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Pensato U, Cortelli P. Soccer (football) and brain health. J Neurol 2024; 271:3019-3029. [PMID: 38558150 PMCID: PMC11136867 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide, played by over 270 million people and followed by many more. Several brain health benefits are promoted by practising soccer and physical exercise at large, which helps contrast the cognitive decline associated with ageing by enhancing neurogenesis processes. However, sport-related concussions have been increasingly recognised as a pressing public health concern, not only due to their acute impact but also, more importantly, due to mounting evidence indicating an elevated risk for the development of neurological sequelae following recurrent head traumas, especially chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). While soccer players experience less frequent concussions compared with other contact or combat sports, such as American football or boxing, it stands alone in its purposeful use of the head to hit the ball (headings), setting its players apart as the only athletes exposed to intentional, sub-concussive head impacts. Additionally, an association between soccer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been consistently observed, suggesting a potential "soccer-specific" risk factor. In this review, we discuss the neurological sequelae related to soccer playing, the emerging evidence of a detrimental effect related to recurrent headings, and the need for implementation of comprehensive strategies aimed at preventing and managing the burden of head impact in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Pensato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56 Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Xu L, Saeed S, Ma X, Cen X, Sun Y, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, Tang A, Zhou H, Lai J, Xia H, Hu S. Hippocampal mitophagy contributes to spatial memory via maintaining neurogenesis during the development of mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14800. [PMID: 38887162 PMCID: PMC11183181 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired mitochondrial dynamics have been identified as a significant contributing factor to reduced neurogenesis under pathological conditions. However, the relationship among mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and spatial memory during normal development remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of mitophagy in spatial memory mediated by neurogenesis during development. METHODS Adolescent and adult male mice were used to assess spatial memory performance. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate levels of neurogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics were assessed through western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Pharmacological interventions further validated the causal relationship among mitophagy, neurogenesis, and behavioral performance during development. RESULTS The study revealed differences in spatial memory between adolescent and adult mice. Diminished neurogenesis, accompanied by reduced mitophagy, was observed in the hippocampus of adult mice compared to adolescent subjects. Pharmacological induction of mitophagy in adult mice with UMI-77 resulted in enhanced neurogenesis and prolonged spatial memory retention. Conversely, inhibition of mitophagy with Mdivi-1 in adolescent mice led to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired spatial memory. CONCLUSION The observed decline in spatial memory in adult mice is associated with decreased mitophagy, which affects neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. This underscores the therapeutic potential of enhancing mitophagy to counteract age- or disease-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Saboor Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xinxu Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xufeng Cen
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yanan Tian
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of BiochemistryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Anying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hetong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision psychiatryHangzhouChina
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision psychiatryHangzhouChina
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of BiochemistryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
- The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision psychiatryHangzhouChina
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental HealthHangzhouChina
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Deng S, Tan S, Guo C, Liu Y, Li X. Impaired effective functional connectivity in the social preference of children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1391191. [PMID: 38872942 PMCID: PMC11169607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1391191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (Amyg), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been identified as critical players in the social preference of individuals with ASD. However, the specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this role requires further clarification. In the current study, we applied Granger Causality Analysis (GCA) to investigate the neural connectivity of these three brain regions of interest (ROIs) in patients with ASD, aiming to elucidate their associations with clinical features of the disorder. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from the ABIDE II database, which included 37 patients with ASD and 50 typically developing (TD) controls. The mPFC, Amyg, and NAc were defined as ROIs, and the differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) within the ROIs between the ASD and TD groups were computed. Subsequently, we employed GCA to investigate the bidirectional effective connectivity between the ROIs and the rest of the brain. Finally, we explored whether this effective connectivity was associated with the social responsiveness scale (SRS) scores of children with ASD. Results The fALFF values in the ROIs were reduced in children with ASD when compared to the TD group. In terms of the efferent connectivity from the ROIs to the whole brain, the ASD group exhibited increased connectivity in the right cingulate gyrus and decreased connectivity in the right superior temporal gyrus. Regarding the afferent connectivity from the whole brain to the ROIs, the ASD group displayed increased connectivity in the right globus pallidus and decreased connectivity in the right cerebellar Crus 1 area and left cingulate gyrus. Additionally, we demonstrated a positive correlation between effective connectivity derived from GCA and SRS scores. Conclusion Impairments in social preference ASD children is linked to impaired effective connectivity in brain regions associated with social cognition, emotional responses, social rewards, and social decision-making. This finding further reveals the potential neuropathological mechanisms underlying ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Child Preventive Care, Dongguan Children’s Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihua Guo
- Department of Child Preventive Care, Dongguan Children’s Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxiong Liu
- Department of Child Preventive Care, Dongguan Children’s Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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McMillan M, McDonough J, Angliss M, Buttery J, Saunders L, Mathew SM, Shaw D, Gordon D, Warner MS, Nelson R, Hannah R, Marshall HS. Exploring the Health-Related Quality of Life and the Lived Experience of Adolescents Following Invasive Meningococcal Disease. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1075. [PMID: 38891151 PMCID: PMC11172222 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) survivors, particularly among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), are limited. This study aimed to investigate the in-depth experiences and impacts of IMD on AYAs. METHODS Participants were recruited from two Australian states, Victoria and South Australia. We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 30 patients diagnosed with IMD between 2016 and 2021. The interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Of the participants, 53% were aged 15-19 years old, and 47% were aged 20-24. The majority (70%) were female. Seven themes relating to the participants' experience of IMD were identified: (1) underestimation of the initial symptoms and then rapid escalation of symptoms; (2) reliance on social support for emergency care access; (3) the symptoms prompting seeking medical care varied, with some key symptoms missed; (4) challenges in early medical diagnosis; (5) traumatic and life-changing experience; (6) a lingering impact on HRQoL; and (7) gaps in the continuity of care post-discharge. CONCLUSION The themes raised by AYA IMD survivors identify multiple areas that can be addressed during their acute illness and recovery. Increasing awareness of meningococcal symptoms for AYAs may help reduce the time between the first symptoms and the first antibiotic dose, although this remains a challenging area for improvement. After the acute illness, conducting HRQoL assessments and providing multidisciplinary support will assist those who require more intensive and ongoing assistance during their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McMillan
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
| | - Joshua McDonough
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
- Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Research and Education Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Margaret Angliss
- Department of Paediatric Infection and Immunity, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatric Infection and Immunity, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lynda Saunders
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Suja M. Mathew
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - David Shaw
- Infectious Disease Unit, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.S.); (M.S.W.); (R.N.)
| | - David Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Morgyn S. Warner
- Infectious Disease Unit, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.S.); (M.S.W.); (R.N.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Renjy Nelson
- Infectious Disease Unit, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.S.); (M.S.W.); (R.N.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Rory Hannah
- Infectious Diseases, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division of Medicine Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia;
| | - Helen S. Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
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Piras G, Cadoni C, Caria F, Pintori N, Spano E, Vanejevs M, Ture A, Tocco G, Simola N, De Luca MA. Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae016. [PMID: 38546531 PMCID: PMC11120233 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the drug market raises concerns about uncertainty on their pharmacological profile and the health hazard linked to their use. Within the category of synthetic stimulant NPS, the phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2-Cl-4,5-MDMA) has been linked to severe intoxication requiring hospitalization. Thereby, the characterization of its pharmacological profile is urgently warranted. METHODS By in vivo brain microdialysis in adolescent and adult male rats we investigated the effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission in two brain areas critical for the motivational and rewarding properties of drugs, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, we evaluated the locomotor and stereotyped activity induced by 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA and the emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to characterize its affective properties. RESULTS 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA increased dialysate DA and 5-HT in a dose-, brain area-, and age-dependent manner. Notably, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA more markedly increased dialysate DA in the NAc shell and mPFC of adult than adolescent rats, while the opposite was observed on dialysate 5-HT in the NAc shell, with adolescent rats being more responsive. Furthermore, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA stimulated locomotion and stereotyped activity in both adolescent and adult rats, although to a greater extent in adolescents. Finally, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA did not stimulate the emission of 50-kHz USVs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first pharmacological characterization of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA demonstrating that its neurochemical and behavioral effects may differ between adolescence and adulthood. These preclinical data could help understanding the central effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA by increasing awareness on possible health damage in users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Spano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Hoops D, Kyne RF, Salameh S, MacGowan D, Avramescu RG, Ewing E, He AT, Orsini T, Durand A, Popescu C, Zhao JM, Schatz KC, Li L, Carroll QE, Liu G, Paul MJ, Flores C. The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.521267. [PMID: 36711625 PMCID: PMC9882376 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.521267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine axons are the only axons known to grow during adolescence. Here, using rodent models, we examined how two proteins, Netrin-1 and its receptor, UNC5C, guide dopamine axons towards the prefrontal cortex and shape behaviour. We demonstrate in mice ( Mus musculus ) that dopamine axons reach the cortex through a transient gradient of Netrin-1 expressing cells - disrupting this gradient reroutes axons away from their target. Using a seasonal model (Siberian hamsters; Phodopus sungorus ) we find that mesocortical dopamine development can be regulated by a natural environmental cue (daylength) in a sexually dimorphic manner - delayed in males, but advanced in females. The timings of dopamine axon growth and UNC5C expression are always phase-locked. Adolescence is an ill-defined, transitional period; we pinpoint neurodevelopmental markers underlying this period.
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Li DC, Hinton EA, Guo J, Knight KA, Sequeira MK, Wynne ME, Dighe NM, Gourley SL. Social experience in adolescence shapes prefrontal cortex structure and function in adulthood. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02540-6. [PMID: 38580810 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic reorganization. PFC development is profoundly influenced by the social environment, disruptions to which may prime the emergence of psychopathology across the lifespan. We investigated the neurobehavioral consequences of isolation experienced in adolescence in mice, and in particular, the long-term consequences that were detectable even despite normalization of the social milieu. Isolation produced biases toward habit-like behavior at the expense of flexible goal seeking, plus anhedonic-like reward deficits. Behavioral phenomena were accompanied by neuronal dendritic spine over-abundance and hyper-excitability in the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), which was necessary for the expression of isolation-induced habits and sufficient to trigger behavioral inflexibility in socially reared controls. Isolation activated cytoskeletal regulatory pathways otherwise suppressed during adolescence, such that repression of constituent elements prevented long-term isolation-induced neurosequelae. Altogether, our findings unveil an adolescent critical period and multi-model mechanism by which social experiences facilitate prefrontal cortical maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Hinton
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jidong Guo
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michelle K Sequeira
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E Wynne
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Niharika M Dighe
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Moraes MA, Árabe LB, Resende BL, Codo BC, Reis ALDAL, Souza BR. Effects of L-Dopa, SKF-38393, and quinpirole on exploratory, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in pubertal female and male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114805. [PMID: 38096922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a phase of substantial changes in the brain, characterized by maturational remodeling of many systems. This remodeling allows functional plasticity to adapt to a changing environment. The dopaminergic system is under morphological and physiological changes during this phase. In the present study, we investigated if changes in the dopaminergic tone alter mice behavior in a receptor and sex-specific manner, specifically at the beginning of the puberty period. We administered L-Dopa, SKF-38393 (D1 dopamine receptor agonist), and Quinpirole (D2 dopamine receptor agonist) and tested male and female mice's motor, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. While females displayed an impaired exploratory drive, males presented an intense depressive-like response. Our results provide insights into the function of dopaminergic development in adolescent behavior and highlight the importance of studies in this time window with male and female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Laila Blanc Árabe
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lopes Resende
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Campos Codo
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Araújo Lima Reis
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Søndergaard A, Gregersen M, Wilms M, Brandt JM, Hjorthøj C, Ohland J, Rohd SB, Hemager N, Andreassen AK, Knudsen CB, Veddum L, Krantz MF, Greve A, Bliksted V, Mors O, Valmaggia L, Thorup AE, Nordentoft M. Exploring the relationship between attributional style measured in virtual reality and bullying among children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with controls. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:354-361. [PMID: 38219411 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of parents with severe mental illness report bullying more often compared with controls. We hypothesized that deviations in attributional styles may explain the increased prevalence of bullying experiences. We aimed to assess real-time responses to standardized ambiguous social situations, bullying experiences by children, their primary caregivers, and teachers, and to investigate potential associations between attributional styles and bullying. METHOD The study included 465 children aged 11-12, born to parents with schizophrenia, N =179, bipolar disorder, N = 105, or population-based controls, N = 181. Attributional style was evaluated using virtual reality environments depicting ambiguous social everyday situations. We created a tailored assessment since no suitable assessments were found. Bullying was assessed through self-reports and reports from primary caregivers and teachers. RESULTS We observed no group differences in the attributional style of the children. Reports from children, primary caregivers, and teachers revealed that compared with controls, children born to parents with schizophrenia were more likely to perceive bullying victimization, with high consistency among reports. No associations were found between bullying reports and attributional style. CONCLUSIONS Children of parents with schizophrenia consistently experienced more bullying, as reported by the children themselves, primary caregivers, and teachers. No differences in attributional style were found, indicating that attributional style did not explain the increased prevalence of bullying reports. While it cannot be ruled out that our virtual environments were insufficient to trigger a sense of social exclusion, the results suggest that the observed differences in reported bullying are genuine and not a result of the child's attributional style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Søndergaard
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Wilms
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Anne E Thorup
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Getachew B, Hauser SR, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Sari Y, Tizabi Y. Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:11881. [PMID: 38322648 PMCID: PMC10846679 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, commonly referred to as the "gut-brain-axis" is crucial in maintaining overall physiological homeostasis. Gut microbiota development and brain maturation (neuronal connectivity and plasticity) appear to be synchronized and to follow the same timeline during childhood (immature), adolescence (expansion) and adulthood (completion). It is important to note that the mesolimbic reward circuitry develops early on, whereas the maturation of the inhibitory frontal cortical neurons is delayed. This imbalance can lead to increased acquirement of reward-seeking and risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, and consequently eventuate in heightened risk for substance abuse. Thus, there is high initiation of alcohol drinking in early adolescence that significantly increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood. The underlying causes for heightened AUD risk are not well understood. It is suggested that alcohol-associated gut microbiota impairment during adolescence plays a key role in AUD neurodevelopment in adulthood. Furthermore, alcohol-induced dysregulation of microglia, either directly or indirectly through interaction with gut microbiota, may be a critical neuroinflammatory pathway leading to neurodevelopmental impairments and AUD. In this review article, we highlight the influence of adolescent alcohol drinking on gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and microglia, and eventual manifestation of AUD. Furthermore, novel therapeutic interventions via gut microbiota manipulations are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Martín-Cuevas C, Ramos-Herrero VD, Crespo-Facorro B, Sánchez-Hidalgo AC. Prenatal risk factors and postnatal cannabis exposure: Assessing dual models of schizophrenia-like rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105409. [PMID: 37783300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic and environmental alterations, especially during prenatal stages. On the other hand, cannabis consumption in adolescence has been also linked to an increased risk of developing SCZ. The combination of both hits has been proposed as the dual hit hypothesis of SCZ. We systematically reviewed prenatal environmental alterations and cannabis consumption during adolescence that are associated with an increased risk of SCZ, following the PRISMA model. The analysis focused on dual animal models where the first hit is prenatal environmental exposure and the second hit consists of postnatal cannabis exposure. The articles were evaluated by three independent reviewers based on inclusion criteria. We extracted the first author´s name, year, model species, sex and analysis. The articles reported on dual murine models and their effects on weight, behavior, genetics, electrophysiology and brain structure and function. We conclude that the defects caused by the dual hits depend on the sex of the model, as well as type of hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martín-Cuevas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Darío Ramos-Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana C Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Manuel Siurot AV, 41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos AV, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Türk S, Korfmacher AK, Gerger H, van der Oord S, Christiansen H. Interventions for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 102:102271. [PMID: 37030086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
There are several meta-analyses of treatment effects for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The conclusions of these meta-analyses vary considerably. Our aim was to synthesize the latest evidence of the effectiveness of psychological, pharmacological treatment options and their combination in a systematic overview and meta-meta-analyses. A systematic literature search until July 2022 to identify meta-analyses investigating effects of treatments for children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD symptom severity as primary outcome (parent and teacher rated) yielded 16 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. Meta-meta-analyses of pre-post data showed significant effects for pharmacological treatment options for parent (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.74) and teacher ADHD symptom ratings (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82) as well as for psychological interventions for parent (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.51) and teacher rated symptoms (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.38). We were unable to calculate effect sizes for combined treatments due to the lack of meta-analyses. Our analyses revealed that there is a lack of research on combined treatments and for therapy options for adolescents. Finally, future research efforts should adhere to scientific standards as this allows comparison of effects across meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Türk
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Korfmacher
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Heike Gerger
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229, ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hanna Christiansen
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Thiol disulfide homeostasis in psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110719. [PMID: 36634809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide couple maintains an intracellular redox status. Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis acts crucial parts in metabolic processes involving signal mechanisms, inflammation, antioxidant defense. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis have been implicated in numerous diseases. In this comprehensive review we identified the studies that examined the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in psychiatric disorders. Most cases demonstrated alterations in thiol-disulfide homeostasis and in most of them the thiol-disulfide balance tended to change direction to the disulfide side, that is, to the oxidative side. Currently, the fact that N-acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing compound, is of great interest as a new treatment approach in psychiatric disorders and the role of glutathione, the most abundant thiol, in the brain highlights the importance of evaluating the thiol-disulfide balance in psychiatric disorders.
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14
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Paquin V, Cupo L, Malla AK, Iyer SN, Joober R, Shah JL. Dynamic association of the first identifiable symptom with rapidity of progression to first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2008-2016. [PMID: 34538292 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid progression from the first identifiable symptom to the onset of first-episode psychosis (FEP) allows less time for early intervention. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the first identifiable symptom and the subsequent speed of illness progression. METHODS Data were available for 390 patients attending a catchment-based early intervention service for FEP. Exposure to non-psychotic and subthreshold psychotic symptoms was retrospectively recorded using semi-structured interviews. Outcomes following the onset of the first identifiable symptom were (1) time to onset of FEP and (2) symptom incidence rate (i.e. number of symptoms emerging per person-year until FEP onset). These outcomes were respectively analyzed with Cox proportional hazards and negative binomial regressions. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction, having a subthreshold psychotic (v. non-psychotic) symptom as the first symptom was not associated with time to FEP onset [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39; 95% CI 0.94-2.04] but was associated with higher symptom incidence [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.92; 95% CI 1.10-3.48]. A first symptom of suspiciousness was associated with shorter time to FEP onset (HR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.38-4.08) and higher symptom incidence rate (IRR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.55-7.28) compared to other first symptoms. In contrast, a first symptom of self-harm was associated with lower symptom incidence rate (IRR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.73) compared to other first symptoms. Several associations between symptoms and illness progression were moderated by the age at symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS Appreciating the content and timing of early symptoms can identify windows and treatment targets for early interventions in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lani Cupo
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashok K Malla
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jai L Shah
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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15
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Ristanovic I, Vargas TG, Damme KSF, Mittal VA. Hippocampal subfields, daily stressors, and resting cortisol in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 148:105996. [PMID: 36495626 PMCID: PMC9898196 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hippocampus, comprised of functionally distinct subfields, both regulates stress and is affected by it during psychosis pathogenesis. Hippocampal abnormalities are evident across psychosis spectrum and are associated with aberrant cortisol levels and greater environmental stressors exposure. These associations, particularly at the subfield-level, are poorly understood in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. This represents a significant literature gap given this critical pathogenetic period is characterized by an interplay between environmental stressors and biological susceptibility. METHODS A total of 121 participants including 51 CHR (mean age=18.61) and 70 healthy controls (HC; mean age=18.3) were enrolled in the study. Participants completed a structural scan, salivary cortisol assays, and a self-report measure assessing distress from daily stressors exposure (DSI). Hippocampal subfield segmentation was conducted using Freesurfer. RESULTS Smaller hippocampal subfields were associated with greater stress levels. Greater DSI was associated with lower volumes in CA1 (r = -0.38) and CA2/3 (r = -0.29), but not in CA4/DG (r = -0.28), presubiculum (r = -0.09), or subiculum (r = -0.17). Higher resting cortisol was associated with lower volumes in presubiculum (r = -0.4) but not subiculum (r = -0.22), CA1 (r = 0.08), CA2/3 (r = 0.1), or CA4/DG (r = -0.005). Regressions indicated effects for CA1 and DSI (β = 0.57, p = .03) and presubiculum and cortisol (β = 0.61, p = .02) are specific to CHR participants relative to HCs. CONCLUSIONS The findings provided insights into links between stress and brain vulnerability during psychosis-risk period. Regional differences highlighted potentially different mechanisms by which stress impacts specific subfields. Presubiculum may be more susceptible to the impact of early stress on HPA-axis and cornu amonis to acute stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Ristanovic
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Teresa G Vargas
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Anand Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University, Medical Social Sciences, Chicago IL 60611, USA; Norhtwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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16
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Longitudinal Changes in Cortical Surface Area Associated With Transition to Psychosis in Adolescents at Clinical High Risk for the Disease. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:593-600. [PMID: 36638884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying biomarkers of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying the disease. Although cross-sectional abnormalities in cortical surface area (CSA) have been demonstrated in individuals at CHR-P who transition to psychosis (CHR-P-T) compared with those who do not (CHR-P-NT), how CSA longitudinally develops remains unclear, especially in younger individuals. We set out to compare CSA in adolescents at CHR-P and healthy controls (HC) over 2 points in time. METHOD A longitudinal multicenter study was performed in adolescents at CHR-P in comparison to HC and according to transition to psychosis. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline, at 18-month follow-up, or at the time of transition. Images were pre-processed and hemisphere and regional CSA were computed using FreeSurfer. Between-group analyses were performed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A total of 313 scans (107 CHR-P and 102 HC) were included in the analysis. At 18 months, the rate of transition to psychosis in CHR-P was 23.4%. Adolescents at CHR-P-T presented greater age-related decrease in CSA in the left parietal and occipital lobes compared with HC, and in the bilateral parietal lobe and right frontal lobe relative to CHR-P-NT. These results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment, cannabis use, or intelligence quotient (IQ). CONCLUSION Adolescents at CHR-P that developed a psychotic disorder presented different developmental trajectories of CSA relative to those who did not. A relatively greater decrease in CSA in the parietal and frontal lobes may index clinical transition to psychosis in adolescents at CHR-P.
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Guma E, Cupo L, Ma W, Gallino D, Moquin L, Gratton A, Devenyi GA, Chakravarty MM. Investigating the "two-hit hypothesis": Effects of prenatal maternal immune activation and adolescent cannabis use on neurodevelopment in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110642. [PMID: 36150422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) and chronic adolescent cannabis use are both risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, exposure to a single risk factor may not result in major mental illness, indicating that multiple exposures may be required for illness onset. Here, we examine whether combined exposure to prenatal MIA and adolescent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, lead to enduring neuroanatomical and behavioural changes in adulthood. Mice were prenatally exposed to viral mimetic, poly I:C (5 mg/kg), or vehicle at gestational day (GD) 9, and postnatally exposed to chronic THC (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle during adolescence (postnatal day [PND]28-45). Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed pre-treatment, PND 25, post-treatment, PND 50, and in adulthood, PND85, followed by behavioural tests for anxiety-like, social, and sensorimotor gating. Post-mortem assessment of cannabinoid (CB)1 and 2 receptor expressing cells was performed in altered regions identified by MRI (anterior cingulate and somatosensory cortices, striatum, and hippocampus). Subtle deviations in neurodevelopmental trajectory and subthreshold anxiety-like behaviours were observed in mice exposed to both risk factors. Sex-dependent effects were observed in patterns of shared brain-behaviour covariation, indicative of potential sex differences in response to MIA and THC. Density of CB1 and CB2 receptor positive cells was significantly decreased in all mice exposed to MIA, THC, or both. These findings suggest that there may be a cumulative effect of risk factor exposure on gross neuroanatomical development, and that the endocannabinoid system may be sensitive to both prenatal MIA, adolescent THC, or the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lani Cupo
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gallino
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Functional connectivity directionality between large-scale resting-state networks across typical and non-typical trajectories in children and adolescence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276221. [PMID: 36454744 PMCID: PMC9714732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders often emerge during adolescence and have been associated with age-related differences in connection strengths of brain networks (static functional connectivity), manifesting in non-typical trajectories of brain development. However, little is known about the direction of information flow (directed functional connectivity) in this period of functional brain progression. We employed dynamic graphical models (DGM) to estimate directed functional connectivity from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 1143 participants, aged 6 to 17 years from the healthy brain network (HBN) sample. We tested for effects of age, sex, cognitive abilities and psychopathology on estimates of direction flow. Across participants, we show a pattern of reciprocal information flow between visual-medial and visual-lateral connections, in line with findings in adults. Investigating directed connectivity patterns between networks, we observed a positive association for age and direction flow from the cerebellar to the auditory network, and for the auditory to the sensorimotor network. Further, higher cognitive abilities were linked to lower information flow from the visual occipital to the default mode network. Additionally, examining the degree networks overall send and receive information to each other, we identified age-related effects implicating the right frontoparietal and sensorimotor network. However, we did not find any associations with psychopathology. Our results suggest that the directed functional connectivity of large-scale resting-state brain networks is sensitive to age and cognition during adolescence, warranting further studies that may explore directed relationships at rest and trajectories in more fine-grained network parcellations and in different populations.
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Chen Y, Wang J, Xu L, Wei Y, Tang X, Hu Y, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhang T. Age-related changes in self-reported psychotic experiences in clinical help-seeking population: From 15 to 45 years. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1359-1367. [PMID: 35460330 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Psychotic experiences differ with age. It is currently unknown whether there were specific patterns and associations between the presentation of psychotic experiences and age. This study aimed to explore age-related differences (15-45 years) in self-reported psychotic experiences in a large-scale clinical population. METHODS A total of 2542 consecutive new patients aged 15-45 years were recruited on their first visit to the Shanghai Mental Health Center and screened with the PRIME Screen-Revised (PS-R). According to the clinical diagnostic information of patients from their outpatient medical records compiled by their clinicians, four diagnostic categories were applied: 1) psychotic disorder; 2) mood disorder; 3) anxiety disorder and 4) others. RESULTS The PS-R scores of self-reported psychotic experiences declined with age, except for two age ranges: ≤18 years for overall sample (≤18 vs. 19-34 years: t = 5.531, df = 2202, p < .001) and 37-40 years for female sample (37-40 vs. >40 years: t = 1.985, df = 138, p = .049), which showed upward trends, contrary to those of others. There were no significant differences in self-reported psychotic experiences between age groups in patients with psychotic disorders, while significant age differences were found in all nonpsychotic patients. CONCLUSION These findings support the view that frequent PS-R screening demonstrated that psychotic experiences decline with age in the clinical population. Early detection of psychosis should focus on not only adolescents but also women aged >36 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingMei Chen
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - JunJie Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - YeGang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - LinLin Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, China
| | - TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Keeley RJ, Prillaman ME, Scarlata M, Vrana A, Tsai PJ, Gomez JL, Bonaventura J, Lu H, Michaelides M, Stein EA. Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac291. [PMID: 36440101 PMCID: PMC9683397 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure is associated with regional changes in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype expression patterns as a function of dose and age at the time of exposure. Moreover, nicotine dependence is associated with changes in brain circuit functional connectivity, but the relationship between such connectivity and concomitant regional distribution changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes following nicotine exposure is not understood. Although smoking typically begins in adolescence, developmental changes in brain circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic nicotine exposure remain minimally investigated. Here, we combined in vitro nicotinic acetylcholine receptor autoradiography with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure changes in [3H]nicotine binding and α4ß2 subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and circuit connectivity across the brain in adolescent (postnatal Day 33) and adult (postnatal Day 68) rats exposed to 6 weeks of nicotine administration (0, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg/day). Chronic nicotine exposure increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels and induced discrete, developmental stage changes in regional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype distribution. These effects were most pronounced in striatal, thalamic and cortical regions when nicotine was administered during adolescence but not in adults. Using these regional receptor changes as seeds, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging identified dysregulations in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits that were also dysregulated following adolescent nicotine exposure. Thus, nicotine-induced increases in cortical, striatal and thalamic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during adolescence modifies processing and brain circuits within cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops, which are known to be crucial for multisensory integration, action selection and motor output, and may alter the developmental trajectory of the adolescent brain. This unique multimodal study significantly advances our understanding of nicotine dependence and its effects on the adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Keeley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - McKenzie E Prillaman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miranda Scarlata
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonia Vrana
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pei-Jung Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Departament de Patologia Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociènes, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanbing Lu
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Kuula L, Halonen R, Lipsanen J, Pesonen AK. Adolescent circadian patterns link with psychiatric problems: A multimodal approach. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:219-226. [PMID: 35397335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate brain function and mental wellbeing. We compared circadian patterns derived from continuous measurements of body temperature, sleep actigraphy and self-reported circadian preference in relation to different psychiatric disorders. 342 adolescents (70% females) aged 17.4y underwent M.I.N.I. psychiatric interviews, wore Ibutton 1922L skin temperature loggers (n = 281; 3 days), completed one-week GeneActiv Original actigraphy measurements (n = 306) and responded to Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; n = 330). We derived circadian period length and amplitude from the temperature loggers. Actigraphy measures included sleep duration, midpoint, efficiency, and irregularity as well as Delayed Sleep Phase (DSP) characteristics (bedtime after 1 a.m. 3 times/week). M.I.N.I. psychiatric interviews suggested that 36% of participants had one or more psychiatric problem, with 21% suffering from comorbidity. Severe depression was associated with longer circadian period (p = 0.002). Suicidality was associated with later midpoint (p = 0.007) and more irregular sleep (p = 0.007). Those with agoraphobia slept longer (p = 0.013). Manic episodes and psychotic disorders were associated with irregular sleep (p-values <0.02). DSP was related to suicidality (p = 0.026), panic disorder (p = 0.022), and greater comorbidity (p = 0.026). Preference for eveningness was similarly related to higher prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (p = 0.014), social anxiety (p = 0.03), agoraphobia (p = 0.026), panic disorder (p = 0.004), suicidality (p = 0.018), severe depression (p < 0.001), and comorbidity (p < 0.001). Deviations in circadian rhythms were widely associated with psychiatric problems, whereas sleep duration was not. Especially suicidality linked with several markers of circadian disruption: later sleep midpoint, irregular sleep, and DSP characteristics. Longer circadian period length was associated with severe depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Psychological aspects of pre-adolescents or adolescents with precocious puberty: A systematic review. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 64:e61-e68. [PMID: 35033399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Precocious puberty (PP) is an illness that appears when puberty, begins some years earlier than usual, provoking inferences in preadolescents and adolescents and their families. Therefore, the aim is to analyze if psychological consequences can be observed in groups of preadolescents or adolescents with PP. METHOD A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was made following the PRISMA guide in the following databases: ProQuest, Psychinfo, Web Of Science, and Scopus. 592 studies were found, were uploaded to Covidence to make a screening, of which finally 6 were included for the revision according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two independent evaluators made the search, selection, data extraction and quality evaluation of studies independently. The agreement degree between both was excellent in all of the cases. RESULTS 211 preadolescents participated in total in all studies, of which 99 were preadolescents with PP, with a mean age of 8,94 years old. Studies evaluated so heterogeneous variables, such as psychopathology, self-image, neuropsychological and cognitive variables, and reasons to delay or stop PP. The quality of studies was moderated especially due to the low quality of the studies design, which were mostly transversal, and the representativity of the sample, being selected by convenience. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to evaluate the psychological consequences of the PP diagnosis in pediatrics, and its protection factors, because none of the studies approached this question. We consider that it is necessary to increment the quality of these studies, and that these take a biopsychosocial perspective.
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Neural alterations of emotion processing in atypical trajectories of psychotic-like experiences. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:40. [PMID: 35853901 PMCID: PMC9261083 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the neural bases of facial emotion processing before the onset of clinical psychotic symptoms in youth belonging to well-defined developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). A unique sample of 86 youths was recruited from a population-based sample of over 3800 adolescents who had been followed from 13 to 17 years of age. Three groups were identified based on validated developmental trajectories: a control trajectory with low and decreasing PLEs, and two atypical trajectories with moderate to elevated baseline PLEs that subsequently decreased or increased. All had functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during a facial emotion processing task. Functional activation and connectivity data were analyzed for different contrasts. The increasing PLE trajectory displayed more positive psychotic symptoms while the decreasing trajectory exhibited more negative symptoms relative to the control group. During face processing, both atypical trajectories displayed decreased activations of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), while the increasing trajectory displayed a negative signal in the precentral gyrus. The increasing PLE trajectory also displayed impaired connectivity between the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum, and between the IFG, precuneus, and temporal regions, while the decreasing trajectory exhibited reduced connectivity between the amygdala and visual regions during emotion processing. Both atypical PLE trajectories displayed alterations in brain regions involved in attention salience. While the increasing trajectory with more positive symptoms exhibited dysconnectivity in areas that influence emotion salience and face perception, the decreasing trajectory with more negative symptoms had impairments in visual information integration areas. These group-specific features might account for the differential symptom expression.
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Schalbetter SM, von Arx AS, Cruz-Ochoa N, Dawson K, Ivanov A, Mueller FS, Lin HY, Amport R, Mildenberger W, Mattei D, Beule D, Földy C, Greter M, Notter T, Meyer U. Adolescence is a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabi6672. [PMID: 35235358 PMCID: PMC8890703 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical brain region that regulates various cognitive functions. One distinctive feature of the PFC is its protracted adolescent maturation, which is necessary for acquiring mature cognitive abilities in adulthood. Here, we show that microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, contribute to this maturational process. We find that transient and cell-specific deficiency of prefrontal microglia in adolescence is sufficient to induce an adult emergence of PFC-associated impairments in cognitive functions, dendritic complexity, and synaptic structures. While prefrontal microglia deficiency in adolescence also altered the excitatory-inhibitory balance in adult prefrontal circuits, there were no cognitive sequelae when prefrontal microglia were depleted in adulthood. Thus, our findings identify adolescence as a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina M. Schalbetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anina S. von Arx
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Faculties of Medicine and Natural Sciences, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kara Dawson
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Flavia S. Mueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Han-Yu Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Amport
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Mildenberger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Mattei
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Faculties of Medicine and Natural Sciences, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Yates K, Lång U, Peters EM, Wigman JTW, McNicholas F, Cannon M, DeVylder J, Oh H, Kelleher I. Sexual assault and psychosis in two large general population samples: Is childhood and adolescence a developmental window of sensitivity? Schizophr Res 2022; 241:78-82. [PMID: 35091390 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown a strong relationship between psychosis and sexual assault. Theories on developmental trauma as a causal factor for psychosis suggest that exposure to sexual trauma in childhood would have a stronger association with psychosis than sexual trauma in adulthood. We hypothesized that exposure to sexual trauma earlier in childhood and adolescence would be more strongly associated with hallucinations, delusional beliefs and psychotic disorder than sexual trauma that occurred later in life. METHODS Using the 2007 and 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys (N = 14,949) we calculated the prevalence of sexual assault, hallucinations, delusional beliefs, and psychotic disorder. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between age of exposure to sexual assault (first exposure <16 vs first exposure ≥16) and odds of hallucinations, delusions, and psychotic disorder. RESULTS Sexual assault at any age was associated with an increased odds of hallucinations (aOR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.63-2.46), delusional beliefs (aOR = 2.55, 95%CI = 2.24-2.89) and psychotic disorder (aOR = 5.28, 95%CI = 3.59-7.76). There was no significant difference, however, in the prevalence of hallucinations, delusional beliefs or psychotic disorders in individuals first exposed to sexual assault <16 and individuals first exposed ≥16. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find evidence that exposure to sexual assault in childhood and adolescence was more strongly associated with hallucinations, delusional beliefs or psychotic disorder than exposure to sexual assault age >16. Our findings do not support the idea that childhood and adolescence are uniquely sensitive periods for the emergence of psychotic experiences or psychotic disorder in relation to sexual trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Yates
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ulla Lång
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Evyn M Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Lucena Clinic St. John of God Community Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, NY, New York, United States.
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, California, United States
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Lucena Clinic St. John of God Community Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Sears CG, Lanphear BP, Xu Y, Chen A, Yolton K, Braun JM. Identifying periods of heightened susceptibility to lead exposure in relation to behavioral problems. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:1-9. [PMID: 34728761 PMCID: PMC8776587 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure is associated with behavioral problems in children, but the age(s) of greatest susceptibility to low-level lead exposure is unknown. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of repeated blood lead concentrations with parent-reported behaviors to identify periods of heightened susceptibility during infancy and childhood (HOME Study; Cincinnati, OH; 2003-2006; n = 244). METHODS We quantified lead in whole blood samples (ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years) and assessed behavior using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2; ages 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years). We used multiple informant models and modified Poisson regression to estimate covariate-adjusted associations of ln-transformed blood lead concentrations with continuous BASC-2 T-scores and the relative risk of behavior scores classified as at-risk or clinically significant, respectively. RESULTS We observed trends indicating that higher blood lead concentrations at all ages were adversely associated with scores on behavioral scales. On the Externalizing Problems and Adaptive Skills scales, these associations were strongest for blood lead concentrations at age 8 years (β = 3.1-point; 95% CI = 0.7, 5.4 and β = -2.2-point; 95% CI = -4.9, 0.5, respectively) compared with other ages. Overall, higher blood lead concentrations were associated with elevated risk of behavior scores classified as at-risk or clinically significant on the Adaptive Skills, Behavioral Symptom Index, and Externalizing Problems scales. SIGNIFICANCE Contemporary levels of lead exposure during the first 8 years of life were associated with ADHD-related behaviors, specifically aggression, hyperactivity, and conduct problems. IMPACT STATEMENT Our results highlight the importance of primary lead prevention across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Sears
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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27
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Gomes MGS, Tractenberg SG, Orso R, Viola TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. Sex differences in risk behavior parameters in adolescent mice: Relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136339. [PMID: 34762979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is as a period of development characterized by impulsive and risk-seeking behaviors. Risk behaviors (RB) involves exposure to dangerous or negative consequences to achieve goal-directed behaviors, such as reward-seeking. On the other hand, risk aversion/assessment behaviors allow the individual to gather information or avoid potentially threatening situations. Evidence has suggested that both behavioral processes, RB and risk assessment (RA), may have sex-differences. However, sex-specific behavioral patterns implicated in RB and RA are not fully understood. To address that, we investigated sex differences in risk-behavioral parameters in a decision-making task developed for rodents. In addition, we investigated the potential role of sex-dependent differences in gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon IV in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which has been implicated to mediate PFC-related behavioral dysfunctions. Male and female C57BL/6J adolescent mice were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) to assess anxiety-like behaviors and in the predator-odor risk taking (PORT) task. The PORT task is a decision-making paradigm in which a conflict between the motivation towards reward pursuit and the threat elicited by predatory olfactory cues (coyote urine) is explored. After behavioral testing, animals were euthanized and BDNF exon IV gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Comparative and correlational analyses for behavioral and molecular parameters were performed for both sexes. We observed that female mice spent more time exploring the middle chamber of the PORT apparatus in the aversive condition, which is an indicative of avoidance behavior. Female mice also had a higher latency to collect the reward than male mice and presented less time exploring the open arms of the EPM. BDNF exon IV gene expression was higher among females, and there was a positive correlation between the BDNF and PORT behavioral parameters. Our findings suggest sex-dependent effects in the PORT task. Females presented higher RA and avoidance behavior profile and expressed higher levels of BDNF exon IV in the mPFC. Moreover, higher BDNF expression was correlated with RA behaviors, which suggests that adolescent females tend to evaluate the risks more than adolescent males and that BDNF gene expression may be mediating decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G S Gomes
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo G Tractenberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Thiago W Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Deak T. Adolescent neuroimmune function and its interaction with alcohol. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:167-208. [PMID: 34801169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period associated with behavioral change, including increased risk-taking and alcohol use. Experimentation with alcohol typically begins in adolescence and transitions to binge-like patterns of consumption. Alcohol exposure during adolescence can alter normative changes in brain structure and function. Understanding mechanisms by which ethanol impacts neurodevelopmental processes is important for preventing and ameliorating the deleterious consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse. This review focuses on the neuroimmune system as a key contributor to ethanol-induced changes in adolescent brain and behavior. After brief review of neuroimmune system development, acute and chronic effects of ethanol on adolescent neuroimmune functioning are addressed. Comparisons between stress/immunological challenges and ethanol on adolescent neuroimmunity are reviewed, as cross-sensitization is relevant during adolescence. The mechanisms by which ethanol alters neuroimmune functioning are then discussed, as they may portend development of neuropathological consequences and thus increase vulnerability to subsequent challenges and potentiate addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Doremus-Fitzwater
- Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States.
| | - T Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States; Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
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29
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Zhang Y, Yao L, Li X, Meng M, Shang Z, Wang Q, Xiao J, Gu X, Xu Z, Zhang X. Schizophrenia risk-gene Crmp2 deficiency causes precocious critical period plasticity and deteriorated binocular vision. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2225-2237. [PMID: 36654114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain-specific loss of a microtubule-binding protein collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the mouse recapitulates many schizophrenia-like behaviors of human patients, possibly resulting from associated developmental deficits in neuronal differentiation, path-finding, and synapse formation. However, it is still unclear how the Crmp2 loss affects neuronal circuit function and plasticity. By conducting in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological recording in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we reveal that CRMP2 exerts a key regulation on the timing of postnatal critical period (CP) for experience-dependent circuit plasticity of sensory cortex. In the developing V1, the Crmp2 deficiency induces not only a delayed maturation of visual tuning functions but also a precocious CP for visual input-induced ocular dominance plasticity and its induction activity - coincident binocular inputs right after eye-opening. Mechanistically, the Crmp2 deficiency accelerates the maturation process of cortical inhibitory transmission and subsequently promotes an early emergence of balanced excitatory-inhibitory cortical circuits during the postnatal development. Moreover, the precocious CP plasticity results in deteriorated binocular depth perception in adulthood. Thus, these findings suggest that the Crmp2 deficiency dysregulates the timing of CP for experience-dependent refinement of circuit connections and further leads to impaired sensory perception in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meizhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ziwei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Li DC, Hinton EA, Gourley SL. Persistent behavioral and neurobiological consequences of social isolation during adolescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:73-82. [PMID: 34112579 PMCID: PMC8434983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Meaningful social interactions are a fundamental human need, the lack of which can pose serious risks to an individual's physical and mental health. Across species, peer-oriented social behaviors are dramatically reshaped during adolescence, a developmental period characterized by dynamic changes in brain structure and function as individuals transition into adulthood. Thus, the experience of social isolation during this critical developmental stage may be especially pernicious, as it could permanently derail typical neurobiological processes that are necessary for establishing adaptive adult behaviors. The purpose of this review is to summarize investigations in which rodents were isolated during adolescence, then re-housed in typical social groups prior to testing, thus allowing the investigators to resolve the long-term consequences of social adversity experienced during adolescent sensitive periods, despite subsequent normalization of the social environment. Here, we discuss alterations in social, anxiety-like, cognitive, and decision-making behaviors in previously isolated adult rodents. We then explore corresponding neurobiological findings, focusing on the prefrontal cortex, including changes in synaptic densities and protein levels, white matter and oligodendrocyte function, and neuronal physiology. Made more urgent by the recent wave of social deprivation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, especially amongst school-aged adolescents, understanding the mechanisms by which even transient social adversity can negatively impact brain function across the lifespan is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Hinton
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA.
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Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter in Schizophrenia: From Molecular Mechanism to Novel Biomarker and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189718. [PMID: 34575878 PMCID: PMC8466274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, a crucial excitatory neurotransmitter, plays a major role in the modulation of schizophrenia’s pathogenesis. New drug developments for schizophrenia have been prompted by the hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. The cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− is related to glutamate-release regulation. Patients with schizophrenia were recently discovered to exhibit downregulation of xc− subunits—the solute carrier (SLC) family 3 member 2 and the SLC family 7 member 11. We searched for relevant studies from 1980, when Bannai and Kitamura first identified the protein subunit system xc− in lung fibroblasts, with the aim of compiling the biological, functional, and pharmacological characteristics of antiporter xc−, which consists of several subunits. Some of them can significantly stimulate the human brain through the glutamate pathway. Initially, extracellular cysteine activates neuronal xc−, causing glutamate efflux. Next, excitatory amino acid transporters enhance the unidirectional transportation of glutamate and sodium. These two biochemical pathways are also crucial to the production of glutathione, a protective agent for neural and glial cells and astrocytes. Investigation of the expression of system xc− genes in the peripheral white blood cells of patients with schizophrenia can facilitate better understanding of the mental disorder and future development of novel biomarkers and treatments for schizophrenia. In addition, the findings further support the hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Wang X, Liao W, Han S, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Chen H. Frequency-specific altered global signal topography in drug-naïve first-episode patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1876-1885. [PMID: 33188473 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disease associated with frequency-specific abnormalities across distributed neural systems in a slow rhythm. Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have determined that the global signal. (GS) is an important source of the local neuronal activity in 0.01-0.1 Hz frequency band. However, it remains unknown whether the effects follow a specific spatially preferential pattern in different frequency bands in schizophrenia. To address this issue, resting-state fMRI data from 39 drug-naïve AOS patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were used to assess the changes in GS topography patterns in the slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 bands (0.01-0.027 Hz). Results revealed that GS mainly affects the default mode network (DMN) in slow-4 and sensory regions in the slow-5 band respectively, and GS has a stronger driving effect in the slow-5 band. Moreover, significant frequency-by-group interaction was observed in the frontoparietal network. Compared with HCs, patients with AOS exhibited altered GS topography mainly located in the DMN. Our findings demonstrated that the influence of the GS on brain networks altered in a frequency-specific way in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China. .,Radiology department of the First Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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van Doorn M, Popma A, van Amelsvoort T, McEnery C, Gleeson JF, Ory FG, M. W. M. J, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Nieman DH. ENgage YOung people earlY (ENYOY): a mixed-method study design for a digital transdiagnostic clinical - and peer- moderated treatment platform for youth with beginning mental health complaints in the Netherlands. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:368. [PMID: 34301213 PMCID: PMC8299169 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of mental disorders typically occurs between the ages of 12 and 25, and the burden of mental health problems is the most consequential for this group. Indicated prevention interventions to target individuals with subclinical symptoms to prevent the transition to clinical levels of disorders, even leading to suicide, have shown to be effective. However, the threshold to seek help appears to be high. Digital interventions could offer a solution, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This implementation study will investigate the digital indicated prevention intervention ENgage YOung people Early (ENYOY), the Dutch version of the original Moderated Online Social Therapy Platform (MOST+) from Australia. In addition, the relationship between stress biomarkers, symptoms and outcome measures of youth using the platform will be investigated in this study. METHODS The MOST+ platform will be adapted, translated and developed for the situation in the Netherlands in collaboration with a Youth Panel. A prospective cohort of 125 young people (16-25 years) with beginning mental health complaints will be on the platform and followed for a year, of which 10 participants will have an additional smart watch and 10 participants will be asked to provide feedback about the platform. Data will be collected at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Outcome measures are Psychological Distress assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Social and occupational functioning (measures by the SOFAS), positive mental health indicators measured by the Positive Health Instrument, stress biomarkers with a smart-watch, website journeys of visitors, and feedback of youth about the platform. It will be a mixed-method study design, containing qualitative and quantitative measures. DISCUSSION This trial will specifically address young people with emerging mental health complaints, and offers a new approach for treatment in the Netherlands. Considering the waiting lists in (child and adolescent)-psychiatry and the increase in suicides among youth, early low-threshold and non-stigmatizing help to support young people with emerging psychiatric symptoms is of crucial importance. Moreover, this project aims to bridge the gap between child and adolescent and adult psychiatry. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register ID NL8966 , retrospectively registered on the 19th of October 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. van Doorn
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Popma
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. van Amelsvoort
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. McEnery
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.488501.0Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. F. Gleeson
- grid.488501.0Orygen, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.411958.00000 0001 2194 1270Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F. G. Ory
- Buurtzorg Jong, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Jaspers M. W. M.
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Alvarez-Jimenez
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.488501.0Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D. H. Nieman
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fu Z, Iraji A, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Whole-Brain Functional Network Connectivity Abnormalities in Affective and Non-Affective Early Phase Psychosis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682110. [PMID: 34220438 PMCID: PMC8250435 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis disorders share overlapping symptoms and are characterized by a wide-spread breakdown in functional brain integration. Although neuroimaging studies have identified numerous connectivity abnormalities in affective and non-affective psychoses, whether they have specific or unique connectivity abnormalities, especially within the early stage is still poorly understood. The early phase of psychosis is a critical period with fewer chronic confounds and when treatment intervention may be most effective. In this work, we examined whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC) from both static and dynamic perspectives in patients with affective psychosis (PAP) or with non-affective psychosis (PnAP) and healthy controls (HCs). A fully automated independent component analysis (ICA) pipeline called "Neuromark" was applied to high-quality functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with 113 early-phase psychosis patients (32 PAP and 81 PnAP) and 52 HCs. Relative to the HCs, both psychosis groups showed common abnormalities in static FNC (sFNC) between the thalamus and sensorimotor domain, and between subcortical regions and the cerebellum. PAP had specifically decreased sFNC between the superior temporal gyrus and the paracentral lobule, and between the cerebellum and the middle temporal gyrus/inferior parietal lobule. On the other hand, PnAP showed increased sFNC between the fusiform gyrus and the superior medial frontal gyrus. Dynamic FNC (dFNC) was investigated using a combination of a sliding window approach, clustering analysis, and graph analysis. Three reoccurring brain states were identified, among which both psychosis groups had fewer occurrences in one antagonism state (state 2) and showed decreased network efficiency within an intermediate state (state 1). Compared with HCs and PnAP, PAP also showed a significantly increased number of state transitions, indicating more unstable brain connections in affective psychosis. We further found that the identified connectivity features were associated with the overall positive and negative syndrome scale, an assessment instrument for general psychopathology and positive symptoms. Our findings support the view that subcortical-cortical information processing is disrupted within five years of the initial onset of psychosis and provide new evidence that abnormalities in both static and dynamic connectivity consist of shared and unique features for the early affective and non-affective psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology and Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute and Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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35
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Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:352. [PMID: 34131108 PMCID: PMC8206413 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome influence on brain function and mental health is an emerging area of intensive research. Animal and human research indicates adolescence as a sensitive period when the gut-brain axis is fine-tuned, where dietary interventions to change the microbiome may have long-lasting consequences for mental health. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of microbiota-targeted (psychobiotics) interventions on anxiety in youth, with discussion of a consultation on the acceptability of psychobiotic interventions for mental health management amongst youth with lived experience. Six databases were searched for controlled trials in human samples (age range: 10-24 years) seeking to reduce anxiety. Post intervention outcomes were extracted as standard mean differences (SMDs) and pooled based on a random-effects model. 5416 studies were identified: 14 eligible for systematic review and 10 eligible for meta-analysis (total of 324 experimental and 293 control subjects). The meta-analysis found heterogeneity I2 was 12% and the pooled SMD was -0.03 (95% CI: -0.21, 0.14), indicating an absence of effect. One study presented with low bias risk, 5 with high, and 4 with uncertain risk. Accounting for risk, sensitivities analysis revealed a SMD of -0.16 (95% CI: -0.38, 0.07), indicative of minimal efficacy of psychobiotics for anxiety treatment in humans. There is currently limited evidence for use of psychobiotics to treat anxiety in youth. However, future progress will require a multidisciplinary research approach, which gives priority to specifying mechanisms in the human models, providing causal understanding, and addressing the wider context, and would be welcomed by anxious youths.
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Fortea A, Batalla A, Radua J, van Eijndhoven P, Baeza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Fusar-Poli P, Castro-Fornieles J, De la Serna E, Luna LP, Carvalho AF, Vieta E, Sugranyes G. Cortical gray matter reduction precedes transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:98-106. [PMID: 34029948 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gray matter and cortical thickness reductions have been documented in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis and may be more pronounced in those who transition to psychosis. However, these findings rely on small samples and are inconsistent across studies. In this review and meta-analysis we aimed to investigate neuroanatomical correlates of clinical high-risk for psychosis and potential predictors of transition, using a novel meta-analytic method (Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images) and cortical mask, combining data from surface-based and voxel-based morphometry studies. Individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis who later transitioned to psychosis were compared to those who did not and to controls, and included three statistical maps. Overall, individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis did not differ from controls, however, within the clinical high-risk for psychosis group, transition to psychosis was associated with less cortical gray matter in the right temporal lobe (Hedges' g = -0.377), anterior cingulate and paracingulate (Hedges' g = -0.391). These findings have the potential to help refine prognostic and etiopathological research in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fortea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Esther Koplowitz Centre, Rosselló 153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Center for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Division of Neuroradiology, 600 N Wolfe Street Phipps B100F, 21287 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Esther Koplowitz Centre, Rosselló 153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
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Werling DM, Pochareddy S, Choi J, An JY, Sheppard B, Peng M, Li Z, Dastmalchi C, Santpere G, Sousa AMM, Tebbenkamp ATN, Kaur N, Gulden FO, Breen MS, Liang L, Gilson MC, Zhao X, Dong S, Klei L, Cicek AE, Buxbaum JD, Adle-Biassette H, Thomas JL, Aldinger KA, O'Day DR, Glass IA, Zaitlen NA, Talkowski ME, Roeder K, State MW, Devlin B, Sanders SJ, Sestan N. Whole-Genome and RNA Sequencing Reveal Variation and Transcriptomic Coordination in the Developing Human Prefrontal Cortex. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107489. [PMID: 32268104 PMCID: PMC7295160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression levels vary across developmental stage, cell type, and region in the brain. Genomic variants also contribute to the variation in expression, and some neuropsychiatric disorder loci may exert their effects through this mechanism. To investigate these relationships, we present BrainVar, a unique resource of paired whole-genome and bulk tissue RNA sequencing from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 176 individuals across prenatal and postnatal development. Here we identify common variants that alter gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) constantly across development or predominantly during prenatal or postnatal stages. Both "constant" and "temporal-predominant" eQTLs are enriched for loci associated with neuropsychiatric traits and disorders and colocalize with specific variants. Expression levels of more than 12,000 genes rise or fall in a concerted late-fetal transition, with the transitional genes enriched for cell-type-specific genes and neuropsychiatric risk loci, underscoring the importance of cataloging developmental trajectories in understanding cortical physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Werling
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sirisha Pochareddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jinmyung Choi
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Brooke Sheppard
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Minshi Peng
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Claudia Dastmalchi
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Neurogenomics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew T N Tebbenkamp
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Forrest O Gulden
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael S Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lindsay Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael C Gilson
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A Ercument Cicek
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Biobank BB-0033-00064, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Noah A Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair and Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Uliana DL, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Stress impacts corticoamygdalar connectivity in an age-dependent manner. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:731-740. [PMID: 33096542 PMCID: PMC8027626 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a socio-environmental risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, with the age of exposure potentially determining the outcome. Several brain regions mediate stress responsivity, with a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their reciprocal inhibitory connectivity. Here we investigated the impact of stress exposure during adolescence and adulthood on the activity of putative pyramidal neurons in the BLA and corticoamygdalar plasticity using in vivo electrophysiology. 155 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a combination of footshock/restraint stress in either adolescence (postnatal day 31-40) or adulthood (postnatal day 65-74). Both adolescent and adult stress increased the number of spontaneously active putative BLA pyramidal neurons 1-2 weeks, but not 5-6 weeks post stress. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of BLA and mPFC depressed evoked spike probability in the mPFC and BLA, respectively, in adult but not adolescent rats. In contrast, an adult-like BLA HFS-induced decrease in spike probability of mPFC neurons was found 1-2 weeks post-adolescent stress. Changes in mPFC and BLA neuron discharge were found 1-2 weeks post-adult stress after BLA and mPFC HFS, respectively. All these changes were transient since they were not found 5-6 weeks post adolescent or adult stress. Our findings indicate that stress during adolescence may accelerate the development of BLA-PFC plasticity, probably due to BLA hyperactivity, which can also disrupt the reciprocal communication of BLA-mPFC after adult stress. Therefore, precocious BLA-mPFC connectivity alterations may represent an early adaptive stress response that ultimately may contribute to vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Uliana
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Ntlantsana V, Lynskey MT. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of psychosis: Are there factors that moderate this relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abus 2021; 42:527-542. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1876200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kanana Kiburi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Keneilwe Molebatsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addiction Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings college London, London, UK
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Kuang L, Gao W, Long Z, Cao W, Cui D, Guo Y, Jiao Q, Qiu J, Su L, Lu G. Common and Specific Characteristics of Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Types I and II: A Combined Cortical Thickness and Structural Covariance Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:750798. [PMID: 35126192 PMCID: PMC8814452 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.750798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By calculating cortical thickness (CT) and cortical structural covariance (SC), we aimed to investigate cortical morphology and cortical inter-regional correlation alterations in adolescent bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II) patients. METHODS T1-weighted images from 36 BD-I and 22 BD-II patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were processed to estimate CT. CT values of the whole brain were compared among three groups. Cortical regions showing CT differences in groups were regarded as seeds for analyzing cortical SC differences between groups. The relationship between CT and clinical indices was further assessed. RESULTS Both BD groups showed cortical thinning in several frontal and temporal areas vs. HCs, and CT showed no significant difference between two BD subtypes. Compared to HCs, both BD groups exhibited reduced SC connections between left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and right postcentral gyrus (PCG), left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right pars opercularis, and left STG and right PCG. Compared with HCs, decreased SC connections between left STG and right inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) and right pars opercularis and right STG were only observed in the BD-I group, and left PCG and left SFG only in the BD-II group. CT of right middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with number of episodes in BD-II patients. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent BD-I and BD-II showed commonly decreased CT while presenting commonly and distinctly declined SC connections. This study provides a better understanding of cortical morphology and cortical inter-regional correlation alterations in BD and crucial insights into neuroanatomical mechanisms and pathophysiology of different BD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Kuang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Altered temporal, but intact spatial, features of transient network dynamics in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2493-2503. [PMID: 33462330 PMCID: PMC8286268 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary models of psychosis suggest that a continuum of severity of psychotic symptoms exists, with subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) potentially reflecting some genetic and environmental risk factors shared with clinical psychosis. Thus, identifying abnormalities in brain activity that manifest across this continuum can shed new light on the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we investigated the moment-to-moment engagement of brain networks ("states") in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and PEs and identified features of these states that are associated with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Transient brain states were defined by clustering "single snapshots" of blood oxygen level-dependent images, based on spatial similarity of the images. We found that individuals with SCZ (n = 35) demonstrated reduced recruitment of three brain states compared to demographically matched healthy controls (n = 35). Of these three illness-related states, one specific state, involving primarily the visual and salience networks, also occurred at a lower rate in individuals with persistent PEs (n = 22), compared to demographically matched healthy youth (n = 22). Moreover, the occurrence rate of this marker brain state was negatively correlated with the severity of PEs (r = -0.26, p = 0.003, n = 130). In contrast, the spatial map of this state appeared to be unaffected in the SCZ or PE groups. Thus, reduced engagement of a brain state involving the visual and salience networks was demonstrated across the psychosis continuum, suggesting that early disruptions of perceptual and affective function may underlie some of the core symptoms of the illness.
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Ju M, Wang J, Xu L, Wei Y, Tang X, Hu Y, Hui L, Qiao Y, Wang J, Zhang T. Frequency of Self-reported Psychotic Symptoms among 2542 Outpatients at Their First Visit for Mental Health Services. Psychiatry 2021; 84:57-67. [PMID: 33406016 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2020.1855936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Psychotic symptoms are prevalent in both clinical settings and the general population. The distribution of psychotic symptoms across patients with different types of psychotic and non-psychotic mental disorders is helpful for understanding symptom specificity. This study aimed to explore the distribution differences of psychotic symptoms in an outpatient population in terms of frequency, age, gender, and psychotic and non-psychotic disorders.Methods: Outpatients were recruited consecutively at their first visit to the Shanghai Mental Health Center. Psychotic symptoms over the preceding year were self-reported through the PRIME Screen-Revised (PS-R) questionnaire. Seven categories of psychotic symptoms were grouped: perplexity and delusional mood (Item-1,5); first rank symptoms (Item-3,6,11); overvalued beliefs (Item-2,4); suspiciousness/persecutory ideas (Item-7), grandiose ideas (Item 8), perceptual abnormalities (Item-9,10), and disorganized communication (Item-12). Comparisons were made with respect to age group, sex, and diagnostic category.Results: Of 2542 outpatients, 1448(57.0%) were screened as positive, which was defined as having two or more symptoms with at least "somewhat agree" scores, ranging from 0 to 6. The threshold of one or more "yes" items was an endorsement to categorize the participant as positive for psychotic symptoms. The frequency of psychotic symptoms declined with age. Younger patients tended to report more psychotic symptoms than older patients(p < .001). Suspiciousness(p = .038) and disorganized communication (p = .004) were more common in females than males. Age, first rank symptoms, suspiciousness/persecutory ideas, grandiose ideas, and perceptual abnormalities were found to significantly differ between psychotic and non-psychotic disorders.Conclusions: Psychotic symptoms appear to be common in the clinical population and represent nonspecific indicators of psychopathology. The difference between psychotic and non-psychotic psychopathologies is more a function of the presence, frequency, and severity of psychotic symptoms.
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Zeller AC, Conrad D, Schneider A, Behnke A, Pfeiffer A, Blum GF, Wilker S, Elbert T, Kolassa I. A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:465-475. [PMID: 32643160 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who perpetrate violence may likely perceive violence as appealing and infliction of violence to derive pleasure is termed as appetitive aggression. Individuals who were abducted as children into an armed group often experience a higher number of traumatic event types, that is traumatic load and are usually socialized in a violence-endorsing environment. This study aims to investigate the interaction between age at initial abduction with that of traumatic load, and their influence on appetitive aggression along with perpetration of violent acts by former members of an armed rebel group of both sexes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a target group of formerly abducted rebel-war survivors (including participants with and without combat experience) from Northern Uganda. Participants included 596 women and 570 men with N = 1,166 (Mage = 32.58, SDage = 9.76, range: 18-80 years). We conducted robust linear regression models to investigate the influence of age at initial abduction, traumatic load, combat experience, and biological sex on appetitive aggression as well as their perpetrated violent acts. Our study shows, appetitive aggression and the number of perpetrated violent acts were specifically increased in individuals who were abducted young, experienced several traumatic events in their lifetime, and with previous combat experience. For perpetrated violence men showed increased levels whereas for appetitive aggression the association was independent of biological sex. Therefore, early abducted individuals with a higher traumatic load, who have combat experience, need to be given special intervention to prevent any further violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C. Zeller
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- vivo international e.V. Konstanz Germany
| | - Daniela Conrad
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Anna Schneider
- vivo international e.V. Konstanz Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander Behnke
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | | | - Gerrit F. Blum
- Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- vivo international e.V. Konstanz Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- vivo international e.V. Konstanz Germany
| | - Iris‐Tatjana Kolassa
- vivo international e.V. Konstanz Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
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Heinze K, Cumming J, Dosanjh A, Palin S, Poulton S, Bagshaw AP, Broome MR. Neurobiological evidence of longer-term physical activity interventions on mental health outcomes and cognition in young people: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:431-441. [PMID: 33172601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate putative neurobiological mechanisms that link longer-term physical activity interventions to mental health and cognitive outcomes using randomised controlled trials in children, adolescents and young adults. DATA SOURCES A range of medical and psychological science electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO). REVIEW METHODS Original research studies were selected, data were extracted and quality was appraised. RESULTS Sixteen primary papers were included, ranging from healthy and community samples to subclinical and clinical populations across a variety of age ranges and using different neurobiological measures (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cortisol, brain-derived neurotropic factor). DISCUSSION The majority of studies report improvement in mental health and cognition outcomes following longer-term physical activity interventions which coincide with neurobiological alterations, especially neuroimaging alterations in activation and electrophysiological parameters in frontal areas. Future research should include measures of pre-existing fitness and target those who would benefit the most from this type of intervention (e.g. those with a lower level of fitness and at risk for or with mental health problems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen Heinze
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Jennifer Cumming
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Amrita Dosanjh
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Sophia Palin
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Shannen Poulton
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Andrew P Bagshaw
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Matthew R Broome
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
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Tunset ME, Haslene-Hox H, Van Den Bossche T, Vaaler AE, Sulheim E, Kondziella D. Extracellular vesicles in patients in the acute phase of psychosis and after clinical improvement: an explorative study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9714. [PMID: 32995075 PMCID: PMC7501784 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived structures that transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells, thereby affecting the phenotype of the recipient cell. As the content of EVs reflects the status of the originating cell, EVs can have potential as biomarkers. Identifying EVs, including their cells of origin and their cargo, may provide insights in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we present an in-depth analysis and proteomics of EVs from peripheral blood in patients (n = 25) during and after the acute phase of psychosis. Concentration and protein content of EVs in psychotic patients were twofold higher than in 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both concentration and protein content), and the diameter of EVs was larger in patients (p = 0.02). Properties of EVs did not differ significantly in blood sampled during and after the acute psychotic episode. Proteomic analyses on isolated EVs from individual patients revealed 1,853 proteins, whereof 45 were brain-elevated proteins. Of these, five proteins involved in regulation of plasticity of glutamatergic synapses were significantly different in psychotic patients compared to controls; neurogranin (NRGN), neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin (HPCA), kalirin (KALRN), beta-adducin (ADD2) and ankyrin-2 (ANK2). To summarize, our results show that peripheral EVs in psychotic patients are different from those in healthy controls and point at alterations on the glutamatergic system. We suggest that EVs allow investigation of blood-borne brain-originating biological material and that their role as biomarkers in patients with psychotic disorders is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Elise Tunset
- Department of Østmarka- Division of Mental Healthcare, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Haslene-Hox
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Van Den Bossche
- VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Einar Vaaler
- Department of Østmarka- Division of Mental Healthcare, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Sulheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang C, Ran L, Ai M, Wang W, Chen J, Wu T, Liu W, Jin J, Wang S, Kuang L. Targeted sequencing of the BDNF gene in young Chinese Han people with major depressive disorder. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1484. [PMID: 32869548 PMCID: PMC7549566 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence and young adulthood are considered the peak age for the emergence of many psychiatric disorders, in particular major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has shown substantial heritability for MDD. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is known to be associated with MDD. However, there has been no study conducting targeted sequencing of the BDNF gene in young MDD patients so far. METHOD To examine whether the BDNF gene is associated with the occurrence of MDD in young patients, we used targeted sequencing to detect the BDNF gene variants in 259 young Chinese Han people (105 MDD patients and 154 healthy subjects). RESULTS The BDNF variant rs4030470 was associated with MDD in young Chinese Han people (uncorrected p = 0.046), but this was no longer significant after applying FDR correction (p = 0.552, after FDR correction). We did not find any significant differences in genotype or haplotype frequencies between the case and control groups, and furthermore discovered no rare mutation variants any of the 259 subjects. CONCLUSION Our results do not support an association of the BDNF gene variants with MDD in young people in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuyi Ran
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suya Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kammerer MK, Bub K, Lincoln TM. The relationship between nightmares and psychotic experiences in young adults. Sleep Med 2020; 77:315-322. [PMID: 32980251 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is indication that frequent nightmares are an early indicator of psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults. Yet which aspects of nightmares are relevant and how they contribute to psychotic experiences has remained unclear. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in a community sample of young adults between the ages of 18 and 27 (n = 486) to identify aspects of nightmares (nightmare frequency (NF), nightmare distress (ND), nightmare contents), that are related to specific psychotic experiences (paranoid thoughts, hallucinations, negative symptoms) after controlling for sleep quality, and examined factors that potentially mediate this relationship (stress, depression). RESULTS Nightmare frequency and -distress were significantly associated with paranoid thoughts, hallucinations and negative symptoms (NF: rs = 0.293 - 0.139; ND: rs = 0.411 - 0.166). Nightmares significantly added to explaining paranoid thoughts and hallucinations, over and above sleep quality, but not to explaining negative symptoms. The relations between nightmare distress and psychotic experiences were partially mediated by stress (percentage mediated for paranoid thoughts: 38.20%; for hallucinations: 11.77%) and depression (percentage mediated for paranoid thoughts: 56.61%; for hallucinations: 28.02%). The most commonly reported nightmare contents revolved around being chased, falling and losing a close relative and specific contents were significantly related to the frequency of hallucinations (eg, threatening surroundings, OR = 1.73) or paranoia (eg, workspace bullying, OR = 2.02). CONCLUSIONS Thorough assessments of nightmares and sleep disturbances in young individuals could facilitate early detection of those at risk and help to target preventive treatments. However, longitudinal studies are needed to test for a causal relationship between nightmares and the development of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias K Kammerer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Bub
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Zich C, Johnstone N, Lührs M, Lisk S, Haller SP, Lipp A, Lau JY, Kadosh KC. Modulatory effects of dynamic fMRI-based neurofeedback on emotion regulation networks in adolescent females. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117053. [PMID: 32574803 PMCID: PMC7573536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that difficulties with emotion regulation abilities in childhood and adolescence increase the risk for developing symptoms of mental disorders, e.g anxiety. We investigated whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based neurofeedback (NF) can modulate brain networks supporting emotion regulation abilities in adolescent females. We performed three experiments (Experiment 1: N = 18; Experiment 2: N = 30; Experiment 3: N = 20). We first compared different NF implementations regarding their effectiveness of modulating prefrontal cortex (PFC)-amygdala functional connectivity (fc). Further we assessed the effects of fc-NF on neural measures, emotional/metacognitive measures and their associations. Finally, we probed the mechanism underlying fc-NF by examining concentrations of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. Results showed that NF implementations differentially modulate PFC-amygdala fc. Using the most effective NF implementation we observed important relationships between neural and emotional/metacognitive measures, such as practice-related change in fc was related with change in thought control ability. Further, we found that the relationship between state anxiety prior to the MRI session and the effect of fc-NF was moderated by GABA concentrations in the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex. To conclude, we were able to show that fc-NF can be used in adolescent females to shape neural and emotional/metacognitive measures underlying emotion regulation. We further show that neurotransmitter concentrations moderate fc–NF–effects. Neurofeedback implementations differentially modulate PFC-amygdala connectivity. Functional connectivity neurofeedback affect measures of emotion regulation. Neurotransmitter concentrations moderate neurofeedback effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Zich
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211 LK, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Development, Brain Innovation, Maastricht, 6229 EV, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen Lisk
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simone Pw Haller
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Annalisa Lipp
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jennifer Yf Lau
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Namba H, Nawa H. Post-pubertal Difference in Nigral Dopaminergic Cells Firing in the Schizophrenia Model Prepared by Perinatal Challenges of a Cytokine, EGF. Neuroscience 2020; 441:22-32. [PMID: 32531471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia in humans typically develops during and after adolescence; however, the biological underpinning for the specificity of this onset time window remains to be determined. In the present study, we investigated this knowledge gap using our own animal model for schizophrenia. Rodents and monkeys challenged with a cytokine, epidermal growth factor (EGF), as neonates are known to exhibit various behavioral and cognitive abnormalities at the post-pubertal stage. We used the EGF-challenged mice as an animal model for schizophrenia to evaluate the electrophysiological impact of this modeling on nigral dopamine neurons before and after puberty. In vivo single unit recording revealed that the burst firing of putative dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta was significantly higher in the post-pubertal stage of the EGF model than in that of control mice; in contrast, this difference was not observed in the pre-pubertal stage. The increase in burst firing was accompanied by a decline in Ca2+-activated K+ (ISK) currents, which influence the firing pattern of dopamine neurons. In vivo local application of the SK channel blocker apamin (80 μM) to the substantia nigra was less effective at increasing burst firing in the EGF model than in control mice, suggesting the pathologic role of the ISK decrease in this model. Thus, these results suggest that the aberrant post-pubertal hyperactivity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is associated with the temporal specificity of the behavioral deficit of this model, and support the hypothesis that this dopaminergic aberration could be implicated in the adolescent onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
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Uliana DL, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex disruption during adolescence increases susceptibility to helpless behavior in adult rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 35:111-125. [PMID: 32402649 PMCID: PMC7269819 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling mental disorder worldwide. Several animal models have been used to study the neurobiology of this disorder, including the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, in which susceptible animals show helpless behavior indicated by fails to escape a controllable footshock. This behavior has been associated with a downregulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) system activity. The prelimbic portion of the prefrontal cortex (plPFC) plays an important role in the modulation of helpless behavior, but so far there is no evidence indicating that its developmental disruption alters susceptibility to helpless behavior. We investigated the impact of plPFC lesion performed at adolescence (postnatal day 31-33) or adulthood (postnatal day 70-72) on anxiety responses (elevated plus-maze), susceptibility to helpless behavior, and the VTA DA system activity in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Whereas adult plPFC lesions induced neither anxiety responses nor increased susceptibility to helpless behavior (plPFC lesion: 33.3% of helplessness; controls: 30.8% of helplessness rats), adolescent plPFC lesions induced anxiety responses and increased the proportion of rats showing helpless at adulthood (plPFC lesion: 92.3% helplessness; controls: 42.1% helplessness rats). Moreover, only helpless rats in the groups showed a decreased VTA DA system population activity that was confined to the medial portion of the VTA. These findings suggest that the impairment of plPFC activity during adolescence occurs during a critical window for the development of helpless behavior in adult rats, indicating that predisposition or early life adverse events that impair plPFC activity may enhance susceptibility to depression in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L Uliana
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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