1
|
Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Kazemi-Aliakbar M, Zahedi AS, Koochakpoor G, Daneshpour MS, Azizi F. The association between parental cardiovascular health status and the risk of obesity in their offspring: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2055-2064. [PMID: 38866611 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the association of parental cardiovascular risk factors with the risk of obesity in offspring. We aimed to investigate whether parental ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status was associated with the risk of general and central obesity in their young/adult offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Of individuals who participated in the 2012-15 phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2395 pairs of parent-unmarried offspring aged ≥6 years were selected in this cross-sectional study. General and central obesity were defined based on Iranian BMI percentile reference data for offspring aged ≤18 years. For subjects aged ≥19 years, central obesity was defined based on the introduced cut-off points for Iranian adults. We employed the American Heart Association's 2020 impact goal criteria of ICVH. The mean ± SD age of fathers and mothers were respectively 55.4 ± 9.79 and 48.4 ± 9.88. About 55% of offspring were older than 19 years. Higher adherence to ICVH score in mothers was associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity in female offspring (OR for Q1-Q4: 1, 0.56, 0.57, 0.37, P < 0.05 for all quartiles). Among ICVH components, only ideal BMI status in fathers was observed to be associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity in their male offspring. The risk of abdominal obesity decreased in female offspring with increasing total ICVH score in mothers. CONCLUSION Higher adherence of parents to ICVH and its components was positively associated with a lower risk of general and abdominal obesity in their offspring. Our findings demonstrate that maternal-offspring relationship was stronger than paternal-offspring association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Kazemi-Aliakbar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh-Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McGehee DL, Saben JL, Sims CR, Turner D, Thakali KM, Diaz EC, Sobik SR, Edwards T, Krukowski RA, Williams DK, Børsheim E, Andres A. Childhood cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the perinatal environment of the maternal-paternal-child triad. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13162. [PMID: 39183454 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years. METHODS Triads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (n = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum-based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years. RESULTS In this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Dietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamond L McGehee
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Donald Turner
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Eva C Diaz
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sarah R Sobik
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Timothy Edwards
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karlen-Amarante M, Bassi M, Barbosa RM, Sá JM, Menani JV, Colombari E, Zoccal DB, Colombari DSA. Maternal high-fat diet changes breathing pattern and causes excessive sympathetic discharge in juvenile offspring rat. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L662-L674. [PMID: 37786934 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life over-nutrition, as experienced in maternal obesity, is a risk factor for developing cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases. Here we investigated the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption on the breathing pattern and sympathetic discharge to blood vessels in juvenile offspring from dams fed with HFD (O-HFD). Adult female Holtzman rats were given a standard diet (SD) or HFD from 6 wk before gestation to weaning. At weaning (P21), the male offspring from SD dams (O-SD) and O-HFD received SD until the experimental day (P28-P45). Nerve recordings performed in decerebrated in situ preparations demonstrated that O-HFD animals presented abdominal expiratory hyperactivity under resting conditions and higher vasoconstrictor sympathetic activity levels. The latter was associated with blunted respiratory-related oscillations in sympathetic activity, especially in control animals. When exposed to elevated hypercapnia or hypoxia levels, the O-HFD animals mounted similar ventilatory and respiratory motor responses as the control animals. Hypercapnia and hypoxia exposure also increased sympathetic activity in both groups but did not reinstate the respiratory-sympathetic coupling in the O-HFD rats. In freely behaving conditions, O-HFD animals exhibited higher resting pulmonary ventilation and larger variability of arterial pressure levels than the O-SD animals due to augmented sympathetic modulation of blood vessel diameter. Maternal obesity modified the functioning of cardiorespiratory systems in offspring at a young age, inducing active expiration and sympathetic overactivity under resting conditions. These observations represent new evidence about pregnancy-related complications that lead to the development of respiratory distress and hypertension in children of obese mothers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases. This study highlights the changes on the breathing pattern and sympathetic discharge to blood vessels in juvenile offspring from dams fed with HFD. Maternal obesity modified the functioning of cardiorespiratory systems in offspring, inducing active expiration and sympathetic overactivity. These observations represent new evidence about pregnancy-related complications that lead to the development of respiratory distress and hypertension in children of obese mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlusa Karlen-Amarante
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mirian Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Moreira Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Matheus Sá
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - José Vanderlei Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pinto C, Sá JR, Lana J, Dualib P, Gabbay M, Dib S. Association of parental cardiovascular risk factors with offspring type 1 diabetes mellitus insulin sensitivity. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108393. [PMID: 36608491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine whether the insulin resistance (IR) and lipid profiles in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) offspring are associated with IR and other cardiovascular risk factors in their parents. METHODS This study included 99 T1D patients (19.6 ± 4.0 yrs.), 85 mothers and 60 fathers. Parents' IR was assessed by HOMA-IR, and the insulin sensitivity in T1D patients was assessed by the estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR). RESULTS The eGDR in the T1D offspring was negatively related to age (p = 0.023), weight (p = 0.004), LDL (p = 0.026), and microalbuminuria (p = 0.019). Maternal Type 2 Diabetes (p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.029) were negatively related to eGDR in their T1D offspring. The maternal HOMA-IR and the proband's eGDR were positively (p = 0.012) and negatively (p = 0.042) associated with the birth weight of the T1D offspring, respectively. We didn't find an association with the fathers' profiles. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of offspring with T1D the insulin sensitivity was related to the IR, lipid profile, and the presence of T2D only in their mothers. Precocious screening and treatment of these risk factors beyond glycemic control will benefit T1D with this background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pinto
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Joao Roberto Sá
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Janaina Lana
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Patricia Dualib
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil.
| | - Monica Gabbay
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Sergio Dib
- Endocrinology Division, Diabetes Center of Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04021-001, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robertson OC, Marceau K, Moding KJ, Knopik VS. Developmental pathways linking obesity risk and early puberty: The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Kankowski L, Ardissino M, McCracken C, Lewandowski AJ, Leeson P, Neubauer S, Harvey NC, Petersen SE, Raisi-Estabragh Z. The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Offspring Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868441. [PMID: 35669689 PMCID: PMC9164814 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity and cardiovascular disease are major global public health problems. Maternal obesity has been linked to multiple adverse health consequences for both mother and baby. Obesity during pregnancy may adversely alter the intrauterine environment, which has been hypothesised to predispose the offspring to poorer cardiovascular health throughout life. In this paper, we systematically review current literature examining the links between maternal obesity and offspring cardiovascular health. Methods This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021278567) and was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted, including two electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase), cross-referencing, author searching, and grey literature searches. We selected studies exploring the relationship between maternal obesity and offspring cardiovascular health, using pre-defined eligibility criteria. Studies were critically appraised using the ROBINS-I tool. Results From 1,214 results, 27 articles met the eligibility criteria. Multiple cardiovascular outcomes were considered, including congenital heart disease, cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiovascular diseases in neonates, children, and adults. In these studies, maternal obesity was consistently associated with congenital heart disease, several adverse cardiometabolic parameters throughout life including higher body mass index and insulin levels, and greater risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Hypothesized underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial comprising genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic components, which can be difficult to quantify. Heterogeneity in study designs, highly selected study samples, and high risk of bias in some studies limit conclusions regarding causality. Conclusions We identified consistent evidence of links between maternal obesity and poorer offspring cardiovascular health throughout the lifecourse, extending from the neonatal period into adulthood. Although underlying mechanisms are unclear, our findings support consideration of targeted maternal obesity prevention for promotion of offspring cardiovascular health. This all-encompassing systematic review provides critical appraisal of the latest evidence, defines gaps and biases of existing literature, and may inform potential new public health strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier PROSPERO (CRD42021278567).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lois Kankowski
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddalena Ardissino
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste McCracken
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Lewandowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Billah MM, Khatiwada S, Morris MJ, Maloney CA. Effects of paternal overnutrition and interventions on future generations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:901-917. [PMID: 35022547 PMCID: PMC9050512 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, evidence from human and animal studies suggests that paternal obesity around the time of conception can have adverse effects on offspring health through developmental programming. This may make significant contributions to the current epidemic of obesity and related metabolic and reproductive complications like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and subfertility/infertility. To date, changes in seminal fluid composition, sperm DNA methylation, histone composition, small non-coding RNAs, and sperm DNA damage have been proposed as potential underpinning mechanism to program offspring health. In this review, we discuss current human and rodent evidence on the impact of paternal obesity/overnutrition on offspring health, followed by the proposed mechanisms, with a focus on sperm DNA damage underpinning paternal programming. We also summarize the different intervention strategies implemented to minimize effects of paternal obesity. Upon critical review of literature, we find that obesity-induced altered sperm quality in father is linked with compromised offspring health. Paternal exercise intervention before conception has been shown to improve metabolic health. Further work to explore the mechanisms underlying benefits of paternal exercise on offspring are warranted. Conversion to healthy diets and micronutrient supplementation during pre-conception have shown some positive impacts towards minimizing the impact of paternal obesity on offspring. Pharmacological approaches e.g., metformin are also being applied. Thus, interventions in the obese father may ameliorate the potential detrimental impacts of paternal obesity on offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saroj Khatiwada
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eitmann S, Mátrai P, Németh D, Hegyi P, Lukács A, Bérczi B, Czumbel LM, Kiss I, Gyöngyi Z, Varga G, Balaskó M, Pétervári E. Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring's blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:276-287. [PMID: 35041216 PMCID: PMC9305555 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy predisposes the offspring to cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's blood pressure (BP) and the effect of offspring's obesity on this association. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Human studies published in English before October 2021 were identified that presented quantitative estimates of association between maternal overnutrition just before or during pregnancy and the offspring's BP. SYNTHESIS Random-effect model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting method was used to analyse regression coefficients or mean differences. RESULTS After selection, 17 observational studies (140,517 mother-offspring pairs) were included. Prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) showed positive correlation with BP in offspring (regression coefficient for systolic: 0.38 mmHg per kg/m2 , 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17, 0.58; diastolic: 0.10 mmHg per kg/m2 , 95% CI 0.05, 0.14). These indicate 1.9 mmHg increase in systolic and 0.5 mmHg increase in diastolic BP of offspring with every 5 kg/m2 gain in maternal ppBMI. Results on coefficients adjusted for offspring's BMI also showed association (systolic: 0.08 mmHg per kg/m2 , 95% CI 0.04, 0.11; diastolic: 0.03 mmHg per kg/m2 , 95% CI 0.01, 0.04). Independent from ppBMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) showed positive correlation with systolic BP (systolic BP: 0.05 mmHg per kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.09), but not after adjustment for offspring's BMI. Mean systolic BP was higher in children of mothers with excessive GWG than in those of mothers with optimal GWG (difference: 0.65 mmHg, 95% CI 0.25, 1.05). CONCLUSIONS Independent from offspring's BMI, higher prepregnancy BMI may increase the risk for hypertension in offspring. The positive association between GWG and offspring's systolic BP is indirect via offspring's obesity. Reduction in maternal obesity and treatment of obesity in children of obese mothers are needed to prevent hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szimonetta Eitmann
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Dávid Németh
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentreMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Anita Lukács
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and NeuroscienceFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Bálint Bérczi
- Department of Public Health MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - László Márk Czumbel
- Department of Oral BiologyFaculty of DentistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Zoltán Gyöngyi
- Department of Public Health MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral BiologyFaculty of DentistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Institute for Translational MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naseri P, Amiri P, Zareie Shab-Khaneh A, Azizi F. Predictive value of women's weight trajectories in determining familial cardiovascular disorders: a family-based longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17317. [PMID: 34453070 PMCID: PMC8397790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the dynamic nature of body mass index (BMI) and its importance in determining cardiovascular risks, this study aimed to investigate the life-course trajectory pattern of women’s BMI and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1356 couples with 2976 children were recruited and followed up for an average period of 20 years. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to determine women's BMI trajectories; logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between trajectory patterns and cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity. Women were classified into three trajectories, including normal, stage 1 obesity, and stage 2 obesity. Compared to women’s in the normal trajectory group, those in obesity trajectories had higher odds ratios for HTN, DM, and dyslipidemia. Men with obese spouses showed a higher rate of HTN 1.54 (95% CI 1.05–2.25) and DM 1.55; (95% CI 1.00–2.44). The odds of men’s obesity were higher in obese spouses (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.10–2.62). Offspring of stage 2 obese (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.67–3.44) and stage 1 obese (OR 4.81; 95% CI 3.16–7.34) mothers were more likely to be obese. Our findings emphasized paying more attention to women with excessive weight to promote familial cardiovascular health in the communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Naseri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Amirali Zareie Shab-Khaneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2798-2807. [PMID: 33843556 PMCID: PMC9884752 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the longitudinal association between parental BMI and offspring's BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012. DESIGN Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children's anthropometry data since birth. Children's anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins, and parents' anthropometrics were self-reported. Children's and parents' BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMI Z-score (zBMI). SETTING EPACI Portugal 2012. PARTICIPANTS Representative sample from the Portuguese population (n 2230) aged from 12 to 36 months. RESULTS 58·9 % of the fathers and 35·6 % of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17·0 % to 30·3 % since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a -0·15 SD lower zBMI (95 % CI -0·23, -0·06) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0·24 SD, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·35) throughout the first months of life. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers' pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.
Collapse
|
11
|
Eberle C, Kirchner MF, Herden R, Stichling S. Paternal metabolic and cardiovascular programming of their offspring: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244826. [PMID: 33382823 PMCID: PMC7775047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is lots of evidence that maternal peri-gestational metabolic, genomic and environmental conditions are closely linked to metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in their offspring later in life. Moreover, there is also lotsof evidence that underlining mechanisms, such as molecular as well as epigenetic changes may alter the intrauterine environment leading to cardio-metabolic diseases in their offspring postnatal. But, there is also increasing evidence that cardio-metabolic diseases may be closely linked to their paternal metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and other risk factors. OBJECTIVE To analyse the evidence as well as specific risk factors of paternal trans-generational programming of cardio-metabolic diseases in their offspring. METHODS Within a systematic scoping review, we performed a literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases in August 2020 considering original research articles (2000-2020) that examined the impact of paternal programming on metabolic and cardiovascular offspring health. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies as well as human and animal model studies were included. RESULTS From n = 3.199 citations, n = 66 eligible studies were included. We selected n = 45 epidemiological as well as clinical studies and n = 21 experimental studies. In brief, pre-conceptional paternal risk factors, such as obesity, own birth weight, high-fat and low-protein diet, undernutrition, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, advanced age, smoking as well as environmental chemical exposure affect clearly metabolic and cardiovascular health of their offspring later in life. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging evidence that paternal risk factors, such as paternal obesity, diabetes mellitus, nutritional habits, advanced age and exposure to environmental chemicals or cigarette smoke, are clearly associated with adverse effects in metabolic and cardiovascular health in their offspring. Compared to maternal programming, pre-conceptional paternal factors might also have also a substantial effect in the sense of trans-generational programming of their offspring and need further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eberle
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda–University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michaela F. Kirchner
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda–University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Raphaela Herden
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda–University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefanie Stichling
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda–University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Z, Li Y, Dong B, Gao D, Wen B, Ma J. Relationship between parental overweight and obesity and childhood metabolic syndrome in their offspring: result from a cross-sectional analysis of parent-offspring trios in China. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036332. [PMID: 33323427 PMCID: PMC7745332 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components are observed to emerge in childhood and may continue into adulthood. The study aimed to investigate the association between parental overweight and risk of childhood MS and its components in their offspring. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese children and adolescents; a total of 11 784 children aged 7-18 years were included in this study; child outcomes were obtained from objective measurements and parental data were obtained from questionnaires; MS was defined according to the modified criteria of Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ; correlation between parental overweight and offspring MS was assessed via multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential covariates. RESULTS 3476 (29.5%) children were found to have overweight fathers, 1041 (8.8%) had overweight mothers and 852 (7.2%) had both overweight parents. The prevalence of MS was 7.1% in total, 8.2% in boys and 5.9% in girls; children with overweight parents had a higher prevalence of MS and its components (except for elevated glucose) compared with children with normal-weight parents. Children with overweight fathers, mothers and both parents had 2.17 times (95% CI: 1.65-2.85), 2.89 times (95% CI: 2.03-4.11) and 2.81 times (95% CI: 1.91-4.15) higher risk of MS, respectively. Children with overweight mothers were likely to have a higher risk of MS compared with children with overweight fathers. Parental overweight was positively correlated with higher risk of MS, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C both in boys and girls. CONCLUSION Parental overweight was strongly associated with increased risk of MS in their offspring, the risk was highest in children with both parents to be overweight. Maternal overweight seems to have a stronger correlation with offspring MS than paternal overweight. Parental overweight is one of the factors for identifying metabolic dysfunction risk in their offspring and other factors need to be considered as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eitmann S, Németh D, Hegyi P, Szakács Z, Garami A, Balaskó M, Solymár M, Erőss B, Kovács E, Pétervári E. Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e13031. [PMID: 32567808 PMCID: PMC7503101 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's insulin sensitivity—following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement. Studies published in English before April 22, 2019, were identified through searches of four medical databases. After selection, 15 studies aiming to explore the association between prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) of non‐diabetic mothers and their offspring's insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin or glucose level and Homeostatic Measurement Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA‐IR]) were included in the meta‐analysis. Associations of ppBMI and GWG with offspring's insulin sensitivity were analysed by pooling regression coefficients or standardized differences in means with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Maternal ppBMI showed significant positive correlations with the level of both fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR in offspring (standardized regression coefficient for fasting insulin: 0.107, CI [0.053, 0.160], p < 0.001 and that for HOMA‐IR: 0.063, CI [0.006, 0.121], p = 0.031). However, the result of the analysis on coefficients adjusted for offspring's actual anthropometry (BMI and adiposity) was not significant. Independent from ppBMI, GWG tended to show a positive correlation with insulin level, but not after adjustment for offspring's anthropometry. Offspring of mothers with excessive GWG showed significantly higher HOMA‐IR than those of mothers with optimal GWG (p = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that both higher ppBMI and GWG increase the risk of offspring's insulin resistance, but the effect of ppBMI on insulin sensitivity in offspring may develop as consequence of their adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szimonetta Eitmann
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Németh
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kovács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bond TA, Karhunen V, Wielscher M, Auvinen J, Männikkö M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Gunter MJ, Felix JF, Prokopenko I, Yang J, Visscher PM, Evans DM, Sebert S, Lewin A, O’Reilly PF, Lawlor DA, Jarvelin MR. Exploring the role of genetic confounding in the association between maternal and offspring body mass index: evidence from three birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:233-243. [PMID: 31074781 PMCID: PMC7245052 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with offspring birth weight (BW) and BMI in childhood and adulthood. Each of these associations could be due to causal intrauterine effects, or confounding (genetic or environmental), or some combination of these. Here we estimate the extent to which the association between maternal BMI and offspring body size is explained by offspring genotype, as a first step towards establishing the importance of genetic confounding. METHODS We examined the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring BW and BMI at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, in three European birth cohorts (n ≤11 498). Bivariate Genomic-relatedness-based Restricted Maximum Likelihood implemented in the GCTA software (GCTA-GREML) was used to estimate the extent to which phenotypic covariance was explained by offspring genotype as captured by common imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We merged individual participant data from all cohorts, enabling calculation of pooled estimates. RESULTS Phenotypic covariance (equivalent here to Pearson's correlation coefficient) between maternal BMI and offspring phenotype was 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.17] for offspring BW, increasing to 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.31) for offspring 15 year BMI. Covariance explained by offspring genotype was negligible for BW [-0.04 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.01)], but increased to 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) at 15 years, which is equivalent to 43% (95% CI: 15%, 72%) of the phenotypic covariance. Sensitivity analyses using weight, BMI and ponderal index as the offspring phenotype at all ages showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Offspring genotype explains a substantial fraction of the covariance between maternal BMI and offspring adolescent BMI. This is consistent with a potentially important role for genetic confounding as a driver of the maternal BMI-offspring BMI association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Bond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Oulunkaari Health Center, Ii, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alex Lewin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul F O’Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu R, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wan Y, Gao X. Parental overweight and hypertension are associated with their children's blood pressure. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:35. [PMID: 31149019 PMCID: PMC6537379 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the association between parental factors (overweight, history of hypertension, and education level) and children’s blood pressure status. Further, we evaluated to what extent the potential association could be interpreted by children’s adiposity indices. Methods The current study included 3316 Chinese school students (1579 girls and 1737 boys, aged 6–14 years) and their parents. Parents reported information on their height, body weight, history of hypertension, and the highest education level. Trained medical staff measured children’s blood pressure, height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and percentage of body fat (PBF, assessed by bio-impedance method). Z-score of all three indices were calculated and used in the analysis. We used generalized linear model to evaluate the association between parental information and z-score of children’s blood pressure. Meditation analysis was used to evaluate the proportion contributed by z-score of children’s adiposity indices (BMI, WC, and PBF). Results We found that parental overweight and hypertension, but not parental education level, were significantly associated with children’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05 for all). Approximately 30.4–92.2% of the association between these two parental factors and children’s systolic blood pressure were mediated by children’s adiposity indices, and 22.3–55.6% for children’s diastolic blood pressure. The strongest meditative factor, among the three obesity indices, was children’s BMI z-score. Conclusions The association between parental factors and children’s blood pressure was mainly mediated by children’s adiposity indices. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0357-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renying Xu
- 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiquan Zhou
- 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Wan
- 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- 2Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perez-Escamilla R, Bermudez O, Buccini GS, Kumanyika S, Lutter CK, Monsivais P, Victora C. Nutrition disparities and the global burden of malnutrition. BMJ 2018; 361:k2252. [PMID: 29899012 PMCID: PMC5996967 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
17
|
Vitral GLN, Aguiar RAPL, de Souza IMF, Rego MAS, Guimarães RN, Reis ZSN. Skin thickness as a potential marker of gestational age at birth despite different fetal growth profiles: A feasibility study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196542. [PMID: 29698511 PMCID: PMC5919437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New methodologies to estimate gestational age (GA) at birth are demanded to face the limited access to obstetric ultrasonography and imprecision of postnatal scores. The study analyzed the correlation between neonatal skin thickness and pregnancy duration. Secondarily, it investigated the influence of fetal growth profiles on tissue layer dimensions. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a feasibility study, 222 infants selected at a term-to-preterm ratio of 1:1 were assessed. Reliable information on GA was based on the early ultrasonography-based reference. The thicknesses of the epidermal and dermal skin layers were examined using high-frequency ultrasonography. We scanned the skin over the forearm and foot plantar surface of the newborns. A multivariate regression model was adjusted to determine the correlation of GA with skin layer dimensions. The best model to correlate skin thickness with GA was fitted using the epidermal layer on the forearm site, adjusted to cofactors, as follows: Gestational age (weeks) = -28.0 + 12.8 Ln (Thickness) - 4.4 Incubator staying; R2 = 0.604 (P<0.001). In this model, the constant value for the standard of fetal growth was statistically null. The dermal layer thickness on the forearm and plantar surfaces had a negative moderate linear correlation with GA (R = -0.370, P<0.001 and R = -0.421, P<0.001, respectively). The univariate statistical analyses revealed the influence of underweight and overweight profiles on neonatal skin thickness at birth. Of the 222 infants, 53 (23.9%) had inappropriate fetal growths expected for their GA. Epidermal thickness was not fetal growth standard dependent as follows: 172.2 (19.8) μm for adequate for GA, 171.4 (20.6) μm for SGA, and 177.7 (15.2) μm for LGA (P = 0.525, mean [SD] on the forearm). CONCLUSIONS The analysis highlights a new opportunity to relate GA at birth to neonatal skin layer thickness. As this parameter was not influenced by the standard of fetal growth, skin maturity can contribute to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Luiza Nogueira Vitral
- Postgraduation Program of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina Amélia P. Lopes Aguiar
- Postgraduation Program of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Michelle Fonseca de Souza
- Postgraduation Program of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Albertina Santiago Rego
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodney Nascimento Guimarães
- Postgraduation Program of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zilma Silveira Nogueira Reis
- Postgraduation Program of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Intrauterine growth restriction combined with a maternal high-fat diet increased adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult rat offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:315-328. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal exposure to a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) independently increase the risk of developing obesity in adulthood. Excess glucocorticoids increase obesity. We hypothesized that surgically induced IUGR combined with an HFD would increase adiposity and glucocorticoids more than in non-IUGR offspring combined with the same HFD, findings that would persist despite weaning to a regular diet. Non-IUGR (N) and IUGR (I) rat offspring from dams fed either regular rat chow (R) or an HFD (H) were weaned to either a regular rat chow or an HFD. For non-IUGR and IUGR rats, this study design resulted in three diet groups: offspring from dams fed a regular diet and weaned to a regular diet (NRR and IRR), offspring rats from dams fed an HFD and weaned to a regular diet (NHR and IHR) and offspring from dams fed an HFD and weaned to an HFD (NHH and IHH). Magnetic resonance imaging or fasting visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue collection occurred at postnatal day 60. IHH male rats had greater adiposity than NHH males, findings that were only partly normalized by weaning to a regular chow. IHH male rats had a 10-fold increase in serum corticosterone levels. IHH female rats had increased adiposity and serum triglycerides. We conclude that IUGR combined with an HFD throughout life increased adiposity, glucocorticoids and triglycerides in a sex-specific manner. Our data suggest that one mechanism through which the perinatal environment programs increased adiposity in IHH male rats may be via increased systemic glucocorticoids.
Collapse
|
19
|
Campbell JM, McPherson NO. The association between paternal body mass index, pregnancy success and child health outcomes: a systematic review protocol. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2018; 16:46-49. [PMID: 29324555 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION The objective of this review is to investigate the association between paternal body mass index (BMI) (particularly elevated paternal BMI) and complications of conception and pregnancy as well as neonatal and childhood health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole O McPherson
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Partap U, Young EH, Allotey P, Sandhu MS, Reidpath DD. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in parents and child obesity in Segamat, Malaysia. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1523-1532. [PMID: 29106558 PMCID: PMC5837730 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is little evidence regarding risk factors for child obesity in Asian populations, including the role of parental anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors. We examined the relation between parental risk factors and child obesity in a Malaysian population. Methods We used data from health and demographic surveillance conducted by the South East Asia Community Observatory in Segamat, Malaysia. Analyses included 9207 individuals (4806 children, 2570 mothers and 1831 fathers). Child obesity was defined based on the World Health Organization 2007 reference. We assessed the relation between parental anthropometric (overweight, obesity and central obesity) and cardiometabolic (systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and hyperglycaemia) risk factors and child obesity, using mixed effects Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Results We found a high burden of overweight and obesity among children in this population (30% overweight or obese). Children of one or more obese parents had a 2-fold greater risk of being obese compared with children of non-obese parents. Sequential adjustment for parental and child characteristics did not materially affect estimates (fully adjusted relative risk for obesity in both parents: 2.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.82, 3.10, P < 0.001; P for trend < 0.001). These associations were not modified by parental or child sex. We found no consistent evidence for associations between parental cardiometabolic risk factors and child obesity. Conclusions Parental obesity was strongly associated with child obesity in this population. Further exploration of the behavioural and environmental drivers of these associations may help inform strategies addressing child obesity in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Partap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Pascale Allotey
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zalbahar N, Najman J, McIntyre HD, Mamun A. Parental pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of offspring weight and body mass index change from childhood to adulthood. Clin Obes 2017; 7:206-215. [PMID: 28557382 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of parental pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) on offspring weight and BMI change from childhood to adulthood. We analysed BMI data from a subsample of parents (n = 1494) from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort that started in the early 1980s in Brisbane, Australia: data were collected at pre-pregnancy and then also for offspring at 5, 14 and 21-year follow-ups. Multiple regression for continuous outcomes and multinomial regression for categorical outcomes were performed. A total of 14.7% of offspring experienced BMI change from normal at 5 years to overweight or obese (OW/OB) at 14 years, 15.3% of normal at 14 years to OW/OB at 21 years and 22.8% from normal at 5 years to OW/OB at 21 years. Overall, the strength of the association of parental BMI with offspring BMI was stronger as offspring become older. Pre-pregnancy parental BMI differentially impacts offspring OW/OB across the life course. For every unit increase in paternal and maternal BMI z-score, offspring BMI z-score increased, on average, by between 0.15% (kg m-2 ) and 0.24% (kg m-2 ) throughout all three stages of life when both parents were OW/OB; these associations were stronger than with one parent. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI and OW/OB is a strong predictor of offspring weight and BMI change from early life to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Zalbahar
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - J Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H D McIntyre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lecomte V, Maloney CA, Wang KW, Morris MJ. Effects of paternal obesity on growth and adiposity of male rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E117-E125. [PMID: 27965204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00262.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that paternal obesity plays an important role in offspring health. Our previous work using a rodent model of diet-induced paternal obesity showed that female offspring from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed fathers develop glucose intolerance due to impairment of pancreatic insulin secretion. Here, we focused on the health outcomes of male offspring from HFD-fed fathers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 wk old) were fed control (CD-F0) or HFD (HFD-F0) for 12 wk before mating with control-fed females. Male offspring were fed control diets for up to 8 wk or 6 mo. Although male offspring from HFD-F0 did not develop any obvious glucose metabolism defects in this study, surprisingly, a growth deficit phenotype was observed from birth to 6 mo of age. Male offspring from HFD-F0 had reduced birth weight compared with CD-F0, followed by reduced postweaning growth from 9 wk of age. This resulted in 10% reduction in body weight at 6 mo with significantly smaller fat pads and skeletal muscles. Reduced circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I were detected at 8 wk and 6 mo, respectively. Expression of adipogenesis markers was decreased in adipose tissue of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 wk and 6 mo, and expression of growth markers was decreased in muscle of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 wk. We propose that the reduced GH secretion at 8 wk of age altered the growth of male offspring from HFD-F0, resulting in smaller animals from 9 wk to 6 mo of age. Furthermore, increased muscle triglyceride content and expression of lipogenic genes were observed in HFD-F0 offspring, potentially increasing their metabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher A Maloney
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy W Wang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baxi R, Vasan SK, Hansdak S, Samuel P, Jeyaseelan V, Geethanjali FS, Murray RR, Venkatesan P, Thomas N. Parental determinants of metabolic syndrome among adolescent Asian Indians: A cross-sectional analysis of parent-offspring trios. J Diabetes 2016; 8:494-501. [PMID: 26040846 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parental metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of MS and associated abnormalities in adolescent offspring. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 304 adolescents (12-16 years; 236 children with at least one parent and 124 father-mother-child trios) recruited from four schools representing different socioeconomic strata from Vellore, India. Anthropometric data was collected and blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of MS in adolescent offspring, fathers, and mothers was 3.3%, 52.5%, and 48.7% respectively. The most commonly observed metabolic abnormality among adolescents was lower high-density lipoprotein. Maternal waist circumference (WC) was strongly correlated with adolescent body mass index (P = 0.007), WC (P < 0.001), serum triglycerides (P = 0.02), and systolic (P = 0.005) and diastolic (P = 0.01) blood pressure. Maternal MS status was significantly associated with a greater risk of central obesity (WC odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.17) in offspring. Both parents having MS conferred a significant effect on the child's WC (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.72-2.07) and increased risk of MS (OR 6.19; 95% CI 1.64-23.26). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the possible heritable parental components that may contribute to the MS phenotype in offspring: MS in adolescent offspring is related to parental MS status, and maternal traits reflect offspring adiposity and metabolic traits more strongly than paternal factors. Therefore, adolescent children of parents with MS should be targets for primordial prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Baxi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Senthil K Vasan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Samuel Hansdak
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prasanna Samuel
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Visali Jeyaseelan
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Ruth R Murray
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Padmanaban Venkatesan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Devakumar D, Grijalva-Eternod C, Cortina-Borja M, Williams J, Fewtrell M, Wells J. Disentangling the associations between parental BMI and offspring body composition using the four-component model. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:524-33. [PMID: 26848813 PMCID: PMC4957621 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study sets out to investigate the intergenerational associations between the body mass index (BMI) of parents and the body composition of their offspring. Methods The cross‐sectional data were analyzed for 511 parent–offspring trios from London and south‐east England. The offspring were aged 5–21 years. Parental BMI was obtained by recall and offspring fat mass and lean mass were obtained using the four‐component model. Multivariable regression analysis, with multiple imputation for missing paternal values was used. Sensitivity analyses for levels of non‐paternity were conducted. Results A positive association was seen between parental BMI and offspring BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and lean mass index (LMI). The mother's BMI was positively associated with the BMI, FMI, and LMI z‐scores of both daughters and sons and of a similar magnitude for both sexes. The father's BMI showed similar associations to the mother's BMI, with his son's BMI, FMI, and LMI z‐scores, but no association with his daughter. Sensitivity tests for non‐paternity showed that maternal coefficients remained greater than paternal coefficients throughout but there was no statistical difference at greater levels of non‐paternity. Conclusions We found variable associations between parental BMI and offspring body composition. Associations were generally stronger for maternal than paternal BMI, and paternal associations appeared to differ between sons and daughters. In this cohort, the mother's BMI was statistically significantly associated with her child's body composition but the father's BMI was only associated with the body composition of his sons. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:524–533, 2016. © 2016 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delan Devakumar
- UCL Institute for Global Health, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and Biostatistics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Williams
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maftei O, Whitrow MJ, Davies MJ, Giles LC, Owens JA, Moore VM. Maternal body size prior to pregnancy, gestational diabetes and weight gain: associations with insulin resistance in children at 9-10 years. Diabet Med 2015; 32:174-80. [PMID: 25407383 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether maternal body size pre-pregnancy, gestational diabetes and weight gain are independently associated with subsequent insulin resistance in children; and to examine the potential mediating role of child's body size in any associations. METHODS At 9-10 years, 443 children took part in a follow-up of a prospective cohort. Of those, 163 children elected to provide a fasting blood sample and child insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Generalized linear models with log link function and Gaussian family were used to assess associations with antenatal exposures. Potential confounders were considered as well as the role of the child's size. RESULTS Prior to pregnancy, 23% of mothers were overweight and another 17% obese. All women were screened for gestational diabetes, with 6% diagnosed. On average, women gained an estimated 14 kg during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes was positively associated with child insulin resistance. In addition, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was associated with child insulin resistance in a non-linear manner: a positive, progressive association was observed until BMI of 30 kg/m² was reached, but not thereafter. Estimated gestational weight gain was not associated with child insulin resistance. These findings were not accounted for by size of the child at birth or at 9-10 years. CONCLUSIONS Maternal body size prior to pregnancy is positively associated with increases in child insulin resistance, at least until the 'obese' category is reached. This is independent of gestational diabetes and not mediated by body size of the child, suggesting genetic and/or developmental programming origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Maftei
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nielsen LA, Nielsen TRH, Holm JC. The Impact of Familial Predisposition to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease on Childhood Obesity. Obes Facts 2015; 8:319-28. [PMID: 26465142 PMCID: PMC5644828 DOI: 10.1159/000441375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has reached alarming rates world-wide. The aetiology seems to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and a surrogate measure of this complex interaction is suggested as familial predisposition. Familial predisposition to obesity and related cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute the presence of obesity and/or obesity-related complications in primarily blood-related family members. The approaches of its measurement and applicability vary, and the evidence especially of its influence on obesity and obesity treatment in childhood is limited. Studies have linked a familial predisposition of obesity, CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and thromboembolic events), and type 2 diabetes mellitus to BMI as well as other adiposity measures in children, suggesting degrees of familial aggregation of metabolic derangements. A pattern of predispositions arising from mothers, parents or grandparents as being most influential have been found, but further comprehensive studies are needed in order to specify the exact implications of familial predisposition. In the scope of childhood obesity this article reviews the current literature regarding familial predisposition to obesity and obesity-related complications, and how these familial predispositions may impact obesity in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Aas Nielsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- *Louise Aas Nielsen, MS., The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark,
| | - Tenna Ruest Haarmark Nielsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, Pisarchyk L, Pérez-Luque EL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Whole-body and hepatic insulin resistance in obese children. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113576. [PMID: 25411786 PMCID: PMC4239088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance may be assessed as whole body or hepatic. Objective To study factors associated with both types of insulin resistance. Methods Cross-sectional study of 182 obese children. Somatometric measurements were registered, and the following three adiposity indexes were compared: BMI, waist-to-height ratio and visceral adiposity. Whole-body insulin resistance was evaluated using HOMA-IR, with 2.5 as the cut-off point. Hepatic insulin resistance was considered for IGFBP-1 level quartiles 1 to 3 (<6.67 ng/ml). We determined metabolite and hormone levels and performed a liver ultrasound. Results The majority, 73.1%, of obese children had whole-body insulin resistance and hepatic insulin resistance, while 7% did not have either type. HOMA-IR was negatively associated with IGFBP-1 and positively associated with BMI, triglycerides, leptin and mother's BMI. Girls had increased HOMA-IR. IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with waist-to-height ratio, age, leptin, HOMA-IR and IGF-I. We did not find HOMA-IR or IGFBP-1 associated with fatty liver. Conclusion In school-aged children, BMI is the best metric to predict whole-body insulin resistance, and waist-to-height ratio is the best predictor of hepatic insulin resistance, indicating that central obesity is important for hepatic insulin resistance. The reciprocal negative association of IGFBP-1 and HOMA-IR may represent a strong interaction of the physiological processes of both whole-body and hepatic insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liudmila Pisarchyk
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Elva Leticia Pérez-Luque
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Ma. Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, León Guanajuato, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, León Guanajuato, México
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dhurandhar EJ, Keith SW. The aetiology of obesity beyond eating more and exercising less. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:533-44. [PMID: 25194173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although recent increases in availability of energy dense, processed foods and reductions in institutionally driven physical activity have created an environment that is permissible for obesity to occur, several other factors may contribute to the development of obesity in this context. We review evidence for eleven such factors: endocrine disruptors, intrauterine effects, epigenetics, maternal age, differential fecundity and assortative mating by body mass index, microorganisms, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, smoking cessation, sleep debt, and pharmaceutical iatrogenesis. Evidence for the role of endocrine disruptors, microorganisms, ambient temperatures, sleep and reproductive factors is accumulating, but additional research is needed to confirm the causative role of these factors in human obesity. However, the role of certain pharmaceuticals and smoking cessation in development of human obesity is clear. Practice points for consideration and future research needed are highlighted for each factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Dhurandhar
- Department of Health Behavior, Office of Energetics, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 227J, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - Scott W Keith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut St., Suite M100, Phildelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Making nutrition work for development. Public Health Nutr 2013; 16:1529-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|