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Douglass MA, Prince MA. The secondhand effects of alcohol use and the risks of drinking to cope. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:2211-2219. [PMID: 35997681 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The secondhand effects of alcohol use (SEA) are adverse consequences caused by another's drinking. This study explored the relationship among the experience of SEAs, alcohol use, and alcohol related consequences (ARC). In addition, we examined whether coping (i.e., adaptive, maladaptive, substance use coping, maladaptive coping without substance use items) served as a moderator of SEA effects on alcohol outcomes. Method: 1,168 students completed a survey assessing SEA, alcohol outcomes, ARC, and coping strategies. Results: SEA was significantly positively associated with alcohol use (RRheavydrinking = 1.05, SE = 0.005, p < .01; RRAUDIT = 1.04, SE = .005, p < .01) as well as ARC (RR = 1.06, SE = .005, p < .01). Various forms of maladaptive coping moderated the relationship between SEA and alcohol outcomes. Conclusion: This study provided evidence for a relationship between SEA and more alcohol use and ARC. This relationship was exacerbated by maladaptive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Douglass
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Webber C, Dover K, Tanuseputro P, Vigod SN, Moineddin R, Clarke A, Isenberg S, Fiedorowicz JG, Jin Y, Gandhi J, Simpson AN, Barker LC, Kendall CE, Myran D. Mental health service use among mothers and other birthing parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:913-922. [PMID: 39191308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents have reported increased symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated changes in mental health and addiction (MHA)-related health service use among mothers and other birthing parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using health administrative data in Ontario, Canada. The population included all mothers and birthing parents (≥1 child aged 1-18, no children <1 to exclude postpartum parents) between January 2016 and December 2021. We compared rates of MHA-related outpatient physician visits, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits during COVID-19 (March 2020-December 2021) to pre-COVID-19 (pre-March 2020). RESULTS MHA-related outpatient visit rates increased by 17 % (rate ratio (RR) 1.17, 95 % CI 1.16-1.18) during COVID-19. Monthly utilization rates remained higher than expected across the COVID-19 period. MHA-related ED visit rates remained lower than expected during COVID-19, while MHA-related hospitalization rates returned to expected levels by August 2020. The largest relative increases in MHA-related outpatient visits during COVID-19 were in mothers and other birthing parents living in higher income (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.19-1.22) or urban areas (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.18-1.21), with children aged 1-3 years (RR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.20-1.25) and with no history of MHA-related health service use (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.19-1.21). LIMITATIONS This study only captured physician-delivered MHA-related health service use. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in MHA-related outpatient visits among mothers and other birthing parents. These findings point to the need for improvements in mental health service access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Webber
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Katie Dover
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tanuseputro
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sarina Isenberg
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmine Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea N Simpson
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy C Barker
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire E Kendall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Myran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Holt T, Helland MS, Larsen L, Gustavson K, Smyth B. Interparental conflict trajectories across various child residence arrangements when parents live apart. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38889917 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In Norway, as in most Western countries, a growing proportion of parents living apart choose shared residence for their children. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of five interparental conflict dimensions across four child residence arrangement groups (and three combination groups) to improve understanding of different conflict trajectories when parents live apart. We used data from the Dynamics of Family Conflict study. Families (N = 1136) were recruited from 37 family counseling centers across Norway. Parents answered questionnaires in three waves: Wave 1 (December 2017 through August 2019); Wave 2 (November 2019 through January 2021); and Wave 3 (April through May 2021). Mixed effects analyses indicated that (a) for all conflict dimensions, there was less conflict and more cooperation over time across all residence arrangements; (b) except for children's involvement in conflict, the conflict dimensions did not develop differently over time between residence arrangements; (c) families with arrangements in which one parent had minority time (1%-14% and 15%-34%) were more likely to report children being involved in their parents' arguments over time than the 35%-49% and 50/50 residence groups; (d) for families with high relational risk pattern, children's involvement in conflict did not decline in either a high (1-34%) or a low degree (35%-49%) of sharing; and (e) families with a violent risk pattern and low degree of sharing (1%-34%) had the steepest decrease in conflict frequency/intensity over time. Even with an average decrease in destructive conflict dimensions over time, the findings point to the need for providing support for parents with complex needs, particularly for parents with a high relational risk pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Holt
- Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Sand Helland
- Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Larsen
- Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruce Smyth
- Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Workie HM, Wahlström J, Svensson J, Låftman SB. Perceived parental alcohol problems and drinking patterns among adolescents in Sweden. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100535. [PMID: 38419748 PMCID: PMC10900252 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Much research into the links between parental problematic alcohol use and adolescent substance use has focused on clinically diagnosed parental alcohol disorders. Few prior studies have utilised validated measures of adolescents' perception of parental alcohol problems and considered the severity of these problems. This study examined the associations between the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems and adolescents' drinking patterns in a Swedish national sample. Methods We used survey information from grade 9 and 11 students (15-18 years) from 2021 (n = 9,227). Perceived parental alcohol problems were measured by the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6). The outcomes were: alcohol consumption during the past 12 months, frequent heavy episodic drinking (HED), and early alcohol debut (before age 14). Sociodemographic characteristics were adjusted for. Results Binary logistic regressions showed that the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems was associated with alcohol consumption during the past 12 months (low severity OR 1.53, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.85, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.52, p < 0.001), HED (low severity OR 1.16, n.s.; moderate severity OR 1.31, n.s.; high severity OR 1.64, p < 0.01), and early alcohol debut (low severity OR 1.57, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.65, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.20, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adolescents with perceived parental alcohol problems are more likely to have risky drinking patterns themselves, and the likelihood becomes higher with increased severity. Effective interventions for children whose parents have drinking problems are important, and should also take the severity of the parents' drinking problem into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Mezgebe Workie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Wahlström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Östgötagatan 90, SE-11664 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ruisniemi A, Itäpuisto M, Kuusisto K. Relational parenthood in addiction recovery. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2024; 41:175-185. [PMID: 38645969 PMCID: PMC11027853 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this research was to elicit how parents attending family-focused substance abuse treatment construct their parenthood in relation to other people. Design: Relational parenthood of addiction treatment attendees is scrutinised from seven thematic interviews carried out in a community-based inpatient substance abuse treatment unit in Finland. The core analytical concept of the research is relationality. The data were first content coded via Atlas.ti22 and the relations and codes classified into the five following parenthood types emerging from the data: (1) worn-out; (2) coping; (3) ambivalent; (4) changing; and (5) supported. Content codes and parenthood types were cross-tabulated to ascertain how these types are emphasised in different relationships. Results: Worn-out and coping parenthood types emerged in the closest relationships, mostly with their own children and the other parent. Ambivalent parenthood was present in all relations as expressions of inner conflict, which can lead to changing parenthood. Changing parenthood emerged in relation to interviewees' own children as an empowering experience. It also emerged in relation to other people as readiness to accept help. Supported parenthood was most often found in relation to significant others and professionals, presumably due to the context of the interviews. Conclusion: The parenthood types illustrate how parenting changes over time, which is also an important part of social identity change in recovering from addiction. In treatment, it is extremely important to understand the different sides of parenthood and to use the information to strengthen clients' parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ruisniemi
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Katja Kuusisto
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Chan J, Ward B, Maher L, Crawford S, Stoové M, Dietze P. Parents who inject drugs: Demographics, care arrangements and correlates for child placement in out-of-home care. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:775-786. [PMID: 38147397 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children in families affected by substance use disorders are at high risk of being placed in out-of-home care (OOHC). We aimed to describe the characteristics of parents who inject drugs and identify correlates associated with child placement in OOHC. METHODS We used baseline data from a community-based cohort of parents who inject drugs (SuperMIX) from Melbourne, Australia. Participants were recruited via convenience, respondent-driven and snowball sampling from April 2008 to November 2020, with follow-up until March 2021. To explore correlates associated with child placement to OOHC, we used multivariable logistic regression and assessed for potential interactions between gender and a range of relevant covariates. RESULTS Of the 1067 participants, 611 (57%) reported being parents. Fifty-six percent of parents reported child protection involvement. Almost half (49%) had children in OOHC. Nearly half of the parents lived in unstable accommodation (44%) and many of them experienced moderate-severe levels of anxiety (48%) and depression (53%). Female or non-binary gender, identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, experiencing assault and having more children were associated with child removal to OOHC. Of the 563 participants who reported their own childhood care status, 135 (24%) reported they had been removed to OOHC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We identified high rates of child placement in OOHC among parents who inject drugs. There is a need for targeted health and social services, that are gender and culturally responsive, in addition to systems-level interventions addressing social inequities, such as housing, to support parents to care for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Ward
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sione Crawford
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Harm Reduction Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Stoové
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Legendre M, Milot T, Rousseau M, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Berthelot N. Beyond abuse and neglect: validation of the childhood interpersonal trauma inventory in a community sample of adults. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358475. [PMID: 38487577 PMCID: PMC10937553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood trauma is not restricted to abuse or neglect and other potentially traumatic experiences need to be pondered in practice and research. The study aimed to collect validity evidence of a new measure of exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic experiences, the Childhood Interpersonal Trauma Inventory (CITI), by evaluating whether the CITI provides important additional information compared to a gold standard measure of childhood trauma. Methods The sample consisted of 2,518 adults who completed the CITI and self-reported measures of trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; Dissociative Experiences Scale). Results First, the sensitivity to properly detect participants having been exposed to childhood maltreatment, as measured by the CTQ (here used as the gold standard), ranged between 64.81% and 88.71%, and the specificity ranged between 68.55% and 89.54%. Second, hierarchical regressions showed that the CITI predicted between 5.6 and 14.0% of the variance in psychiatric symptoms while the CTQ only captured a very small additional part of variance (0.3 to 0.7%). Finally, 25% (n = 407) of CTQ-negative participants screened positive at the CITI. The latter reported higher severity of psychiatric symptoms than participants without trauma, suggesting that the CITI permits the identification of adults exposed to significant traumas that remain undetected using other well-validated measures. Discussion The findings underscore the utility of the CITI for research purposes and the latter's equivalence to a gold standard self-reported questionnaire to predict negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Milot
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Prado-Galbarro FJ, Sanchez-Piedra C, Martínez-Núñez JM. Effect of prevalence of alcohol consumption and tobacco use in Mexican municipalities on early childhood development. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00112422. [PMID: 38088737 PMCID: PMC10715566 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most critical time periods in childhood is from birth to five years of age. Children exposed to alcohol and/or tobacco via family members and neighborhood are at risk for childhood developmental delays. This study evaluated the association of early childhood development with the prevalence of alcohol consumption and tobacco use in Mexican municipalities. This is a cross-sectional study. Early childhood development information from 2,345 children aged from 36 to 59 months was obtained from the 2015 Mexican National Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM). Data on alcohol consumption and tobacco use come from the 2016 Mexican National Survey on Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco Consumption (ENCODAT). Multilevel logistic models were fitted to evaluate the association of the prevalence of alcohol consumption and tobacco use with the inadequacy of early childhood development. Children living in municipalities with high prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR = 13.410; 95%CI: 2.986; 60.240) and tobacco use (OR = 15.080; 95%CI: 2.040; 111.400) were less likely to be developmentally on track regarding early childhood development after adjustment for individual variables related to the child's development and other environmental variables at municipal level. Childhood exposure to alcohol and tobacco in the neighborhood may directly contribute to inadequate early childhood development. These findings suggest that there is an urgent need to develop effective interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and tobacco use in municipalities to ensure adequate early childhood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Piedra
- Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Juan-Manuel Martínez-Núñez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
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Cioffi CC, Browning O'Hagan AM, Halvorson S, DeGarmo DS. A randomized controlled trial to improve fathering among fathers with substance use disorders: Fathering in recovery intervention. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:1303-1314. [PMID: 37695329 PMCID: PMC10840916 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In early recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), fathers may experience a desire to become more active in their role as a parent but may need support in using effective parenting strategies. Parent management training programs may be effective for fathers in recovery from SUD as they have been shown to improve parenting knowledge, self-efficacy, parenting practices, and child behavior, as well as decrease parent substance use. Using the Parent Management Training-Oregon model, we adapted a video-based program for text delivery to fathers in their first year of recovery from SUD, the fathering in recovery (FIR) intervention. In this pilot study, we randomized 41 fathers to control or 6 weeks of video content and three brief coaching calls and assessed outcomes in the parenting, child, and substance domains at baseline, 6-week, and 4-month follow-ups. We found FIR was effective for improving parenting knowledge, fathering efficacy, and in reducing fathers' ineffective parenting. The intervention showed promise for reducing child behavior problems. While larger studies are needed to replicate and build on these FIR findings, our data suggest that FIR holds promise for improving the lives of fathers and their families affected by SUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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van Namen DM, Knapen V, van Staa A, de Vries H, Hilberink SR, Nagelhout GE. Stress and strain: a qualitative study into the impact of having relatives with addiction problems on students' health and daily lives. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2223864. [PMID: 37422698 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2223864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of having relatives with addiction problems on students' health, substance use, social life, and cognitive functioning, and to establish possible contributions of the participants' gender, type of relationship, and type of addiction of the relative(s). METHODS A qualitative, cross-sectional study of semi-structured interviews with thirty students from a University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands who had relatives with addiction problems. RESULTS Nine major themes were identified: (1) violence; (2) death, illness, and accidents of relatives; (3) informal care; (4) perception of addiction; (5) ill health, use of alcohol and illegal drugs; (6) financial problems; (7) pressured social life; (8) affected cognitive functioning, and(9) disclosure. CONCLUSIONS Having relatives with addiction problems severely affected the life and health of participants. Women were more likely to be informal carers, to experience physical violence, and to choose a partner with addiction problems than men. Conversely, men more often struggled with their own substance use. Participants who did not share their experiences reported more severe health complaints. It was impossible to make comparisons based on the type of relationship or type of addiction because participants had more than one relative or addiction in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine M van Namen
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Knapen
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - AnneLoes van Staa
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Hilberink
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- IVO Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
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van Namen DM, Hilberink SR, de Vries H, Nagelhout GE, van Staa A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students with relatives with addiction problems: A longitudinal qualitative study. Stress Health 2023; 39:1093-1105. [PMID: 37078258 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Addiction problems impact not only the persons with these problems but also family members. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, strain on health, study experiences, coping strategies, and access to support of students with relatives with addiction problems. Thirty students, aged 18-30 years, from a University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands participated in a three-year qualitative longitudinal interview study. One round of individual semi-structured interviews was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, and three during the COVID-19 pandemic. Directed Content Analysis was applied, using the Stress-Strain-Information-Coping-Support-model. Four major themes were identified: (1) Increase in stress and strain; (2) Decrease in stress and strain; (3) Coping strategies, and (4) Access to social, professional, and educational support. Before the pandemic, most participants had health problems, especially mental health problems, including problems with their own substance use. Some had study delay. Analysis revealed that during the pandemic, most participants experienced an increase in these problems. This appeared to be related to their living situation: An increase in violence and relapse of relatives increased stress, especially for those living with their relatives. The coping strategies 'standing up' or 'putting up', and a decrease in support-social, professional, and educational-also contributed to stress. A few participants experienced less health problems and study problems. This was related to diminishing addiction problems of relatives, less social pressure, available help, and the coping strategy 'withdrawing'. Withdrawing was much easier for participants who did not live with their relatives with addiction problems. It is recommended to keep schools and universities open during pandemics, offering a safe haven for students at risk in the home situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine M van Namen
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Hilberink
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- IVO Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - AnneLoes van Staa
- Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Gautam N, Dessie G, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228632. [PMID: 37915814 PMCID: PMC10616829 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behaviors is not yet fully understood. This literature review, therefore, aims to assess the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines were used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search published articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appeal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibility criteria such as study context, study participants, study setting, outcome measures, and key findings were used to identify relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Out of 2,391 studies, only 46 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this study. Our review found that children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status face an elevated risk of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., early initiation of smoking, high-energy-dense food, low physical activity, and involvement in drug abuse), in contrast to their counterparts. Conversely, children and adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit a higher prevalence of health-promoting behaviors, such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, dairy products, regular breakfast, adherence to a nutritious diet, and engagement in an active lifestyle. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of implementing specific intervention measures aimed at providing assistance to families from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to mitigate the substantial disparities in health behavior outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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13
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Frederiksen KS, Hesse M, Pedersen MU. Problematic parental substance use, childhood family structures and adverse outcomes in young adulthood. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2023; 40:502-519. [PMID: 37969903 PMCID: PMC10634387 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221143177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between childhood family structures, including the presence or absence of problematic parental substance use (PPSU), and adverse outcomes during adolescence/young adulthood. Methods: The study population included 9,770 young people (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark during 2014-2015. By combining surveys with national register data, five types of childhood family structures were constructed based on whether the child experienced PPSU and/or family separation and the number of years the child lived with a parent with substance use problems. Using binary logistic regression models, the relationships between family structure and adverse outcomes in young adulthood (i.e., hospital admissions, mental disorders and criminality) were investigated. Results: Young people who experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents had higher odds of the different long-term adverse outcomes compared with young people who did not experience PPSU, and similar odds of the outcomes compared to youth who had not experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents. The highest odds of adverse outcomes were found among young people who experienced PPSU and lived with the parent with substance use problems for less than five years. Conclusions: Living with both parents protected against adverse outcomes in young adulthood, and if PPSU was present, the odds of adverse outcomes increased. The hypothesis that there would be a positive association between years living with a parent with substance use problems and adverse outcomes in young adulthood was not supported. Awareness should be raised in health service, educational and legal institutions about the risk for young people from families with PPSU who do not live with both parents.
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14
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Lee MS, Bhang SY. Attention, Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Mediated Differently on Internet Gaming Disorder Among Children and Adolescents With a Family History of Addiction as an Adverse Childhood Experience. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e221. [PMID: 37431544 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the factors associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the mediating role of pediatric symptoms (attention, externalizing problems and internalizing problems) in children and adolescents with a family history of addiction as an adverse childhood experience (ACE). METHODS A total of 2,586 children and adolescents (mean age = 14.04 ± 2.34; age range = 11-19 years; 50.5% boys) completed the Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used to calculate descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients and to conduct multiple regression analyses. Mediation analysis was performed using the Sobel test and the SPSS PROCESS macro. Serial multiple mediation analysis was performed using bootstrapping with 5,000 replications. RESULTS The higher levels of Attention problems (β = -0.228, P < 0.001) and externalizing problems (β = -0.213, P < 0.001) were associated with IGD. Furthermore, the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediators was significant (Sobel's T: Z = -5.006, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that attention and externalizing problems mediate the effect of family history of addiction on IGD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the associations among the family history of addiction, IGD, and pediatric symptoms (attention, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems) among Korean children and adolescents. Therefore, we need to pay attention to pediatric symptoms and develop systematic alternatives to improve mental health among Korean children and adolescents with a family history of addiction as ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Miller SE, Maggs JL, Eiden RD, Almeida DM. Familial Predictors of Alcohol and Drug Use-Related Problems Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:1838-1858. [PMID: 37483651 PMCID: PMC10361669 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211064877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether recent family member alcohol and substance use problems (ASP) and density of family ASP (i.e., number of members with ASP) predict alcohol-related problems and drug use-related problems among middle-aged and older adults. Data were drawn from participants (age 42-93 years, n=2,168) in the longitudinal Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS). Poisson regression models revealed that adults' alcohol- and drug use-related problems were predicted by similar problems among family members. In particular, parent and partner ASP, but not child ASP, predicted alcohol-related problems in the middle-aged and combined samples, while only partner ASP predicted participants' drug use-related problems. In addition, density of family ASP predicted alcohol-related problems, but not drug use-related problems. There were no gender interactions. Study findings highlight that understanding how adult children, spouses, and aging parents impact each other's substance use should be a priority of future aging and family research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
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16
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De la Vega-Taboada E, Rodriguez AL, Barton A, Stephens DP, Cano M, Eaton A, Frazier S, Rodriguez A, Cortecero A. Colombian Adolescents’ Perceptions of Violence and Opportunities for Safe Spaces Across Community Settings. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584231164643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
During adolescence, access to safe environments is critical for healthy development. This study analyzed adolescents’ perceptions of safety in personal and public spaces in the semi-rural community of Santa Ana, Colombia on the Island of Barú (95.8% of inhabitants live in poverty). We used thematic analysis to explore adolescents’ experiences and reflections to identify the factors influencing their perception of safety across different community spaces. Four gender-segregated focus group discussions were held with 40 adolescents (20 male and 20 female) from ages 13 to 17 ( M = 14.4, SD = 1.2). Most of them self-identified as Black (86%). The more recurrent spaces in the adolescents’ conversations were the streets, the school, the local sports field, individual homes, and commercial sound system parties known as “Picos.” Adolescents perceived the school as the safest space, while the “Picos” were the most unsafe. The other spaces were considered mixed, meaning that their perceived safety shifts and depends on the presence of certain factors. These factors were risky behaviors, group affiliation, designated authority roles and the relevance of time. The authors discuss the importance of addressing the factors that inform adolescents’ safety perception, particularly within low resource settings cross-culturally.
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17
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Anderson AS, Siciliano RE, Pillai A, Jiang W, Compas BE. Parental drug use disorders and youth psychopathology: Meta-analytic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109793. [PMID: 36758372 PMCID: PMC10015502 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parental drug use disorders (PDUDs) represent a highly prevalent risk factor for youth's development of psychological and substance misuse. However, most research on associations between parental substance use and child mental health focuses on composites of parental drug, alcohol, and tobacco use. PDUDs are associated with a range of legal, health, and environmental risks that make them substantially distinct from tobacco and alcohol misuse, yet associations between PDUDs and youth psychopathology symptoms have yet to be assessed quantitatively using meta-analytic techniques. Accordingly, the present meta-analysis assessed the association between PDUDs and youth's internalizing, externalizing, substance use, and total psychological problems across 30 studies (N = 8433). Meta-analytic findings showed that PDUDs were associated with greater substance use and total psychological problems in youth. Across studies, PDUDs were not associated with broad dimensions of youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms but demonstrated a positive relation with youth ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms. There were significant moderation effects for study quality, symptom informant, and child age, where the association between PDUDs and child symptoms of psychopathology was stronger for older youth, in higher quality studies, and studies using joint parent-child symptom informants. Taken together, the meta-analytic findings suggest that PDUDs present a significant risk factor for youth. Future research targeting the relation between parental drug use and youth psychopathology is warranted for prevention and intervention efforts. Implication of findings, mechanisms of interest, and an agenda for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra S Anderson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Rachel E Siciliano
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arnav Pillai
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wenyi Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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McGovern R, Bogowicz P, Meader N, Kaner E, Alderson H, Craig D, Geijer-Simpson E, Jackson K, Muir C, Salonen D, Smart D, Newham JJ. The association between maternal and paternal substance use and child substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2023; 118:804-818. [PMID: 36607011 DOI: 10.1111/add.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is substantial evidence showing an association between parental substance use and child substance use and/or mental health problems. Most research focuses upon maternal substance use, with the influence of paternal substance use often being overlooked. We aimed to investigate the differential effects of maternal and paternal substance use upon children aged 0-18 years. METHODS We used systematic review methods to identify observational studies examining the association between either maternal or paternal substance use and child substance use and/or mental health problems. The odds ratio (OR) effect measure was used, for ease of computation. We used a random-effects model with the inverse variance method to meta-analyse the findings from eligible studies. RESULTS We included 17 unique studies with a total of 47 374 child participants. Maternal and paternal substance use were both associated with increased odds of child any drug use [OR = 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53, 2.86; n = 12 349 participants; three studies and OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.25, 6.54; n = 5692 participants; three studies, respectively], child alcohol problem use (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.73, 2.71; n = 7339 participants; four studies and OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.36, 2.12; n = 14 219 participants; six studies), child externalizing problems (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.01, 3.22; n = 1748 participants; three studies and OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.17; n = 2508 participants; six studies) and child internalizing problems (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.06; n = 1748 participants; three studies and OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.81; n = 2248 participants; five studies). Child any alcohol use was associated with maternal substance use only (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.08, 4.70; n = 28 691 participants; five studies). CONCLUSIONS Both maternal and paternal substance use are associated with child substance use and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Bogowicz
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick Meader
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hayley Alderson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Geijer-Simpson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katherine Jackson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cassey Muir
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Domna Salonen
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Deborah Smart
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James J Newham
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Lowe P, Rowlands S. Long-acting reversible contraception: Targeting those judged to be unfit for parenthood in the United States and the United Kingdom. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3773-3784. [PMID: 35239450 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2048408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of regarding marginalised groups as unfit to parent and of eugenic policies targeting those with 'undesirable' bodily conditions or behaviours. This is part of a broader pattern of stratified reproduction - structural conditions that enable or discourage certain groups from reproducing - that often brings about and exacerbates injustices. This paper critically assesses the US and UK social and medical literature on applying pressure to marginalised groups, or those who have behaved 'irresponsibly', to use long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Targeting young people for LARC fails to recognise that social inequality is the context for teenage pregnancy, not the result of it. Provider pressure on women of colour to use LARC is linked to institutional racism, whilst policy for those with physical and intellectual disabilities is shaped by disability discrimination. Other groups to be targeted include so-called 'welfare mothers', substance users, those who have had children put into care and offenders. Particularly controversial are cases in which LARC has been ordered by courts. LARC policy incorporating these kind of discriminatory practices needs to stop; future policy should focus on person-centred care that bolsters reproductive justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Lowe
- Department of Sociology and Policy, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam Rowlands
- Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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20
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Knaus ME, Pendola G, Srinivas S, Wood RJ, Halaweish I. Social determinants of health and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2022:S0022-3468(22)00632-7. [PMID: 36371352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD). The objective of this study was to examine the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) with HAEC. METHODS A review of patients who underwent primary pull through for HD at our institution from 2014 to 2021 was performed. Clinical, surgical, and SDOH data were collected. HAEC was defined by an international scoring system. Categorical variables were analyzed via Fisher's exact tests and continuous variables with Mood's median tests. RESULTS One hundred patients were identified with 29 patients (29%) having at least one episode of HAEC during a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR: 11.7-55.7). Children who utilized public transportation for clinic visits, had one or more missed appointments, had any reported safety concerns, were involved with Child Protective Services, had parents/guardians who were not married, lived with people other than their immediate family, or had mothers who reported drug use or lack of prenatal care were found to have a higher likelihood of developing HAEC (p<0.04 for all). Age at HD diagnosis, age at pull through, operative approach, length of aganglionic colon, and Trisomy 21 were not significant predictors of HAEC. CONCLUSIONS In our series of 100 patients undergoing primary pull through, there was a significant correlation of HAEC with several social determinants of health elements while anatomical and clinical factors were not associated with HAEC. Attention to social determinants of health and identifying high-risk patients may serve to prevent morbidity and mortality from HAEC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Knaus
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Gabriella Pendola
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Shruthi Srinivas
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ihab Halaweish
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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21
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Lowthian E. The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children's Educational Outcomes: A Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:511-522. [PMID: 35958702 PMCID: PMC9360289 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parental substance use, that is alcohol and illicit drugs, can have a deleterious impact on child health and wellbeing. An area that can be affected by parental substance use is the educational outcomes of children. Current reviews of the literature in the field of parental substance use and children's educational outcomes have only identified a small number of studies, and most focus on children's educational attainment. To grasp the available literature, the method from Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was used to identify literature. Studies were included if they were empirical, after 1950, and focused on children's school or educational outcomes. From this, 51 empirical studies were identified which examined the relationship between parental alcohol and illicit drug use on children's educational outcomes. Five main themes emerged which included attainment, behavior and adjustment, attendance, school enjoyment and satisfaction, academic self-concept, along with other miscellaneous outcomes. This paper highlights the main findings of the studies, the gaps in the current literature, and the challenges presented. Recommendations are made for further research and interventions in the areas of parental substance use and child educational outcomes specifically, but also for broader areas of adversity and child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD Wales, UK
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK
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22
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Rantanen H, Nieminen I, Kaunonen M, Jouet E, Zabłocka-Żytka L, Viganò G, Crocamo C, Schecke H, Zlatkute G, Paavilainen E. Family Needs Checklist: Development of a Mobile Application for Parents with Children to Assess the Risk for Child Maltreatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169810. [PMID: 36011439 PMCID: PMC9408053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) has been enormously studied. However, a preventive practice still requires comprehensive and effective instruments to assess the risks for CM in a family context. The aim of this study is to describe the development process of an evidence-based CM risk assessment instrument (Family Needs Checklist, FNC) for primary prevention online utilization. This article reports the development process of the checklist and its mobile application, consisting of a systematic literature review, identification of known risk factors using the content analysis method, and generation of the checklist, including a multidisciplinary group in the design and feedback. As a result, a comprehensive and compact checklist was developed to be used by parents or caregivers as a self-referral instrument with an option to be used with professionals as a basis for joint conversations. The FNC consists of parental, family-, and child-related risk factors. Based on the international evidence, the online application consists of knowledge about different CM types, information about risk factors and protective factors as well as recommendations and guidance to support services. The FNC is based on robust evidence on known risk factors causing CM in families. It can be used for primary prevention utilization in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Rantanen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Irja Nieminen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Kuntokatu 3, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmanuelle Jouet
- Mental Health and Social Sciences Research Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire, Psychiatrie & Neurosciences (GHU-PARIS), 258 Rue Marcaret, Bât N, 2ème étage, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Lidia Zabłocka-Żytka
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Giovanni Viganò
- Synergia s.r.l., Via Molino delle Armi 19, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Biocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Henrike Schecke
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addictive Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchocstrasse 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Giedre Zlatkute
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, N Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Eija Paavilainen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Etelä-Pohjanmaa Hospital District, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (E.P.)
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Students with and Without Relatives with Problematic Substance Use: Do They Differ in Health, Substance Use and Study Success? Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study is (1) to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of students with relatives with problematic substance use and to examine differences between students with and without relatives with problematic substance use in (2) health, (3) substance use and (4) study success. We analyzed these differences in bivariate analyses between 881 (15.6%) students in a Dutch university population with relatives with problematic substance use (referred to as Affected Family Members (AFMs) and 4,781 students without such relatives. AFMs reported poorer health and used more substances, especially cannabis, than did non-AFM students and drank more often alone than did their peers. AFMs had more frequently study delay and missed class more often because of drug use. AFMs with more than one relative with problematic substance use had poorer health than AFMs with only one relative. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Health and educational professionals should provide support to deal with difficult life circumstances, for example, trauma-informed care programs.
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Family Structure, Unstructured Socializing, and Heavy Substance Use among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148818. [PMID: 35886673 PMCID: PMC9317110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psychoactive substance use is a transient behavior among many adolescents and diminishes as they mature, but some engage in heavy forms of substance use, which increases their risk of health and behavioral challenges. A consistent predictor of substance use among youth is family structure, with adolescents living in single-parent, stepparent, or no-parent families at higher risk than others of several forms of substance use. The objective of this research was to investigate whether unstructured socializing mediated the association between family structure and heavy alcohol or substance use. Methods: Data from 30 nations (n = 65,737) were used to test the hypothesis using a generalized structural equation model and tests of mediation. Results: The analysis furnished clear support for a mediation effect among adolescents living with a single parent but less support among those living with a stepparent or neither parent. Conclusion: The association between living in a single-parent household and heavy alcohol or other substance use was mediated largely by time spent outside the home with friends in unsupervised activities. Additional research that uses longitudinal data and more nuanced measures of family structure is needed to validate this finding.
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Yoo PY, Duncan GJ, Magnuson K, Fox NA, Yoshikawa H, Halpern-Meekin S, Noble KG. Unconditional cash transfers and maternal substance use: findings from a randomized control trial of low-income mothers with infants in the U.S. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:897. [PMID: 35513842 PMCID: PMC9070980 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policy debates over anti-poverty programs are often marked by pernicious stereotypes suggesting that direct cash transfers to people residing in poverty encourage health-risking behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and other substance use. Causal evidence on this issue is limited in the U.S. Given the prominent role of child allowances and other forms of cash assistance in the 2021 American Rescue Plan and proposed Build Back Better legislation, evidence on the extent to which a monthly unconditional cash gift changes substance use patterns among low-income mothers with infants warrants attention, particularly in the context of economic supports that can help improve early environments of children. METHOD We employ a multi-site, parallel-group, randomized control trial in which 1,000 low-income mothers in the U.S. with newborns were recruited from hospitals shortly after the infant's birth and randomly assigned to receive either a substantial ($333) or a nominal ($20) monthly cash gift during the early years of the infant's life. We estimate the effect of the unconditional cash transfer on self-report measures of maternal substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarette, or opioid use) and household expenditures on alcohol and cigarettes after one year of cash gifts. RESULTS The cash gift difference of $313 per month had small and statistically nonsignificant impacts on group differences in maternal reports of substance use and household expenditures on alcohol or cigarettes. Effect sizes ranged between - 0.067 standard deviations and + 0.072 standard deviations. The estimated share of the $313 group difference spent on alcohol and tobacco was less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS Our randomized control trial of monthly cash gifts to mothers with newborn infants finds that a cash gift difference of $313 per month did not significantly change maternal use of alcohol, cigarettes, or opioids or household expenditures on alcohol or cigarettes. Although the structure of our cash gifts differs somewhat from that of a government-provided child allowance, our null effect findings suggest that unconditional cash transfers aimed at families living in poverty are unlikely to induce large changes in substance use and expenditures by recipients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on Clinical Trials.gov NCT03593356 in July of 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y. Yoo
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, 401 E. Peltason Drive, Suite 3200, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Greg J. Duncan
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, 401 E. Peltason Drive, Suite 3200, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Katherine Magnuson
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, 3119 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Hirokazu Yoshikawa
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 82 Washington Square E, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Sarah Halpern-Meekin
- School of Human Ecology & La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Kimberly G. Noble
- Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027 USA
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Boyle MA, Alliegro MC, Bolts OL, Hazen MN, Prince MA. You're Stressing Me Out: The Secondhand Effects of Alcohol. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:490-493. [PMID: 34913827 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Secondhand effects of alcohol use (SEA) are adverse consequences experienced by an individual due to another's drinking (i.e., study/sleep interrupted, being insulted or humiliation, sexual assault or rape). SEA is a serious public health concern among college students due to its serious consequences and high prevalence (60-84%). The present study examined the associations among SEA, personal alcohol use, depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: 836 students completed an online survey that assessed for study variables. Results: SEA significantly predicted all outcomes with those endorsing SEA reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, participants who endorsed SEA also reported 30% more frequent binge drinking and 18% more drinks on their heaviest reported drinking day. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the experience of SEA is a risk factor for poor mental and behavioral health outcomes among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marissa C Alliegro
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Olivia L Bolts
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marguerite N Hazen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Gandhi KD, Romanowicz M, Croarkin PE, Thapa P, Limbeck M, Desai J, Benarroch AJM, Shekunov J. Childhood psychiatric outcomes in the context of suspected neglect and abuse reports related and unrelated to parental substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105344. [PMID: 34600277 PMCID: PMC8612970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is prevalent in the United States and carries long-term consequences. Parental substance use may have associations with child maltreatment. It is unclear whether co-occurring parental substance use aggravates childhood psychiatric outcomes related to suspected maltreatment. OBJECTIVE To compare psychiatric and healthcare utilization outcomes in children with suspected abuse reports, with and without documented parental substance use. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study (n = 2831) of children with suspected abuse/neglect (SANC) reports filed in the electronic health record between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2016. Children who had SANC reports referencing parental substance use (n = 458) were compared with those who had SANC reports that did not reference substance use (n = 2346). METHODS Outcome data included ICD-10 coded medical and psychiatric diagnoses and healthcare utilization. RESULTS Compared to children who had a SANC report filed without parental substance use, children with parental substance use in a SANC showed significantly lower age-adjusted odds of anxiety disorder, mood disorder and externalizing disorder, and higher odds of a substance use disorder diagnosis. They were also less likely to present to an emergency department visit for any reason in the year prior to the report. CONCLUSIONS Children with exposure to parental substance use in a household where parental abuse or neglect was suspected had lower odds of adverse psychiatric outcomes as compared to children with suspected report of abuse or neglect unrelated to parental substance use. The present findings highlight the complex interplay of psychosocial factors associated with outcomes of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti D Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Children's, National Takoma Theatre, 6833 4th Street NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Prabin Thapa
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mara Limbeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of Minnesota, 105 Peters Hall, 1404 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jinal Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, 1919 Elm St N, Fargo, ND 58102-2416, USA
| | - Amanda J M Benarroch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julia Shekunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Shin SH, Bouchard LM, Montemayor B. An Exploration of Practitioners' Perceptions and Beliefs About Trauma-Informed Youth Drug Prevention Programs: a Qualitative Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:636-647. [PMID: 34714501 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction, have been linked to adolescent substance use. As a result, there exists a pressing need for trauma-informed, substance use preventive intervention for adolescents with a history of ACEs. The primary aim of this qualitative study is to increase our understanding of practitioners' perceptions of substance use among ACE-exposed youth and their views on trauma-informed adolescent substance use prevention programs. The present study conducted six focus groups (N = 32) among current child and adolescent health and human service providers in a mid-Atlantic urban area. The focus groups explored the practitioners' views on the main reasons that youth with a history of ACEs use illicit substances and suggestions on components, constructs, or techniques of trauma-informed substance use prevention programs and perceived barriers in implementing such programs. Transcripts of the focus groups were analyzed using open coding and subsequent axial coding, which was followed by thematic analysis. Thematic analysis identified ten themes within three categories, including the etiology of substance use among ACE-exposed youth, barriers to preventing substance use among ACEs-exposed youth, and suggested program components for trauma-informed prevention programs. These findings provide support for developing a preventive intervention that addresses trauma symptoms and overall skill buildings to prevent substance use among ACE-exposed youth. Teaching skills to cope with trauma symptoms, enhancing knowledge about the signs and symptoms of trauma, and improving key social and emotional learning competencies might be important and effective strategies to curb substance use among ACE-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Leah M Bouchard
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Lowthian E, Anthony R, Evans A, Daniel R, Long S, Bandyopadhyay A, John A, Bellis MA, Paranjothy S. Adverse childhood experiences and child mental health: an electronic birth cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:172. [PMID: 34353320 PMCID: PMC8344166 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negatively associated with a range of child health outcomes. In this study, we explored associations between five individual ACEs and child mental health diagnoses or symptoms. ACEs included living with someone who had an alcohol-related problem, common mental health disorder or serious mental illness, or experienced victimisation or death of a household member. METHODS We analysed data from a population-level electronic cohort of children in Wales, UK, (N = 191,035) between the years of 1998 and 2012. We used Cox regression with discrete time-varying exposure variables to model time to child mental health diagnosis during the first 15 years of life. Child mental health diagnoses include five categories: (i) externalising symptoms (anti-social behaviour), (ii) internalising symptoms (stress, anxiety, depression), (iii) developmental delay (e.g. learning disability), (iv) other (e.g. eating disorder, personality disorders), and (v) any mental health diagnosis, which was created by combining externalising symptoms, internalising symptoms and other. Our analyses were adjusted for social deprivation and perinatal risk factors. RESULTS There were strong univariable associations between the five individual ACEs, sociodemographic and perinatal factors (e.g. gestational weight at birth) and an increased risk of child mental health diagnoses. After adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal aspects, there was a remaining conditional increased risk of any child mental health diagnosis, associated with victimisation (conditional hazard ratio (cHR) 1.90, CI 95% 1.34-2.69), and living with an adult with a common mental health diagnosis (cHR 1.63, CI 95% 1.52-1.75). Coefficients of product terms between ACEs and deprivation were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The increased risk of child mental health diagnosis associated with victimisation, or exposure to common mental health diagnoses, and alcohol problems in the household supports the need for policy measures and intervention strategies for children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK.
| | - Rebecca Anthony
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Annette Evans
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Rhian Daniel
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Sara Long
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
| | - Amrita Bandyopadhyay
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham Technology Park, Bangor, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Shantini Paranjothy
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Health Data Science Centre, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Berent D, Wojnar M. Does Parental Alcohol Use Influence Children's Age at First Alcohol Intake? A Retrospective Study of Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:841. [PMID: 34356219 PMCID: PMC8303690 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental alcohol misuse has detrimental effects on the entire family. In particular, the safety and general health of the children of parents with alcohol abuse/dependence are of concern to health authorities around the globe. The present study aimed to examine the impact of parental history of alcohol abuse/dependence on the age of first alcohol intake in adult patients with alcohol dependence. Questionnaire data were collected from 294 (57 females) patients with alcohol dependence (M ± SD, 42 ± 10.96 years). The majority of males (61.2%) and over half (50.9%) of females reported no history of parental alcohol abuse/dependence. Male patients with alcohol dependence were less likely to report living with both parents with alcohol abuse/dependence than female patients with alcohol abuse/dependence (p < 0.05). However, male patients who lived with both parents with alcohol abuse/dependence were younger at first alcohol intake than their female counterparts (median age: 12.00 vs. 18.00, p = 0.002) and males raised by parents without alcohol abuse/dependence (median age: 12.00 vs. 16.00, p = 0.036). Our findings suggest that age at first alcohol intake may serve as a marker of household dysfunction, including poor parental management. Our study supports the global need for systemic interventions to help alcohol abusing/dependent parents to carry out their parental responsibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berent
- Department of Psychiatry, Masovian Regional Psychiatric Hospital Drewnica, 05-091 Ząbki, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Smith JC, Alderman L, Attell BK, Avila Rodriguez W, Covington J, Manteuffel B, DiGirolamo AM, Snyder SM, Minyard K. Dynamics of Parental Opioid Use and Children's Health and Well-Being: An Integrative Systems Mapping Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:687641. [PMID: 34267711 PMCID: PMC8275850 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The seemingly intractable opioid epidemic compels researchers, the media, and families to better understand the causes and effects of this complex and evolving public health crisis. The effects of this crisis on people using opioids, maternal prenatal opioid exposure, and neonatal abstinence syndrome are well-documented, but less is known about the impact of caregivers' opioid use on children's health and well-being. One challenge to understanding the effects of parental opioid use disorder (OUD) on child and adolescent outcomes is the numerous interrelated pathways in which a child's health and well-being can be impacted. To better understand these dynamic relationships, we applied a systems mapping approach to visualize complex patterns and interactions between pathways and potential leverage points for interventions. Specifically, we developed a causal loop diagram system map to elucidate the complex and interconnected relationships between parental OUD, social determinants of health at the family and socio-environmental levels, family strengths, social supports, and possible adverse impacts on children's physical and mental health and risks for future substance misuse. The goals of this research are to (1) identify factors and dynamics that contribute to the relationship between parental OUD and children's health and well-being and (2) illustrate how systems mapping as a tool can aid in understanding the complex factors and dynamics of the system(s) that influence the well-being of children and their parents or primary caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Smith
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Leigh Alderman
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Brandon K Attell
- Department of Educational Policy Studies, College of Education & Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wendy Avila Rodriguez
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jana Covington
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Ann M DiGirolamo
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Susan M Snyder
- School of Social Work, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Karen Minyard
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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32
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Ward G, McLeod J. From control to vulnerability: Resolution of illusory mental health within a significant change event during pluralistic psychotherapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY & COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13642537.2021.1923047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Ward
- Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John McLeod
- Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy College, Dublin, Ireland
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Falkenberg-Olson AC, Hayter KL, Holzer RA, Laylan JM, Borgert AJ, Budzak Garza AE. Infant Vaccinations among Mothers with Substance-Use Disorders: A Comparative Study. Clin Med Res 2021; 19:3-9. [PMID: 33060111 PMCID: PMC7987093 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2020.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Infants of mothers with substance use disorder (SUD) are exposed to complex social environments and increased childhood health risks that can lead to adverse consequences throughout the lifespan. GunderKids, a voluntary, specialized, comprehensive pediatric care management program, was developed to mitigate many of these adverse consequences. Our organization is evaluating several clinical outcomes related to health and development in children born to women with SUD. The current study addressed the timeliness of vaccination coverage among these infants.Methods: This descriptive comparative preliminary study evaluated data of infants and their mothers with SUD who were previously identified during prenatal care visits either by self-report or by positive urine screens. Sociodemographic and vaccination data were extracted from a longitudinal master dataset of variables developed and maintained through retrospective review of electronic health records (EHRs) of these mothers and their infants. Timeliness of vaccination coverage of SUD-exposed infants participating in GunderKids was compared with that of SUD-exposed infants receiving standard pediatric care and was determined using a cumulative vaccinations method.Results: Overall, infants in the GunderKids group (n=50) had more timely vaccination coverage than those receiving standard pediatric care (n=20). Examples of timelier coverage included Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) at 4 months (P = .01; OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4-13.4), for pneumococcal (P = .004; OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.8-23.8) and Hib (P = .004; OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.6-21.9) vaccinations at 15 months. More than 77% of GunderKids received all 6-month vaccinations in a timely manner compared with less than 45% of the standard care group; odds ratios suggest that GunderKids had 4.0-5.6 higher odds of receiving 6-month vaccinations.Conclusion: Vaccination coverage of infants participating in GunderKids was timelier than that of infants receiving standard pediatric care. Results suggest that specialized programs like GunderKids may assist in mitigating adverse health consequences and timeliness of vaccination coverage might be used as a proxy for measuring program effectiveness. Further investigation is recommended to determine clinical, individual, and organizational factors that influence parental behaviors and pediatric outcomes within SUD-exposed families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen L Hayter
- Gundersen Health System-Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI
| | | | | | - Andrew J Borgert
- Gundersen Health System-Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI
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Offiong A, Powell TW, Lewis Q, Smith B, Prioleau M. "I missed open arms": The Need for Connectedness among Black Youth Affected by Parental Drug Use. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 114:105072. [PMID: 32606485 PMCID: PMC7326313 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Parental drug use has significant impacts on the physical, behavioral and social well-being of adolescents, particularly those from disenfranchised communities. We conducted a qualitative study to understand connectedness among Black adolescents affected by parental drug use in Baltimore, Maryland. In-depth interviews (N=30) were conducted with three groups: parents with a history of drug use, youth (18-24yo) who had a biological parent with a history of drug use and youth providers with experience working with families affected by drug use. Data were analyzed inductively using a content analytic approach. Three salient themes emerged: (1) missing parental connections, (2) the desire for consistent, trusted adults and (3) the consequences of missed connections. All participants emphasized the limited emotional support and guidance provided to youth affected by parental drug use. However, extended family members (e.g., grandmothers, aunts, and older siblings) and community mentors stepped in to fulfill unmet needs, when possible. The consequences of missed connections were increased involvement in risky behaviors, fewer basic necessities and a missed childhood. Findings from the study deepen the understanding of how to support the well-being of youth impacted by parental drug use and highlight the value of including the voices of vulnerable families in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asari Offiong
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD USA 21215
| | - Terrinieka W. Powell
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD USA 21215
| | - Quiana Lewis
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD USA 21215
| | - Bianca Smith
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD USA 21215
| | - Morgan Prioleau
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD USA 21215
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Lowthian E, Moore G, Greene G, Kristensen SM, Moore SC. A Latent Class Analysis of Parental Alcohol and Drug Use: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106281. [PMID: 31958709 PMCID: PMC7378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We identified four parental substance use classes using quantity-frequency measures. Heavy use of alcohol formed a class which also included a large proportion of drug users. Mothers’ and their partner’s tended to have similar patterns of substance use behaviours.
Previous measures of parental substance use have often paid limited attention to the co-occurrence of alcohol and drugs, or to the between-parent dynamics in the use of substances. These shortcomings may have important implications for our understandings of the relationship between parental substance use and child wellbeing. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community-based cohort study from 1990 onwards (n = 9,451), we identified groups of parental substance use using latent class analysis. The 4-class solution offered the best fit, balancing statistical criteria and theoretical judgement. The results show distinct classes across the range of parental substance use, including very low users, low users, moderate users and heavy users. These classes suggest that substance use patterns among mothers are somewhat mirrored by those of their partners, while heavy use of alcohol by mothers and their partners is related to increased mothers drug use. We suggest that studies that investigate the effects of parental substance use on child wellbeing should pay greater attention to the dynamics of substance use by parental figures.
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