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Scierka LE, Cleman J, Brice AE, Grimshaw AA, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen KG. Association Between Undernutrition and Mortality and Amputation Outcomes in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024:S1078-5884(24)00785-8. [PMID: 39216793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutritional status plays a complex role in the pathophysiology and outcomes of chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Undernutrition may be a modifiable risk factor. Given the variability in nutritional status concepts in CLTI outcomes studies, a systematic review examining the association between undernutrition and outcomes in patients with CLTI was conducted. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search of nine databases (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database [AMED], CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases) was conducted up to 23 May 2023. REVIEW METHODS Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case control studies of patients with CLTI conducted after 1982 that reported the effect size for a nutritional status measure and the outcomes of death, amputation, or a composite of the two. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, with a third independent reviewer resolving conflicts. RESULTS A total of 6 818 citations were screened, with 49 observational studies (31 from Japan) included in the review. The mean patient age ranged from 56.0 - 86.9 years. Most included patients were undergoing revascularisation. Unidimensional indicators of undernutrition (including low serum albumin, low body mass index, and zinc deficiency) as well as multidimensional measures (such as nutritional screening tool scores indicating undernutrition) were found to be associated with a statistically significant increased risk of death, amputation, and composite events in most studies. Effect sizes of the association were generally larger when multidimensional nutritional screening tools were used. However, the quality of evidence was poor, and certainty of evidence very low. CONCLUSION Undernutrition is consistently associated with an increased risk of death and amputation in patients with CLTI, regardless of the measure used. Broader efforts to understand the framework of nutritional status and validation of nutritional screening tools in CLTI populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Scierka
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacob Cleman
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aaron E Brice
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa A Grimshaw
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Centre of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carlos Mena-Hurtado
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim G Smolderen
- Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Elevado M, Liu Q, Giva B, Curatolo J, Delfin J, Abutabikh R, Junger WG. Impaired ATP hydrolysis in blood plasma contributes to age-related neutrophil dysfunction. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:45. [PMID: 38961477 PMCID: PMC11221114 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) decreases with age, which results in infectious and inflammatory complications in older individuals. The underlying causes are not fully understood. ATP release and autocrine stimulation of purinergic receptors help PMNs combat microbial invaders. Excessive extracellular ATP interferes with these mechanisms and promotes inflammatory PMN responses. Here, we studied whether dysregulated purinergic signaling in PMNs contributes to their dysfunction in older individuals. RESULTS Bacterial infection of C57BL/6 mice resulted in exaggerated PMN activation that was significantly greater in old mice (64 weeks) than in young animals (10 weeks). In contrast to young animals, old mice were unable to prevent the systemic spread of bacteria, resulting in lethal sepsis and significantly greater mortality in old mice than in their younger counterparts. We found that the ATP levels in the plasma of mice increased with age and that, along with the extracellular accumulation of ATP, the PMNs of old mice became increasingly primed. Stimulation of the formyl peptide receptors of those primed PMNs triggered inflammatory responses that were significantly more pronounced in old mice than in young animals. However, bacterial phagocytosis and killing by PMNs of old mice were significantly lower than that of young mice. These age-dependent PMN dysfunctions correlated with a decrease in the enzymatic activity of plasma ATPases that convert extracellular ATP to adenosine. ATPases depend on divalent metal ions, including Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, and we found that depletion of these ions blocked the hydrolysis of ATP and the formation of adenosine in human blood, resulting in ATP accumulation and dysregulation of PMN functions equivalent to those observed in response to aging. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that impaired hydrolysis of plasma ATP dysregulates PMN function in older individuals. We conclude that strategies aimed at restoring plasma ATPase activity may offer novel therapeutic opportunities to reduce immune dysfunction, inflammation, and infectious complications in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark Elevado
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Brennan Giva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Julian Curatolo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joshua Delfin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Reem Abutabikh
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health, 9452 Medical Ctr Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Brothers TN, Furtado M, Al-Mamun MA. Thiamine utilization and the lack of prescribing standardization: A critical examination. Alcohol 2024; 117:11-19. [PMID: 37979843 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thiamine is often prescribed for thiamine deficiency during hospitalization despite the lack of US-based clinical guidelines. This study aims to evaluate thiamine prescribing patterns and key characteristics associated with the deficiency to address gaps in care. METHODS Data were obtained from electronic health records of hospitalized patients between September 1, 2021, and March 30, 2022. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) was defined by a positive Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment score or a positive serum alcohol level upon admission. Geriatric patients were defined as age ≥65. Cohort 1 was defined as: AUD, albumin <4 g/L, INR >1.5, and total bilirubin >3 mg/dL. Cohort 2 was defined as: age >65, albumin <4 g/L, hemoglobin <15 g/dL, and folate <4 ng/mL. A multivariable LASSO regression model was used to identify characteristics associated with higher thiamine dosing (>100 mg/day). RESULTS Among 780 patients, 520 (66.7%) were identified as AUD, of which 265 (50.1%) were between the ages of 45-64 years. The AUD cohort was significantly different (p < 0.05) in the mean serum albumin 4.16 g/L (IQR: 3.8-4.5), AST 73.55 U/L (23.75-82.00), ALT 52.57 U/L (17.00-57.00), total bilirubin 0.98 (0.3-1.0), and INR 1.1 (0.99-1.12), compared to non-AUD patients with a mean serum albumin 3.75 g/L (3.3-4.2), AST 35.07 U/L (11.00-42.00), ALT 32.77 U/L (5.00-34.00), total bilirubin 0.89 (0.2-0.9), and INR 1.21 (1.0-1.22). In the geriatric cohort, 136 patients (17%) had a mean serum albumin 3.77 g/L (3.4-4.2), AST 38.66 U/L (14.0-41.0), ALT 29.36 U/L (9.0-37.0), total bilirubin 0.62 mg/dL (0.30-0.90), and direct bilirubin 0.12 mg/dL (0.00-0.20), compared to the non-geriatric cohort with a mean serum albumin 4.10 g/L (3.8-4.40), AST 66.44 U/L (21.0-75.0), ALT 50.03 U/L (16.00-53.75), total bilirubin 1.02 mg/dL (0.30-1.00), and direct bilirubin 0.31 mg/dL (0.00-0.20). In cohort 1, 40.6% patients were between 51 and 64 years old, (66.5%) male, and had a BMI <25 (36.4%). In cohort 2, 52.6% were between 65 and 70 years old, (57.9%) male, and had a BMI <25 (57.9%). Cohort 1 were prescribed a dose of 100 mg (47.7 %), oral (63.5%), intramuscular (18.2%), daily (58.9%), one-day duration (49.4%) most frequently. Cohort 2 were prescribed a dose of 100 mg (56.0%), oral (77.2%), daily (77.2%), one-day duration (29.8%) most frequently. The AUD was significantly associated with having a higher dosage (e.g., >100 mg) of thiamine prescribed per day OR 1.62 (1.11-2.37) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that thiamine prescribing patterns vary during hospitalization and suggest specific laboratory findings may aid in identifying cohorts associated with the deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd N Brothers
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
| | | | - Mohammad A Al-Mamun
- School of Pharmacy, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Perri G, Mathers JC, Martin-Ruiz C, Parker C, Walsh JS, Eastell R, Demircan K, Chillon TS, Schomburg L, Robinson L, Hill TR. Selenium status and its determinants in very old adults: insights from the Newcastle 85+ Study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:901-910. [PMID: 37877251 PMCID: PMC10864996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of data on Se status in very old adults. The aims of this study were to assess Se status and its determinants in 85-year-olds living in the Northeast of England by measuring serum Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity. A secondary aim was to examine the interrelationships between each of the biomarkers. In total, 757 participants (463 women, 293 men) from the Newcastle 85+ Study were included. Biomarker concentrations were compared with selected cut-offs (serum Se: suboptimal 70 µg/l and deficient 45 µg/l; SELENOP: suboptimal 4·5 mg/l and deficient 2·6 mg/l). Determinants were assessed using linear regressions, and interrelationships were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Median (inter-quartile range) concentrations of serum Se, SELENOP and of GPx3 activity were 53·6 (23·6) µg/l, 2·9 (1·9) mg/l and 142·1 (50·7) U/l, respectively. Eighty-two percentage and 83 % of participants had suboptimal serum Se (< 70 µg/l) and SELENOP (< 4·5 mg/l), and 31 % and 40 % of participants had deficient serum Se (< 45 µg/l) and SELENOP (< 2·6 mg/l), respectively. Protein intake was a significant determinant of Se status. Additional determinants of serum Se were sex, waist:hip ratio, self-rated health and disease, while sex, BMI and physical activity were determinants of GPx3 activity. There was a linear association between serum Se and SELENOP, and nonlinear associations between serum Se and GPx3 activity and between SELENOP and GPx3 activity. These findings indicate that most participants had suboptimal Se status to saturate circulating SELENOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE4 5PL, UK
| | - Craig Parker
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE4 5PL, UK
| | - Jennifer S. Walsh
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS5 7AU, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS5 7AU, UK
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Thilo S. Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Louise Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tom R. Hill
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
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Yilmaz K, Wirth R, Daubert D, Pourhassan M. Prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished older hospitalized patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100039. [PMID: 38280831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies represent significant concerns in geriatric care, leading to adverse health outcomes in older adults. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished older hospitalized patients. DESIGN AND SETTING This prospective, observational study was conducted in a geriatric acute care unit. PARTICIPANTS The study included 156 malnourished older adults. MEASUREMENTS Malnutrition was identified using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Micronutrient status was assessed through serum analysis of vitamins (A, B1, B6, B12, C, D, E, H, K, folic acid) and minerals (iron, zinc, copper, selenium) within 24 h post-admission. RESULTS The average patient age was 82.3 ± 7.5 years, with 69% female. The results revealed a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, with 90% of patients exhibiting deficiencies in three or more micronutrients. Notably, every patient presented at least one micronutrient deficiency. Common deficiencies were found in vitamins C (75%), D (65%), H (61%), and K (45%), as well as folic acid (37%), iron (31%), zinc (36%) and selenium (35%). In binary regression analysis, the amount of previous weight loss was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of multiple (>2) micronutrient deficiencies (P = 0.045). Other variables such age (P = 0.449), gender (P = 0.252), BMI (P = 0.265) and MNA-SF score (P = 0.200) did not show any significant association with the prevalence multiple micronutrient deficiencies. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished older hospitalized patients underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to address micronutrient deficiencies in this population, promoting their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Yilmaz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer Wirth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Diana Daubert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Maryam Pourhassan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
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Karolczak K, Guligowska A, Sołtysik BK, Kostanek J, Kostka T, Watala C. Estimated Intake of Potassium, Phosphorus and Zinc with the Daily Diet Negatively Correlates with ADP-Dependent Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation in Older Subjects. Nutrients 2024; 16:332. [PMID: 38337617 PMCID: PMC10857292 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of blood platelets is the pivotal step that leads to thrombosis. The risk of thrombotic events increases with age. Available data suggest that minerals taken with diet can affect the course of thrombosis. However, little is known about the relationship between platelet aggregability and mineral intake with diet among elderly people. Thus, we evaluated the associations between the reactivities of platelets to arachidonic acid, collagen or ADP and the estimated quantities of minerals consumed as a part of the daily diet in 246 subjects aged 60-65 years (124 men and 122 women). The found simple (not-adjusted) Spearman's rank negative correlations are as follows: 1. arachidonate-dependent aggregation and the amounts of potassium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper and manganese; 2. collagen-dependent aggregation and the amounts of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc; and 3. ADP-dependent aggregation and the amounts of potassium, phosphorus and zinc. The negative associations between ADP-dependent platelet reactivity and the amount of potassium, phosphorus and zinc and between collagen-dependent aggregability and the amount of phosphorus were also noted after adjusting for a bunch of cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, in older subjects, the intake of minerals with diet is negatively related to blood platelet reactivity, especially in response to ADP. Diet fortification with some minerals may possibly reduce the thrombotic risk among elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Research Center (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (B.K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej K. Sołtysik
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Research Center (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (B.K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Joanna Kostanek
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Research Center (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (B.K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (C.W.)
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Baker S, Baker D, Baker R, Brown CJ. Case series of retinal vein occlusions showing early recovery using oral l-methylfolate. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2024; 16:25158414241240687. [PMID: 38628356 PMCID: PMC11020740 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241240687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins via Ocufolin®, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10-33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin® was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin® had a salutary effect on recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Baker
- Northwest Arkansas NeuroVision, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Dylan Baker
- Becker Friedman Institute for Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Baker
- Northwest Arkansas NeuroVision, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Craig J. Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1923 East Joyce Blvd, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
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Gillies NA, Milan AM, Cameron-Smith D, Mumme KD, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Jones B, Roy NC, Coad J, Wall CR, Beck KL. Vitamin B and One-Carbon Metabolite Profiles Show Divergent Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers but not Cognitive Function in Older New Zealand Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the REACH Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3529-3542. [PMID: 37863266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B inadequacies and elevated homocysteine status have been associated with impaired cognitive and cardiometabolic health with aging. There is, however, a scarcity of research investigating integrated profiles of one-carbon (1C) metabolites in this context, including metabolites of interconnected folate, methionine, choline oxidation, and transsulfuration pathways. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine associations between vitamins B and 1C metabolites with cardiometabolic health and cognitive function in healthy older adults, including the interactive effects of Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status. METHODS Three hundred and thirteen healthy participants (65-74 y, 65% female) were analyzed. Vitamins B were estimated according to dietary intake (4-d food records) and biochemical status (serum folate and vitamin B12). Fasting plasma 1C metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Measures of cardiometabolic health included biochemical (lipid panel, blood glucose) and anthropometric markers. Cognitive function was assessed by the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Associations were analyzed using multivariate linear (COMPASS, cardiometabolic health) and Poisson (MoCA) regression modeling. RESULTS Over 90% of participants met dietary recommendations for riboflavin and vitamins B6 and B12, but only 78% of males and 67% of females achieved adequate folate intakes. Higher serum folate and plasma betaine and glycine concentrations were associated with favorable cardiometabolic markers, whereas higher plasma choline and homocysteine concentrations were associated with greater cardiometabolic risk based on body mass index and serum lipids concentration values (P< 0.05). Vitamins B and homocysteine were not associated with cognitive performance in this cohort, though higher glycine concentrations were associated with better global cognitive performance (P = 0.017), episodic memory (P = 0.016), and spatial memory (P = 0.027) scores. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status did not modify the relationship between vitamins B or 1C metabolites with cognitive function in linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B and 1C metabolite profiles showed divergent associations with cardiometabolic risk markers and limited associations with cognitive performance in this cohort of healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen D Mumme
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The Riddet Institute, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- College of Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Beck
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand.
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Luong R, Ribeiro RV, Hirani V, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, Raubenheimer D, Gosby AK. Associations between protein to non-protein ratio and intakes of other dietary components in a cohort aged 65-75 years: the Nutrition for Healthy Living Study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:3023-3037. [PMID: 37565467 PMCID: PMC10755421 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diets with a low proportion of energy from protein have shown to cause overconsumption of non-protein energy, known as Protein Leverage. Older adults are susceptible to nutritional inadequacy. The aim was to investigate associations between protein to non-protein ratio (P:NP) and intakes of dietary components and assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals aged 65-75 years from the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NHL) Study. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Nutritional intakes from seven-day weighed food records were compared with the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand, Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, Australian Dietary Guidelines and World Health Organisation Free Sugar Guidelines. Associations between P:NP and intakes of dietary components were assessed through linear regression analyses. SETTING NHL Study. PARTICIPANTS 113 participants. RESULTS Eighty-eight (59 female and 29 male) with plausible dietary data had a median (interquartile range) age of 69 years (67-71), high education level (86 %) and sources of income apart from the age pension (81 %). Substantial proportions had intakes below recommendations for dairy and alternatives (89 %), wholegrain (89 %) and simultaneously exceeded recommendations for discretionary foods (100 %) and saturated fat (92 %). In adjusted analyses, P:NP (per 1 % increment) was associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fat, free sugar and discretionary foods and higher intakes of vitamin B12, Zn, meat and alternatives, red meat, poultry and wholegrain % (all P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Higher P:NP was associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fat, free sugar and discretionary. Our study revealed substantial nutritional inadequacy in this group of higher socio-economic individuals aged 65-75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Luong
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison K Gosby
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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10
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Chin S, Wong R, Hirani V, O'Leary F. Nutrition knowledge assessment tools for older adults and their carers: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:216-231. [PMID: 34670637 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poor nutritional intake is common among older adults. Given that nutrition knowledge is an important determinant of eating behaviour and nutritional status, understanding areas of inadequate knowledge can guide educational interventions to reduce risk of nutritional deficiencies and promote healthy ageing. This review investigated tools assessing general nutritional knowledge of older adults and their carers. Following the Joanna Briggs for Scoping Reviews guidelines, 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health and Embase) and grey literature were searched. Studies of any type containing general nutrition knowledge assessment tools for older adults or their carers were included. In total, 6934 articles were identified, of which 24 met the eligibility criteria, and 23 unique nutrition knowledge assessment tools were included. Of these tools, 14 were original, 6 were modified from other tools and 3 used dietary-related responses from national dietary survey questions. 6 tools were developed for carers (mostly nurses) and 17 tools for older adults. Tools had between 4 and 110 items. The most common topics for general nutrition knowledge questions were related to nutrients and roles, food sources of nutrients, and diet-disease relationships. 8 tools were developed prior to 2000. Most studies did not specify or assess psychometric properties of the tool, with only 9 (38 %) and 6 (26 %) studies testing for reliability and validity, respectively, and only 1 tool was considered reliable. Additional research for the development of reliable and validated tools or the validation of existing tools to assess nutrition knowledge of older adults and their carers is needed across different healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Chin
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raymond Wong
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Borkent JW, Manders M, Nijhof A, Naumann E, Feskens EJM, de van der Schueren MAE. Low micronutrient intake in nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:1005-1014. [PMID: 37890172 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Low intake of micronutrients is associated with health-related problems in nursing home residents. As their food intake is generally low, it is expected that their micronutrient intake will be low as well. The nutrient intake of 189 residents (mean age 85.0 years (SD: 7.4)) in five different Dutch nursing homes was measured based on 3-day direct observations of intake. Micronutrient intake, without supplementation, was calculated using the Dutch food composition table, and SPADE software was used to model habitual intake. Intake was compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) as described in the Dutch dietary reference values. A low intake was defined as >10% not meeting the EAR or when the P50 (median) intake was below the AI. Vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, C, D, E, copper, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and selenium were investigated. Our data showed that vitamin and mineral intake was low for most assessed nutrients. An AI was only seen for vitamin B12 (men only), iodine (men only), and phosphorus. A total of 50% of the population had an intake below the EAR for riboflavin, vit B6, folate, and vitamin D. For reference values expressed in AI, P50 intake of vitamin E, calcium, iodine, magnesium, potassium, and selenium was below the AI. To conclude: micronutrient intake in nursing home residents is far too low in most of the nursing home population. A "food-first" approach could increase dietary intake, but supplements could be considered if the "food-first" approach is not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Borkent
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Manders
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Nijhof
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E Naumann
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - M A E de van der Schueren
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Massimino E, Izzo A, Castaldo C, Amoroso AP, Rivellese AA, Capaldo B, Della Pepa G. Dietary micronutrient adequacies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a population of older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:337-345. [PMID: 37739677 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are few data on micronutrient intake in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of adequacy in micronutrient intake according to the recommendations, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in older adults with T2D. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight patients (47 women and 91 men) with T2D aged over 65 years were included. Dietary habits were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls. The micronutrient intake, expressed as mean daily intake, and adequacy were compared with the dietary recommendations proposed by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (LARN) and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the MEDI-quest score. RESULTS An extremely low proportion of participants (∼1%) adhered to the recommendations for potassium and vitamin D intake. A low proportion of participants adhered to the recommendations for calcium (∼23%), magnesium (∼16%), selenium (∼17%), vitamin E (∼14%), riboflavin (∼28%), vitamin B6 (∼29%), folate (∼25%), and niacin (∼27%) intake. More than 60% of the population adhered to the recommendations for iron, copper, vitamin A and B12 intake. Only 53% of the population showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that a very low proportion of older adults with T2D meet the recommendations for ten micronutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, and niacin) with an unsatisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Nutritional approaches aimed at favoring adherence to dietary recommendations and increasing the consumption of foods rich in micronutrients should be implemented in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Massimino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Castaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Amoroso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Sanchez M, Courtois-Amiot P, Capdepon A, Neveux N, Gautry J, Dorigny B, Brossault L, Bouillanne O, Aussel C, Raynaud-Simon A, Cynober L. Four-week administration of an energy and protein dense oral nutritional supplement improves micronutrient concentrations but does not completely correct deficiencies in institutionalized malnourished older adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1249936. [PMID: 37829732 PMCID: PMC10565821 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1249936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor food intake is common among elderly living in nursing homes, leading to micronutrient deficiency (MD). There are no recommendations for the management of MD in malnourished older adults. Methods We conducted a single arm, open-label, multicenter interventional study in institutionalized malnourished older adults to describe the effect of a 4-week daily energy and protein dense oral nutritional supplementation (ONS, 600 kcal, 30 g protein per unit) containing 50% of the recommended daily micronutrient intake on micronutrient status. Plasma concentrations of vitamins (A, B9, B12, C, E), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and erythrocyte vitamin B9 were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results Forty-six participants completed the study (age 87.4 ± 6.6). At baseline, the most frequent MD were Se (48%), Zn (35%), Mg (24%) and vitamin C (24%). Plasma concentrations of vitamins B9, B12, C and E, Mg, Se and Zn significantly increased and the proportion of subjects with at least one MD decreased (p = 0.006). However, after 4 weeks, 40% of subjects still had at least one MD. Discussion ONS consumption improved micronutrient status but did not correct MD in all participants. Our data suggest that the prescription of vitamin, mineral and trace element supplementation should be considered in institutionalized malnourished older adults in addition to high energy and high protein ONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sanchez
- Department of Geriatrics, APHP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | | | - Audrey Capdepon
- Nestlé Health Science, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, APHP Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Bouillanne
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Department of Geriatrics, APHP Emile Roux Hospital, Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Christian Aussel
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, APHP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Raynaud-Simon
- Department of Geriatrics, APHP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cynober
- Research Unit in Pharmacology URP4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, APHP Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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14
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Kumar M, Orkaby A, Tighe C, Villareal DT, Billingsley H, Nanna MG, Kwak MJ, Rohant N, Patel S, Goyal P, Hummel S, Al-Malouf C, Kolimas A, Krishnaswami A, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Damluji AA, Kuchel GA, Forman DE, Alexander KP. Life's Essential 8: Optimizing Health in Older Adults. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100560. [PMID: 37664644 PMCID: PMC10470487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The population worldwide is getting older as a result of advances in public health, medicine, and technology. Older individuals are living longer with a higher prevalence of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced a list of key prevention targets, known as "Life's Simple 7" to increase CVD-free survival, longevity, and quality of life. In 2022, sleep health was added to expand the recommendations to "Life's Essential 8" (eat better, be more active, stop smoking, get adequate sleep, manage weight, manage cholesterol, manage blood pressure, and manage diabetes). These prevention targets are intended to apply regardless of chronologic age. During this same time, the understanding of aging biology and goals of care for older adults further enhanced the relevance of prevention across the range of functions. From a biological perspective, aging is a complex cellular process characterized by genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, inflammation, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These aging hallmarks are triggered by and enhanced by traditional CVD risk factors leading to geriatric syndromes (eg, frailty, sarcopenia, functional limitation, and cognitive impairment) which complicate efforts toward prevention. Therefore, we review Life's Essential 8 through the lens of aging biology, geroscience, and geriatric precepts to guide clinicians taking care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ariela Orkaby
- New England GRECC (Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center), VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlan Tighe
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hayley Billingsley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael G. Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Ji Kwak
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Namit Rohant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Program for the Care and Study of Aging Heart, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Hummel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina Al-Malouf
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amie Kolimas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louise, Missouri, USA
| | - James Kirkpatrick
- Department of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abdulla A. Damluji
- The Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh GRECC, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen P. Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Duke Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Wen H, Niu X, Zhao R, Wang Q, Sun N, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang W. Association of vitamin B1 with cardiovascular diseases, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175961. [PMID: 37720374 PMCID: PMC10502219 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the all-cause and cardiovascular-associated mortality, is not well known. A large-scale data pool was used to examine the aforementioned correlations of Vitamin B1. Methods This paper analyzed the dietary data from the survey conducted by National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES; 1999-2018). The correlation of vitamin B1 intake in each quartile with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. The hazard ratios for dietary vitamin B1 intake in each quartile, along with all-cause and cardiovascular-associated mortality, were performed using multivariate cox regression analysis, setting the lowest quartile (Q1) as a reference. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was used to study the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup stratification and sensitivity analyses were used to further investigate the association between them. Results The study enrolled 27,958 subjects (with a mean follow-up time of 9.11 years). After multivariate adjustment, dietary vitamin B1 intake was significantly associated with hypertension, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, with the most significant association in quartile 4 (Q4) of vitamin B1 intake. The results of the restricted cubic spline showed that vitamin B1 intake was nonlinearly associated with hypertension, whereas it was linearly associated with heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Meanwhile, a dose-response correlation was observed, indicating that increased vitamin B1 intake leads to reduced risk of both cardiovascular prevalence and mortality. The stratified analysis showed that the correlation between age ≥ 50 years, overweight, smoking history, drinking history and dyslipidemia were more significant in male patients. The associations remained similar in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The large NHANES-based studies indicate a gradual trend toward decreasing the risk of hypertension and heart failure prevalence and cardiovascular mortality with increasing dietary vitamin B1 intake. This association is especially significant in elderly-aged men, overweight individuals, smokers, drinkers, and dyslipidemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaona Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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16
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Vega-Cabello V, Struijk EA, Caballero FF, Lana A, Arias-Fernández L, Banegas JR, Artalejo FR, Lopez-Garcia E. Dietary micronutrient adequacy and risk of multimorbidity in community-dwelling older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)48901-0. [PMID: 37146761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity refers to the coexistence of multiple chronic health conditions. The effect of nutritional adequacy on multimorbidity is mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between dietary micronutrient adequacy and multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This cohort study included 1461 adults aged ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA II cohort. Habitual diet was assessed at baseline (2015 to 2017) with a validated computerized diet history. Intake of 10 micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamins A, C, D, E, zinc, iodine, and folate) was expressed as a percentage relative to dietary reference intakes, with higher scores indicating greater adequacy. Dietary micronutrient adequacy was computed as the average of all the nutrient scores. Information on medical diagnosis was obtained from the electronic health records up to December 2021. Conditions were grouped into a comprehensive list of 60 categories and occurrence of multimorbidity was defined as having ≥6 chronic conditions. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS The mean age was 71.0 (SD: 4.2) years and 57.8% of participants were males. During a median follow-up of 4.79 years, we documented 561 incident cases of multimorbidity. Participants in the highest (85.8-97.7%) versus the lowest tertile (40.1-78.7%) of dietary micronutrient adequacy had a lower risk of multimorbidity [fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.75 (0.59-0.95); p trend: 0.02]. A 1-SD increment in minerals adequacy and in vitamins adequacy were associated with lower risk of multimorbidity, although estimates were attenuated after additional adjustment for the opposite subindex [minerals subindex: 0.86 (0.74-1.00); vitamins subindex: 0.89 (0.76-1.04)]. No differences were observed by strata of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSION A higher micronutrient index score was associated with lower risk of multimorbidity. Improving the dietary micronutrient adequacy could prevent multimorbidity among older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03541135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vega-Cabello
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - José Ramón Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain..
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17
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Uchida N, Ishida M, Sato I, Yoshioka A, Takahashi T, Furuya D, Ebihara Y, Ito H, Onishi H. The prevalence of thiamine deficiency among elderly nursing home residents: A cross-sectional study. J Gen Fam Med 2023; 24:148-153. [PMID: 37261045 PMCID: PMC10227732 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although thiamine deficiency (TD) can lead to Wernicke encephalopathy, the characteristics associated with TD in the elderly have not yet been clarified. We sought to clarify the frequency of TD among an institutionalized elderly population with a controlled dietary intake and to identify possible factors related to TD. Method We undertook a cross-sectional study of residents in three nursing homes for the elderly as of June 2020. Blood thiamine concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography method, with TD defined as a concentration of <21.3 ng/mL. Basic data (age, sex, height, weight, and BMI), dietary intake for the previous 3 weeks, degree of care (DOC), degree of independence in daily life for elderly with dementia (DIDLED), and comorbidities were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results The mean age (±SD) was 86.9 years (±8.29), with 84 residents (70.0%) being female. The DIDLED varied from total independence to long-term care level 5 (full assistance), with 89.2% suffering dementia. The mean whole blood thiamine value was 36.18 (±17.58) ng/ml, with TD confirmed in 7 (5.8%) of the 120 residents. All TD patients suffered from dementia. No TD was observed in patients with a near-normal food intake, and no related factors were observed among the other items. Conclusion Reduced food intake may at increase the risk of TD and symptoms of TD may be overlooked in those displaying symptoms of dementia; thus, it is important for clinicians working with the elderly to remain aware of the potential for TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Uchida
- Department of General MedicineOgano Town Central HospitalSaitamaJapan
- Department of Psycho‐oncologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Mayumi Ishida
- Department of Psycho‐oncologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Izumi Sato
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Akira Yoshioka
- Department of Medical Oncology and Palliative CareMitsubishi Kyoto HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Supportive MedicineSaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Furuya
- Department of General MedicineSaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Ito Internal Medicine and Pediatric ClinicFukuokaJapan
| | - Hideki Onishi
- Department of Psycho‐oncologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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18
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Uchida N, Ishida M, Yoshioka A, Takahashi T, Furuya D, Ebihara Y, Ito H, Yanagi A, Onishi H, Sato I. Investigation of Whole Blood Thiamine Concentration in Independently Ambulatory Residents of a Provincial Town in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38800. [PMID: 37303326 PMCID: PMC10250136 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamine deficiency (TD) is an important public health problem in nutrition, occurring in 2-6% of the population in Europe and the US, whereas thiamine levels are reported to be significantly reduced by 36.6-40% in some populations of East Asia. However, there is little information available at present, regarding factors such as age, despite the continued aging of society. Further, studies such as those mentioned above have not yet been undertaken in Japan, the country in which population aging is most advanced. Objective To investigate TD in the Japanese community-dwelling individuals who are independently ambulatory. Methods We undertook an examination of TD in blood samples obtained from 270 citizens in a provincial town, aged 25-97 years, who were able to walk to the venue and provide informed consent for inclusion in this research and of whom 8.9% had a history of cancer. We summarized the demographic characteristics of the subjects. The whole-blood thiamine concentrations were measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. A value of 21.3 ng/ml or less was taken as low and a borderline value was set as less than 28 ng/ml. Results The mean (±SD) whole blood thiamine concentration was 47.6 ± 8.7 ng/ml. No TD was observed to exist participating in this study, with no subjects even showing show borderline values. Further, there was no significant difference in thiamine level between those aged 65 or older and those aged less than 65. Conclusions No cases of TD were observed among the subjects in this study, nor was the concentration of thiamine found to be related to age. It is possible that the frequency of TD might be very low in citizens who have a certain level of activity. In the future, it is necessary to expand the prevalence of TD to a wider range of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Uchida
- Department of General Medicine, Ogano Town Central Hospital, Ogano, JPN
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Mayumi Ishida
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Akira Yoshioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Supportive Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Daisuke Furuya
- Department of General Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of General Medicine, Ito Internal Medicine and Pediatric Clinic, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Akiko Yanagi
- Department of Nursing, Maruyama Memorial General Hospital, Iwatsuki, JPN
| | - Hideki Onishi
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, JPN
| | - Izumi Sato
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JPN
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Lengelé L, Sourdet S, Soriano G, Rolland Y, Soler V, de Souto Barreto P. Cross-sectional associations of dietary intake with hearing and vision capacities and potential mediation effect of inflammation in older adults: the COGFRAIL study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1325-1337. [PMID: 37119508 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering their prevalence and burden, information on the sensory impairment etiology is essential. Links between nutrition and sensory impairment through inflammation have been suggested. Although the decline in sensory capacities is age-related, few research included a geriatric population. AIMS Exploring the associations of nutrition with sensory capacities and test inflammation as a mediator among cognitively and physically impaired older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the COGFRAIL cohort, including 164 participants with no hearing aid and 20 participants wearing no visual aid. Hearing was evaluated using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-screening version (on 40 points, the lower the better), and the Monoyer chart (one to ten out of ten points, the higher the better), and the Parinaud scale (from 1.5, the best, to 28 points, the worst) assessed distant and near vision, respectively. Dietary intake was assessed through a diet history interview and inflammation was measured by the C-Reactive Protein level. Multivariate linear regressions were performed and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework was used to explore the potential mediation effect of inflammation on the diet-hearing relationships. RESULTS None of the nutrients was significantly associated with hearing acuity in the regressions or the SEM model. Regarding vision, a higher intake of saturated fatty acids was related to lower long-distance visual acuity, and greater Omega-3 consumption was associated with better near-vision capacity. DISCUSSION No nutrient was associated with hearing capacity and relationships between fatty acids quality and vision acuity were suggested. CONCLUSION These exploratory results require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Lengelé
- Gérontopôle, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sandrine Sourdet
- Gérontopôle, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Soriano
- Gérontopôle, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Toulouse University, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Toulouse University, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Soler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Toulouse University, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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20
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Tan D, Sutanto CN, Lin JWX, Toh DWK, Lê KA, Kim JE. Measures of carbohydrate quality and their association with diet quality and cardiometabolic health outcomes in Singapore middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:778-788. [PMID: 36842956 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carbohydrate quality may play a key role in cardiometabolic health and disease risk. This study aimed to assess the dietary carbohydrate quality of the free-living middle-aged and older adults in Singapore, and its association with overall diet quality and cardiometabolic health. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study examined the diet and cardiometabolic disease risk indicators of middle-aged and older adults in Singapore (n = 104). Dietary carbohydrate quality was assessed as the pass and fail rate of the population to four measures of carbohydrate quality: (i) dietary fiber recommended daily allowance (RDA), (ii) whole-grain recommendation, (iii) free sugar recommendation, and (iv) carbohydrate metrics. The association between each carbohydrate quality measure and diet quality, as well as cardiometabolic health, was assessed. Except for free sugar recommendation, the carbohydrate quality of the population was found to be poor with a low adherence (20-36%) to three measures. Subjects meeting these measures had generally higher intakes of fiber, protein, and most micronutrients compared with subjects who failed. Meeting different variants of the carbohydrate metrics was associated with 60% lower odds of pre-hypertensive blood pressure (p = 0.037; p = 0.047), and meeting the dietary fiber RDA was associated with lower waist circumference (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION An improvement in carbohydrate quality is warranted among free-living middle-aged and older adults in Singapore. Not all measures of carbohydrate quality were equally effective in preserving overall diet quality; the carbohydrate metrics and dietary fiber RDA can be identified as effective measures in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03554954, 13 Sept. 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Tan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Science and Technology Department, Nestlé R&D Center (Pte) Ltd., Singapore 618802, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Nataria Sutanto
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Wen Xanthe Lin
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Willemse JP, Smits LJ, Braat MM, Meertens LJ, van Montfort P, van Dongen MC, Ellerbrock J, van Dooren IM, Duvekot EJ, Zwaan IM, Spaanderman ME, Scheepers HC. Counseling pregnant women on calcium: effects on calcium intake. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:346-355. [PMID: 35998889 PMCID: PMC10010736 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of incorporating calcium advice into early pregnancy counseling on calcium intake during pregnancy in the Netherlands. METHODS A multicenter prospective before-after cohort study was conducted introducing risk-based care including calculating individual pre-eclampsia risk. Part of the intervention was to incorporate calcium advice into routine counseling. We calculated individual daily calcium intake and adequacy of calcium intake (≥1,000 mg/day) at 16, 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. We performed a multiple logistic regression adjusting for covariates to identify any differences in the risk of inadequate calcium intake between RC and CAC. RESULTS In regular care (RC, 2013-2015, n=2,477) 60% had inadequate calcium intake, compared to 49% during calcium advice care (CAC, 2017-2018, n=774) (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88). Specific calcium supplements were used by 2% and 29% in RC and CAC, respectively (OR 25.1, 95% CI 17.8-36.0). Determinants of an inadequate calcium intake were lower age (aOR per additional year 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98), nulliparity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45) and non-Caucasian origin (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.09-3.09). In CAC, risk of inadequate intake decreased with increasing predicted pre-eclampsia risk, which was a trend reversal compared to RC. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating calcium advice into early pregnancy counseling was shown to lead to a decrease in the risk of inadequate calcium intake during pregnancy, but still inadequate intake in half of the women suggesting the need for further study on improving implementation. Awareness of individual increased PE risk had positive effect on calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P.M.M. Willemse
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J.M. Smits
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linda J.E. Meertens
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Montfort
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martien C. van Dongen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Ellerbrock
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Zuyderland Medical CentreHeerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo M.A. van Dooren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Jans Gasthuis WeertWeert, The Netherlands
| | - Ella. J. Duvekot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VieCuri Medical CentreVenlo, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M. Zwaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laurentius Medical CentreRoermond, The Netherlands
| | - Marc E.A. Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertina C.J. Scheepers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Grow, school for oncology and developmental biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Kim H, Park SG. Effect of a Single Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Supplement on Nutritional Intake in Korean Elderly: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2020. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071561. [PMID: 37049402 PMCID: PMC10097026 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate nutritional intake is common, especially among elderly individuals. Although micronutrient intake may help fill nutritional gaps, the effects of multi-vitamin and mineral supplements (MVMS) among the Korean elderly are not well known. Therefore, we investigated the nutrition-improving effects of a single MVMS. A total of 2478 people aged ≥65 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018-2020 were analyzed. Nutrient intake from food and supplements was measured using the 24 h recall method. We compared the nutritional intake and insufficiency between the food-only group (n = 2170) and the food and MVMS group (n = 308). We also evaluated the differences in inadequate nutritional intake after taking MVMS with food. The analysis included vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and phosphorus. The proportion of insufficient intake ranged from 6.2% to 80.5% for men and from 21.2% to 82.4% for women, depending on the nutrients. Intake of MVMS with food was associated with lower rates of inadequacy (3.8-68.5% for men and 3.3-75.5% for women) compared to the food-only group. The results suggest that micronutrient deficiency frequently occurs in the Korean elderly population and can be improved by MVMS intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Guk Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
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23
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James E, Goodall S, Nichols S, Walker K, Carroll S, O'Doherty AF, Ingle L. Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1094733. [PMID: 36891188 PMCID: PMC9986330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low muscle mass disproportionately affects people with coronary heart disease compared to healthy controls but is under-researched and insufficiently treated. Inflammation, poor nutrition, and neural decline might contribute to low muscle mass. This study aimed to assess circulatory biomarkers related to these mechanisms [albumin, transthyretin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-terminal agrin fragment] and their relationship with muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Our findings could be beneficial to indicate mechanisms of sarcopenia, detect sarcopenia, and evaluate treatment. Methods Serum blood samples from people with coronary heart disease were analysed for biomarker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry derived appendicular lean mass and reported as skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg m-2), and as a proportion of total body mass [appendicular skeletal mass (ASM%)]. Low muscle mass was defined as a SMI <7.0 and <6.0 kg m-2, or ASM% <25.72 and <19.43% for men and women, respectively. Associations between biomarkers and lean mass were adjusted for age and inflammation. Results Sixty-four people were assessed; 14 (21.9%) had low muscle mass. People with low muscle mass had lower transthyretin (effect size 0.34, p = 0.007), ALT (effect size 0.34, p = 0.008), and AST (effect size 0.26, p = 0.037) concentrations, compared to those with normal muscle mass. SMI was associated with inflammation-corrected ALT (r = 0.261, p = 0.039) and with inflammation- and age-adjusted AST/ALT ratio (r = -0.257, p = 0.044). Albumin and C-terminal agrin fragment were not associated with muscle mass indices. Conclusion Circulatory transthyretin, ALT and AST were associated with low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Low concentrations of these biomarkers might indicate that low muscle mass is partially explained by poor nutrition and high inflammation in this cohort. Targeted treatments to address these factors could be considered for people with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily James
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Nichols
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walker
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair F O'Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Ingle
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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24
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Dawson J, McLean C. Nutrition in Conservative Kidney Management: From Evidence to Practice. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151399. [PMID: 37506469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Conservative kidney management (CKM) is a treatment option for kidney failure, particularly for the elderly and those with co-morbidities. Dietitians can play an important role in the provision of CKM by enhancing patients' quality of life through the management of nutrition impact symptoms (symptoms that result in decreased eating, including anorexia, nausea, dry mouth, and taste changes), as well as symptoms that result from malnutrition, including fatigue, weakness, activity intolerance, slow wound healing, and low mood. There are many gaps in the literature regarding optimal nutritional recommendations for patients on CKM. More research is needed on symptom management and interventions to delay or slow the progression of malnutrition and frailty. This article provides an overview of important nutritional considerations, a synthesis of the current literature, and recommendations for application of evidence into the practice of CKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dawson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Cameron McLean
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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A Magtein ®, Magnesium L-Threonate, -Based Formula Improves Brain Cognitive Functions in Healthy Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245235. [PMID: 36558392 PMCID: PMC9786204 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the most abundant essential minerals in the body. Magnesium supplements mostly have low bioavailability, except magnesium L-threonate. In 2010, a novel magnesium compound, magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) was identified and was shown to raise the magnesium levels in the brain and neurons effectively. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Magtein®PS, a magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®)- and phosphatidylserine-based formulation additionally containing vitamins C and D, was tested for its cognitive benefits in 109 healthy Chinese adults aged 18-65 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either Magtein®PS or placebo (starch) capsules, at a dose of 2 g/day. "The Clinical Memory Test", the standard test commonly used in Chinese hospitals and academic institutes for cognitive evaluation, was administered before and 30 days after subjects received the supplement. Subjects receiving Magtein®PS showed significant improvements over the control group in all five subcategories of "The Clinical Memory Test" as well as the overall memory quotient scores. The older participants showed more improvement than younger participants. Results indicated significant benefits of Magtein®PS in improving memory and cognition in healthy Chinese adults.
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26
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Dong H, Asmolovaite V, Farnaud S, Renshaw D. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy aging people: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005786. [PMID: 36386950 PMCID: PMC9664161 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Designed as a randomized controlled trial, 21 participants (55-85 years) completed the study during May-November 2018 in Coventry, England. The participants were randomized into vitamin D or the control group, stratified by age, gender and body mass index. The vitamin D group (n = 12) took vitamin D3 tablets of 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks plus vitamin D education leaflet, while the control group (n = 9) were only provided with the leaflet. At baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, plasma 25(OH)D levels and immunological and metabolic parameters including phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, lymphocyte subsets and fasting blood glucose and lipid were measured. Dietary vitamin D intake was analyzed at baseline and week 12. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS At baseline, 42.9% of the participants were vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L), only 10% achieved a level of 25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L. Overweight/obese participants (n = 9) had significantly lower mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration (22.3 ± 8.7 nmol/L) than normal weight participants (48.1 ± 34.3 nmol/L) (P = 0.043). There was a significant increase in plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group compared with that in control group (P = 0.002) during the intervention period. The plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group was increased at 6 weeks (from 38.4 ± 37.0 nmol/L at baseline to 51.0 ± 38.2 nmol/L) with little change observed between 6 and 12 weeks (51.8 ± 36.4 nmol/L). The plasma creatinine concentration in vitamin D group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P = 0.036) (79.8 ± 7.0 μmol/L at baseline vs 75.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L at week 12). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was determined on immunological parameters. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common among the aging population in the UK even during the summertime. Vitamin D supplementation at 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma 25(OH)D concentration but showed no effect on metabolic and immunological parameters except decreased plasma creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Honglin Dong,
| | | | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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27
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Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, Adkins Y, Stephensen CB, Thompson B, Zwickey H. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:S1-S26. [PMID: 36183242 PMCID: PMC9526826 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system, with a decline in protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility to infectious disease, and a chronic elevation in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), increasing the risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition is a determinant of immune cell function and of the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota shapes and controls the immune and inflammatory responses. Many older people show changes in the gut microbiota. Age-related changes in immune competence, low-grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis may be interlinked and may relate, at least in part, to age-related changes in nutrition. A number of micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E and zinc and selenium) play roles in supporting the function of many immune cell types. Some trials report that providing these micronutrients as individual supplements can reverse immune deficits in older people and/or in those with insufficient intakes. There is inconsistent evidence that this will reduce the risk or severity of infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, especially by promoting the colonization of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated to modulate some immune and inflammatory biomarkers in older people and, in some cases, to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, although, again, the evidence is inconsistent. Further research with well-designed and well-powered trials in at-risk older populations is required to be more certain about the role of micronutrients and of strategies that modify the gut microbiota-host relationship in protecting against infection, especially respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Frank Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Patients with Venous Ulcers: A Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195683. [PMID: 36233551 PMCID: PMC9570985 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dosage and safety of nutritional supplements for patients with venous ulcers are still not well established. Aim: To evaluate the effects of a high calorie, high protein, arginine-, zinc-, and vitamins A, C, and E-enriched nutritional supplement on the biochemical profile, dietary intake, anthropometry, muscle strength, and characteristics of lesions of patients with venous ulcers. Methods: A controlled before−after clinical trial with a four-week follow-up involved 27 patients with venous ulcers under outpatient treatment in Brazil. It was administered in two to three doses per day (200 mL each) of a high-calorie and high-protein supplement enriched with arginine, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and E. Patients were assessed for anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, biochemical tests, and healing conditions according to the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). Results: It was observed that an increase in energy and protein supply led to an adequate intake of immunonutrients (zinc and vitamins A, C, and E), increased body weight, increased body mass index, and stronger handgrip strength. The injury area and the score on the PUSH notably decreased after the intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The administered supplement, at the tested dosage, improved the nutritional status and characteristics of lesions in patients with venous ulcers.
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Nutritional intake and malnutrition in institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:921-931. [PMID: 34583786 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition (synonym: undernutrition) is prevalent among older adults, which may be partly related to changes in dietary intake, but evidence on the link between malnutrition and diet is scarce. The aims of this study were to estimate the association between energy/nutrients intake and malnutrition, and to characterise nutritional inadequacy in institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults. A national survey was conducted including a Portuguese representative sample of nursing home (NH) residents (n 563) and community-dwellers (n 837) aged ≥ 65 years. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported health, loneliness feelings, nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment®) and dietary intake (two non-consecutive 24-h recalls). A higher energy intake was associated with lower odds of malnutrition risk (being 'at risk of malnutrition' or 'malnourished') in both settings, but only significant among NH residents after adjusting for confounders (NH: OR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·50, 0·86; community: OR = 0·64, 95 % CI 0·37, 1·10). The intake of carbohydrates, fat, fibre, vitamin C, Na, K and Mg was inversely associated with malnutrition risk in NH residents, and protein, fat, vitamin B6, folates, Na, K, Ca and Mg intake in community-dwellers. After additional adjustment for total energy, only Na and Mg intake of community-dwellers remained significantly associated. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was generally higher for the malnutrition risk group, which was particularly evident among community-dwellers. The effect of dietary intake on nutritional status seems more dependent on total energy and carbohydrates intake in institutionalised elders, whereas among community-dwellers protein and some micronutrients appear to have a greater impact.
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Törrönen R, Järvinen S, Kolehmainen M. Postprandial glycemic responses to a high-protein dairy snack and energy-enriched berry snacks in older adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stalling I, Albrecht BM, Foettinger L, Recke C, Bammann K. Meal Patterns of Older Adults: Results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142784. [PMID: 35889741 PMCID: PMC9320477 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have a substantial effect on health, not only because of consumed foods and nutrients, but also because of the regularity of meals. This study investigates meal patterns in older adults. Data from 1198 adults (52.8% female) aged between 65 and 75 years, who resided in Bremen, Germany, were included in this cross-sectional study. Using a self-administered questionnaire, daily meals were assessed and categorised into three meal pattern types: ‘regular eaters’ (eating at least three meals a day), ‘meal skippers’ (skipping one meal a day), and ‘irregular eaters’ (skipping more than one meal a day). Descriptive analyses were carried out, stratified by sex and meal pattern types. Most women and men were regular eaters (51.5% and 51.7%, respectively), 33.8% of women and 33.3% of men were meal skippers, and 14.7% of women and 15.0% of men were irregular eaters. Differences between meal patterns were seen with regard to socioeconomic status; self-rated health; body-mass index; hypertension; consumption of self-prepared meals; and consumption of whole-grain products, green vegetables, meat, and alcohol. The results provide first insights into possible associations between meal patterns and sociodemographic and health factors, and can benefit disease prevention and health promotion in older adults.
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Kaipainen T, Hartikainen S, Tiihonen M, Nykänen I. Effect of individually tailored nutritional counselling on protein and energy intake among older people receiving home care at risk of or having malnutrition: a non-randomised intervention study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 35505290 PMCID: PMC9066874 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With ageing, food intake may decrease and lead to an insufficient nutrient intake causing protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) which is associated with adverse health effects and increased mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of individually tailored dietary counseling focused on protein intake among home care clients with PEM or at risk of developing PEM. The secondary aim was to study the intake of energy and other nutrients. Methods This intervention study is part of the non-randomised population-based multidisciplinary Nutrition, Oral Health and Medication study (NutOrMed study). The intervention group comprised 112 and the control group 87 home care clients (≥75 years) with PEM or risk of PEM. PEM was defined by Mini Nutritional Assessment score < 24 and/or plasma albumin < 35 g/L. The nutrients intake was assessed from 24-hour dietary recall at the baseline and after the six-month intervention. The intervention consisted of an individually tailored dietary counseling; the persons were instructed to increase their food intake with protein and energy dense food items, the number of meals and consumption of protein-, energy- and nutrient-rich snacks for six months. Results After the six-month nutritional intervention, the mean change in protein intake increased 0.04 g/kgBW (95% CI 0.05 to 0.2), fibre 0.8 g (95% CI 0.2 to 4.3), vitamin D 8.5 μg (95% CI 0.7 to 4.4), E 0.6 mg (95% CI 0.4 to 2.2), B12 0.7 μg (95% CI 0.02 to 2.6), folate 8.7 μg (95% CI 1.5 to 46.5), iron 0.4 mg 95% CI 0.6 to 2.4), and zinc 0.5 mg (95% CI 0.6 to 2.2) in the intervention group compared with the control group. The proportion of those receiving less than 1.0 g/kg/BW protein decreased from 67 to 51% in the intervention group and from 84 to 76% in the control group. Among home care clients with a cognitive decline (MMSE< 18), protein intake increased in the intervention group by 0.2 g/kg/BW (p = 0.048) but there was no change in the control group. Conclusion An individual tailored nutritional intervention improves the intake of protein and other nutrients among vulnerable home care clients with PEM or its risk and in persons with cognitive decline. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02214758. Date of trial registration: 12/08/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kaipainen
- Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Hartikainen
- Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Tiihonen
- Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irma Nykänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Sakai Y, Rahayu YYS, Araki T. Nutritional Value of Canteen Menus and Dietary Habits and Intakes of University Students in Indonesia. Nutrients 2022; 14:1911. [PMID: 35565878 PMCID: PMC9105855 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of the dietary status of university students in Indonesia is lacking. Hence, this study aims to assess students' dietary habits, status, and the nutritive value of meals offered at university canteens. This was a cross-sectional study based on the dietary habits of 333 students, 26 of whom were interviewed for the dietary survey. The nutritional value of canteen menus used by nearly half of the students (44%) was also examined. Most menus lacked macro and micronutrients (i.e., calcium, 15.5%) and were high in salt (181.5%). BMIs showed malnutrition among students (38.5%). The protein, fat, carbohydrate (PFC) ratio showed a high proportion of fat (32.4%) in the diets of female students. The level of salt intake (96.2%) was above the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Most students had unhealthy dietary patterns, including a high consumption of sweet beverages and instant noodles and a low intake of fruits, vegetables, animal protein, and milk. The lack of nutrients in canteen menus might lead to a nutrient deficiency among the students, which underlines the important role of canteens in the students' dietary intake. Optimizing the nutritional profile of menus, labeling based on nutrient profiling, and promoting nutrition education should be addressed to improve students' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sakai
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Yen Yen Sally Rahayu
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Araki
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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Nakamoto M, Kanmura M, Yoshida M, Tanaka Y, Ono S, Iwasaki Y, Nakamoto A, Sakai T. Validity of dietary diversity assessed using short-form questionnaire among older Japanese community dwellers. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 69:31-37. [PMID: 35466143 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.69.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The validity of dietary variety score (DVS) using a short-form questionnaire has not been investigated using dietary diversity based on a quantitative distribution of consumed foods in older Japanese. We examined the association between DVS and objective dietary diversity using a Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity (QUANTIDD) based on the quantitative distribution of foods consumed by older Japanese community dwellers. The subjects were 65 older Japanese community dwellers aged 60?79 years. We used two kinds of scores for assessment of dietary diversity. At first, dietary diversity was determined using DVS calculated from answers to a questionnaire about frequencies of intake of 10 food groups. Second, dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record with photographs, and dietary diversity was determined using QUANTIDD. The relationships between DVS and QUANTIDD were assessed using partial correlation coefficients controlling for confounders. The correlation coefficient between DVS and QUANTIDD was moderate (r=0.212-0.458). After controlling for confounders, those correlation coefficient between DVS and QUANTIDD remained moderate. The findings suggest that there was a moderate relationship between DVS and QUANTIDD, and DVS using a short-form questionnaire may be useful for assessing dietary diversity in older Japanese community dwellers. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 31-37, February, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miku Kanmura
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mai Yoshida
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satomi Ono
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwasaki
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Stretton B, Kovoor JG, Vanlint A, Maddern G, Thompson CH. Perioperative micronutrients, macroscopic benefits? J Perioper Pract 2022; 33:92-98. [PMID: 35445613 DOI: 10.1177/17504589221091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
'Micronutrients' are vitamins and minerals vital for healthy metabolic function, wound healing and disease and infection prevention. Micronutrients may play a role in significantly improving postoperative recovery and indices of patient comfort; however, minimal research exists for surgical patients. Furthermore, current guidelines on perioperative nutrition have a macronutrient focus which may fail to guide detection and treatment of the subclinical micronutrient deficiency in a patient who is not obviously malnourished. Limited research into supplementation of some micronutrient deficiencies shows favourable results; however, given the financial implications of wound care, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and possible benefits from attention to micronutrition for postoperative recovery, further research into this area is urgently warranted. Interventions to guide optimal future clinical practice are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Stretton
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua G Kovoor
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Vanlint
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Campbell H Thompson
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Graybeal AJ, Kreutzer A, Willis JL, Moss K, Braun-Trocchio R, Shah M. Age Drives the Differences in Dietary Supplement Use in Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cyclists, Runners, and Triathletes. J Diet Suppl 2022:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2056670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Graybeal
- School of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Andreas Kreutzer
- Department of Kinesiology, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jada L. Willis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kamiah Moss
- Department of Kinesiology, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Robyn Braun-Trocchio
- Department of Kinesiology, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Meena Shah
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Dewiasty E, Agustina R, Saldi SRF, Pramudita A, Hinssen F, Kumaheri M, de Groot LCPGM, Setiati S. Malnutrition Prevalence and Nutrient Intakes of Indonesian Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:780003. [PMID: 35284453 PMCID: PMC8912970 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.780003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intake are associated with functional decline, frailty, and bad clinical outcomes among community-dwelling older adults. Despite the growing proportion of the elderly population in Indonesia, data on the prevalence of malnutrition and adequacy of macronutrient and micronutrient intakes among Indonesian older adults are scattered and vary between studies. Therefore, our study aims to obtain data on malnutrition prevalence, level and distribution of nutrient intakes, and prevalence of macronutrient and micronutrient inadequacies in Indonesian community-dwelling older adults. Methods We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and registered in PROSPERO. A systematic electronic database search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, ProQuest, HINARI, IMSEAR, GARUDA, and Indonesian Publication Index was undertaken. Additional searches were conducted in gray literature sources, hand-searching, retrospective searching, and personal communication with authors of the relevant publication. Observational studies presenting the malnutrition prevalence of habitual dietary intakes of older adults (60 years or older) were included. The risk of bias of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal form. Sex-specific mean (and standard deviation) habitual macronutrient and a selection of micronutrients (calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) intakes were extracted from each article to calculate the percentage of older people who were at risk for inadequate micronutrient intakes using a proxy of estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, which is calculated from the national guideline of recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Prevalence of malnutrition, based on body mass index (BMI) categories and mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) criteria. and the population at risk of malnutrition were presented descriptively. Results Nine studies retrieved from electronic databases and gray literature were included in the pooled systematic analysis. According to BMI criteria, the underweight prevalence ranged from 8.0 to 26.6%. According to the MNA, the prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 2.1 to 14.6%, whereby the prevalence of at risk of malnutrition amounted to 18–78%. Our systematic review identified a high prevalence of nutrient inadequacies, most markedly for protein, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Conclusion We signal a high risk of malnutrition along with poor macronutrients and micronutrients intakes among Indonesian community-dwelling older adults. These findings provide important and robust evidence on the magnitude of malnutrition and nutrient inadequacy concerns that call for appropriate nutrition, as well as public health policies and prompt intervention. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018102268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esthika Dewiasty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Esthika Dewiasty ; ;
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rizny F. Saldi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arvin Pramudita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fenna Hinssen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Meutia Kumaheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Siti Setiati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Delving the role of nutritional psychiatry to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 120:25-35. [PMID: 35002078 PMCID: PMC8720048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distressing COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on public mental health, and the importance of food and nutrients in several aspects of mental health has been recognized. People in isolation or quarantine suffer from severe stress, anger, panic attack, and anxiety. SCOPE AND APPROACH Although, people who have improved and progressed through medications or vaccines have reduced anxiety levels to some extent yet the efficacy of these measures, in the long run, remains a question. The review depicts that such negative emotional reactions were particularly higher in elderly individuals in the first wave than in other phases. The emotional and behavioral response to the COVID-19 pandemic is multifactorial. From different research studies, it has been found that stress scores were considerably higher for those engaging in unhealthy eating practices. This factor relies not only on external components but on personal and innate ones as well. In the present pandemic, the sustainable development of the food system would have been a major issue; this should be carefully restored to avoid a food crisis in the future. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Changes in mind-body interactions are triggered by psychosocial stresses such as interpersonal loss and social rejection. Physiological response (in terms of psychological stress) in COVID-19 affected patients varies due to individual physical health status. This review explores the relationship between nutrition and mental health as what we eat and think is interlinked with the gut-brain-axis. The role of dietary components along with the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and use of psychobiotics in improving psychological distress in pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression has also been discussed.
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Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Determining Nutrient Intake in Older Adults in New Zealand: The REACH Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030519. [PMID: 35276880 PMCID: PMC8838043 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake is an important predictor of health and disease outcomes. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing energy and nutrient intake in older adults. Dietary data were collected 2018–2019 in Auckland, New Zealand from a convenience sample of community-dwelling adults (65–74 years, n = 294, 37% male) using a 109-item self-administered FFQ at baseline (FFQ1) and four weeks later to assess reproducibility. FFQ1 was compared to a four-day food record to determine relative validity. Agreement between dietary assessment tools was assessed for both raw and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes using paired t-tests, correlation coefficients, weighted kappa statistic, Bland–Altman plots, and linear regression analysis. Energy adjustments moderately improved the relative validity and reproducibility for most nutrients. For energy and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, the mean correlation coefficients were 0.38 (validity) and 0.65 (reproducibility); the mean weighted kappa statistics were 0.27 (validity) and 0.51 (reproducibility). A significant slope of bias was present in 54% (validity) and 25% (reproducibility) of Bland–Altman plots. The Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH) FFQ has acceptable relative validity and good reproducibility for ranking nutrient intakes in older New Zealand adults, but is less suitable for assessing absolute nutrient intakes.
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Gana W, De Luca A, Debacq C, Poitau F, Poupin P, Aidoud A, Fougère B. Analysis of the Impact of Selected Vitamins Deficiencies on the Risk of Disability in Older People. Nutrients 2021; 13:3163. [PMID: 34579039 PMCID: PMC8469089 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies have a serious impact on healthy aging in older people. Many age-related disorders have a direct or indirect impact on nutrition, both in terms of nutrient assimilation and food access, which may result in vitamin deficiencies and may lead to or worsen disabilities. Frailty is characterized by reduced functional abilities, with a key role of malnutrition in its pathogenesis. Aging is associated with various changes in body composition that lead to sarcopenia. Frailty, aging, and sarcopenia all favor malnutrition, and poor nutritional status is a major cause of geriatric morbidity and mortality. In the present narrative review, we focused on vitamins with a significant risk of deficiency in high-income countries: D, C, and B (B6/B9/B12). We also focused on vitamin E as the main lipophilic antioxidant, synergistic to vitamin C. We first discuss the role and needs of these vitamins, the prevalence of deficiencies, and their causes and consequences. We then look at how these vitamins are involved in the biological pathways associated with sarcopenia and frailty. Lastly, we discuss the critical early diagnosis and management of these deficiencies and summarize potential ways of screening malnutrition. A focused nutritional approach might improve the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and the initiation of appropriate clinical interventions for reducing the risk of frailty. Further comprehensive research programs on nutritional interventions are needed, with a view to lowering deficiencies in older people and thus decreasing the risk of frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Gana
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- Nutrition Mobile Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France;
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Camille Debacq
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Fanny Poitau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
| | - Pierre Poupin
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Amal Aidoud
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Bertrand Fougère
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Education, Ethics, Health (EA 7505), Tours University, 37000 Tours, France
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Liu Z, Jiang H, Townsend JH, Wang J. Effects of Ocufolin on retinal microvasculature in patients with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy carrying polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002327. [PMID: 34521653 PMCID: PMC8442067 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate effects of Ocufolin on retinal microvasculature in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients who carried methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms (DR+MTHFRP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a prospective cohort study. Eight DR+MTHFRP (administrated Ocufolin for 6 months) and 15 normal controls (NCs) were recruited. MTHFR polymorphisms were subtyped as normal, C677T, or A1298C. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated. Retinal vessel density (VD) and microstructure were evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography. RESULTS BCVA and vascular indices of DR+MTHFRP at baseline were worse than those of NC and improved. Compared with baseline, DR+MTHFRP had significantly improved BCVA during follow-up period (p<0.05). VD of superficial vascular plexus was increased at 4 months (p=0.012), while VD of retinal vascular network did not change (p>0.05). Carriers of A1298C and C677T showed statistically significant increase in VD at all layers by 6 months, while carriers of C677T alone showed no significant change and carriers of A1298C alone showed decreased density from 4 months to 6 months. Microstructure did not change during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION A 6-month intake of Ocufolin is capable of reversing structural changes of microangiopathy in mild non-proliferative DR+MTHFRP. This suggests a novel way to address these impairments prior to catastrophic vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Justin H Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Chong RQ, Gelissen I, Chaar B, Penm J, Cheung JMY, Harnett JE. Do medicines commonly used by older adults impact their nutrient status? EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 3:100067. [PMID: 35480616 PMCID: PMC9031754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic health conditions and polypharmacy are common among the older population and associated with increased risks of adverse events, medicine-interactions, geriatric syndromes, falls and mortality. Poor nutrition is also common in older people. Causal associations between medication use and older people's nutrient status is seldom discussed. Objectives The objectives of this review were to summarise the literature reporting associations between medicines commonly prescribed to older adults and nutrient deficiencies, and to discuss the clinical implications and management. Methods Medicine information resources (n = 5) were searched for information about nutrient deficiencies associated with common medicines used by older people and listed within the top 50 medicines prescribed by volume on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. This was followed by a search for clinical studies published on PubMed from inception to April 2020. Data was extracted, tabulated and summarised with clinical information relevant to pharmacists and clinicians involved in the care of older people taking medicines. Results A total of 23 clinical studies were identified reporting medicine-induced nutrient deficiencies in older adults. Vitamin B12, sodium, magnesium were identified as the 3 main nutrients susceptible to deficiency by medicines used to treat cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, and diabetes. The coenzyme CoQ10 was depleted by statins.Conclusion: Certain medicines commonly prescribed to older adults are associated with nutrient deficiencies that may be clinically significant. Given the high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy it is possible that some of these individual drug-induced nutrient deficiencies are compounded, warranting both clinical and research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qi Chong
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ingrid Gelissen
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Betty Chaar
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Penm
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet MY Cheung
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna E. Harnett
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Exploring trajectories in dietary adequacy of the B vitamins folate, riboflavin, vitamins B 6 and B 12, with advancing older age: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:449-459. [PMID: 33118888 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining nutritional adequacy contributes to successful ageing. B vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism regulation (folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12) are critical nutrients contributing to homocysteine and epigenetic regulation. Although cross-sectional B vitamin intake in ageing populations is characterised, longitudinal changes are infrequently reported. This systematic review explores age-related changes in dietary adequacy of folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12 in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years at follow-up). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases (MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL) were systematically screened, yielding 1579 records; eight studies were included (n 3119 participants, 2–25 years of follow-up). Quality assessment (modified Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale) rated all of moderate–high quality. The estimated average requirement cut-point method estimated the baseline and follow-up population prevalence of dietary inadequacy. Riboflavin (seven studies, n 1953) inadequacy progressively increased with age; the prevalence of inadequacy increased from baseline by up to 22·6 and 9·3 % in males and females, respectively. Dietary folate adequacy (three studies, n 2321) improved in two studies (by up to 22·4 %), but the third showed increasing (8·1 %) inadequacy. Evidence was similarly limited (two studies, respectively) and inconsistent for vitamins B6 (n 559; −9·9 to 47·9 %) and B12 (n 1410; −4·6 to 7·2 %). This review emphasises the scarcity of evidence regarding micronutrient intake changes with age, highlighting the demand for improved reporting of longitudinal changes in nutrient intake that can better direct micronutrient recommendations for older adults. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018104364).
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Pereira MHQ, Pereira MLAS, Campos GC, Molina MCB. Food insecurity and nutritional status among older adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:631-644. [PMID: 34338784 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Food insecurity (FI), characterized by difficulty or inability to access adequate food, has become a public health problem. OBJECTIVE To analyze studies relating FI with nutritional status (NS) among older adults and the associated factors. DATA SEARCH Articles published up to June 2020 were investigated in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science. The search, selection, extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out by 2 reviewers. DATA EXTRACTION The authors identified characteristics of the studies and the main data regarding the relationship of interest. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included in the review and their characteristics are summarized and presented using narrative synthesis. In 10 studies (45.4%), a relationship was observed between FI and malnutrition; in another 6 (27.3%), a relationship was observed between FI and being overweight. CONCLUSION A relationship was identified between FI, especially severe forms, and malnutrition, as well as between FI, especially mild forms, and people being overweight. Thus, FI among older adults relates to a 2-fold burden of nutritional outcomes, depending on the level. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlus H Q Pereira
- M.H.Q. Pereira and M.L.A.S. Pereira are with Center of Biological and Health, Science, Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. M.H.Q. Pereira, M.L.A.S. Pereira, and M.C.B. Molina are with the Postgraduate Program in Collective Heath, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. G.C. Campos is with the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. M.C.B. Molina is with the Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria L A S Pereira
- M.H.Q. Pereira and M.L.A.S. Pereira are with Center of Biological and Health, Science, Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. M.H.Q. Pereira, M.L.A.S. Pereira, and M.C.B. Molina are with the Postgraduate Program in Collective Heath, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. G.C. Campos is with the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. M.C.B. Molina is with the Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Glaucia C Campos
- M.H.Q. Pereira and M.L.A.S. Pereira are with Center of Biological and Health, Science, Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. M.H.Q. Pereira, M.L.A.S. Pereira, and M.C.B. Molina are with the Postgraduate Program in Collective Heath, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. G.C. Campos is with the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. M.C.B. Molina is with the Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria C B Molina
- M.H.Q. Pereira and M.L.A.S. Pereira are with Center of Biological and Health, Science, Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. M.H.Q. Pereira, M.L.A.S. Pereira, and M.C.B. Molina are with the Postgraduate Program in Collective Heath, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. G.C. Campos is with the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. M.C.B. Molina is with the Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Inui T, Hanley B, Tee ES, Nishihira J, Tontisirin K, Van Dael P, Eggersdorfer M. The Role of Micronutrients in Ageing Asia: What Can Be Implemented with the Existing Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:2222. [PMID: 34209491 PMCID: PMC8308403 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy as a measure of population health does not reflect years of healthy life. The average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled since 1900 and is now above 70 years. In the Asia-Pacific region, the proportion of aged people in the population is expected to double between 2017 and 2050. Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, which consequently affects quality of life. Suboptimal nutritional status is a contributing factor to the prevalence and severity of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic and ophthalmological functions. We have reviewed the published literature on nutrition and healthy ageing as it applies to the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on vitamins, minerals/trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids. Optimal nutritional status needs to start before a senior age is reached and before the consequences of the disease process are irreversible. Based on the nutritional status and health issues in the senior age in the region, micronutrients of particular importance are vitamins A, D, E, C, B-12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. The present paper substantiates the creation of micronutrient guidelines and proposes actions to support the achievement of optimal nutritional status as contribution to healthy ageing for Asia-Pacific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Inui
- DSM Nutritional Products, Tokyo 105-0011, Japan
| | - Bryan Hanley
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Oral Microbial Ecology, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - E Siong Tee
- Nutrition Society of Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 46150, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan;
| | - Kraisid Tontisirin
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhorn Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Peter Van Dael
- DSM Nutritional Products, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland;
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis C and its Relationship with Frailty in Older Hospitalised Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062117. [PMID: 34203044 PMCID: PMC8235098 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is common in older hospitalised patients and may be associated with micronutrient malnutrition. Only limited studies have explored the relationship between frailty and vitamin C deficiency. This study investigated the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency and its association with frailty severity in patients ≥75 years admitted under a geriatric unit. Patients (n = 160) with a mean age of 84.4 ± 6.4 years were recruited and underwent frailty assessment by use of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS). Patients with an EFS score <10 were classified as non-frail/vulnerable/mildly frail and those with ≥10 as moderate–severely frail. Patients with vitamin C levels between 11–28 μmol/L were classified as vitamin C depleted while those with levels <11 μmol/L were classified as vitamin C deficient. A multivariate logistic regression model determined the relationship between vitamin C deficiency and frailty severity after adjustment for various co-variates. Fifty-seven (35.6%) patients were vitamin C depleted, while 42 (26.3%) had vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C levels were significantly lower among patients who were moderate–severely frail when compared to those who were non-frail/vulnerable/mildly frail (p < 0.05). After adjusted analysis, vitamin C deficiency was 4.3-fold more likely to be associated with moderate–severe frailty (aOR 4.30, 95% CI 1.33-13.86, p = 0.015). Vitamin C deficiency is common and is associated with a greater severity of frailty in older hospitalised patients.
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Abstract
In an ageing society, the preservation of health and function is becoming increasingly important. The present paper acknowledges that ageing is malleable and focuses on diets and key nutritional concerns later in life. It presents evidence for the importance of healthful dietary patterns and points towards specific nutritional concerns later in life and conveys three main messages: (1) considering health maintenance and malnutrition risk, both dietary quality in terms of healthful dietary patterns and dietary quantity are important later in life, (2) ageing-related changes in nutrient physiology and metabolism contribute to the risk of inadequacies or deficiencies for specific nutrients, e.g. vitamin D, vitamin B12 and protein and (3) that current food-based dietary guidelines propagate a shift into the direction of Mediterranean type of diets including more plant-based foods. Limited scientific evidence on nutritional requirements of older adults, along with envisaged shifts towards diets rich in plant foods, are challenges that need to be addressed in order to develop tailored nutritional recommendations and dietary guidance for older adults.
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Yin Y, Wang D, Ma C, Yu S, Xie S, Cheng Q, Qiu L. Establishing reference intervals for vitamins A and E in Chinese elderly people using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23726. [PMID: 33559895 PMCID: PMC8059746 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins A and E play important roles in sustaining life activities and maintaining a good physical condition. However, most people, particularly the elderly, experience micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for vitamins A and E in Chinese elderly people using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. METHODS A total of 356 apparently healthy individuals aged ≥64 years who underwent health checkups were randomly selected for the study. Vitamin A and E levels were measured using LC-MS/MS. The effect of sex on vitamin A and E levels was evaluated, and RIs were established using a parametric method. RESULTS Females showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E than males (p < 0.05). However, no significant sex-specific difference was observed with vitamin A levels. The RI for vitamin A in the elderly was 0.283-0.730 mg/L. For vitamin E, the RIs were 4.39-15.63, 4.51-16.14, and 4.41-14.67 mg/L for the total, female, and male participants, respectively. In multiple linear regression, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, urea, glucose, and uric acid levels increased with increasing vitamin A levels (p < 0.05), and total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased with increasing vitamin E levels (p < 0.05). Direct bilirubin levels decreased with increasing vitamin E levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study established RIs for vitamins A and E in Chinese elderly individuals using an LC-MS/MS method. We also found that females had significantly higher vitamin E levels than males. The findings could provide a scientific basis for interpreting vitamin status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Yin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Danchen Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
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Kehoe L, Walton J, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Flynn A. Energy, Macronutrients, Dietary Fibre and Salt Intakes in Older Adults in Ireland: Key Sources and Compliance with Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030876. [PMID: 33800312 PMCID: PMC8001736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is rapidly ageing. Adequate nutritional status can play a key role in preventing or delaying the progression of age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fibre and salt in order to determine compliance with recommendations and to identify the sources of these nutrients in older adults (≥65 years) in Ireland. This study is based on data from the cohort of older adults aged ≥65 years (n = 226) in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008-2010) which estimated food and nutrient intakes in a representative sample of adults 18-90 years using a 4 day weighed food record. This study found that while intakes of macronutrients are generally sufficient in this population group, older adults in Ireland have high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and low intakes of dietary fibre. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt) to support successful ageing of our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kehoe
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-3387
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.M.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.M.); (A.P.N.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
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Croisier E, Hughes J, Duncombe S, Grafenauer S. Back in Time for Breakfast: An Analysis of the Changing Breakfast Cereal Aisle. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020489. [PMID: 33540761 PMCID: PMC7912995 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast cereal improves overall diet quality yet is under constant scrutiny with assertions that the category has not improved over time. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the category of breakfast cereals, the nutritional values, and health claims across eight distinct sub-categories at four time points (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). An audit of products from four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (Aldi, Coles, IGA, and Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information, claims and Health Star Rating (HSR) for biscuits and bites; brans; bubbles, puffs, and flakes; granola and clusters; hot cereal flavoured; hot cereal plain; muesli; breakfast biscuits. The median (IQR) were calculated for energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and sodium for comparisons over time points by nutrient. Data from 2013 was compared with 2020 (by sub-category and then for a sub-section of common products available at each time point). Product numbers between 2013 (n = 283) and 2020 (n = 543) almost doubled, led by granola and clusters. Whole grain cereals ≥ 8 g/serve made up 67% of products (↑114%). While there were positive changes in nutrient composition over time within the full data set, the most notable changes were in the nutrition composition of cereals marketed as the same product in both years (n = 134); with decreases in mean carbohydrate (2%), sugar (10%) and sodium (16%) (p < 0.000), while protein and total fat increased significantly (p = 0.036; p = 0.021). Claims regarding Dietary Fibre and Whole Grain doubled since 2013. Analysis of sub-categories of breakfast cereal assisted in identifying some changes over time, but products common to both timeframes provided a clearer analysis of change within the breakfast category, following introduction of HSR. Whole grain products were lower in the two target nutrients, sodium and sugars, and well-chosen products represent a better choice within this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Croisier
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (E.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Jaimee Hughes
- Grains & Legumes Nutrition Council, 1 Rivett Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Stephanie Duncombe
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (E.C.); (S.D.)
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sara Grafenauer
- Grains & Legumes Nutrition Council, 1 Rivett Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia;
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-401-265-142
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