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Li S, Liu W, Li Y, Che X, Xiao P, Liu S, Ma Y, Ren D, Wu L, Wang Q, He Y. Extraction, purification, structural characterization and anti-hyperlipidemia activity of fucoidan from Laminaria digitata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135223. [PMID: 39241999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Laminaria digitata is a high-quality seaweed resource that is widely cultured and has good application prospects. In this study, Laminaria digitata fucoidan (LF) was extracted from Laminaria digitata, and purified using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow gel column to obtain four different grades. Among those, LF4 (Mw:165 kDa), mainly composed of fucose(56.80 %), had the highest total sugar (66.91 %) and sulfate (17.07 %) content. FT-RT and NMR results showed that LF4 was mainly composed of galactosylated galactofucose, and has a sulfate group attached to fucose C4. With the animal experimentation, it was revealed that hyperlipidaemic mice had significantly higher levels of TC (5.52 mmol/L), TG (2.28 mmol/L) and LDL-C (5.12 mmol/L) and significantly lower levels of HDL-C (2 mmol/L). However, LF had the efficacy in modulating the lipid metabolism disturbances induced by hyperlipidemia, as well as the ability to regulate cholesterol transport in serum. Moreover, it regulated AMPK/ACC, PPAR-α/LAXRa, Nrf2/Nqo1, TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway genes and proteins expression in the liver. In addition, it promoted the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) while improving the composition and structure of gut microbiota, including balancing the abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella and NK4A136. The results clearly indicated that LF4 could significantly ameliorate hyperlipidemia, suggesting its prospective application as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinyi Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yichao Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiukuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yunhai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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2
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Li RL, Kang S. Rewriting cellular fate: epigenetic interventions in obesity and cellular programming. Mol Med 2024; 30:169. [PMID: 39390356 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
External constraints, such as development, disease, and environment, can induce changes in epigenomic patterns that may profoundly impact the health trajectory of fetuses and neonates into adulthood, influencing conditions like obesity. Epigenetic modifications encompass processes including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and RNA-mediated regulation. Beyond forward cellular differentiation (cell programming), terminally differentiated cells are reverted to a pluripotent or even totipotent state, that is, cellular reprogramming. Epigenetic modulators facilitate or erase histone and DNA modifications both in vivo and in vitro during programming and reprogramming. Noticeably, obesity is a complex metabolic disorder driven by both genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression involved in adipogenesis, energy homeostasis, and metabolic pathways. Hence, we discuss the mechanisms by which epigenetic interventions influence obesity, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. We also analyze the methodologies that have been pivotal in uncovering these epigenetic regulations, i.e., Large-scale screening has been instrumental in identifying genes and pathways susceptible to epigenetic control, particularly in the context of adipogenesis and metabolic homeostasis; Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a high-resolution view of gene expression patterns at the individual cell level, revealing the heterogeneity and dynamics of epigenetic regulation during cellular differentiation and reprogramming; Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, focused on candidate genes, have been crucial for characterizing histone modifications and transcription factor binding at specific genomic loci, thereby elucidating the epigenetic mechanisms that govern cellular programming; Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and cell fusion techniques have been employed to study the epigenetic reprogramming accompanying cloning and the generation of hybrid cells with pluripotent characteristics, etc. These approaches have been instrumental in identifying specific epigenetic marks and pathways implicated in obesity, providing a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Understanding the dynamic interplay between epigenetic regulation and cellular programming is crucial for advancing mechanism and clinical management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Jimo Road 150, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Sheng Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Jimo Road 150, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Tafreshi AS, Doost AH, Tabesh M, Abolhasani M, Amini A, Saidpour A. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation Added to a Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition, Eating Behavior, and Related Hormone Levels in Patients with Food Addiction and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obes Surg 2024; 34:3181-3194. [PMID: 39117856 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery is a common problem. Food addiction is an eating disorder that can be one of the reasons for weight regain in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation with a weight loss program and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, food addiction, and related hormone levels, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. Participants (n = 50) received a weight loss program and CBT plus probiotic, or placebo for 12 weeks. Then, anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior, and food addiction were assessed. RESULTS Weight and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the probiotic group compared to placebo (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, respectively). Fat mass was significantly decreased in the probiotic group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed in the probiotic group's eating behavior and food addiction compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Serum levels of leptin decreased significantly (p = 0.02), and oxytocin serum levels increased significantly (p = 0.008) in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Adding probiotic supplements to the weight loss program and CBT is superior to the weight loss program and CBT alone in improving weight loss, eating behavior, and food addiction in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmat Doost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1136746911, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1136746911, Iran
| | - Amin Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Lin X, Han H, Wang N, Wang C, Qi M, Wang J, Liu G. The Gut Microbial Regulation of Epigenetic Modification from a Metabolic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7175. [PMID: 39000282 PMCID: PMC11241073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health challenge that has received increasing attention in contemporary research. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of obesity, primarily through its involvement in regulating various host metabolic processes. Recent research suggests that epigenetic modifications may serve as crucial pathways through which the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Hence, understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for elucidating the impact of obesity on the host. This review primarily focuses on the understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with epigenetic mechanisms in several obesity-related pathogenic mechanisms, including energy dysregulation, metabolic inflammation, and maternal inheritance. These findings could serve as novel therapeutic targets for probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation tools in treating metabolic disruptions. It may also aid in developing therapeutic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, thereby regulating the metabolic characteristics of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ming Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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5
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Hamamah S, Hajnal A, Covasa M. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Implication on Brain and Peripheral Targets. Nutrients 2024; 16:1071. [PMID: 38613104 PMCID: PMC11013759 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a significant global health challenge, with bariatric surgery remaining as one of the most effective treatments for severe obesity and its related comorbidities. This review highlights the multifaceted impact of bariatric surgery beyond mere physical restriction or nutrient malabsorption, underscoring the importance of the gut microbiome and neurohormonal signals in mediating the profound effects on weight loss and behavior modification. The various bariatric surgery procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), act through distinct mechanisms to alter the gut microbiome, subsequently impacting metabolic health, energy balance, and food reward behaviors. Emerging evidence has shown that bariatric surgery induces profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, notably altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing populations of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. These microbiota shifts have far-reaching effects beyond gut health, influencing dopamine-mediated reward pathways in the brain and modulating the secretion and action of key gut hormones including ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1, PYY, and CCK. The resultant changes in dopamine signaling and hormone levels contribute to reduced hedonic eating, enhanced satiety, and improved metabolic outcomes. Further, post-bariatric surgical effects on satiation targets are in part mediated by metabolic byproducts of gut microbiota like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, which play a pivotal role in modulating metabolism and energy expenditure and reducing obesity-associated inflammation, as well as influencing food reward pathways, potentially contributing to the regulation of body weight and reduction in hedonic eating behaviors. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to developing non-surgical interventions that replicate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on the gut microbiome, dopamine signaling, and gut hormone regulation, offering new avenues for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 7200229 Suceava, Romania
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Rasaei N, Heidari M, Esmaeili F, Khosravi S, Baeeri M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Emamgholipour S. The effects of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on overweight/obesity indicators: an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1277921. [PMID: 38572479 PMCID: PMC10987746 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1277921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses. Methods All meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included. The meta-analysis of observational and systematic review studies without meta-analysis were excluded. We reported the results by implementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence. Results Overall, 97 meta-analysis studies were included. Most studies were conducted on the effect of probiotics in both genders. Consumption of prebiotic: 8-66 g/day, probiotic: 104 -1.35×1015 colony-forming unit (CFU)/day, and synbiotic: 106-1.5×1011 CFU/day and 0.5-300 g/day for 2 to 104 weeks showed a favorable effect on the overweight/obesity indicators. Moreover, an inverse association was observed between biotics consumption and overweight/obesity risk in adults in most of the studies. Biotics did not show any beneficial effect on weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women by 6.6×105-1010 CFU/day of probiotics during 1-25 weeks and 1×109-112.5×109 CFU/capsule of synbiotics during 4-8 weeks. The effect of biotics on weight and BMI in infants is predominantly non-significant. Prebiotics and probiotics used in infancy were from 0.15 to 0.8 g/dL and 2×106-6×109 CFU/day for 2-24 weeks, respectively. Conclusion It seems biotics consumption can result in favorable impacts on some anthropometric indices of overweight/obesity (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) in the general population, without any significant effects on birth weight or weight gain during pregnancy and infancy. So, it is recommended to intake the biotics as complementary medications for reducing anthropometric indices of overweight/obese adults. However, more well-designed trials are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Khosravi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Andreani NA, Sharma A, Dahmen B, Specht HE, Mannig N, Ruan V, Keller L, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Dempfle A, Seitz J. Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: microbiome-related factors associated with clinical outcome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2304158. [PMID: 38294867 PMCID: PMC10832965 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2304158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence regarding the role of gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous studies have reported that patients with AN show dysbiosis compared to healthy controls (HCs); however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and data on influencing factors and longitudinal course of microbiome changes are scarce. Here, we present longitudinal data of 57 adolescent inpatients diagnosed with AN at up to nine time points (including a 1-year follow-up examination) and compare these to up to six time points in 34 HCs. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the microbiome composition of fecal samples, and data on food intake, weight change, hormonal recovery (leptin levels), and clinical outcomes were recorded. Differences in microbiome composition compared to HCs were greatest during acute starvation and in the low-weight group, while diminishing with weight gain and especially weight recovery at the 1-year follow-up. Illness duration and prior weight loss were strongly associated with microbiome composition at hospital admission, whereas microbial changes during treatment were associated with kilocalories consumed, weight gain, and hormonal recovery. The microbiome at admission was prognostic for hospital readmission, and a higher abundance of Sutterella was associated with a higher body weight at the 1-year follow-up. Identifying these clinically important factors further underlines the potential relevance of gut microbial changes and may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of gut-brain interactions in AN. The characterization of prognostically relevant taxa could be useful to stratify patients at admission and to potentially identify candidate taxa for future supplementation studies aimed at improving AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arunabh Sharma
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah E. Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ruan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Islam MM, Islam MM, Rahman MA, Ripon MAR, Hossain MS. Gut microbiota in obesity and related complications: Unveiling the complex interplay. Life Sci 2023; 334:122211. [PMID: 38084672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity epidemic has escalated into a serious public health catastrophe that is only getting worse. However, research into the pathophysiological pathways behind the obesity development and the illnesses that it is associated with is ongoing. In the last decades, it is now clear that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the genesis and progression of obesity and obesity-related illnesses, particularly changes in its metabolites and composition as obesity progresses. Here, we provide a summary of the processes by which variations in gut metabolite levels and the composition of gut microbiota affect obesity and associated disorders. The bacteria residing in the gut release several chemicals that influence the appetite control, metabolism, and other systems. Since it can either encourage or restrict the deposition of fat in several different ways, the gut microbiota's role in obesity is debatable. Additionally, we go over potential therapeutic approaches that could be utilized to alter gut microbiota composition and focus on the important metabolic pathways associated with obesity and metabolic disorders linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Ripon
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
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9
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Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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10
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Soltani S, Ashoori M, Dehghani F, Meshkini F, Clayton ZS, Abdollahi S. Effects of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on body weight in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 37085813 PMCID: PMC10120130 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric measures in adults with diabetes, independent of body weight. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until December 14, 2022. The effect sizes were pooled using an inverse-variance random-effects model. The methodological quality of studies as well as the quality of evidence was assessed using standard tools. RESULTS Thirty-two RCTs met the established inclusion criteria. Overall, compared with the respective control groups, probiotic/synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.50 kg; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.17; I2 = 79.8%, n = 27 studies]), body mass index (WMD: -0.24 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.09; I2 = 85.7%, n = 30 studies), and waist circumference (WMD: -0.90 cm; 95% CI: -1.13, -0.52; I2 = 0%, n = 11 studies). However, hip circumference and waist to hip ratio were not significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed that probiotic/synbiotic supplementation may assist with weight management in patients with diabetes, especially when consumed at higher doses, in younger adults, and in participants with obesity. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics/synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ashoori
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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11
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Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Abiri B, Zamanian A, Saidpour A. Effects of probiotic supplementation with weight reducing intervention on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:63. [PMID: 37072872 PMCID: PMC10114428 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the unfortunate events after bariatric surgery is the weight regain, which occurs in some patients. Food addiction is an eating disorder related to the brain-intestinal axis and can be effective in weight regain after bariatric surgery. In addition, the gut microbiome plays a vital role in eating behaviors, including food addiction. So, this study will aim to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation with a weight-reducing diet and cognitive behavioral therapy on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels, leptin, oxytocin, and serotonin, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery. METHODS We will carry out a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial for 12 weeks to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation with a weight-reducing diet and cognitive behavioral therapy on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels including leptin, oxytocin, and serotonin, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery. DISCUSSION Based on the available evidence, probiotic supplementation by modifying the intestinal microbiome can improve food addiction and subsequent weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20220406054437N1 Registered on 2022-06-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Longo S, Rizza S, Federici M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2023:10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x. [PMID: 37058160 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this review is to explore the interconnected pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), focusing on the roles of the vagus nerve and glucagon like peptide-1 in appetite control, and in the development of obesity and diabetes. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are metabolic disorders whose prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades and is expected to increase every year, to pandemic proportions. These two pathologies often coexist and have substantial public health implications. The term "diabesity" defines the pathophysiological connection between overweight and T2DM. The gut microbiota affects many aspects of the host. Beyond the regulation of intestinal functions and the activation of immune responses, the gut microbiota plays a role in central nervous system functions (i.e., mood, and psychiatric conditions associated with stress and memory) and is a central regulator of metabolism and appetite. RESULTS The MGBA involves pathways such as the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system, enteroendocrine cells, and microbial metabolites. Notably, the vagus nerve plays an essential role in eating behavior by modulating appetite and learning nutritional preferences. CONCLUSIONS Because of its enteroendocrine cell-mediated interaction with the gut microbiota, the vagus nerve may provide a potential pathway through which gut microorganisms influence host feeding behavior and metabolic control of physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Longo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Ketogenic Diet Combined with Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Ameliorates White Adipose Tissue Mass, Serum Biomarkers, and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010251. [PMID: 36615908 PMCID: PMC9823610 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health issue worldwide. Growing evidence demonstrates the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) for weight loss, but there may be some adverse side effects such as dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Aerobic exercise is a widely recognized approach for improving these metabolic markers. Here we explored the combined impacts of KD and moderate aerobic exercise for an 8-week intervention on body weight and fat loss, serum biomarkers, and hepatic lipid metabolism in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Both KD and KD combined with exercise significantly reduced body weight and fat mass. No significant adverse effects of KD were observed in serum biomarkers or hepatic lipid storage, except for an increase in circulating triglyceride level. However, aerobic exercise lowered serum triglyceride levels, and further ameliorated serum parameters, and hepatic steatosis in KD-fed mice. Moreover, gene and protein expression analysis indicated that KD combined with exercise was associated with increased expression of lipolysis-related genes and protein levels, and reduced expression of lipogenic genes relative to KD without exercise. Overall, our findings for mice indicate that further work on humans might reveal that KD combined with moderate aerobic exercise could be a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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14
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Gut Microbiota Restores Central Neuropeptide Deficits in Germ-Free Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911756. [PMID: 36233056 PMCID: PMC9570469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated the ability of the gut microbiota (GM) to alter the expression and release of gut peptides that control appetite and regulate energy homeostasis. However, little is known about the neuronal response of these hormones in germ-free (GF) animals, especially leptin, which is strikingly low in these animals. Therefore, we aimed to determine the response to exogenous leptin in GF mice as compared to conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. Specifically, we injected and measured serum leptin in both GF and CONV-R mice and measured expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides NPY, AgRP, POMC, and CART in the hypothalamus and hindbrain to examine whether the GM has an impact on central nervous system regulation of energy homeostasis. We found that GF mice had a significant increase in hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression and a decrease in hindbrain NPY and AgRP mRNA, while mRNA expression of POMC and CART remained unchanged. Administration of leptin normalized circulating levels of leptin, GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin, all of which were significantly decreased in GF mice. Finally, brief conventionalization of GF mice for 10 days restored the deficits in hypothalamic and hindbrain neuropeptides present in GF animals. Taken together, these results show that the GM regulates hypothalamic and hindbrain orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptide expression. This is in line with the role of gut microbiota in lipid metabolism and fat deposition that may contribute to excess fat in conventionalized animals under high feeding condition.
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15
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Bagheri S, Zolghadri S, Stanek A. Beneficial Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Controlling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:3985. [PMID: 36235638 PMCID: PMC9572805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has consistently been associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the development of several types of cancer. In recent decades, unfortunately, the rate of overweight/obesity has increased significantly among adults and children. A growing body of evidence shows that there is a relationship between metabolic disorders such as obesity and the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, inflammation is considered to be a driving force in the obesity-gut microbiota connection. Therefore, it seems that anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and/or diets can play an essential role in the management of obesity by affecting the intestinal flora and controlling inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the links between the gut microbiota, obesity, and inflammation, and summarize the benefits of anti-inflammatory diets in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 7414785318, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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16
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Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163326. [PMID: 36014832 PMCID: PMC9414085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia might be driven by rapid socio-economic development through urbanization. Here, we carried out a longitudinal 1-year follow-up study to evaluate the effect of urbanization, an important determinant of health, on metabolic profiles of young Indonesian adults. University freshmen/women in Jakarta, aged 16−25 years, who either had recently migrated from rural areas or originated from urban settings were studied. Anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity, as well as fasting blood glucose and insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at baseline and repeated at one year follow-up. At baseline, 106 urban and 83 rural subjects were recruited, of which 81 urban and 66 rural were followed up. At baseline, rural subjects had better adiposity profiles, whole-body insulin resistance, and adipokine levels compared to their urban counterparts. After 1-year, rural subjects experienced an almost twice higher increase in BMI than urban subjects (estimate (95%CI): 1.23 (0.94; 1.52) and 0.69 (0.43; 0.95) for rural and urban subjects, respectively, Pint < 0.01). Fat intake served as the major dietary component, which partially mediates the differences in BMI between urban and rural group at baseline. It also contributed to the changes in BMI over time for both groups, although it does not explain the enhanced gain of BMI in rural subjects. A significantly higher increase of leptin/adiponectin ratio was also seen in rural subjects after 1-year of living in an urban area. In conclusion, urbanization was associated with less favorable changes in adiposity and adipokine profiles in a population of young Indonesian adults.
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Dai W, Liu J, Qiu Y, Teng Z, Li S, Huang J, Xiang H, Tang H, Wang B, Chen J, Wu H. Shared postulations between bipolar disorder and polycystic ovary syndrome pathologies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 115:110498. [PMID: 34929323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with bipolar disorder (BD) present a high prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other reproductive disorders even before diagnosis or treatment of the disease. Postulations on the potential molecular mechanisms of comorbid PCOS in women with BD remain limited to influence of medications and need further extension. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on evidence suggesting that common metabolic and immune disorders may play an important role in the development of BD and PCOS. RESULTS The literature covered in this review suggests that metabolic and immune disorders, including the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronic inflammatory state, gut microbial alterations, adipokine alterations and circadian rhythm disturbance, are observed in patients with BD and PCOS. Such disorders may be responsible for the increased prevalence of PCOS in the BD population and indicate a susceptibility gene overlap between the two diseases. Current evidence supports postulations of common metabolic and immune disorders as endophenotype in BD as well as in PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic and immune disorders may be responsible for the comorbid PCOS in the BD population. The identification of hallmark metabolic and immune features common to these two diseases will contribute to the clarification of the effect of BD on the reproductive endocrine function and development of symptomatic treatments targeting the biomarkers of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Turroni F, Rizzo SM, Ventura M, Bernasconi S. Cross-talk between the infant/maternal gut microbiota and the endocrine system: a promising topic of research. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:14. [PMID: 38045647 PMCID: PMC10688790 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The infant gut microbiota is the set of microorganisms colonizing the baby's intestine. This complex ecosystem appears to be related to various physiological conditions of the host and it has also been shown to act as one of the most crucial determinants of infant's health. Furthermore, the mother's endocrine system, through its hormones, can have an effect on the composition of the newborn's gut microbiota. In this perspective, we summarize the recent state of the art on the intricate relationships involving the intestinal microbiota and the endocrine system of mother/baby to underline the need to study the molecular mechanisms that appear to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Sonia Mirjam Rizzo
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
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19
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Bruno A, Ferrante G, Di Vincenzo S, Pace E, La Grutta S. Leptin in the Respiratory Tract: Is There a Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Front Physiol 2022; 12:776963. [PMID: 35002761 PMCID: PMC8727443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.776963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in several physiologic functions, with a known role in innate and adaptive immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis. Long- and short-isoforms of leptin receptors are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and organs, such as the respiratory tract. Similar to leptin, microbiota affects the immune system and may interfere with lung health through the bidirectional crosstalk called the “gut-lung axis.” Obesity leads to impaired protective immunity and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infections, as those by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it is known that leptin and microbiota link metabolism and lung health, their role within the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deserves further investigations. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence about: (i) the role of leptin in immune modulation; (ii) the role of gut microbiota within the gut-lung axis in modulating leptin sensitivity; and (iii) the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Pediatric Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Chen S, Yang M, Wang R, Fan X, Tang T, Li P, Zhou X, Qi K. Suppression of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice by dietary folic acid supplementation is linked to changes in gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2015-2031. [PMID: 34993642 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on body weight gain are mediated by gut microbiota in obesity. METHODS Male C57 BL/6J conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice both aged three to four weeks were fed a high-fat diet (HD), folic acid-deficient HD (FD-HD), folic acid-supplement HD (FS-HD) and a normal-fat diet (ND) for 25 weeks. Faecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and the mRNA expression of genes was determined by the real-time RT-PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces and plasma were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In CV mice, HD-induced body weight gain was inhibited by FS-HD, accompanied by declined energy intake, smaller white adipocyte size, and less whitening of brown adipose tissue. Meanwhile, the HD-induced disturbance in the expression of fat and energy metabolism-associated genes (Fas, Atgl, Hsl, Ppar-α, adiponectin, resistin, Ucp2, etc.) in epididymal fat was diminished, and the dysbiosis in faecal microbiota was lessened, by FS-HD. However, in GF mice with HD feeding, dietary folic acid supplementation had almost no effect on body weight gain and the expression of fat- and energy-associated genes. Faecal or plasma SCFA concentrations in CV and GF mice were not altered by either FD-HD or FS-HD feeding. CONCLUSION Dietary folic acid supplementation differently affected body weight gain and associated genes' expression under HD feeding between CV and GF mice, suggesting that gut bacteria might partially share the responsibility for beneficial effects of dietary folate on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Mengyi Yang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institutue, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Wu D, Wang H, Xie L, Hu F. Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908868. [PMID: 35865314 PMCID: PMC9294175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase of obesity and associated diseases has become a major global health problem. Adipose tissues are critical for whole-body homeostasis. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant environmental factor in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism through a close cross-talk with adipose tissues. It modulates energy expenditure and alleviates obesity by promoting energy expenditure, but it also produces specific metabolites and structural components that may act as the central factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies to treat obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the gut microbiota and its actions on adipose tissues and highlight the joint actions of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue with each other in the regulation of energy metabolism.
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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23
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Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Coman MM, Tomassoni D, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Gabrielli MG, Rossolini GM, Di Pilato V, Cecchini C, Amedei A, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC, Cifani C. Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 Modifies Microbiota Composition and Prevents Body Weight Gain Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011171. [PMID: 34681831 PMCID: PMC8540549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated and may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and related diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the impact of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity, specifically in the cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides a strong motivation to voluntary overeat, due to the palatability and variety of selected energy-dense foods. The oral administration for 84 days of this probiotic strain, added to the CAF diet, decreased food intake and body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated body mass index, liver and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia and low-density lipoprotein levels, in CAF fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In this scenario, L. plantarum IMC 510 showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting the microbial imbalance established by long exposure to CAF diet and preserving the proportion of different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and then the mechanism of action by which L. plantarum IMC 510 modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in obesity prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Cecchini
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Verdenelli
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
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24
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Zhang S, Gao J, Liu S, Yu L, Zhang W, Liang Y, Wang H. Transcription Coactivator BCL3 Acts as a Potential Regulator of Lipid Metabolism Through the Effects on Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4915-4926. [PMID: 34588797 PMCID: PMC8476110 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Transcriptional coactivator B-cell lymphoma-3 (BCL3) is a member of the IκB family of NF-κB inhibitors and regulates the activity of the NF-κB pathway. However, the relationship between BCL3 and lipid metabolism remains unclear. The present study investigates the effects of BCL3 in immune and metabolism in obese mice. Animals and Methods Construct Bcl3-KO mice through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Obesity model was induced in Bcl3-KO mice by feeding a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, and some metabolic-related indicators were analysed. Results The results showed that the KO mice gained significantly less body weight on a high fat diet without a change in food intake. There was significant improvement in hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy in KO mice. The expression of SREBP1 and its downstream fatty acid synthetase FAS and ACC were down-regulated in KO mice, and the inflammation in adipose tissue and liver was further reduced. Conclusion These results suggest that BCL3 may be a novel factor in regulating lipid metabolism in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
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25
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Han H, Yi B, Zhong R, Wang M, Zhang S, Ma J, Yin Y, Yin J, Chen L, Zhang H. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 34284827 PMCID: PMC8293578 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and cause various metabolic disorders. A variety of factors have been implicated in appetite control, including gut microbiota, which develop the intricate interactions to manipulate the metabolic requirements and hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites and components act as appetite-related signaling molecules to regulate appetite-related hormone secretion and the immune system, or act directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize the effects of gut microbiota on host appetite and consider the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a clinical therapeutic potential for lessening the development and consequence of appetite-related disorders. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage de Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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26
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Abstract
The gut microbiota has the capacity to affect host appetite via intestinal satiety pathways, as well as complex feeding behaviors. In this Review, we highlight recent evidence that the gut microbiota can modulate food preference across model organisms. We discuss effects of the gut microbiota on the vagus nerve and brain regions including the hypothalamus, mesolimbic system, and prefrontal cortex, which play key roles in regulating feeding behavior. Crosstalk between commensal bacteria and the central and peripheral nervous systems is associated with alterations in signaling of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We further consider areas for future research on mechanisms by which gut microbes may influence feeding behavior involving these neural pathways. Understanding roles for the gut microbiota in feeding regulation will be important for informing therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic and eating disorders.
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27
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Gu Y, Niu X, Yin L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Zhang Q, Ji H. Enhancing Fatty Acid Catabolism of Macrophages Within Aberrant Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Can Re-establish Antitumor Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665869. [PMID: 33937269 PMCID: PMC8081981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an intractable challenge owing to its aggressive nature and lack of any known therapeutic targets. Macrophages play a crucial role in cancer promotion and poor prognosis within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The phagocytosis checkpoint in macrophages has broader implications for current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we demonstrate the modulation in the antitumor activity of macrophages within the aberrant metabolic microenvironment of TNBC by metabolic intervention. The co-culture of macrophages with TNBC cell lines led to a decrease in both their phagocytic function and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The transcription of glycolysis and fatty acid (FA) catabolism-related factors was inhibited within the dysregulated tumor metabolic microenvironment. Enhancement of FA catabolism by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) agonist, fenofibrate (FF), could re-establish macrophages to gain their antineoplastic activity by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway and increasing ATP production by FA oxidation. The combination of fenofibrate and anti-CD47 therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. In conclusion, the enhancement of FA catabolism of macrophages could re-establish them to resume antitumor activity in the TME. Anti-CD47 therapy combined with fenofibrate may serve as a novel and potential immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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28
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Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Facilitate Microbiota:Host Cross talk and Modulate Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:8. [PMID: 33537923 PMCID: PMC7992370 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting a role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as messengers facilitating cross talk between the host and gut microbiota and discuss the effects of altered SCFA signaling in obesity and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests there to be a significant contribution of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs to microbe:host communication and host metabolism. SCFA production within the intestine modulates intestinal pH, microbial composition, and intestinal barrier integrity. SCFA signaling through host receptors, such as PPARγ and GPCRs, modulates host health and disease physiology. Alterations in SCFA signaling and downstream effects on inflammation are implicated in the development of obesity and hypertension. SCFAs are crucial components of the holobiont relationship; in the proper environment, they support normal gut, immune, and metabolic function. Dysregulation of microbial SCFA signaling affects downstream host metabolism, with implications in obesity and hypertension.
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Xu Y, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Feng Y. Panax notoginseng saponins modulate the gut microbiota to promote thermogenesis and beige adipocyte reconstruction via leptin-mediated AMPKα/STAT3 signaling in diet-induced obesity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11302-11323. [PMID: 33042284 PMCID: PMC7532683 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of the thermogenic program in white and brown adipocytes presents a promising avenue for increasing energy expenditure during the treatment of obesity. The endogenous mechanism for promoting thermogenesis in brown adipocytes or browning in white adipocytes has indicated that the gut microbiota is a crucial regulator of the host energy balance. However, whether the effects of the therapeutic intervention-induced modulation of the gut microbiota on adipocyte browning involved the regulation of leptin remains unclear. Method: The adipose features were analyzed by body composition analysis, infrared camera observations, transmission electron microscopy and H&E staining. The gene and protein expression in adipose tissue were detected by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The gut microbiome signature was identified by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and both mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and mice with antibiotics-induced microbiome depletion were subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation. Results: Treatment with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) shaped the murine gut microbiome by increasing the abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis, and as a result, DIO mice harbored a distal gut microbiota with a significantly increased capacity to reduce host adiposity. The PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota in DIO mice could increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and beige adipocyte reconstruction by activating the leptin-AMPK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which results in the promotion of energy expenditure. Leptin has an essential influence on the anti-obesity effects of PNS. In cases of leptin deficiency, the PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota exerts negative effects on thermogenesis and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), which indicates that PNS fail to reduce obesity in leptin gene-deficient mice. The PNS-induced modulation of the gut microbiota exerted a minimal effect on DIO mice with antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion, which confirmed the correlation between altered gut microbiota and the remodeling of adipose tissues in DIO mice. The direct influence of leptin on browning via the AMPKα/STAT3 signaling pathway in C3H101/2 cells supported our in vivo results that signalling through the leptin-AMPK/STAT3 pathway induced by the PNS-modulated gut microbiota was involved in beige adipocyte reconstruction. Conclusion: Our results revealed that leptin signaling is critical for alterations in microbiota-fat crosstalk and provide promising avenues for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity.
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Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Energy Metabolism, Leptin Resistance, and Gut Microbiota in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092557. [PMID: 32846917 PMCID: PMC7551584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with various metabolic disorders, including leptin resistance, which is characterized by high circulating leptin levels. Probiotics can decrease circulating leptin levels by alteration of the gut microbiota. Thus, they may have anti-obesogenic effects. In this study, the effects of administration of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), on gut microbiota and modulation of leptin resistance were evaluated in mice. Male Balb/C mice aged 7 weeks were fed either a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with low-dose LGG (108 CFU/mouse/day), or HFD supplemented with high-dose LGG (1010 CFU/mouse/day) for 10 weeks. Significantly increased body weight, epididymal fat weight, and decreased leptin responsiveness to exogenous leptin treatment and ratio of villus height to crypt depth were observed in the HFD-fed mice compared to the ND-fed mice. Moreover, a remarkable increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota were also observed in the HFD-fed mice. Supplementation of HFD with high-dose LGG restored exogenous leptin responsiveness, increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria in fecal microbiota. These findings suggest that LGG supplementation might alleviate leptin resistance caused by an HFD through the improvement of the digestive health of the host.
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