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Rezaul Islam M, Akash S, Murshedul Islam M, Sarkar N, Kumer A, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Ahmed Al-Shaeri M, Anwar Y, Wilairatana P, Rauf A, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Khan H. Alkaloids as drug leads in Alzheimer's treatment: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148886. [PMID: 38582413 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood-brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Murshedul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- State Disease Investigation Laboratory, ARDD, Abhoynagar, Agartala, West Tripura, Pin-799005, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan.
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Arjmandi-Rad S, Vestergaard Nieland JD, Goozee KG, Vaseghi S. The effects of different acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on EEG patterns in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:417-430. [PMID: 37843690 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia. The early diagnosis of AD is an important factor for the control of AD progression. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used for early diagnosis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are also used for the amelioration of AD symptoms. In this systematic review, we reviewed the effect of different AChEIs including donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, physostigmine, and galantamine on EEG patterns in patients with AD. METHODS PubMed electronic database was searched and 122 articles were found. After removal of unrelated articles, 24 articles were selected for the present study. RESULTS AChEIs can decrease beta, theta, and delta frequency bands in patients with AD. However, conflicting results were found for alpha band. Some studies have shown increased alpha frequency, while others have shown decreased alpha frequency following treatment with AChEIs. The only difference was the type of drug. CONCLUSIONS We found that studies reporting the decreased alpha frequency used donepezil and galantamine, while studies reporting the increased alpha frequency used rivastigmine and tacrine. It was suggested that future studies should focus on the effect of different AChEIs on EEG bands, especially alpha frequency in patients with AD, to compare their effects and find the reason for their different influence on EEG patterns. Also, differences between the effects of AChEIs on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination may be another important factor. This is the first article investigating the effect of different AChEIs on EEG patterns in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kathryn G Goozee
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases Pty Ltd, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Castillo Ordoñez WO, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, Alves LB, Giuliatti S. Epigenetic regulation exerted by Caliphruria subedentata and galantamine: an in vitro and in silico approach for mimic Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37814967 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2261034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
At the interface between genes and environment, epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, regulate neurogenic processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of neural stem cells. However, these mechanisms are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition that mainly affects older adults. Since epigenetic mechanisms are known to be reversible, a number of molecules from natural sources are being studied as epigenetic regulators in AD. Recently, in vitro and in silico studies have shown that C. subedentata and its alkaloids modulated neurotoxicity. However, studies exploring the epigenetic activity of these alkaloids are limited. We conducted a set of bioassays to evaluate neuronal differentiation and the sensitivity of undifferentiated SH-SY5 cells against a neurotoxic stimulus. In addition, we analyzed the methylation profiles in genes such as APP, PSI, and BACE1 due to their role in amyloid processing. Docking and molecular dynamic analysis were used to explore the effect exerted by C. subedentata alkaloids on the regulation of histone deacetylases (HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC7). The results demonstrated that C. subedentata and galantamine induce neuronal differentiation and protect the undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. The methylation profiles of the studied genes show no statistically significant differences between C. subedentata, galantamine. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, since small changes in methylation promoters in the brain could not be easily detected. Results from in silico approaches describe for the first time the potential promissing epigenetic effects of galantamine by regulating HDAC3 and HDAC7 modification.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Orlando Castillo Ordoñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Aristizabal-Pachon
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Levy Bueno Alves
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
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Letsinger AC, Nacer SA, Stevanovic KD, Larson GJ, DeFilipp JS, Cushman JD, Yakel JL. Genetic deletion of α7 nAChRs reduces hippocampal granule and pyramidal cell number in both sexes but impairs pattern separation in males only. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244118. [PMID: 37746145 PMCID: PMC10513752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus is thought to play an important role in cognitive processes such as reversal learning and pattern separation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is expressed early in newly formed granule cells of the dentate gyrus, though its role in neurogenesis and related cognitive function is not fully understood. Methods To better characterize relevant function of α7 nAChRs, we performed unbiased stereology to quantify hippocampal granule cells, pyramidal cells, and total volume and used a touchscreen operant spatial discrimination/reversal task to test pattern separation in a global α7 nAChR knockout mouse line. Results The knockout resulted in an ≈22% reduction in granule cells and a ≈ 20% reduction in pyramidal cells in both sexes, with no change in total hippocampal volume. However, the knockout impaired performance in the touchscreen task for males only. The sex-dependent difference in behavioral, but not stereological, results suggest a divergence in the structure-function relationship in males versus females. Detailed analyses revealed males were more biased by the initial reversal contingency relative to females indicating a potential source of the sex-specific interaction with the loss of α7 nAChRs. Discussion These findings argue that the α7 nAChR plays a critical role in hippocampal development, not just granule cell neurogenesis, and plays a sex-dependent role in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayland C. Letsinger
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Samir A. Nacer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Korey D. Stevanovic
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary J. Larson
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Corp. Company, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jemma S. DeFilipp
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jesse D. Cushman
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jerrel L. Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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Zangbar HS, Fallahi S, Hosseini L, Ghorbani M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M, Shahabi P. Spinal cord injury leads to more neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of aged male rats compared to young rats. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1569-1583. [PMID: 37129669 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the disruptive effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the hippocampus have been confirmed in some animal studies, no study has investigated its retrograde manifestations in the hippocampus of aged subjects. Herein, we compared the aged rats with young ones 3 weeks after the induction of SCI (Groups: Sham.Young, SCI.Young, Sham.Aged, SCI.Aged). The locomotion, hippocampal apoptosis, hippocampal rhythms (Delta, Theta, Beta, Gamma) max frequency (Max.rf) and power, hippocampal neurogenesis, and hippocampal receptors (NMDA, GABA A, Muscarinic1/M1), which are important in the generation of rhythms and neurogenesis, were compared in aged rats in contrast to young rats. At the end of the third week, the number of apoptotic (Tunel+) cells in the hippocampus (CA1, DG) of SCI animals was significantly higher compared to the sham animals, and also, it was significantly higher in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. Moreover, the rate of neurogenesis (DCX+, BrdU+ cells) and expression of M1 and NMDA receptors were significantly lower in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. The power and Max.fr of all rhythms were significantly lower in SCI groups compared to sham groups. Despite the decrease in the power of rhythms in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group, there was no significant difference between them, and in terms of Max.fr index, only the Max.fr of theta and beta rhythms were significantly lower in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. This study showed that SCI could cause more neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of aged animals compared to young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Fallahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fitzgerald GS, Chuchta TG, McNay EC. Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1449-1469. [PMID: 36971212 PMCID: PMC10173726 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E C McNay
- University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Bakrim S, Aboulaghras S, El Menyiy N, El Omari N, Assaggaf H, Lee LH, Montesano D, Gallo M, Zengin G, AlDhaheri Y, Bouyahya A. Phytochemical Compounds and Nanoparticles as Phytochemical Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249043. [PMID: 36558176 PMCID: PMC9781052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains one of the most widespread neurodegenerative reasons for dementia worldwide and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it has been considered a priority for research. Indeed, several risk factors are involved in the complexity of the therapeutic ways of this pathology, including age, traumatic brain injury, genetics, exposure to aluminum, infections, diabetes, vascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is mostly associated with hyperphosphorylated protein in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble β-amyloid peptide. Therefore, the management of this pathology needs the screening of drugs targeting different pathological levels, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), amyloid β formation, and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Among the pharmacological strategies used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, natural drugs are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Indeed, bioactive compounds isolated from different natural sources exhibit important anti-Alzheimer effects by their effectiveness in promoting neuroplasticity and protecting against neurodegeneration as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. These effects involve different sub-cellular, cellular, and/or molecular mechanisms, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), the modulation of signaling pathways, and the inhibition of oxidative stress. Moreover, some nanoparticles were recently used as phytochemical delivery systems to improve the effects of phytochemical compounds against Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key advances concerning nano-drug delivery applications of phytochemicals for Alzheimer's disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Yusra AlDhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
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Kalkhoran AK, Alipour MR, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M, Zangbar HS, Shahabi P. Intersection of hippocampus and spinal cord: a focus on the hippocampal alpha-synuclein accumulation, dopaminergic receptors, neurogenesis, and cognitive function following spinal cord injury in male rats. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:44. [PMID: 35820831 PMCID: PMC9277791 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), innumerable inflammatory and degenerative fluctuations appear in the injured site, and even remotely in manifold areas of the brain. Howbeit, inflammatory, degenerative, and oscillatory changes of motor cortices have been demonstrated to be due to SCI, according to recent studies confirming the involvement of cognitive areas of the brain, such as hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, addressing SCI induced cognitive complications via different sights can be contributory in the treatment approaches. Results Herein, we used 16 male Wistar rats (Sham = 8, SCI = 8). Immunohistochemical results revealed that spinal cord contusion significantly increases the accumulation of alpha-synuclein and decreases the expression of Doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampal regions like Cornu Ammonis1 (CA1) and Dentate Gyrus (DG). Theses degenerative manifestations were parallel with a low expression of Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), and dopaminergic receptors (D1 and D5). Additionally, based on the TUNEL assay analysis, SCI significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in the CA1 and DG regions. Cognitive function of the animals was assessed, using the O-X maze and Novel Object Recognition (NORT); the obtained findings indicted that after SCI, hippocampal neurodegeneration significantly coincides with the impairment of learning, memory and recognition capability of the injured animals. Conclusions Based on the obtained findings, herein SCI reduces neurogenesis, decreases the expression of D1 and D5, and increases apoptosis in the hippocampus, which are all associated with cognitive function deficits. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Karimzadeh Kalkhoran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, East Azarbayjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, East Azarbayjan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, East Azarbayjan, Iran.
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, East Azarbayjan, Iran.
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Xie WS, Shehzadi K, Ma HL, Liang JH. A Potential Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders by Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5315-5347. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multistage mechanism that continues throughout the lifespan of human and non-human mammals. These adult-born neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) play a significant role in various hippocampus-dependent processes, including learning, mood regulation, pattern recognition, etc. Reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, caused by multiple factors such as neurological disorders and aging, would impair neuronal proliferation and differentiation and result in memory loss. Accumulating studies have indicated that functional neuron impairment could be restored by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this review, we summarized the small molecules that could efficiently promote the process of adult neurogenesis, particularly the agents that have the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and showed in vivo efficacy in mammalian brains. This may pave the way for the rational design of drugs to treat humnan neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Song Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kiran Shehzadi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hong-Le Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
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10
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Macht VA, Vetreno RP, Crews FT. Cholinergic and Neuroimmune Signaling Interact to Impact Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alcohol Pathology Across Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849997. [PMID: 35308225 PMCID: PMC8926387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) use and misuse is a costly societal issue that can affect an individual across the lifespan. Alcohol use and misuse typically initiates during adolescence and generally continues into adulthood. Not only is alcohol the most widely abused drug by adolescents, but it is also one of the most widely abused drugs in the world. In fact, high rates of maternal drinking make developmental ethanol exposure the most preventable cause of neurological deficits in the Western world. Preclinical studies have determined that one of the most consistent effects of ethanol is its disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the severity, persistence, and reversibility of ethanol’s effects on hippocampal neurogenesis are dependent on developmental stage of exposure and age at assessment. Complicating the neurodevelopmental effects of ethanol is the concurrent development and maturation of neuromodulatory systems which regulate neurogenesis, particularly the cholinergic system. Cholinergic signaling in the hippocampus directly regulates hippocampal neurogenesis through muscarinic and nicotinic receptor actions and indirectly regulates neurogenesis by providing anti-inflammatory regulatory control over the hippocampal environmental milieu. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate how shifting maturational patterns of the cholinergic system and its regulation of neuroimmune signaling impact ethanol’s effects on adult neurogenesis. For example, perinatal ethanol exposure decreases basal forebrain cholinergic neuron populations, resulting in long-term developmental disruptions to the hippocampus that persist into adulthood. Exaggerated neuroimmune responses and disruptions in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are evident after environmental, developmental, and pharmacological challenges, suggesting that perinatal ethanol exposure induces neurogenic deficits in adulthood that can be unmasked under conditions that strain neural and immune function. Similarly, adolescent ethanol exposure persistently decreases basal forebrain cholinergic neuron populations, increases hippocampal neuroimmune gene expression, and decreases hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood. The effects of neither perinatal nor adolescent ethanol are mitigated by abstinence whereas adult ethanol exposure-induced reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis are restored following abstinence, suggesting that ethanol-induced alterations in neurogenesis and reversibility are dependent upon the developmental period. Thus, the focus of this review is an examination of how ethanol exposure across critical developmental periods disrupts maturation of cholinergic and neuroinflammatory systems to differentially affect hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Sarasija S, Colson TLL, Ferguson SSG. A M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator improves pathology and cognitive deficits in female APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1769-1783. [PMID: 34820835 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and women account for 60% of diagnosed cases. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is considered the principal neurotoxic species in AD brains. The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) plays a key role in memory and learning. M1 mAChR agonists show pro-cognitive activity but cause many adverse off-target effects. A new orally bioavailable M1 mAChR positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0486846, is devoid of direct agonist activity or adverse effects but was not tested for disease-modifying efficacy in female AD mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nine-month-old female APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APPswe) and wildtype mice were treated with VU0486846 in drinking water (10mg/kg/day) for 4 or 8 weeks. Cognitive function of mice was assessed after treatment and brains were harvested for biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment. KEY RESULTS VU0486846 improved cognitive function of APPswe mice when tested in novel object recognition and Morris water maze. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in Aβ oligomers and plaques and neuronal loss in hippocampus. VU0486846 reduced Aβ oligomer production in APPswe mice by increasing M1 mAChR expression and shifting the processing of amyloid precursor protein from amyloidogenic cleavage to non-amyloidogenic cleavage. Specifically, VU0486846 reduced the expression of β-secretase 1 (BACE1), whereas it enhanced the expression of the α-secretase ADAM10 in APPswe hippocampus. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Using M1 mAChR PAMs can be a viable disease-modifying approach that should be exploited clinically to slow AD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaarika Sarasija
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tash-Lynn L Colson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Reitz NL, Nunes PT, Savage LM. Adolescent Binge-Type Ethanol Exposure in Rats Mirrors Age-Related Cognitive Decline by Suppressing Cholinergic Tone and Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:772857. [PMID: 34744657 PMCID: PMC8569390 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.772857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption followed by periods of abstinence (i.e., binge drinking) during adolescence is a concern for both acute and chronic health issues. Persistent brain damage after adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure in rodents, a model of binge drinking, includes reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and a loss of neurons in the basal forebrain that express the cholinergic phenotype. The circuit formed between those regions, the septohippocampal pathway, is critical for learning and memory. Furthermore, this circuit is also altered during the aging process. Thus, we examined whether pathology in septohippocampal circuit and impairments in spatial behaviors are amplified during aging following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure. Female and male rats were exposed to intermittent intragastric gavage of water (control) or 20% ethanol (dose of 5 g/kg) for a 2 days on/off cycle from postnatal days 25-55. Either 2 (young adult) or 12-14 (middle-age) months post exposure, rats were tested on two spatial tasks: spontaneous alternation and novel object in place. Acetylcholine efflux was assessed in the hippocampus during both tasks. There was no adolescent ethanol-induced deficit on spontaneous alternation, but middle-aged male rats displayed lower alternation rates. Male rats exposed to ethanol during adolescence had blunted behavioral evoked acetylcholine during spontaneous alternation testing. All ethanol-exposed rats displayed suppression of the cholinergic neuronal phenotype. On the novel object in place task, regardless of sex, ethanol-exposed rats performed significantly worse than control-treated rats, and middle aged-rats, regardless of sex or ethanol exposure, were significantly impaired relative to young adult rats. These results indicate that male rats display earlier age-related cognitive impairment on a working memory task. Furthermore, male rats exposed to ethanol during adolescence have blunted behavior-evoked hippocampal acetylcholine efflux. In addition, middle-aged and ethanol-exposed rats, regardless of sex, are impaired at determining discrete spatial relationship between objects. This type of pattern separation impairment was associated with a loss of neurogenesis. Thus, binge-type adolescent ethanol exposure does affect the septohippocampal circuit, and can accelerate age-related cognitive impairment on select spatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M. Savage
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University – State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
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13
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Seyedaghamiri F, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farhoudi M. Possible Engagement of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Pathophysiology of Brain Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:642-652. [PMID: 34596872 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke disabilities like cognitive impairment impose are complex conditions with great economic burdens on health care systems. For these comorbidities, no effective therapies have been identified yet. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are multifunctional receptors participating in various behavioral and neurobiological functions. During brain ischemia, the increased glutamate accumulation leads to neuronal excitotoxicity as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. These abnormalities then cause the increased levels of oxidants, which play key roles in neuronal death and apoptosis in the infarct zone. Additionally, recall of cytokines and inflammatory factors play a prominent role in the exacerbation of ischemic injury. As well, neurotrophic factors' insufficiency results in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments in ischemic brain. Of note, nAChRs through various signaling pathways can participate in therapeutic approaches such as cholinergic system's stimulation, and reduction of excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy. Moreover, the possible roles of nAChRs in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and stimulation of neurotrophic factors expression have been reported previously. On the other hand, the majority of the above-mentioned mechanisms were found to be common in both brain ischemia pathogenesis and cognitive function tuning. Therefore, it seems that nAChRs might be known as key regulators in the control of ischemia pathology, and their modulation could be considered as a new avenue in the multi-target treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Macht V, Vetreno R, Elchert N, Crews F. Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:212. [PMID: 34530858 PMCID: PMC8447570 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, a reduction which persists throughout adulthood despite abstinence. This loss of neurogenesis, indicated by reduced doublecortin+ immunoreactivity (DCX+IR), is paralleled by an increase in hippocampal proinflammatory signaling cascades. As galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory actions, we tested the hypothesis that galantamine would prevent (study 1) or restore (study 2) AIE induction of proinflammatory signals within the hippocampus as well as AIE-induced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Galantamine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered to Wistar rats during adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg ethanol, 2 days on/2 days off, postnatal day [P] 25-54) (study 1, prevention) or after AIE during abstinent maturation to adulthood (study 2, restoration). RESULTS Results indicate AIE reduced DCX+IR and induced cleaved caspase3 (Casp3) in DCX-expressing immature neurons. Excitingly, AIE induction of activated Casp3 in DCX-expressing neurons is both prevented and reversed by galantamine treatment, which also resulted in prevention and restoration of neurogenesis (DCX+IR). Similarly, galantamine prevented and/or reversed AIE induction of proinflammatory markers, including the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, suggesting that AIE induction of proinflammatory signaling mediates both cell death cascades and hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, galantamine treatment increased Ki67+IR generally as well as increased pan-Trk expression specifically in AIE-treated rats but failed to reverse AIE induction of NADPH-oxidase (gp91phox). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies suggest that (1) loss of neurogenesis after AIE is mediated by persistent induction of proinflammatory cascades which drive activation of cell death machinery in immature neurons, and (2) galantamine can prevent and restore AIE disruptions in the hippocampal environmental milieu to then prevent and restore AIE-mediated loss of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Elchert
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fulton Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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The next step of neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5647-5660. [PMID: 34232464 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among different pathological mechanisms, neuronal loss and neurogenesis impairment in the hippocampus play important roles in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative diseases, which is very debilitating. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into neurogenesis and AD and discuss how pharmacological drugs and herbal active components have impacts on neurogenesis and consequently improve cognitive functions. To date, despite huge research, no effective treatment has been approved for AD. Therefore, an avenue for future research and drug discovery is stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Evidence suggests that neurogenesis is regulated by the pharmacological treatment that may be recommended as a part of prophylaxis and therapeutic options for AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulating neurogenesis in AD are not well understood. To this point, we highlight to achieve an efficient treatment in AD by manipulating neurogenesis, it's necessary to target all steps of neurogenesis.
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16
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Küpeli Akkol E, Tatlı Çankaya I, Şeker Karatoprak G, Carpar E, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Capasso R. Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669638. [PMID: 34054540 PMCID: PMC8155682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are frequently encountered in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with epilepsy, migraine, essential tremors, and stroke. The most common comorbid diagnoses in neurological diseases are depression and anxiety disorders along with cognitive impairment. Whether the underlying reason is due to common neurochemical mechanisms or loss of previous functioning level, comorbidities are often overlooked. Various treatment options are available, such as pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy, somatic interventions, or electroconvulsive therapy. However oral antidepressant therapy may have some disadvantages, such as interaction with other medications, low tolerability due to side effects, and low efficiency. Natural compounds of plant origin are extensively researched to find a better and safer alternative treatment. Experimental studies have shown that phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as lipids have significant potential in in vitro and in vivo models of psychiatric disorders. In this review, various efficacy of natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies on neuroprotective and their roles in psychiatric disorders are examined and their neuro-therapeutic potentials are shed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Tatlı Çankaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Carpar
- Department of Psychiatry, Private French La Paix Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Potici, Italy
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17
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Yabuki Y, Matsuo K, Yu M, Xu J, Sakimura K, Shioda N, Fukunaga K. Cav3.1 t-type calcium channel is critical for cell proliferation and survival in newly generated cells of the adult hippocampus. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13613. [PMID: 33393208 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and maintenance in mammals. Low-threshold voltage-gated T-type calcium channels produce calcium spikes that increase fast action potentials in newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); however, their role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Cav3.1T-type calcium channel knockout mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Cav3.1T-type calcium channel was predominantly localized in neuronal progenitor cells of the mouse hippocampal DG. By counting the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled cells, decreased proliferation and survival of newly generated cells were observed in the adult hippocampal DG in Cav3.1 knockout mice as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, the degree of maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in Cav3.1 knockout mice was lower than that in WT mice, suggesting that Cav3.1 deletion may impair neuronal differentiation. Consistent with impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, Cav3.1 knockout mice showed decreased social interaction. Reduced phosphorylation levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase B were closely associated with impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in Cav3.1 knockout mice. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, important for neurogenesis, were significantly decreased in Cav3.1 knockout mice. Finally, gene ontology analysis revealed alterations in genes related to the promotion of cell death/apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation/neuronal differentiation pathways, including Bdnf. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Cav3.1T-type calcium channel may be a key molecule required for cell proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation in newly generated cells of the adult mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Genomic Neurology Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Mengze Yu
- Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Brain Research InstituteNiigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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18
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Soltani Zangbar H, Shahabi P, Seyedi Vafaee M, Ghadiri T, Ebrahimi Kalan A, Fallahi S, Ghorbani M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M. Hippocampal neurodegeneration and rhythms mirror each other during acute spinal cord injury in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:31-42. [PMID: 33848614 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), triggers neurodegenerative changes in the spinal cord, and simultaneously alters oscillatory manifestations of motor cortex. However, these disturbances may not be limited to motor areas and other parts such as hippocampus, which is vital in the neurogenesis and cognitive function, may be affected in the neurogenic and oscillatory manners. Addressing this remarkable complication of SCI, we evaluated the hippocampal neurogenesis and rhythms through acute phase of SCI. In the present study, we used 40 male rats (Sham.W1 = 10, SCI.W1 = 10, Sham.W2 = 10, SCI.W2 = 10), and findings revealed that contusive SCI declines hippocampal rhythms (Delta, Theta, Beta, Gamma) power and max-frequency. Also, there was a significant decrease in the DCX + and BrdU + cells of the dentate gyrus; correlated significantly with rhythms power decline. Considering the TUNEL assay analysis, there were significantly greater apoptotic cells, in the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of injured animals. Furthermore, according to the western blotting analysis, the expression of receptors (NMDA, GABAA, Muscarinic1), which are essential in the neurogenesis and generation of rhythms significantly attenuated following SCI. Our study demonstrated that acute SCI, alters the power and max-frequency of hippocampal rhythms parallel with changes in the hippocampal neurogenesis, apoptosis, and receptors expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Fallahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Fan W, Zhang Y, Li X, Xu C. S-oxiracetam Facilitates Cognitive Restoration after Ischemic Stroke by Activating α7nAChR and the PI3K-Mediated Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:888-904. [PMID: 33481205 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
S-oxiracetam (S-ORC), a nootropic drug, was used to protect against ischemic stroke by lessening the blood brain barrier dysfunction and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. However, the potential effects of S-ORC in the recovery of cognitive functions after ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats was used as the animal model. By using Y-maze test, Morris water maze, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (dUTp) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical staining and western blot to evaluate the protective effect of S-ORC on cognitive recovery, we were able to confirm that S-ORC ameliorated spatial learning impairment, tissue loss, and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and injury induced by MCAO/R in rats. These cognitive effects were achieved by restoring the normal function of synaptophysin and increasing PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that methyllycaconitine, the antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), and LY294002, the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), were able to block the cognitive effects of S-ORC after MCAO/R in rats. In conclusion, α7nAChR and PI3K are key molecules that mediated the signaling pathway leading to S-ORC-induced cognitive restoration after MCAO/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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20
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A Novel Galantamine-Curcumin Hybrid as a Potential Multi-Target Agent against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071865. [PMID: 33806197 PMCID: PMC8037483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the main drugs for symptomatic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. A recently designed, synthesized and tested hybrid compound between the AChE inhibitor galantamine (GAL) and the antioxidant polyphenol curcumin (CU) showed high AChE inhibition in vitro. Here, we describe tests for acute and short-term toxicity in mice as well as antioxidant tests on brain homogenates measured the levels of malondialdehide (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and in vitro DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and LPO inhibition assays. Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were also performed. In the acute toxicity tests, the novel AChE inhibitor given orally in mice showed LD50 of 49 mg/kg. The short-term administration of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg did not show toxicity. In the ex vivo tests, the GAL-CU hybrid performed better than GAL and CU themselves; in a dose of 5 mg/kg, it demonstrates 25% reduction in AChE activity, as well as a 28% and 73% increase in the levels of MDA and GSH, respectively. No significant changes in blood biochemical data were observed. The antioxidant activity of 4b measured ex vivo was proven in the in vitro tests. In the ABTS assay, 4b showed radical scavenging activity 10 times higher than the positive control butylhydroxy toluol (BHT). The GAL-CU hybrid is a novel non-toxic AChE inhibitor with high antioxidant activity which makes it a prospective multitarget drug candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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21
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Madrid LI, Jimenez-Martin J, Coulson EJ, Jhaveri DJ. Cholinergic regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105969. [PMID: 33727042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The production and circuit integration of new neurons is one of the defining features of the adult mammalian hippocampus. A wealth of evidence has established that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is exquisitely sensitive to neuronal activity-mediated regulation. How these signals are interpreted and contribute to neurogenesis and hippocampal functions has been a subject of immense interest. In particular, neurotransmitters, in addition to their synaptic roles, have been shown to offer important trophic support. Amongst these, acetylcholine, which has a prominent role in cognition, has been implicated in regulating neurogenesis. In this review, we appraise the evidence linking the contribution of cholinergic signalling to the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent functions. We discuss open questions that need to be addressed to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role and translational potential of acetylcholine and its receptors in regulating this form of cellular neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I Madrid
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Javier Jimenez-Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Multiple Roles for Cholinergic Signaling from the Perspective of Stem Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020666. [PMID: 33440882 PMCID: PMC7827396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have extensive proliferative potential and the ability to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. The mechanisms by which stem cells accomplish self-renewal provide fundamental insight into the origin and design of multicellular organisms. These pathways allow the repair of damage and extend organismal life beyond that of component cells, and they probably preceded the evolution of complex metazoans. Understanding the true nature of stem cells can only come from discovering how they are regulated. The concept that stem cells are controlled by particular microenvironments, also known as niches, has been widely accepted. Technical advances now allow characterization of the zones that maintain and control stem cell activity in several organs, including the brain, skin, and gut. Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) that mediates chemical transmission via ACh receptors such as nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Although the cholinergic system is composed of organized nerve cells, the system is also involved in mammalian non-neuronal cells, including stem cells, embryonic stem cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Thus, cholinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in controlling their behaviors. Studies regarding this signal are beginning to unify our understanding of stem cell regulation at the cellular and molecular levels, and they are expected to advance efforts to control stem cells therapeutically. The present article reviews recent findings about cholinergic signaling that is essential to control stem cell function in a cholinergic niche.
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Ben DD, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Amenta F. Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 190:108352. [PMID: 33035532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of adult-onset dementia is characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive functions accompanied by behavioral manifestations. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is). The first ChE-I licensed for symptomatic treatment of AD was tacrine. The ChE-Is currently available in the market are donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine as tacrine is no longer in use, due to its hepatotoxicity. According to mechanism of action the ChE-Is are classified as short-acting or reversible agents such as tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, as intermediate-acting or pseudo-irreversible agent such as rivastigmine. Overall, the efficacy of the three ChE-Is available in the market is similar and the benefit of administration of these compounds is mild and may not be clinically significant. Due to gastrointestinal side effects of these drugs, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical delivery studies have investigated solutions to improve the pharmacological activity of these compounds. In spite of the limited activity of ChE-Is, waiting for more effective approaches, these drugs still represent a pharmacotherapeutic resource for the treatment of AD. Other approaches in which ChE-Is were investigated is in their use in combination with other classes of drugs such as cholinergic precursors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and antioxidant agents. After many years from the introduction in therapy of ChE-Is, the combination with other classes of drugs may represent the chance for a renewed interest of ChE-Is in the treatment of adult-onset dementia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center University of Camerino via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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24
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Yabuki Y. [Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Regulating Neuronal Function]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1207-1212. [PMID: 32999199 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low-threshold voltage-gated calcium channel and characterized by unique electrophysiological properties such as fast inactivation and slow deactivation kinetics. All subtypes of T-type calcium channel (Cav3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) are widely expressed in the central nerve system, and they have an important role in homeostasis of sleep, pain response, and development of epilepsy. Recently, several reports suggest that T-type calcium channels may mediate neuronal plasticity in the mouse brain. We succeeded to develop T-type calcium channel enhancer ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-2-ene-3-carboxylate (SAK3) which enhances Cav3.1 and 3.3 currents in each-channel expressed neuro2A cells. SAK3 can promote acetylcholine (ACh) release in the mouse hippocampus via enhancing T-type calcium channel. In this review, we have introduced the role of T-type calcium channel, especially Cav3.1 channel in the mouse hippocampus based on our previous data using SAK3 and Cav3.1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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25
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Moura DMS, Brandão JA, Lentini C, Heinrich C, Queiroz CM, Costa MR. Evidence of Progenitor Cell Lineage Rerouting in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus After Status Epilepticus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:571315. [PMID: 33071745 PMCID: PMC7530340 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.571315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lineage in the adult hippocampus comprises multipotent and neuron-committed progenitors. In the present work, we fate-mapped neuronal progenitors using Dcx-CreERT2 and CAG-CAT-EGFP double-transgenic mice (cDCX/EGFP). We show that 3 days after tamoxifen-mediated recombination in cDCX/EGFP adult mice, GFP+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) co-expresses DCX and about 6% of these cells are proliferative neuronal progenitors. After 30 days, 20% of GFP+ generated from these progenitors differentiate into GFAP+ astrocytes. Unilateral intrahippocampal administration of the chemoconvulsants kainic acid (KA) or pilocarpine (PL) triggered epileptiform discharges and led to a significant increase in the number of GFP+ cells in both ipsi and contralateral DG. However, while PL favored the differentiation of neurons in both ipsi- and contralateral sides, KA stimulated neurogenesis only in the contralateral side. In the ipsilateral side, KA injection led to an unexpected increase of astrogliogenesis in the Dcx-lineage. We also observed a small number of GFP+/GFAP+ cells displaying radial-glia morphology ipsilaterally 3 days after KA administration, suggesting that some Dcx-progenitors could regress to a multipotent stage. The boosted neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis observed in the Dcx-lineage following chemoconvulsants administration correlated, respectively, with preservation or degeneration of the parvalbuminergic plexus in the DG. Increased inflammatory response, by contrast, was observed both in the DG showing increased neurogenesis or astrogliogenesis. Altogether, our data support the view that cell lineage progression in the adult hippocampus is not unidirectional and could be modulated by local network activity and GABA-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M S Moura
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Celia Lentini
- INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Heinrich
- INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claudio M Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
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26
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Koola MM, Looney SW, Hong H, Pillai A, Hou W. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of galantamine in schizophrenia: significant cognitive enhancement. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113285. [PMID: 32763546 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia and the best predictor of functional outcome. Cholinergic system and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nACh) receptors are strongly implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Galantamine is not only a reversible, competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase but also a type I positive allosteric modulator of α7nACh receptors. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of galantamine for cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. In the meta-analysis that included six randomized controlled trials (RCTs, N=226), cognitive impairments significantly improved with galantamine compared to placebo, with a small Hedges' g effect size of 0.233. This finding is consistent with other RCTs in schizophrenia with medications with a similar mechanism of action. On the basis of the results from all the failed (although some efficacy has been shown) RCTs to date in schizophrenia, targeting only one pathophysiologic mechanism may be insufficient to detect a clinically meaningful signal. Nicotinergic medications, like any other add-on medications, are unlikely to be effective as stand-alone medications. Hence, these medications may have to be combined with other medications with complementary mechanisms such as glutamatergic/N-methyl-D-aspartate systems to detect a meaningful effect size for the three domains of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Stephen W Looney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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27
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Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Robaa D, Sippl W. Case studies on computer-based identification of natural products as lead molecules. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development and application of computer-aided drug design/discovery (CADD) techniques (such as structured-base virtual screening, ligand-based virtual screening and neural networks approaches) are on the point of disintermediation in the pharmaceutical drug discovery processes. The application of these CADD methods are standing out positively as compared to other experimental approaches in the identification of hits. In order to venture into new chemical spaces, research groups are exploring natural products (NPs) for the search and identification of new hits and more efficient leads as well as the repurposing of approved NPs. The chemical space of NPs is continuously increasing as a result of millions of years of evolution of species and these data are mainly stored in the form of databases providing access to scientists around the world to conduct studies using them. Investigation of these NP databases with the help of CADD methodologies in combination with experimental validation techniques is essential to identify and propose new drug molecules. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of the chemical diversity of NPs as a source for potential drugs as well as some of the success stories of NP-derived candidates against important therapeutic targets. The focus is on studies that applied a healthy dose of the emerging CADD methodologies (structure-based, ligand-based and machine learning).
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad V. Simoben
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry (AG Sippl), Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry (AG Sippl), Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry (AG Sippl), Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry (AG Sippl), Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120Halle (Saale), Germany
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28
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Wulaer B, Kunisawa K, Hada K, Jaya Suento W, Kubota H, Iida T, Kosuge A, Nagai T, Yamada K, Nitta A, Yamamoto Y, Saito K, Mouri A, Nabeshima T. Shati/Nat8l deficiency disrupts adult neurogenesis and causes attentional impairment through dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction in the dentate gyrus. J Neurochem 2020; 157:642-655. [PMID: 32275776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful completion of daily activities relies on the ability to select the relevant features of the environment for memory and recall. Disruption to these processes can lead to various disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of several processes, including attention. In addition to the higher-order brain function, dopamine is implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Previously, we generated mice lacking Shati, an N-acetyltransferase-8-like protein on a C57BL/6J genetic background (Shati/Nat8l-/- ). These mice showed a series of changes in the dopamine system and ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes. Therefore, we hypothesized that deficiency of Shati/Nat8l would affect neurogenesis and attentional behavior in mice. We found aberrant morphology of neurons and impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. Additionally, research has suggested that impaired neurogenesis might be because of the reduction of dopamine in the hippocampus. Galantamine (GAL) attenuated the attentional impairment observed in the object-based attention test via increasing the dopamine release in the hippocampus of Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, blocked the ameliorating effect of GAL on attentional impairment in Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. These results suggest that the ameliorating effect of GAL on Shati/Nat8l-/- attentional impairment is associated with activation of D1 receptors following increased dopamine release in the hippocampus via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In summary, Shati/Nat8l is important in both morphogenesis and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and attention, possible via modulation of dopaminergic transmission. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolati Wulaer
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Willy Jaya Suento
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Iida
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aika Kosuge
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
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29
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Bobkova NV, Poltavtseva RA, Leonov SV, Sukhikh GT. Neuroregeneration: Regulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S108-S130. [PMID: 32087056 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It had been commonly believed for a long time, that once established, degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) is irreparable, and that adult person merely cannot restore dead or injured neurons. The existence of stem cells (SCs) in the mature brain, an organ with minimal regenerative ability, had been ignored for many years. Currently accepted that specific structures of the adult brain contain neural SCs (NSCs) that can self-renew and generate terminally differentiated brain cells, including neurons and glia. However, their contribution to the regulation of brain activity and brain regeneration in natural aging and pathology is still a subject of ongoing studies. Since the 1970s, when Fuad Lechin suggested the existence of repair mechanisms in the brain, new exhilarating data from scientists around the world have expanded our knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the generation of various cell phenotypes supporting the brain, regulation of brain activity by these newly generated cells, and participation of SCs in brain homeostasis and regeneration. The prospects of the SC research are truthfully infinite and hitherto challenging to forecast. Once researchers resolve the issues regarding SC expansion and maintenance, the implementation of the SC-based platform could help to treat tissues and organs impaired or damaged in many devastating human diseases. Over the past 10 years, the number of studies on SCs has increased exponentially, and we have already become witnesses of crucial discoveries in SC biology. Comprehension of the mechanisms of neurogenesis regulation is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches for currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases and neuroblastomas. In this review, we present the latest achievements in this fast-moving field and discuss essential aspects of NSC biology, including SC regulation by hormones, neurotransmitters, and transcription factors, along with the achievements of genetic and chemical reprogramming for the safe use of SCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - R A Poltavtseva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - S V Leonov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), The Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - G T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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30
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Naguib S, Bernardo-Colón A, Cencer C, Gandra N, Rex TS. Galantamine protects against synaptic, axonal, and vision deficits in experimental neurotrauma. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 134:104695. [PMID: 31778813 PMCID: PMC7769189 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of galantamine in a mouse model of blast-induced indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (bITON). Galantamine is an FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. We exposed one eye of an anesthetized mouse to repeat bursts of over-pressurized air to induce traumatic optic neuropathy. Mice were given regular or galantamine-containing water (120 mg/L) ad libitum, beginning immediately after blast and continuing for one month. Electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials were performed just prior to endpoint collection. Histological and biochemical assessments were performed to assess activation of sterile inflammation, axon degeneration, and synaptic changes. Galantamine treatment mitigated visual function deficits induced by our bITON model via preservation of the b-wave of the electroretinogram and the N1 of the visual evoked potential. We also observed a reduction in axon degeneration in the optic nerve as well as decreased rod bipolar cell dendritic retraction. Galantamine also showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Galantamine may be a promising treatment for blast-induced indirect traumatic optic neuropathy as well as other optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naguib
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 11435 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Alexandra Bernardo-Colón
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, 2311 Pierce Ave, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Caroline Cencer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 11435 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Neha Gandra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 11435 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Tonia S Rex
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 11435 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Eye Institute, 2311 Pierce Ave, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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31
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Imamura O, Arai M, Dateki M, Oishi K, Takishima K. Donepezil-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation is mediated through estrogen receptors. J Neurochem 2019; 155:494-507. [PMID: 31778582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, and subsequent failure of myelin development result in serious neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Using primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), we previously demonstrated that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stimulates the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes and neurons, albeit at the expense of astrogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying donepezil-induced differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the molecular pathways contributing to donepezil-induced differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (miPSC-NSCs). We used cell-based reporter gene arrays to investigate effects of donepezil on differentiation of miPSC-NSCs. Subsequently, we assessed the molecular pathway underlying donepezil action on differentiation of miPSC-NSCs into mature oligodendrocytes. Donepezil increased the transcriptional activity of estrogen response element under differentiating conditions. Moreover, estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) were highly expressed in MBP-positive mature oligodendrocytes. The ER antagonist ICI 182,780 abrogated the number of MBP-positive oligodendrocytes induced by donepezil, but showed no effect on the differentiation of miPSC-NSCs into Tuj1-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. Furthermore, the donepezil-induced generation of mature oligodendrocytes from miPSC-NSC was significantly attenuated by antagonists and siRNA targeting ERα and ERβ. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that donepezil-induced oligodendrogenesis is mediated through both ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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32
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Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:101-168. [PMID: 31733663 PMCID: PMC7372724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is associated with brain damage and impaired cognitive functioning. The relative contributions of different etiological factors, such as alcohol, thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability, to the development of alcohol-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment are still poorly understood. One reason for this quandary is that both alcohol toxicity and thiamine deficiency produce brain damage and cognitive problems that can be modulated by age at exposure, aging following alcohol toxicity or thiamine deficiency, and aging during chronic alcohol exposure. Pre-clinical models of alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) have elucidated some of the contributions of ethanol toxicity and thiamine deficiency to neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and functional deficits. However, the critical variable of age at the time of exposure or long-term aging with ARBD has been relatively ignored. Acute thiamine deficiency created a massive increase in neuroimmune genes and proteins within the thalamus and significant increases within the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chronic ethanol treatment throughout adulthood produced very minor fluctuations in neuroimmune genes, regardless of brain region. Intermittent "binge-type" ethanol during the adolescent period established an intermediate neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, that can persist into adulthood. Chronic excessive drinking throughout adulthood, adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, and thiamine deficiency all led to a loss of the cholinergic neuronal phenotype within the basal forebrain, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and alterations in the frontal cortex. Only thiamine deficiency results in gross pathological lesions of the thalamus. The behavioral impairment following these types of treatments is hierarchical: Thiamine deficiency produces the greatest impairment of hippocampal- and prefrontal-dependent behaviors, chronic ethanol drinking ensues mild impairments on both types of tasks and adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure leads to impairments on frontocortical tasks, with sparing on most hippocampal-dependent tasks. However, our preliminary data suggest that as rodents age following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, hippocampal functional deficits began to emerge. A necessary requirement for the advancement of understanding the neural consequences of alcoholism is a more comprehensive assessment and understanding of how excessive alcohol drinking at different development periods (adolescence, early adulthood, middle-aged and aged) influences the trajectory of the aging process, including pathological aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Toledo Nunes
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brian T Kipp
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole L Reitz
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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33
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Grisoni F, Merk D, Friedrich L, Schneider G. Design of Natural-Product-Inspired Multitarget Ligands by Machine Learning. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1129-1134. [PMID: 30973672 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A virtual screening protocol based on machine learning models was used to identify mimetics of the natural product (-)-galantamine. This fully automated approach identified eight compounds with bioactivities on at least one of the macromolecular targets of (-)-galantamine, with different polypharmacological profiles. Two of the computer-generated hits possess an expanded spectrum of bioactivity on targets relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and are suitable for hit-to-lead expansion. These results advocate multitarget drug design by advanced virtual screening protocols based on chemically informed machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grisoni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, RETHINK, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, RETHINK, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, RETHINK, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, RETHINK, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim W, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Kim JW, Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Yoo M, Lee S, Nam SM, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Leaf extracts from Dendropanax morbifera Léveille mitigate mercury-induced reduction of spatial memory, as well as cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in rat dentate gyrus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:94. [PMID: 31046739 PMCID: PMC6498467 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The brain is susceptible to methylmercury toxicity, which causes irreversible damage to neurons and glia and the leaf extract Dendropanax morbifera Léveille (DML) has various biological functions in the nervous system. In this study, we examined the effects of DML on mercury-induced proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts. Methods Dimethylmercury (5 μg/kg) and galantamine (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and/or DML (100 mg/kg) was orally to 7-week-old rats every day for 36 days. One hour after the treatment, novel object recognition test was examined. In addition, spatial probe tests were conducted on the 6th day after 5 days of continuous training in the Morris swim maze. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized for immunohistochemical staining analysis with Ki67 and doublecortin and measurement for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Results Dimethylmercury-treated rats showed reduced discrimination index in novel object recognition test and took longer to find the platform than did control group. Compared with dimethylmercury treatment alone, supplementation with DML or galatamine significantly ameliorated the reduction of discrimination index and reduced the time spent to find the platform. In addition, the number of platform crossings was lower in the dimethylmercury-treated group than in controls, while the administration of DML or galantamine significantly increased the number of crossings than did dimethylmercury treatment alone. Proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts, assessed by Ki67 and doublecortin immunohistochemical staining was significantly decreased in the dimethylmercury treated group versus controls. Supplementation with DML or galantamine significantly increased the number of proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. In addition, treatment with dimethylmercury significantly increased AChE activity in hippocampal homogenates, while treatment with dimethylmercury+DML or dimethylmercury+galantamine significantly ameliorated this increase. Conclusions These results suggest that DML may be a functional food that improves dimethylmercury-induced memory impairment and ameliorates dimethylmercury-induced reduction in proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts, and demonstrates corresponding activation of AChE activity in the dentate gyrus.
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Combined Fluoxetine and Metformin Treatment Potentiates Antidepressant Efficacy Increasing IGF2 Expression in the Dorsal Hippocampus. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:4651031. [PMID: 30804991 PMCID: PMC6360645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4651031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies show that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) exert their therapeutic action, at least in part, by amplifying the influence of the living environment on mood. As a consequence, when administered in a favorable environment, SSRIs lead to a reduction of symptoms, but in stressful conditions, they show limited efficacy. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches able to neutralize the influence of the stressful environment on treatment are needed. The aim of our study was to test whether, in a mouse model of depression, the combined administration of SSRI fluoxetine and metformin, a drug able to improve the metabolic profile, counteracts the limited efficacy of fluoxetine alone when administered in stressful conditions. Indeed, metabolic alterations are associated to both the onset of major depression and the antidepressant efficacy. To this goal, adult C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to stress for 6 weeks; the first two weeks was aimed at generating a mouse model of depression. During the remaining 4 weeks, mice received one of the following treatments: vehicle, fluoxetine, metformin, or a combination of fluoxetine and metformin. We measured liking- and wanting-type anhedonia as behavioral phenotypes of depression and assessed the expression levels of selected genes involved in major depressive disorder and antidepressant response in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, which are differently involved in the depressive symptomatology. The combined treatment was more effective than fluoxetine alone in ameliorating the depressive phenotype after one week of treatment. This was associated to an increase in IGF2 mRNA expression and enhanced long-term potentiation, specifically in the dorsal hippocampus, at the end of treatment. Overall, the present results show that, when administered in stressful conditions, the combined fluoxetine and metformin treatment may represent a more effective approach than fluoxetine alone in a short term. Finally, our findings highlight the relevance of polypharmacological strategy as effective interventions to increase the efficacy of the antidepressant drugs currently available.
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Otto SL, Yakel JL. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate hippocampal adult-neurogenesis in a sexually dimorphic fashion. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:829-846. [PMID: 30515567 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disruption in cholinergic signaling has been linked to many environmental and/or pathological conditions known to modify adult neurogenesis. The α7 nAChRs are in the family of cys-loop receptor channels which have been shown to be neuroprotective in adult neurons and are thought to be critical for survival and integration of immature neurons. However, in developing neurons, poor calcium buffering may cause α7 nAChR activation to be neurotoxic. To investigate whether the α7 nAChR regulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus, we used a combination of mouse genetics and imaging to quantify neural stem cell (NSC) densities located in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. In addition, we considered whether the loss of α7 nAChRs had functional consequences on a spatial discrimination task that is thought to rely on pattern separation mechanisms. We found that the loss of α7 nAChRs resulted in increased neurogenesis in male mice only, while female mice showed increased cell divisions and intermediate progenitors but no change in neurogenesis. Knocking out the α7 nAChR from nestin+ NSCs and their progeny showed signaling in these cells contributes to regulating neurogenesis. In addition, male, but not female, mice lacking α7 nAChRs performed significantly worse in the spatial discrimination task. This task was sexually dimorphic in wild-type mice, but not in the absence of α7 nAChRs. We conclude that α7 nAChRs regulate adult neurogenesis and impact spatial discrimination function in male, but not female mice, via a mechanism involving nestin+ NSCs and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Otto
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. box 12233, Mail Drop F2-08, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jerrel L Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. box 12233, Mail Drop F2-08, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Castillo WO, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, Sakamoto-Hojo E, Gasca CA, Cabezas-Fajardo FA, Takahashi C. Caliphruria subedentata (Amaryllidaceae) decreases genotoxicity and cell death induced by β-amyloid peptide in SH-SY5Y cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Shtaya A, Sadek AR, Zaben M, Seifert G, Pringle A, Steinhäuser C, Gray WP. AMPA receptors and seizures mediate hippocampal radial glia-like stem cell proliferation. Glia 2018; 66:2397-2413. [PMID: 30357924 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is sustained throughout life in the mammalian brain, supporting hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Its permanent alteration by status epilepticus (SE) is associated with learning and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of altered neurogenesis after SE are not understood. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive radial glia (RG)-like cells proliferate early after SE, but their proliferation dynamics and signaling are largely unclear. We have previously reported a polarized distribution of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on RG-like cells in vivo and postulated that these may signal their proliferation. Here, we examined the acute effects of kainate on hippocampal precursor cells in vitro and in kainate-induced SE on proliferating and quiescent clones of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine prelabeled hippocampal precursors in vivo. In vitro, we found that 5 μM kainate shortened the cell cycle time of RG-like cells via AMPAR activation and accelerated cell cycle re-entry of their progeny. It also shifted their fate choice expanding the population of RG-like cells and reducing the population of downstream amplifying neural progenitors. Kainate enhanced the survival of all precursor cell subtypes. Pharmacologically, kainate's proliferative and survival effects were abolished by AMPAR blockade. Functional AMPAR expression was confirmed on RG-like cells in vitro. In agreement with these observations, kainate/seizures enhanced the proliferation and expansion predominantly of constitutively cycling RG-like cell clones in vivo. Our results identify AMPARs as key potential players in initiating the proliferation of dentate RG-like cells and unravel a possible receptor target for modifying the radial glia-like cell response to SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Shtaya
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malik Zaben
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,B.R.A.I.N. Biomedical Research Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Pringle
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - William Peter Gray
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,B.R.A.I.N. Biomedical Research Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Xu J, Yabuki Y, Yu M, Fukunaga K. T-type calcium channel enhancer SAK3 produces anti-depressant-like effects by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis in olfactory bulbectomized mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:333-341. [PMID: 30196018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, pain, and sleep. Recently, we developed a novel spiroimidazopyridine compound, SAK3 (ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-2-ene-3-carboxylate), which enhances T-type calcium channel currents and improves memory deficits in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. Here, we demonstrated the anti-depressant effects of SAK3 in OBX mice. Chronic SAK3 administration (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) improved depressive-like behaviors in OBX mice. The impaired adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) that occurred 4 weeks after OBX administration was significantly restored by chronic SAK3 administration (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, p.o.). Additionally, SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) promoted the proliferation and survival of newborn cells in the naïve DG. Moreover, SAK3 administration (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) antagonized the reduction of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and CaMKIV phosphorylation levels, thereby rescuing the decreased levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the OBX DG. The effects of SAK3 were completely blocked by the T-type calcium channel selective blocker NNC 55-0396 (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Altogether, these results suggest that SAK3 improves depressive-like behaviors by promoting adult neurogenesis via T-type calcium channel stimulation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mengze Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Hussain G, Rasul A, Anwar H, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Wei W, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:341-357. [PMID: 29559851 PMCID: PMC5859479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Maurer SV, Williams CL. The Cholinergic System Modulates Memory and Hippocampal Plasticity via Its Interactions with Non-Neuronal Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1489. [PMID: 29167670 PMCID: PMC5682336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti-inflammatory, and neuroinflammation is increasingly linked to adverse memory, especially in Alzheimer's disease. Much of the evidence surrounding cholinergic impacts on the neuroimmune system focuses on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor, as stimulation of this receptor prevents many of the effects of immune activation. Microglia and astrocytes both express this receptor, so it is possible that some cholinergic effects may be via these non-neuronal cells. Though the presence of microglia is required for memory, overactivated microglia due to an immune challenge overproduce inflammatory cytokines, which is adverse for memory. Blocking these exaggerated effects, specifically by decreasing the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), has been shown to prevent inflammation-induced memory impairment. While there is considerable evidence that cholinergic signaling improves memory, fewer studies have linked the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" to memory processes. This review will summarize the current understanding of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway as it relates to memory and will argue that one mechanism by which the cholinergic system modulates hippocampal memory processes is its influence on neuroimmune function via the α7 nicotinic ACh receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V. Maurer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christina L. Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Wang J, Lu Z, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, Gao Y, Liu X, Yin C, Ke J, Li L, Zhai M, Wu S, Fan J, Lv L, Liu J, Chen X, Yang Q, Wang J. Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Pathway Participates in the Neurogenesis Induced by ChAT-Positive Neurons in the Subventricular Zone. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0541-7. [PMID: 28551702 PMCID: PMC5704989 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase-positive (ChAT+) neurons within the subventricular zone (SVZ) have been shown to promote neurogenesis after stroke in mice by secreting acetylcholine (ACh); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Receptors known to bind ACh include the nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), which are present in the SVZ and have been shown to be important for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In this study, we investigated the neurogenic role of the alpha-7 nAChR (α7 nAChR) in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by using α7 nAChR inhibitor methyllycaconitine. Mice subjected to MCAO exhibited elevated expression of cytomembrane and nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), as well as increased expression of PI3K, pAkt, doublecortin (DCX), polysialylated - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), and mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 (Mash1). MCAO mice also had more glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and DCX-positive cells in the SVZ than did the sham-operated group. Methyllycaconitine treatment increased cytomembrane FGFR1 expression and GFAP/BrdU-positive cells, upregulated the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospho-Akt (pAkt), decreased nuclear FGFR1 expression, decreased the number of DCX-positive cells, and reduced the levels of DCX, PSA-NCAM, and Mash1 in the SVZ of MCAO mice compared with levels in vehicle-treated MCAO mice. MCAO mice treated with α7 nAChR agonist PNU-282987 exhibited the opposite effects. Our data show that α7 nAChR may decrease the proliferation of neural stem cells and promote differentiation of existing neural stem cells after stroke. These results identify a new mechanism of SVZ ChAT+ neuron-induced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Zhengfang Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Lie Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xianliang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chunmao Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Junji Ke
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Liyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiahong Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kim JK, Park SU. Pharmacological aspects of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:35-39. [PMID: 28337117 PMCID: PMC5318685 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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Grieco SF, Cheng Y, Eldar-Finkelman H, Jope RS, Beurel E. Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 by ketamine requires glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 72:49-54. [PMID: 27542584 PMCID: PMC5061618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An antidepressant dose of the rapidly-acting ketamine inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in mouse hippocampus, and this inhibition is required for the antidepressant effect of ketamine in learned helplessness depression-like behavior. Here we report that treatment with an antidepressant dose of ketamine (10mg/kg) increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in mouse hippocampus, an effect that required ketamine-induced inhibition of GSK3. Ketamine also inhibited hippocampal GSK3 and increased expression of hippocampal IGF2 in mice when administered after the induction of learned helplessness. Treatment with the specific GSK3 inhibitor L803-mts was sufficient to up-regulate hippocampal IGF2 expression. Administration of IGF2 siRNA reduced ketamine's antidepressant effect in the learned helplessness paradigm. Mice subjected to the learned helplessness paradigm were separated into two groups, those that were resilient (non-depressed) and those that were susceptible (depressed). Non-depressed resilient mice displayed higher expression of IGF2 than susceptible mice. These results indicate that IGF2 contributes to ketamine's antidepressant effect and that IGF2 may confer resilience to depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Yuyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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Castillo WO, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, de Lima Montaldi AP, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Takahashi CS. Galanthamine decreases genotoxicity and cell death induced by β-amyloid peptide in SH-SY5Y cell line. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Imamura O, Arai M, Dateki M, Takishima K. Donepezil promotes differentiation of neural stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes at the expense of astrogenesis. J Neurochem 2016; 140:231-244. [PMID: 27664791 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte loss and failure of myelin development result in serious human disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Previously, using oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, we have shown that donepezil, which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stimulates myelin gene expression and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of donepezil on primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs). Donepezil treatment led to impaired self-renewal ability and increased apoptosis. These effects appeared to be mediated through the Akt/Bad signaling pathway. Using neurosphere differentiation analysis, we observed that donepezil leads to reduced numbers of astrocytes and increased numbers of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Consistent with this finding, mRNA and protein levels for the oligodendrocyte markers myelin-associated glycoprotein, 2', 3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and myelin basic protein, as well as the neuronal marker β-tubulin type III (Tuj1) were up-regulated. In contrast, the expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was down-regulated by donepezil in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, donepezil increased oligodendrocyte differentiation, resulting in a reduction in the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, by suppressing the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), SMAD1/5/9, and the downstream target gene GFAP, even under astrocyte-inducing conditions. These results suggest that efficient differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes by donepezil may indicate a novel therapeutic role for this drug in promoting repair in demyelinated lesions in addition to its role in preventing astrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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48
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Matsuda T. Psychopharmacological Studies in Mice. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:737-50. [PMID: 27150930 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since 1998, when the laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology was established in the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, I have been interested in psychopharmacological research topics. During this period, we identified a number of novel regulatory mechanisms that control the prefrontal dopamine system through functional interaction between serotonin1A and dopamine D2 receptors or between serotonin1A and σ1 receptors. Our findings suggest that strategies that enhance the prefrontal dopamine system may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also found that environmental factors during development strongly impact the psychological state in adulthood. Furthermore, we clarified the pharmacological profiles of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, providing novel insights into their mechanisms of action. Finally, we developed the female encounter test, a novel method for evaluating motivation in mice. This simple method should help advance future psychopharmacological research. In this review, we summarize the major findings obtained from our recent studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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49
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Imamura O, Arai M, Dateki M, Ogata T, Uchida R, Tomoda H, Takishima K. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate donepezil-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1086-98. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions; Research Institute; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities; Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
| | - Ryuji Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kitasato University; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Saitama Japan
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness associated with dementia and is most prevalent among the elderly population. Current medications can only treat symptoms. Alkaloids are structurally diverse and have been an important source of therapeutics for various brain disorders. Two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for AD, galantamine and rivastigmine, are in fact alkaloids. In addition, clinical trials of four other extensively studied alkaloids-huperzine A, caffeine, nicotine, and indomethacin-have been conducted but do not convincingly demonstrate their clinical efficacy for AD. Interestingly, rhynchophylline, a known neuroprotective alkaloid, was recently discovered by in silico screening as an inhibitor of EphA4, a novel target for AD. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD, current treatment strategies, and therapeutic potential of several selected plant alkaloids in AD, highlighting their various drug targets and the key supportive preclinical and clinical studies. Future research should include more rigorous clinical studies of the most promising alkaloids, the further development of recently discovered candidate alkaloids, and the continual search for new alkaloids for relevant drug targets. It remains promising that an alkaloid drug candidate could significantly affect the progression of AD in addition to providing symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pong Ng
- Division of Life Science, Molecular Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terry Cho Tsun Or
- Division of Life Science, Molecular Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, Molecular Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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