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Fiore G, Scapaticci S, Neri CR, Azaryah H, Escudero-Marín M, Pascuzzi MC, La Mendola A, Mameli C, Chiarelli F, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad122. [PMID: 37944081 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake. OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk. DATA EXTRACTION A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (≤6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (≥4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (≤3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scapaticci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Costanza R Neri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martina C Pascuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Family socioeconomic status and childhood adiposity in Europe - A scoping review. Prev Med 2022; 160:107095. [PMID: 35594926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a considerable public health problem worldwide. In Europe, lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to higher childhood adiposity. This scoping review strives to discover, which SES indicators are the most commonly used and meaningful determinants of childhood adiposity (greater level of continuous adiposity indicator, e.g. body mass index z-score, or overweight or obesity categorized by established definitions). The review focused on studies about European general populations from the 21st century (January 2000-April 2021) considering children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. PubMed and reference lists of articles were searched in February-April 2021. Total of 53 studies with 121 association analyses between different SES indicators and adiposity indicators, were identified and reviewed. Different SES indicators were grouped to 25 indicators and further to six indicator groups. The most used indicator was mother's education (n of association analyses = 24) and the most used indicator group was parental education (n of association analyses = 51). Of all association analyses, 55% were inverse, 36% were non-significant, and 8% were positive. Composite SES (80%), parental education (69%) and parental occupation (64%) indicators showed most frequently inverse associations with obesity measures (i.e. lower parental SES associating with higher adiposity), while parental income (50% inverse; 50% non-significant) and property and affluence (42% inverse; 50% nonsignificant) indicators showed approximately even number of inverse and non-significant associations. Instead, majority of parental employment (60%) indicators, showed non-significant associations and 33% showed positive associations (i.e. higher parental SES associating with higher adiposity). Despite some variation in percentages, majority of the associations were inverse in each age group and with different outcome categorizations. In girls and in boys, non-significant associations predominated. It seems that children with parents of higher SES have lower likelihood of adiposity in Europe. Parents' employment appears to differ from other SES indicators, so that having an employed parent(s) does not associate with lower likelihood of adiposity. Positive associations seem to occur more frequently in poorer countries. Criteria for uniform childhood SES and adiposity measures should be established and used in studies in order to be able to produce comparable results across countries.
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Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and early adiposity rebound in nursery school children in southeastern France. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:388-394. [PMID: 35523635 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and early adiposity rebound in nursery school children aged 3.5-4.5 years and to evaluate associations with deprivation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southeastern France. Data for all nursery school children aged 3.5-4.5 years were collected during systematic medical examinations. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined using French, International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and World Health Organization reference values. A French ecological deprivation index was used to assess associations with deprivation. RESULTS Among 19,295 children included in the study, the prevalence of overweight (IOTF-25 < BMI < IOTF-30) was 9.1% and the prevalence of obesity (BMI > IOTF-30) was 2.6%. Children attending nursery schools in the most disadvantaged areas were 4.3 times more likely to be affected by obesity than those from schools in the most advantaged areas (OR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.98-6.25, p < 0.001), after adjusting for gender, age group, and school status. Early adiposity rebound was observed in 2131 of 9872 children (21.6%). CONCLUSION Programs to prevent childhood overweight and obesity in France should be intensified and take account of major persistent social inequalities. Medical practitioners should learn to systematically assess BMI curve dynamics and early adiposity rebound.
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Levasseur P. School starting age and nutritional outcomes: Evidence from Brazil. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 45:101104. [PMID: 34995950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies reported that the age of primary school enrolment is a major driver of educational achievement and adult income, but its impacts on childhood health and nutrition remain largely unknown, particularly in developing countries where childhood stunting and overweight coexist. In Brazil, children are supposed to enrol in primary school the year they turn 6. Using a database of middle school students in Brazil based on a 2015 survey, I implemented an instrumental variables strategy using quasi-exogenous variations in the students' birthdates to isolate the impact of late primary school enrolment (i.e., older than 6 when enrolled) on height-for-age and body mass-for-age indicators. Overall, late enrolment has protective effects against hazardous weight gain (-0.14 z-score unit) but significantly increases the risk of moderate stunting (by 1.5% points). Heterogeneity in family backgrounds may explain these results. Indeed, delayed school enrolment is particularly detrimental for the nutritional status of students from underprivileged settings. In terms of public policy, rather than changing school starting age, this study highlights the importance of focusing on pathways to fight both stunting and overweight conditions in Brazilian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Levasseur
- UMR 1048 SADAPT, INRAE, AgroParistech, Université Paris-Saclay, France.
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Qorbani M, Kasaeian A, Rafiemanzelat A, Sheidayi A, Djalalinia S, Nouri K, Rastad H, Salimi D, Ghaderi K, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Social inequalities in meal skipping patterns among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:690-698. [PMID: 34877008 PMCID: PMC8633943 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The appropriate meal consumption affects the children's and adolescents' health. Few studies have shown an association between the socioeconomic inequality and the eating behavior among children and adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequality in meal skipping patterns among children and adolescents. MATERIALS & METHODS The data were accessible through the fifth round of a school-based program in Iran in 2015. In this cross-sectional nationwide study, 14,286 students aged 7-18 years were selected via the multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. The Global School-based Health Survey validated questionnaire was used to assess the socioeconomic variables and meal consumption patterns among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic status (SES) was computed using principle component analysis method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the socioeconomic inequality in meal skipping patterns. RESULTS The frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner skipping were 13.8% (95% CI: 13.3-14.5), 6.8% (95% CI: 6.4-7.2), and 7.5% (95% CI: 7.1-7.9), respectively. In multivariate model, living in a two-parent family compared to living in a single-parent family decreased the odds of breakfast skipping (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.67)). Low SES level was associated with higher odds of skipping breakfast (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.50-2.14) and dinner (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.42-2.28). Moreover, maternal illiteracy and unemployment were associated with skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p values < 0.05). CONCLUSION Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, such as maternal illiteracy and unemployment, low SES level, and living in a single-parent family were suggested as the main predictors of meal skipping patterns in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non‐communicable Diseases Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- Chronic Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research CenterResearch Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell TherapyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Digestive Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Inflammation Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir‐masood Rafiemanzelat
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ali Sheidayi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology CenterDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Kourosh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Hadith Rastad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Dorsa Salimi
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Kimia Ghaderi
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Worku M, Gizaw Z, Kassahun Belew A, Wagnew A, Hunegnaw MT. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight and Obesity among High School Adolescents in Bahir Dar City, Northwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Obes 2021; 2021:8846723. [PMID: 33777450 PMCID: PMC7969120 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8846723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity can be defined as excessive and abnormal fat deposition in our bodies. A body mass index for age of Z scores +2 to +3 was classified as overweight, whereas BMI for age >+3 Z-score was considered as obesity. Overweight and obesity in adolescents are a major health problem in low-income countries like Ethiopia. However, there is not well-established data on adolescents' overweight and obesity. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among high school adolescents in Bahir Dar city, northwest of Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 30 to November 30/2019 among 551 high school adolescents. Data were collected using a self-administrative questionnaire. Weight and height were measured by trained health professionals. World Health Organization AnthroPlus software was used to analyze anthropometric data into body mass index for age with z-score to ascertained overweight and obesity. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.3 and transferred to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Frequency and percentage were presented using tables and figures. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and p < 0.05 were used to dictate statistical significance for overweight and obesity. RESULT In this study, 522 high school adolescents aged 10-19 years were selected using a simple random sampling technique with a response rate of 94.74%. The mean age of the respondents was 17 years with SD ± 1.41. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.5% (95% CI: 9.6, 15.2). Males (13.3%) were more than females (11.5%), being overweight and obese. Having self-employed mothers (AOR: 4.57; 95% CI: 1.06, 19.78), having government-employed mothers (AOR: 6.49; 95% CI: 1.96, 21.54), and having school feeding habit (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.76) were factors associated with overweight/obesity among high school adolescents. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the current study was high. Adolescents having self-employed mothers, adolescents having government-employed mothers, and students having school feeding habits were significant factors of overweight and obesity. Therefore, more emphasis will be given to adolescents having self- and government-employed mothers and adolescents having school feeding habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugebeya Worku
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aysheshim Kassahun Belew
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemakef Wagnew
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ben Cheikh A, Maatoug J, Ghammam R, Chouikha F, Mallat A, Ghannem H. Effect of a school-based intervention in eating habits among school children: quasi experimental study, Tunisia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:157-164. [PMID: 32549142 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess whether six months intervention program with parents' implication in primary schools is able to decrease morning snack consumption among children aged 6-12 years. METHODS We carried out a quasi-experimental study with two groups of schoolchildren in the region of Sousse (Tunisia) from 2015 to 2016. One primary school in each group was selected. In each school, we randomly selected a sample size of schoolchildren and their parents. The intervention was based on healthy eating habits promotion. RESULTS The consumption of morning snacks the day before data collection, reported by children, decreased significantly in post-intervention in both intervention and control groups. The decrease of consumption of morning snacks was significantly higher in intervention group (p=0.009). According to parents, the proportion of children who had the habit of eating morning snack decreased significantly from pre to post-intervention in intervention group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION A healthy environment should be created through effective school policies to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ben Cheikh
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihène Maatoug
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Epidemiology - Sousse, University Hospital Center Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ghammam
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Epidemiology - Sousse, University Hospital Center Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Firas Chouikha
- Department of Epidemiology - Sousse, University Hospital Center Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amal Mallat
- Department of Epidemiology - Sousse, University Hospital Center Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ghannem
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Epidemiology - Sousse, University Hospital Center Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Jin MH, Lee JS. Variability in sociodemographic factors and obesity in Korean children: a cross-sectional analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data (2007-2015). Ann Epidemiol 2020; 43:51-57. [PMID: 32081536 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sociodemographic factors are well-known risk factors for childhood obesity, even though the relationship between sociodemographic factors and obesity varies among countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and obesity in Korean children. METHODS This study is an analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2007-2009, 2010-2012, and 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The sample included 14,482 children aged between 2 and 18 years (7652 boys and 6830 girls) and their parents. Sociodemographic factors were measured as a combination of demographic, economic, and sociological factors, including sex, age, residential area, family income, parent education level, and parent employment status. RESULTS In 2013-2015, obesity among Korean children was associated with current maternal smoking (P < .001). Obesity categorized according to age group was positively associated with paternal education level/high school graduation (P = .026 for ages 7-12 years), maternal smoking (P = .003 for ages 7-12 years), maternal body mass index (all age groups), paternal body mass index (all age groups), and low monthly family income (P = .017 for ages 2-6 years). CONCLUSIONS Current maternal smoking habits, paternal education, and low family income are potential risk factors for obesity in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.
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Ma X, Chen Q, Pu Y, Guo M, Jiang Z, Huang W, Long Y, Xu Y. Skipping breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:1-8. [PMID: 31918985 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, many original studies have shown that skipping breakfast has been associated with overweight and obesity; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to synthesize the associations between skipping breakfast and the risk of overweight/ obesity. METHODS We did a systematic search using Pubmed, and Ovid searched up to August 2019. Observational studies (cohort studies and cross-sectional studies) reporting adjusted Odds Ratio or Risk Ratio estimates for the association between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity (including abdominal obesity). Summary odds ratio (or Risk Ratio) and 95% confidence intervals calculated with a random-effects model. RESULTS 45 observational studies (36 cross-sectional studies and 9 cohort studies) were included in this meta-analysis. In cross-sectional studies, The ORs of low frequency breakfast intake per week versus high frequency were 1.48 (95% CI 1.40-1.57; I2=54.0%; P=0.002) for overweight/obesity, 1.31 (95% CI 1.17-1.47; I2=43.0%; P=0.15) for abdominal obesity. In cohort studies, The RR of low-frequency breakfast intake per week versus high frequency was 1.44 (95% CI 1.25-1.66; I2=61%; P=0.009) for overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed that skipping breakfast is associated with overweight/obesity, and skipping breakfast increases the risk of overweight/obesity. The results of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies are consistent. There is no significant difference in these results among different ages, gender, regions, and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Ma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yueli Pu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Moreno LA, Ruiz JR, Ahrens W, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in European Children From 1999 to 2016: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:e192430. [PMID: 31381031 PMCID: PMC6686782 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Studies of trends in excess weight among European children throughout the last few decades have rendered mixed results. Additionally, some studies were outdated, were based on self-reported weight and height, or included only a few European countries. OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence trends in measured overweight and obesity among children across Europe from 1999 to 2016 using a systematic methodology. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until May 2018. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. STUDY SELECTION The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies reporting the population-based prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) or obesity according to body mass index cutoffs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force; (2) cross-sectional or follow-up studies; and (3) studies including populations aged 2 to 13 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Literature review and data extraction followed established guidelines. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates and their 95% CI whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 < 50%); otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by study year, country, or European region (Atlantic, Iberian, Central, and Mediterranean) were conducted. Prevalence estimates were calculated as an aggregate mean, weighted by the sample size and the number of individuals in each study. RESULTS A total of 103 studies (477 620 children aged 2 to 13 years) with data from 28 countries were included. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iberian region tended to decrease from 30.3% (95% CI, 28.3%-32.3%) to 25.6% (95% CI, 19.7%-31.4%) but tended to increase in the Mediterranean region from 22.9% (95% CI, 17.9%-27.9%) to 25.0% (95% CI, 14.5%-35.5%). No substantial changes were observed in Atlantic Europe or Central Europe, where the overweight and obesity prevalence changed from 18.3% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.9%) to 19.3% (95% CI, 17.7%-20.9%) and from 15.8% (95% CI, 13.4%-18.5%) to 15.3% (95% CI, 11.6%-20.3%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is very high, but trends have stabilized in most European countries. There are substantial between-country differences in the current levels and trends of overweight and obesity. The rising prevalence in some Mediterranean countries is worrisome. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier: CRD42017056924.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain,CIBERESP and IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness And Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among European Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression by Food Group Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071698. [PMID: 31340602 PMCID: PMC6682909 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among European children aged 2–7 years from 2006 to 2016 and to analyze these estimations by gender, country, and food group consumption. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from their inception until 27 February 2019 including cross-sectional studies and baseline measurements of cohort studies with overweight and obesity defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Both the inverse-variance fixed-effects method and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects method were used to determinate pooled prevalence estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 32 studies (n = 197,755 children) with data from 27 European countries were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence estimates of overweight/obesity in European children (aged 2–7 years) during the period 2006–2016 was 17.9% (95% CI: 15.8–20.0), and the pooled prevalence estimate of obesity was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.5–6.1). Southern European countries showed the highest prevalence of excess weight. Additional measures to address the obesity epidemic in early life should be established, especially in European countries where the prevalence of excess weight is very high.
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12
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A tool to measure the attitudes and beliefs of nursing students towards childhood overweight/obesity. Collegian 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jakab AE, Hidvégi EV, Illyés M, Cziráki A, Bereczki C. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Hungarian Children and Adolescents. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018; 72:259-264. [PMID: 29597205 DOI: 10.1159/000487929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, and this condition is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the 3-18-year-old population in Szolnok City and the surrounding areas. METHODS Anthropometric data from healthy, white individuals recruited from nursery, elementary, and secondary schools were used to assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Szolnok City and the surrounding area, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Hungary. Healthy subjects numbering 6,824 (54% boys) were included; overweight and obesity were defined according to the relevant guidelines. RESULTS Overweight individuals constituted 13.4% of the population and 6.6% were obese. The total prevalence was higher in boys (21.6%) than in girls (18.1%). The peak of the prevalence was observed at age 10 in both sexes (boys 33%, girls 27%) followed by a gradual decrease, which was more significant in the case of girls. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the recent Hungarian data, we have not detected any changes in overweight and obesity in the age group 3-9 years and we have found a significant decrease in the age group 7-14 years. Prevention of overweight and obesity in early childhood is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emese Jakab
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Illyés
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Cziráki
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Apports en sucres et principaux contributeurs dans la population française. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-9960(17)30199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Choi SH, Lee JS. The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Korean Children: An Analysis of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2017; 20:186-193. [PMID: 29026735 PMCID: PMC5636935 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2017.20.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is one of the most common health problems among children and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-known risk factor for childhood obesity although the associations were different across countries. Previous studies in other countries have reported a positive association between childhood obesity and SES in developing countries, and inverse correlation has been reported in developed countries. For this reason, we wanted to investigate the relationship between SES and obesity in Korean children. METHODS Data were acquired 3,095 boys and girls who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2010 to 2012. Body mass index was calculated from measured anthropometric data using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. RESULTS Upon univariate analysis, we did not find any statistically significant differences in the parental employment status, monthly family income between children with and without obesity. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed childhood obesity was positively associated with maternal overweight (OR, 1.889; 95% CI, 1.079-3.309), maternal obesity (OR, 3.409; 95% CI, 2.228-5.215) and paternal obesity (OR, 2.135; 95% CI, 1.257-3.627). CONCLUSION The present study showed that socioeconomic status might not an important risk factor for obesity in Korean children. These results warrant further studies to clarify the association between SES and obesity in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seo Heui Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Farsi DJ, Elkhodary HM, Merdad LA, Farsi NMA, Alaki SM, Alamoudi NM, Bakhaidar HA, Alolayyan MA. Prevalence of obesity in elementary school children and its association with dental caries. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:1387-1394. [PMID: 27874156 PMCID: PMC5303779 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.12.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence of obesity among elementary school children and to examine the association between obesity and caries activity in the mixed dentition stage. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between September 2014 and June 2015 using a multi-stage stratified sample of 915 elementary school children (482 boys, 433 girls) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements, consisting of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), were obtained. Children were classified as underweight/healthy, overweight, or obese and as non-obese or obese according to their BMI and WC, respectively. Each child’s caries experience was assessed using the decay score in the primary and permanent teeth. Results Based on BMI, 18% of children were obese, 18% were overweight, and 64% were underweight/normal. Based on WC, 16% of children were obese, and 84% were non-obese. Girls had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity based on WC measurements (p<0.001), but not BMI. Children enrolled in private schools had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity (p<0.05) than those in public schools. For primary and permanent teeth combined, children with higher BMI and WC had a lower prevalence of caries (p<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of obesity was high among male and female elementary school children. Overall caries activity was inversely proportional to BMI and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema J Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating less frequently is associated with increased obesity risk in older children but data are potentially confounded by reverse causation, where bigger children eat less often in an effort to control their weight. Longitudinal data, particularly in younger children, are scarce. We aimed to determine whether eating frequency (meals and snacks) at 2 years of age is associated with past, current or subsequent BMI. DESIGN Cohort analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Eating frequency at 2 years of age was estimated using 48 h diaries that recorded when each child ate meals and snacks (parent-defined) in five-minute blocks. Body length/height and weight were measured at 1, 2 and 3·5 years of age. Linear regression assessed associations between the number of eating occasions and BMI Z-score, before and after adjustment for potential confounding variables. SETTING Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study, Dunedin, New Zealand. SUBJECTS Children (n 371) aged 1-3·5 years. RESULTS On average, children ate 5·5 (sd 1·2) times/d at 2 years of age, with most children (88-89 %) eating 4-7 times/d. Eating frequency at 2 years was not associated with current (difference in BMI Z-score per additional eating occasion; 95 % CI: -0·02; -0·10, 0·05) or subsequent change (0·02; -0·03, 0·06) in BMI. Similarly, BMI at age 1 year did not predict eating frequency at 2 years of age (difference in eating frequency per additional BMI Z-score unit; 95 % CI: -0·03; -0·19, 0·13). CONCLUSIONS Number of eating occasions per day was not associated with BMI in young children in the present study.
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Family Affluence and the Eating Habits of 11- to 15-Year-Old Czech Adolescents: HBSC 2002 and 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13101034. [PMID: 27783063 PMCID: PMC5086773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in eating habits have a profound impact on the health of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate socioeconomic disparities in the eating habits of Czech adolescents and to compare their change between 2002 and 2014. The data from the Czech Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2002 and 2014 was utilized. The Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was used to assess socioeconomic disparities. Higher odds of daily consumption of fruit (2002: OR = 1.67; 2014: OR = 1.70, p < 0.001) and vegetables (2002: OR = 1.54; 2014: OR = 1.48, p < 0.001) were associated with high FAS in both genders. Adolescents with higher FAS were less likely to consume sweets (2002: OR = 0.72, p < 0.05) and more likely to eat breakfast on weekdays (2014: OR = 1.19, p < 0.05). In 2002 and 2014, the data showed lower odds of daily consumption of soft drinks (Low: OR = 0.47; Medium: OR = 0.43; High: OR = 0.41, p < 0.001), fruit (Low: OR = 0.73; Medium: OR = 0.74, p < 0.001; High: OR = 0.75, p < 0.05), sweets (Low: OR = 0.71; Medium: OR = 0.79, p < 0.001) and breakfast on weekends (High: OR = 0.70, p < 0.05), and a higher likelihood of eating breakfast on weekdays (Low: OR = 1.26, p < 0.01; Medium: OR = 1.13, p < 0.05). These findings play an important role in future public measures to improve dietary habits and decrease social inequalities in youth.
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Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:S240-65. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review is an update examining the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sedentary behaviour and health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline were searched in December 2014, and date limits were imposed (≥February 2010). Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth, mean age: 5–17 years), intervention (durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), comparator (various durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), and outcome (critical: body composition, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, academic achievement; important: fitness, self-esteem) study criteria. Quality of evidence by outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative analysis was conducted. A total of 235 studies (194 unique samples) were included representing 1 657 064 unique participants from 71 different countries. Higher durations/frequencies of screen time and television (TV) viewing were associated with unfavourable body composition. Higher duration/frequency of TV viewing was also associated with higher clustered cardiometabolic risk scores. Higher durations of TV viewing and video game use were associated with unfavourable behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour. Higher durations of reading and doing homework were associated with higher academic achievement. Higher duration of screen time was associated with lower fitness. Higher durations of screen time and computer use were associated with lower self-esteem. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” quality. Higher quality studies using reliable and valid sedentary behaviour measures should confirm this largely observational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Casey E. Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Veronica J. Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Applied Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Helena Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Meal-Skipping Behaviors and Body Fat in 6-Year-Old Children. J Pediatr 2016; 168:118-125.e2. [PMID: 26520914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prospective associations of breakfast, lunch, and dinner skipping at age 4 years with body fat (ie, percent fat mass, body mass index [BMI], and weight status) at age 6 years. STUDY DESIGN Data were analyzed from 5913 children participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Meal-skipping behaviors were assessed through parent-report questionnaires. Children's weight and height were objectively measured and converted to BMI SDSs. Weight status (ie, overweight or normal weight) was defined according to age- and sex-specific cutoff points. At age 6 years, percent fat mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for covariates and BMI at age 4 years. RESULTS Breakfast skipping at age 4 years was associated with a higher percent fat mass at age 6 years (β = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.36-2.40). No associations were found with BMI or weight status. Furthermore, no associations were found between lunch and dinner skipping at age 4 years and body fat at age 6 years. CONCLUSION Breakfast skipping at age 4 years is associated with a higher percent fat mass at age 6 years. Further prospective studies, including intervention studies, are warranted to extend the evidence base on the directionality and causality of this association.
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Ferreira HS, Lúcio GMA, Assunção ML, Silva BCV, Oliveira JS, Florêncio TMMT, Geraldes AAR, Horta BL. High Blood Pressure among Students in Public and Private Schools in Maceió, Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142982. [PMID: 26599324 PMCID: PMC4658097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prevalence of hypertension in childhood is increasing, and investigation of its distribution is important for planning timely interventions. This study assessed the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and associated factors in students between 9 and 11 years of age enrolled in public and private schools in Maceió, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in a probabilistic sample of students (10.3 ± 0.5 years). The students were selected from a systematic sampling of 80 schools (40 public and 40 private). To maintain similar proportions of students existing in public and private schools in Maceió, 21 and 14 students were randomly selected from each public and private school, respectively. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated using Poisson regression. A total of 1,338 students were evaluated (800 from public schools and 538 from private schools). No differences were observed between school types in terms of student age and gender (p > 0.05). The prevalence of obesity (19.9% vs. 9.0%; PR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.67-2.92) and hypertension (21.2% vs. 11.4%; PR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.45-2.40) were higher in private schools. The association between high blood pressure and type of school (public or private) remained statistically significant even after adjustment for obesity (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.19-1.97). IN CONCLUSION (a) students from private schools have higher socioeconomic status, BMI, and HBP prevalence compared to those of public school; (b) among the evaluated students, the prevalence of obesity only partially explained the higher prevalence of high blood pressure among students from private schools. Other factors related to lifestyle of children from private schools may explain the higher prevalence of HBP. This results show the need to implement measures to promote healthy lifestyles in the school environment, since children with HBP are more likely to become hypertensive adults. Therefore, early detection and intervention in children with HBP is an important action for the prevention of hypertension in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo S. Ferreira
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Glícia Maris A. Lúcio
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Monica L. Assunção
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Coelho V. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Oliveira
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo L. Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Liou YM, Yang YL, Wang TY, Huang CM. School lunch, policy, and environment are determinants for preventing childhood obesity: Evidence from a two-year nationwide prospective study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:563-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Smetanina N, Albaviciute E, Babinska V, Karinauskiene L, Albertsson-Wikland K, Petrauskiene A, Verkauskiene R. Prevalence of overweight/obesity in relation to dietary habits and lifestyle among 7-17 years old children and adolescents in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1001. [PMID: 26429124 PMCID: PMC4590263 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among pediatric population in Europe and worldwide contributes to major well-known risks for metabolic consequences in later life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Lithuania and assess its association with energy balance related behaviors as well as familial demographic and socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study included 3990 7-17 years old schoolchildren from 40 schools of Kaunas region, Lithuania. Study participants underwent anthropometric measurements. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria for children and adolescents. Children and adolescents and their parents filled in the questionnaires on parental sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, TV watching time, and family socioeconomic status. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among boys and girls was 6.9 and 11.7 % (P < 0.05), 12.6 and 12.6 % (P > 0.05), and 4.9 and 3.4 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Obesity was significantly more prevalent in the 7-9 years old group (6.7 and 4.8 % in boys and girls, respectively, P < 0.05). Lower meals frequency and breakfast skipping were directly associated with overweight/obesity (P < 0.05); however, physical inactivity was not associated with higher BMI. Children's overweight/obesity was directly associated with lower paternal education and unemployment (OR 1.30, P = 0.013 and OR 1.56, P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-17 years old Lithuanian children and adolescents was more prevalent in younger age, still being one of the lowest across the European countries. Meals frequency, breakfast skipping, paternal education and unemployment as well as a family history of arterial hypertension were found to be associated with children's and adolescents' overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Smetanina
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Edita Albaviciute
- Laboratory of Child and Youth Health, Institute of Health Research, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Veslava Babinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Karinauskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland
- Goteborg Pediatric Growth Research Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, SE-41685, Goteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Laboratory of Child and Youth Health, Institute of Health Research, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Barriuso L, Miqueleiz E, Albaladejo R, Villanueva R, Santos JM, Regidor E. Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990-2013. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26391227 PMCID: PMC4578240 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a major problem in rich countries due to its high prevalence and its harmful health consequences. An exploratory analysis conducted in the PubMed database highlighted that the number of papers published on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and childhood-adolescent weight status had risen substantially with respect to an earlier review which had covered the period 1990–2005. Methods To describe the findings on the relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in papers published in rich countries from 1990 through 2013, studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Knowledge (WOK); PsycINFO; Global Health; and Embase. We included observational studies from the 27 richest OECD countries, which covered study populations aged 0 to 21 years, and used parental education, income and/or occupation as family SEP indicators. A total of 158 papers met the inclusion criteria and reported 134 bivariable and 90 multivariable analyses. Results Examination of the results yielded by the bivariable analyses showed that 60.4 % of studies found an inverse relationship, 18.7 % of studies did not found relationship, and 20.9 % of studies found a relationship that varied depending on another variable, such as age, sex or ethnic group; the corresponding percentages in the multivariable analyses were 51.1, 20.0 and 27.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, 1.1 % found a positive relationship. Conclusion The relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries is predominantly inverse and the positive relationship almost has disappeared. The SEP indicator that yields the highest proportion of inverse relationships is parents’ education. The proportion of inverse relationships is higher when the weight status is reported by parents instead using objective measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barriuso
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estrella Miqueleiz
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Romana Albaladejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Villanueva
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana M Santos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Memeo R, Ciacio O, Pittau G, Cherqui D, Castaing D, Adam R, Vibert E. Systematic computer tomographic scans 7 days after liver transplantation surgery can lower rates of repeat-transplantation due to arterial complications. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:3536-42. [PMID: 25498085 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arterial complications are a major cause of graft lost after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of our study was to assess the clinical impact of systematic early postoperative injected computed tomographic (CT) scans after LT rather than its performance on demand in the event of abnormalities. Two series of consecutive transplantation patients in different periods (1997-1999, 231 patients versus 2008-2010, 250 patients) were analyzed. During the first period, an injected CT scan was only performed in the event of clinical, biological, or ultrasound abnormalities revealed by tests performed daily during the first week after surgery. During the second period, in addition to standard follow-up examination, an injected CT scan was performed systematically at approximately postoperative day 7. During the first (versus the more recent) period, both recipients (whose ages were 46 ± 13 years versus 50 ± 12 years; P = .004) and donors (whose ages were 42 ± 17 versus 52 ± 17 years; P = .0001) were younger and end-stage liver disease was more common (34% versus 12%; P = .0001), but hepatocellular carcinoma (7% vs 26%; P = .0001) and retransplantation (2% versus 7%; P = .01) were less frequent. Postoperative mortality was higher during the first period (14% versus 4%; P = .0003). The incidence of early arterial thrombosis (<1 month) was similar (1.3% versus 1.6%; P = .78), but that of arterial stenosis was higher with a systematic CT scan (1.7 versus 4.4; P = .07). As a consequence of the early detection and treatment of arterial abnormalities, the repeat LT rate due to late arterial thrombosis was nil in the second period and 2.1% (5/231) in the first period. In conclusion, a systematic CT angiogram at the end of the first postoperative week reduced retransplantation rates due to late hepatic artery thrombosis by detecting patients at risk who required specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Memeo
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.
| | - O Ciacio
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - G Pittau
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - D Cherqui
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - D Castaing
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - R Adam
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - E Vibert
- Centre Hépato-biliaire, Paul Brousse Hospital, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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Wijtzes AI, Jansen W, Jaddoe VWV, Franco OH, Hofman A, van Lenthe FJ, Raat H. Social Inequalities in Young Children's Meal Skipping Behaviors: The Generation R Study. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225757 PMCID: PMC4520523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular meal consumption is considered an important aspect of a healthy diet. While ample evidence shows social inequalities in breakfast skipping among adolescents, little is known about social inequalities in breakfast skipping and skipping of other meals among young school-aged children. Such information is crucial in targeting interventions aimed to promote a healthy diet in children. Methods We examined data from 4704 ethnically diverse children participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Information on family socioeconomic position (SEP), ethnic background, and meal skipping behaviors was assessed by parent-reported questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of family SEP (educational level, household income, employment status, family composition) and ethnic background with meal skipping behaviors, using high SEP children and native Dutch children as reference groups. Results Meal skipping prevalence ranged from 3% (dinner) to 11% (lunch). The prevalence of meal skipping was higher among low SEP children and ethnic minority children. Maternal educational level was independently associated with breakfast skipping ([low maternal educational level] OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.24,3.94). Paternal educational level was independently associated with lunch skipping ([low paternal educational level] OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.06,2.20) and dinner skipping ([mid-high paternal educational level] OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20,0.76). Household income was independently associated with breakfast skipping ([low income] OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.40,4.22) and dinner skipping ([low income] OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.22,4.91). In general, ethnic minority children were more likely to skip breakfast, lunch, and dinner compared with native Dutch children. Adjustment for family SEP attenuated the associations of ethnic minority background with meal skipping behaviors considerably. Conclusion Low SEP children and ethnic minority children are at an increased risk of breakfast, lunch, and dinner skipping compared with high SEP children and native Dutch children, respectively. Given these inequalities, interventions aimed to promote regular meal consumption, breakfast consumption in particular, should target children from low socioeconomic groups and ethnic minority children. More qualitative research to investigate the pathways underlying social inequalities in children’s meal skipping behaviors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I. Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Development, City of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Guo L, Liu J, Ye R, Liu J, Zhuang Z, Ren A. Gestational Weight Gain and Overweight in Children Aged 3-6 Years. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:536-43. [PMID: 26119288 PMCID: PMC4517992 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether gestational weight gain (GWG) was associated with increased odds of childhood overweight after accounting for pre-pregnancy BMI. Methods In a prospective cohort study based on a premarital and perinatal health care system in China, data of 100 612 mother-child pairs were obtained. The main exposure was GWG as both a continuous and categorical variable. The outcome measure was overweight, defined by age- and sex-specific cutoff values for body mass index (BMI) in children aged 3–6 years. Results A 1-kg increase in maternal GWG was associated with an increase of 0.009 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.007–0.010, P < 0.001) in children’s mean BMI; in the subgroup of pre-pregnancy overweight/obese mothers, the increase in children’s BMI was 0.028 (95% CI, 0.017–0.039, P < 0.001). Excessive GWG played an important role in childhood overweight when adequate GWG was used as the reference, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 (95% CI, 1.12–1.29). The risk was highest (OR 2.22; 95% CI, 1.79–2.76) in the children of mothers who were overweight/obese before pregnancy and gained excessive weight during pregnancy. Conclusions Greater maternal GWG was associated with greater offspring BMI, and the risk of overweight was doubled in children whose mothers were overweight/obese before pregnancy and gained excessive weight during pregnancy. As a result, maintenance of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy and prophylaxis of maternal overweight/obesity before pregnancy should be a strategy for preventing childhood overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Guo
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University
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Wu S, Ding Y, Wu F, Li R, Hu Y, Hou J, Mao P. Socio-economic position as an intervention against overweight and obesity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11354. [PMID: 26112253 PMCID: PMC4481703 DOI: 10.1038/srep11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that investigated the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and obesity in children suggest inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to summarize and quantify the current evidence on SEP and risks of overweight and obesity in children aged 0–15 years. Relevant studies published between 1990 to Sep 4, 2014 were searched in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models, according to lowest vs the highest SEP category. A total of 62 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of both overweight risk and obesity risk were higher in the children with lowest SEP than in those with highest SEP (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17, and OR, 1.41, 95% CI: 1.29–1.55, respectively). Sub-group analyses showed that the inverse relationships between SEP and childhood overweight and obesity were only found in high-income countries and in more economic developed areas. In conclusion, our study suggests that children with lower SEP had higher risks of overweight and obesity, and the increased risks were independent of the income levels of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunquan Wu
- Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuquan Wu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Examining communication- and media-based recreational sedentary behaviors among Canadian youth: results from the COMPASS study. Prev Med 2015; 74:74-80. [PMID: 25732538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of different communication- and media-based sedentary behaviors and examine how they are associated with modifiable risk behaviors and key demographic correlates among a large sample of youth. METHODS Data from 23,031 grade 9 to grade 12 students in Year 1 (2012-2013) of the COMPASS study (Canada) were used to examine the prevalence of sedentary behaviors by gender and by grade. The between-school variance in sedentary behaviors was calculated and models were developed to examine how modifiable risk factors and demographic correlates were associated with sedentary behaviors. RESULTS Youth averaged 494 (± 313) min/day of sedentary behavior and 96.7% of the sample exceeded the sedentary behavior guidelines of no more than 2h per day. Significant between-school random variation in the sedentary behaviors was identified. Substance use, weight status, ethnicity, and gender were the main predictors of the sedentary behaviors examined. CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of youth in the COMPASS sample are considered highly sedentary. The evidence clearly suggests we need to develop more effective methods of intervening, that school-based programming is warranted, and that gender-specific programming may be required.
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Faghih S, Keshani P, Salar A, Rajaei SH, Mirzaei Z, Moosavi SM, Hematdar Z. Assessment of Obesity, Unhealthy Food Habits, and Nutritional Knowledge of Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Stabilization of overweight prevalence and improvement of dietary habits in French children between 2004 and 2008. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:1883-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to describe changes in overweight and obesity prevalence and eating habits among 7·5–10·5-year-old children in Aquitaine (France) between 2004 and 2008, and to assess how the programme ‘Nutrition, Prevention and Health of children and teenagers in Aquitaine’ implemented in 2004 may have impacted these changes.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in two samples of children: the ‘before programme’ sample during the school year 2004/2005 and the ‘after programme’ sample during the school year 2008/2009.SettingsData were collected on gender, age, weight, height, area of residence (rural/urban) and socio-economic status of the school (non-low socio-economic/low socio-economic). Multivariate analyses were used to assess the effect of the regional programme intervention on the evolution of overweight and obesity prevalence and eating habits independently.SubjectsThe ‘before programme’ sample included 1836 children from 163 schools during the school year 2004/2005 and the ‘after programme’ sample included 3483 children from 210 schools during the school year 2008/2009.ResultsAfter adjustment of the model for age, residential area and socio-economic status of the area of residence, the prevalence of overweight including obesity (OR=1·05; 95 % CI 0·89, 1·23, P=0·56) and of obesity (OR=0·99; 95 % CI 0·71, 1·39, P=0·96) was found to have stabilized and eating habits had improved: intake of light afternoon meals had increased (OR=1·38; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·69, P=0·002) while snacking in the morning (OR=0·50; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·57, P<0·001) and nibbling (OR=0·81; 95 % CI 0·70, 0·93, P<0·001) had decreased.ConclusionsThese results encourage the promotion and implementation of regional and national interventions among children regarding their eating habits in order to stabilize or decrease the prevalence of overweight.
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Wijtzes AI, Bouthoorn SH, Jansen W, Franco OH, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and body fat in 6-year-old children: the generation R study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014. [PMID: 25124336 PMCID: PMC4145220 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health concern. Knowledge on modifiable risk factors is needed to design effective intervention programs. This study aimed to assess associations of children’s sedentary behaviors (television viewing and computer game use) and physical activity behaviors (sports participation, outdoor play, and active transport to/from school) with three indicators of body fat, i.e., percent fat mass, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores, and weight status (normal weight, overweight). Methods Cross-sectional data from 5913 6-year-old ethnically diverse children were analyzed. Children’s weight and height were objectively measured and converted to BMI. Weight status was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. BMI standard deviation scores were created, based on Dutch reference growth curves. Fat mass was measured my dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sedentary and physical activity behaviors were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires. Series of logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, controlling for confounders (i.e., socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors). Results Sports participation was inversely associated with fat mass (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors. No other independent associations were observed. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that sports participation is inversely associated with percent body fat among ethnically diverse 6-year-old children. More research in varied populations including objective measurements and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wijtzes AI, Bouthoorn SH, Jansen W, Franco OH, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and body fat in 6-year-old children: the generation R study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:96. [PMID: 25124336 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-1946502959127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health concern. Knowledge on modifiable risk factors is needed to design effective intervention programs. This study aimed to assess associations of children's sedentary behaviors (television viewing and computer game use) and physical activity behaviors (sports participation, outdoor play, and active transport to/from school) with three indicators of body fat, i.e., percent fat mass, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores, and weight status (normal weight, overweight). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 5913 6-year-old ethnically diverse children were analyzed. Children's weight and height were objectively measured and converted to BMI. Weight status was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. BMI standard deviation scores were created, based on Dutch reference growth curves. Fat mass was measured my dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sedentary and physical activity behaviors were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires. Series of logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, controlling for confounders (i.e., socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors). RESULTS Sports participation was inversely associated with fat mass (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors. No other independent associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that sports participation is inversely associated with percent body fat among ethnically diverse 6-year-old children. More research in varied populations including objective measurements and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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François P, Guyomard A, Baudet D, Dubois-Fabing D, Boussuges S, Perrin F, Seigneurin A. [Evaluation of an obesity prevention program for school-aged children in deprived urban areas]. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:727-35. [PMID: 24947111 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing prevalence of obesity particularly affects underprivileged families and children. This study aimed to estimate the efficiency of an obesity prevention program for school-aged children in deprived urban areas. METHODS This was an intervention trial with a before-and-after comparison of a cohort of school-aged children in preschool and primary school in three deprived urban areas in Grenoble, France. All school-aged children in the first and third year of preschool and the third year of primary school during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 school years, whose parents agreed to participate in the study, were included. Children were seen again 2 years later. The staff of the school health service measured and weighed the children during a medical check-up, thus determining their body mass index (BMI) and Z score. A school doctor suggested specific care to the parents of overweight children. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed. The primary outcome was changes in BMI and the Z score over 2 years. The secondary outcome was changes in lifestyle and eating habits. RESULTS A total of 2434 children were included in the screening campaign. Of the 2434 children included in screening, 1824 children were reviewed and evaluated at 2 years. At inclusion, overweight prevalence increased with age, from 6.4% in the first year of preschool to 21.9% in the third year of primary school. More than 60% of overweight children had a high social vulnerability score. Prevalence of overweight increased from 13.8% to 21.5% in 2 years in the entire cohort (P<0.001). In the 252 overweight children, the mean BMI increased from 20 kg/m(2) to 21.8 kg/m(2) (P<0.001), as did the mean Z score, which increased from 2.72 to 2.9 (P<0.001). There was no significant interaction depending on whether the family physician was in private practice or employed by a health center. According to their eating habits, fewer of the overweight children had a snack in the morning and more had a school lunch. More than half of the children thought they had improved their eating habits. They played more sports (30% versus 49.5%). CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate that incentive for medical management of excess weight had an effect on the short-term (2 years) evolution of the children's corpulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P François
- Unité d'évaluation médicale, pôle santé publique, pavillon Taillefer, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS, université Grenoble 1, pavillon Taillefer, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - A Guyomard
- Unité d'évaluation médicale, pôle santé publique, pavillon Taillefer, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - D Baudet
- Association de gestion des centres de santé AGECSA, 162, Galerie-de-l'Arlequin, 38100 Grenoble, France
| | - D Dubois-Fabing
- Association de gestion des centres de santé AGECSA, 162, Galerie-de-l'Arlequin, 38100 Grenoble, France
| | - S Boussuges
- Service municipal de santé scolaire, 33, rue Joseph-Chanrion, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - F Perrin
- Direction santé publique environnementale de la ville de Grenoble, 33, rue Joseph-Chanrion, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Seigneurin
- Unité d'évaluation médicale, pôle santé publique, pavillon Taillefer, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS, université Grenoble 1, pavillon Taillefer, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Sun G, Jia G, Peng H, Dickerman B, Compher C, Liu J. Trends of childhood obesity in China and associated factors. Clin Nurs Res 2013; 24:156-71. [PMID: 23823460 DOI: 10.1177/1054773813493286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is worsening at dramatic rates and has become a public health crisis. This study investigated these trends in childhood obesity and examined parental factors that may contribute to overweight and obesity. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements taken annually from 2004 to 2007 in a subsample of 136 children (2-4 years old), from the Jintan Child Health Project in China. Parental factors were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity rose from 6.6% and 2.2% in 2004 to 15.4% and 6.6% in 2007 (p < .05). Overweight was significantly associated with maternal employment (p < .05), but not with parental education level, maternal age at birth, or breast-feeding. To counter this rapid increase of obesity and overweight prevalence, nurses should regularly monitor children's weight and advise parents, especially working mothers, on the nutritional benefits of home-cooked meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiju Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genmei Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglei Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Barbra Dickerman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlene Compher
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Childhood obesity. Public Health Nutr 2013; 16:191-2. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012005332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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