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Nunes EJ, Kebede N, Rajadhyaksha AM, Addy NA. L-type calcium channel regulation of depression, anxiety and anhedonia-related behavioral phenotypes following chronic stress exposure. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110031. [PMID: 38871116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic and unpredictable stressors can precipitate mood-related disorders in humans, particularly in individuals with pre-existing mental health challenges. L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, as LTCC encoding genes have been identified as candidate risk factors for neuropsychiatric illnesses. In these sets of experiments, we sought to examine the ability of LTCC blockade to alter depression, anxiety, and anhedonic-related behavioral responses to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) exposure in female and male rats. Rats first underwent either 21 days of CUS or no exposure to chronic stressors, serving as home cage controls (HCC). Then rats were examined for anhedonia-related behavior, anxiety and depression-like behavioral responses as measured by the sucrose preference test (SPT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and forced swim test (FST). CUS exposed females and males showed anhedonic and anxiogenic-like behavioral responses on the SPT and EPM, respectively, when compared to HCCs. In female and male rats, systemic administration of the LTCC blocker isradipine (0.4 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg, I.P.) attenuated the CUS-induced decrease in sucrose preference and reversed the CUS-induced decrease in open arm time. In the FST, systemic isradipine decreased immobility time across all groups, consistent with an antidepressant-like response. However, there were no significant differences in forced swim test immobility time between HCC and CUS exposed animals. Taken together, these data point to a role of LTCCs in the regulation of mood disorder-related behavioral phenotype responses to chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nardos Kebede
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Almodóvar-Payá C, Guardiola-Ripoll M, Giralt-López M, Oscoz-Irurozqui M, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Madre M, Soler-Vidal J, Ramiro N, Callado LF, Arias B, Gallego C, Pomarol-Clotet E, Fatjó-Vilas M. NRN1 epistasis with BDNF and CACNA1C: mediation effects on symptom severity through neuroanatomical changes in schizophrenia. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1299-1315. [PMID: 38720004 PMCID: PMC11147852 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The expression of Neuritin-1 (NRN1), a neurotrophic factor crucial for neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity, is enhanced by the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Although the receptor of NRN1 remains unclear, it is suggested that NRN1's activation of the insulin receptor (IR) pathway promotes the transcription of the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C). These three genes have been independently associated with schizophrenia (SZ) risk, symptomatology, and brain differences. However, research on how they synergistically modulate these phenotypes is scarce. We aimed to study whether the genetic epistasis between these genes affects the risk and clinical presentation of the disorder via its effect on brain structure. First, we tested the epistatic effect of NRN1 and BDNF or CACNA1C on (i) the risk for SZ, (ii) clinical symptoms severity and functionality (onset, PANSS, CGI and GAF), and (iii) brain cortical structure (thickness, surface area and volume measures estimated using FreeSurfer) in a sample of 86 SZ patients and 89 healthy subjects. Second, we explored whether those brain clusters influenced by epistatic effects mediate the clinical profiles. Although we did not find a direct epistatic impact on the risk, our data unveiled significant effects on the disorder's clinical presentation. Specifically, the NRN1-rs10484320 x BDNF-rs6265 interplay influenced PANSS general psychopathology, and the NRN1-rs4960155 x CACNA1C-rs1006737 interaction affected GAF scores. Moreover, several interactions between NRN1 SNPs and BDNF-rs6265 significantly influenced the surface area and cortical volume of the frontal, parietal, and temporal brain regions within patients. The NRN1-rs10484320 x BDNF-rs6265 epistasis in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex fully mediated the effect on PANSS general psychopathology. Our study not only adds clinical significance to the well-described molecular relationship between NRN1 and BDNF but also underscores the utility of deconstructing SZ into biologically validated brain-imaging markers to explore their mediation role in the path from genetics to complex clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Almodóvar-Payá
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Guardiola-Ripoll
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER (Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Giralt-López
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maitane Oscoz-Irurozqui
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Salud Mental de Gipuzkoa, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Erick Jorge Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mercè Madre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Soler-Vidal
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Benito Menni, Germanes Hospitalàries, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Ramiro
- Hospital San Rafael, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
- BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Gallego
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Shen G, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Kang Y, Luo X, Wang F, Wang W. ANK3 rs10994336 and ZNF804A rs7597593 polymorphisms: genetic interaction for emotional and behavioral symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38702695 PMCID: PMC11067186 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a complex condition associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), characterized by significant variations in symptom severity among patients. The psychological and emotional symptoms accompanying AWS significantly contribute to withdrawal distress and relapse risk. Despite the importance of neural adaptation processes in AWS, limited genetic investigations have been conducted. This study primarily focuses on exploring the single and interaction effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ANK3 and ZNF804A genes on anxiety and aggression severity manifested in AWS. By examining genetic associations with withdrawal-related psychopathology, we ultimately aim to advance understanding the genetic underpinnings that modulate AWS severity. METHODS The study involved 449 male patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were used to assess emotional and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed using PCR. RESULTS Single-gene analysis revealed that naturally occurring allelic variants in ANK3 rs10994336 (CC homozygous vs. T allele carriers) were associated with mood and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. Furthermore, the interaction between ANK3 and ZNF804A was significantly associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms related to AWS, as indicated by MANOVA. Two-way ANOVA further demonstrated a significant interaction effect between ANK3 rs10994336 and ZNF804A rs7597593 on anxiety, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed these findings. Additionally, simple effects analysis and multiple comparisons revealed that carriers of the ANK3 rs10994336 T allele experienced more severe AWS, while the ZNF804A rs7597593 T allele appeared to provide protection against the risk associated with the ANK3 rs10994336 mutation. CONCLUSION This study highlights the gene-gene interaction between ANK3 and ZNF804A, which plays a crucial role in modulating emotional and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. The ANK3 rs10994336 T allele is identified as a risk allele, while the ZNF804A rs7597593 T allele offers protection against the risk associated with the ANK3 rs10994336 mutation. These findings provide initial support for gene-gene interactions as an explanation for psychiatric risk, offering valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325006, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Thiel K, Lemke H, Winter A, Flinkenflügel K, Waltemate L, Bonnekoh L, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Hahn T, Förster K, Kanske P, Repple J, Opel N, Redlich R, David F, Forstner AJ, Stein F, Brosch K, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Teutenberg L, Straube B, Alexander N, Jamalabadi H, Jansen A, Witt SH, Andlauer TFM, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Nenadić I, Kircher T, Meinert S, Dannlowski U. White and gray matter alterations in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder subtypes compared with healthy controls - exploring associations with disease course and polygenic risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:814-823. [PMID: 38332015 PMCID: PMC10948847 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show alterations in both gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) integrity compared with healthy controls (HC). However, it remains unclear whether the phenotypically distinct BD subtypes (BD-I and BD-II) also exhibit brain structural differences. This study investigated GMV and WM differences between HC, BD-I, and BD-II, along with clinical and genetic associations. N = 73 BD-I, n = 63 BD-II patients and n = 136 matched HC were included. Using voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics, main effects of group in GMV and fractional anisotropy (FA) were analyzed. Associations between clinical and genetic features and GMV or FA were calculated using regression models. For FA but not GMV, we found significant differences between groups. BD-I patients showed lower FA compared with BD-II patients (ptfce-FWE = 0.006), primarily in the anterior corpus callosum. Compared with HC, BD-I patients exhibited lower FA in widespread clusters (ptfce-FWE < 0.001), including almost all major projection, association, and commissural fiber tracts. BD-II patients also demonstrated lower FA compared with HC, although less pronounced (ptfce-FWE = 0.049). The results remained unchanged after controlling for clinical and genetic features, for which no independent associations with FA or GMV emerged. Our findings suggest that, at a neurobiological level, BD subtypes may reflect distinct degrees of disease expression, with increasing WM microstructure disruption from BD-II to BD-I. This differential magnitude of microstructural alterations was not clearly linked to clinical and genetic variables. These findings should be considered when discussing the classification of BD subtypes within the spectrum of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kira Flinkenflügel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Linda Bonnekoh
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Friederike David
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Teutenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Jamalabadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Novaes de Oliveira Roldan AC, Fernandes Júnior LCC, de Oliveira CEC, Nunes SOV. Impact of ZNF804A rs1344706 or CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms on cognition in patients with severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:195-208. [PMID: 35786202 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2097308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis focussed on insights into the relationship between CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum and bipolar disorder (BD) and provide some contributions for clinical practice. METHODS We searched the websites databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using eligibility and exclusion criteria to capture all potential studies, based on PICO model and according to the PRISMA. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this systematic review (five referring to CACNA1C-rs1006737 and three related to ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms), with a total of 5759 participants (1751 SCZ patients, 348 BD patients, 3626 controls and 34 first-degree relatives). The results demonstrated that the pooled effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737 (risk difference RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.15) was associated with altered cognitive function in patients with severe mental disorders, but not ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphism (RD = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09-0.48. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis provides evidence regarding slight association between CACNA1C-rs1006737 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in severe mental disorders, indicating that cognitive impairment in severe mental disorders associated with the CACNA1C rs1006737 risk variants could only be expressed when interacting with environmental exposures. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021246726.
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Schmitt A, Falkai P, Papiol S. Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:195-205. [PMID: 36370183 PMCID: PMC9660136 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since more than 3 decades, schizophrenia (SZ) has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that SZ is associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, which influence connectivity in neuronal circuits during vulnerable developmental periods. We carried out a non-systematic review of genetic/environmental factors that increase SZ risk in light of its neurodevelopmental hypothesis. We also reviewed the potential impact of SZ-related environmental and genetic risk factors on grey and white matter pathology and brain function based on magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem studies. Finally, we reviewed studies that have used patient-derived neuronal models to gain knowledge of the role of genetic and environmental factors in early developmental stages. Taken together, these studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors may interact with genetic risk factors during the pre- or postnatal period and/or during adolescence to induce symptoms of SZ in early adulthood. These risk factors induce disturbances of macro- and microconnectivity in brain regions involving the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices and the hippocampus. On the molecular and cellular level, a disturbed synaptic plasticity, loss of oligodendrocytes and impaired myelination have been shown in brain regions of SZ patients. These cellular/histological phenotypes are related to environmental risk factors such as obstetric complications, maternal infections and childhood trauma and genetic risk factors identified in recent genome-wide association studies. SZ-related genetic risk may contribute to active processes interfering with synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Advances in stem cell technologies are providing promising mechanistic insights into how SZ risk factors impact the developing brain. Further research is needed to understand the timing of the different complex biological processes taking place as a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Nunes EJ, Addy NA. L-type calcium channel regulation of dopamine activity in the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway: Implications for substance use, mood disorders and co-morbidities. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109336. [PMID: 36414149 PMCID: PMC11215796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), including the Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 LTCC subtypes, are important regulators of calcium entry into neurons, which mediates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 are encoded by the CACNA1C and CACNA1D genes, respectively. These genes are implicated in substance use disorders and depression in humans, as demonstrated by genetic-wide association studies (GWAS). Pre-clinical models have also revealed a critical role of LTCCs on drug and mood related behavior, including the co-morbidity of substance use and mood disorders. Moreover, LTCCs have been shown to regulate the neuronal firing of dopamine (DA) neurons as well as drug and stress-induced plasticity within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. Thus, LTCCs are interesting targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to voltage-gated calcium channels, specifically focusing on the LTCCs. We place particular emphasis on the ability of LTCCs to regulate DA neuronal activity and downstream signaling in the VTA to NAc pathway, and how such processes mediate substance use and mood disorder-related behavioral responses. We also discuss the bi-directional control of VTA LTCCs on drug and mood-related behaviors in pre-clinical models, with implications for co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis. We conclude with a section on the clinical implications of LTCC blockers, many which are already FDA approved as cardiac medications. Thus, pre-clinical and clinical work should examine the potential of LTCC blockers to be repurposed for neuropsychiatric illness. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'L-type calcium channel mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Nii A. Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
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Caulfield ME, Manfredsson FP, Steece-Collier K. The Role of Striatal Cav1.3 Calcium Channels in Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:107-137. [PMID: 36592226 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms that include rigidity, tremor, and akinesia/bradykinesia, in addition to a host of non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms are caused by progressive and selective degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the SN pars compacta (SNpc) and the accompanying loss of striatal DA innervation from these neurons. With the exception of monogenic forms of PD, the etiology of idiopathic PD remains unknown. While there are a number of symptomatic treatment options available to individuals with PD, these therapies do not work uniformly well in all patients, and eventually most are plagued with waning efficacy and significant side-effect liability with disease progression. The incidence of PD increases with aging, and as such the expected burden of this disease will continue to escalate as our aging population increases (Dorsey et al. Neurology 68:384-386, 2007). The daunting personal and socioeconomic burden has pressed scientists and clinicians to find improved symptomatic treatment options devoid side-effect liability and meaningful disease-modifying therapies. Federal and private sources have supported clinical investigations over the past two-plus decades; however, no trial has yet been successful in finding an effective therapy to slow progression of PD, and there is currently just one FDA approved drug to treat the antiparkinsonian side-effect known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) that impacts approximately 90% of all individuals with PD. In this review, we present biological rationale and experimental evidence on the potential therapeutic role of the L-type voltage-gated Cav1.3 calcium (Ca2+) channels in two distinct brain regions, with two distinct mechanisms of action, in impacting the lives of individuals with PD. Our primary emphasis will be on the role of Cav1.3 channels in the striatum and the compelling evidence of their involvement in LID side-effect liability. We also briefly discuss the role of these same Ca2+ channels in the SNpc and the longstanding interest in Cav1.3 in this brain region in halting or delaying progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Caulfield
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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9
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Neuroimaging genetics of oxytocin: A transcriptomics-informed systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Guardiola-Ripoll M, Almodóvar-Payá C, Lubeiro A, Sotero A, Salvador R, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Salgado-Pineda P, Papiol S, Ortiz-Gil J, Gomar JJ, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Sarró S, Maristany T, Molina V, Pomarol-Clotet E, Fatjó-Vilas M. A functional neuroimaging association study on the interplay between two schizophrenia genome-wide associated genes (CACNA1C and ZNF804A). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1229-1239. [PMID: 35796825 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The CACNA1C and the ZNF804A genes are among the most relevant schizophrenia GWAS findings. Recent evidence shows that the interaction of these genes with the schizophrenia diagnosis modulates brain functional response to a verbal fluency task. To better understand how these genes might influence the risk for schizophrenia, we aimed to study the interplay between CACNA1C and ZNF804A on working memory brain functional correlates. The analyses included functional and behavioural N-back task data (obtained from an fMRI protocol) and CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 genotypes for 78 healthy subjects and 78 patients with schizophrenia (matched for age, sex and premorbid IQ). We tested the effects of the epistasis between these genes as well as of the three-way interaction (CACNA1C × ZNAF804A × diagnosis) on working memory-associated activity (N-back: 2-back vs 1-back). We detected a significant CACNA1C × ZNAF804A interaction on working memory functional response in regions comprising the ventral caudate medially and within the left hemisphere, the superior and inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, the superior temporal pole and the ventral-anterior insula. The individuals with the GWAS-identified risk genotypes (CACNA1C-AA/AG and ZNF804A-AA) displayed a reduced working memory modulation response. This genotypic combination was also associated with opposite brain activity patterns between patients and controls. While further research will help to comprehend the neurobiological mechanisms of this interaction, our data highlight the role of the epistasis between CACNA1C and ZNF804A in the functional mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guardiola-Ripoll
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Almodóvar-Payá
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sotero
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jordi Ortiz-Gil
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús J Gomar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- The Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Maristany
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Vouga Ribeiro N, Tavares V, Bramon E, Toulopoulou T, Valli I, Shergill S, Murray R, Prata D. Effects of psychosis-associated genetic markers on brain volumetry: a systematic review of replicated findings and an independent validation. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1-16. [PMID: 36168994 PMCID: PMC9811278 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given psychotic illnesses' high heritability and associations with brain structure, numerous neuroimaging-genetics findings have been reported in the last two decades. However, few findings have been replicated. In the present independent sample we aimed to replicate any psychosis-implicated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which had previously shown at least two main effects on brain volume. METHODS A systematic review for SNPs showing a replicated effect on brain volume yielded 25 studies implicating seven SNPs in five genes. Their effect was then tested in 113 subjects with either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, 'at risk mental state' or healthy state, for whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) associations with grey and white matter volume changes, using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS We found FWER-corrected (Family-wise error rate) (i.e. statistically significant) associations of: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger bilateral hippocampus and thalamus white matter, across the whole brain; and (2) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger superior frontal gyrus, as ROI. Higher replication concordance with existing literature was found, in decreasing order, for: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A, with larger dorsolateral-prefrontal/superior frontal gyrus and hippocampi (both with anatomical and directional concordance); (2) ZNF804A-rs11681373-A, with smaller angular gyrus grey matter and rectus gyri white matter (both with anatomical and directional concordance); and (3) BDNF-rs6265-T with superior frontal and middle cingulate gyri volume change (with anatomical and allelic concordance). CONCLUSIONS Most literature findings were not herein replicated. Nevertheless, high degree/likelihood of replication was found for two genome-wide association studies- and one candidate-implicated SNPs, supporting their involvement in psychosis and brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vouga Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Tavares
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychology & National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Centre (ASBAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sukhi Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Alba-González A, Yáñez J, Anadón R, Folgueira M. Neurogranin-like immunoreactivity in the zebrafish brain during development. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2593-2607. [PMID: 36018391 PMCID: PMC9618489 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Nrgn) is a neural protein that is enriched in the cerebral cortex and is involved in synaptic plasticity via its interaction with calmodulin. Recently we reported its expression in the brain of the adult zebrafish (Alba-González et al. J Comp Neurol 530:1569–1587, 2022). In this study we analyze the development of Nrgn-like immunoreactivity (Nrgn-like-ir) in the brain and sensory structures of zebrafish embryos and larvae, using whole mounts and sections. First Nrgn-like positive neurons appeared by 2 day post-fertilization (dpf) in restricted areas of the brain, mostly in the pallium, epiphysis and hindbrain. Nrgn-like populations increased noticeably by 3 dpf, reaching an adult-like pattern in 6 dpf. Most Nrgn-like positive neurons were observed in the olfactory organ, retina (most ganglion cells, some amacrine and bipolar cells), pallium, lateral hypothalamus, thalamus, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, octavolateralis area, and viscerosensory column. Immunoreactivity was also observed in axonal tracts originating in Nrgn-like neuronal populations, namely, the projection of Nrgn-like immunopositive primary olfactory fibers to olfactory glomeruli, that of Nrgn-like positive pallial cells to the hypothalamus, the Nrgn-like-ir optic nerve to the pretectum and optic tectum, the Nrgn-like immunolabeled lateral hypothalamus to the contralateral region via the horizontal commissure, the octavolateralis area to the midbrain via the lateral lemniscus, and the viscerosensory column to the dorsal isthmus via the secondary gustatory tract. The late expression of Nrgn in zebrafish neurons is probably related to functional maturation of higher brain centers, as reported in the mammalian telencephalon. The analysis of Nrgn expression in the zebrafish brain suggests that it may be a useful marker for specific neuronal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba-González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain.
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13
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Kheradmand A, AbediYekta AH, Safarzadeh H, Ganjalikhani M. Physical fitness in patients with bipolar disorder compared with a population-based sample. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e507. [PMID: 35155831 PMCID: PMC8827274 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate physical fitness and body composition in a sample including hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder and to compare them with a population-based sample. METHODS In this comparative observational study, 40 bipolar patients and 40 healthy subjects in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2019 were assessed. The physical fitness items such as body mass index (BMI), body fat, push-up test, curl-up test, VO2 peak, and sit and reach test were compared across the groups. Young Mania Rating Scale for assessing the severity of bipolar disease and WHODAS2.0 for the estimation of global performance were done in the case group. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrate that sit and reach test, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percent were similar across the studied groups. The push-up test, curl-up test, and VO2 peak (P = .001) were significantly lower in the case group. In the case group, only the push-up test was associated with the severity of bipolar disorder and decreased performance. CONCLUSION Lower push-up and curl-up can indicate an increase in both back and neck pains in these patients. Low VO2 peak in these patients increases the risk of heart disease and mortality rates in bipolar patients. The push-up test can be used as a screen test to estimate the severity of the bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kheradmand
- Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Hossein AbediYekta
- Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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14
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Dashtban S, Haj-Nasrolah-Fard F, Kosari Z, Ghamari R, Forouzesh F, Alizadeh F. ANK3 and ZNF804A intronic variants increase risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population: An association study. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Lin P, Sun J, Lou X, Li D, Shi Y, Li Z, Ma P, Li P, Chen S, Jin W, Liu S, Chen Q, Gao Q, Zhu L, Xu J, Zhu M, Wang M, Liang K, Zhao L, Xu H, Dong K, Li Q, Cheng X, Chen J, Guo X. Consensus on potential biomarkers developed for use in clinical tests for schizophrenia. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100685. [PMID: 35309241 PMCID: PMC8867318 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness. If left undiagnosed and untreated, schizophrenia results in impaired social function, repeated hospital admissions, reduced quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Clinical diagnosis largely relies on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences, and reported behavioural abnormalities followed by psychiatric evaluation. In addition, psychoses may occur along with other conditions, and the symptoms are often episodic and transient, posing a significant challenge to the precision of diagnosis. Therefore, objective, specific tests using biomarkers are urgently needed for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice.AimsWe aimed to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations, with a summary of laboratory measurements that could potentially be used as biomarkers for schizophrenia, and to discuss directions for future research.MethodsWe searched publications within the last 10 years with the following keywords: ‘schizophrenia’, ‘gene’, ‘inflammation’, ‘neurotransmitter’, ‘protein marker’, ‘gut microbiota’, ‘pharmacogenomics’ and ‘biomarker’. A draft of the consensus was discussed and agreed on by all authors at a round table session.ResultsWe summarised the characteristics of candidate diagnostic markers for schizophrenia, including genetic, inflammatory, neurotransmitter, peripheral protein, pharmacogenomic and gut microbiota markers. We also proposed a novel laboratory process for diagnosing schizophrenia in clinical practice based on the evidence summarised in this paper.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed to identify schizophrenia-specific genetic and epigenetic markers for precise diagnosis, differential diagnosis and ethnicity-specific markers for the Chinese population. The development of novel laboratory techniques is making it possible to use these biomarkers clinically to diagnose disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Sun
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu’an, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Dong
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Editorial Office of General Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Guan F, Ni T, Zhu W, Williams LK, Cui LB, Li M, Tubbs J, Sham PC, Gui H. Integrative omics of schizophrenia: from genetic determinants to clinical classification and risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:113-126. [PMID: 34193973 PMCID: PMC11018294 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability and complex inheritance. In the past decade, successful identification of numerous susceptibility loci has provided useful insights into the molecular etiology of SCZ. However, applications of these findings to clinical classification and diagnosis, risk prediction, or intervention for SCZ have been limited, and elucidating the underlying genomic and molecular mechanisms of SCZ is still challenging. More recently, multiple Omics technologies - genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, connectomics, and gut microbiomics - have all been applied to examine different aspects of SCZ pathogenesis. Integration of multi-Omics data has thus emerged as an approach to provide a more comprehensive view of biological complexity, which is vital to enable translation into assessments and interventions of clinical benefit to individuals with SCZ. In this review, we provide a broad survey of the single-omics studies of SCZ, summarize the advantages and challenges of different Omics technologies, and then focus on studies in which multiple omics data are integrated to unravel the complex pathophysiology of SCZ. We believe that integration of multi-Omics technologies would provide a roadmap to create a more comprehensive picture of interactions involved in the complex pathogenesis of SCZ, constitute a rich resource for elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of the illness, and eventually improve clinical assessments and interventions of SCZ to address clinical translational questions from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Ni
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Justin Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Behavioral Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
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17
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Zhao SW, Xu X, Wang XY, Yan TC, Cao Y, Yan QH, Chen K, Jin YC, Zhang YH, Yin H, Cui LB. Shaping the Trans-Scale Properties of Schizophrenia via Cerebral Alterations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Coding and Non-Coding Regions. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:720239. [PMID: 34566604 PMCID: PMC8458928 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.720239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with genetic heterogeneity, which is often accompanied by alterations in brain structure and function. The neurobiological mechanism of schizophrenia associated with heredity remains unknown. Recently, the development of trans-scale and multi-omics methods that integrate gene and imaging information sheds new light on the nature of schizophrenia. In this article, we summarized the results of brain structural and functional changes related to the specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the past decade, and the SNPs were divided into non-coding regions and coding regions, respectively. It is hoped that the relationship between SNPs and cerebral alterations can be displayed more clearly and intuitively, so as to provide fresh approaches for the discovery of potential biomarkers and the development of clinical accurate individualized treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xian Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Cai Yan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Hong Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin-Chuan Jin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Fears SC, Service SK, Kremeyer B, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Franco J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya P, Aldana I, Teshiba TM, Al-Sharif NB, Jalbrzikowski M, Tishler TA, Escobar J, Ruiz-Linares A, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Cantor RM, Sabatti C, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Genome-wide mapping of brain phenotypes in extended pedigrees with strong genetic loading for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5229-5238. [PMID: 32606377 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, associated with alterations of brain structure. As such, identification of genes influencing inter-individual differences in brain morphology may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BP). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to phenotypic variance of brain structure, structural neuroimages were acquired from family members (n = 527) of extended pedigrees heavily loaded for bipolar disorder ascertained from genetically isolated populations in Latin America. Genome-wide linkage and association analysis were conducted on the subset of heritable brain traits that showed significant evidence of association with bipolar disorder (n = 24) to map QTL influencing regional measures of brain volume and cortical thickness. Two chromosomal regions showed significant evidence of linkage; a QTL on chromosome 1p influencing corpus callosum volume and a region on chromosome 7p linked to cortical volume. Association analysis within the two QTLs identified three SNPs correlated with the brain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Section of Mental Health, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Maria C Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noor B Al-Sharif
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.,UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Molina
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,BioCiencias Lab, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Nayak R, Rosh I, Kustanovich I, Stern S. Mood Stabilizers in Psychiatric Disorders and Mechanisms Learnt from In Vitro Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9315. [PMID: 34502224 PMCID: PMC8431659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia are psychiatric disorders that manifest unusual mental, behavioral, and emotional patterns leading to suffering and disability. These disorders span heterogeneous conditions with variable heredity and elusive pathophysiology. Mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproic acid (VPA) have been shown to be effective in BD and, to some extent in schizophrenia. This review highlights the efficacy of lithium and VPA treatment in several randomized, controlled human trials conducted in patients suffering from BD and schizophrenia. Furthermore, we also address the importance of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a disease model for mirroring the disease's phenotypes. In BD, iPSC-derived neurons enabled finding an endophenotype of hyperexcitability with increased hyperpolarizations. Some of the disease phenotypes were significantly alleviated by lithium treatment. VPA studies have also reported rescuing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reducing activity. Another significant contribution of iPSC models can be attributed to studying the molecular etiologies of schizophrenia such as abnormal differentiation of patient-derived neural stem cells, decreased neuronal connectivity and neurite number, impaired synaptic function, and altered gene expression patterns. Overall, despite significant advances using these novel models, much more work remains to fully understand the mechanisms by which these disorders affect the patients' brains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (R.N.); (I.R.); (I.K.)
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20
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Cazes J, Dimick MK, Kennedy KG, Fiksenbaum L, Zai CC, Patel R, Islam AH, Tampakeras M, Freeman N, Kennedy JL, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Structural neuroimaging phenotypes of a novel multi-gene risk score in youth bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:135-143. [PMID: 33979723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is among the most heritable psychiatric disorders, particularly in early-onset cases, owing to multiple genes of small effect. Here we examine a multi-gene risk score (MGRS), to address the gap in multi-gene research in early-onset BD. METHODS MGRS was derived from 34 genetic variants relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases and related systemic processes. Multiple MGRS were calculated across a spectrum of inclusion p-value thresholds, based on allelic associations with BD. Youth participants (123 BD, 103 healthy control [HC]) of European descent were included, of which 101 participants (58 BD, 43 HC) underwent MRI T1-weighted structural neuroimaging. Hierarchical regressions examined for main effects and MGRS-by-diagnosis interaction effects on 6 regions-of-interest (ROIs). Vertex-wise analysis also examined MGRS-by-diagnosis interactions. RESULTS MGRS based on allelic association p≤0.60 was most robust, explaining 6.8% of variance (t(226)=3.46, p=.001). There was an MGRS-by-diagnosis interaction effect on ventrolateral prefrontal cortex surface area (vlPFC; β=.21, p=.0007). Higher MGRS was associated with larger vlPFC surface area in BD vs. HC. There were 8 significant clusters in vertex-wise analyses, primarily in fronto-temporal regions, including vlPFC. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS There was a diagnosis-by-MGRS interaction effect on vlPFC surface area, a region involved in emotional processing, emotional regulation, and reward response. Vertex-wise analysis also identified several clusters overlapping this region. This preliminary study provides an example of an approach to imaging-genetics that is intermediate between candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, enriched for genetic variants with established relevance to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alvi H Islam
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Tampakeras
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurogenetics Section and Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Guglielmo R, Miskowiak KW, Hasler G. Evaluating endophenotypes for bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:17. [PMID: 34046710 PMCID: PMC8160068 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major impediment to the elucidation of the neurobiology and genetics of bipolar disorder. Endophenotype could help in reducing heterogeneity by defining biological traits that are more direct expressions of gene effects. The aim of this review is to examine the recent literature on clinical, epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic findings and to select and evaluate candidate endophenotypes for bipolar disorder. Evaluating putative endophenotype could be helpful in better understanding the neurobiology of bipolar disorder by improving the definition of bipolar-related phenotypes in genetic studies. In this manner, research on endophenotypes could be useful to improve psychopathological diagnostics in the long-run by dissecting psychiatric macro phenotypes into biologically valid components. MAIN BODY The associations among the psychopathological and biological endophenotypes are discussed with respect to specificity, temporal stability, heritability, familiarity, and clinical and biological plausibility. Numerous findings regarding brain function, brain structure, neuropsychology and altered neurochemical pathways in patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives deserve further investigation. Overall, major findings suggest a developmental origin of this disorder as all the candidate endophenotypes that we have been able to select are present both in the early stages of the disorder as well as in subjects at risk. CONCLUSIONS Among the stronger candidate endophenotypes, we suggest circadian rhythm instability, dysmodulation of emotion and reward, altered neuroimmune state, attention and executive dysfunctions, anterior cingulate cortex thickness and early white matter abnormalities. In particular, early white matter abnormalities could be the result of a vulnerable brain on which new stressors are added in young adulthood which favours the onset of the disorder. Possible pathways that lead to a vulnerable brain are discussed starting from the data about molecular and imaging endophenotypes of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Guglielmo
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Fribourg Network for Mental Health (RFSM), University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University Medical School, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Fribourg Network for Mental Health (RFSM), University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
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22
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Zhou J, Bao Q, Liang S, Guo H, Meng X, Zhang G, Li P. rs1344706 polymorphism of zinc finger protein 804a (ZNF804a) gene related to the integrity of white matter fiber bundle in schizophrenics. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:778. [PMID: 34055077 PMCID: PMC8145689 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ), and the zinc finger protein 804a (ZNF804a) gene has been considered to be a risk gene for schizophrenia. In the present study, the correlation between rs1344706 polymorphism of ZNF804a gene and the integrity of white matter in schizophrenic cases was explored. A total of 60 SZ patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) were included to undergo head MRI. According to the genotyping of rs1344706 in ZNF804a, the subjects in each group were divided into a normal allele and risk allele-carrying group. The imaging data were preprocessed by PANDA software, and thefractional anisotropy (FA) of each subject was calculated. With SPM8 software, age and years of education were considered as covariates, and diagnosis as well as genotype (AA, GG/AG) were considered as intergroup factors. Four groups of FA images were analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance. The FA value of the right posterior radiocrown in the patient group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The FA value of the right lower frontal occipital tract and the right upper radiocrown in the G allele carrier group was lower than that in the A allele homozygous group. There was detection of an interaction between the FA value of the splenium of corpus callosum, the body part of the corpus callosum and the right cingulate tract. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the rs1344706 GG/AG genotype of the ZNF804a gene locus in SZ patients suffered from abnormal structure in a specific region of the brain. This finding indicated that the rs1344706 single nucleotide polymorphism of the ZNF804a gene may affect the integrity of the white matter of the brain in SZ patients and may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Bao
- Department of MRI, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Radiology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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23
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Common and distinct global functional connectivity density alterations in patients with bipolar disorder with and without auditory verbal hallucination during major depressive episodes. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2724-2730. [PMID: 31900890 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of studies has explored the neural mechanisms of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) using many modalities, including neuroimaging, neurotransmitters, and electroencephalography, the etiology of AVH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the neuroimaging characteristics of AVH in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experiencing depressive episodes with and without AVH. For this study, we recruited 80 patients with BD and depressive status (40 with and 40 without AVH), and 40 healthy individuals. Their global functional connectivity density (gFCD) was screened by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Differences in gFCD among the three groups were tested using voxel-wise one-way analysis of covariance. Patients in both BD groups demonstrated increased gFCD in the central parietal lobe, insular lobe, and middle cingulate cortex, and decreased gFCD in the posterior parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and occipital lobe (all bilateral). We defined these alterations as the common aberrant gFCD pattern for BD with and without AVH. Compared with the other two groups, patients in the BD with AVH group demonstrated increased gFCD in the Broca and Wernicke regions, and decreased gFCD in the hippocampus (all bilateral). We defined these alterations as the distinct aberrant gFCD pattern for BD with AVH. To our knowledge, this report is the first to date to describe gFCD alterations in patients with BD with and without AVH. Our findings suggest that disturbances in brain activity and information communication capacity in patients with BD and AVH are located mainly in the left frontoparietal network, control network, and memory circuit. However, these observations were made only in patients with BD during depressive episodes, and without consideration of many factors, such as the treatment mode, symptom relapse, and BD subtype. Hence, the conclusions of this study merely provide clues for further study, and do not fully represent brain alterations in patients with BD and AVH. Further large-sample cohort studies are needed to clarify and expand on these findings.
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24
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Pennington K, Klaus K, Fachim HA, Butler K, Trischel K, Dalton CF, Heald A, Reynolds GP. CACNA1C methylation: association with cortisol, perceived stress, rs1006737 and childhood trauma in males. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1739-1749. [PMID: 33169621 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated morning cortisol, stress, rs1006737 and childhood trauma relationship with CACNA1C methylation. Materials & methods: Morning cortisol release, childhood trauma and perceived stress were collected and genotyping for rs1006737 conducted in 103 adult males. Genomic DNA extracted from saliva was bisulphite converted and using pyrosequencing methylation determined at 11 CpG sites within intron 3 of CACNA1C. Results: A significant negative correlation between waking cortisol and overall mean methylation was found and a positive correlation between CpG5 methylation and perceived stress. Conclusion: CACNA1C methylation levels may be related to cortisol release and stress perception. Future work should evaluate the influence of altered CACNA1C methylation on stress reactivity to investigate this as a potential mechanism for mental health vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristel Klaus
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helene A Fachim
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.,Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Heald
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,The School of Medicine & Manchester Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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25
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Tomyshev AS, Lebedeva IS, Kananovich PS, Pomytkin AN, Bazhenova DA, Kaleda VG. Multimodal MRI of Conduction Tracts and Anatomy of the Cerebral Gray Matter in Familial Risk of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:614-618. [PMID: 32986216 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzed diffusion characteristics of white matter tracts and grey matter anatomy in 48 mentally healthy participants, including first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (N=13) and affective spectrum disorders (N=13). The subgroup with familial risk of schizophrenia displayed abnormalities in the structural connectivity and increased cortical thickness in the superior frontal gyrus. No differences in the analyzed characteristics were revealed in the subgroup with familial risk for affective disorders. The results are discussed within the framework of the concepts of endophenotypes and processes reflecting compensatory and protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Tomyshev
- Research Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I S Lebedeva
- Research Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A N Pomytkin
- Research Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Bazhenova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Kaleda
- Research Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Cheng Y, Xu J, Dong C, Shen Z, Zhou C, Li N, Lu Y, Ran L, Xu L, Shan B, Xu X. Age-related atrophy of cortical thickness and genetic effect of ANK3 gene in first episode MDD patients. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102384. [PMID: 32911427 PMCID: PMC7490581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain ageing is thought to be related to geriatric depression, but the relationship between ageing and depression among middle aged individuals is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the age-related reduction of brain cortical thickness (CT) can be found in adult first-episode MDD patients, as well as to identify the possible genetic effect of the ANK3 gene polymorphism age-relates CT reduction. This study recruited 153 first-episode MDD patients with a disease duration < 2 years and 276 healthy controls (HC), and the CT of 68 whole brain regions and two ANK3 SNPs (rs1994336 and rs10994359) were analyzed. The results showed that although the CT of both groups was negative correlated with age, the MDD group had significant greater age-related decrease in CT than the HC group (–9.35 × 10−3 mm/year for MDD vs. –1.23 × 10−3 mm/year for HC in the left lateral orbitofrontal lobe). The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) results yielded significant interactions of diagnosis × age, genotype × age and diagnosis × genotype interaction for rs10994359. In HC, the C allele showed a protective effect on age-related CT reduction. The reduction in CT with age was several times as greater in non-C carriers as in C carriers (–3.54 × 10−3 vs.–0.15 × 10−3 mm/year in left supramarginal gyrus) for HC. However, this protective effect disappeared in patients with MDD. We did not find a clear effect of rs1994336 on the age-related CT reduction. The findings indicate that the widespread accelerated brain ageing occurs early in adult-onset depression and this ageing may be a pathological mechanisms of depression rather than an outcome of the disease. The ANK3 rs10994359 polymorphism may partially affect regional cortical ageing in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; The NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chenglong Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Liuyi Ran
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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Wei Q, Zhao L, Zou Y, Wang J, Qiu Y, Niu M, Kang Z, Liu X, Tang Y, Li C, Zhang J, Fan X, Huang R, Han Z. The role of altered brain structural connectivity in resilience, vulnerability, and disease expression to schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109917. [PMID: 32169560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable disorder associated with brain connectivity changes. Although the mechanism of disease expression and vulnerability of SCZ have been reported by previous studies, the mechanism of resilience to SCZ based on the brain structural connectivity is poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to identify the structural brain connectivity related with the resilience to SCZ, which is defined here as the capacity to avoid or delay the onset of SCZ in unaffected siblings of SCZ probands. METHOD We collected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of 49 medication-naive, first-episode SCZ (FE-SCZ) patients, 56 unaffected siblings of SCZ probands (SIB-SCZ), and 90 healthy controls. Then we used graph theoretical approach to calculate the topological properties of the brain structural network, including global, subnetwork, and regional parameters. Finally, we compared the parameters between the three groups, and identified the brain structural network related to the resilience, vulnerability and disease expression to SCZ. RESULTS With respect to resilience, only the SIB-SCZ showed significantly increased connectivity in the subnetworks of the left cuneus-precuneus and left posterior cingulate gyrus-precuneus, and in brain areas of right supramarginal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus. With respect to vulnerability, both the FE-SCZ and SIB-SCZ had decreased cluster coefficients and local efficiency, and decreased nodal efficiency in the right medial superior frontal gyrus and right medial orbital superior frontal gyrus compared with the healthy controls. With respect to disease expression, only the FE-SCZ group showed decreased or increased global, subnetwork, and nodal connectivity in broader brain regions compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION Difference in the topological properties of brain structural connectivity not only reflect the underlying mechanism of vulnerability but also that of resilience to schizophrenia. Alteration in the brain structural connectivity associating with resilience and disease expression may contribute to the onset of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinling Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanxia Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Yiyang Central Hospital,118 Kangfu Road,Yiyang, Hunan Province 413000, China
| | - Changhong Li
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, One Biotech, Suite 100, 365 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zili Han
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Lubeiro A, Fatjó-Vilas M, Guardiola M, Almodóvar C, Gomez-Pilar J, Cea-Cañas B, Poza J, Palomino A, Gómez-García M, Zugasti J, Molina V. Analysis of KCNH2 and CACNA1C schizophrenia risk genes on EEG functional network modulation during an auditory odd-ball task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:433-442. [PMID: 30607529 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A deficit in task-related functional connectivity modulation from electroencephalogram (EEG) has been described in schizophrenia. The use of measures of neuronal connectivity as an intermediate phenotype may allow identifying genetic factors involved in these deficits, and therefore, establishing underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Genes involved in neuronal excitability and previously associated with the risk for schizophrenia may be adequate candidates in relation to functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. The objective was to study the association of two genes of voltage-gated ion channels (CACNA1C and KCNH2) with the functional modulation of the cortical networks measured with EEG and graph-theory parameter during a cognitive task, both in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Both CACNA1C (rs1006737) and KCNH2 (rs3800779) were genotyped in 101 controls and 50 schizophrenia patients. Small-world index (SW) was calculated from EEG recorded during an odd-ball task in two different temporal windows (pre-stimulus and response). Modulation was defined as the difference in SW between both windows. Genetic, group and their interaction effects on SW in the pre-stimulus window and in modulation were evaluated using ANOVA. The CACNA1C genotype was not associated with SW properties. KCNH2 was significantly associated with SW modulation. Healthy subjects showed a positive SW modulation irrespective of the KCNH2 genotype, whereas within patients allele-related differences were observed. Patients carrying the KCNH2 risk allele (A) presented a negative SW modulation and non-carriers showed SW modulation similar to the healthy subjects. Our data suggest that KCNH2 genotype contributes to the efficient modulation of brain electrophysiological activity during a cognitive task in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Guardiola
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Almodóvar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Cea-Cañas
- Neurophysiology service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aitor Palomino
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciences, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-García
- Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jone Zugasti
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Álava, Álava, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Bora E. A comparative meta-analysis of neurocognition in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 45:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Cognitive impairment is a familial and heritable aspect of major psychoses and might be a shared vulnerability marker for schizophrenia and BP. However, it is not clear whether some aspects of cognitive deficits are uniquely associated with risk for specific diagnoses.Methods:A novel meta-analysis of cognitive functions in first-degree relatives of probands with bipolar disorder (BP-Rel) and schizophrenia (Sch-Rel) was conducted. Current meta-analysis included 20 studies and compared cognitive functions of 1341 Sch-Rel, 939 BP-Rel and 1427 healthy controls.Results:Sch-Rel was associated with cognitive deficits in all domains (d = 0.20–0.58) and BP-Rel underperformed healthy controls in processing speed, verbal fluency and speed based executive function tests (d = 0.33–0.41). Sch-Rel underperformed BP-Rel in general intellectual ability, working memory, verbal memory, planning, processing speed and fluency (d = 0.24–0.42).Conclusions:Inefficiency in processing information and impaired processing speed might be common vulnerability factors for major psychoses. On the other hand, low performance in accuracy based tasks and deficits in general intellectual ability, verbal learning, planning and working memory might be more specifically associated with risk for schizophrenia.
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Cao H, Baranova A, Yue W, Yu H, Zhu Z, Zhang F, Liu D. miRNA-Coordinated Schizophrenia Risk Network Cross-Talk With Cardiovascular Repair and Opposed Gliomagenesis. Front Genet 2020; 11:149. [PMID: 32194626 PMCID: PMC7064629 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia risk genes are widely investigated, but a systemic analysis of miRNAs contributing to schizophrenia is lacking. Methods Schizophrenia-associated genetic loci profiles were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) dataset. Experimentally confirmed relationships between miRNAs and their target genes were retrieved from a miRTarBase. A competitive gene set association analysis for miRNA-target regulations was conducted by the Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) and further validated by literature-based functional pathway analysis using Pathway Studio. The association between the targets of three miRNAs and schizophrenia was further validated using a GWAS of antipsychotic treatment responses. Results Three novel schizophrenia-risk miRNAs, namely, miR-208b-3p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-494-5p, and their targetomes converged on calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and these are well-known contributors to schizophrenia. Both miR-208a-3p and miR-208b-3p reduced the expression of the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI), whose suppression commonly contributes to demyelination of the neurons and to ischemia/reperfusion injury. On the other hand, both QKI and hsa-miR-494-5p were involved in gliomagenesis. Conclusion Presented results point at an orchestrating role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The sharing of regulatory networks between schizophrenia and other pathologies may explain higher cardiovascular mortality and lower odds of glioma previously reported in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Genomics Research, R&D Solutions, Elsevier Inc., Rockville, MD, United States.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Weihua Yue
- Department of Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zufu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongbai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
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Simões B, Vassos E, Shergill S, McDonald C, Toulopoulou T, Kalidindi S, Kane F, Murray R, Bramon E, Ferreira H, Prata D. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score influence on white matter microstructure. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:62-67. [PMID: 31770658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly heritable, share symptomatology, and have a polygenic architecture. The impact of recent polygenic risk scores (PRS) for psychosis, which combine multiple genome-wide associated risk variations, should be assessed on heritable brain phenotypes also previously associated with the illnesses, for a better understanding of the pathways to disease. We have recently reported on the current SZ PRS's ability to predict 1st episode of psychosis case-control status and general cognition. Herein, we test its penetrance on white matter microstructure, which is known to be impaired in SZ, in BD and their relatives, using 141 participants (including SZ, BP, relatives of SZ or BP patients, and healthy volunteers), and two white matter integrity indexes: fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). No significant correlation between the SZ PRS and FA or MD was found, thus it remains unclear whether white matter changes are primarily associated with SZ genetic risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Simões
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Sukhi Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Turkey
| | - Sridevi Kalidindi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fergus Kane
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Mental Health Neurosciences Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Meza-Urzúa F, Cedillo-Ríos V, Becerra-Palars C, Jiménez-Pavón J, Morales-Cedillo IP, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Hernández-Muñoz S, Camarena-Medellín B. CACNA1C Risk Variant and Mood Stabilizers Effects in the Prefrontal Cortical Thickness of Mexican Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1199-1206. [PMID: 32494139 PMCID: PMC7229798 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s245911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a condition associated with structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); some genetic variants and mood stabilizer medications like lithium or valproate are associated with these changes. CACNA1C is a gene involved in BD pathology and brain function; carriers of the A allele of rs1006737 are reported to have increased risk for BD and increased cortical thickness (CT) in the PFC compared to non-carriers. Lithium is also associated with increased CT in the PFC of BD subjects compared to the ones on valproate. The influence of these treatments and gene variants over the PFC structure of Mexican subjects has not been explored. Therefore, we evaluate the effects of mood stabilizers and risk A allele of CACNA1C rs1006737 on the prefrontal cortical thickness of Mexican BD patients treated with lithium or valproate. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 40 BD type I euthymic adult outpatients (20 treated with lithium and 20 with valproate) who underwent a 3T T1-weighted 3D brain scan and genotyping for CACNA1C risk allele rs1006737 was conducted. We performed a cortical thickness analysis of the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal regions of the prefrontal cortex with BrainVoyager 20.6. The effects of treatment and gene variants were analyzed with a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS There was no association of CACNA1C risk allele rs1006737 with CT measures of both PFCs nor significant interaction between the genetic variant and treatment. Mood stabilizers reported the main effect on the CT measures of the right PFC of our sample. Patients on treatment with lithium showed higher mean CT on the right orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSION We did not find any association between the prefrontal CT and CACNA1C risk A allele rs1006737 in BD Mexican patients treated with lithium or valproate. Our results suggest that mood stabilizers had the main effect in the CT of the right PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- Kinder und Jugend Psychiatrie, Klinikum Idar-Oberstein, Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Valente Cedillo-Ríos
- Departamento de Imágenes Cerebrales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Becerra-Palars
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Jiménez-Pavón
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sandra Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena-Medellín
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Jin L, An Z, Xu B, Mu D, Fu S, Hu H, Shi Y, Luo X, Yi Q. The association between rs12807809 polymorphism in neurogranin gene and risk of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18518. [PMID: 31861040 PMCID: PMC6940187 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12807809 in Neurogranin (NRGN) gene and Schizophrenia (SCZ) was investigated by several studies, whereas the results were conflicting. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies in order to provide a more accurate result on the association of rs12807809 polymorphism in NRGN gene and SCZ vulnerability. METHODS A comprehensive retrieval in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Wanfang was performed for relevant studies on the relationship of rs12807809 polymorphism and SCZ. Summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated in allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive model to appraise the association. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 8 studies containing 12552 SCZ cases and 34783 controls. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between SCZ and rs12807809 polymorphism in overall population in allelic model (OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.04-1.17). However, subgroup analysis indicated the association only existed in Caucasians but not Asian. CONCLUSION The results of present meta-analysis suggested significant association between SNP rs12807809 in NRGN gene and SCZ susceptibility in Caucasians but not Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Zhiguo An
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Bin Xu
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Daibin Mu
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Songnian Fu
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Hongxing Hu
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Qizhong Yi
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
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Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
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35
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Zhu D, Yin J, Liang C, Luo X, Lv D, Dai Z, Xiong S, Fu J, Li Y, Lin J, Lin Z, Wang Y, Ma G. CACNA1C (rs1006737) may be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01292. [PMID: 31033230 PMCID: PMC6576147 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness with a genetic predisposition. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the α-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene as a significant risk gene for schizophrenia. However, there are inconsistent conclusions in case-control studies. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all available samples from existing studies under four different genetic models (recessive model, dominant model, additive model and allele model) to further confirm whether CACNA1C rs1006737 is an authentic risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for schizophrenia. RESULTS A statistically significant difference under the four models (all p < 0.05) was observed by pooling nine Asian and European studies, including a total of 12,744 cases and 16,460 controls. For European-decent samples, a significant difference was identified between patients and controls for the four models (all p < 0.05). We observed a significant difference between patients and controls for the recessive model and allele model (GG vs. GA + AA: p < 0.00001; G vs. A: p < 0.00001) using a fixed effect model, but the dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA: OR: p = 0.15) and additive model (GG vs. AA: p = 0.11) showed no significant difference between patients and controls in the Asian samples. CONCLUSION Our findings provide important evidence for the establishment of CACNA1C as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia across world populations, but its roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhun Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Susu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juda Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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36
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Chakrabarty T, Yatham LN. Objective and biological markers in bipolar spectrum presentations. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:195-209. [PMID: 30761925 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1580145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subthreshold presentations of bipolarity (BSPs) pose a diagnostic conundrum, in terms of whether they should be conceptualized and treated similarly as traditionally defined bipolar disorders (BD). While it has been argued that BSPs are on a pathophysiologic continuum with traditionally defined BDs, there has been limited examination of biological and objective markers in these presentations to validate this assertion. Areas covered: The authors review studies examining genetic, neurobiological, cognitive and peripheral markers in BSPs, encompassing clinical and non-clinical populations with subthreshold hypo/manic symptoms. Results are placed in the context of previously identified markers in traditionally defined BDs. Expert commentary: There have been few studies of objective and biological markers in subthreshold presentations of BD, and results are mixed. While abnormalities in brain structure/functioning, peripheral inflammatory, and cognitive markers have been reported, it is unclear whether these findings are specific to BD or indicative of broad affective pathology. However, some studies suggest that increased sensitivity to reward and positive stimuli are shared between subthreshold and traditionally defined BDs, and may represent a point of departure from unipolar major depression. Further examination of such markers may improve understanding of subthreshold bipolar presentations, and provide guidance in terms of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Chakrabarty
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Zhang L, Qin Y, Gong X, Peng R, Cai C, Zheng Y, Du Y, Wang H. A promoter variant in ZNF804A decreasing its expression increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the Han Chinese population. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:31. [PMID: 30670685 PMCID: PMC6342935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic pathology may be one of the cellular substrates underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ZNF804A is a transcription factor that can affect or regulate the expression of many candidate genes involved in ASD. It also localizes at synapses and regulates neuronal and synaptic morphology. So far, few reports have addressed possible associations between ZNF804A polymorphisms and ASD. This study aimed to investigate whether ZNF804A genetic variants contribute to ASD susceptibility and its possible pathological role in the disorder. We analyzed the relationship of two polymorphisms (rs10497655 and rs34714481) in ZNF804A promoter region with ASD in 854 cases versus 926 controls. The functional analyses of rs10497655 were then performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. The variant rs10497655 was significantly associated with ASD (P = 0.007851), which had a significant effect on ZNF804A expression, with the T risk allele homozygotes related with reduced ZNF804A expression in human fetal brains. HSF2 acted as a suppressor by down-regulating ZNF804A expression and had a stronger binding affinity for the T allele of rs10497655 than for the C allele. This was the first experiment to elucidate the process in which a disease-associated SNP affects the level of ZNF804A expression by binding with the upstream regulation factor HSF2. This result indicates that the rs10497655 allelic expression difference of ZNF804A during the critical period of brain development may have an effect on postnatal phenotypes of ASD. It reveals new roles of ZNF804A polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Zhang
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Arrúe A, González-Torres MA, Basterreche N, Arnaiz A, Olivas O, Zamalloa MI, Erkoreka L, Catalán A, Zumárraga M. GAD1 gene polymorphisms are associated with bipolar I disorder and with blood homovanillic acid levels but not with plasma GABA levels. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:152-161. [PMID: 30625343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Arrúe
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel González-Torres
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Nieves Basterreche
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Unidad de Hospitalización de Corta Estancia, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Ainara Arnaiz
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Olga Olivas
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Centro de Salud Mental de Gernika, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Gernika, Spain
| | - M Isabel Zamalloa
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leire Erkoreka
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Centro de Salud Mental Barakaldo, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana Catalán
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mercedes Zumárraga
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Mehta D, Czamara D. GWAS of Behavioral Traits. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 42:1-34. [PMID: 31407241 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have evolved into a powerful tool to investigate genetic risk factors for human diseases via a hypothesis-free scan of the genome. The success of GWAS for psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits have been somewhat mixed, partly owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of these traits. Significant progress has been made in the last few years in the development and implementation of complex statistical methods and algorithms incorporating GWAS. Such advanced statistical methods applied to GWAS hits in combination with incorporation of different layers of genomics data have catapulted the search for novel genes for behavioral traits and improved our understanding of the complex polygenic architecture of these traits.This chapter will give a brief overview on GWAS and statistical methods currently used in GWAS. The chapter will focus on reviewing the current literature and highlight some of the most important GWAS on psychiatric and other behavioral traits and will conclude with a discussion on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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40
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Jiang W, King TZ, Turner JA. Imaging Genetics Towards a Refined Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31354550 PMCID: PMC6639711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders are classified by phenomenological principles and clinical descriptions while ruling out other symptoms and conditions. Specific biomarkers are needed to assist the current diagnostic system. However, complicated gene and environment interactions induce great disease heterogeneity. This unclear etiology and heterogeneity raise difficulties in distinguishing schizophrenia-related effects. Simultaneously, the overlap in symptoms, genetic variations, and brain alterations in schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders raises similar difficulties in determining disease-specific effects. Imaging genetics is a unique methodology to assess the impact of genetic factors on both brain structure and function. More importantly, imaging genetics builds a bridge to understand the behavioral and clinical implications of genetics and neuroimaging. By characterizing and quantifying the brain measures affected in psychiatric disorders, imaging genetics is contributing to identifying potential biomarkers for schizophrenia and related disorders. To date, candidate gene analysis, genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk score analysis, and large-scale collaborative studies have made contributions to the understanding of schizophrenia with the potential to serve as biomarkers. Despite limitations, imaging genetics remains promising as more aggregative, clustering methods and imaging genetics-compatible clinical assessments are employed in future studies. We review imaging genetics' contribution to our understanding of the heterogeneity within schizophrenia and the commonalities across schizophrenia and other diagnostic borders, and we will discuss whether imaging genetics is ready to form its own diagnostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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41
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Alfimova MV, Kondratiev NV, Golimbet VE. [Results and promises of genetics of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: molecular-genetic approaches]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018. [PMID: 28635752 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2016116111137-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the basic paradigms and directions of molecular genetic studies of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Along with the traditional approach based on functional candidate genes, it covers genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for cognition in general population and schizophrenic patients, attempts to integrate GWAS results in polygenic profiles that can be used in personalized care of schizophrenic patients, and a search for biological pathways implicated in the development of cognitive impairments with bioinformatics methods. However, despite significant advances in understanding the genetic basis of the disease and a rapidly growing amount of data on genes associated with cognitive functions, most of the variability of cognitive impairments in patients remains unexplained. The data on the functional complexity of the genome accumulated in the fields of molecular biology and genetics underscore the importance of studying epigenetic mechanisms of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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42
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Solana C, Pereira D, Tarazona R. Early Senescence and Leukocyte Telomere Shortening in SCHIZOPHRENIA: A Role for Cytomegalovirus Infection? Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8100188. [PMID: 30340343 PMCID: PMC6210638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder characterized by delusions and hallucinations. Several evidences support the link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening and accelerated aging. Thus, schizophrenia patients show higher mortality compared to age-matched healthy donors. The etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Telomere erosion has been shown to be accelerated by different factors including environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption or by psychosocial stress such as childhood maltreatment. In humans, telomere studies have mainly relied on measurements of leukocyte telomere length and it is generally accepted that individuals with short leukocyte telomere length are considered biologically older than those with longer ones. A dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems has been described in schizophrenia patients and other mental diseases supporting the contribution of the immune system to disease symptoms. Thus, it has been suggested that abnormal immune activation with high pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to still undefined environmental agents such as herpesviruses infections can be involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the course of schizophrenia illness, early onset of cardiovascular disease, accelerated aging, and premature mortality in schizophrenia. Prenatal or neonatal exposures to neurotropic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma gondii have been proposed as environmental risk factors for schizophrenia in individuals with a risk genetic background. Thus, pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation, together with genetic vulnerability, are considered etiological factors for schizophrenia, and support that inflammation status is involved in the course of illness in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corona Solana
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pereira
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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Tecelão D, Mendes A, Martins D, Fu C, Chaddock CA, Picchioni MM, McDonald C, Kalidindi S, Murray R, Prata DP. The effect of psychosis associated CACNA1C, and its epistasis with ZNF804A, on brain function. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12510. [PMID: 30079586 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms are among the most robustly associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), and recently with brain phenotypes. As these patients show abnormal verbal fluency (VF) and related brain activation, we asked whether the latter was affected by these polymorphisms (alone and in interaction)-to better understand how they might induce risk. We recently reported effects on functional VF-related (for ZNF804A-rs1344706) and structural (for both) connectivity. We genotyped and fMRI-scanned 54 SCZ, 40 BD and 80 controls during VF. With SPM, we assessed the main effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737, and its interaction with ZNF804A-rs1344706, and their interaction with diagnosis, on regional brain activation and functional connectivity (psychophysiological interactions-PPI). Using public data, we reported effects of CACNA1C-rs1006737 and diagnosis on brain expression. The CACNA1C-rs1006737 risk allele was associated with increased activation, particularly in the bilateral prefronto-temporal cortex and thalamus; decreased PPI, especially in the left temporal cortex; and gene expression in white matter and the cerebellum. We also found unprecedented evidence for epistasis (interaction between genetic polymorphisms) in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and cingulate and temporal cortical activation; and CACNA1C up-regulation in SCZ and BD parietal cortices. Some effects were dependent on BD/SCZ diagnosis. All imaging results were whole-brain, voxel-wise, and familywise-error corrected. Our results support evidence implicating CACNA1C and ZNF804A in BD and SCZ, adding novel imaging evidence in clinical populations, and of epistasis-which needs further replication. Further scrutiny of the inherent neurobiological mechanisms may disclose their potential as putative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tecelão
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Fu
- School of Psychology, The University of East London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Chaddock
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marco M Picchioni
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,St. Andrew's Academic Department, St Andrew's Healthcare, Northampton, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sridevi Kalidindi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pereira LP, Köhler CA, Stubbs B, Miskowiak KW, Morris G, de Freitas BP, Thompson T, Fernandes BS, Brunoni AR, Maes M, Pizzagalli DA, Carvalho AF. Imaging genetics paradigms in depression research: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:102-113. [PMID: 29778546 PMCID: PMC6240165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging genetics studies involving participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) have expanded. Nevertheless, findings have been inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies that enrolled MDD participants across major databases through June 30th, 2017. Sixty-five studies met eligibility criteria (N = 4034 MDD participants and 3293 controls), and there was substantial between-study variability in the methodological quality of included studies. However, few replicated findings emerged from this literature with only 22 studies providing data for meta-analyses (882 participants with MDD and 616 controls). Total hippocampal volumes did not significantly vary in MDD participants or controls carrying either the BDNF Val66Met 'Met' (386 participants with MDD and 376 controls) or the 5-HTTLPR short 'S' (310 participants with MDD and 230 controls) risk alleles compared to non-carriers. Heterogeneity across studies was explored through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Gender distribution, the use of medications, segmentation methods used to measure the hippocampus, and age emerged as potential sources of heterogeneity across studies that assessed the association of 5-HTTLPR short 'S' alleles and hippocampal volumes. Our data also suggest that the methodological quality of included studies, publication year, and the inclusion of brain volume as a covariate contributed to the heterogeneity of studies that assessed the association of the BDNF Val66Met 'Met' risk allele and hippocampal volumes. In exploratory voxel-wise meta-analyses, MDD participants carrying the 5-HTTLPR short 'S' allele had white matter microstructural abnormalities predominantly in the corpus callosum, while carriers of the BDNF Val66Met 'Met' allele had larger gray matter volumes and hyperactivation of the right middle frontal gyrus compared to non-carriers. In conclusion, few replicated findings emerged from imaging genetics studies that included participants with MDD. Nevertheless, we explored and identified specific sources of heterogeneity across studies, which could provide insights to enhance the reproducibility of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia P Pereira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kamilla W Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre, Copenhagen Psychiatric Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bárbara P de Freitas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André R Brunoni
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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45
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Common variation in ZNF804A (rs1344706) is not associated with brain morphometry in schizophrenia or healthy participants. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:12-20. [PMID: 29247760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1344706 [A>C] within intron 2 of the zinc finger protein 804A gene (ZNF804A) is associated with schizophrenia at the genome-wide level, but its function in relation to the development of psychotic disorders, including its influence on brain morphology remains unclear. METHODS Using both univariate (voxel-based morphometry, VBM; cortical thickness) and multivariate (source-based morphometry, SBM) approaches, we examined the effects of variation of the rs1344706 polymorphism on grey matter integrity in 214 Caucasian schizophrenia cases and 94 Caucasian healthy individuals selected from the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. RESULTS Neither univariate nor multivariate analyses showed any associations between indices of grey matter and rs1344706 variation in schizophrenia or healthy participants. This was revealed in the context of the typical pattern of decreased grey matter integrity in schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals, including: (1) large grey matter volume reductions in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and the left fusiform/inferior temporal gyri; (2) decreased cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri, the left orbitofrontal gyrus, as well as in the right pars opercularis/precentral gyrus; and (3) decreased covariation of grey matter concentration in frontal and limbic brain regions emerging from the SBM analyses. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to some - but not all - previous findings, this study of a large sample of schizophrenia cases and healthy controls reveals no evidence for association between grey matter alterations and variation in rs1344706 (ZNF804A). Differences in sample sizes and ethnicities may account for discrepant findings between the present and previous studies.
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The impact of psychosis genome-wide associated ZNF804A variation on verbal fluency connectivity. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 98:17-21. [PMID: 29257977 PMCID: PMC5793999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have high heritability. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ZNF804A as a significant risk gene for both illnesses. A validation of this finding at the brain systems-level is imperative as there is still little understanding of how it heightens risk. Based in part on our recent findings of an effect on widespread decreased white matter microstructural fractional anisotropy (putatively a proxy of its integrity), particularly strong in SCZ, we asked whether the risk allele has a detrimental effect on regional brain activation and functional connectivity during a type of cognitive processing which is, together with its neural correlates, impaired in BD and SCZ: verbal fluency. Functional MRI and genotype data was collected from 80 healthy volunteers, and 54 SCZ and 40 BD patients. A standard multifactorial analysis of variance using statistical parametric mapping and significance correction of FWE p < 0.05 was used. We found the GWAS risk allele A was associated with decreased positive functional coupling between the left precentral gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus (i.e. the most highly recruited area for the task) and: 1) the left inferior frontal gyrus, and 2) the left posterior cingulate gyrus, encompassing the precuneus; both as a main effect across controls and psychosis patients. Such association of the risk allele with reduced functional connectivity (with no area where the opposite main effect was detected), converges with findings in other tasks, our previous finding of its widespread impact on brain white matter microstructure, and with the dysconnectivity hypothesis of SCZ.
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Ikeda M, Saito T, Kondo K, Iwata N. Genome-wide association studies of bipolar disorder: A systematic review of recent findings and their clinical implications. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:52-63. [PMID: 29057581 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics have enabled assessments of the associations among genetic variants (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and susceptibility for complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. Specifically, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), meta-analyses of the GWAS summary statistics, and mega-analyses (which use raw data, not summary statistics) of GWAS have provided revolutionary results and have identified numerous susceptibility genes or single-nucleotide polymorphisms. By using several tens of thousands of subjects, >40 genes have been identified as being associated with susceptibility for bipolar disorder so far. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the recent findings of bipolar disorder GWAS and discuss their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takeo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Abstract
Imaging genetics is a research methodology studying the effect of genetic variation on brain structure, function, behavior, and risk for psychopathology. Since the early 2000s, imaging genetics has been increasingly used in the research of schizophrenia (SZ). SZ is a severe mental disorder with no precise knowledge of its underlying neurobiology, however, new genetic and neurobiological data generate a climate for new avenues. The accumulating data of genome wide association studies (GWAS) continuously decode SZ risk genes. Global neuroimaging consortia produce collections of brain phenotypes from tens of thousands of people. In this context, imaging genetics will be strategically important both for the validation and discovery of SZ related findings. Thus, the study of GWAS supported risk variants as candidate genes to validate by neuroimaging is one trend. The study of epigenetic differences in relation to variations of brain phenotypes and the study of large scale multivariate analysis of genome wide and brain wide associations are other trends. While these studies hold a big potential for understanding the neurobiology of SZ, the problem of reproducibility appears as a major challenge, which requires standardizations in study designs and compensations of methodological limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, advancements of neuroimaging, optical and electron microscopy along with the use of genetically encoded fluorescent probes and robust statistical approaches will not only catalyze integrative methodologies but also will help better design the imaging genetics studies. In this invited paper, I will discuss the current perspective of imaging genetics and emerging opportunities of SZ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Arslan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Willage B. The effect of weight on mental health: New evidence using genetic IVs. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 57:113-130. [PMID: 29289809 PMCID: PMC5862752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Average body mass index (BMI) and depression prevalence grew over the last several decades, increasing medical expenditures. There is a strong correlation between obesity and depression but limited evidence on the causal effect of weight on mental health. I use an index of genetic risk for high BMI as a source of exogenous variation in weight to provide novel evidence on the effect of weight on mental health. This is one of the first studies to use genetics as an instrument for BMI and to examine the causal relationship between weight and depression. Results are mixed; I find a meaningful and significant effect of weight on suicidal ideation but no effects on counseling and an index of depression. The effect on suicidal ideation is concentrated in white females. From respondent and interviewer opinions of respondent attractiveness, social stigma is a mechanism through which weight affects mental health for white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barton Willage
- Cornell University, Department of Economics, United States.
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Harari JH, Díaz-Caneja CM, Janssen J, Martínez K, Arias B, Arango C. The association between gene variants and longitudinal structural brain changes in psychosis: a systematic review of longitudinal neuroimaging genetics studies. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:40. [PMID: 29093492 PMCID: PMC5665946 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that genetic variation might influence structural brain alterations in psychotic disorders. Longitudinal genetic neuroimaging (G-NI) studies are designed to assess the association between genetic variants, disease progression and brain changes. There is a paucity of reviews of longitudinal G-NI studies in psychotic disorders. A systematic search of PubMed from inception until November 2016 was conducted to identify longitudinal G-NI studies examining the link between Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-based brain measurements and specific gene variants (SNPs, microsatellites, haplotypes) in patients with psychosis. Eleven studies examined seven genes: BDNF, COMT, NRG1, DISC1, CNR1, GAD1, and G72. Eight of these studies reported at least one association between a specific gene variant and longitudinal structural brain changes. Genetic variants associated with longitudinal brain volume or cortical thickness loss included a 4-marker haplotype in G72, a microsatellite and a SNP in NRG1, and individual SNPs in DISC1, CNR1, BDNF, COMT and GAD1. Associations between genotype and progressive brain changes were most frequently observed in frontal regions, with five studies reporting significant interactions. Effect sizes for significant associations were generally of small or intermediate magnitude (Cohen’s d < 0.8). Only two genes (BDNF and NRG1) were assessed in more than one study, with great heterogeneity of the results. Replication studies and studies exploring additional genetic variants identified by large-scale genetic analysis are warranted to further ascertain the role of genetic variants in longitudinal brain changes in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Harari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Zoology and Biological Anthropology Unit. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals. IBUB., Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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