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Parthasarathy N, Ranjit N, Chuang RJ, Markham C, Pomeroy M, Noyola J, Ernest DK, Sharma SV. Changes in unhealthy food consumption among vulnerable elementary-aged children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial cross-sectional analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1468767. [PMID: 39385782 PMCID: PMC11463149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1468767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Several studies suggest that during the early pandemic, amidst socioeconomic instability, children from underserved families were more likely to resort to consuming cheaper, lower-quality foods with longer shelf lives. This study investigated the change in unhealthy food consumption across different phases (pre, early, mid) of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the strength of association between unhealthy food consumption and household socioeconomic disadvantage (HSED) varied across phases of the pandemic. Methods This study utilized serial cross-sectional data collected from low-income families enrolled in a school-based food co-op, Brighter Bites. Secondary data analysis included 5,384 surveys from families who had complete data: 3422 pre-pandemic, 944 from the early pandemic, and 1,018 mid-pandemic. Outcome measures included sugary food intake and convenience/fast food intake, each of which was operationalized as a scale using pre-validated items from the surveys. HSED was operationalized as a composite of parent employment, parent education, food insecurity, and participation in government programs; responses were categorized into low, medium, and high HSED groups for analysis. We examined the interaction between HSED and time period to explore how HSED and its association with dietary measures changed over the course of the pandemic. Results A significant linear negative trend, i.e., a decrease in consumption from pre-to-mid-pandemic period was seen in sugary food intake (p < 0.001), but not in convenience food intake. In data pooled across time-periods, both sugary food and convenience/fast food consumption were inversely associated with HSED, and low unhealthy food consumption was observed among high-disadvantage groups. No significant interaction between time period and HSED was observed on either scale. However, the post-regression estimates from the adjusted interaction model showed a significant association between convenience/fast food consumption and HSED in pre- and mid-pandemic periods. Conclusion The study highlights the nuances of socioeconomic dynamics on the diet behaviors of children from low-income families during a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Parthasarathy
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ru-Jye Chuang
- Center for Health Equity, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Deepali K. Ernest
- Center for Health Equity, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shreela V. Sharma
- Center for Health Equity, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
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Ardakani A, Monroe-Lord L, Wakefield D, Castor C. Enhancing dietary adherence among African-American adolescents: the role of parenting styles and food-related practices. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1254338. [PMID: 38784128 PMCID: PMC11111846 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1254338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenting styles (PSs) and food-related parenting practices (FPPs) play a crucial role in shaping adolescent eating behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the different PSs and FPPs of African-American families and the frequency of consumption of MyPlate food items by adolescents based on recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted using Qualtrics through an online survey of 211 African-American parents and their adolescents aged 10-17-year-old. Adolescents completed the Youth and Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess their dietary behavior, while parents filled out the survey to identify the degree of PSs (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, setting rules, and neglecting) and FPPs (i.e., monitoring, reasoning, copying, and modeling). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and stepwise logistic regression were performed to determine the answers to the research questions. Results For fruit consumption, authoritative parenting significantly reduced the likelihood of adherence to DGA, while authoritarian, monitoring, and reasoning practices increased it. Female adolescents were more likely to meet fruit intake recommendations, with a similar positive impact observed for those whose parents had above high school education. In vegetable intake, authoritarian and monitoring practices positively impact on adherence to DGA, whereas setting rules had a detrimental impact. Being in a married household also increased vegetable intake DGA adherence. For grain consumption, reasoning was a significant positive predictor, while setting rules negatively impacted adherence. Dairy DGA adherence was positively impacted by monitoring and copying practices, but negatively impacted by female gender. Protein intake showed a positive association with reasoning and parental education. Discussion Our findings confirm the importance of parenting in developing desired eating behaviors among African-American adolescents. The results of this study can be used to develop culture-based nutritional education programs for parents and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ardakani
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dorothy Wakefield
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chimene Castor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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Haug E, Smith ORF, Ng K, Samdal O, Marques A, Borraccino A, Kopcakova J, Oja L, Fismen AS. Family structure and the association with physical activity-Findings from 40 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300188. [PMID: 38630701 PMCID: PMC11023480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family has been acknowledged as central to developing physical activity (PA) beliefs and behaviours. However, increased diversity in family structures has developed over the last decades. This study examines the association between family structure and PA among adolescents and cross-national variations in the associations. METHODS The data are from the 2013/14 Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children study, involving nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds (n = 211,798) from 40 countries. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the associations between family structure and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) by age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic region. RESULTS Living with one versus two parents was associated with a reduced likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA for boys (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) and ≥ 4 times/week VPA (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.95). This impact on MVPA differed across individual-level SES (high SES; IRR = 0.92, (p <0.05), low SES; IRR = 1.04, (ns)), and was for VPA only significant for those with siblings (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96). Cross-country variations in the association between living with one versus two parents were observed, most pronounced for VPA. These differences varied by region, primarily explained by country-level SES differences between regions. The likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA also increased with siblings in the main house (IRR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14), and ≥ 4 times/week VPA decreased with grandparents in the main house (IRR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89,0.94). CONCLUSIONS Family structure correlated with PA, but cross-country differences exist. The findings are relevant for the development of policies and programs to facilitate PA, especially in countries where living with one versus two parents was unfavourable. Additional country-specific research is needed to identify challenges for engaging in PA related to family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto Robert Frans Smith
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kwok Ng
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Leila Oja
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonia
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien, Bergen, Norway
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Moor I, Herke M, Markert J, Böhm M, Reiß F, Bilz L, Sudeck G, Winter K. Trends in health inequalities in childhood and adolescence in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2009/10 - 2022. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2024; 9:79-98. [PMID: 38559681 PMCID: PMC10977468 DOI: 10.25646/11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Many studies have identified health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, it is unclear how these have developed in recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Analyses are based on the German data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2009/10 (n = 5,005), 2013/14 (n = 5,961), 2017/18 (n = 4,347), and 2022 (n = 6,475). A total of 21,788 students aged approximately between 11 and 15 years were included. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Several health indicators were analysed stratified by gender using bivariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results In 2022, there are clear socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction, self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. These inequalities remained largely constant or increased between 2009/10 and 2022. Between 2017/18 and 2022, no significant changes in inequalities were found. Conclusions Health inequalities are persistent and reduce the chances of growing up healthy. There is no evidence that inequalities in the analysed outcomes have changed during the pandemic period (between 2017/18 and 2022). Rather, the changes in the health indicators seem to affect all adolescents in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Moor
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences (PZG), Institute of Medical Sociology
| | - Max Herke
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences (PZG), Institute of Medical Sociology
| | - Jenny Markert
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences (PZG), Institute of Medical Sociology
| | - Marie Böhm
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences (PZG), Institute of Medical Sociology
| | - Franziska Reiß
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Child Public Health Research Section
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Institute of Health
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute of Sports Science
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity
| | - Kristina Winter
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences (PZG), Institute of Medical Sociology
- Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Social Medicine, Rehabilitation, Sciences and Health Services Research
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Gautam N, Dessie G, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228632. [PMID: 37915814 PMCID: PMC10616829 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behaviors is not yet fully understood. This literature review, therefore, aims to assess the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines were used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search published articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appeal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibility criteria such as study context, study participants, study setting, outcome measures, and key findings were used to identify relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Out of 2,391 studies, only 46 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this study. Our review found that children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status face an elevated risk of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., early initiation of smoking, high-energy-dense food, low physical activity, and involvement in drug abuse), in contrast to their counterparts. Conversely, children and adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit a higher prevalence of health-promoting behaviors, such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, dairy products, regular breakfast, adherence to a nutritious diet, and engagement in an active lifestyle. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of implementing specific intervention measures aimed at providing assistance to families from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to mitigate the substantial disparities in health behavior outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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6
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Stahlmann K, Lissner L, Bogl LH, Mehlig K, Kaprio J, Klosowska JC, Moreno LA, Veidebaum T, Solea A, Molnár D, Lauria F, Börnhorst C, Wolters M, Hebestreit A, Hunsberger M. Family structure in relation to body mass index and metabolic score in European children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12963. [PMID: 35950257 PMCID: PMC9786348 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in single parent and blended families or as an only child-compared to living in two-parent biological families or with siblings, respectively-is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) in cross-sectional studies. However, longitudinal research addressing the children's BMI in this context is scarce. Further, little is known about the association between family structure and metabolic health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating the association between both aspects of family structure with BMI and a metabolic score (MetS). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 7804 children participating in the European multi-center I.Family study (2013/2014) and longitudinal data from 5621 children who also participated previously in the IDEFICS study (2007-2010) were used. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview. BMI z-score and the MetS were based on measured anthropometry, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and triglycerides. Linear regressions were performed to model associations between family structure with BMI and MetS. RESULTS Children from single-parent families had higher BMI z-scores in the cross-sectional (β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001 to 0.18) and longitudinal analyses compared to those from two-parent families. Cross-sectionally, the number of siblings was associated with lower BMI z-scores (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.03) and lower MetS (β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.01). Longitudinally, only children between baseline and follow-up had higher BMI z-scores at follow-up (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.14) compared to stable siblings. CONCLUSION Obesity prevention measures should focus on single-parent households and families with an only child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stahlmann
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden,Institute of Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Leonie H. Bogl
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMMUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMMUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza Instituto Agroalimenatario de Aragón (IA2)Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de AragónZaragozaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinEstonia
| | - Antonia Solea
- Research and Education Institute of Child HealthStrovolosCyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food SciencesNational Research CouncilAvellinoItaly
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany,Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological ResearchLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany,Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological ResearchLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
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Schmengler H, Peeters M, Stevens GWJM, Kunst AE, Delaruelle K, Dierckens M, Charrier L, Weinberg D, Oldehinkel AJ, Vollebergh WAM. Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health behaviours across 32 different countries - The role of country-level social mobility. Soc Sci Med 2022; 310:115289. [PMID: 35994878 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Higher family affluence is associated with healthier behaviours in adolescents, but the strength of this association varies across countries. Differences in social mobility at the country-level, i.e. the extent to which adolescents develop a different socioeconomic status (SES) than their parents, may partially explain why the association between family affluence and adolescent health behaviours is stronger in some countries than in others. Using data from adolescents aged 11-15 years from 32 countries, participating in the 2017/2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study (N = 185,086), we employed multilevel regression models with cross-level interactions to examine whether country-level social mobility moderates the association between family affluence and adolescent health behaviours (i.e. moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, vigorous physical activity, healthy and unhealthy foods consumption, having breakfast regularly, and weekly smoking). Higher family affluence was more strongly associated with higher levels of adolescent physical activity in countries characterized by high levels of social mobility. No cross-level interactions were found for any of the other health behaviours. Differences in social mobility at the country-level may contribute to cross-national variations in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent physical activity. Further research can shed light on the mechanisms linking country-level social mobility to inequalities in adolescent physical activity to identify targets for policy and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schmengler
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Margot Peeters
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gonneke W J M Stevens
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Delaruelle
- Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Hedera, Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxim Dierckens
- Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dom Weinberg
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Family Structure through the Adolescent Eyes: A Comparative Study of Current Status and Time Trends over Three Decades of HBSC Study. SOCIETIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soc12030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how family structure varies and identify its time trends in European and North American countries using data from seven surveys conducted between 1994 and 2018 according to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The current family structure in 44 countries was described and time trend analysis of 28 countries was performed. Adolescents were asked whom they lived with in their home to describe family structures. Family structures showed distinct patterns and dynamics between countries. In 2018, in all countries, 73% of adolescents lived with both their mother and father; 14% and 5% of adolescents lived in a single-parent family and stepfamily, respectively; and around 9% of adolescents lived in another family type. In the period 1994–2018, the proportion of young people living in intact families decreased from 79.6% to 70.0%, on average about 10 percentage points. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of single-parent families and stepfamilies, but a significant increase in the number of adolescents living without either parent was revealed. The findings have implications for cross-national adjustment of adolescent health, well-being, and behaviours, and for critical analysis of socioeconomic family resources.
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Risk Behaviors, Family Support, and Emotional Health among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073850. [PMID: 35409535 PMCID: PMC8997377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of risk behaviors among Israeli adolescents (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between different risk behaviors were examined and so was whether specific characteristics could predict risk behaviors in adolescents. The study consisted of 1020 Israeli adolescents aged 15-18. Study subjects completed an online survey between the first and second lockdowns in Israel (April 2020 to September 2020). Participants reported the frequency at which they engaged in four different risky behaviors: general risky behavior, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption (binge drinking), and cannabis use. The most prevalent risky behavior in the sample was binge drinking (33.8%). The four measured risky behaviors were significantly correlated. Among participants who had previously engaged in a risky behavior assessed, most did not change the behavior frequency during the pandemic. All independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, family support, and emotional, health excluding friends' support, physical activity volume, and coronavirus restrictions) were significantly different between participants engaging vs. not engaging in risky behaviors. Our findings suggest that family support is one of the most influential factors in preventing risky behavior during the pandemic, and they emphasize the importance of family-based interventions with children and adolescents from elementary to high school.
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10
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Identifying Cardiovascular Risk Profiles Clusters among Mediterranean Adolescents across Seven Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020268. [PMID: 35206882 PMCID: PMC8872068 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally and are partially due to the inability to control modifiable lifestyle risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of adolescents from seven Mediterranean countries (Greece, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Spain) according to their modifiable lifestyle risk factors for CVD (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption). The sample consisted of 26,110 adolescents (52.3% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018 across the seven countries. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, country of residence, socioeconomic status) and CVD modifiable lifestyle risk factors (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) were recorded. A two-step cluster analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were performed. Four different cluster groups were identified: two low-risk groups (64.46%), with risk among those with low physical activity levels; moderate-risk group (14.83%), with two risk factors (unhealthy weight and low physical activity level); and a high-risk group (20.7%), which presented risk in all modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Older adolescents reported a higher likelihood of being in the high-risk group. Given that the adolescence period constitutes an important time for interventions aimed at CVD prevention, identifying profiles of moderate- and high-risk adolescents is crucial.
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Chatelan A, Rouche M, Dzielska A, Lebacq T, Fismen AS, Kelly C, Zaborskis A, Kopcakova J, Tsareva A, Kalman M, Castetbon K. Time trends in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and related socioeconomic differences among adolescents in Eastern Europe: signs of a nutrition transition? Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1476-1485. [PMID: 34086855 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to detrimental cardio-metabolic indicators in youth. Monitoring of SSB consumption is lacking in Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES We assessed trends in the prevalence of adolescent daily consumption of SSBs in 14 Eastern European countries between 2002 and 2018, both overall and according to family material affluence. METHODS We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 data of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school-based study (repeated cross-sectional). Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were included (n = 325,184; 51.2% girls). Adolescents completed a standardized questionnaire, including a question on SSB consumption frequency. We categorized adolescents into 3 socioeconomic groups based on the relative Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Adjusted prevalences of daily SSB consumption by survey year, as well as country-level time trends between 2002 and 2018, were computed using multilevel logistic models (overall and by FAS groups). RESULTS In 2018, the prevalence of adolescents consuming SSBs every day varied considerably between countries (range, 5.1%-28.1%). Between 2002 and 2018, the prevalence of daily SSB consumption declined in 10/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). The largest reductions were observed in Slovenia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50) and the Russian Federation (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.64-0.70). Daily SSB consumption was reduced at faster rates among the most affluent adolescents (who were larger consumers in 2002) than in the least affluent adolescents in 11/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). Thus, differences between FAS groups narrowed over time or even reversed, leading to larger proportions of daily consumers in the least affluent adolescents in 2018 in 5/14 countries (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent daily consumption of SSBs decreased between 2002 and 2018 in most Eastern European countries. Declines were larger among higher-affluence adolescents. These results are useful to evaluate and plan interventions promoting healthy childhood diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Rouche
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thérésa Lebacq
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion, and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colette Kelly
- School of Health Sciences, Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Apolinaras Zaborskis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Tsareva
- Division of Physical Rehabilitation and Health-Improving Technologies, Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Katia Castetbon
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Wadolowska L, Kostecka M, Kowalkowska J, Jeruszka-Bielak M, Tomaszewska M, Danielewicz A, Hamulka J. Sustainability of a Multi-Component Education Program (ABC of Healthy Eating) after Three Months and Nine Months: The Socioeconomic Context in Improving Nutrition Knowledge in Polish Teenagers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051661. [PMID: 34068863 PMCID: PMC8153617 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of a multi-component education (ABC-HEat) program related to healthy nutrition and lifestyle after three months and nine months and to assess the socioeconomic context in improving teenage nutrition knowledge. The study was designed as a clustered, controlled, education-based intervention. A sample was chosen and allocated into either an educated group (under intervention) or a control group (outside of intervention). The study covered 464 11–12-year-old students (educated/control 319/145). In the educated group, data were collected three times: before education, after three months and after nine months to measure the short- and the long-term effects of education, respectively. In the control group, data were collected in parallel. Changes in nutrition knowledge score (NKS, points) by sex, residence, family affluence scale (FAS) were the main outcome measures. The increase in the NKS was significantly higher in the educated group than in the control group—three months after education on average by 1.4 to 2.7 points (all p < 0.001) in the total sample and all subgroups, and nine months after education in rural residents by 2.2 points (p < 0.001) and in the total sample by 0.4 (p < 0.05). In the educated group, the chance of no increase in the NKS was higher in urban than rural residents after three months and nine months (adjusted odds ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]: 3.63, 1.80–7.31 and 2.99, 1.60–5.59, respectively, both p < 0.001) using the increase in the NKS by ≥4 points as a reference. The multi-component education program improved the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in the short term regardless of socioeconomic variables, but in the long term this effect was visible only in rural residents. It suggests that a special path of nutrition education addressed to urban teens may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Malgorzata Kostecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-456-846
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-B.); (J.H.)
| | - Marzena Tomaszewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-B.); (J.H.)
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