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Uprety LP, Lee CG, Oh KI, Jeong H, Yeo S, Yong Y, Seong JK, Kim IY, Go H, Park E, Jeong SY. Anti-obesity effects of Celosia cristata flower extract in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116799. [PMID: 38805969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overstoring of surplus calories in mature adipocytes causes obesity and abnormal metabolic activity. The anti-obesity effect of a Celosia cristata (CC) total flower extract was assessed in vitro, using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mouse adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and in vivo, using high-fat diet (HFD)-treated C57BL/6 male mice. METHODS CC extract was co-incubated during adipogenesis in both 3T3-L1 cells and ADSCs. After differentiation, lipid droplets were assessed by oil red O staining, adipogenesis and lipolytic factors were evaluated, and intracellular triglyceride and glycerol concentrations were analyzed. For in vivo experiments, histomorphological analysis, mRNA expression levels of adipogenic and lipolytic factors in adipose tissue, blood plasma analysis, metabolic profiles were investigated. RESULTS CC treatment significantly prevented adipocyte differentiation and lipid droplet accumulation, reducing adipogenesis-related factors and increasing lipolysis-related factors. Consequently, the intracellular triacylglycerol content was diminished, whereas the glycerol concentration in the cell supernatant increased. Mice fed an HFD supplemented with the CC extract exhibited decreased HFD-induced weight gain with metabolic abnormalities such as intrahepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Improved glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity were observed, accompanied by the amelioration of metabolic disturbances, including alterations in liver enzymes and lipid profiles, in CC-treated mice. Moreover, the CC extract helped restore the disrupted energy metabolism induced by the HFD, based on a metabolic animal monitoring system. CONCLUSION This study suggests that CC total flower extract is a potential natural herbal supplement for the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Prasad Uprety
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Kang-Il Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | | | - Subin Yeo
- Nine B Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34121, South Korea
| | | | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Go
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
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Baek S, Seo DS, Kang J, Ahmad Y, Park S, Joo S, Kim K, Jang Y. ChREBP plays a pivotal role in the nutrient-mediated regulation of metabolic gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 351:122843. [PMID: 38880168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that regulates several metabolic genes, including the lipogenic enzymes necessary for the metabolic conversion of carbohydrates into lipids. Although the crucial role of ChREBP in the liver, the primary site of de novo lipogenesis, has been studied, its functional role in adipose tissues, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT), remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ChREBP in BAT under conditions of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and ketogenic diet (KD), represented by extremely low carbohydrate intake. MAIN METHODS Using an adeno-associated virus and Cas9 knock-in mice, we rapidly generated Chrebp brown adipocyte-specific knock-out (B-KO) mice, bypassing the necessity for prolonged breeding by using the Cre-Lox system. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that ChREBP is essential for glucose metabolism and lipogenic gene expression in BAT under HCD conditions in Chrebp B-KO mice. After nutrient intake, Chrebp B-KO attenuated the KD-induced expression of several inflammatory genes in BAT. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that ChREBP, a nutrient-sensing regulator, is indispensable for expressing a diverse range of metabolic genes in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Baek
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Seo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Joo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Knoll M, Honce R, Meliopoulos V, Segredo-Otero EA, Johnson KEE, Schultz-Cherry S, Ghedin E, Gresham D. Host obesity impacts genetic variation in influenza A viral populations. J Virol 2024; 98:e0177823. [PMID: 38785423 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01778-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is well established as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases; however, its consequences for infectious disease are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of host obesity on influenza A virus (IAV) genetic variation using a diet-induced obesity ferret model and the A/Hong Kong/1073/1999 (H9N2) strain. Using a co-caging study design, we investigated the maintenance, generation, and transmission of intrahost IAV genetic variation by sequencing viral genomic RNA obtained from nasal wash samples over multiple days of infection. We found evidence for an enhanced role of positive selection acting on de novo mutations in obese hosts that led to nonsynonymous changes that rose to high frequency. In addition, we identified numerous cases of mutations throughout the genome that were specific to obese hosts and that were preserved during transmission between hosts. Despite detection of obese-specific variants, the overall viral genetic diversity did not differ significantly between obese and lean hosts. This is likely due to the high supply rate of de novo variation and common evolutionary adaptations to the ferret host regardless of obesity status, which we show are mediated by variation in the hemagglutinin and polymerase genes (PB2 and PB1). We also identified defective viral genomes (DVGs) that were found uniquely in either obese or lean hosts, but the overall DVG diversity and dynamics did not differ between the two groups. Our study suggests that obesity may result in a unique selective environment impacting intrahost IAV evolution, highlighting the need for additional genetic and functional studies to confirm these effects.IMPORTANCEObesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excess adiposity leading to a systemic increase in inflammation and dysregulation of metabolic hormones and immune cell populations. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Host risk factors, including compromised immunity and pre-existing health conditions, can contribute to increased infection susceptibility and disease severity. During viral replication in a host, the negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome of IAV accumulates genetic diversity that may have important consequences for viral evolution and transmission. Our study provides the first insight into the consequences of host obesity on viral genetic diversity and adaptation, suggesting that host factors associated with obesity alter the selective environment experienced by a viral population, thereby impacting the spectrum of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Knoll
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Katherine E E Johnson
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Gresham
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Thakur MS, Deshmukh KN, Dey A, Ranjan D, Goyal A, Jachak SM. An alkaloid enriched fraction from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Leaves ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and metabolic complexities in C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118423. [PMID: 38878841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Murraya koenigii commonly known as curry leaf, is traditionally used in India to manage various ailments including diabetes mellitus. Curry leaves are well documented in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for beneficial effects in skin eruptions, dysentery, emesis, poisonous bites and bruises. The anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of curry leaf extracts have been demonstrated through several in vitro and in vivo experiments previously. AIM OF THE STUDY To prepare an alkaloid enriched fraction (AEF) from M. koenigii and its evaluation on i) in vitro adipogenesis process and ii) in vivo high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS MKME and AEF were prepared from M. koenigii leaves. The four carbazole alkaloids (bioactive markers) isolated from AEF were quantitatively determined in the leaves by RP-HPLC method. MKME and AEF were studied for anti-obesogenic activity in adipocytes in vitro and in HFD-induced C57BL/6J obese mice in vivo. At the termination of the in vivo study, lipid profile, hepatic and renal injury and glucose levels were analyzed in the blood samples. Animal tissues were examined histopathologically to determine any signs of damage. Repeated dose oral toxicity study for 28 days on Sprague-Dawley rats was also performed to determine the safety profile of AEF. RESULTS Both MKME and AEF displayed anti-obesogenic activity at 25 μg/ml concentration in vitro and showed 54.06 ± 3.86% and 37.46 ± 3.17% lipid accumulation, respectively compared to control. Further, supplementation of AEF and MKME in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice helped in controlling weight gain, improved dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance significantly. AEF showed better anti-obesity activity than MKME both in vitro and in vivo study. Repeated administration of AEF up to 1 g/kg dose for 28 days showed no pathological tissue damage. Both MKME and AEF were standardized using a simple and validated RP-HPLC method. CONCLUSION Present study was aimed at preparation of a novel alkaloid-enriched fraction from methanolic extract of M. koenigii leaf and its evaluation for anti-diabesity effect. Our results demonstrated AEF to be a promising plant-based therapy for ameliorating obesity and related metabolic complications in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Singh Thakur
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
| | - Kirti Nandkumar Deshmukh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
| | - Akash Dey
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
| | - Dhiraj Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
| | - Alok Goyal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
| | - Sanjay Madhukar Jachak
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Mohali, 160062, India.
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He Y, Li X, Li Y, Kuai D, Zhang H, Wang Y, Tian W. Dehydroepiandrosterone with a high-fat diet treatment at inducing polycystic ovary syndrome in rat model. Steroids 2024; 206:109424. [PMID: 38642598 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA combined with a high-fat diet (HFD) treatment of reproductive and endocrine metabolism in rats and then identify an ideal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with DHEA or oil, fed with or without a HFD, for 21 days, during which body weight, feed intake, and estrous cycle monitoring were carried out. Fasting blood glucose was measured, and serum fasting insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were estimated by ELISA. Serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by colorimetric assay. Whereas, histologic changes in rat ovaries were evaluated by H&E staining. Ovarian steroid hormone synthases and their protein levels (StAR, 3β-HSD2, 17β-HSD1, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1) were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Both DHEA and DHEA + HFD-treated rats lost a regular estrous cycle; had polycystic ovarian changes, significantly higher serum fasting insulin and testosterone levels; and increased ovarian StAR, 3β-HSD2, and CYP11A1 protein levels. Additionally, rats in the DHEA + HFD-treated group were obese; had elevated fasting blood glucose, TG, DHT, AMH levels and LH:FSH ratios; increased ovarian 17β-HSD1 protein levels. CONCLUSION DHEA combined with HFD treatment is more effective at inducing PCOS than DHEA alone. The reproductive and endocrine metabolic aspects of this method are more consistent with the clinical characteristics of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Kuai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Cho S, Jo H, Hwang YJ, Kim C, Jo YH, Yun JW. Potential impact of underlying diseases influencing ADME in nonclinical safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114636. [PMID: 38582343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies involve in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experiments to assess the toxicokinetics, toxicology, and safety pharmacology of drugs according to regulatory requirements by a national or international authority. In this review, we summarize the potential effects of various underlying diseases governing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs to consider the use of animal models of diseases in nonclinical trials. Obesity models showed alterations in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and renal pathophysiology, which increase the risk of drug-induced toxicity. Diabetes models displayed changes in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and glomerular filtration rates (GFR), leading to variability in drug responses and susceptibility to toxicity. Animal models of advanced age exhibited impairment of drug metabolism and kidney function, thereby reducing the drug-metabolizing capacity and clearance. Along with changes in hepatic metabolic enzymes, animal models of metabolic syndrome-related hypertension showed renal dysfunction, resulting in a reduced GFR and urinary excretion of drugs. Taken together, underlying diseases can induce dysfunction of organs involved in the ADME of drugs, ultimately affecting toxicity. Therefore, the use of animal models of representative underlying diseases in nonclinical toxicity studies can be considered to improve the predictability of drug side effects before clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyeon Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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7
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AlMarzooqi SK, Almarzooqi F, Sadida HQ, Jerobin J, Ahmed I, Abou-Samra AB, Fakhro KA, Dhawan P, Bhat AA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues. Obes Rev 2024:e13766. [PMID: 38745386 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K AlMarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fajr Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Srisutha J, Watari I, Akakura M, Watanabe M, Changsiripun C, Ono T. P2X7R and P2X4R expression of mice submandibular gland in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10855. [PMID: 38740782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can compromise the functioning of various organs, including the salivary glands (SG). The purinergic system is one of the most important inflammatory pathways in T2DM condition, and P2X7R and P2X4R are the primary purinergic receptors in SG that regulate inflammatory homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate P2X7R and P2X4R expression, and morphological changes in the submandibular gland (SMG) in T2DM. Twenty-four 5-week-old mice were randomly assigned to control (CON) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (n = 12 each). Body weight, diet, and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. The histomorphology of the SMG and the expression of the P2X7R, and P2X7R was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) at 11 and 13 weeks of age. Our findings indicate a significant increase in food consumption, body weight, and blood glucose levels in the DM group. Although a significant increase in P2X7R and P2X4R expression was observed in the DM groups, the receptor location remained unchanged. We also observed a significant increase in the acinar area in the DM13w group, and a significant decrease in the ductal area in the DM11w and DM13w groups. Targeting purinergic receptors may offer novel therapeutic methods for diabetic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Submandibular Gland/metabolism
- Submandibular Gland/pathology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X4/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X4/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Mice
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Body Weight
- Streptozocin
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratchaya Srisutha
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ippei Watari
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Masato Akakura
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Minami Watanabe
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Chidsanu Changsiripun
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Meliopoulos V, Honce R, Livingston B, Hargest V, Freiden P, Lazure L, Brigleb PH, Karlsson E, Sheppard H, Allen EK, Boyd D, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Diet-induced obesity affects influenza disease severity and transmission dynamics in ferrets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9137. [PMID: 38728395 PMCID: PMC11086619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, and the associated metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for increased disease severity with a variety of infectious agents, including influenza virus. Yet, the mechanisms are only partially understood. As the number of people, particularly children, living with obesity continues to rise, it is critical to understand the role of host status on disease pathogenesis. In these studies, we use a diet-induced obese ferret model and tools to demonstrate that, like humans, obesity resulted in notable changes to the lung microenvironment, leading to increased clinical disease and viral spread to the lower respiratory tract. The decreased antiviral responses also resulted in obese animals shedding higher infectious virus for a longer period, making them more likely to transmit to contacts. These data suggest that the obese ferret model may be crucial to understanding obesity's impact on influenza disease severity and community transmission and a key tool for therapeutic and intervention development for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lauren Lazure
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pamela H. Brigleb
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Erik Karlsson
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E. Kaity Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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10
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Liu X, Jiang X, Hu J, Ding M, Lee SK, Korivi M, Qian Y, Li T, Wang L, Li W. Exercise attenuates high-fat diet-induced PVAT dysfunction through improved inflammatory response and BMP4-regulated adipose tissue browning. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393343. [PMID: 38784129 PMCID: PMC11111863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction impairs vascular homeostasis. Impaired inflammation and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) signaling are involved in thoracic PVAT dysfunction by regulating adipokine secretion and adipocyte phenotype transformation. We investigated whether aerobic exercise training could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PVAT dysfunction via improved inflammatory response and BMP4-mediated signaling pathways. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into three groups, namely control, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus exercise (HEx). After a 6-week intervention, PVAT functional efficiency and changes in inflammatory biomarkers (circulating concentrations in blood and mRNA expressions in thoracic PVAT) were assessed. Results Chronic HFD feeding caused obesity and dyslipidemia in rats. HFD decreased the relaxation response of PVAT-containing vascular rings and impaired PVAT-regulated vasodilatation. However, exercise training effectively reversed these diet-induced pathological changes to PVAT. This was accompanied by significantly (p < 0.05) restoring the morphological structure and the decreased lipid droplet size in PVAT. Furthermore, HFD-induced impaired inflammatory response (both in circulation and PVAT) was notably ameliorated by exercise training (p < 0.05). Specifically, exercise training substantially reversed HFD-induced WAT-like characteristics to BAT-like characteristics as evidenced by increased UCP1 and decreased FABP4 protein levels in PVAT against HFD. Exercise training promoted transcriptional activation of BMP4 and associated signaling molecules (p38/MAPK, ATF2, PGC1α, and Smad5) that are involved in browning of adipose tissue. In conjunction with gene expressions, exercise training increased BMP4 protein content and activated downstream cascades, represented by upregulated p38/MAPK and PGC1α proteins in PVAT. Conclusion Regular exercise training can reverse HFD-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, and thoracic PVAT dysfunction in rats. The browning of adipose tissue through exercise appears to be modulated through improved inflammatory response and/or BMP4-mediated signaling cascades in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Sang Ki Lee
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yongdong Qian
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ting Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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11
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Haneishi Y, Treppiccione L, Maurano F, Luongo D, Miyamoto J, Rossi M. High Fat Diet-Wheat Gliadin Interaction and its Implication for Obesity and Celiac Disease Onset: In Vivo Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300779. [PMID: 38632845 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease. In a mouse model of gluten sensitivity, oral wheat gliadin challenge in connection with inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically induces the enteropathy. Recent evidence suggests that gluten may play a role also for development of life-style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not yet understood. Exploratory studies in mice feed HFD show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota, and the immune cell profile in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Haneishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy
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12
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Yang C, Zhu D, Liu C, Wang W, He Y, Wang B, Li M. Lipid metabolic reprogramming mediated by circulating Nrg4 alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease during the early recovery phase after sleeve gastrectomy. BMC Med 2024; 22:164. [PMID: 38632600 PMCID: PMC11025198 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery that contribute to the alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. However, the processes and mechanisms underlying the contribution of lipid metabolic reprogramming after bariatric surgery to attenuating MASLD remain elusive. METHODS A case-control study was designed to evaluate the impact of three of the most common adipokines (Nrg4, leptin, and adiponectin) on hepatic steatosis in the early recovery phase following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). A series of rodent and cell line experiments were subsequently used to determine the role and mechanism of secreted adipokines following SG in the alleviation of MASLD. RESULTS In morbidly obese patients, an increase in circulating Nrg4 levels is associated with the alleviation of hepatic steatosis in the early recovery phase following SG before remarkable weight loss. The temporal parameters of the mice confirmed that an increase in circulating Nrg4 levels was initially stimulated by SG and contributed to the beneficial effect of SG on hepatic lipid deposition. Moreover, this occurred early following bariatric surgery. Mechanistically, gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice or cell lines revealed that circulating Nrg4 activates ErbB4, which could positively regulate fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes to reduce intracellular lipid deposition. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the rapid effect of SG on hepatic lipid metabolic reprogramming mediated by circulating Nrg4 alleviates MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dongzi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chaofan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yining He
- Biostatistics Office of Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Meiyi Li
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Moazzam A, Saleem A, Shah S, Hussain L, Baig MMFA, Alshammari A, Albekairi NA, Akhtar MF. A combination of gliclazide and metformin attenuates obesity-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in female Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29015. [PMID: 38596120 PMCID: PMC11002689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, it is known that the progression of obesity concomitantly leads to polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of metformin (M; insulin secretagogues) and gliclazide (G; insulin sensitizer) alone and their combination at different doses to treat obesity-induced PCOS. High high-fat diet was given to all female Wistar rats for nine weeks to induce obesity except for the normal control group which received a normal chow diet. Estradiol valerate (0.8 mg/kg) was also given to all obese rats to induce polycystic ovarian syndrome. After the induction, M (100, 300 mg/kg) and G (5, 10 mg/kg) were given orally either individually or in combination for 28 days. The notable (p < 0.0001) reduction in body weight and blood glucose level was observed in treatment groups in contrast to disease control (DCG). The marked (p < 0.05-0.0001) decrease in hemocylated hemoglobin, serum insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and testosterone was observed in treated groups, notably in combination groups (M100+G10 mg/kg) in contrast to DCG. There was a considerable (p < 0.01-0.0001) increase in progesterone E2, estradiol, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating hormones in treated groups as compared to DCG. Treatment with M and G treated groups also exhibited marked (p < 0.05-0.0001) increases in SOD, CAT, and GSH while decreased in NO and MDA levels in ovary tissue as evidenced by the histological study of the ovary. Treatment with M and G alone and in combination significantly (p < 0.0001) restored the serum IL-6, NrF2, and NF-κB levels as compared to DCG. The results inveterate that the M and G combination (M100+G10, and M300+G10) was useful in treating obesity-induced infertility due to antioxidant properties, hypolipidemic effects, and modulation of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Moazzam
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan
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14
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Razzaghi-Asl S, Doğan SN, Tekatlı MT, Veldhuizen MG. Distraction suppresses high-fat flavor perception. Appetite 2024; 195:107177. [PMID: 38122869 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Distraction during eating contributes to overeating, and when habitually eating with distraction, this may contribute to the development of obesity. One of the proposed mediating mechanisms is the suppression of intensity perception in odor and taste. The effect of distraction on fat intensity perception in flavor, the multisensory combination of odor, taste, and other sensory aspects, is still unknown. In this study, 32 participants (22 women) performed a flavor perception task while also performing a distracting working memory task. In each trial, participants were instructed to observe and memorize a string of 3 (low cognitive load) or 7 (high cognitive load) consonants. Then they received a small quantity of a high- or low-fat chocolate drink, and after that, they were asked to select the string they tried to memorize from three answer options. Last, they rated the intensity and fattiness of the flavor. As intended, in the working memory task, we observed that with a high cognitive load (relative to a low cognitive load), accuracy decreased and response times increased. Regarding perception of the flavors, we observed that overall, high-fat drinks were rated as more intense and fattier. Cognitive load and fat content interacted, such that for the low-fat drink, intensity and fattiness ratings were similar under both cognitive loads; however, under the high cognitive load (relative to the low cognitive load), intensity and fattiness ratings for the high-fat drink were lower. Our results show that distraction can impact the perception of fat in high-fat drinks. If distraction primarily reduces perception of high-fat foods, this may pose a particular risk of overeating high-calorie foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Cognitive Science, Informatic Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sümeyra Nur Doğan
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye; Biotechnology Research and Applications Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye.
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15
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Cotterell A, Griffin M, Downer MA, Parker JB, Wan D, Longaker MT. Understanding wound healing in obesity. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:86898. [PMID: 38590299 PMCID: PMC10999071 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.86898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become more prevalent in the global population. It is associated with the development of several diseases including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. There are a multitude of factors impacted by obesity that may contribute to poor wound healing outcomes. With millions worldwide classified as obese, it is imperative to understand wound healing in these patients. Despite advances in the understanding of wound healing in both healthy and diabetic populations, much is unknown about wound healing in obese patients. This review examines the impact of obesity on wound healing and several animal models that may be used to broaden our understanding in this area. As a growing portion of the population identifies as obese, understanding the underlying mechanisms and how to overcome poor wound healing is of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Cotterell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Mauricio A Downer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Jennifer B Parker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Derrick Wan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
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16
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Yang J, Dai M, Wang Y, Yan Z, Mao S, Liu A, Lu C. A CDAHFD-induced mouse model mimicking human NASH in the metabolism of hepatic phosphatidylcholines and acyl carnitines. Food Funct 2024; 15:2982-2995. [PMID: 38411344 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of a cluster of conditions associated with lipid metabolism disorders. Ideal animal models mimicking the human NASH need to be explored to better understand the pathogenesis. A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) has recently been used to induce the NASH model, but the advantages are not established. NASH models were induced using the well-known traditional methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 5 weeks and the recently used CDAHFD for 3 weeks. Liver phenotypes were analyzed to evaluate the differences in markers related to NASH. Lipidomics and metabolism analyses were used to investigate the effects of dietary regimens on the lipidome of the liver. The CDAHFD induced stronger NASH responses than the MCD, including lipid deposition, liver injury, inflammation, bile acid overload and hepatocyte proliferation. A significant difference in the hepatic lipidome was revealed between the CDAHFD and MCD-induced NASH models. In particular, the CDAHFD reduced the hepatic levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and acylcarnitines (ACs), which was supported by the metabolism analysis and in line with the tendency of human NASH. Pathologically, the CDAHFD could effectively induce a more human-like NASH model over the traditional MCD. The hepatic PCs, ACs and their metabolism in CDAHFD-treated mice were down-regulated, similar to those in human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China.
| | - Manyun Dai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Zheng Yan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Shuqi Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China.
| | - Aiming Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Caide Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China.
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17
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Zhang K, Shen R, Zhang Y, Tian X, Wang W. Modulating in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of nanocellulose-stabilized pickering emulsions by altering particle surface charge. Food Chem 2024; 434:137521. [PMID: 37769602 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro model of human gastrointestinal digestion was introduced to investigate the effects of surface charge of cellulose nanoparticles on emulsion structure during gastric phase, lipase activity, bile salt diffusion, and free fatty acid (FFA) release. Four carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF; C0, C0.36, C0.72, and C1.24) were used, showing different surface charge (p < 0.05). First, four carboxymethylated CNFs had no inhibition effects on lipase activity and bile salt diffusion. Moreover, we found that the lipid emulsion containing CNF formed gel structure to induce oil droplets aggregation during simulated gastric phase. Additionally, the particle surface charge greatly influenced the gel structure of emulsion where a denser gel structure was observed in the C0 (lowest surface charged CNF) stabilized emulsion. Finally, the released FFA results showed that the formed gel structure lowered the lipid emulsion digestion attributed to the restricted adherent area of oil droplets for lipase and bile salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixi Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Mazzarella L, Falvo P, Adinolfi M, Tini G, Gatti E, Piccioni R, Bonetti E, Gavilán E, Valli D, Gruszka A, Bodini M, Gallo B, Orecchioni S, de Michele G, Migliaccio E, Duso BA, Roerink S, Stratton M, Bertolini F, Alcalay M, Dellino GI, Pelicci PG. High-Fat Diet Promotes Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia through PPARδ-Enhanced Self-renewal of Preleukemic Progenitors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:59-75. [PMID: 37956420 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk and outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are particularly worsened in obese-overweight individuals, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. In established mouse APL models (Ctsg-PML::RARA), we confirmed that obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) enhances leukemogenesis by increasing penetrance and shortening latency, providing an ideal model to investigate obesity-induced molecular events in the preleukemic phase. Surprisingly, despite increasing DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), HFD only minimally increased mutational load, with no relevant impact on known cancer-driving genes. HFD expanded and enhanced self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), with concomitant reduction in long-term HSCs. Importantly, linoleic acid, abundant in HFD, fully recapitulates the effect of HFD on the self-renewal of PML::RARA HPCs through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, a central regulator of fatty acid metabolism. Our findings inform dietary/pharmacologic interventions to counteract obesity-associated cancers and suggest that nongenetic factors play a key role. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Our work informs interventions aimed at counteracting the cancer-promoting effect of obesity. On the basis of our study, individuals with a history of chronic obesity may still significantly reduce their risk by switching to a healthier lifestyle, a concept supported by evidence in solid tumors but not yet in hematologic malignancies. See related Spotlight, p. 47.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Falvo
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Tini
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora Valli
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno A Duso
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Roerink
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Myriam Alcalay
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
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19
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Araújo ADM, Arruda SF. Ameliorating the impairment of glucose utilization in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model through the consumption of Tucum-do-Cerrado (Bactris Setosa Mart.). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293627. [PMID: 38206915 PMCID: PMC10783741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effect of Tucum-do-Cerrado on glucose metabolism homeostasis and its relationship with redox-inflammatory responses in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity model. RESULTS The HF diet increased energy intake, feed efficiency, body weight, muscle and hepatic glycogen, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and beta (β)-cell function, and gut catalase (CAT) activity, and decreased food intake, hepatic glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1), and intestinal solute carrier family 5 member 1 (Slc5a1) mRNA levels compared with the control diet. However, the HF diet with Tucum-do-Cerrado decreased hepatic glycogen, and increased hepatic GR activity, hepatic Slc2a2 mRNA levels and serum Tnfa compared with the HF diet. Tucum-do-Cerrado decreased muscle glycogen, intestinal CAT and GPX activities, muscle PFK-1 and HK activities, and increased hepatic protein (CARB) and intestinal lipid (MDA) oxidation, hepatic GST activity, serum antioxidant potential, hepatic phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) activity, intestinal solute carrier family 2 member 2 (Slc2a2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), muscle protein kinase AMP-activated alpha 1 (Prkaa1), solute carrier family 2 member 2 (Slc2a2) mRNA levels, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, regardless of diet type. CONCLUSION Tucum-do-Cerrado consumption may ameliorate impaired glucose utilization in a HF diet-induced obesity model by increasing liver and muscle glucose uptake and oxidation. These data suggest that Tucum-do-Cerrado consumption improves muscle glucose oxidation in non-obese and obese rats. This response may be related to the improvement in the total antioxidant capacity of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda de Mesquita Araújo
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sandra Fernandes Arruda
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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20
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Huang X, He W, Fan S, Li H, Ye G. IGF2BP3-mediated enhanced stability of MYLK represses MSC adipogenesis and alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in HFD mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:17. [PMID: 38196046 PMCID: PMC10776757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold immense potential as multipotent stem cells and serve as a primary source of adipocytes. The process of MSC adipogenesis plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis and has garnered significant attention in tissue bioengineering. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification, is known to regulate cell fate and disease. However, the precise involvement of m6A readers in MSC adipogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of IGF2BP3, a prominent m6A reader, on MSC adipogenesis. Our findings revealed a decrease in IGF2BP3 expression during the natural adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, IGF2BP3 was found to repress MSC adipogenesis by augmenting the levels of MYLK, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 interacted with MYLK mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner, extending its half-life and subsequently inhibiting the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 pathway, thereby impeding the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, we successfully achieved the overexpression of IGF2BP3 through intraperitoneal injection of adeno-associated virus serotype Rec2, which specifically targeted adipose tissue. This intervention resulted in reduced body weight and improved insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of IGF2BP3 in MSC adipogenesis, shedding light on adipocyte-related disorders and presenting potential targets for related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuji Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhui He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Cholakova D, Denkov N. Polymorphic phase transitions in triglycerides and their mixtures studied by SAXS/WAXS techniques: In bulk and in emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103071. [PMID: 38157769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) exhibit a monotropic polymorphism, forming three main polymorphic forms upon crystallization: α, β' and β. The distinct physicochemical properties of these polymorphs, such as melting temperature, subcell lattice structure, mass density, etc., significantly impact the appearance, texture, and long-term stability of a wide range products in the food and cosmetics industries. Additionally, TAGs are also of special interest in the field of controlled drug delivery and sustained release in pharmaceuticals, being a key material in the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles. The present article outlines our current understanding of TAG phase behavior in both bulk and emulsified systems. While our primary focus are investigations involving monoacid TAGs and their mixtures, we also include illustrative examples with natural TAG oils, highlighting the knowledge transfer from simple to intricate systems. Special attention is given to recent discoveries via X-ray scattering techniques. The main factors influencing TAG polymorphism are discussed, revealing that a higher occurrence of structural defects in the TAG structure always accelerates the rate of the α → β polymorphic transformation. Diverse approaches can be employed based on the specific system: incorporating foreign molecules or solid particles into bulk TAGs, reducing drop size in dispersed systems, or using surfactants that remain fluid during TAG particle crystallization, ensuring the necessary molecular mobility for the polymorphic transformation. Furthermore, we showcase the role of TAG polymorphism on a recently discovered phenomenon: the creation of nanoparticles as small as 20 nm from initial coarse emulsions without any mechanical energy input. This analysis underscores how the broader understanding of the TAG polymorphism can be effectively applied to comprehend and control previously unexplored processes of notable practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cholakova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolai Denkov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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22
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Zhu X, Si F, Hao R, Zheng J, Zhang C. Nuciferine Protects against Obesity-Induced Nephrotoxicity through Its Hypolipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18769-18779. [PMID: 38006352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) could cause obesity, trigger lipid accumulation, and induce oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to kidney damage. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of nuciferine on HFD-caused nephrotoxicity and explore the underlying mechanisms in Kunming mice and palmitic acid-exposed HK-2 cells. In obese mice, nuciferine notably alleviated HFD-induced chronic renal dysfunction and delayed renal fibrosis progression and podocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased expressions of renal function factors BUN, CRE, and UA and the decreased expressions of key protein factors TGF-β1, p-Samd3, Wnt-1, and β-catenin. Nuciferine also effectively attenuated HFD-induced renal lipid accumulation via the AMPK-mediated regulation of FAS and HSL expressions and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress via the AMPK-mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. In addition, consistent with the results of animal experiments, nuciferine remarkably reversed cell damage and attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in palmitic acid-exposed HK-2 cells through the AMPK-mediated signaling pathway. Therefore, nuciferine could be a new food-derived protective agent to offset obesity and correlative kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Si
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
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23
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Dumlu Bilgin G, Büyükuslu N, Eyüpoğlu OE, Cumbul A. Co-administration of curcumin and polyamines in high-fat diet induced obese rats: Assessment of changes in serum polyamine levels and some tissue parameters. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106784. [PMID: 37726052 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease that continues to increase around the world. Recently, it has been shown that curcumin positively affects lipid, energy metabolism, and body weight change. Moreover, polyamines are aliphatic polycations, which can be found in all mammalian cells and foods and have been shown to prevent obesity through many different mechanisms. However, whether the co-administration of curcumin and polyamines has synergistic effects has yet to be clarified. Our study aimed to examine the effects of curcumin and polyamines on obesity and to assess the changes in serum polyamine levels and tissue parameters. 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to develop obesity, and then they were randomly divided into 4 groups as the control group (CONT), curcumin group (CUR), polyamine group (POL), curcumin and polyamine group (CUR+POL) and supplements were administered for 6 weeks. As a result, the lowest feed consumption in rats was recorded in the CUR+POL group, and the group with the lowest weight after supplements was the POL group, then the CUR+POL, CONT, and CUR groups, respectively. N-acetyl putrescine and GABA levels increased significantly after obesity development. The total histopathological score in fat, liver, and kidney tissues increased significantly in the CONT group. In the CUR+POL group, damage to the tissues was in the direction of recovery compared to the other groups, and the expression of NF-κB was significantly low. These results suggest that combined curcumin and polyamines may have protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Dumlu Bilgin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nihal Büyükuslu
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Emre Eyüpoğlu
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Cumbul
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Shen Y, Zhao W, Monroig Ó, Bao Y, Zhu T, Jiao L, Sun P, Tocher DR, Zhou Q, Jin M. High-fat-diet induced inflammation and apoptosis via activation of Ire1α in liver and hepatocytes of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109212. [PMID: 37926203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (Ire1α) in mediating high-fat-diet (HFD) induced inflammation and apoptosis in fish and elucidate underling mechanisms of action. In experiment 1, black seabream juveniles were fed a control diet (Control, 12 % dietary lipid) or a high fat diet (HFD, 19 % dietary lipid) for eight weeks. In experiment 2, primary hepatocytes were isolated from black seabream juveniles and treated with oleic acid (OA, 200 μmol/L), OA + transfection with non-silencing control siRNA (negative control) (OA + NC), and OA + transfection with ire1α-small interfering RNA (OA + siire1α) for 48 h versus untreated (Control). Results indicated that fish fed HFD increased lipid deposition in the liver and caused hepatic steatosis. HFD group had significantly higher ire1α/Ire1α mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related genes expression compared to the Control group, indicating that ERS was triggered. Meanwhile, feeding HFD induced inflammation and apoptosis by evaluated nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) mRNA and phosphorylated Nf-κb p65 protein expression, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk) mRNA and protein expression. However, knock down of ire1α (OA + siire1α) in primary hepatocytes alleviated OA-induced increased expression of ire1α/Ire1α mRNA and protein expression, nf-κb/Nf-κb p65 mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression, and jnk/Jnk mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression. These findings revealed the underling mechanism of action of HFD in fish, confirming that HFD increased ESR stress and Ire1α that, in turn, activated Nf-κb and Jnk pathways in hepatocytes and liver mediating HFD-induced inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedong Shen
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Yangguang Bao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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25
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Santamarina AB, Mennitti LV, de Souza EA, Mesquita LMDS, Noronha IH, Vasconcelos JRC, Prado CM, Pisani LP. A low-carbohydrate diet with different fatty acids' sources in the treatment of obesity: Impact on insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2381-2394. [PMID: 37862824 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for nutritional intervention strategies against obesity has grown, highlighting the low-carbohydrate diet model. However, little is known about the impact of the quality of fatty acids consumed in this diet. Thus, we aim to investigate the influence of fatty acid quality on dietary strategy on obesity. METHODS Male Swiss mice were diet-induced to obesity. Afterward, mice consume a low-carb diet with different types of fat: saturated, polyunsaturated ω-3, ω-6, and monounsaturated ω-9 fatty acids. Weight gain and food consumption were monitored weekly. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis of insulin resistance markers. Protein expression of insulin signaling pathway molecules, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, macrophage polarization, and cytokine production were analyzed. RESULTS The high-fat diet was able to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. The switch to a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern reversed the glucose intolerance, with better results in the ω-3 and ω-9 groups. After the low-carbohydrate diet, groups ω-3 and ω-9 presented improved fasting serum glucose, insulin, and HOMA indexes. The low-carbohydrate diet also increased the activity of insulin pathway proteins such as IR, IRS1, and AKT. Furthermore, the ω-3 diet group showed greater activity of mitochondrial complexes and AMPK signaling pathway proteins. The ω-6 and ω-9 -rich diet induced M2-type macrophage polarization, as well as cytokine production modulation by the low-carbohydrate diet in the ω-3 and ω-9 groups. CONCLUSIONS Consuming a low-carbohydrate diet pattern promotes weight loss and improves glucose intolerance in obesity. Also, the quality of lipids has a direct influence, demonstrating that the consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated and ω-9 monounsaturated lipids can lead to more favorable outcomes for the improvement of glucose intolerance, lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Santamarina
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V Mennitti
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esther A de Souza
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaú H Noronha
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie C Vasconcelos
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Galeano P, de Ceglia M, Mastrogiovanni M, Campanelli L, Medina-Vera D, Campolo N, Novack GV, Rosell-Valle C, Suárez J, Aicardo A, Campuzano K, Castaño EM, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Morelli L. The Effect of Fat Intake with Increased Omega-6-to-Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio in Animal Models of Early and Late Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17009. [PMID: 38069333 PMCID: PMC10707298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on the adult brain affected by amyloid pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat and 5xFAD Tg mouse models that represent earlier or later disease stages were employed. The animals were exposed to a control diet (CD) or an HFD based on corn oil, from young (rats) or adult (mice) ages for 24 or 10 weeks, respectively. In rats and mice, the HFD impaired reference memory in wild-type (WT) animals but did not worsen it in Tg, did not cause obesity, and did not increase triglycerides or glucose levels. Conversely, the HFD promoted stronger microglial activation in Tg vs. WT rats but had no effect on cerebral amyloid deposition. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels were increased in Tg rats, regardless of diet, while CXCL1 chemokine levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Hippocampal 3-nitrotyrosine levels tended to increase in HFD-fed Tg rats but not in mice. Overall, an HFD with an elevated omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio as compared to the CD (25:1 vs. 8.4:1) did not aggravate the outcome of AD regardless of the stage of amyloid pathology, suggesting that many neurobiological processes relevant to AD are not directly dependent on PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lorenzo Campanelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gisela V. Novack
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Karen Campuzano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
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27
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Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
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Busso D, González A, Santander N, Saavedra F, Quiroz A, Rivera K, González J, Olmos P, Marette A, Bazinet L, Illanes S, Enrione J. A Quinoa Protein Hydrolysate Fractionated by Electrodialysis with Ultrafiltration Membranes Improves Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300047. [PMID: 37667444 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Quinoa intake exerts hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in animals and humans. Although peptides from quinoa inhibit key enzymes involved in glucose homeostasis in vitro, their in vivo antidiabetic properties have not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS This study evaluated the effect of oral administration of a quinoa protein hydrolysate (QH) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis and fractionation by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) (FQH) on the metabolic and pregnancy outcomes of Lepdb/+ pregnant mice, a preclinical model of gestational diabetes mellitus. The 4-week pregestational consumption of 2.5 mg mL-1 of QH in water prevented glucose intolerance and improves hepatic insulin signaling in dams, also reducing fetal weights. Sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the defatted FQH (FQHD) identified 11 peptides 6-10 amino acids long that aligned with the quinoa proteome and exhibited putative anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) activity, confirmed in vitro in QH, FQH, and FDQH fractions. Peptides homologous to mouse and human proteins enriched for biological processes related to glucose metabolism are also identified. CONCLUSION Processing of quinoa protein may be used to develop a safe and effective nutritional intervention to control glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Further studies are required to confirm if this nutritional intervention is applicable to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Busso
- Program of Reproductive Biology, Research and Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Adrián González
- Biopolymer Research and Engineering Lab (BiopREL), Research and Innovation Center, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Nicolás Santander
- Health Science Institute, Universidad de O´Higgins, Rancagua, 2841959, Chile
| | - Fujiko Saavedra
- Program of Reproductive Biology, Research and Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Alonso Quiroz
- PhD Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Katherine Rivera
- PhD Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Javier González
- Immersion in Science Program, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval Hospital Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval Hospital Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaire (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electro-Membrane Processes) Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sebastián Illanes
- Program of Reproductive Biology, Research and Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Javier Enrione
- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
- Biopolymer Research and Engineering Lab (BiopREL), Research and Innovation Center, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
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Sawie HG, Khadrawy YA, El-Gizawy MM, Mourad HH, Omara EA, Hosny EN. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on obesity and its complications in liver and kidney in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3017-3031. [PMID: 37306714 PMCID: PMC10567965 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CAF-CS NPs) on obesity and its hepatic and renal complications in rats. Rats were divided into control, rat model of obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD), and obese rats treated with ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs. At the end of the experiment, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the levels of urea, creatinine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined in the sera of animals. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in hepatic and renal tissues. Renal Na+, K+-ATPase was assessed. The histopathological changes were examined in the hepatic and renal tissues. Obese rats showed a significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, and creatinine. This was associated with a significant increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, and NO. A significant decrease in hepatic and renal GSH and renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity was recorded in obese rats. Obese rats also showed histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. Treatment with ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs reduced the weight of obese rats and ameliorated almost all the hepatic and renal biochemical and histopathological changes induced in obese rats. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs offered an effective therapy against obesity induced by HFD and its hepatic and renal complications. The therapeutic effect of ALA and CAF-CS NPs could be mediated through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada M El-Gizawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hagar H Mourad
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt.
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30
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Lee EJ, Song J, Park CH, Mun EG, Wang J, Han A, Park JE, Cha YS. Soy Sauce Lowers Body Weight and Fat Mass in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:858-867. [PMID: 37862057 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy sauce (SS) is a traditional fermented seasoning. Although fermented foods have diverse health beneficial effects, SS intake has been discouraged because of its high salt level. This study was designed to evaluate the antiobesity outcomes of SS and the potential involvement of salt content in SS by adding a high-salt group. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: normal diet (ND, 10% fat of total kcal), high-fat diet (HD, 60% fat of total kcal), HD with salt water (HDSW, NaCl = 8%), and HD with SS (HDSS, NaCl = 8%). SS significantly decreased HD-induced body weight gain and lipogenic gene expression without affecting food consumption. Moreover, SS also reduced hepatic injury and lipid accumulation, and also improved hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, SS decreased the mRNA levels related to obesity-derived inflammatory responses, while HDSW did not change the levels of those markers. These observations indicate that SS ameliorates obesity in HD-fed obese rats by attenuating dyslipidemia. Moreover, SS might also have an anti-inflammatory effect in HD-induced obesity, which requires further investigation. Most importantly, SS offers these beneficial effects regardless of its high salt content, implying that different dietary salt sources lead to the distinct health outcomes. In conclusion, the findings of this study improve the understanding of the functional effect of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Song
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Mun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Beobjo-Ro, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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31
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Aliabadi M, Saghebjoo M, Yakhchali B, Shariati V. Interaction between high-intensity interval training and high-protein diet on gut microbiota composition and body weight in obese male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:808-828. [PMID: 37642210 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet and exercise are two critical factors that regulate gut microbiota, affecting weight management. The present study investigated the effect of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) on gut microbiota composition and body weight changes in obese male Wistar rats. Forty obese rats were randomly divided into five groups, including HPD, HIIT + HPD, HIIT + high-fat diet (HFD) (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 1 (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 2 (cutting off HFD at the beginning of the intervention and continuing standard diet), and eight non-obese Wistar rats as a non-obese control (NOC) group (standard diet). Microbial community composition and diversity analysis by sequencing 16S rRNA genes derived from the fecal samples, body weight, and Lee index were assessed. The body weight and Lee index in the NOC, HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD groups were significantly lower than that in the OC1 and OC2 groups along with the lower body weight and Lee index in the HPD and HIIT + HPD groups compared with the HIIT + HFD group. Also, HFD consumption and switching from HFD to a standard diet or HPD increased gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, HIIT along with HFD increased the adverse effects of HFD on gut microbiota, while the HIIT + HPD increased microbial richness, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and changed rats' phenotype to lean. It appears that HFD discontinuation without doing HIIT does not improve gut microbiota dysbiosis. Also, the HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD slow down HFD-induced weight gain, but HIIT + HPD is a more reliable strategy for weight management due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aliabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Beaver LM, Prati M, Gilman KE, Luo T, Shay NF, Branscum AJ, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT. Diet composition influences the effect of high fat diets on bone in growing male mice. Bone 2023; 176:116888. [PMID: 37652285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of diet-induced obesity on bone in rodents is variable, with bone mass increases, decreases, and no impact reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the composition of obesogenic diet may influence bone independent of its effect on body weight. As proof-of-principle, we used a mouse model to compare the skeletal effects of a commonly used high fat 'Western' diet and a modified high fat diet. The modified high fat diet included ground English walnut and was isocaloric for macronutrients, but differed in fatty acid composition and contained nutrients (e.g. polyphenols) not present in the standard 'Western' diet. Eight-week-old mice were randomized into 1 of 3 dietary treatments (n = 8/group): (1) low fat control diet (LF; 10 % kcal fat); (2) high fat 'Western' diet (HF; 46 % kcal fat as soybean oil and lard); or (3) modified high fat diet supplemented with ground walnuts (HF + walnut; 46 % kcal fat as soybean oil, lard, and walnut) and maintained on their respective diets for 9 weeks. Bone response in femur was then evaluated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometry. Consumption of both obesogenic diets resulted in increased weight gain but differed in impact on bone and bone marrow adiposity in distal femur metaphysis. Mice consuming the high fat 'Western' diet exhibited a tendency for lower cancellous bone volume fraction and connectivity density, and had lower osteoblast-lined bone perimeter (an index of bone formation) and higher bone marrow adiposity than low fat controls. Mice fed the modified high fat diet did not differ from mice fed control (low fat) diet in cancellous bone microarchitecture, or osteoblast-lined bone perimeter, and exhibited lower bone marrow adiposity compared to mice fed the 'Western' diet. This proof-of-principal study demonstrates that two obesogenic diets, similar in macronutrient distribution and induction of weight gain, can have different effects on cancellous bone in distal femur metaphysis. Because the composition of the diets used to induce obesity in rodents does not recapitulate a common human diet, our finding challenges the translatability of rodent studies evaluating the impact of diet-induced obesity on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maud Prati
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kristy E Gilman
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Neil F Shay
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Ely EV, Kapinski AT, Paradi SG, Tang R, Guilak F, Collins KH. Designer Fat Cells: Adipogenic Differentiation of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564206. [PMID: 37961399 PMCID: PMC10634849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that can signal bidirectionally to many tissues and organ systems in the body. With obesity, adipose tissue is a source of low-level inflammation that contributes to various co-morbidities and damage to downstream effector tissues. The ability to synthesize genetically engineered adipose tissue could have critical applications in studying adipokine signaling and the use of adipose tissue for novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to develop a method for non-viral adipogenic differentiation of genome-edited murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to test the ability of such cells to engraft in mice in vivo . Designer adipocytes were created from iPSCs, which can be readily genetically engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out or insert individual genes of interest. As a model system for adipocyte-based drug delivery, an existing iPSC cell line that transcribes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist under the endogenous macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 promoter was tested for adipogenic capabilities under these same differentiation conditions. To understand the role of various adipocyte subtypes and their impact on health and disease, an efficient method was devised for inducing browning and whitening of IPSC-derived adipocytes in culture. Finally, to study the downstream effects of designer adipocytes in vivo , we transplanted the designer adipocytes into fat-free lipodystrophic mice as a model system for studying adipose signaling in different models of disease or repair. This novel translational tissue engineering and regenerative medicine platform provides an innovative approach to studying the role of adipose interorgan communication in various conditions.
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Sri S, Greenstein A, Granata A, Collcutt A, Jochems ACC, McColl BW, Castro BD, Webber C, Reyes CA, Hall C, Lawrence CB, Hawkes C, Pegasiou-Davies CM, Gibson C, Crawford CL, Smith C, Vivien D, McLean FH, Wiseman F, Brezzo G, Lalli G, Pritchard HAT, Markus HS, Bravo-Ferrer I, Taylor J, Leiper J, Berwick J, Gan J, Gallacher J, Moss J, Goense J, McMullan L, Work L, Evans L, Stringer MS, Ashford MLJ, Abulfadl M, Conlon N, Malhotra P, Bath P, Canter R, Brown R, Ince S, Anderle S, Young S, Quick S, Szymkowiak S, Hill S, Allan S, Wang T, Quinn T, Procter T, Farr TD, Zhao X, Yang Z, Hainsworth AH, Wardlaw JM. A multi-disciplinary commentary on preclinical research to investigate vascular contributions to dementia. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 5:100189. [PMID: 37941765 PMCID: PMC10628644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Although dementia research has been dominated by Alzheimer's disease (AD), most dementia in older people is now recognised to be due to mixed pathologies, usually combining vascular and AD brain pathology. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which encompasses vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. Models of VCI have been delayed by limited understanding of the underlying aetiology and pathogenesis. This review by a multidisciplinary, diverse (in terms of sex, geography and career stage), cross-institute team provides a perspective on limitations to current VCI models and recommendations for improving translation and reproducibility. We discuss reproducibility, clinical features of VCI and corresponding assessments in models, human pathology, bioinformatics approaches, and data sharing. We offer recommendations for future research, particularly focusing on small vessel disease as a main underpinning disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmi Sri
- UK Dementia Research Institute Headquarters, 6th Floor Maple House, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Adam Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Alex Collcutt
- UK Dementia Research Institute Headquarters, 6th Floor Maple House, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Angela C C Jochems
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Blanca Díaz Castro
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Carmen Arteaga Reyes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Hall
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheryl Hawkes
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Claire Gibson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Colin L Crawford
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, , GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
- Department of clinical research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Fiona H McLean
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Frances Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gaia Brezzo
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giovanna Lalli
- UK Dementia Research Institute Headquarters, 6th Floor Maple House, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Harry A T Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Isabel Bravo-Ferrer
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jade Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Leiper
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jason Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jian Gan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Moss
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jozien Goense
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Letitia McMullan
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Lorraine Work
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
| | - Lowri Evans
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael S Stringer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - MLJ Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mohamed Abulfadl
- Dementia Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Nina Conlon
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paresh Malhotra
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, UK
| | - Philip Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Stroke, Medicine Division, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Canter
- Dementia Discovery Fund, SV Health Managers LLP, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Brown
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Selvi Ince
- Dementia Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Silvia Anderle
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - Simon Young
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sophie Quick
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Steve Hill
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Terry Quinn
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Tessa Procter
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tracy D Farr
- School of Life Sciences, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Division, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Li R, He Z, Yan W, Yu H, Yi X, Sha Y, Zhang Q, Cai R, Pang W. Tricaprylin, a medium-chain triglyceride, aggravates high-fat diet-induced fat deposition but improves intestinal health. Food Funct 2023; 14:8797-8813. [PMID: 37675852 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are absorbed and metabolized more rapidly than long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) and therefore are considered to have obesity-prevention potential in foods. The effect of adding tricaprylin, an MCT, to food on fat deposition and intestinal health is uncharted. In this study, mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a normal diet (ND), ND with tricaprylin, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with tricaprylin. Supplementation of 2% tricaprylin in HFD significantly increased the body weight, fat mass, liver weight, adipocyte size in adipose tissue and liver, and upregulated genes related to fat deposition. Metabolomic analysis of serum and adipose tissue revealed that tricaprylin significantly increased the contents of metabolites related to lipid metabolism, triglyceride storage, and fat deposition related signaling pathways. In vitro experiments and molecular docking analysis suggest that octanoic acid, a primary decomposition product of tricaprylin, may promote adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes by acting as a PPARγ ligand to activate the expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Although supplementation with 2% tricaprylin in HFD cannot reduce fat deposition, it has a beneficial effect on intestinal health. Tricaprylin improved intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration, and intestinal barrier function-related protein expression, while reducing inflammatory factor levels and the abundance of harmful intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wenyong Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - He Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xudong Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yiwen Sha
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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36
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Tao Q, Zhang ZD, Lu XR, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge BW, Li JY, Yang YJ. Multi-omics reveals aspirin eugenol ester alleviates neurological disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115311. [PMID: 37572635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes play an essential role in maintaining normal brain function due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new medicinal compound synthesized by the esterification of aspirin with eugenol using the prodrug principle. Aspirin has been reported to have neuroprotective effects and may be effective against neurodegenerative diseases. PURPOSE This study wanted to investigate how AEE affected neurological diseases in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A multi-omics approach was used to explore the effects of AEE on the nervous system. Gene and protein expression changes of BDNF and NEFM in SY5Y cells after AEE treatment were detected using RT-qPCR and Western Blot. KEY RESULTS The multi-omics results showed that AEE could regulate neuronal synapses, neuronal axons, neuronal migration, and neuropeptide signaling by affecting transport, inflammatory response, and regulating apoptosis. Exosomes secreted by AEE-treated Caco-2 cells could promote the growth of neurofilaments in SY5Y cells and increased the expression of BDNF and NEFM proteins in SY5Y cells. miRNAs in the exosomes of AEE-treated Caco-2 cells may play an important role in the activation of SY5Y neuronal cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, AEE could play positive effects on neurological-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Bo-Wen Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Li J, Yang D, Xiang L, Du T, Ma L. Effect of vitamin D3 on lipid droplet growth in adipocytes of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6686-6697. [PMID: 37823117 PMCID: PMC10563741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-regulating action of PPARγ on obesity has been confirmed on adipocyte differentiation. However, it is not clear whether vitamin D affects the morphological size of mature adipocytes by influencing the expression of PPARγ in vivo. Our hypothesis was that Vitamin D3 (VitD3) inhibits the growth of adipocyte size by suppressing PPARγ expression in white adipocytes of obese mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 weeks, the body weight between the two groups differed by 26.91%. The obese mice were randomly divided into a high-fat diet, solvent control, low-dose VitD3 (5000 IU/kg·food), medium-dose VitD3 (7500 IU/kg·food), high-dose VitD3 (10,000 IU/kg·food), and PPAR γ antagonist group, and the intervention lasted for 8 weeks. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice fed high-dose VitD3 exacerbated markers of adiposity (body weight, fat mass, fat mass rate, size of white and brown adipocytes, mRNA, and protein levels of ATGL and Fsp27), and the protein level of ATGL and Fsp27 decreased in the low-dose group. In conclusion, high-dose VitD3 possibly via inhibiting the ATGL expression, thereby inhibiting lipolysis, increasing the volume of adipocytes, and decreasing their fat-storing ability resulted in decreased Fsp27 expression. Therefore, long-term high-dose oral VitD3 may not necessarily improve obesity, and we need more clinical trials to explore the intervention dose and duration of VitD3 in the treatment of VitD3 deficiency in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
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Usluel G, Acikgoz B, Dalkiran B, Kiray A, Aksu I, Kiray M. The effects of Spirulina platensis on behavior in adolescent rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:505-517. [PMID: 37315948 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become a universal public health problem. Obesity may lead to cognitive disorders, depression and anxiety by affecting neuronal processes. Spirulina platensis (SP), a species of microalgae from the Chlorophyceae green algae class, has neuroprotective effects and may reduce body weight. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SP on behavior alongside the role of leptin and Sirtuin-1 in fed with high-fat diet (HFD) adolescent rats. Four-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD + SP150 (150 mg/kg/day SP, orally), HFD + SP450 (450 mg/kg/day SP, orally). Rats except for the control group exposed to 60% HFD along 12 weeks. Last 6 weeks SP or vehicle administered. After the behavioral tests, leptin and Sirtuin-1 levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions were evaluated. SP150 significantly reduced body weight compared with HFD group. The time spent in the center of open field increased significantly in SP150-treated rats compared with HFD. SP150 and SP450 significantly decreased immobility time in forced swim test compared with HFD. Leptin levels in HFD group were significantly lower in prefrontal cortex compared to control group. Leptin levels of the HFD + SP450 group were significantly higher than HFD group in the hippocampus. There was no significant difference between groups in Sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, SP supplementation in adolescence period might positively affect chronic high fat-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior by partially affecting brain leptin levels and without affecting Sirtuin-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Usluel
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Acikgoz
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Dalkiran
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amac Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Meliopoulos V, Honce R, Livingston B, Hargest V, Freiden P, Lazure L, Brigleb PH, Karlsson E, Tillman H, Allen EK, Boyd D, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Diet-induced obesity impacts influenza disease severity and transmission dynamics in ferrets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.558609. [PMID: 37808835 PMCID: PMC10557597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.558609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, and the associated metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for increased disease severity with a variety of infectious agents, including influenza virus. Yet the mechanisms are only partially understood. As the number of people, particularly children, living with obesity continues to rise, it is critical to understand the role of host status on disease pathogenesis. In these studies, we use a novel diet-induced obese ferret model and new tools to demonstrate that like humans, obesity resulted in significant changes to the lung microenvironment leading to increased clinical disease and viral spread to the lower respiratory tract. The decreased antiviral responses also resulted in obese animals shedding higher infectious virus for longer making them more likely to transmit to contacts. These data suggest the obese ferret model may be crucial to understanding obesity's impact on influenza disease severity and community transmission, and a key tool for therapeutic and intervention development for this high-risk population. Teaser A new ferret model and tools to explore obesity's impact on respiratory virus infection, susceptibility, and community transmission.
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40
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Weerawatanakorn M, He S, Chang CH, Koh YC, Yang MJ, Pan MH. High Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Oolong Tea Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33997-34007. [PMID: 37744823 PMCID: PMC10515172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are associated with an increasing risk of developing health conditions and chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal problems, respiratory problems, and mental health, and its prevalence is rising. Diet is one of three primary lifestyle interventions. Many bioactive components in tea especially oolong tea, including flavonoids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and caffeine were reported to show related effects in reducing the risk of obesity. However, the effects of GABA oolong tea extracts (OTEs) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether the intervention of GABA OTEs can prevent HFD-induced obesity and decipher its underlying mechanisms using male C57BL/6 J mice. The result indicated that GABA OTEs reduced leptin expression in epididymal adipose tissue and showed a protective effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It promoted thermogenesis-related protein of uncoupling protein-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), boosted lipid metabolism, and promoted fatty acid oxidation. It also reduced lipogenesis-related protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase and inhibited hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. These data suggest that regular drinking of GABA oolong tea has the potential to reduce the risk of being overweight, preventing obesity development through thermogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sang He
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chang
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ju Yang
- Taiwan
Tea Research and Extension Station, Taoyuan 326011, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
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Tamborena Malheiros R, Escalante Brites G, Gomes Schmitt E, Smolski Dos Santos L, Erminda Schreiner G, Muller de Moura Sarmento S, Gonçalves IL, Duarte da Silva M, Manfredini V. Obesity and its chronic inflammation as pain potentiation factor in rats with osteoarthritis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156284. [PMID: 37418791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity produces the accumulation of adipose tissue and a chronic inflammatory process, while osteoarthritis (OA) is also an inflammatory disorder. OBJECTIVES to evaluate whether obesity associated to OA may be a factor that increases inflammation and pain. METHODS Male animals (M) were divided into groups: control (CM), OA-induced pain (MP), obese (OM) and obese with OA-induced pain (OMP). Similarly, females (F) were divided into groups: control (CF), OA-induced pain (FP), obese (OF) and obese with OA-induced pain (OFP). All the groups except for control and obese groups were submitted to OA induction by sodium monoiodoacetate injection and monitored until day 65. Their adiposity index, thermal, mechanical and spontaneous pain nociceptive profile were investigated. At the end of the experiment (t = 65 days) hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, andcytokines were assessed. RESULTS Rats with obesity induction showed alterations in mechanical and thermal nociceptive profile, and increase in systemic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and leptin) with reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin and IL-10). These profile changes were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA), in which the first two principal components explained near 90% of the data variability. Obesity, when present together with OA in OMP and OFP groups, yielded the highest levels of inflammatory cytokines and pain scores and the lowest levels on anti-inflamatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Obesity modified the nociceptive profile when inflammatory process is produced. When obesity occurs concomitantly with OA, inflammatory progression is intensified, yelding increase in pain scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tamborena Malheiros
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Escalante Brites
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Gomes Schmitt
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Smolski Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Genifer Erminda Schreiner
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Muller de Moura Sarmento
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Faculty of Medicine, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missões, Sete de Setembro Avenue, 1621, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Shoaran M, Behmand MJ, Rahbarghazi R, Mosaddeghi-Heris R, Ahmadi M, Rezaie J. High-fat diet-induced biogenesis of pulmonary exosomes in an experimental rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7589-7595. [PMID: 37528312 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diets (HFD) have recently become a public health concern. We hypothesize that HFD induces exosomes biogenesis in the lung tissue of rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were fed with HFD or a regular chow diet for 3 months. The histopathological changes in lung tissues were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assay exosomes by acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AhCE) activity. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to evaluate Rab27-b, Alix, and IL-1β expression, while the immunohistochemical examination was performed for CD81 expression in lung tissues. In addition, expression of IL-1β was detected by ELISA. We found pathological alterations in the lung tissue of HFD animals. AhCE activity along with the expression level of Rab27-b, Alix, and IL-1β was increased in HFD animals (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that expression of CD81 was increased in lung tissues of HFD animals compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hence, HFD induced exosomes biogenesis and histopathological changes with IL-1β expression in rats' lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shoaran
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Mo J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang M, Sun N, Wang L, Wang M. Intestinal GPDH-1 regulates high glucose diet induced lifespan extension in aged worms. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15845. [PMID: 37663291 PMCID: PMC10474827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A high glucose diet (HGD) is associated with many metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, a HGD increases the oxidative stress resistance of young animals but shortens their lifespan. To investigate the role of HGD feeding on the aging of aged animals, we tested for oxidative stress resistance and changes in lifespan using C. elegans. We showed that a HGD extends the lifespan of aged worms that are dependent on oxidative stress resistance. Furthermore, we measured the lifespan of oxidative stress responding genes of HGD-fed worms. We found that gpdh-1 and col-92 are highly expressed in HGD and paraquat (PQ) treated worms. Further experiments indicated that intestinal gpdh-1 is essential for the HGD induced lifespan extension of aged worms. Our studies provide new insights into understanding the correlation between glucose metabolism, oxidative stress resistance, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Mo
- Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Miaomiao Wang
- Huang He Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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44
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Shehat MG, Miller MH, Calder AN, Gilbertson TA, Tigno-Aranjuez JT. Dietary fat differentially modulates the response of bone marrow-derived macrophages to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists. Innate Immun 2023; 29:122-131. [PMID: 37545346 PMCID: PMC10468623 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231193926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in fat has been linked to the development of obesity and related metabolic complications. Such associations originate from the enhanced, chronic, low-grade inflammation mediated by macrophages in response to translocated bacteria, bacterial products, or dietary constituents such as fatty acids (FAs). Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 2 (NOD2) senses muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of bacterial peptidoglycan. The inability to sense peptidoglycan through NOD2 has been demonstrated to lead to dysbiosis, increased bacterial translocation, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Currently, it is unknown how consumption of HFDs with different FA compositions might influence NOD2-dependent responses. In this study, we subjected WT mice to a control diet or to HFDs comprised of various ratios of unsaturated to saturated fats and determined the macrophage response to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists. A HFD with equal ratios of saturated and unsaturated fats enhanced subsequent responsiveness of macrophages to LPS but not to MDP. However, a high-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD) or a high-saturated fat diet (HSFD) both decreased the responsiveness to NOD2 agonists compared to that observed in control diet (CD) fed mice. These data suggest that dietary fatty acid composition can influence the subsequent macrophage responsiveness to bacterial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Shehat
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Madelyn H. Miller
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N. Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Justine T. Tigno-Aranjuez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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45
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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46
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Wang Q, Wang X. The Effects of a Low Linoleic Acid/α-Linolenic Acid Ratio on Lipid Metabolism and Endogenous Fatty Acid Distribution in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12117. [PMID: 37569494 PMCID: PMC10419107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduced risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome has been observed in individuals with a low intake ratio of linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA). However, the influence of a low ratio of LA/ALA intake on lipid metabolism and endogenous fatty acid distribution in obese patients remains elusive. In this investigation, 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: low-fat diet (LFD) as a control, high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with a low LA/ALA ratio (HFD+H3L6), and high-fat diet with a high LA/ALA ratio (HFD+L3H6) for 16 weeks. Our results show that the HFD+H3L6 diet significantly decreased the liver index of HFD mice by 3.51%, as well as the levels of triacylglycerols (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 15.67% and 10.02%, respectively. Moreover, the HFD+H3L6 diet reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and elevated the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver. The HFD+H3L6 diet also resulted in the downregulation of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c) expression and the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene expression in the liver. The low LA/ALA ratio diet led to a notable increase in the levels of ALA and its downstream derivative docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the erythrocyte, liver, perienteric fat, epididymal fat, perirenal fat, spleen, brain, heart, and gastrocnemius, with a strong positive correlation. Conversely, the accumulation of LA in abdominal fat was more prominent, and a high LA/ALA ratio diet exacerbated the deposition effect of LA. In conclusion, the low LA/ALA ratio not only regulated endogenous fatty acid levels but also upregulated PPAR-α and ACOX1 and downregulated SREBP-1c and FAS gene expression levels, thus maintaining lipid homeostasis. Optimizing dietary fat intake is important in studying lipid nutrition. These research findings emphasize the significance of understanding and optimizing dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Fang J, Celton-Morizur S, Desdouets C. NAFLD-Related HCC: Focus on the Latest Relevant Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3723. [PMID: 37509384 PMCID: PMC10377912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite extensive research, the biological mechanisms underlying HCC's development and progression remain only partially understood. Chronic overeating and/or sedentary-lifestyle-associated obesity, which promote Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), have recently emerged as worrying risk factors for HCC. NAFLD is characterized by excessive hepatocellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) and affects one quarter of the world's population. Steatosis progresses in the more severe inflammatory form, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially leading to HCC. The incidence of NASH is expected to increase by up to 56% over the next 10 years. Better diagnoses and the establishment of effective treatments for NAFLD and HCC will require improvements in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the disease's development. This review describes the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the mechanisms underlying the transition from NAFL/NASH to HCC. We also discuss a selection of appropriate preclinical models of NAFLD for research, from cellular models such as liver-on-a-chip models to in vivo models, focusing particularly on mouse models of dietary NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Celton-Morizur
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
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48
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Knoll M, Honce R, Meliopoulos V, Schultz-Cherry S, Ghedin E, Gresham D. Host obesity impacts genetic variation in influenza A viral populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548715. [PMID: 37503024 PMCID: PMC10369978 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excess adiposity leading to a systemic increase in inflammation and dysregulation of metabolic hormones and immune cell populations. Obesity is well established as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases; however, its consequences for infectious disease are poorly understood. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Host risk factors, including compromised immunity and pre-existing health conditions, can contribute to increased infection susceptibility and disease severity. During viral replication in a host, the negative sense single stranded RNA genome of IAV accumulates genetic diversity that may have important consequences for viral evolution and transmission. Here, we investigated the impact of host obesity on IAV genetic variation using a diet induced obesity ferret model. We infected obese and lean male ferrets with the A/Hong Kong/1073/1999 (H9N2) IAV strain. Using a co-caging study design, we investigated the maintenance, generation, and transmission of intrahost IAV genetic variation by sequencing viral genomic RNA obtained from nasal wash samples over multiple days of infection. We found evidence for an enhanced role of positive selection acting on de novo mutations in obese hosts that led to nonsynonymous changes that rose to high frequency. In addition, we identified numerous cases of recurrent low-frequency mutations throughout the genome that were specific to obese hosts. Despite these obese-specific variants, overall viral genetic diversity did not differ significantly between obese and lean hosts. This is likely due to the high supply rate of de novo variation and common evolutionary adaptations to the ferret host regardless of obesity status, which we show are mediated by variation in the hemagglutinin (HA) and polymerase genes (PB2 and PB1). As with single nucleotide variants, we identified a class of defective viral genomes (DVGs) that were found uniquely in either obese or lean hosts, but overall DVG diversity and dynamics did not differ between the two groups. Our study provides the first insight into the consequences of host obesity on viral genetic diversity and adaptation, suggesting that host factors associated with obesity alter the selective environment experienced by a viral population, thereby impacting the spectrum of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Knoll
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - David Gresham
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University
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49
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Tian C, Li J, Bao Y, Gao L, Song L, Li K, Sun M. Ursolic acid ameliorates obesity of mice fed with high-fat diet via alteration of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183598. [PMID: 37485499 PMCID: PMC10359042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been regarded as one of the major health problems worldwide. Studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA) can significantly ameliorate the progress of obesity. However, whether the effect of UA on obesity depends on the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism is uncertain. To investigate the regulatory role of UA in obese mice from the perspective of intestinal microbiome and metabolomics analyses, an obese mice model was established with a high-fat diet, and the effect of UA on obesity was evaluated. The alterations of gut microbiota and metabolism related to obesity were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis. The results of the gut microbiota analysis showed that UA intervention could shift the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level and increase in the genera of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the beneficial influence of UA on obesity partly depended on amino acid metabolism. The current study demonstrated the roles of UA in the anti-obesity process, which depends in part on alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings highlight the potential therapeutic effect of UA on the improvement of diet-induced obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Tian
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Lixin Song
- Baotou Disease Prevention Control Center, Baotou, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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50
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Zheng P, Ma W, Gu Y, Wu H, Bian Z, Liu N, Yang D, Chen X. High-fat diet causes mitochondrial damage and downregulation of mitofusin-2 and optic atrophy-1 in multiple organs. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:61-76. [PMID: 37534099 PMCID: PMC10390808 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat consumption promotes the development of obesity, which is associated with various chronic illnesses. Mitochondria are the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, maintaining self-stability through a fine-tuned quality-control network. In the present study, we evaluated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics protein expression in multiple organs. C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD or normal diet (ND) for 24 weeks. Compared with ND-fed mice, HFD-fed mice exhibited increased body weight, cardiomyocyte enlargement, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, renal and splenic structural abnormalities. The cellular apoptosis of the heart, liver, and kidney increased. Cellular lipid droplet deposition and mitochondrial deformations were observed. The proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), fission (DRP1), autophagy (LC3 and LC3-II: LC3-I ratio), and mitophagy (PINK1) presented different changes in different organs. The mitochondrial fusion regulators mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) were consistently downregulated in multiple organs, even the spleen. TOMM20 and ATP5A protein were enhanced in the heart, skeletal muscle, and spleen, and attenuated in the kidney. These results indicated that high-fat feeding caused pathological changes in multiple organs, accompanied by mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and MFN2 and OPA1 downregulation. The mitochondrial fusion proteins may become promising targets and/or markers for treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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