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Yang F, Li T, Zhang XQ, Gong Y, Su H, Fan J, Wang L, Hu QD, Tan RZ. Screening of active components in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula for anti-fibrosis in CKD: nobiletin inhibits Lgals1/PI3K/AKT signaling to improve renal fibrosis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2375033. [PMID: 38967135 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2375033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula (A&P) has been clinically shown to effectively slow down the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has demonstrated significant anti-fibrosis effects in experimental CKD model. However, the specific active ingredients and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The active ingredients of A&P were analyzed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS). A mouse model of CKD was constructed by 5/6 nephrectomy. Renal function was assessed by creatinine and urea nitrogen. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein changes in kidney and cells. An in vitro fibrotic cell model was constructed by TGF-β induction in TCMK-1 cells. The results showed that thirteen active ingredients of A&P were identified by UPLC-HR-MS, nine of which were identified by analysis with standards, among which the relative percentage of NOB was high. We found that NOB treatment significantly improved renal function, pathological damage and reduced the expression level of fibrotic factors in CKD mice. The results also demonstrated that Lgals1 was overexpressed in the interstitial kidney of CKD mice, and NOB treatment significantly reduced its expression level, while inhibiting PI3K and AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, overexpression of Lgals1 significantly increased fibrosis in TCMK1 cells and upregulated the activity of PI3K and AKT, which were strongly inhibited by NOB treatment. NOB is one of the main active components of A&P. The molecular mechanism by which NOB ameliorates renal fibrosis in CKD may be through the inhibition of Lgals1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Li
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Dan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Hazzaa HH, El Shiekh MAM, Elkashty O, Magdy E, Riad D, Khalifa E, Elewa GM, Kamal NM. A critical influence of HIF-1 on MMP-9 and Galectin-3 in oral lichen planus. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:756. [PMID: 38951854 PMCID: PMC11218350 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus carries a risk for malignancy. The pathogenesis of the disease is mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Several mediators could be responsible for the oncogenic behavior in certain cases. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1), and its possible correlation to Galactin-3 (Gal-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) over expression represents an important indicator for malignant transformation. The investigation of these factors may present evidence-based information on malignant transformation of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study investigated the expression of HIF-1, Gla-3 and MMP-9 in tissue samples of OLP compared to control subjects of un-inflamed gingival overgrowth. 20 biospecimen were allocated in each group. RESULTS Immunohistochemical findings of OLP showed immunoreactivity for Galectin 3, HIF1a and MMP-9 by most of the epithelial cells. There was a positive correlation between HIF1α and MMP-9, r = 0.9301 (P-value < 0.00001). A positive correlation was detected between Galectin 3 and MMP-9, r = 0.7292 (P-value = 0.000264) between Galectin 3 and HIF1α, r = 0.5893 (P-value = 0.006252). CONCLUSION These findings confirm the hypothesis that the adaptive pathways to hypoxia as Gal 3 and MMP-9 expressions and their HIF-1 may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala H Hazzaa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A M El Shiekh
- Oral and Dental Biology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Elkashty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Magdy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Beni_Suef University, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Riad
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Beni_Suef University, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science & Technology, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Gasser M Elewa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Kamal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Cairo, Egypt
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Gasson R, Roper JA, Slack RJ. A Quantitative Human Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay for Characterisation of Galectin Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6756. [PMID: 38928462 PMCID: PMC11204262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins that are characterised by their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and include galectin-1 and galectin-3. These galectins have been implicated in numerous diseases due to their pleiotropic nature, including cancer and fibrosis, with therapeutic inhibitors being clinically developed to block the CRD. One of the early methods developed to characterise these galectins was the hemagglutination of red blood cells. Although it is insightful, this approach has been hampered by a lack of sensitivity and accurate quantification of the agglutination observed. In this study, we aimed to validate a more precise and quantitative method to enable the further investigation of differences between galectins in respect to agglutination induction in different blood groups, as well as the characterisation of small molecule inhibitors. Quantification of hemagglutination was shown to be optimal using U-bottom plates imaged and analysed with FIJI ImageJ rather than flat-bottom plates read for absorbance on an optical density plate reader. Galectin-3-induced red blood cell agglutination efficacy increased significantly from blood group O to A to B. However, for both the galectin-1 monomer and concatemer, a more comparable effect was observed between blood group B and O, but with more potent effects than in blood group A. Inhibition assays for both galectin-3 and galectin-1 induced-hemagglutination were able to demonstrate clear concentration responses and expected selectivity profiles for a set of small-molecule glycomimetics, confirming the historical profiles obtained in biochemical binding and functional cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Slack
- Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
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Kim H, Kretz L, Ronin C, Starck C, Roper JA, Kahl-Knutson B, Peterson K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Pedersen A, Zetterberg FR, Slack RJ. Determining the Affinity and Kinetics of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Galectin-1 Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6704. [PMID: 38928409 PMCID: PMC11203799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin galectin-1 can bind, via its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), to various cell surface glycoproteins and has been implicated in a range of cancers. As a consequence of binding to sugar residues on cell surface receptors, it has been shown to have a pleiotropic effect across many cell types and mechanisms, resulting in immune system modulation and cancer progression. As a result, it has started to become a therapeutic target for both small and large molecules. In previous studies, we used fluorescence polarization (FP) assays to determine KD values to screen and triage small molecule glycomimetics that bind to the galectin-1 CRD. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to compare human and mouse galectin-1 affinity measures with FP, as SPR has not been applied for compound screening against this galectin. Binding affinities for a selection of mono- and di-saccharides covering a 1000-fold range correlated well between FP and SPR assay formats for both human and mouse galectin-1. It was shown that slower dissociation drove the increased affinity at human galectin-1, whilst faster association was responsible for the effects in mouse galectin-1. This study demonstrates that SPR is a sound alternative to FP for early drug discovery screening and determining affinity estimates. Consequently, it also allows association and dissociation constants to be measured in a high-throughput manner for small molecule galectin-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Kim
- NovAliX, 16 Rue d’Ankara, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Louis Kretz
- NovAliX, 16 Rue d’Ankara, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Ronin
- NovAliX, 16 Rue d’Ankara, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - James A. Roper
- Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik R. Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
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Gędaj A, Gregorczyk P, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Kalka M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. Glycosylation of FGF/FGFR: An underrated sweet code regulating cellular signaling programs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:39-55. [PMID: 38719671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute plasma-membrane localized signaling hubs that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, governing pivotal cellular processes like motility, metabolism, differentiation, division and death. FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for human body development and homeostasis; dysregulation of FGF/FGFR units is observed in numerous developmental diseases and in about 10% of human cancers. Glycosylation is a highly abundant posttranslational modification that is critical for physiological and pathological functions of the cell. Glycosylation is also very common within FGF/FGFR signaling hubs. Vast majority of FGFs (15 out of 22 members) are N-glycosylated and few FGFs are O-glycosylated. Glycosylation is even more abundant within FGFRs; all FGFRs are heavily N-glycosylated in numerous positions within their extracellular domains. A growing number of studies points on the multiple roles of glycosylation in fine-tuning FGF/FGFR signaling. Glycosylation modifies secretion of FGFs, determines their stability and affects interaction with FGFRs and co-receptors. Glycosylation of FGFRs determines their intracellular sorting, constitutes autoinhibitory mechanism within FGFRs and adjusts FGF and co-receptor recognition. Sugar chains attached to FGFs and FGFRs constitute also a form of code that is differentially decrypted by extracellular lectins, galectins, which transform FGF/FGFR signaling at multiple levels. This review focuses on the identified functions of glycosylation within FGFs and FGFRs and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Alamri A. Sema-3E/PlexinD1 axis modulates dendritic cell phenotypes and functions: Current status and future implications. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110815. [PMID: 38772051 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive research review explores the complex interplay between the Sema-3E/PlexinD1 axis and dendritic cells (DCs), highlighting its critical role in immune modulation with implications for clinical application Critical regulators of immune responses Dendritic cells are central to adaptive immunity, and the Sema-3E /PlexinD1 axis emerges as a key modulator affecting their phenotypes and functions Review delineates the impact of this signaling axis on DC maturation, migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production, unravels its multifaceted role in shaping the immune response. Recognizing the limitations and gaps in current knowledge, the study highlights the need for further studies to condition downstream signaling events and related information experienced by the Sema-3E/PlexinD1 axis emphasizes the clarity of the immune system. The review concludes by identifying opportunities for translation, focusing on therapeutic and diagnostic potential. It highlights the importance of collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts to address the challenges and harness the therapeutic and pathological potential of targeting the Sema-3E/PlexinD1 axis, thus opening the way for transformative advances in immunology and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Huang Z, Liu X, Huang S, Lu F. Galectin-receptor interaction: a key player in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:232. [PMID: 38769548 PMCID: PMC11106894 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum eggs lodge in the liver and induce a fibrotic granulomatous immune response in the liver of host. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a protein implicated in fibrosis in multiple organs. However, the pathology and molecular mechanisms promoting hepatic granuloma formation remain poorly understood. METHODS To investigate the effect of blocking galectin-receptor interactions by α-lactose on liver immunopathology in mice with S. japonicum infection, C57BL/6 mice were infected with S. japonicum and alpha (α)-lactose was intraperitoneally injected to block the interactions of galectins and their receptors. RESULTS Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, there were significantly decreased Gal-3 mRNA and protein expression levels, decreased intensity of Gal-3 fluorescence in the liver, decreased serum ALT and AST levels, decreased egg numbers of S. japonicum in the liver section, attenuated hepatic and spleen pathology, and alleviated liver fibrosis accompanied with decreased protein expression levels of fibrosis markers [α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen IV] in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions with hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, or Western blot analysis. Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, blocking galectin-receptor interactions led to increased eosinophil infiltration and higher eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) expression in the liver, accompanied by increased mRNA levels of eosinophil granule proteins [ECP and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)], IL-5, CCL11, and CCR3 in the liver and decreased mRNA levels of Gal-3 and M2 macrophage cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-4) in the liver and spleen by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, there were increased Beclin1 protein expression and protein expression ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I and decreased p62 protein expression and protein expression ratios of phospho-mTOR/mTOR and phospho-AKT/AKT by Western blot; increased double-labeled F4/80+/LC3B+ cells by immunofluorescence staining; increased M1 macrophage polarization in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS Our data found that blockage of galectin-receptor interactions downregulated Gal-3, which in turn led to reduced liver functional damage, elevated liver eosinophil recruitment, promoted macrophage autophagy through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and alleviated liver pathology and fibrosis. Therefore, Gal-3 plays a pivotal role during S. japonicum infection and could be a target of pharmacologic potential for liver fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhuo Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Shenzhen Nanyou Malt Dentistry Out-Patient Department, Shengzhen, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Tarrad NAF, Shaker OG, Elbanna RMH, AbdelKawy M. "Outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment on Gal-1 and Gal-3 GCF levels in periodontitis patients: a case-control study". Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:309. [PMID: 38743248 PMCID: PMC11093871 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on Galectin-1 and -3 GCF levels in gingivitis and periodontitis stage III compared to periodontally healthy individuals, to determine whether they could serve as diagnostic markers / therapeutic targets for periodontitis and revealing their possible role in periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five systemically healthy participants were included and equally subdivided into three groups: gingivitis, periodontitis (stage III), and a periodontally healthy control group. The clinical parameters were recorded. Galectin-1 and -3 GCF levels were evaluated (before and after non-surgical treatment for periodontitis) using an enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to reveal sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of both markers. RESULTS The study showed statistical significance between different groups regarding Galectin-3 with higher values in periodontitis and the lowest values in healthy control. Also, Galectin-1 was significantly higher in the periodontitis/gingivitis groups than in the control group. Moreover, non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients caused a statistical reduction in clinical parameters and biomarkers. ROC analysis revealed excellent diagnostic ability of both biomarkers in discriminating periodontitis/gingivitis against healthy individuals (100% diagnostic accuracy for Galectin-1 and 93% for Galectin-3, AUC > 0.9) and acceptable diagnostic ability between periodontitis participants against gingivitis (73% diagnostic accuracy for Gal-1 and 80% for Gal-3, AUC > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Both Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 seem to have outstanding diagnostic accuracy for the identification of periodontal disease, an acceptable ability to measure periodontal disease activity and the severity of inflammatory status. Additionally, they could serve as therapeutic targets to monitor treatment efficiency. CLINICALTRIAL GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER: (NCT06038812).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maha AbdelKawy
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Memet O, Cao C, Hu H, Dun Y, Bao X, Liu F, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shen J. Galectin-3 inhibition ameliorates alveolar epithelial cell pyroptosis in phosgene-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111965. [PMID: 38583242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Phosgene is a type of poisonous gas that can cause acute lung injury (ALI) upon accidental exposure. Casualties still occur due to phosgene-induced acute lung injury (P-ALI) from accidents resulting from improper operations. The pathological mechanisms of P-ALI are still understudied. Thus, we performed scRNA-seq on cells isolated from all subpopulations of the BALF in P-ALI and found that Gal3 expression was significantly higher in the gas group than in the control group. Further analysis revealed a ligand-receptor correspondence between alveolar macrophages (AMs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), with Gal3 playing a key role in this interaction. To confirm and elaborate on this discovery, we selected four time points during the previous week: sham (day 0), day 1, day 3, and day 7 in the P-ALI mouse model and found that Gal3 expression was significantly elevated in P-ALI, most abundantly expressed in AM cells. This was further confirmed with the use of a Gal3 inhibitor. The inhibition of Gal3 and elimination of AMs in mice both attenuated epithelial cell pyroptosis, as confirmed in in vitro experiments, and revealed the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Galectin-3 inhibition can ameliorate AEC pyroptosis by inhibiting the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway, thus reducing alveolar damage in mice with P-ALI. This finding provides novel insights for improving treatment efficacy for P-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obulkasim Memet
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Chao Cao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hanbing Hu
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu Dun
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xuanrong Bao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Fuli Liu
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
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10
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Shuai M, Li Y, Guan F, Fu G, Sun C, Ren Q, Wang L, Zhang T. Breaking barriers: How modified citrus pectin inhibits galectin-8. Food Funct 2024; 15:4887-4893. [PMID: 38597504 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of galectin-3-mediated interactions by modified citrus pectin (MCP) could affect several rate-limiting steps in cancer metastasis, but the ability of MCP to antagonize galectin-8 function remains unknown. We hypothesized that MCP could bind to galectin-8 in addition to galectin-3. In this study, a combination of gradual ethanol precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography was used to isolate several fractions from MCP. The ability of these fractions to antagonize galectin-8 function was studied as well as the primary structure and initial structure-function relationship of the major active component MCP-30-3. The results showed that MCP-30-3 (168 kDa) was composed of Gal (13.8%), GalA (63.1%), GlcA (13.0%), and Glc (10.1%). MCP-30-3 could specifically bind to galectin-8, with an MIC value of 0.04 mg mL-1. After MCP-30-3 was hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase or pectinase, its binding activity was significantly reduced. These results provide new insights into the interaction between MCP structure and galectin function, as well as the potential utility in the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shuai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Fanqi Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Guixia Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Chengxin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Qianqian Ren
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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11
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Lin P, Cao W, Chen X, Zhang N, Xing Y, Yang N. Role of mRNA-binding proteins in retinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109870. [PMID: 38514023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a pathological process that primarily occurs in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vein occlusion. It is a common yet debilitating clinical condition that culminates in blindness. Urgent efforts are required to explore more efficient and less limiting therapeutic strategies. Key RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), crucial for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by binding to RNAs, are closely correlated with RNV development. RBP-RNA interactions are altered during RNV. Here, we briefly review the characteristics and functions of RBPs, and the mechanism of RNV. Then, we present insights into the role of the regulatory network of RBPs in RNV. HuR, eIF4E, LIN28B, SRSF1, METTL3, YTHDF1, Gal-1, HIWI1, and ZFR accelerate RNV progression, whereas YTHDF2 and hnRNPA2B1 hinder it. The mechanisms elucidated in this review provide a reference to guide the design of therapeutic strategies to reverse abnormal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenye Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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12
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Yıldırım C. Galectin-9, a pro-survival factor inducing immunosuppression, leukemic cell transformation and expansion. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:571. [PMID: 38662155 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and blood originating from self-renewing cancerous immature blast cells or transformed leukocytes. Despite improvements in treatments, leukemia remains still a serious disease with poor prognosis because of disease heterogeneity, drug resistance and relapse. There is emerging evidence that differentially expression of co-signaling molecules play a critical role in tumor immune evasion. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is one of the key proteins that leukemic cells express, secrete, and use to proliferate, self-renew, and survive. It also suppresses host immune responses controlled by T and NK cells, enabling leukemic cells to evade immune surveillance. The present review provides the molecular mechanisms of Gal-9-induced immune evasion in leukemia. Understanding the complex immune evasion machinery driven by Gal-9 expressing leukemic cells will enable the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for efficient immunotherapy in leukemic patients. Combined treatment approaches targeting T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3)/Gal-9 and other immune checkpoint pathways can be considered, which may enhance the efficacy of host effector cells to attack leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Yıldırım
- Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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13
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Reis E Sousa C, Yamasaki S, Brown GD. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition. Immunity 2024; 57:700-717. [PMID: 38599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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14
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Vrbata D, Červený J, Kulik N, Hovorková M, Balogová S, Vlachová M, Pelantová H, Křen V, Bojarová P. Glycomimetic inhibitors of tandem-repeat galectins: Simple and efficient. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107231. [PMID: 38394919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The binding of human galectins by glycomimetic inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach. The structurally distinct group of tandem-repeat galectins has scarcely been studied so far, and there is hardly any knowledge on their ligand specificity or their inhibitory potential, particularly concerning non-natural carbohydrates. Here, we present the synthesis of a library of seven 3-O-disubstituted thiodigalactoside-derived glycomimetics and their affinity to two tandem-repeat galectins, Gal-8 and Gal-9. The straightforward synthesis of these glycomimetics involved dibutyltin oxide-catalyzed 3,3́-O-disubstitution of commercially available unprotected thiodigalactoside, and conjugation of various aryl substituents by copper-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The inhibitory potential of the prepared glycomimetics for Gal-8 and Gal-9 was assessed, and compared with the established galectins Gal-1 and Gal-3. The introduction of C-3 substituents resulted in an over 40-fold increase in affinity compared with unmodified TDG. The structure-affinity relations within the studied series were discussed using molecular modeling. Furthermore, the prepared glycomimetics were shown to scavenge Gal-8 and Gal-9 from the surface of cancer cells. This pioneering study on the synthetic inhibitors especially of Gal-9 identified lead compounds that may be used in further biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Balogová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Pirone L, Lenza MP, Di Gaetano S, Capasso D, Filocaso M, Russo R, Di Carluccio C, Saviano M, Silipo A, Pedone E. Biophysical and Structural Characterization of the Interaction between Human Galectin-3 and the Lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2895. [PMID: 38474141 PMCID: PMC10932368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the significant involvement of galectins in the development of numerous diseases, the aim of the following work is to further study the interaction between galectin-3 (Gal3) and the LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This manuscript focused on the study of the interaction of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 with the LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of different complementary methodologies, such as circular dichroism; spectrofluorimetry; dynamic and static light scattering and evaluation of the impact of Gal3 on the redox potential membranes of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa cells, as well as ITC and NMR studies. This thorough investigation reinforces the hypothesis of an interaction between Gal3 and LPS, unraveling the structural details and providing valuable insights into the formation of these intricate molecular complexes. Taken together, these achievements could potentially prompt the design of therapeutic drugs useful for the development of agonists and/or antagonists for LPS receptors such as galectins as adjunctive therapy for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Lenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Filocaso
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Russo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Carluccio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Michele Saviano
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
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16
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Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Shapourian H, Ghanadian M, Eskandari N, Shokouhi A, Demirel GY, Bazhin AV, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. TIM-3/Galectin-9 interaction and glutamine metabolism in AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:125. [PMID: 38267906 PMCID: PMC10809689 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is a cell surface molecule that was first discovered on T cells. However, recent studies revealed that it is also highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and it is related to AML progression. As, Glutamine appears to play a prominent role in malignant tumor progression, especially in their myeloid group, therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the relation between TIM-3/Galectin-9 axis and glutamine metabolism in two types of AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1. METHODS Cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 which supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics. 24, 48, and 72 h after addition of recombinant Galectin-9 (Gal-9), RT-qPCR analysis, RP-HPLC and gas chromatography techniques were performed to evaluate the expression of glutaminase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes, concentration of metabolites; Glutamate (Glu) and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in glutaminolysis pathway, respectively. Western blotting and MTT assay were used to detect expression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) as signaling factor, GLS protein and cell proliferation rate, respectively. RESULTS The most mRNA expression of GLS and GDH in HL-60 cells was seen at 72 h after Gal-9 treatment (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001) and in THP-1 cell line was observed at 24 h after Gal-9 addition (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001). The most mTORC and GLS protein expression in HL-60 and THP-1 cells was observed at 72 and 24 h after Gal-9 treatment (p = 0.0001), respectively. MTT assay revealed that Gal-9 could promote cell proliferation rate in both cell lines (p = 0.001). Glu concentration in HL-60 and α-KG concentration in both HL-60 (p = 0.03) and THP-1 (p = 0.0001) cell lines had a decreasing trend. But, Glu concentration had an increasing trend in THP-1 cell line (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Taken together, this study suggests TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction could promote glutamine metabolism in HL-60 and THP-1 cells and resulting in AML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooriyeh Shapourian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shokouhi
- Department of Endocrine and metabolism research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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18
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Di X, Chen J, Li Y, Wang M, Wei J, Li T, Liao B, Luo D. Crosstalk between fibroblasts and immunocytes in fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1545. [PMID: 38264932 PMCID: PMC10807359 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of fibroblasts on the immune system provides insight into the function of fibroblasts. In various tissue microenvironments, multiple fibroblast subtypes interact with immunocytes by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, leading to wound healing, fibrosis, and escape of cancer immune surveillance. However, the specific mechanisms involved in the fibroblast-immunocyte interaction network have not yet been fully elucidated. MAIN BODY AND CONCLUSION Therefore, we systematically reviewed the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast-immunocyte interactions in fibrosis, from the history of cellular evolution and cell subtype divisions to the regulatory networks between fibroblasts and immunocytes. We also discuss how these communications function in different tissue and organ statuses, as well as potential therapies targeting the reciprocal fibroblast-immunocyte interplay in fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of these functional cells under pathophysiological conditions and the mechanisms by which they communicate may lead to the development of effective and specific therapies targeting fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wei
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Tianyue Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Banghua Liao
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
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19
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Pei X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang F, He Y, Li Y, Si Y. Placental galectins: a subfamily of galectins lose the ability to bind β-galactosides with new structural features†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:799-811. [PMID: 37672213 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins. There are 16 different of galectins, each with a specific function determined by its distinct distribution and spatial structure. Galectin-13, galectin-14, and galectin-16 are distinct from other galectin members in that they are primarily found in placental tissue. These galectins, also referred to as placental galectins, play critical roles in regulating pregnancy-associated processes, such as placenta formation and maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. The unique structural characteristics and the inability to bind lactose of placental galectins have recently received significant attention. This review primarily examines the novel structural features of placental galectins, which distinguish them from the classic galectins. Furthermore, it explores the correlation between these structural features and the loss of β-galactoside binding ability. In addition, the newly discovered functions of placental galectins in recent years are also summarized in our review. A detailed understanding of the roles of placental galectins may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing numerous pregnancy diseases and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases, ultimately benefiting the health of mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Pei
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Xuzhou Tongshan Maocun High School, Xuzhou 221135, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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20
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Qiu XN, Hong D, Shi ZR, Lu SY, Lai YX, Ren YL, Liu XT, Guo CP, Tan GZ, Wang LC. TNF-α promotes CXCL-1/8 production in keratinocytes by downregulating galectin-3 through NF-κB and hsa-miR-27a-3p pathway to contribute psoriasis development. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:692-700. [PMID: 37358143 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2229510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment with TNF-α inhibitors improve psoriasis with minimize/minor neutrophils infiltration and CXCL-1/8 expression in psoriatic lesions. However, the fine mechanism of TNF-α initiating psoriatic inflammation by tuning keratinocytes is unclear. Our previous research identified the deficiency of intracellular galectin-3 was sufficient to promote psoriasis inflammation characterized by neutrophil accumulation. This study aims to investigate whether TNF-α participated in psoriasis development through dysregulating galectin-3 expression. METHODS mRNA levels were assessed through quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle/apoptosis. Western blot was used to evaluate the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. HE staining and immunochemistry were used to detect epidermal thickness and MPO expression, respectively. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down hsa-miR-27a-3p while plasmids transfection was used to overexpress galectin-3. Further, the multiMiR R package was utilized to predict microRNA-target interaction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that TNF-α stimulation altered cell proliferation and differentiation and promoted the production of psoriasis-related inflammatory mediators along with the inhibition of galectin-3 expression in keratinocytes. Supplement of galectin-3 could counteract the rise of CXCL-1/8 but not the other phenotypes of keratinocytes induced by TNF-α. Mechanistically, inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway could counteract the decrease of galectin-3 and the increase of hsa-miR-27a-3p expression whereas silence of hsa-miR-27a-3p could counteract the decrease of galectin-3 expression induced by TNF-α treatment in keratinocytes. Intradermal injection of murine anti-CXCL-2 antibody greatly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. CONCLUSION TNF-α initiates psoriatic inflammation by increasing CXCL-1/8 in keratinocytes mediated by the axis of NF-κB-hsa-miR-27a-3p-galectin-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xian Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Peng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Gou L, Yang G, Ma S, Ding T, Sun L, Liu F, Huang J, Gao W. Galectin-14 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth via enhancing heparan sulfate proteoglycan modification. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:418-430. [PMID: 37977559 PMCID: PMC10687530 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and lacks effective treatment. Bulk-sequencing of different gene transcripts by comparing HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues provides some clues for investigating the mechanisms or identifying potential targets for tumor progression. However, genes that are exclusively expressed in a subpopulation of HCC may not be enriched or detected through such a screening. In the current study, we performed a single cell-clone-based screening and identified galectin-14 as an essential molecule in the regulation of tumor growth. The aberrant expression of galectin-14 was significantly associated with a poor overall survival of liver cancer patients with database analysis. Knocking down galectin-14 inhibited the proliferation of tumor growth, whereas overexpressing galectin-14 promoted tumor growth in vivo. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that knocking down galectin-14 decreased glycometabolism; specifically that glycoside synthesis was significantly changed. Further study found that galectin-14 promoted the expression of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that functioned as co-receptors, thereby increasing the responsiveness of HCC cells to growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha. In conclusion, the current study identifies a novel HCC-specific molecule galectin-14, which increases the expression of cell surface HSPGs and the uptake of growth factors to promote HCC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gou
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Core Laboratory, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sujuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tong Ding
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Luan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
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23
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Lv Y, Ma X, Ma Y, Du Y, Feng J. A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9). Genes Dis 2023; 10:2366-2382. [PMID: 37554219 PMCID: PMC10404877 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become the leader in the precision treatment of cancer, bringing a new dawn to the treatment of most cancer patients. Galectin-9 (LGALS9), a member of the galectin family, is a widely expressed protein involved in immune regulation and tumor pathogenesis, and affects the prognosis of various types of cancer. Galectin-9 regulates immune homeostasis and tumor cell survival through its interaction with its receptor Tim-3. In the review, based on a brief description of the signaling mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities of galectin-9 and Tim-3, we summarize the targeted expression patterns of galectin-9 in a variety of malignancies and the promising mechanisms of anti-galectin-9 therapy in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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24
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Nikitopoulou I, Vassiliou AG, Athanasiou N, Jahaj E, Akinosoglou K, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE, Dimakopoulou V, Schinas G, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V, Kotanidou A. Increased Levels of Galectin-3 in Critical COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15833. [PMID: 37958814 PMCID: PMC10650562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is related to hyperinflammation and multiple organ injury, including respiratory failure, thus requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein exhibiting pleiotropic effects, has been previously recognized to participate in inflammation, the immune response to infections and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between galectin-3 and the clinical severity of COVID-19, as well as assess the prognostic accuracy of galectin-3 for the probability of ICU mortality. The study included 235 COVID-19 patients with active disease, treated in two different Greek hospitals in total. Our results showed that median galectin-3 serum levels on admission were significantly increased in critical COVID-19 patients (7.2 ng/mL), as compared to the median levels of patients with less severe disease (2.9 ng/mL, p = 0.003). Galectin-3 levels of the non-survivors hospitalized in the ICU were significantly higher than those of the survivors (median 9.1 ng/mL versus 5.8 ng/mL, p = 0.001). The prognostic accuracy of galectin-3 for the probability of ICU mortality was studied with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a multivariate analysis further demonstrated that galectin-3 concentration at hospital admission could be assumed as an independent risk factor associated with ICU mortality. Our results were validated with galectin-3 measurements in a second patient cohort from a different Greek university hospital. Our results, apart from strongly confirming and advancing previous knowledge with two patient cohorts, explore the possibility of predicting ICU mortality, which could provide useful information to clinicians. Therefore, galectin-3 seems to establish its involvement in the prognosis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it could serve as a promising biomarker in critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Nikolaos Athanasiou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Vasiliki Dimakopoulou
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgios Schinas
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
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25
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Lázár L, Tsagkarakou AS, Stravodimos G, Kontopidis G, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Somsák L, Leonidas DD. Strong Binding of C-Glycosylic1,2-Thiodisaccharides to Galectin-3─Enthalpy-Driven Affinity Enhancement by Water-Mediated Hydrogen Bonds. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12420-12431. [PMID: 37658813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and diabetes, and it is a validated pharmaceutical target for the development of novel therapeutic agents to address unmet medical needs. Novel 1,2-thiodisaccharides with a C-glycosylic functionality were synthesized by the photoinitiated thiol-ene click reaction of O-peracylated 1-C-substituted glycals and 1-thio-glycopyranoses. Subsequent global deprotection yielded test compounds, which were studied for their binding to human galectin-3 by fluorescence polarization and isothermal titration calorimetry to show low micromolar Kd values. The best inhibitor displayed a Kd value of 8.0 μM. An analysis of the thermodynamic binding parameters revealed that the binding Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the new inhibitors was dominated by enthalpy (ΔH). The binding mode of the four most efficient 1,2-thiodisaccharides was also studied by X-ray crystallography that uncovered the unique role of water-mediated hydrogen bonds in conferring enthalpy-driven affinity enhancement for the new inhibitors. This 1,2-thiodisaccharide-type scaffold represents a new lead for galectin-3 inhibitor discovery and offers several possibilities for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Lázár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anastasia S Tsagkarakou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, 224 Trikalon, 43131 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-2210 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-2210 Lund, Sweden
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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27
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Keizman D, Frenkel M, Peer A, Rosenbaum E, Sarid D, Leibovitch I, Mano R, Yossepowitch O, Wolf I, Geva R, Margel D, Rouvinov K, Stern A, Dresler H, Kushnir I, Eliaz I. Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Phase II Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3533. [PMID: 37630724 PMCID: PMC10459199 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal therapy for patients with non-metastatic biochemically relapsed prostate cancer (BRPC-M0) after local therapy is elusive. Thus, the evaluation of new non-toxic compounds in BRPC-M0 patients is warranted. PectaSol®-Modified citrus pectin (P-MCP) is a food supplement categorized as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the FDA. It is a competitive inhibitor of the galectin-3 protein, which is involved in cancer pathogenesis. In an early report of the present phase 2 study, P-MCP treatment for 6 months led to prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) improvement in 75% of patients with BRPC-M0. Herein, we report the second long-term treatment phase of an additional 12 months of P-MCP therapy (4.8 g × 3/day orally) in patients without disease progression after the initial 6 months of therapy. Of the 46 patients that entered the second treatment phase, 7 patients withdrew consent and decided to continue therapy out of pocket, and 39 initiated the second treatment phase. After a total of 18 months of P-MCP treatment, 85% (n = 33) had a durable long-term response, with 62% (n = 24) showing decreased/stable PSA, 90% (n = 35) PSADT improvement, and all with negative scans. No patient had grade 3/4 toxicity. In conclusion, P-MCP may have long-term durable efficacy and is safe in BRPC-M0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keizman
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (D.S.); (I.W.); (R.G.)
| | - Moshe Frenkel
- Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (M.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Avivit Peer
- Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (M.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Eli Rosenbaum
- Department of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel;
| | - David Sarid
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (D.S.); (I.W.); (R.G.)
| | - Ilan Leibovitch
- Department of Urology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel;
| | - Roy Mano
- Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Ofer Yossepowitch
- Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Ido Wolf
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (D.S.); (I.W.); (R.G.)
| | - Ravit Geva
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (D.S.); (I.W.); (R.G.)
| | - David Margel
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel;
| | - Keren Rouvinov
- Department of Oncology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Anat Stern
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA; (A.S.); (I.E.)
| | - Hadas Dresler
- Department of Oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9124001, Israel;
| | - Igal Kushnir
- Department of Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA; (A.S.); (I.E.)
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Li X, Wang H, Jia A, Cao Y, Yang L, Jia Z. LGALS1 regulates cell adhesion to promote the progression of ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:326. [PMID: 37415637 PMCID: PMC10320426 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the significance and molecular mechanisms of galectin-1 (LGALS1) in ovarian cancer (OC). Using the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the results of the present study demonstrated that LGALS1 mRNA expression was markedly increased in OC and associated with advanced tumor, lymphatic metastasis and residual lesions. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients who expressed LGALS1 highly had a poor prognosis. Furthermore, using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, differentially expressed genes that are potentially regulated by LGALS1 in OC were determined. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to build a biological network of upregulated differentially expressed genes. The results of the enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with 'ECM-receptor interaction', 'cell-matrix adhesion' and 'focal adhesion', which are closely associated with the metastasis of cancer cells. Subsequently, cell adhesion was selected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that LGALS1 was co-expressed with the candidate genes. Subsequently, the elevated expression levels of candidate genes were verified in OC tissues, and survival analysis indicated that high expression of candidate genes was associated with shortened overall survival of patients with OC. In the present study, OC samples were also collected to verify the high protein expression levels of LGALS1 and fibronectin 1. The results of the present study highlighted that LGALS1 may regulate cell adhesion and participate in the development of OC. Therefore, LGALS1 exhibits potential as a therapeutic target in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Huifei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Aran Jia
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zanhui Jia
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Hachisu K, Tsuchida A, Takada Y, Mizuno M, Ideo H. Galectin-4 Is Involved in the Structural Changes of Glycosphingolipid Glycans in Poorly Differentiated Gastric Cancer Cells with High Metastatic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12305. [PMID: 37569679 PMCID: PMC10418866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination is difficult to treat surgically, and frequently recurs and metastasizes. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this disease, and there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. Our previous study demonstrated that galectin-4 participates in the peritoneal dissemination of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. In this study, the glycan profiles of cell surface proteins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of the original (wild), galectin-4 knockout (KO), and rescue cells were investigated to understand the precise mechanisms involved in the galectin-4-mediated regulation of associated molecules, especially with respect to glycosylation. Glycan analysis of the NUGC4 wild type and galectin-4 KO clones with and without peritoneal metastasis revealed a marked structural change in the glycans of neutral GSLs, but not in N-glycan. Furthermore, mass spectrometry (MS) combined with glycosidase digestion revealed that this structural change was due to the presence of the lacto-type (β1-3Galactosyl) glycan of GSL, in addition to the neolacto-type (β1-4Galactosyl) glycan of GSL. Our results demonstrate that galectin-4 is an important regulator of glycosylation in cancer cells and galectin-4 expression affects the glycan profile of GSLs in malignant cancer cells with a high potential for peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Hachisu
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takada
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Hiroko Ideo
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
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Yaluri N, Stančáková Yaluri A, Žeňuch P, Žeňuchová Z, Tóth Š, Kalanin P. Cardiac Biomarkers and Their Role in Identifying Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2508. [PMID: 37568870 PMCID: PMC10417576 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Both lifestyle and genetics influence the development of CVD. It is often diagnosed late, when the treatment options are limited. Early diagnosis of CVD with help of biomarkers is necessary to prevent adverse outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause cardiovascular complications even in patients with no prior history of CVD. This review highlights cardiovascular biomarkers, including novel ones, and their applications as diagnostic and prognostic markers of cardiovascular complications related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were shown to have elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers, namely N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and troponins, indicating acute myocardial damage. These biomarkers were also associated with higher mortality rates and therefore should be used throughout COVID-19 patient care to identify high-risk patients promptly to optimize their outcomes. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) are also considered as potential biomarkers and predictors of cardiac and vascular damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Identifying molecular pathways contributing to cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 is essential for development of early biomarkers, identification of new therapeutic targets, and better prediction and management of cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Yaluri
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research, University Research Park Medipark, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Pavol Žeňuch
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research, University Research Park Medipark, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Žeňuchová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research, University Research Park Medipark, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Tóth
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research, University Research Park Medipark, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kalanin
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research, University Research Park Medipark, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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31
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Rudjord-Levann AM, Ye Z, Hafkenscheid L, Horn S, Wiegertjes R, Nielsen MA, Song M, Mathiesen CB, Stoop J, Stowell S, Straten PT, Leffler H, Vakhrushev SY, Dabelsteen S, Olsen JV, Wandall HH. Galectin-1 induces a tumor-associated macrophage phenotype and upregulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1. iScience 2023; 26:106984. [PMID: 37534161 PMCID: PMC10391608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a presumed immunomodulatory role and an elusive function on antigen-presenting cells. Here we analyzed the expression of galectin-1 and found upregulation of galectin-1 in the extracellular matrix across multiple tumors. Performing an in-depth and dynamic proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of human macrophages stimulated with galectin-1, we show that galectin-1 induces a tumor-associated macrophage phenotype with increased expression of key immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1/CD274) and immunomodulator indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1). Galectin-1 induced IDO1 and its active metabolite kynurenine in a dose-dependent manner through JAK/STAT signaling. In a 3D organotypic tissue model system equipped with genetically engineered tumorigenic epithelial cells, we analyzed the cellular source of galectin-1 in the extracellular matrix and found that galectin-1 is derived from epithelial and stromal cells. Our results highlight the potential of targeting galectin-1 in immunotherapeutic treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha M. Rudjord-Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Horn
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renske Wiegertjes
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A.I. Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming Song
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline B.K. Mathiesen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesse Stoop
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sean Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Per Thor Straten
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, BMC C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H. Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Talwar JV, Laub D, Pagadala MS, Castro A, Lewis M, Luebeck GE, Gorman BR, Pan C, Dong FN, Markianos K, Teerlink CC, Lynch J, Hauger R, Pyarajan S, Tsao PS, Morris GP, Salem RM, Thompson WK, Curtius K, Zanetti M, Carter H. Autoimmune alleles at the major histocompatibility locus modify melanoma susceptibility. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1138-1161. [PMID: 37339630 PMCID: PMC10357503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer represent two different aspects of immune dysfunction. Autoimmunity is characterized by breakdowns in immune self-tolerance, while impaired immune surveillance can allow for tumorigenesis. The class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), which displays derivatives of the cellular peptidome for immune surveillance by CD8+ T cells, serves as a common genetic link between these conditions. As melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells have been shown to target melanocyte-specific peptide antigens more often than melanoma-specific antigens, we investigated whether vitiligo- and psoriasis-predisposing MHC-I alleles conferred a melanoma-protective effect. In individuals with cutaneous melanoma from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 451) and an independent validation set (n = 586), MHC-I autoimmune-allele carrier status was significantly associated with a later age of melanoma diagnosis. Furthermore, MHC-I autoimmune-allele carriers were significantly associated with decreased risk of developing melanoma in the Million Veteran Program (OR = 0.962, p = 0.024). Existing melanoma polygenic risk scores (PRSs) did not predict autoimmune-allele carrier status, suggesting these alleles provide orthogonal risk-relevant information. Mechanisms of autoimmune protection were neither associated with improved melanoma-driver mutation association nor improved gene-level conserved antigen presentation relative to common alleles. However, autoimmune alleles showed higher affinity relative to common alleles for particular windows of melanocyte-conserved antigens and loss of heterozygosity of autoimmune alleles caused the greatest reduction in presentation for several conserved antigens across individuals with loss of HLA alleles. Overall, this study presents evidence that MHC-I autoimmune-risk alleles modulate melanoma risk unaccounted for by current PRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Laub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meghana S Pagadala
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - McKenna Lewis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Georg E Luebeck
- Public Health Sciences Division, Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bryan R Gorman
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Cuiping Pan
- Palo Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Frederick N Dong
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julie Lynch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard Hauger
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Palo Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Kit Curtius
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Laboratory of Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Mackinnon AC, Tonev D, Jacoby B, Pinzani M, Slack RJ. Galectin-3: therapeutic targeting in liver disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:779-791. [PMID: 37705214 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2258280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rising incidence of liver diseases is a worldwide healthcare concern. However, the therapeutic options to manage chronic inflammation and fibrosis, the processes at the basis of morbidity and mortality of liver diseases, are very limited. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a protein implicated in fibrosis in multiple organs. Several Gal-3 inhibitors are currently in clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review describes our current understanding of the role of Gal-3 in chronic liver diseases, with special emphasis on fibrosis. Also, we review therapeutic advances based on Gal-3 inhibition, describing drug properties and their current status in clinical research. EXPERT OPINION Currently, the known effects of Gal-3 point to a direct activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to its activation in liver macrophages and activated macrophages play a key role in tissue fibrogenesis. However, more research is needed to elucidate the role of Gal-3 in the different activation pathways, dissecting the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of Gal-3, and its role in pathogenesis. Gal-3 could be a target for early therapy of numerous hepatic diseases and, given the lack of therapeutic options for liver fibrosis, there is a strong pharmacologic potential for Gal-3-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitar Tonev
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Jacoby
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Slack
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kochneva A, Efremov D, Murzina SA. Proteins journey-from marine to freshwater ecosystem: blood plasma proteomic profiles of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum, 1792 during spawning migration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216119. [PMID: 37383149 PMCID: PMC10293649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is a commercial anadromous fish species of the family Salmonidae. This species has a 2-year life cycle that distinguishes it from other salmonids. It includes the spawning migration from marine to freshwater environments, accompanied by significant physiological and biochemical adaptive changes in the body. This study reveals and describes variability in the blood plasma proteomes of female and male pink salmon collected from three biotopes-marine, estuarine and riverine-that the fish pass through in spawning migration. Identification and comparative analysis of blood plasma protein profiles were performed using proteomics and bioinformatic approaches. The blood proteomes of female and male spawners collected from different biotopes were qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished. Females differed primarily in proteins associated with reproductive system development (certain vitellogenin and choriogenin), lipid transport (fatty acid binding protein) and energy production (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase), and males in proteins involved in blood coagulation (fibrinogen), immune response (lectins) and reproductive processes (vitellogenin). Differentially expressed sex-specific proteins were implicated in proteolysis (aminopeptidases), platelet activation (β- and γ-chain fibrinogen), cell growth and differentiation (a protein containing the TGF_BETA_2 domain) and lipid transport processes (vitellogenin and apolipoprotein). The results are of both fundamental and practical importance, adding to existing knowledge of the biochemical adaptations to spawning of pink salmon, a representative of economically important migratory fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Kochneva
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis Efremov
- Ecology of Fishes and Water Invertebrates Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Murzina
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Guo Y, Li L, Hu S. Circulating Galectin-3 levels and Diabetic Nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:163. [PMID: 37291488 PMCID: PMC10249253 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Changes of serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, current literature indicates that the given results remain debatable and inconsistent. Hence, the aim of this present meta-analysis was to focus on the predictive role of serum Gal-3 in patients with DN. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies that reported the relationship between Gal-3 levels and DN risk, from the inception of each database to March, 2023. The literature we selected for inclusion based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to investigate the association. When I2 value exceeding 50%, we will consider it has the presence of a higher level of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to seek the potential sources of heterogeneity. The quality assessment was performed using according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The data analysis was conducted using STATA version 13.0 software. RESULTS We ultimately enrolled 9 studies enrolling a total of 3137 patients in the final analysis. The SMD of serum Gal-3 was higher in patients with DN group (SMD 1.10 ng/mL [0.63, 1.57]; I2: 96.1%). Upon removal of a study in sensitivity analysis, patients with DN had higher serum Gal-3 levels compared to control patients (SMD 1.03 ng/mL [0.52, 1.54], I2: 94.4%). Further subgroup analysis was performed based on the region. No matter in Asia, Europe or Africa, the serum Gal-3 level of DN patients is significantly higher than that of the control population (SMD: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.87 for Asian; SMD: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.10 for Europe; SMD: 3.15; 95% CI: 2.73 to 3.56 for Africa). CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results suggested that higher serum Gal-3 may increase the risk of DN. More fundamental studies are necessary to clarify the exact physiopathological basis mechanisms of Gal-3 effects. In addition, further research, especially emphasis on the cut-off value should be given, and is best to predict their actual importance as well as the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Organ Procurement Organization, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Lustig M, Chan C, Jansen JHM, Bräutigam M, Kölling MA, Gehlert CL, Baumann N, Mester S, Foss S, Andersen JT, Bastian L, Sondermann P, Peipp M, Burger R, Leusen JHW, Valerius T. Disruption of the sialic acid/Siglec-9 axis improves antibody-mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178817. [PMID: 37346044 PMCID: PMC10279866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of surface expressed sialoglycans on tumor cells is one of the mechanisms which promote tumor growth and progression. Specifically, the interactions of sialic acids with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) on lymphoid or myeloid cells transmit inhibitory signals and lead to suppression of anti-tumor responses. Here, we show that neutrophils express among others Siglec-9, and that EGFR and HER2 positive breast tumor cells express ligands for Siglec-9. Treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidases or a sialyl transferase inhibitor significantly reduced binding of a soluble recombinant Siglec-9-Fc fusion protein, while EGFR and HER2 expression remained unchanged. Importantly, the cytotoxic activity of neutrophils driven by therapeutic EGFR or HER2 antibodies in vitro was increased by blocking the sialic acid/Siglec interaction, either by reducing tumor cell sialylation or by a Siglec-9 blocking antibody containing an effector silenced Fc domain. In vivo a short-term xenograft mouse model confirmed the improved therapeutic efficacy of EGFR antibodies against sialic acid depleted, by a sialyltransferase inhibitor, tumor cells compared to untreated cells. Our studies demonstrate that sialic acid/Siglec interactions between tumor cells and myeloid cells can impair antibody dependent tumor cell killing, and that Siglec-9 on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) is critically involved. Considering that PMN are often a highly abundant cell population in the tumor microenvironment, Siglec-9 constitutes a promising target for myeloid checkpoint blockade to improve antibody-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. H. Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Max A. Kölling
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Baumann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Mester
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorenz Bastian
- Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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38
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Radziejewska I. Galectin-3 and Epithelial MUC1 Mucin-Interactions Supporting Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2680. [PMID: 37345016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface proteins is a very common feature of many cancers. One of the glycoproteins, which undergoes specific alterations in the glycosylation of tumor cells is epithelial MUC1 mucin, which is highly overexpressed in the malignant state. Such changes lead to the appearance of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on MUC1, which are rarely seen in healthy cells. One of these structures is the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1-3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which is typical for about 90% of cancers. It was revealed that increased expression of the T antigen has a big impact on promoting cancer progression and metastasis, among others, due to the interaction of this antigen with the β-galactose binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3). In this review, we summarize current information about the interactions between the T antigen on MUC1 mucin and Gal-3, and their impact on cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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39
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Ding JT, Yang KP, Zhou HN, Huang YF, Li H, Zong Z. Landscapes and mechanisms of CD8 + T cell exhaustion in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149622. [PMID: 37180158 PMCID: PMC10166832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte, are a key component of the tumor immune system, but they enter a hyporeactive T cell state in long-term chronic inflammation, and how to rescue this depleted state is a key direction of research. Current studies on CD8+ T cell exhaustion have found that the mechanisms responsible for their heterogeneity and differential kinetics may be closely related to transcription factors and epigenetic regulation, which may serve as biomarkers and potential immunotherapeutic targets to guide treatment. Although the importance of T cell exhaustion in tumor immunotherapy cannot be overstated, studies have pointed out that gastric cancer tissues have a better anti-tumor T cell composition compared to other cancer tissues, which may indicate that gastrointestinal cancers have more promising prospects for the development of precision-targeted immunotherapy. Therefore, the present study will focus on the mechanisms involved in the development of CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and then review the landscapes and mechanisms of T cell exhaustion in gastrointestinal cancer as well as clinical applications, which will provide a clear vision for the development of future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang-Ping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao-Nan Zhou
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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40
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Lee YG, Yang N, Chun I, Porazzi P, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Sauter CT, Guruprasad P, Pajarillo R, Ruella M. Apoptosis: a Janus bifrons in T-cell immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005967. [PMID: 37055217 PMCID: PMC10106075 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive T-cell transfer have yielded unprecedented clinical results in hematological malignancies and solid cancers. While T cell-based immunotherapies have multiple mechanisms of action, their ultimate goal is achieving apoptosis of cancer cells. Unsurprisingly, apoptosis evasion is a key feature of cancer biology. Therefore, enhancing cancer cells' sensitivity to apoptosis represents a key strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer cells are characterized by several intrinsic mechanisms to resist apoptosis, in addition to features to promote apoptosis in T cells and evade therapy. However, apoptosis is double-faced: when it occurs in T cells, it represents a critical mechanism of failure for immunotherapies. This review will summarize the recent efforts to enhance T cell-based immunotherapies by increasing apoptosis susceptibility in cancer cells and discuss the role of apoptosis in modulating the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and potential strategies to overcome this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inkook Chun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Christopher Tor Sauter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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41
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Yu X, Qian J, Ding L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076501. [PMID: 37047471 PMCID: PMC10095249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.
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42
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Mohammadpour H, Tsuji T, MacDonald CR, Sarow JL, Rosenheck H, Daneshmandi S, Choi JE, Qiu J, Matsuzaki J, Witkiewicz AK, Attwood K, Blazar BR, Odunsi K, Repasky EA, McCarthy PL. Galectin-3 expression in donor T cells reduces GvHD severity and lethality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112250. [PMID: 36924493 PMCID: PMC10116561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant donor cytotoxic T cells that attack normal host organs remain a major problem for patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Despite an increase in our knowledge of the pathobiology of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD), the mechanisms regulating the proliferation and function of donor T cells remain unclear. Here, we show that activated donor T cells express galectin-3 (Gal-3) after allo-HCT. In both major and minor histocompatibility-mismatched models of murine aGvHD, expression of Gal-3 is associated with decreased T cell activation and suppression of the secretion of effector cytokines, including IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Mechanistically, Gal-3 results in activation of NFAT signaling, which can induce T cell exhaustion. Gal-3 overexpression in human T cells prevents severe disease by suppressing cytotoxic T cells in xenogeneic aGvHD models. Together, these data identify the Gal-3-dependent regulatory pathway in donor T cells as a critical component of inflammation in aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemn Mohammadpour
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Cameron R MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph L Sarow
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hanna Rosenheck
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Philip L McCarthy
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Na H, Sayed H, Ayala GJ, Wang X, Liu Y, Yu J, Liu T, Mayo KH, Su J. Glutathione disrupts galectin-10 Charcot-Leyden crystal formation to possibly ameliorate eosinophil-based diseases such as asthma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:613-622. [PMID: 36988350 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are the hallmark of many eosinophilic-based diseases, such as asthma. Here, we report that reduced glutathione (GSH) disrupts CLCs and inhibits crystallization of human galectin-10 (Gal-10). GSH has no effect on CLCs from monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis or M. mulatta), even though monkey Gal-10s contain Cys29 and Cys32. Interestingly, human Gal-10 contains another cysteine residue (Cys57). Because GSH cannot disrupt CLCs formed by the human Gal-10 variant C57A or inhibit its crystallization, the effects of GSH on human Gal-10 or CLCs most likely occur by chemical modification of Cys57. We further report the crystal structures of Gal-10 from M. fascicularis and M. mulatta, along with their ability to bind to lactose and inhibit erythrocyte agglutination. Structural comparison with human Gal-10 shows that Cys57 and Gln75 within the ligand binding site are responsible for the loss of lactose binding. Pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry show that human Gal-10 interacts with tubulin α-1B, with GSH, GTP and Mg 2+ stabilizing this interaction and colchicine inhibiting it. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of Gal-10 function and CLC formation and suggests that GSH may be used as a pharmaceutical agent to ameliorate CLC-induced diseases.
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44
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Han W, Meißner EM, Neunteibl S, Günther M, Kahnt J, Dolga A, Xie C, Plesnila N, Zhu C, Blomgren K, Culmsee C. Dying transplanted neural stem cells mediate survival bystander effects in the injured brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:173. [PMID: 36854658 PMCID: PMC9975220 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) transplants provide neuroprotection in models of acute brain injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of NSPCs is required for sending survival signals to the injured brain. The secretome of dying NSPCs contains heat-stable proteins, which protect neurons against glutamate-induced toxicity and trophic factor withdrawal in vitro, and from ischemic brain damage in vivo. Our findings support a new concept suggesting a bystander effect of apoptotic NSPCs, which actively promote neuronal survival through the release of a protective "farewell" secretome. Similar protective effects by the secretome of apoptotic NSPC were also confirmed in human neural progenitor cells and neural stem cells but not in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or human dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that the observed effects are cell type specific and exist for neural progenitor/stem cells across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Eva-Maria Meißner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neunteibl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Madeline Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Ecophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Pharmacology - Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cuicui Xie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Germany.
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45
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Implications of Transglutaminase-Mediated Protein Serotonylation in the Epigenetic Landscape, Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041332. [PMID: 36831672 PMCID: PMC9954789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the case of small-cell lung carcinoma, the highly metastatic nature of the disease and the propensity for several chromatin modifiers to harbor mutations suggest that epigenetic manipulation may also be a promising route for oncotherapy, but histone deacetylase inhibitors on their own do not appear to be particularly effective, suggesting that there may be other regulatory parameters that dictate the effectiveness of vorinostat's reversal of histone deacetylation. Recent discoveries that serotonylation of histone H3 alters the permissibility of gene expression have led to renewed attention to this rare modification, as facilitated by transglutaminase 2, and at the same time introduce new questions about whether this modification belongs to a part of the concerted cohort of regulator events for modulating the epigenetic landscape. This review explores the mechanistic details behind protein serotonylation and its possible connections to the epigenome via histone modifications and glycan interactions and attempts to elucidate the role of transglutaminase 2, such that optimizations to existing histone deacetylase inhibitor designs or combination therapies may be devised for lung and other types of cancer.
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46
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Skubleny D, Lin A, Garg S, McLean R, McCall M, Ghosh S, Spratlin JL, Schiller D, Rayat G. Increased CD4/CD8 Lymphocyte ratio predicts favourable neoadjuvant treatment response in gastric cancer: A prospective pilot study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:303-317. [PMID: 36908322 PMCID: PMC9994053 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy only 40% of gastric cancer tumours achieve complete or partial treatment response. In the absence of treatment response, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer contributes to adverse events without additional survival benefit compared to adjuvant treatment or surgery alone. Additional strategies and methods are required to optimize the allocation of existing treatment regimens such as FLOT chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel). Predictive biomarkers detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods may provide useful data regarding treatment response.
AIM To investigate the utility of CD4, CD8, Galectin-3 and E-cadherin in predicting neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy tumour response in gastric adenocarcinoma.
METHODS Forty-three adult patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, of which 18 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were included in a prospective clinical cohort. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from gastric cancer and normal adjacent gastric mucosa. Differences in expression of Galectin-3, E-cadherin, CD4+ and CD8+ molecules between tumours with and without treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed with IHC. Treatment response was graded by clinical pathologists using the Tumour Regression Score according to the College of American Pathologists criteria. Treatment response was defined as complete or near complete tumour response, whereas partial or poor/no response was defined as incomplete. Digital IHC images were annotated and quantitatively assessed using QuPath 0.3.1. Biomarker expression between responsive and incomplete response tumours was assessed using a two-sided Wilcoxon test. Biomarker expression was also compared between normal and cancer tissue and between 15 paired tumour samples before and after chemotherapy. We performed a preliminary multivariate analysis and power analysis to guide future study. Statistical analyses were completed using R 4.1.2.
RESULTS The ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly greater in treatment responsive tumours (Wilcoxon, P = 0.03). In univariate models, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was the only biomarker that significantly predicted favourable treatment response (Accuracy 86%, P < 0.001). Using a glmnet multivariate model, high CD4+/CD8+ ratio and low Galectin-3 expression were the most influential variables in predicting a favourable treatment response. Analyses of paired samples found that FLOT chemotherapy also results in increased expression of CD4+ and CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (Paired Wilcoxon, P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively). Our power analysis suggests future study requires at least 35 patients in each treatment response group for CD8 and Galectin-3 molecules, whereas 80 patients in each treatment response group are required to assess CD4 and E-cadherin biomarkers.
CONCLUSION We demonstrate that an elevated CD4+/CD8+ Ratio is a promising IHC-based biomarker to predict favourable treatment response to FLOT neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skubleny
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saurabh Garg
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross McLean
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael McCall
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Spratlin
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T5G 1Z2, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Schiller
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina Rayat
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
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Assem M, El-Araby RE, Al-Karmalawy AA, Nabil R, Kamal MAM, Belal A, Ghamry HI, Abourehab MAS, Ghoneim MM, Alshahrani MY, El Leithy AA. Promoter methylation might shift the balance of Galectin-3 & 12 expression in de novo adult acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Genet 2023; 14:1122864. [PMID: 36861129 PMCID: PMC9968970 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was reported as the most common type of leukemia among adults. Galectins constitute a family of galactose-binding proteins reported to play a critical role in many malignancies including AML. Galectin-3 and -12 are members of the mammalian galectin family. To understand the contribution of galectin-3 and -12 promoter methylation to their expression, we performed bisulfite methylation-specific (MSP)-PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) of primary leukemic cells in patients with de novo AML before receiving any therapy. Here, we show a significant loss of LGALS12 gene expression in association with promoter methylation. The lowest degree of expression was found in the methylated (M) group while the highest degree was in the unmethylated (U) group and the partially methylated (P) group expression lies in between. This was not the case with galectin-3 in our cohort unless the CpG sites analyzed were outside the frame of the studied fragment. We were also able to identify four CpG sites (CpG number 1, 5, 7& 8) in the promoter region of galectin-12; these sites must be unmethylated so that expression can be induced. As far as the authors know, these findings were not previously concluded in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Assem
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rady E. El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Central Lab, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Ministry of Scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy, ; Asmaa A. El Leithy,
| | - Reem Nabil
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Kamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. El Leithy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy, ; Asmaa A. El Leithy,
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48
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Ezhilarasan D. Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin-3 in chronically injured liver. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:673-686. [PMID: 36745560 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) previously referred to as S-type lectins, is a soluble protein that specifically binds to β-galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. Gal-3 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal-3 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal-3 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal-3 directly interacts with the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal-3 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen-producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal-3 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal-3 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal-3 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal-3 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal-3 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Su AL, Loch-Caruso R. Apoptotic responses stimulated by the trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine depend on cell differentiation state in BeWo human trophoblast cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105514. [PMID: 36336211 PMCID: PMC9949904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placental villous cytotrophoblasts differentiate via cell fusion and multinucleation to create syncytiotrophoblasts, a cell type at the maternal-fetal interface. Apoptosis of syncytiotrophoblasts is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The human trophoblast BeWo cell line has been used as an in vitro model for this differentiation process, also known as syncytialization. In the current study, we exposed unsyncytialized BeWo cells, BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, and syncytialized BeWo cells to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), a metabolite of the industrial chemical trichloroethylene (TCE). DCVC exposure at 50 μM for 48 h decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity, increased caspase 3/7 activity, and increased nuclear condensation or fragmentation in BeWo cells regardless of their differentiation status. Investigating mechanisms of apoptosis, DCVC increased H2O2 abundance and decreased PRDX2 mRNA in all three BeWo cell models. DCVC decreased tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) concentration in media and decreased NFKB1 and PRDX1 mRNA expression in syncytialized BeWo cells only. DCVC decreased BCL2 mRNA expression in syncytializing BeWo cells and in syncytialized BeWo cells only. Decreased LGALS3 mRNA was seen in unsyncytialized BeWo cells only. Together, these data suggest roles for oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mechanisms underlying apoptosis in BeWo cells with differences depending on differentiation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Su
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Zhang L, Lin Y, Xu X, Liu H, Wang X, Pan J. Telotristat Etiprate alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by targeting LGALS3 and affecting MAPK signaling. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2023; 12:45-57. [PMID: 36873667 PMCID: PMC9976094 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most widespread chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases characterized by continuous erosion of bone and cartilage by synovial hyperplasia. Telotristat Etiprate is an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. Telotristat Etiprate can be used in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Telotristat Etiprate on RA and its mechanism. We investigated Telotristat Etiprate in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice and in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Results showed that Telotristat Etiprate had anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, can inhibit the invasion and migration of cells, inhibit the formation of pannus, and induce cell apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry analysis showed that Galectins-3 (LGALS3) could be a newly identified target of Telotristat Etiprate, affecting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway through UBE2L6, thereby improving RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Pan
- Address correspondence to:Jihong Pan, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan 250062, China. E-mail:
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