analysis. Results EPO attenuated the hyperglycemia in the STZ rats in a dose-dependent manner without altering the hematopoietic parameters, including the hematocrit and number of red blood cells. The involvement of the EPO receptor (EPOR) was identified using EPOR-specific antibodies. In addition, injection of EPO enhanced the glucose utilization, which was assessed using an intravenous glucose tolerance test in rats. However, blood insulin was not changed by EPO in this assay, showing the insulinotropic action of EPO. Moreover, EPO treatment increased the insulin sensitivity. Western blots indicated that the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was enhanced by EPO to support the signaling caused by EPOR activation. Furthermore, the decrease in the GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle was reversed by EPO, and the increase in the PEPCK expression in liver was reduced by EPO, as shown in STZ rats. Conclusion Taken together, the results show that EPO injection may reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rats through activation of EPO receptors. Therefore, EPO is useful for managing diabetic disorders, particularly hyperglycemia-associated changes. In addition, EPO receptor will be a good target for the development of antihyperglycemic agent(s) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Gueiren, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kung-Shing Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Visvanathan R, Jayathilake C, Liyanage R. A simple microplate-based method for the determination of α-amylase activity using the glucose assay kit (GOD method). Food Chem 2016; 211:853-9. [PMID: 27283705 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a reliable, simple, rapid and high-throughput analytical method for the detection and quantification of α-amylase inhibitory activity using the glucose assay kit was developed. The new method facilitates rapid screening of a large number of samples, reduces labor, time and reagents and is also suitable for kinetic studies. This method is based on the reaction of maltose with glucose oxidase (GOD) and the development of a red quinone. The test is done in microtitre plates with a total volume of 260μL and an assay time of 40min including the pre-incubation steps. The new method is tested for linearity, sensitivity, precision, reproducibility and applicability. The new method is also compared with the most commonly used 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method for determining α-amylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Chathuni Jayathilake
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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