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Hua JPY, Abram SV, Loewy RL, Stuart B, Fryer SL, Vinogradov S, Mathalon DH. Brain Age Gap in Early Illness Schizophrenia and the Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Associations With Experiential Negative Symptoms and Conversion to Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:1159-1170. [PMID: 38815987 PMCID: PMC11349027 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Brain development/aging is not uniform across individuals, spawning efforts to characterize brain age from a biological perspective to model the effects of disease and maladaptive life processes on the brain. The brain age gap represents the discrepancy between estimated brain biological age and chronological age (in this case, based on structural magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). Structural MRI studies report an increased brain age gap (biological age > chronological age) in schizophrenia, with a greater brain age gap related to greater negative symptom severity. Less is known regarding the nature of this gap early in schizophrenia (ESZ), if this gap represents a psychosis conversion biomarker in clinical high-risk (CHR-P) individuals, and how altered brain development and/or aging map onto specific symptom facets. STUDY DESIGN Using structural MRI, we compared the brain age gap among CHR-P (n = 51), ESZ (n = 78), and unaffected comparison participants (UCP; n = 90), and examined associations with CHR-P psychosis conversion (CHR-P converters n = 10; CHR-P non-converters; n = 23) and positive and negative symptoms. STUDY RESULTS ESZ showed a greater brain age gap relative to UCP and CHR-P (Ps < .010). CHR-P individuals who converted to psychosis showed a greater brain age gap (P = .043) relative to CHR-P non-converters. A larger brain age gap in ESZ was associated with increased experiential (P = .008), but not expressive negative symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with schizophrenia pathophysiological models positing abnormal brain maturation, results suggest abnormal brain development is present early in psychosis. An increased brain age gap may be especially relevant to motivational and functional deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Y Hua
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samantha V Abram
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Stuart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna L Fryer
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tu Y, Fang Y, Li G, Xiong F, Gao F. Glymphatic System Dysfunction Underlying Schizophrenia Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:1223-1231. [PMID: 38581275 PMCID: PMC11349007 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Despite the well-documented structural and functional brain changes in schizophrenia, the potential role of glymphatic dysfunction remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the glymphatic system's function in schizophrenia, utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze water diffusion along the perivascular space (ALPS), and examines its correlation with clinical symptoms. STUDY DESIGN A cohort consisting of 43 people with schizophrenia and 108 healthy controls was examined. We quantified water diffusion metrics along the x-, y-, and z-axis in both projection and association fibers to derive the DTI-ALPS index, a proxy for glymphatic activity. The differences in the ALPS index between groups were analyzed using a 2-way ANCOVA controlling for age and sex, while partial correlations assessed the association between the ALPS index and clinical variables. STUDY RESULTS People with schizophrenia showed a significantly reduced DTI-ALPS index across the whole brain and within both hemispheres (F = 9.001, P = .011; F = 10.024, P = .011; F = 5.927, P = .044; false discovery rate corrected), indicating potential glymphatic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The group by cognitive performance interaction effects on the ALPS index were not observed. Moreover, a lower ALPS index was associated with poorer cognitive performance on specific neuropsychological tests in people with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our study highlights a lower ALPS index in schizophrenia, correlated with more pronounced cognitive impairments. This suggests that glymphatic dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, offering new insights into its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Sungical intensive CaneUnit, Xinhua Hospital A filiated to Shamghai jiaotong University school of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Radiology. General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dugan C, Zikopoulos B, Yazdanbakhsh A. A neural modeling approach to study mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of visual spatial frequency sensitivity in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 39013944 PMCID: PMC11252134 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in spatial frequency sensitivity, and it is believed that these abnormalities indicate more widespread dysfunction and dysregulation of bottom-up processing. The early visual system, including the first-order Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1), are key contributors to spatial frequency sensitivity. Medicated and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia exhibit contrasting changes in spatial frequency sensitivity, thus making it a useful probe for examining potential effects of the disorder and antipsychotic medications in neural processing. We constructed a parameterized, rate-based neural model of on-center/off-surround neurons in the early visual system to investigate the impacts of changes to the excitatory and inhibitory receptive field subfields. By incorporating changes in both the excitatory and inhibitory subfields that are associated with pathophysiological findings in schizophrenia, the model successfully replicated perceptual data from behavioral/functional studies involving medicated and unmedicated patients. Among several plausible mechanisms, our results highlight the dampening of excitation and/or increase in the spread and strength of the inhibitory subfield in medicated patients and the contrasting decreased spread and strength of inhibition in unmedicated patients. Given that the model was successful at replicating results from perceptual data under a variety of conditions, these elements of the receptive field may be useful markers for the imbalances seen in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dugan
- Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abplanalp SJ, Braff DL, Light GA, Joshi YB, Nuechterlein KH, Green MF. Clarifying directional dependence among measures of early auditory processing and cognition in schizophrenia: leveraging Gaussian graphical models and Bayesian networks. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1930-1939. [PMID: 38287656 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research using latent variable models demonstrates that pre-attentive measures of early auditory processing (EAP) and cognition may initiate a cascading effect on daily functioning in schizophrenia. However, such models fail to account for relationships among individual measures of cognition and EAP, thereby limiting their utility. Hence, EAP and cognition may function as complementary and interacting measures of brain function rather than independent stages of information processing. Here, we apply a data-driven approach to identifying directional relationships among neurophysiologic and cognitive variables. METHODS Using data from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia 2, we estimated Gaussian Graphical Models and Bayesian networks to examine undirected and directed connections between measures of EAP, including mismatch negativity and P3a, and cognition in 663 outpatients with schizophrenia and 630 control participants. RESULTS Chain structures emerged among EAP and attention/vigilance measures in schizophrenia and control groups. Concerning differences between the groups, object memory was an influential variable in schizophrenia upon which other cognitive domains depended, and working memory was an influential variable in controls. CONCLUSIONS Measures of EAP and attention/vigilance are conditionally independent of other cognitive domains that were used in this study. Findings also revealed additional causal assumptions among measures of cognition that could help guide statistical control and ultimately help identify early-stage targets or surrogate endpoints in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Abplanalp
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David L Braff
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Light
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yash B Joshi
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jayakumar S, Ahmed AO, Butler PD, Silverstein SM, Thompson JL, Seitz AR. Performance on a contour integration task as a function of contour shape in schizophrenia and controls. Vision Res 2024; 219:108394. [PMID: 38579407 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Contour Integration (CI) is the ability to integrate elemental features into objects and is a basic visual process essential for object perception and recognition, and for functioning in visual environments. It is now well documented that people with schizophrenia (SZ), in addition to having cognitive impairments, also have several visual perceptual deficits, including in CI. Here, we retrospectively characterize the performance of both SZ and neurotypical individuals (NT) on a series of contour shapes, made up of Gabor elements, that varied in terms of closure and curvature. Participants in both groups performed a CI training task that included 7 different families of shapes (Lines, Ellipse, Blobs, Squiggles, Spiral, Circle and Letters) for up to 40 sessions. Two parameters were manipulated in the training task: Orientation Jitter (OJ, i.e., orientation deviations of individual Gabor elements from ideal for each shape) and Inducer Number (IN, i.e., number of Gabor elements defining the shape). Results show that both OJ and IN thresholds significantly differed between the groups, with higher (OJ) and lower (IN) thresholds observed in the controls. Furthermore, we found significant effects as a function of the contour shapes, with differences between groups emerging with contours that were considered more complex, e.g., due to having a higher degree of curvature (Blobs, Spiral, Letters). These data can inform future work that aims to characterize visual integration impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Jayakumar
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States.
| | - Anthony O Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, United States.
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, United States.
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Kaloğlu HA, Nazlı ŞB. Evaluation of the Relationship between Disability and Disease Severity, Cognitive Functions, and Insight in Patients with Schizophrenia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:333-344. [PMID: 38627080 PMCID: PMC11024695 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective : This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics, cognitive functions, and levels of insight, which are thought to be related to disability in schizophrenia patients, and to determine which variable will guide the clinician to predict the disability. Methods : Participants were 102 individuals with schizophrenia aged 18-60. All participants completed the social functioning scale and the Beck cognitive insight scale. To determine the severity of disability, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) scale was conducted. Positive and negative syndrome scale, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia, trail making tests and Stroop test were performed. Results : The regression analysis indicated that high income, increased education level, and fewer hospitalization variables had significant negative effects (p < 0.05) on the WHODAS overall score, explaining 20.8% of the variance. The duration of trail-making test form A, PANSS total score, and Stroop 3 duration variables had significant positive effects (p < 0.05) on the WHODAS score, explaining 49.3% of the total variance. Increased levels of education, higher income, and higher cognitive insight were found to be associated with less disability. Increased severity of disease and some deterioration in the mental field were found to be related to high disability. Conclusion : In this research, the predictors of disability in individuals with schizophrenia, level of education, and income are among the predictors of disability, and disease severity seems to be more related to the impairment of cognitive functions. Interventions and treatments that support the psychosocial functionality should be planned rather than symptom-oriented treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Şerif Bora Nazlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Ramsay IS, Pokorny VJ, Lynn PA, Klein SD, Sponheim SR. Limited Consistency and Strength of Neural Oscillations During Sustained Visual Attention in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:337-345. [PMID: 36775194 PMCID: PMC10412733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural oscillations support perception, attention, and higher-order decision making. Aberrations in the strength or consistency of these oscillations in response to stimuli may underlie impaired visual perception and attention in schizophrenia. Here, we examined the phase and power of alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) as well as aspects of beta and theta frequency oscillations during a demanding visual sustained attention task. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 74) and healthy control participants (n = 68) completed the degraded stimulus continuous performance task during electroencephalography. We used time-frequency analysis to evaluate the consistency (intertrial phase coherence) of the alpha cycle shortly after stimulus presentation (50-250 ms). For oscillation strength, we examined event-related desynchronization in a later window associated with decision making (360-700 ms). RESULTS Alpha intertrial phase coherence was reduced in schizophrenia, and similar reductions were observed in theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13-20 Hz), suggesting a lack of responsiveness in slower oscillations to visual stimuli. Alpha and beta event-related desynchronization were also reduced in schizophrenia and associated with worse task performance, increased symptoms, and poorer cognition, suggesting that limited responsiveness of oscillations is related to impairments in the disorder. Individuals with lower intertrial phase coherence had slower resting-state alpha rhythms consistent with dysfunctional oscillations persisting across default and task-related brain states. CONCLUSIONS In schizophrenia, abnormalities in the phase consistency and strength of slower oscillations during visual perception are related to symptoms and cognitive functioning. Altered visual perception and impaired attention in the disorder may be the consequence of aberrant slower oscillations that fail to dynamically reset and modulate in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Victor J Pokorny
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter A Lynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samuel D Klein
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minneapolis Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Giordano GM, Pezzella P, Mucci A, Austin SF, Erfurth A, Glenthøj B, Hofer A, Hubenak J, Libiger J, Melle I, Nielsen MØ, Rybakowski JK, Wojciak P, Galderisi S, Sachs G. Negative symptoms and social cognition as mediators of the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333711. [PMID: 38356912 PMCID: PMC10864497 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study we assessed the contribution of psychopathology, including the two domains of negative symptoms (motivational deficit and expressive deficit), processing speed as an index of neurocognition, and emotion recognition, as an index of social cognition, to poor functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Methods The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to evaluate positive symptoms and disorganization and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale to assess negative symptoms. The Symbol Coding and the Trail Making Test A and B were used to rate processing speed and the Facial Emotion Identification Test to assess emotion recognition. Functional outcome was assessed with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of functional outcome. Mediation analyses was used to investigate whether social cognition and negative symptom domains fully or partially mediated the impact of processing speed on functional outcome. Results One hundred and fifty subjects from 8 different European centers were recruited. Our data showed that the expressive deficit predicted global functioning and together with motivational deficit fully mediated the effects of neurocognition on it. Motivational deficit was a predictor of personal and social functioning and fully mediated neurocognitive impairment effects on the same outcome. Both motivational deficit and neurocognitive impairment predicted socially useful activities, and the emotion recognition domain of social cognition partially mediated the impact of neurocognitive deficits on this outcome. Conclusions Our results indicate that pathways to functional outcomes are specific for different domains of real-life functioning and that negative symptoms and social cognition mediate the impact of neurocognitive deficits on different domains of functioning. Our results suggest that both negative symptoms and social cognition should be targeted by psychosocial interventions to enhance the functional impact of neurocognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M. Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pezzella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen F. Austin
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andreas Erfurth
- 6th Psychiatric Department, Otto-Wagner-Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Hofer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Division of Psychiatry I, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Hubenak
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jan Libiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Ø. Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janusz K. Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Wojciak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dugan C, Zikopoulos B, Yazdanbakhsh A. A neural modeling approach to study mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of visual spatial frequency sensitivity in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563001. [PMID: 37904992 PMCID: PMC10614973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in spatial frequency sensitivity, and it is believed that these abnormalities indicate more widespread dysfunction and dysregulation of bottom-up processing. The early visual system, including the first-order Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1), are key contributors to spatial frequency sensitivity. Medicated and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia exhibit contrasting changes in spatial frequency sensitivity, thus making it a useful probe for examining potential effects of the disorder and antipsychotic medications in neural processing. We constructed a parameterized, rate-based neural model of on-center/off-surround neurons in the early visual system to investigate the impacts of changes to the excitatory and inhibitory receptive field subfields. By incorporating changes in both the excitatory and inhibitory subfields that are associated with pathophysiological findings in schizophrenia, the model successfully replicated perceptual data from behavioral/functional studies involving medicated and unmedicated patients. Among several plausible mechanisms, our results highlight the dampening of excitation and/or increase in the spread and strength of the inhibitory subfield in medicated patients and the contrasting decreased spread and strength of inhibition in unmedicated patients. Given that the model was successful at replicating results from perceptual data under a variety of conditions, these elements of the receptive field may be useful markers for the imbalances seen in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dugan
- Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Sklar AL, Ren X, Chlpka L, Curtis M, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Diminished Auditory Cortex Dynamic Range and its Clinical Correlates in First Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:679-687. [PMID: 36749310 PMCID: PMC10154701 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS There is growing appreciation for the contribution of sensory disruptions to disease morbidity in psychosis. The present study examined auditory cortex (AC) dynamic range: the scaling of neurophysiological responses to stimulus intensity, among individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum illness (FESz) and its relationship to clinical outcomes at disease onset. STUDY DESIGN Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded from 35 FESz and 40 healthy controls (HC) during binaural presentation of tones at three intensities (75 dB, 80 dB, and 85 dB). MRIs were obtained to enhance cortical localization of MEG sensor-level activity. All participants completed the MATRICS cognitive battery (MCCB) and Global Functioning: Role and Social scales (GFR/GFS). Patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). STUDY RESULTS FESz exhibited reduced AC response relative to HC. Enhancement of AC activity to tones of increasing intensity was blunted in FESz relative to HC. Reduced dynamic range (85-75 dB AC response) was associated with lower GFS (r = .58) and GFR (r = .45) scores, worse MCCB performance (r = .45), and increased PANSS Negative symptom subscale scores (r = -.55) among FESz, relationships not observed with AC responses to individual tones. CONCLUSION Beyond an impaired AC response to pure tones, FESz exhibit reduced dynamic range relative to HC. This impairment was correlated with markers of disease morbidity including poorer community functioning as well as cognitive and negative symptoms. The relationship with impaired social functioning may reflect the role of AC dynamic range in decoding the emotional content of language and highlights its importance to future therapeutic sensory remediation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lydia Chlpka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cuñat O, Del Hoyo-Buxo B, Vila-Badia R, Serra-Arumí C, Butjosa A, Del Cacho N, Colomer-Salvans A, Dolz M, Cuevas-Esteban J, Iglesias-González M, Usall J, Profep Group. Negative symptoms in drug-naive patients with a first-episode psychosis (FEP). Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 81:103448. [PMID: 36652842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative symptoms are nuclear features of schizophrenia that may be present from the onset of the disease. In recent years, it has been described 2 subdomains of negative symptoms: experiential and expressive deficits. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between negative symptoms and demographic and clinical variables in patients with first-episode psychosis. Also, to explore whether there are differences in the association among these variables and negative symptoms when divided into both subdomains. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 160 patients (52 females and 108 males) with a diagnosis of a first episode psychosis. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS A backward stepwise linear regressions analysis was performed in order to observe potential associations between demographic and clinical variables and the presence of negative symptoms. All three models are predicted by worse PSP score, a higher CDSS, a higher disorganized factor score and a lower excited factor score. A longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated to a higher score in the experiential deficit subdomain only. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights some clinical and phenomenological differences between experiential and expressive deficits. We think that taking into account both subdomains in future studies may lead to more accurate clinical assessment and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cuñat
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - B Del Hoyo-Buxo
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - R Vila-Badia
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - C Serra-Arumí
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - A Butjosa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Hospital Infanto-juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - N Del Cacho
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - A Colomer-Salvans
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M Dolz
- Hospital Infanto-juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - J Cuevas-Esteban
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBERSAM, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - M Iglesias-González
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBERSAM, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - J Usall
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Profep Group
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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12
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Løchen AR, Kolskår KK, de Lange AMG, Sneve MH, Haatveit B, Lagerberg TV, Ueland T, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Alnæs D. Visual processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders and associations with psychotic symptoms, and intellectual abilities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13354. [PMID: 36825178 PMCID: PMC9941950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Low-level sensory disruption is hypothesized as a precursor to clinical and cognitive symptoms in severe mental disorders. We compared visual discrimination performance in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder with healthy controls, and investigated associations with clinical symptoms and IQ. Methods Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 32), bipolar disorder (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 152) completed a computerized visual discrimination task. Participants responded whether the latter of two consecutive grids had higher or lower spatial frequency, and discrimination thresholds were estimated using an adaptive maximum likelihood procedure. Case-control differences in threshold were assessed using linear regression, F-test and post-hoc pair-wise comparisons. Linear models were used to test for associations between visual discrimination threshold and psychotic symptoms derived from the PANSS and IQ assessed using the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Results Robust regression revealed a significant main effect of diagnosis on discrimination threshold (robust F = 6.76, p = .001). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean = 14%, SD = 0.08) had higher thresholds compared to healthy controls (mean = 10.8%, SD = 0.07, β = 0.35, t = 3.4, p = .002), as did patients with bipolar disorder (12.23%, SD = 0.07, β = 0.21, t = 2.42, p = .04). There was no significant difference between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (β = -0.14, t = -1.2, p = .45). Linear models revealed negative associations between IQ and threshold across all participants when controlling for diagnostic group (β = -0.3, t = -3.43, p = .0007). This association was found within healthy controls (t = -3.72, p = .0003) and patients with bipolar disorder (t = -2.53, p = .015), and no significant group by IQ interaction on threshold (F = 0.044, p = .97). There were no significant associations between PANSS domain scores and discrimination threshold. Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders exhibited higher visual discrimination thresholds than healthy controls, supporting early visual deficits among patients with severe mental illness. Discrimination threshold was negatively associated with IQ among healthy controls and bipolar disorder patients. These findings elucidate perception-related disease mechanisms in severe mental illness, which warrants replication in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili R. Løchen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author. Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut K. Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G. de Lange
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Beathe Haatveit
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine V. Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway,Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author. Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Riedel P, Lee J, Watson CG, Jimenez AM, Reavis EA, Green MF. Reorganization of the functional connectome from rest to a visual perception task in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111556. [PMID: 36327867 PMCID: PMC10611423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Functional connectome organization is altered in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, it remains unclear whether network reorganization during a task relative to rest is also altered in these disorders. This study examined connectome organization in patients with SZ (N = 43) and BD (N = 42) versus healthy controls (HC; N = 39) using fMRI data during a visual object-perception task and at rest. Graph analyses were conducted for the whole-brain network using indices selected a priori: three reflecting network segregation (clustering coefficient, local efficiency, modularity), two reflecting integration (characteristic path length, global efficiency). Group differences were limited to network segregation and were more evident in SZ (clustering coefficient, modularity) than in BD (clustering coefficient) compared to HC. State differences were found across groups for segregation (local efficiency) and integration (characteristic path length). There was no group-by-state interaction for any graph index. In summary, aberrant network organization compared to HC was confirmed, and was more evident in SZ than in BD. Yet, reorganization was largely intact in both disorders. These findings help to constrain models of dysconnection in SZ and BD, suggesting that the extent of functional dysconnectivity in these disorders tends to persist across changes in mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Riedel
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Würzburger Straße 35, Dresden 01187, Germany.
| | - Junghee Lee
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC 560, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
| | - Christopher G Watson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amy M Jimenez
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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14
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Noda Y, Asano K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. The mediating effect of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression on the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in emergency service workers. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152327. [PMID: 35643052 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers are often exposed to fatalities during accidents or disasters. Therefore, they may be more prone to experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. It has been shown that these comorbid disorders are related to personality traits and quality of life (QOL). METHODS We hypothesized that mental disorders, such as symptoms of PTSD and depression, mediate the relationship between personality traits, as measured on the 10-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and QOL, as measured on the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS Participants were aged 23-61 years. Questionnaires were sent to 373 participants, 220 of whom returned responses. A direct effect was found between two subscales of the TIPI (Extraversion and Emotional stability) and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 (Extraversion: β = 0.154, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.179, p < .001), which indicated partial mediation. A significant indirect effect was revealed between two personality traits and mental health summary scores (Extraversion: β = 0.058, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.087, p < .001). We also found a direct effect of extraversion scores of the TIPI on role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 (β = 0.084, p < .05). However, none of the 95% confidential intervals was significant, which indicated full mediation, and the indirect effect was significant (β = 0.023, p < .01). Sensitivity analysis indicated that a direct effect between extraversion scores of the TIPI and role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 was significant, which indicated partial mediation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of direct and indirect effects highlight the importance of identifying effective methods for protecting individuals from developing symptoms of PTSD and depression; moreover, they may help improve QOL. The capacity of dealing with incidents among emergency service workers may vary depending on their personality traits. Therefore, the screening of mental health states that includes a personality trait inventory may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Noda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; Department of Nursing, Teikyo University of Science, 34-1 Senjumotomachi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0041, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Francisco AA, Foxe JJ, Horsthuis DJ, Molholm S. Early visual processing and adaptation as markers of disease, not vulnerability: EEG evidence from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a population at high risk for schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:28. [PMID: 35314711 PMCID: PMC8938446 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), a condition characterized by an increased risk for schizophrenia. Visual processing differences have been described in schizophrenia but remain understudied early in the disease course. Electrophysiology was recorded during a visual adaptation task with different interstimulus intervals to investigate visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2DS (with (22q+) and without (22q−) psychotic symptoms), compared to control and idiopathic schizophrenia groups. Analyses focused on early windows of visual processing. While increased amplitudes were observed in 22q11.2DS in an earlier time window (90–140 ms), decreased responses were seen later (165–205 ms) in schizophrenia and 22q+. 22q11.2DS, and particularly 22q−, presented increased adaptation effects. We argue that while amplitude and adaptation in the earlier time window may reflect specific neurogenetic aspects associated with a deletion in chromosome 22, amplitude in the later window may be a marker of the presence of psychosis and/or of its chronicity/severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Francisco
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John J Foxe
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douwe J Horsthuis
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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16
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Hettwer MD, Lancaster TM, Raspor E, Hahn PK, Mota NR, Singer W, Reif A, Linden DEJ, Bittner RA. Evidence From Imaging Resilience Genetics for a Protective Mechanism Against Schizophrenia in the Ventral Visual Pathway. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:551-562. [PMID: 35137221 PMCID: PMC9077432 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illuminating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of recently discovered common genetic resilience variants for schizophrenia is crucial for more effective prevention efforts. Current models implicate adaptive neuroplastic changes in the visual system and their pro-cognitive effects as a schizophrenia resilience mechanism. We investigated whether common genetic resilience variants might affect brain structure in similar neural circuits. METHOD Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the impact of an established schizophrenia polygenic resilience score (PRSResilience) on cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in 101 healthy subjects and in a replication sample of 33 224 healthy subjects (UK Biobank). FINDING We observed a significant positive whole-brain correlation between PRSResilience and cortical volume in the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) (r = 0.35; P = .0004). Post-hoc analyses in this cluster revealed an impact of PRSResilience on cortical surface area. The replication sample showed a positive correlation between PRSResilience and global cortical volume and surface area in the left FFG. CONCLUSION Our findings represent the first evidence of a neurobiological correlate of a genetic resilience factor for schizophrenia. They support the view that schizophrenia resilience emerges from strengthening neural circuits in the ventral visual pathway and an increased capacity for the disambiguation of social and nonsocial visual information. This may aid psychosocial functioning, ameliorate the detrimental effects of subtle perceptual and cognitive disturbances in at-risk individuals, and facilitate coping with the cognitive and psychosocial consequences of stressors. Our results thus provide a novel link between visual cognition, the vulnerability-stress concept, and schizophrenia resilience models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- School of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eva Raspor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf Singer
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research (MPI BR), Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Bittner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; tel: 69-6301-84713, fax: 69-6301-81775, e-mail:
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Green MF, Wynn JK, Gabrielian S, Hellemann G, Horan WP, Kern RS, Lee J, Marder SR, Sugar CA. Motivational and cognitive factors linked to community integration in homeless veterans: study 1 - individuals with psychotic disorders. Psychol Med 2022; 52:169-177. [PMID: 32517838 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the determinants of community integration (i.e. recovery) for individuals with a history of homelessness, yet such information is essential to develop targeted interventions. METHODS We recruited homeless Veterans with a history of psychotic disorders and evaluated four domains of correlates of community integration: perception, non-social cognition, social cognition, and motivation. Baseline assessments occurred after participants were engaged in supported housing services but before they received housing, and again after 12 months. Ninety-five homeless Veterans with a history of psychosis were assessed at baseline and 53 returned after 12 months. We examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with 12-month community integration. RESULTS The strongest longitudinal association was between a baseline motivational measure and social integration at 12 months. We also observed cross-sectional associations at baseline between motivational measures and community integration, including social, work, and independent living. Cross-lagged panel analyses did not suggest causal associations for the motivational measures. Correlations with perception and non-social cognition were weak. One social cognition measure showed a significant longitudinal correlation with independent living at 12 months that was significant for cross-lagged analysis, consistent with a causal relationship and potential treatment target. CONCLUSIONS The relatively selective associations for motivational measures differ from what is typically seen in psychosis, in which all domains are associated with community integration. These findings are presented along with a partner paper (Study 2) to compare findings from this study to an independent sample without a history of psychotic disorders to evaluate the consistency in findings regarding community integration across projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonya Gabrielian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William P Horan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VeriSci, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024-1759, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Research and Enhancement Award Program to Enhance Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Herrera SN, Zemon V, Revheim N, Silipo G, Gordon J, Butler PD. Cognitive function mediates the relationship between visual contrast sensitivity and functional outcome in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:138-145. [PMID: 34624619 PMCID: PMC8665016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in visual contrast processing, though less is known about how these deficits impact neurocognition and functional outcomes. This study investigated effects of contrast sensitivity (CS) on cognition and capacity for independent living in schizophrenia. METHODS Participants were 58 patients with schizophrenia (n = 49) and schizoaffective disorder (n = 9). Patients completed a psychophysical paradigm to obtain CS with stimuli consisting of grating patterns of low (0.5 and 1 cycles/degree) and high spatial frequencies (4, 7, 21 cycles/degree). Patients completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, Third Edition to assess cognition, and the problem-solving factor of the Independent Living Scales to assess functional capacity. We computed bivariate correlation coefficients for all pairs of variables and tested mediation models with CS to low (CS-LSF) and high spatial frequencies (CS-HSF) as predictors, cognitive measures as mediators, and capacity for independent living as an outcome. RESULTS Cognition mediated the relationship between CS and independent living with CS-LSF a stronger predictor than CS-HSF. Mediation effects were strongest for perceptual organization and memory-related domains. In an expanded moderated mediation model, CS-HSF was found to be a significant predictor of independent living through perceptual organization as a mediator and CS-LSF as a moderator of this relationship. CONCLUSION CS relates to functional capacity in schizophrenia through neurocognition. These relationships may inform novel visual remediation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaynna N Herrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Vance Zemon
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nadine Revheim
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Gail Silipo
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Gordon
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Kogata T, Iidaka T. Lateralization of Color Discrimination Performance and Lexical Effects in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:702086. [PMID: 34650414 PMCID: PMC8505673 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.702086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia experience various visual disturbances. However, information regarding color perception in these patients is rare. In this study, we used a lateralized color search task to investigate whether difference in color name affects color recognition in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In a color search task, we controlled the position of the target that emerged from the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) as well as the color category. In this task, both the target and the distractors had the same or different color name (e.g., blue or green). Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed faster performance in the color search task with different color names for target-distractors when the target emerged from the LVF than when it emerged from the RVF. However, the same laterality was not observed in healthy controls. This finding indicates that semantic processing for color name differences influenced visual discrimination performance in patients with schizophrenia more profoundly in the LVF than in the RVF. Conclusion: This lateralized performance could imply the failure of the left hemisphere language processing dominance in schizophrenia. A search paradigm combining target position and category may indicate that automatic language processing depends on imbalanced hemispheric function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kogata
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iidaka
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Zhou H, Wang D, Wang J, Xu H, Cao B, Zhang X. Association of altered cortical gyrification and psychopathological symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102749. [PMID: 34334350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, which possibly reflects deviations in early neurodevelopment. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms and abnormal cortical gyrification in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. We calculated the whole-brain cortical gyrification of 41 patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. Our results showed that compared to healthy controls, patients had higher cortical gyrification in the left lateral occipital cortex, but lower cortical gyrification in the left transverse temporal cortex. Moreover, the cortical gyrification in the left entorhinal cortex and left fusiform were both positively correlated with the general psychopathology of PANSS. Our findings indicate that abnormal cortical gyrification has occurred in the early stage of schizophrenia, suggesting that abnormal cortical gyrification may play an important role in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Luo H, Zhao Y, Fan F, Fan H, Wang Y, Qu W, Wang Z, Tan Y, Zhang X, Tan S. A bottom-up model of functional outcome in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7577. [PMID: 33828168 PMCID: PMC8027854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia results in poor functional outcomes owing to numerous factors. This study provides the first test of a bottom-up causal model of functional outcome in schizophrenia, using neurocognition, vocal emotional cognition, alexithymia, and negative symptoms as predictors of functional outcome. We investigated a cross-sectional sample of 135 individuals with schizophrenia and 78 controls. Using a series of structural equation modelling analyses, a single pathway was generated among scores from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), vocal emotion recognition test, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Brief Negative Symptom Scale, and the Personal and Social Performance Scale. The scores for each dimension of the MCCB in the schizophrenia group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The recognition accuracy for different emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, and satire, but not calm was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group than in the control group. Moreover, the scores on the three dimensions of TAS were significantly higher in the schizophrenia group than in the control group. On path analysis modelling, the proposed bottom-up causal model showed a strong fit with the data and formed a single pathway, from neurocognition to vocal emotional cognition, to alexithymia, to negative symptoms, and to poor functional outcomes. The study results strongly support the proposed bottom-up causal model of functional outcome in schizophrenia. The model could be used to better understand the causal factors related to the functional outcome, as well as for the development of intervention strategies to improve functional outcomes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Luo
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China ,grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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22
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Pelletier-Baldelli A, Strauss GP, Kuhney FS, Chun C, Gupta T, Ellman LM, Schiffman J, Mittal VA. Perceived stress influences anhedonia and social functioning in a community sample enriched for psychosis-risk. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:96-103. [PMID: 33460840 PMCID: PMC7914219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing animal and human research support the causal role of stress in the emergence of anhedonia, and in turn, the influence of anhedonia in social functioning. However, this model has not been tested in relation to psychosis-risk; this literature gap is notable given that both anhedonia and declining social functioning represent key markers of risk of developing a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. The current research tested the evidence for this model using structural equation modeling in 240 individuals selected based on a range of psychosis-risk symptomatology from the general community. Results supported this model in comparison with alternative models, and additionally emphasized the direct role of perceived stress in social functioning outcomes. Findings suggest the clinical relevance of targeting early perceptions of stress in individuals meeting psychosis-risk self-report criteria in an effort to prevent subsequent anhedonia and declines in social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franchesca S Kuhney
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte Chun
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina Gupta
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Science, Evanston, IL, USA
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23
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Okada H, Hirano D, Taniguchi T. Single versus dual pathways to functional outcomes in schizophrenia: Role of negative symptoms and cognitive function. Schizophr Res Cogn 2021; 23:100191. [PMID: 33204652 PMCID: PMC7648174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functional outcomes for many patients with schizophrenia remain poor, and the specific determinants for and pathways to functional outcomes are not well understood to date. It is unknown whether major determinants of outcomes are achieved via a motivated single pathway or by the motivation and capacity defined in dual pathways. This study investigated whether different aspects of functional outcomes, such as residential, social, and vocational outcomes, are the main determinants of the experience factors for negative symptoms or whether the experience factors and cognitive function are the determinants. Method We enrolled 107 patients with schizophrenia. The Social Functioning Scale domains were used to examine whether a single or dual pathway is appropriate for each domain based on the model fit using structural equation modeling. Results The model goodness of fit criterion showed a dual pathway for residential and vocational outcomes. In contrast, social and recreational outcomes showed a single pathway. Conclusion The major determinants were clearly different for each outcome. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of using different treatment strategies for each outcome. Irrespective of the factors approached, social and recreational outcomes should ultimately focus on motivation. The findings also suggest that interventions should be combined for vulnerable cognitive functions and motivational interventions for residential and vocational outcomes.
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24
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Granholm E, Holden J, Dwyer K, Mikhael T, Link P, Depp C. Mobile-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Negative Symptoms: Open Single-Arm Trial With Schizophrenia Patients. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e24406. [PMID: 33258792 PMCID: PMC7738249 DOI: 10.2196/24406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms are an important unmet treatment need for schizophrenia. This study is a preliminary, open, single-arm trial of a novel hybrid intervention called mobile-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for negative symptoms (mCBTn). OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to test whether mCBTn was feasible and could reduce severity of the target mechanism, defeatist performance attitudes, which are associated with experiential negative symptoms and poor functioning in schizophrenia. METHODS Participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=31) who met prospective criteria for persistent negative symptoms were enrolled. The blended intervention combines weekly in-person group therapy with a smartphone app called CBT2go. The app extended therapy group skills, including recovery goal setting, thought challenging, scheduling of pleasurable activities and social interactions, and pleasure-savoring interventions to modify defeatist attitudes and improve experiential negative symptoms. RESULTS Retention was excellent (87% at 18 weeks), and severity of defeatist attitudes and experiential negative symptoms declined significantly in the mCBTn intervention with large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that mCBTn is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for experiential negative symptoms, if confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial. The findings also provide support for the defeatist attitude model of experiential negative symptoms and suggest that blended technology-supported interventions such as mCBTn can strengthen and shorten intensive psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03179696; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03179696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Granholm
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason Holden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kristen Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tanya Mikhael
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Peter Link
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Colin Depp
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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25
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Jahshan C, Wynn JK, Roach BJ, Mathalon DH, Green MF. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Visual Neuroplasticity in Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:382-389. [PMID: 32463701 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420925697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit visual processing abnormalities that affect their daily functioning and remediating these deficits might help to improve functioning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential tool for perceptual enhancement for this purpose, though there are no reports of tDCS applied to visual cortex in SZ. In a within-subject, crossover design, we evaluated the effects of tDCS on visual processing in 27 SZ. All patients received anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation over the central occipital region in 3 visits separated by 1 week. In each visit, a backward masking task and an electroencephalography measure of visual neuroplasticity were administered after tDCS. Neuroplasticity was assessed with visual evoked potentials before and after tetanizing visual high-frequency stimulation. Masking performance was significantly poorer in the anodal and cathodal conditions compared with sham. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation increased the amplitude of P1 but did not change the plasticity index. We found significant plasticity effects of tDCS for only one waveform for one stimulation condition (P2 for anodal tDCS) which did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. The reason for the lack of tDCS stimulation effects on plasticity may be because tDCS was not delivered simultaneously with the tetanizing visual stimulus. The present findings emphasize the need for more research on the relevant parameters for stimulation of visual processing regions in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Jahshan
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Bègue I, Kaiser S, Kirschner M. Pathophysiology of negative symptom dimensions of schizophrenia – Current developments and implications for treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:74-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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McCleery A, Wynn JK, Lee J, Reavis EA, Ventura J, Subotnik KL, Green MF, Nuechterlein KH. Early Visual Processing Is Associated With Social Cognitive Performance in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 33192628 PMCID: PMC7478198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage visual processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information processing, whereby early perceptual processes have downstream effects on higher-order cognition, impaired visual processing is associated with deficits in social cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of early visual processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). METHOD Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess early-stage (i.e., 0-125 ms post-stimulus onset) visual processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, higher-order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations and linear regressions tested the strength of associations between early-stage visual processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. RESULTS For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.19, 159.35) = 8.51, p < 0.001]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [r EmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; r TASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Regression analyses did not provide significant support for low-level social cognition mediating the relationship between visual processing and high-level social cognition. CONCLUSION Early-stage visual processing, low-level social cognition, and high-level social cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage visual processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information processing. However, significant cascading effects within social cognition were not supported. These data suggest that interventions directed at early visual processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda McCleery
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Wynn
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric A. Reavis
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Subotnik
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael F. Green
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith H. Nuechterlein
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Abstract
It is now well documented that schizophrenia is associated with impairments in visual processing at all levels of vision, and that these disturbances are related to deficits in multiple higher-level cognitive and social cognitive functions. Visual remediation methods have been slow to appear in the literature as a potential treatment strategy to target these impairments, however, in contrast to interventions that aim to improve auditory and higher cognitive functions in schizophrenia. In this report, we describe a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded R61/R33 grant that uses a phased approach to optimize and evaluate a novel visual remediation intervention for people with schizophrenia. The goals of this project are: (1) in the R61 phase, to establish the optimal components and dose (number of sessions) of a visual remediation intervention from among two specific visual training strategies (and their combination) for improving low and mid-level visual functions in schizophrenia; and (2) in the R33 phase, to determine the extent to which the optimal intervention improves not only visual processing but also higher-level cognitive and role functions. Here we present the scientific background for and innovation of the study, along with our methods, hypotheses, and preliminary data. The results of this study will help determine the utility of this novel intervention approach for targeting visual perceptual, cognitive, and functional impairments in schizophrenia.
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29
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Sklar AL, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Localization of Early-Stage Visual Processing Deficits at Schizophrenia Spectrum Illness Onset Using Magnetoencephalography. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:955-963. [PMID: 32052843 PMCID: PMC7342265 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in early-stage visual processing are observed in chronic psychosis. However, their presence, localization within the brain, and contribution to cognitive symptoms remain less well established early in disease course. The present study utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine sensory responses within primary visual cortex (V1). MEG was recorded from 38 individuals diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum illness at first psychotic episode (FESz) and 38 matched healthy controls (HC) during visual search tasks. The inverse solution for cortical activity contributing to the M100 visual evoked field was derived. Task performance and V1 activation were compared between groups. FESz exhibited a reduced V1 response relative to HC. This group deficit, however, was selective for the left hemisphere (LH). A similar interaction was observed for response time with FESz exhibiting slower responses to right visual field targets, a difference not observed among HC. Among FESz, larger LH V1 activity was associated with larger hallucination subscale scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Early-stage visual processing deficits localized to V1 are present at disease onset in the schizophrenia spectrum. This impairment appears to be restricted to the LH, consistent with previous reports detailing a predominantly LH disease process in early psychosis, and activity within this region was associated with an increased experience of hallucinations. These findings detail the cortical responses contributing to visual processing impairments and their relationship with symptoms at disease onset, advancing our understanding of their developmental trajectory over the course of psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L Sklar
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 420 Oxford Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; tel: +1-412-246-5123, fax: 412-246-6636, e-mail:
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30
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Dahdouh O, Haddad C, Hany Z, Azar G, Lahoud C, Hallit S, Hachem D. Colour discrimination among patients with schizophrenia in Lebanon. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:193-200. [PMID: 31916882 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1711421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities and contrast sensitivity have already been studied in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between symptom severity in schizophrenia and colour vision sensitivity has not been studied systematically.Aim: Our objective was to evaluate colour discrimination in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls and examine if this colour discrimination is correlated with schizophrenia symptoms' severity.Methods: This case-control study, performed between January and April 2017, included 50 schizophrenic patients and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was used to determine the schizophrenia symptoms' severity. Colour discrimination was evaluated using the total error score (TES) generated using the Farnsworth D-15 test. The higher the TES, the more severe colourblindness.Results: A significantly higher mean TES was found in schizophrenics (30.32) compared to healthy patients (13.07) (p < 0.001). Colour blindness was correlated to the severity of schizophrenic symptoms only in the subgroup of patients with severe schizophrenia.Conclusion: Colour vision defect is a common feature in schizophrenia, and may be more significant when related to psychotic symptoms.KEY POINTSA significantly higher mean TES was found in schizophrenics compared to healthy patients.Colour blindness was correlated to the severity of schizophrenic symptoms only in the subgroup of patients with severe schizophrenia.Colour vision defect is a common feature in schizophrenia, and may be more significant when related to psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Hany
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Georges Azar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Corinne Lahoud
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dory Hachem
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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People with current major depression resemble healthy controls on flash Electroretinogram indices associated with impairment in people with stabilized schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 219:69-76. [PMID: 31375317 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flash electroretinography (fERG) has been used to identify anomalies in retinal functioning in several psychiatric disorders. In schizophrenia (SCZ), fERG abnormalities are reliably observed, but findings from studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) have been less consistent. In this study, fERG data were recorded from MDD patients in a current major depressive episode (n = 25), and compared to data from SCZ patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (HC; n = 25), to determine the degree to which fERG anomalies in acute MDD overlap or contrast with those observed in stabilized (though not symptom free) SCZ. The primary variables of interest were a-wave (photoreceptor activity), b-wave (bipolar-Müller cell activity), and photopic negative response (PhNR; ganglion cell activity) amplitudes and implicit times. Across most conditions, there were no significant differences between the MDD and HC groups in a- or b-wave response, but the SCZ group consistently demonstrated reduced amplitudes. Interestingly, MDD patients demonstrated an increase in photopic a-wave implicit time relative to SCZ patients, and a decrease in PhNR implicit time relative to controls. Correlations between BDI-II scores and fERG metrics were not significant for either patient group. Overall, these data indicate that, using an fERG protocol that distinguishes SCZ patients from controls, MDD patients experiencing a current depressive episode closely resemble healthy controls in their fERG responses. Therefore, MDD-related fERG changes may be more subtle than those observed in SCZ and detectable only with larger sample sizes than we employed and/or using a different set of fERG test parameters.
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Hummer TA, Yung MG, Goñi J, Conroy SK, Francis MM, Mehdiyoun NF, Breier A. Functional network connectivity in early-stage schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:107-115. [PMID: 32037204 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder of altered neural connections resulting in impaired information integration. Whole brain assessment of within- and between-network connections may determine how information processing is disrupted in schizophrenia. Patients with early-stage schizophrenia (n = 56) and a matched control sample (n = 32) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Gray matter regions were organized into nine distinct functional networks. Functional connectivity was calculated between 278 gray matter regions for each subject. Network connectivity properties were defined by the mean and variance of correlations of all regions. Whole-brain network measures of global efficiency (reflecting overall interconnectedness) and locations of hubs (key regions for communication) were also determined. The control sample had greater connectivity between the following network pairs: somatomotor-limbic, somatomotor-default mode, dorsal attention-default mode, ventral attention-limbic, and ventral attention-default mode. The patient sample had greater variance in interactions between ventral attention network and other functional networks. Illness duration was associated with overall increases in the variability of network connections. The control group had higher global efficiency and more hubs in the cerebellum network, while patient group hubs were more common in visual, frontoparietal, or subcortical networks. Thus, reduced functional connectivity in patients was largely present between distinct networks, rather than within-networks. The implications of these findings for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America; Indiana University Psychotic Disorders Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Matthew G Yung
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States of America
| | - Susan K Conroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Michael M Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Nicole F Mehdiyoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
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Pelletier-Baldelli A, Holt DJ. Are Negative Symptoms Merely the "Real World" Consequences of Deficits in Social Cognition? Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:236-241. [PMID: 31598707 PMCID: PMC7043060 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many investigations have demonstrated that negative symptoms and social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia play a large role in determining functional outcomes and ultimately long-term prognosis. Given this, there is increasing interest in understanding the relationship between these two symptom domains, particularly since studies have consistently found moderate to large associations between them. This shared variance raises a key question: to what degree do these two categories of symptoms arise from overlapping or identical changes in brain function? In other words, do some or all negative symptoms represent merely the downstream effects of social cognition deficits on daily functioning? In this commentary, the evidence for and against this possibility, limitations of currently validated empirical measurements of these symptoms, and directions for further investigation of this hypothesis are discussed. Understanding the shared and distinct mechanisms of these disabling deficits will have important implications for the design of novel, personalized treatments for psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelletier-Baldelli
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27513; tel: 919-966-1648, e-mail:
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Nemoto K, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:70-76. [PMID: 31596011 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with schizotypal disorder exhibit similar changes. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with schizotypal disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups. RESULTS Both schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups. CONCLUSION Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Ramsay IS, Schallmo MP, Biagianti B, Fisher M, Vinogradov S, Sponheim SR. Deficits in Auditory and Visual Sensory Discrimination Reflect a Genetic Liability for Psychosis and Predict Disruptions in Global Cognitive Functioning. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:638. [PMID: 32733293 PMCID: PMC7358403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory discrimination thresholds (i.e., the briefest stimulus that can be accurately perceived) can be measured using tablet-based auditory and visual sweep paradigms. These basic sensory functions have been found to be diminished in patients with psychosis. However, the extent to which worse sensory discrimination characterizes genetic liability for psychosis, and whether it is related to clinical symptomatology and community functioning remains unknown. In the current study we compared patients with psychosis (PSY; N=76), their first-degree biological relatives (REL; N=44), and groups of healthy controls (CON; N=13 auditory and visual/N=275 auditory/N=267 visual) on measures of auditory and visual sensory discrimination, and examined relationships with a battery of symptom, cognitive, and functioning measures. Sound sweep thresholds differed among the PSY, REL, and CON groups, driven by higher thresholds in the PSY compared to CON group, with the REL group showing intermediate thresholds. Visual thresholds also differed among the three groups, driven by higher thresholds in the REL versus CON group, and no significant differences between the REL and PSY groups. Across groups and among patients, higher thresholds (poorer discrimination) for both sound and visual sweeps strongly correlated with lower global cognitive scores. We conclude that low-level auditory and visual sensory discrimination deficits in psychosis may reflect genetic liability for psychotic illness. Critically, these deficits relate to global cognitive disruptions that are a hallmark of psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruno Biagianti
- Department of R&D, Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Thakkar KN, Rolfs M. Disrupted Corollary Discharge in Schizophrenia: Evidence From the Oculomotor System. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:773-781. [PMID: 31105039 PMCID: PMC6733648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Corollary discharge (CD) signals are motor-related signals that exert an influence on sensory processing. They allow mobile organisms to predict the sensory consequences of their imminent actions. Among the many functions of CD is to provide a means by which we can distinguish sensory experiences caused by our own actions from those with external causes. In this way, they contribute to a subjective sense of agency. A disruption in the sense of agency is central to many of the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, and abnormalities in CD signaling have been theorized to underpin particularly those agency-related psychotic symptoms of the illness. Characterizing abnormal CD associated with eye movements in schizophrenia and their resulting influence on visual processing and subsequent action plans may have advantages over other sensory and motor systems. That is because the most robust psychophysiological and neurophysiological data regarding the dynamics and influence of CD as well as the neural circuitry implicated in CD generation and transmission comes from the study of eye movements in humans and nonhuman primates. We review studies of oculomotor CD signaling in the schizophrenia spectrum and possible neurobiological correlates of CD disturbances. We conclude by speculating on the ways in which oculomotor CD dysfunction, specifically, may invoke specific experiences, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments. These speculations lay the groundwork for empirical study, and we conclude by outlining potentially fruitful research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - Martin Rolfs
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
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Wynn JK, Engel SA, Lee J, Reavis EA, Green MF. Evidence for intact stimulus-specific neural adaptation for visual objects in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: An ERP study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221409. [PMID: 31430347 PMCID: PMC6701832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People with schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) experience dysfunction in visual processing. Dysfunctional neural tuning, in which neurons and neuronal populations are selectively activated by specific features of visual stimuli, may contribute to these deficits. Few studies have examined this possibility and there are inconsistent findings of tuning deficits in the literature. We utilized an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm to examine neural adaptation for visual objects, a measure of neural tuning whereby neurons respond less strongly to the repeated presentation of the same stimulus. Seventy-seven SZ, 53 BD, and 49 healthy comparison participants (HC) were examined. In three separate conditions, pictures of objects were presented repeatedly: the same object (SS), different objects from the same category (e.g., two different vases; SD), or different objects from different categories (e.g., a barrel and a clock, DD). Mass-univariate cluster-based permutation analyses identified electrodes and time-windows in which there were significant differences between the SS vs. DD and the SD vs. DD conditions. Mean ERP amplitudes were extracted from these clusters and analyzed for group differences. Results revealed a significant condition difference over parieto-occipital electrodes for the SS-DD comparison between 109–164 ms and for the SD-DD comparison between 78–203 ms, with larger amplitudes in the DD compared to either SS or SD condition. However, there were no significant differences in the pattern of results between groups. Thus, while we found neural adaptation effects using this ERP paradigm, we did not find evidence of group differences. Our results suggest that people with SZ or BD may not exhibit deficits in neural tuning for processing of visual objects using this EEG task with rapidly presented stimuli. However, the results are inconsistent with other studies using different methodologies (e.g., fMRI, behavioral tasks) that have found tuning deficits in people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Wynn
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen A. Engel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Junghee Lee
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Reavis
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Green
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Demmin DL, Fradkin SI, Silverstein SM. Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dondé C, Mondino M, Brunelin J, Haesebaert F. Sensory-targeted cognitive training for schizophrenia. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:211-225. [PMID: 30741038 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1581609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auditory and visual dysfunctions are key pathophysiological features of schizophrenia (Sz). Therefore, remedial interventions that directly target such impairments could potentially drive gains in higher-order cognition (e.g., memory, executive functions, emotion processing), symptoms and functional outcome, in addition to improving sensory abilities in this population. Here, we reviewed available sensory-targeted cognitive training (S-TCT) programs that were investigated so far in Sz patients. Area covered: A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-seven relevant records were included. The superiority of S-TCT over control conditions on higher-order cognition measures was repeatedly demonstrated, but mostly lost significance at later endpoints of evaluation. Clinical symptoms and functional outcome were improved in a minority of studies. S-TCT interventions were associated with the relative normalization of several neurobiological biomarkers of neuroplasticity and sensory mechanisms. Expert commentary: S-TCT, although time-intensive, is a cost-efficient, safe and promising technique for Sz treatment. Its efficacy on higher-order cognition opens a critical window for clinical and functional improvement. The biological impact of S-TCT may allow for the identification of therapeutic biomarkers to further precision-medicine. Additional research is required to investigate the long-term effects of S-TCT, optimal training parameters and potential confounding factors associated with the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dondé
- a INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team , Lyon, F-69678 , France.,b University Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne, F-69000 , France.,c Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Department of Psychiatry , Bron, F-69000 , France
| | - Marine Mondino
- a INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team , Lyon, F-69678 , France.,b University Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne, F-69000 , France.,c Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Department of Psychiatry , Bron, F-69000 , France
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- a INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team , Lyon, F-69678 , France.,b University Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne, F-69000 , France.,c Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Department of Psychiatry , Bron, F-69000 , France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- a INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team , Lyon, F-69678 , France.,b University Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne, F-69000 , France.,c Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Department of Psychiatry , Bron, F-69000 , France
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Oker A, Del Goleto S, Vignes A, Passerieux C, Roux P, Gouet EB. Schizophrenia patients are impaired in recognition task but more for intentionality than physical causality. Conscious Cogn 2018; 67:98-107. [PMID: 30557768 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is now largely accepted that patients with schizophrenia have a deficit to attribute mental states to others, such as intentions, needs and motivations but also to perform memory tasks. According to one hypothesis, these impairments may be due to an early visual attention deficit during the encounter of social stimuli. Another hypothesis posits a robust correlation between intention attribution and autobiographical memory that results in impaired recollection of past events making it difficult to infer others' intentions. In sum, the link between intention attribution and encoding process is yet to be explored in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of the present study is to contribute to this debate by investigating whether schizophrenic patients' recollection can be boosted by an attentional cueing on relevant information and to determine the influence of two different situational contexts: attribution of intentions or physical causality scripts. By using a supraliminal attentional cue, we made relevant areas of our material more salient across two conditions: attribution of intentions (AI) and physical causality with human characters (PCCH). The results confirmed expected deficit of explicit memory in schizophrenia patients while attentional cueing on relevant areas for intentions attribution or physical causality had no effect on recollection in any group. However, it seems that the recollection performances are highly influenced by the nature of intentions attribution. Also, it is the first time that the material used for the assessment of theory of mind performances has been tested with a recognition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Oker
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition, Santé, Société), EA 6291, Department ESPE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Sarah Del Goleto
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (EA 2027), Université Paris Lumières, Paris 8, St. Denis, France
| | - Alice Vignes
- Laboratoire HANDIReSP (EA4047), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- Laboratoire HANDIReSP (EA4047), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Versailles, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Paul Roux
- Laboratoire HANDIReSP (EA4047), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Versailles, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Eric-Brunet Gouet
- Laboratoire HANDIReSP (EA4047), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Versailles, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
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Kogata T, Iidaka T. A review of impaired visual processing and the daily visual world in patients with schizophrenia. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:317-328. [PMID: 30214081 PMCID: PMC6125648 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated perceptual processes in patients with schizophrenia. Research confirms that visual impairments are one of the most important features of schizophrenia. Many studies, using behavioral and psychological experiments, confirm that visual impairments can be used to determine illness severity, state, and best treatments. Herein, we review recent research pertaining to visual function in patients with schizophrenia and highlight the relationship between laboratory findings and subjective, real-life reports from patients themselves. The purpose of this review is to 1) describe visual impairments that manifest in patients with schizophrenia, 2) examine the relationship between visual dysfunction, assessed by laboratory tests, and the experiences of patients themselves, and 3) describe real-life experiences related to visual function in this population. In this review, the impairments of motion and color perception, perceptual organization, and scan paths are summarized, along with the relationship between laboratory findings and patients' real-world subjective experiences related to visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kogata
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iidaka
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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The Relationship of Motivation and Neurocognition with Functionality in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analytic Review. Community Ment Health J 2018; 54:1019-1049. [PMID: 29605875 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role that neurocognition plays in functionality in schizophrenia has been widely examined, although in recent years increasing attention has been paid to the influence of motivation instead. This study provides a review of the relationship of neurocognition and motivation with functionality in schizophrenia, taking into account objective/subjective functionality assessment, demographic variables, and the different terms used when referring to motivation. A search of electronic databases identified 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria for review. Correlation coefficients between motivation and functionality and between neurocognition and functionality were extracted. For a better understanding, potential moderator variables were also extracted. Meta-analysis showed that both motivation and neurocognition assessments were strongly associated with functioning, with correlations between motivation and functional outcomes being stronger. However, more than three-quarters of the variance in outcome remained unexplained by the moderating factors examined. The paper concludes with recommendations for clinical practice and future research.
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Reddy LF, Horan WP, Barch DM, Buchanan RW, Gold JM, Marder SR, Wynn JK, Young J, Green MF. Understanding the Association Between Negative Symptoms and Performance on Effort-Based Decision-Making Tasks: The Importance of Defeatist Performance Beliefs. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1217-1226. [PMID: 29140501 PMCID: PMC6192468 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effort-based decision-making paradigms are increasingly utilized to gain insight into the nature of motivation deficits. Research has shown associations between effort-based decision making and experiential negative symptoms; however, the associations are not consistent. The current study had two primary goals. First, we aimed to replicate previous findings of a deficit in effort-based decision making among individuals with schizophrenia on a test of cognitive effort. Second, in a large sample combined from the current and a previous study, we sought to examine the association between negative symptoms and effort by including the related construct of defeatist beliefs. The results replicated previous findings of impaired cognitive effort-based decision making in schizophrenia. Defeatist beliefs significantly moderated the association between negative symptoms and effort-based decision making such that there was a strong association between high negative symptoms and deficits in effort-based decision making, but only among participants with high levels of defeatist beliefs. Thus, our findings suggest the relationship between negative symptoms and effort performance may be understood by taking into account the role of defeatist beliefs, and finding that might explain discrepancies in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felice Reddy
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: (310) 478–3711, fax: (310) 268–4056, e-mail:
| | - William P Horan
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jared Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
Effort-based decision making paradigms are increasingly utilized to gain insight into the nature of motivation deficits. Although these tasks are being used to assess effort and motivation in schizophrenia, little work has been done to confirm that effort-based decision making tasks validly manipulate effort. In the current study, we adapted the effort component a cognitive effort-based decision making task (the Deck Choice Effort Task) for use with pupillometric assessment. We sought to confirm with psychophysiology that cognitive effort is manipulated. We also examined correlations between physiological indicators of effort exertion and cognition and negative symptoms. The results confirmed manipulation of cognitive effort: there was a significant difference in pupillary responses between easy and difficult task conditions. Pupillary responses were also correlated with cognitive ability, and with negative symptoms when controlling for cognition. Thus, our findings offer physiological validation of an effort manipulation included in a cognitive effort-based decision making task for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felice Reddy
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
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Giordano GM, Koenig T, Mucci A, Vignapiano A, Amodio A, Di Lorenzo G, Siracusano A, Bellomo A, Altamura M, Monteleone P, Pompili M, Galderisi S, Maj M. Neurophysiological correlates of Avolition-apathy in schizophrenia: A resting-EEG microstates study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:627-636. [PMID: 30202724 PMCID: PMC6128100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The “Avolition-apathy” domain of the negative symptoms was found to include different symptoms by factor analytic studies on ratings derived by different scales. In particular, the relationship of anhedonia with this domain is controversial. Recently introduced negative symptom rating scales provide a better assessment of anhedonia, allowing the distinction of anticipatory and consummatory aspects, which might be related to different psychopathological dimensions. The study of associations with external validators, such as electrophysiological, brain imaging or cognitive indices, might shed further light on the status of anhedonia within the Avolition-apathy domain. Objectives We used brain electrical microstates (MSs), which represent subsecond periods of quasi-stable scalp electrical field, associated with resting-state neural networks (and thus with global patterns of functional connectivity), to test whether the component symptoms of Avolition-apathy share the same correlates. Method We analyzed multichannel resting EEGs in 142 individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and in 64 healthy controls (HC), recruited within the add-on EEG study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Relative time contribution, duration and occurrence of four MS classes (MS-A/-B/-C/−D) were calculated. Group differences on MS parameters (contribution and duration) and their associations with negative symptom domains (assessed using the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale) were investigated. Results SCZ, in comparison to HC, showed increased contribution and duration of MS-C. The contribution of MS-A positively correlated with Avolition-apathy, but not with Expressive deficit. Within the Avolition-apathy domain, anticipatory anhedonia, avolition and asociality, but not consummatory anhedonia, showed the same correlations with MS-A contribution. Conclusion Our findings support the existence of distinct electrophysiological correlates of Avolition-apathy with respect to Expressive deficit, and lend support to the hypothesis that only the anticipatory component of anhedonia shares the same pathophysiological underpinnings of the Avolition-apathy domain. Microstate C contribution and duration were increased in SCZ compared to HC. Avolition-apathy was correlated with the contribution of microstate A. Avolition-apathy might be associated with sensory processing deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Vignapiano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Amodio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Davidson CA, Kiat JE, Tarasenko M, Ritchie AJ, Molfese D, Spaulding WD. Exploring electrophysiological correlates of social cognition in subclinical schizotypy. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:179-191. [PMID: 29603664 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in social cognition and associated abnormalities in brain function are well documented in psychotic disorders. They may represent neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and may therefore be present in less severe or even subclinical conditions of the schizophrenia spectrum, such as schizotypy. Schizotypy has features highly suggestive of social cognitive impairments, but little is known about possible related abnormalities of brain function. This exploratory pilot study examines electrophysiological event-related potentials (ERPs) implicated in schizophrenia, in 23 undergraduates with a range of subclinical schizotypal characteristics. ERPs were recorded in response to emotional face stimuli in an experimental paradigm designed to assess very early stages of social stimulus processing. Three ERPs were assessed, P100, N170 and P300. P100 and P300 were found to be related to multiple schizotypal features, but N170 was not. The results support occurrence of social cognitive impairments linked to abnormal brain function across the schizophrenia spectrum. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Kiat
- Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - A Jocelyn Ritchie
- Psychology, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dennis Molfese
- Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Llerena K, Reddy LF, Kern RS. The role of experiential and expressive negative symptoms on job obtainment and work outcome in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:148-153. [PMID: 28599750 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Unemployment rates for schizophrenia are high across all age groups compared to the general population. Past studies have focused on neurocognition as a key determinant of unemployment and poor work outcome in schizophrenia. However, several recent studies suggest that clinical symptoms may be equally or more important than cognitive dysfunction for understanding employment difficulties. An enhanced understanding of the domains of negative symptoms that hinder job obtainment and work outcomes in people with schizophrenia is vital for developing treatments that translate into better employment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 112 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving supported employment services differed on experiential and expressive negative symptoms based on whether they obtained a job or remained unemployed. Further, in a subset of workers, this study examined the relationship of experiential "motivational" negative symptoms with work outcomes (weeks worked, hours worked, wages earned). Neurocognition was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Experiential, but not expressive, negative symptoms were related to job obtainment, hours worked, and wages earned. However, these findings were attenuated and non-significant after controlling for age. These results suggest that experiential negative symptoms are potentially key to better understanding employment outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia receiving supported employment services, but further work is needed to untangle its significance vis-à-vis other individual, environmental, and program factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiah Llerena
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - L Felice Reddy
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert S Kern
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Khan A, Liharska L, Harvey PD, Atkins A, Ulshen D, Keefe RSE. Negative Symptom Dimensions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Across Geographical Regions: Implications for Social, Linguistic, and Cultural Consistency. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 14:30-40. [PMID: 29410935 PMCID: PMC5788249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Recognizing the discrete dimensions that underlie negative symptoms in schizophrenia and how these dimensions are understood across localities might result in better understanding and treatment of these symptoms. To this end, the objectives of this study were to 1) identify the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptom dimensions of expressive deficits and experiential deficits and 2) analyze performance on these dimensions over 15 geographical regions to determine whether the items defining them manifest similar reliability across these regions. Design: Data were obtained for the baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale visits of 6,889 subjects across 15 geographical regions. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we examined whether a two-factor negative symptom structure that is found in schizophrenia (experiential deficits and expressive deficits) would be replicated in our sample, and using differential item functioning, we tested the degree to which specific items from each negative symptom subfactor performed across geographical regions in comparison with the United States. Results: The two-factor negative symptom solution was replicated in this sample. Most geographical regions showed moderate-to-large differential item functioning for Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale expressive deficit items, especially N3 Poor Rapport, as compared with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale experiential deficit items, showing that these items might be interpreted or scored differently in different regions. Across countries, except for India, the differential item functioning values did not favor raters in the United States. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptom factor can be better represented by a two-factor model than by a single-factor model. Additionally, the results show significant differences in responses to items representing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale expressive factors, but not the experiential factors, across regions. This could be due to a lack of equivalence between the original and translated versions, cultural differences with the interpretation of items, dissimilarities in rater training, or diversity in the understanding of scoring anchors. Knowing which items are challenging for raters across regions can help to guide Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale training and improve the results of international clinical trials aimed at negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzalee Khan
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lora Liharska
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Atkins
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Ulshen
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Dr. Khan is Senior Biostatistician at NeuroCog Trials and holds an appointment in the Psychopharmacology Research Program at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York
- Ms. Liharska is a researcher at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York
- Dr. Harvey is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Florida
- Dr. Atkins and Mr. Ulshen are employees of NeuroCog Trials
- Dr. Keefe is an employee of NeuroCog Trials and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Institute for Brain Sciences in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Timucin OB, Mutlu EA, Timucin D, Aslanci ME, Isikligil I, Karadag MF, Kizildag Ozbay E. Psychophysical assessment of koniocellular pathway in patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 266:27-34. [PMID: 28577432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to perform psychophysical assessment of koniocellular pathway in patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls. A total of 26 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls were included. Snellen Visual Acuity Chart scores and Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP) visual field testing including global visual field indices [mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), test time (min)], reliability parameters [false negative responses (%), false positive responses (%) and fixed losses (%)] and average threshold sensitivity [central (parafovea), peripheral area, and four quadrants] were recorded in both groups. Significantly lower MD scores, higher PSD scores and lower average threshold sensitivity at each location across the visual field were noted in schizophrenia relative to control group. In conclusion, our findings revealed a deficit in koniocellular pathway with impaired SWAP global indices and lower threshold sensitivity at each location across the visual field among chronic schizophrenic patients as compared with control subjects. Our findings emphasize potential application of SWAP outside its original intended purpose as a glaucoma test, to provide deeper understanding of the specific contribution of lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual and cognitive disturbances of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damla Timucin
- Department of Psychiatry, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Isil Isikligil
- Department of Ophthalmology Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
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