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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Alarfaj AA, Liu J. Eupatilin mitigates Gestational diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnant rats through the Regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30911. [PMID: 38818188 PMCID: PMC11137385 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disease that is typically diagnosed in pregnant women. The current study was aimed at disclosing the salutary activities of eupatilin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced GDM in rats. The pregnant rats were induced with GDM and then treated with eupatilin for 20 days. The bodyweight, pup numbers and survival, glucose, and insulin levels were estimated. The levels of biochemical markers, antioxidants, and lipid profiles were measured using kits. The histopathological analysis was done on the pancreas and liver tissues. The eupatilin effectively reduced glucose and boosted insulin levels in the GDM rats. The pup numbers and their survival index were increased by the eupatilin treatment. The lipase, creatinine, AST, ALT, and urea levels were effectively reduced by the eupatilin in the GDM rats. Eupatilin treatment also decreased oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant levels and reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the GDM rats. The cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were effectively decreased, and HDL was elevated by eupatilin. The results of histopathological analysis of both liver and pancreatic tissues also demonstrated the therapeutic properties of eupatilin. In conclusion, the current results prove that eupatilin can be an effective salutary candidate to treat GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Leling, Dezhou City, 253600, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Leling, Dezhou City, 253600, China
| | - Abdullah A. Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hubei Provincia Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
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Ayed L, M’hir S, Nuzzolese D, Di Cagno R, Filannino P. Harnessing the Health and Techno-Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:1538. [PMID: 38790838 PMCID: PMC11120132 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the techno-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) in the food industry, focusing on their potential health benefits. We discuss current findings related to the techno-functionality of LAB, which includes acidification, proteolytic and lipolytic features, and a variety of other biochemical activities. These activities include the production of antimicrobial compounds and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides that improve food safety and consumer sensory experience. LABs are also known for their antioxidant abilities, which help reduce oxidative reactions in foods and improve their functional properties. In addition, LABs' role as probiotics is known for their promising effects on gut health, immune system modulation, cholesterol control, and general wellbeing. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder the effective production and use of probiotic LABs, such as maintaining strain viability during storage and transport as well as ensuring their efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract. Our review identifies these critical barriers and suggests avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ayed
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
| | - Sana M’hir
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, BP 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Domenico Nuzzolese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
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Li YK, Xiao CL, Ren H, Li WR, Guo Z, Luo JQ. Comparison of the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women. Food Funct 2024; 15:3479-3495. [PMID: 38456359 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The optimal probiotic supplementation in pregnant women has not been thoroughly evaluated. By employing a network meta-analysis (NMA) approach, we compared the effectiveness of different probiotic supplementation strategies for pregnant women. Methods: A comprehensive search across multiple databases was performed to identify studies comparing the efficacy of probiotic supplements with each other or the control (placebo) among pregnant women. Results: This NMA, including 32 studies, systematically evaluated 6 probiotic supplement strategies: Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium (LRB), Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium (LABB), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum (LLB), multi-combination of four probiotics (MP1), and multi-combination of six or more probiotics (MP2). Among these strategies, LLB, MP1, and MP2 all contain LABB. The NMA findings showed that MP1 was the most effective in reducing fasting blood sugar (FBS) (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]: 80.5%). In addition, MP2 was the most efficacious in lowering the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SUCRA: 89.1%). LABB was ranked as the most effective in decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (SUCRA: 95.5%), total cholesterol (TC) (SUCRA: 95.5%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SUCRA: 94.8%). Moreover, LLB was ranked as the most effective in raising total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SUCRA: 98.5%). Conclusion: Multi-combination of probiotic strains, especially those strategies containing LABB, may be more effective than a single probiotic strain in glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Chen-Lin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Wen-Ru Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Zhao M, Kuang W, Yang J, Liu Y, Yang M, Chen Y, Zhu H, Yang Y. Cholesterol lowering in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice using Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolases with different substrate specificities. Food Funct 2024; 15:1340-1354. [PMID: 38205623 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering effect of lactic acid bacteria with high activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is unclear. We believe that distinguishing BSH substrate specificity is necessary to study the effect of various BSH enzymes. We engineered a BSH mutant enzyme recombinant strain named F67A, which exclusively hydrolyzes taurocholic acid (TCA) using site-directed mutagenesis, and a previously lab-constructed BSH recombinant strain, YB81 that exclusively hydrolyzes glycocholic acid (GCA). We also constructed the recombinant strain named NB5462, which carries the empty pSIP411 plasmid and was used as a blank control strain. The intestinal flora in pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mice in which intestinal flora were eliminated via antibiotics, and F67A successfully reduced serum cholesterol levels in high-cholesterol diet-fed mice, whereas YB81 did not yield the same results. However, YB81 regained its cholesterol-lowering capacity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with intact intestinal flora. The cholesterol-lowering mechanism of F67A involved modifying the bile acid pool through BSH enzyme activity. This adjustment regulated the expression of intestinal farnesoid X receptor and subsequently elevated hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), effectively reducing cholesterol levels. Conversely, GCA, the substrate of YB81, was found in minimal quantities in mice, preventing it from inducing changes in bile acid pools. In the presence of intestinal flora, the YB81 BSH enzyme induced notable alterations in bile acids by regulating changes in the intestinal flora and BSH within the flora, ultimately resulting in cholesterol reduction. This is the first study investigating the substrate specificity of BSH, demonstrating that different substrate-specific BSH enzymes exhibit cholesterol-lowering properties. Additionally, we elaborate on the mechanism of BSH-mediated enterohepatic axis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Weijia Kuang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huanjing Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Yao Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Fan X, Ling N, Liu C, Liu M, Xu J, Zhang T, Zeng X, Wu Z, Pan D. Screening of an efficient cholesterol-lowering strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 54-1 and investigation of its degradation molecular mechanism. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106698. [PMID: 37980826 PMCID: PMC10696113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient cholesterol-lowering strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 54-1 was screened and its degradation molecular mechanism was investigated. Furthermore, a novel practical MRS medium for screening cholesterol-lowering lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was developed based on ultrasound treatment. L. plantarum 54-1 was found to have the highest ability to eliminate cholesterol (340.69 ± 5.87 µg/mL). According to SEM and the count of viable LAB results, the morphology of LAB in the cholesterol-containing medium developed in this experiment was close to the normal (full and smooth), and it can grow normally. Metabolomics revealed that L. plantarum 54-1 initially converted a portion of cholesterol to 7α-hydroxy-cholesterol and then to the key metabolite taurine, via the phosphotransferase system. These metabolites were further transformed into L-alanine, L-lysine, N6-Acetyl-L-lysine, (R)-b-aminoisobutyric acid, and 2-oxoarginine, through glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, citrate cycle, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, lysine degradation, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Prokaryotic reference transcriptomics found that this may be mainly regulated by the bsh, phnE, ptsP, B0667_RS04545, and B0667_RSRS12300 genes, which was further validated by qPCR. Furthermore, molecular docking results demonstrated that 8 differential metabolites might bind to another portion of cholesterol via PI-PI conjugation and hydrophobic interactions and lower cholesterol via co-sedimentation. This study has strategic implications for developing probiotic powder food that lowers cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Nan Ling
- Nanjing Weigang Dairy Co., Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Anqiu City, Anqiu 262199, China
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China.
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Zikou E, Dovrolis N, Dimosthenopoulos C, Gazouli M, Makrilakis K. The Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Parameters of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4663. [PMID: 37960315 PMCID: PMC10647535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of probiotic supplementation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is controversial. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement (LactoLevureR (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Saccharomyces boulardii)) over 6 months, primarily on glycemic control as well as on lipid levels and alterations in the gut microbiome, among individuals with T2D residing in Greece. A total of 91 adults with T2D (mean age [±SD] 65.12 ± 10.92 years, 62.6% males) were randomized to receive the probiotic supplement or a matching placebo capsule, once daily, for 6 months. Blood chemistries and anthropometric parameters were conducted every 3 months, and stool samples were collected at baseline and at 6 months. Significant reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were observed in participants treated with the probiotic supplement (n = 46) compared to the controls (n = 45), even after adjustment for a greater decrease in adiposity (waist circumference). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity of the gut microbiome (α and β diversity), the administration of probiotics did influence several genera, metabolites, and key enzymes associated with diabetes. Overall, the administration of the multi-strain probiotic LactoLevureR over a 6-month period in individuals with T2D was well-tolerated and had a positive impact on metabolic parameters, alongside improvements in indices of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zikou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.Z.); (C.D.)
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Mahapatro A, Bawna F, Kumar V, Daryagasht AA, Gupta S, Raghuma N, Moghdam SS, Kolla A, Mahapatra SS, Sattari N, Amini-Salehi E, Nayak SS. Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics and synbiotics on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella study on meta-analyses. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:475-486. [PMID: 37739694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The impact of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been studied widely. Previous studies showed gut pathogens' effects on inflammation development in NAFLD patients; hence, hypothetically, gut microbial therapy by administration of probiotics, synbiotics, and prebiotics may alleviate inflammation in these individuals. Several studies were performed in this regard; however, conflicting results were obtained. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of gut microbial therapy on inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients in a meta-umbrella design. METHODS Two independent researchers investigated international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, from inception until March 2023. Meta-analyses evaluating the impact of probiotics, synbiotics, or prebiotics on inflammatory markers of patients with NAFLD were eligible for our study. AMASTAR 2 checklist was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Random effect model was performed for the analysis, and Egger's regression test was conducted to determine publication bias. RESULTS A total number of 12 studies were entered into our analysis. Our findings revealed that gut microbial therapy could significantly reduce serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels among NAFLD patients (ES: -0.58; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.44, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, this reduction was observed with both probiotics (ES: -0.63; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.45, P < 0.001) and synbiotics (ES: -0.49; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.24, P < 0.001). In addition, gut microbial therapy could significantly decrease tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) levels in NAFLD patients (ES: -0.48; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.30, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, this decrease was observed with probiotics (ES: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.11, P = 0.002) and synbiotics (ES: -0.96; 95% CI: -1.32, -0.60, P < 0.001). Not enough information was available for assessing prebiotics' impacts. CONCLUSION The results of this umbrella review suggest that probiotics and synbiotics have promising effects on inflammatory markers, including TNF-a and CRP; however, more research is needed regarding the effects of prebiotics. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42022346998.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fnu Bawna
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Siddharth Gupta
- Baptist Memorial Hospital, North Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nakka Raghuma
- GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Akshita Kolla
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nazila Sattari
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Sandeep S Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, USA
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Hariri Z, Yari Z, Hoseini S, Mehrnami A, Abhari K, Sohrab G. Effects of Synbiotic-Containing Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30) on the Cardiovascular Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study. Clin Ther 2023; 45:e193-e199. [PMID: 37640616 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, fewer studies have addressed the improvement of cardiometabolic status of these patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of synbiotic-containing, spore-forming Bacillus coagulans on cardiometabolic indicators, including lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and atherogenic indexes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS In the present 12-week, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 72 women with polycystic ovaries were randomized to receive either 2 g of synbiotic sachet (n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) plus lifestyle modification. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. FINDINGS Statistical analysis was performed in 60 participants with a mean (SD) age of 28.25 (5.98) years who completed the intervention (synbiotic group [n = 34] and placebo group [n = 26]). A significant mean (SD) decrease in C-reactive protein level was observed in the synbiotic group compared with the placebo group (-0.12 [9.57] v. -0.008 [4.69], P = 0.03). No significant differences in mean changes of lipid profile and atherogenic indexes were seen between the 2 groups. Although the estimated mean changes in atherogenic indexes in the synbiotic group indicates a greater reduction than the placebo group, no significant difference was detected. IMPLICATIONS Our 12-week synbiotic intervention improved the inflammatory status in women with polycystic ovaries without affecting lipid profile or atherogenic indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hariri
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Hoseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mehrnami
- Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abhari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Wu M, Wang Q, Zhang H, Pan Z, Zeng Q, Fang W, Mao J, Li J, Wu H, Qiu Z. Performance and mechanism of co-culture of Monascus purpureus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance lovastatin production and lipid-lowering effects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1411-1426. [PMID: 37688635 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate lipid-lowering effects, a lovastatin-producing microbial co-culture system (LPMCS) was constituted with a novel strain Monascus purpureus R5 in combination with Lacticaseibacillus casei S5 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae J7, which increased lovastatin production by 54.21% compared with the single strain R5. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization indicated lovastatin yield peaked at 7.43 mg/g with a fermentation time of 13.88 d, water content of 50.5%, and inoculum ratio of 10.27%. Meanwhile, lovastatin in LPMCS co-fermentation extracts (LFE) was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cellular experiments demonstrated that LFE exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity to L-02 cells and exhibited excellent biosafety. Most notably, high-dose LFE (100 mg/L) exhibited the highest reduction of lipid accumulation, total cholesterol, and triglycerides simultaneously in oleic acid-induced L-02 cells, which decreased by 71.59%, 38.64%, and 58.85% than untreated cells, respectively. Overall, LPMCS provides a potential approach to upgrade the lipid-lowering activity of Monascus-fermented products with higher health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyong Pan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilu Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Fang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilong Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Nuohe Shengtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Song X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Weng P, Zhang R, Wu Z. Role of intestinal probiotics in the modulation of lipid metabolism: implications for therapeutic treatments. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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12
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AlGeffari MA, Mansour D, Ahmed-Farid O, Mohamed Yousef E, Mohamed SA, Moustafa MMA, Barakat H, Abd El Ghany K. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saussurea costus as Therapeutic Agents against a Diabetic Rat Model-Approaches to Investigate Pharmacophore Modeling of Human IkB Kinase and Molecular Interaction with Dehydrocostus Lactone of Saussurea costus. Metabolites 2023; 13:764. [PMID: 37367922 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria is well-known as a vital strategy to alleviate or prevent diabetes. Similarly, the plant Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch is a preventive power against diabetes. Here, we aimed to determine whether lactic acid bacteria or Saussurea costus is more effective in treating a diabetic rat model in a comparative study manner. An in vivo experiment was conducted to test the therapeutic activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (MW719476.1) and S. costus plants against an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Molecular, biochemical, and histological analyses were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic characteristics of different treatments. The high dose of S. costus revealed the best downregulated expression for the IKBKB, IKBKG, NfkB1, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-17F, IL-1β, TNF-α, TRAF6, and MAPK genes compared to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and the control groups. The downregulation of IKBKB by S. costus could be attributed to dehydrocostus lactone as an active compound with proposed antidiabetic activity. So, we performed another pharmacophore modeling analysis to test the possible interaction between human IkB kinase beta protein and dehydrocostus lactone as an antidiabetic drug. Molecular docking and MD simulation data confirmed the interaction between human IkB kinase beta protein and dehydrocostus lactone as a possible drug. The target genes are important in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus signaling, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling, NF-κB signaling, and IL-17 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the S. costus plant could be a promising source of novel therapeutic agents for treating diabetes and its complications. Dehydrocostus lactone caused the ameliorative effect of S. costus by its interaction with human IkB kinase beta protein. Further, future studies could be conducted to find the clinical efficacy of dehydrocostus lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metab A AlGeffari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Diabetes Center, Medical City, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Attaka, Suez 43511, Egypt
| | - Omar Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, Egyptian Drug Authority, EL-Manial, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Einas Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M A Moustafa
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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13
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Pinjari OF, Jones GH, Vecera CM, Smith K, Barrera A, Machado-Vieira R. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Bipolar Disorder and its Common Comorbidities. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023:101078. [PMID: 37220806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with significant psychosocial and medical disease burden. Much difficulty has been encountered in developing novel therapeutics and objective biomarkers for clinical use in this population. In that regard, gut-microbial homeostasis appears to modulate several key pathways relevant to a variety of psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Microbial impact on immune, endocrine, endocannabinoid, kynurenine, and other pathways are discussed throughout this review. Emphasis is placed on this system's relevance to current pharmacology, diet, and comorbid illness in bipolar disorder. Despite the high level of optimism promoted in many reviews on this topic, substantial obstacles exist before any microbiome-related findings can provide meaningful clinical utility. Beyond a comprehensive overview of pathophysiology, this review hopes to highlight several key areas where progress is needed. As well, novel microbiome-associated suggestions are presented for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Pinjari
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
| | - Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Kacy Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Anita Barrera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
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14
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Hijová E. Benefits of Biotics for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076292. [PMID: 37047262 PMCID: PMC10093891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in many countries, and the better prevention and prediction of these diseases would be of great importance for individuals and society. Nutrition, the gut microbiota, and metabolism have raised much interest in the field of cardiovascular disease research in the search for the main mechanisms that promote cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the interactions between dietary nutrient intake and the gut microbiota-mediated metabolism may provide clinical insight in order to identify individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease progression, as well as other potential therapeutic targets to mitigate the risk of cardiometabolic disease progression. The development of cardiometabolic diseases can be modulated by specific beneficial metabolites derived from bacteria. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the impact of these metabolites on human health and the possibilities of modulating their production with dietary supplements called biotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Hijová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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15
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Xu M, Lan R, Qiao L, Lin X, Hu D, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhou J, Ren Z, Li X, Liu G, Liu L, Xu J. Bacteroides vulgatus Ameliorates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0251722. [PMID: 36625637 PMCID: PMC9927244 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02517-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor and key indicator for cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota is highly associated with hyperlipidemia. Bacteroides vulgatus is a prevalent mutualist across human populations and confers multiple health benefits such as immunoregulation, antiobesity, and coronary artery disease intervention. However, its role in antihyperlipidemia has not been systematically characterized. This study sought to identify the effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 on hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic rats were modeled by feeding them a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 supplementation was evaluated by measuring anthropometric parameters, lipid and inflammation markers, and the liver pathology. Multi-omics was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. The ability of B. vulgatus Bv46 to produce bile salt hydrolase was confirmed by gene annotation and in vitro experiments. Oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 in hyperlipidemic rats significantly reduced the body weight gain, food efficiency, and liver index, improved the serum lipid profile, lowered the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, promoted the loss of fecal bile acids (BAs), and extended the fecal pool of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate. B. vulgatus Bv46 induced compositional shifts of the gut microbial community of hyperlipidemic rats, characterized by a lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes with an increase of genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. After intervention, serum metabolite profiling exhibited an adaptation in amino acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Transcriptomics further detected altered biological processes, including primary bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolic process. Taken together, the findings suggest that B. vulgatus Bv46 could be a promising candidate for interventions against hyperlipidemia. IMPORTANCE As a core microbe of the human gut ecosystem, Bacteroides vulgatus has been linked to multiple aspects of metabolic disorders in a collection of associative studies, which, while indicative, warrants more direct experimental evidence to verify. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated that oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 ameliorated the serum lipid profile and systemic inflammation of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in a microbiome-regulated manner, which appears to be associated with changes of bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, and serum metabolomic profile. This finding supports the causal contribution of B. vulgatus in host metabolism and helps to form the basis of novel therapies for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Khongrum J, Yingthongchai P, Boonyapranai K, Wongtanasarasin W, Aobchecy P, Tateing S, Prachansuwan A, Sitdhipol J, Niwasabutra K, Thaveethaptaikul P, Phapugrangkul P, Chonpathompikunlert P. Safety and Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2593 Supplementation on Improving Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis-Related Parameters in Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:661. [PMID: 36771367 PMCID: PMC9921995 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have the potential as a multi-target approach to modulate hypercholesterolemia associated with premature atherosclerosis. Various strains of Lactobacillus paracasei have been reported to affect hypercholesterolemia positively. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. paracasei TISTR 2593 on lipid profile, cholesterol metabolism, and atherosclerosis according to the registration of Thai Clinical Trial Registry as identification number TCTR 20220917002. A total of 50 participants with hypercholesterolemia were randomly and equally assigned to consume L. paracasei TISTR 2593 or a placebo in maltodextrin capsules daily. Biomarkers of lipid profiles, oxidative stress state, inflammatory state, and other biological indicators were examined on days 0, 45, and 90. The results showed that subjects taking the L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could significantly reduce the level of serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.01). Moreover, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 increased the level of serum apolipoprotein E (p < 0.01) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) significantly. No changes in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, total bile acids, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were observed during L. paracasei TISTR 2593 supplementation. Therefore, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could be an adjuvant probiotic supplement to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and prevent or delay the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurairat Khongrum
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Kongsak Boonyapranai
- Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachira Wongtanasarasin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Aobchecy
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suriya Tateing
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Aree Prachansuwan
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Sitdhipol
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Niwasabutra
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Punnathon Thaveethaptaikul
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsathon Phapugrangkul
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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17
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Luo L, Le Y, Li Y, Yuan F, Wu Y, Xu P. The Beneficial Effects of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplement on Glycaemic Control and Metabolic Profile in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot-Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:829-840. [PMID: 36970073 PMCID: PMC10032215 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s400119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot-study, the effects of a multispecies probiotic supplement on glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) were explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 50 T1DM patients were enrolled and randomly placed into a group receiving capsules containing multi-probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacterium bulagricumi, Streptococcus thermophilus) and insulin (probiotics group, n = 27) or a group receiving a placebo and insulin (placebo group, n = 23). All patients underwent continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. The primary outcomes were determined by comparing factors such as changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between the groups. RESULTS Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced FBG (-1.0 ± 4.7 vs 1.8 ± 4.7 mmol/L, p = 0.048), 30 min postprandial glucose (-0.5 ± 4.6 vs 1.9 ± 3.3 mmol/L, p = 0.0495), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.07 ± 0.45 vs 0.32 ± 0.78 mmol/L, p = 0.0413), compared with the placebo. Although not statistically significant, probiotic supplementation also lowered HbA1c levels by 0.49% (-5.33 mmol/mol, p = 0.310). Besides, no significant difference was observed in the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters between the two groups. Further subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in mean sensor glucose (MSG; -0.75 (-2.11, 0.48) mmol/L vs 1.51 (-0.37, 2.74) mmol/L, p = 0.010) and time above range (TAR; -5.47 (-20.1, 3.04)% vs 18.9 (-1.11, 35.6)%, p = 0.006), as well as an greater improvement in the time in range (TIR; 9.32 (-4.84, 16.6)% vs -19.9 (-31.4, 0.69)%, p = 0.005) in male patients than female patients in the probiotics group. CONCLUSION Multispecies probiotics exerted beneficial effects on fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid profiles in adult T1DM patients, especially for male patients and those with higher baseline FBG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ping Xu, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email
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18
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Elleithy EMM, Bawish BM, Kamel S, Ismael E, Bashir DW, Hamza D, Fahmy KNED. Influence of dietary Bacillus coagulans and/or Bacillus licheniformis-based probiotics on performance, gut health, gene expression, and litter quality of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:38. [PMID: 36640209 PMCID: PMC9840593 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that are potentially important non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to compare novel multi-strain and single-strain Bacillus probiotics and their respective influences on broiler chickens' performance, gut health, litter quality, immune response, and NBN and TLR gene expression. A total of 1200 Arbor-Acres 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into three treatments (T1 was a control, T2 was supplemented with a combined Bacillus coagulans (2 × 109 cfu/g) and Bacillus licheniformis (8 × 109 cfu/g) probiotic strains (0.2 kg/ton of feed), and T3 was supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis (3.2 × 109 cfu/g) probiotic (0.5 kg/ton of feed) with eight replicas of each. Supplementing the broiler diet with either the single-strain (T3) or the multi-strain (T2) Bacillus-based probiotic raised the overall birds' body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and European production efficiency factor compared to the control (T1), with a significant enhancement achieved by the multi-strain Bacillus product (P = 0.005). T2 and T3 exhibited significantly improved cholesterol, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than the control (P ≤ 0.05). The transcript levels of both NBN and TLR genes were upregulated in the liver in the T2 and T3 groups. The T2 group experienced significant reductions in gut bacterial counts, especially for Clostridia, and recorded the lowest litter moisture and nitrogen. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with probiotics of multiple Bacillus strains increased production profitability by promoting bird growth, improving feed intake, enhancing gut mucosa and immune organs, and upregulating genes responsible for immunity. All these inhibit the overgrowth of enteric pathogens and sustain litter quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtihal M M Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Basma M Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Nasr El-Din Fahmy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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19
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Jian Z, Zeng L, Xu T, Sun S, Yan S, Zhao S, Su Z, Ge C, Zhang Y, Jia J, Dou T. The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2915-2930. [PMID: 35882518 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is considered to play an integral role in maintaining health of host by modulating several physiological functions including nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Accumulated data from human and animal studies indicate that intestinal microbes can affect lipid metabolism in host through various direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These mechanisms include the production of various signalling molecules by the intestinal microbiome, which exert a strong effect on lipid metabolism, bile secretion in the liver, reverse transport of cholesterol and energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This review discusses the findings of recent studies suggesting an emerging role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in regulating lipid metabolism and the association of intestinal microbiota with obesity. Additionally, we discuss the controversies and challenges in this research area. However, intestinal micro-organisms are also affected by some external factors, which in turn influence the regulation of microbial lipid metabolism. Therefore, we also discuss the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, diet structure, exercise and other factors on intestinal microbiological changes and lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Jian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Chenggong Department, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Taojie Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchang Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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FXR Signaling-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism Is Critical for Alleviation of Cholesterol Gallstones by Lactobacillus Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0051822. [PMID: 36036629 PMCID: PMC9603329 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00518-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone (CGS) disease is characterized by an imbalance in bile acid (BA) metabolism and is closely associated with gut microbiota disorders. However, the role and mechanism by which probiotics targeting the gut microbiota attenuate cholesterol gallstones are still unknown. In this study, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain CGMCC 17942 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain CGMCC 14407 were individually administered to lithogenic-diet (LD)-fed mice for 8 weeks. Both Lactobacillus strains significantly reduced LD-induced gallstones, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia. These strains modulated BA profiles in the serum and liver, which may be responsible for the activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). At the molecular level, L. reuteri and L. plantarum increased ileal fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and hepatic fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). Subsequently, hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) were inhibited. Moreover, the two strains enhanced BA transport by increasing the levels of hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein homologs 3 and 4 (Mrp3/4), hepatic multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2), and the bile salt export pump (BSEP). In addition, both L. reuteri and L. plantarum reduced LD-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis. L. reuteri increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, while L. plantarum increased that of Akkermansia. The changed gut microbiota was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of cholesterol gallstones and the FXR-antagonistic BAs in the liver and serum and with the FXR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the protective effects of the two strains were abolished by both global and intestine-specific FXR antagonists. These findings suggest that Lactobacillus might relieve CGS through the FXR signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE Cholesterol gallstone (CGS) disease is prevalent worldwide. None of the medical options for prevention and treatment of CGS disease are recommended, and surgical management has a high rate of recurrence. It has been reported that the factors involved in metabolic syndrome are highly connected with CGS formation. While remodeling of dysbiosis of the gut microbiome during improvement of metabolic syndrome has been well studied, less is known about prevention of CGS formation after regulating the gut microbiome. We used the lithogenic diet (LD) to induce an experimental CGS model in C57BL/6J mice to investigate protection against CGS formation by Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain CGMCC 17942 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain CGMCC 14407. We found that these L. reuteri and L. plantarum strains altered the bile acid composition in mice and improved the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. These two Lactobacillus strains prevented CGS formation by fully activating the hepatic and ileal FXR signaling pathways. They could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating CGS or preventing its recurrence.
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21
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Li S, Liu J, Wang Z, Duan F, Jia Z, Chen X, Li S. The promising role of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in energy metabolism biomarkers in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862266. [PMID: 35958869 PMCID: PMC9358257 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with a high prevalence worldwide, seriously harming human health, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. The regulation method of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics can alter the intestinal microbiota and has been suggested as an option in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods Five databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, clinicaltrails.gov, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched initially, and then the eligible studies were screened. Finally, the data of included studieswere extracted, combined and analyzed Results A total of 29 randomized controlled trials involving 2,110 patients were included in this study. The results showed that using probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in the intervention group could reduce the levels of glucose (SMD = −0.23, 95% CI [−0.45, −0.01], P = 0.04), HOMA-IR (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI [−0.63, −0.31], P < 0.00001) and insulin (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI [−0.76, −0.16], P = 0.002) in sugar metabolism; in terms of lipid metabolism, the levels of TC (SMD = −0.62, 95%CI [−0.87, −0.36], P < 0.00001), and LDL-C (SMD = −0.57, 95%CI [−0.85, −0.28], P < 0.00001) were decreased; and the level of ALB was decreased in protein metabolism (SMD = −0.34, 95%CI [−0.61, −0.06], P = 0.02). Conclusions Based on the current evidence, probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics may improve energy metabolism biomarkers in the NAFLD population, but these effects still need to be confirmed by further research. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#aboutpage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangkai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi Jia
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinju Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suling Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suling Li
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Kwok KO, Fries LR, Silva-Zolezzi I, Thakkar SK, Iroz A, Blanchard C. Effects of Probiotic Intervention on Markers of Inflammation and Health Outcomes in Women of Reproductive Age and Their Children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889040. [PMID: 35734372 PMCID: PMC9207510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota has been shown to be modulated during inflammatory conditions. Probiotic administration has been shown to affect the immune system and cytokine expression which can affect inflammation and health outcomes. There seems to be an association between the mother's intestinal microbiota and inflammation biomarkers, both of which may contribute to newborn early life immune and metabolic programming and impact short and long-term health outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to influence metabolic health, immunity, and gastrointestinal health of the mother, and can also have carry-over benefits to infants such as infant allergy risk reduction. Therefore, this review focuses on the evidence of probiotic administration in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy and its impact on inflammatory markers and on maternal and infant health. We performed a PubMed search for articles published in English in the last 20 years. Immune markers were narrowed to serum and breast milk levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β, IgA, and IL-10. Studies that investigated the beneficial effects of interventions in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and infant allergy management are summarized. These results show a beneficial or neutral effect on selected health outcomes and that it is safe for woman and their infants. The effect of probiotics on modulation of inflammatory markers was probiotic specific. More research is needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics on inflammation and how these effects improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Onn Kwok
- Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Alison Iroz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Carine Blanchard
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Papadopoulos PD, Tsigalou C, Valsamaki PN, Konstantinidis TG, Voidarou C, Bezirtzoglou E. The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050948. [PMID: 35625685 PMCID: PMC9139035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The collection of normally non-pathogenic microorganisms that mainly inhabit our gut lumen shapes our health in many ways. Structural and functional perturbations in the gut microbial pool, known as “dysbiosis”, have been proven to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although therapeutic regimes are available to treat this group of diseases, they have long been the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While age, sex, genetics, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are major contributors (World Health Organization, 2018), they cannot explain all of the consequences of CVD. In addition to the abovementioned traditional risk factors, the constant search for novel preventative and curative tools has shed light on the involvement of gut bacteria and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of CVD. In this narrative review, we will discuss the established interconnections between the gut microbiota and CVD, as well as the plausible therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis D. Papadopoulos
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Pipitsa N. Valsamaki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | | | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y57 Are as Effective as Statins at Improving Blood Lipid Profile in High Cholesterol, High-Fat Diet Model in Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081654. [PMID: 35458216 PMCID: PMC9027066 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Some Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering potential have been isolated from artisanal food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from traditional yoghurt (dahi) and yogurt milk (lassi) and investigate the impact of these strains on the blood lipid profile and anti-obesity effect in a high cholesterol high fat diet model in Wistar rats. Eight candidate probiotic strains were chosen based on in vitro probiotic features and cholesterol reduction ability. By 16S rDNA sequencing, these strains were identified as Limosilactibacillus fermentum FM6, L. fermentum FM16, L. fermentum FM12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9, L. fermentum Y55, L. fermentum Y57, L. rhamnosus Y59, and L. fermentum Y63. The safety of these strains was investigated by feeding 2 × 108 CFU/mL in saline water for 28 days in a Wistar rat model. No bacterial translocation or any other adverse effects were observed in animals after administration of strains in water, which indicates the safety of strains. The cholesterol-lowering profile of these probiotics was evaluated in male Wistar rats using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) model. For 30 days, animals were fed probiotic strains in water with 2 × 108 CFU/mL/rat/day, in addition to a high fat, high cholesterol diet. The cholesterol-lowering effects of various probiotic strains were compared to those of statin. All strains showed improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and weight gain. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 9% and 8% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 5% for the statin-treated group. HDL levels significantly improved by 46 and 44% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 46% for the statin-treated group. Compared to the statin-treated group, FM9 and Y57 significantly reduced LDL levels by almost twofold. These findings show that these strains can improve blood lipid profiles as effectively as statins in male Wistar rats. Furthermore, probiotic-fed groups helped weight control in animals on HFCD, indicating the possible anti-obesity potential of these strains. These strains can be used to develop food products and supplements to treat ischemic heart diseases and weight management. Clinical trials, however, are required to validate these findings.
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Novel Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical-Based Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Targeting Atherogenic Small Dense LDL. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040825. [PMID: 35456658 PMCID: PMC9027611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the causative link between increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. For that reason, the principal aim of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is to reach and sustain recommended LDL-C goals. Although there is a considerable body of evidence that shows that lowering LDL-C levels is directly associated with CVD risk reduction, recent data shows that the majority of patients across Europe cannot achieve their LDL-C targets. In attempting to address this matter, a new overarching concept of a lipid-lowering approach, comprising of even more intensive, much earlier and longer intervention to reduce LDL-C level, was recently proposed for high-risk patients. Another important concern is the residual risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite optimal LDL-C reduction, suggesting that novel lipid biomarkers should also be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Among them, small dense LDL particles (sdLDL) seem to have the most significant potential for therapeutic modulation. This paper discusses the potential of traditional and emerging lipid-lowering approaches for cardiovascular prevention by targeting sdLDL particles.
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26
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Gao Y, Chen H, Li J, Ren S, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Xuan R. Alterations of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in gestational diabetes mellitus and clinical significance. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24333. [PMID: 35285096 PMCID: PMC8993618 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The change in the characteristics of the gut microbiota is linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, whether and how the gut microbiota-derived metabolites change in GDM is uncertain. Here, we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiota-derived metabolites and GDM. METHODS Using targeted metabolomics approaches, 7 types of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), 38 types of bile acids (BAs), and 5 types of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and its derivatives of serum samples were obtained from pregnant women with GDM (n = 24), and healthy pregnant controls (HC, n = 28) were detected to identify the metabolic signature of GDM to investigate the potential biomarkers. Moreover, we assessed the associations between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and clinical parameters. RESULTS In our study, the gut microbiota-derived metabolites signatures were significantly different between GDM and HC. Quantitative results showed the levels of isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, GUDCA, THDCA + TUDCA, and LCA-3S were significantly higher in GDM, but the level of TMAO and its derivatives did not change significantly. Some altered gut microbiota-derived metabolites were significantly correlated with glucose and lipid levels. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of generalized linear models showed that gut microbiota-derived metabolites may be potential biomarkers of GDM. CONCLUSION This study highlights gut microbiota-derived metabolites alterations in GDM and correlation of the clinical indicators, which provides a new direction for future studies aiming to novel serum biomarker for early detection or target of drug therapy of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of EducationNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jialin Li
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | | | | | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
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Tjandrawinata RR, Kartawijaya M, Hartanti AW. In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-hypercholesterolemic Effect of Lactobacillus Isolates From Various Sources. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825251. [PMID: 35295304 PMCID: PMC8920493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of 11 Lactobacillus isolates was investigated in vitro by measuring remaining cholesterol in growth media, growth ability in media supplemented with cholesterol, and BSH activity. Among the selected isolates, DLBSH104, DLBSH122, and DLBSK207 have demonstrated outstanding potential as cholesterol-lowering cultures. The three isolates showed high cholesterol removal by growing cells, whereas resting and dead cells showed less cholesterol removal. Furthermore, visualization of those isolates in growing and non-growing states by SEM showed the ability of DLBSH104 to attach cholesterol to their cell surface. In contrast, alteration of DLBSH122 and DLBSK207 cells did not involve surface attachment of cholesterol. Thus, the isolates’ ability to remove cholesterol is mainly attributed to the cells’ metabolically active state that assimilates and incorporates cholesterol into the cell membrane as reflected by a significantly higher cholesterol removal in a growing state than a non-growing state. Only in DLBSH104 did cholesterol removal also involve attachment on the cell surface. Moreover, DLBSH104 has beneficially affected the host cell by a significant reduction of NPC1L1 mRNA levels that are responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption. In hepatic cells, cell-free supernatant (CFS) from DLBSH104 and DLBSK207 were able to reduce LDLR and HMGCR mRNA at the transcription level. To sum up, L. helveticus DLBSH104 and L. plantarum DLBSK207 are confirmed as isolates with an anti-hypercholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata,
| | - Medicia Kartawijaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
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Characterization of two new strains of Lactococcus lactis for their probiotic efficacy over commercial synbiotics consortia. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:903-920. [PMID: 35138631 PMCID: PMC9151986 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus spp. are industrially crucial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to manufacture lactic acid, pickled vegetables, buttermilk, cheese, and many kinds of delicious dairy foods and drinks. In addition to these, they are also being used as probiotics in specific formulations. However, their uses as probiotics are comparatively less than the other LAB genera. The present communication hypothesizes to validate the probiotic potentiality of two new Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains for their future uses. These native food fermenting strains were characterized for in vitro acid tolerance, tolerance to simulated gastric and pancreatic juices, autoaggregation and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, haemolytic activity, bile salt deconjugation, cholesterol removal, antimicrobial spectrum, and antibiotic sensitivity. The in vivo live bacterial feeding of these strains for 30 days was done in Swiss albino mice either singly or in combination with prebiotic inulin and evaluated for hypocholesterolemic activity, immune enhancement, and gut colonization efficiency and compared with the commercial probiotic consortia. The study revealed that the strains could survive in human gut bile concentration, gastric pH conditions at pH 2.0, 3.0, and 8.0 for 6 h, had a broad antibacterial spectrum, and cholesterol binding efficacy. The strains could survive with higher colony-forming units (CFU/mL) when amended with sodium caseinate. The strains had autoaggregation ranges from 15 to 25% over 24 h and had a significant co-aggregation with both lactic acid and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains related to human illness. The strains also showed solvent and media-specific hydrophobicity against n-hexane and xylene. The live bacterial feeding either singly or in combination with prebiotic inulin resulted in a significant reduction of LDL (low-density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), and a significant increase in HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol level, and improved gut colonization and gut immunomodulation. The results prove that these non-haemolytic, non-toxic strains had significant health benefits than the commercial probiotics consortium with the recommended prebiotics mix. Thus, these new Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains could be trialled as a new probiotic combination for human and animal feeds.
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29
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Visioli F, Poli A. Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: The Use of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 270:271-285. [PMID: 31792678 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions are effective and - in theory - easy to implement primary and secondary prevention strategies that reduce several risk factors of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, because of (a) the severe impact of CVD in terms of mortality, morbidity, quality of life, and economy, (b) the proved role of LDL plasma concentrations as the most critical risk factor, and (c) the obstacles found both in terms of biological effects and compliance of the patient by an exclusively dietary intervention, food supplements or nutraceuticals are now valuable resources for physicians. As regards cholesterol control, several preparations are available in the market, and we will critically review them in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Zarezadeh M, Musazadeh V, Faghfouri AH, Roshanravan N, Dehghan P. Probiotics act as a potent intervention in improving lipid profile: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:145-158. [PMID: 34817299 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several meta-analysis studies have revealed improving effects of probiotics on lipid profile, while some studies have reported controversial findings. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on blood lipids. Relevant studies were searched in the international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Library up to August 2021. The pooled results were calculated with the use of a random-effects model to assess the effects of probiotics on blood lipids. Overall, 38 meta-analyses were inclueded in the study. The results indicated that the probiotics supplementation was effective on reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (ES= -0.46 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.30, p < 0.001; I2= 83.8%, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (ES= -0.13 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.04, p = 0.006; I2= 74.7%, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)levels (ES= -0.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.19, p < 0.001; I2= 77.8%, p < 0.001). There was no significant effect of probiotics on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (ES= 0.02 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.08, p = 0.519; I2= 72.5%, p= <0.001). The results of present umbrella meta-analysis strongly support supplementation with probiotics as an influential intervention for improving lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yoon H, Lee Y, Park H, Kang HJ, Ji Y, Holzapfel WH. Lactobacillus johnsonii BFE6154 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:451-459. [PMID: 34647241 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of Lactobacillus johnsonii BFE6154, first isolated from Maasai traditional fermented milk, were previously identified in vitro, but its cholesterol-lowering properties have not been verified yet. In this study, we investigated the effect of L. johnsonii BFE6154 on cholesterol regulation and the mode of action. Stimulation of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells with L. johnsonii BFE6154 downregulated the gene expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) through the activation of liver X receptor (LXR). Also, stimulation of HepG2 cells with the metabolites produced by L. johnsonii BFE6154 revealed an increase in the gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Oral administration of L. johnsonii BFE6154 in mice receiving a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD), reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) in the blood, compared to the control. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice receiving L. johnsonii BFE6154 showed a suppression of cholesterol absorption under the control of NPC1L1 in the intestine. Furthermore, L. johnsonii BFE6154 consumption ameliorated the hepatic cholesterol level and LDLR expression, which was reduced by HFHCD. These molecular modulations led to the increase of cholesterol excretion and the decrease of cholesterol levels in the feces and liver, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that L. johnsonii BFE6154 may protect against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the intestine and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsup Yoon
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Martinsried, Germany
- Hertie Senior Professor Group, Max-Plank-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- , HEM Pharma, 401 Ace Tower 3, 77 Changnyong-daero, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- , HEM Pharma, 401 Ace Tower 3, 77 Changnyong-daero, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea.
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The Role of Gut Microbiota on Cholesterol Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158074. [PMID: 34360839 PMCID: PMC8347163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia plays a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis and is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide especially in developed countries. Current data show that the role of microbiota extends beyond digestion by being implicated in several metabolic and inflammatory processes linked to several diseases including CVD. Studies have reported associations between bacterial metabolites and hypercholesterolemia. However, such associations remain poorly investigated and characterized. In this review, the mechanisms of microbial derived metabolites such as primary and secondary bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) will be explored in the context of cholesterol metabolism. These metabolites play critical roles in maintaining cardiovascular health and if dysregulated can potentially contribute to CVD. They can be modulated via nutritional and pharmacological interventions such as statins, prebiotics, and probiotics. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions also remain unclear, and mechanistic insights into their impact will be provided. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to present current knowledge on potential mechanisms whereby microbial metabolites regulate cholesterol homeostasis and to discuss the feasibility of modulating intestinal microbes and metabolites as a novel therapeutic for hypercholesterolemia.
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Paenibacillus polymyxa (LM31) as a new feed additive: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and its effects on growth, blood biochemistry, and intestinal bacterial populations of growing Japanese quail. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gut Microbiota and Environment in Coronary Artery Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084242. [PMID: 33923612 PMCID: PMC8073779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies evaluated the associations between coronary artery disease (CAD) and fecal gut microbiota composition. This opens new perspectives on therapeutic strategies to prevent CAD representing the leading cause of mortality in Western societies. We have conducted a review of the literature regarding the characteristics of the gut microbiota of CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms and their associations with pollution and the Western diet. The latest evidence confirms that an abnormal microbiota predisposes to the development of CAD and differs in composition compared to the microbiota of healthy patients; the results are, however, heterogeneous. The most studied underlying mechanisms involve the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the immune system activation mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Despite a large amount of available data, there is no evidence about the role of a specific type of gut microbiota in the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Moreover, no relationship has been assessed between the gut microbiota and the characteristics of coronary plaques in humans. However, a close association has been found between both pollution and the Western diet and gut microbiota and CAD. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between gut microbiota, CAD, and ACS to find efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Khalesi S, Ghiasvand R, Mokari Yamchi A. The effect of probiotic fermented milk products on blood lipid concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:997-1015. [PMID: 33612379 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Fermented milk products are suggested as a supplementary therapy to help reduce blood lipid levels. However, the results of clinical studies are conflicting. DATA SYNTHESIS This study systematically reviewed 39 randomized controlled trials (n = 2237 participants) to investigate the effect of probiotic fermented milk products on blood lipids. A meta-analysis was performed using random effects models, with weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistically significant reductions in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -7.34 mg/dL, 95% CI: from -10.04 to -4.65, and P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations (WMD: -8.30 mg/dL, 95% CI: from -11.42 to -5.18, and P < 0.001) were observed. No statistically significant effect of probiotic fermented milk was observed on blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. The effect on TC and LDL-C level was more pronounced in men, and a greater reduction in TAG was observed in trials with longer interventions (≥8 weeks) as compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that probiotic fermented milk products may help to reduce serum TC and LDL-C cholesterol levels, particularly in men and when they are consumed for ≥8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Ziaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saman Khalesi
- Appleton Institute & School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amin Mokari Yamchi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nguyen TPT, Garrahan MA, Nance SA, Seeger CE, Wong C. Assimilation of Cholesterol by Monascus purpureus. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E352. [PMID: 33317087 PMCID: PMC7770578 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus purpureus, a filamentous fungus known for its fermentation of red yeast rice, produces the metabolite monacolin K used in statin drugs to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. In this study, we show that active cultures of M. purpureus CBS 109.07, independent of secondary metabolites, use the mechanism of cholesterol assimilation to lower cholesterol in vitro. We describe collection, extraction, and gas chromatography-flame ionized detection (GC-FID) methods to quantify the levels of cholesterol remaining after incubation of M. purpureus CBS 109.07 with exogenous cholesterol. Our findings demonstrate that active growing M. purpureus CBS 109.07 can assimilate cholesterol, removing 36.38% of cholesterol after 48 h of incubation at 37 °C. The removal of cholesterol by resting or dead M. purpureus CBS 109.07 was not significant, with cholesterol reduction ranging from 2.75-9.27% throughout a 72 h incubation. Cholesterol was also not shown to be catabolized as a carbon source. Resting cultures transferred from buffer to growth media were able to reactivate, and increases in cholesterol assimilation and growth were observed. In growing and resting phases at 24 and 72 h, the production of the mycotoxin citrinin was quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and found to be below the limit of detection. The results indicate that M. purpureus CBS 109.07 can reduce cholesterol content in vitro and may have a potential application in probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P. T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; (M.A.G.); (S.A.N.); (C.E.S.); (C.W.)
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37
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Fortes PM, Teles Filho RV, Azevêdo LHSD, Queiroz VCJ, Costa PSSD. Inflammatory cytokines and lipid profile in children and adolescents with nephrotic syndrome receiving L. Plantarum: a randomized, controlled feasibility trial. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020; 66:1487-1492. [PMID: 33295397 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.11.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the action of the Lactobacillus Plantarum probiotic as a immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic agent in dyslipidemic nephrotic children and adolescents. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in pediatric, compensated or partially compensated nephrotic syndrome and dyslipidemic subjects undergoing regular outpatient follow-up. Serum lipid and TNF-α (proinflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) cytokine variations were evaluated. Cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In the probiotic group there was a tendency to reduce TNF-α levels and increase IL-10 levels when compared to controls. Regarding the lipid profile, there was a decrease in serum triglyceride (6.0 mg / dL) and total cholesterol (41.5 mg / dL) levels in the probiotic group when compared to baseline levels, while in the control group there was an increase in serum triglyceride (49.5 mg / dL) and total cholesterol (8.0 mg / dL) levels, respectively. CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that L. Plantarum showed an immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic effect in nephrotic and dyslipidemic pediatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marques Fortes
- Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Sérgio Sucasas da Costa
- Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, GO, Brasil
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38
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Dias AM, Cordeiro G, Estevinho MM, Veiga R, Figueira L, Reina‐Couto M, Magro F. Gut bacterial microbiome composition and statin intake-A systematic review. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00601. [PMID: 32476298 PMCID: PMC7261966 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has become an important field of interest. Indeed, the microbiome has been associated to numerous drug interactions and it is thought to influence the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments. Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in its therapeutic response. In this context, we aimed to investigate how statins modulate the gut microbiome and, reversely, how can the microbiome influence the course of anti-hypercholesterolemic treatment. We conducted a systematic review by searching four online databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing gut microbiome changes following statin treatment and those assessing statins' response and associating it with patients' microbiome were included. Due to the limited number of results, we decided to include studies enrolling both humans and animals. We summarized information from three human and seven animal studies and aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiome composition on statin response (Outcome 1) and to evaluate the impact of statin treatment on the gut microbiome (Outcome 2). An association between a certain microbiome composition that promoted the lipid-lowering effect of statins was found. However, what kind of microorganisms and how they can exert this effect remains uncertain. Furthermore, statins might have a role in the modulation of the gut microbiome, but then again, it is still unknown whether this change is directly caused by the drug or another metabolic mechanism. Even though gut microbiota may have several potential therapeutic implications, its use as a personalized predictive biomarker requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. Dias
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Maria M. Estevinho
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Rui Veiga
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Luis Figueira
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of OphthalmologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Marta Reina‐Couto
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of GastroenterologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
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Multifarious cholesterol lowering potential of lactic acid bacteria equipped with desired probiotic functional attributes. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:200. [PMID: 32309109 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates possessed functional probiotic attributes, such as high hydrophobicity and autoaggregation ability, coaggregation capability with bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Selected potential probiotic LAB, i.e. Lactobacillus paracasei M3, L. casei M5, L. paracasei M7, and few others were studied for their ability to lower cholesterol using a number of methods viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, cholesterol co-precipitation, cholesterol adhesion to probiotic cell wall, and miceller sequestration of cholesterol. L. casei M5 showed maximum bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and released 57.63 nmol of glycine/min, and was closely followed by LAB isolate M9 which generated 52.12 nmol of glycine/min. Sodium glycocholate was deconjugated by L. casei M5 to produce 27.77 μmol/mL of cholic acid, while other isolates produced 20-26 μmol/mL of cholic acid. Cholesterol was assimilated significantly by isolate M6 (82.15%) and L. casei M5 (76.51%). L. casei M5 showed higher cholesterol co-precipitation ability (50.16 μg/mL) as compared to other LAB isolates (33-44 μg/mL). Miceller cholesterol concentration was reduced maximally by LAB isolate M8 (87.5%), followed by isolates M5 (84.75%), M9 (84%), M10 (80%), and M37 (79%). Higher cell wall adhesion of cholesterol was realized by L. casei M5 (42.48 μg/mL) than other LAB isolates (30-40 μg/mL). Selected LAB probiotics demonstrated short chain fatty acid (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) producing ability, yet another way of probiotics-mediated cholesterol lowering.
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Egea-Zorrilla A, Plaza-Díaz J, Aragón-Vela J, Muñoz-Quezada S, Tercedor-Sánchez L, Abadia-Molina F. The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:605. [PMID: 32110880 PMCID: PMC7146472 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in health and disease is being highlighted by numerous research groups worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, is responsible for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been identified as a remarkable factor to be considered in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we briefly discuss how external factors such as dietary and physical activity habits influence host-microbiota and atherogenesis, the potential mechanisms of the influence of gut microbiota in host blood pressure and the alterations in the prevalence of those bacterial genera affecting vascular tone and the development of hypertension. We will also be examining the microbiota as a therapeutic target in the prevention of CVDs and the beneficial mechanisms of probiotic administration related to cardiovascular risks. All these new insights might lead to novel analysis and CVD therapeutics based on the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
- National Agency for Medicines (ANAMED), Public Health Institute, Santiago 7780050, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Abadia-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Deng Q, Shi H, Luo Y, Liu N, Deng X. Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria Modulate Yolk Components and Cholesterol Metabolism by Hmgr Pathway in Laying Hens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Deng
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - H Shi
- University of Georgia, USA
| | - Y Luo
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - N Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, China
| | - X Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, China
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Liang X, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Lu Y, Li R, Yu Z, Tong L, Gong P, Yi H, Liu T, Zhang L. Probiotics improved hyperlipidemia in mice induced by a high cholesterol diet via downregulating FXR. Food Funct 2020; 11:9903-9911. [PMID: 33094788 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis F1-7 (F1-7) could alleviate hyperlipidemia through LXR/NPC1L1 pathway and FXR/FGF15/CYP7A1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | | | - Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
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Sun Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yan H, Li J, Wan X. Mechanism analysis of improved glucose homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism in high-fat-induced obese mice treated with La-SJLH001 via transcriptomics and culturomics. Food Funct 2019; 10:3556-3566. [PMID: 31157351 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the functional and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus SJLH001 (La-SJLH001) isolated from fermented food via mechanism analysis based on transcriptomics and culturomics. La-SJLH001 exhibited good tolerance to acid and bile salt conditions with anti-diabetic ability and cholesterol assimilation activity in vitro. Supplementation with La-SJLH001 also resulted in a significant reduction in host oral glucose and serum total cholesterol levels in vivo. Transcriptome profiles and qPCR analysis suggested that La-SJLH001 significantly regulated the transcription of key genes involved in glucose transportation, cholesterol metabolism, ion channels, and immune response, resulting in improved glucose homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism. La-SJLH001 significantly affected the structure of intestinal microbiota when analyzed by using culturomics coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. These results indicated that La-SJLH001 may be a mechanistic target for the control of diabetes with great potential in the application of probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 7th Floor of Complex Building, Guanzhuang Campus, USTB, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, China.
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Mishra AK, Kumar SS, Ghosh AR. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 effectively assimilates cholesterol and produces fatty acids including propionate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5322162. [PMID: 30772890 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known for their health-promoting abilities through the production of various metabolites, and also benefits are membrane associated. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 has been previously assessed for its probiotic properties and this study further strengthens that claim. Strain AG5 was inoculated with 0.3% sodium glychocholate (glycine conjugated) and bile salt mixture for different time periods. The percentage assimilation of cholesterol ranged from 14% to 33.1% in the bile salt mixture, but was slightly higher, ranging from 16.55% to 53.1%, in sodium thioglycocholate alone. Similarly, the bile salt hydrolysis activity was measured in terms of cholic acid release at different intervals. The overall range of cholic acid released ranged from 70.4 to 479 µg/mL. Fatty acid production is also an important criterion for a probiotic selection and it was found that the strain produced several long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) such as tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and bis(6-methylheptyl) phthalate. Besides LCFA, AG5 produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as propionic acid, which was estimated comparing liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with standard SCFA. Thus the ability of deconjugation of bile salt and SCFA production is a value-added property of probiotic AG5, with the promise of being beneficial for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shravanthi S Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Guo L, Wang L, Liu F, Li B, Tang Y, Yu S, Zhang D, Huo G. Effect of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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46
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Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB, Druart C, Ruas-Madiedo P, Cani PD, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Delzenne NM. Functional Effects of EPS-Producing Bifidobacterium Administration on Energy Metabolic Alterations of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1809. [PMID: 31440225 PMCID: PMC6693475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. The gut microbiota is considered as a factor involved in the regulation of numerous metabolic pathways by impacting several functions of the host. It has been suggested that probiotics can modulate host gene expression and metabolism, and thereby positively influence host adipose tissue development and obesity related-metabolic disorders. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Bifidobacterium strain on host glucose and lipid metabolism and the gut microbial composition in a short-term diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group that received control standard diet, a group fed a high-fat diet (HF), and a group fed HF supplemented with Bifidobacterium animalis IPLA R1. Fasting serum insulin as well as triglycerides accumulation in the liver were significantly reduced in the group receiving B. animalis IPLA R1. The treatment with the EPS-producing B. animalis IPLA R1 tended to down-regulate the expression of host genes involved in the hepatic synthesis of fatty acids which was concomitant with an upregulation in the expression of genes related with fatty acid oxidation. B. animalis IPLA R1 not only promoted the increase of Bifidobacterium but also the levels of Bacteroides-Prevotella. Our data indicate that the EPS-producing Bifidobacterium IPLA R1 strain may have beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity, by modulating the gut microbiota composition and promoting changes in lipids metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salazar
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Pongpirul K, Janchot K, Dai Y. Single strain probiotics for dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:323-338. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i6.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of non-systematic reviews on the effects or mechanisms of probiotics on improving dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and obesity have been available but inconclusive to determine the independent effects of probiotics on each of the three conditions.
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on potential benefits of probiotics among individuals with fatty liver or obesity or hyperlipidemia.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Adult participants of any gender without major comorbidities who received probiotics were considered following these criteria: (1) Studies on a single genus of probiotics with or without prebiotics; (2) Studies specifying the probiotic dosage into colony-forming units (CFUs); and (3) Studies on food-based probiotics were excluded. The primary outcome measures for fatty liver, obesity, and dyslipidemia were fibrosis score (kPa), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and serum lipid profiles (mg/dL), respectively. The secondary outcome measures for fatty liver and obesity were liver enzymes (U/L) and subcutaneous fat area (cm2).
RESULTS A total of 13 articles, published between 1997 and 2018, fulfilled the selection criteria. Three probiotics were included, of which Lactobacillus was the most commonly studied (10 studies), followed by Bifidobacterium (two studies) and Pediococcus (one study). Probiotics significantly reduced BMI (P = 0.013), total cholesterol (P = 0.011), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.006) while increased high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.028); high heterogeneities were observed. Only Lactobacillus could decrease triglyceride level (P = 0.005) with low heterogeneity. No included studies reported fibrosis score, liver functions, subcutaneous fat outcomes.
CONCLUSION Single probiotics, especially Lactobacillus, have a potentially beneficial effect on improving obesity and dyslipidemia. Evidence on the fatty liver is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Pongpirul
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | | | - Yudi Dai
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sun B, Li L, Zhou X. Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota in distinct statin response patients in East China. J Microbiol 2018; 56:886-892. [PMID: 30484158 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statin response shows great interindividual variations. Recently, emerging studies have shown that gut microbiota is linked to therapeutic responses to drugs, including statins. However, the association between the gut bacteria composition and statin response is still unclear. In this study, gut microbiota of 202 hyperlipidemic patients with statin sensitive (SS) response and statin resistant (SR) response in East China were investigated by high throughput sequencing to compare the gut bacteria composition and biodiversity in distinct statin response patients. Higher biodiversity was detected in Group SS than Group SR. Specifically, group SS showed significantly increased proportion of genera Lactobacillus (P = 0.001), Eubacterium (P = 0.004), Faecalibacterium (P = 0.005), and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.002) and decreased proportion of genus Clostridium (P = 0.001) compared to Group SR. The results indicated that higher gut biodiversity was associated with statin sensitive response. The increased genera Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and decreased genus Clostridium in patient gut microbiota may predict patient's statin response, and hence may guide statin dosage adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Sun
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Luming Li
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Xinfu Zhou
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China.
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Guo CF, Zhang S, Yuan YH, Li JY, Yue TL. Bile Salt Hydrolase and S-Layer Protein are the Key Factors Affecting the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Lactobacillus casei
-Fermented Milk in Hamsters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800728. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 China
| | - Ya-Hong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 China
| | - Tian-Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 China
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