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Tan J, Wu X, Wang L, Wu N, Yang H, Ruan S, Qi Y. Easily overlooked petiole traits are key factors that affect soil carbon sequestration in plantations in karst areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175298. [PMID: 39111420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration in karst areas has shifted from expanding planting areas to the collective enhancement of various ecological functions, especially carbon sequestration. Identifying and regulating key plant functional traits involved in the carbon cycle is an effective approach to increase carbon sequestration. However, reports on the significant contribution of petiole traits to the carbon cycle are scarce. Eucalyptus globulus and Bauhinia purpurea plantations in Liujiang river basin were investigated in this study. Petiole traits, understory characteristics, and soil organic carbon have been measured. The aim is to explore key effect of petiole traits for increasing soil carbon sequestration and to provide scientific evidence for the high-quality development of plantations in karst areas. The results indicate that in Eucalyptus globulus plantations, when the understory vegetation coverage is below 50 %, petioles tend to elongate rather than thicken, leading to an increase in specific petiole length. In Bauhinia purpurea plantations, petioles consistently tend to increase diameter. However, when specific leaf area decreases, specific petiole length increases. In both plantations, an increase in specific petiole length accelerates leaf shedding. It leads to increased litter accumulation so that soil carbon content increases. In Eucalyptus globulus plantations, to enhance soil carbon sequestration as an ecological goal, it is recommended to keep the soil total nitrogen below 1.20 mg/g, to control understory vegetation coverage below 50 %, and to limit the extension of Bidens pilosa. In Bauhinia purpurea plantations, within 100 m of altitude, the soil total nitrogen can be controlled below 1.00 mg/g to increase soil organic carbon from large leaf shedding due to the increase of specific petiole length. At lower altitudes, increasing soil total nitrogen can enhance understory vegetation coverage, allowing soil organic carbon to originate from both leaf shedding and understory vegetation residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tan
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuqin Wu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR and GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqiao Ruan
- Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yuchuan Qi
- Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, China
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Chen Y, Ma J, Wang H, Xie T, Li Q, Shan L. Fine Root Traits across Different Root Orders and Their Associations with Leaf Traits in 15 Co-Occurring Plant Species from the Desert-Oasis Transition Zone in the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2472. [PMID: 39273955 PMCID: PMC11396981 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Fine root traits embody trade-offs between resource acquisition and conservation in plants. Yet, the differentiation of these traits across root orders, the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES) spanning these orders, and their linkage with leaf traits remain underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the first three root orders and leaf traits of 15 co-occurring plant species, including ten herbs and five shrubs, from the desert-oasis transition zone of the Hexi Corridor. We measured twelve morphological and chemical traits to investigate the relationships between root and leaf traits. Our results revealed significant variation in root traits both among species and within species across different root orders. We identified RES that spanned root orders, with higher-order roots exhibiting more conservative traits and lower-order roots displaying traits aligned with resource acquisition. Additionally, leaf and fine root traits showed partially decoupled adaptive strategies, yet evidence also supported the existence of a leaf economics spectrum (LES) and a potentially two-dimensional whole plant economics spectrum (WPES). Our findings suggest synergistic resource allocation strategies between fine roots and the entire plant, emphasizing the importance of root order in understanding fine root structure, function, and their interactions with other plant organs. These insights advance the understanding of fine root traits and their integration within the broader plant economics spectrum. Nevertheless, the differences in fine root traits across root orders, the presence of a root economics spectrum (RES) spanning these orders, and the relationships between fine root and leaf traits remain underexplored. We examined the first three root orders and leaves of 15 co-occurring plant species (ten herbs and five shrubs) from the desert-oasis transition zone in the Hexi Corridor, measured twelve key morphological and chemical traits. We observed substantial variation in root traits among species and root orders within species. The root economics spectrum (RES) spanned across root orders, with higher-order roots positioned at the conservative end and lower-order roots at the acquisitive end of the "investment-return" strategy axis. Leaf and fine root traits of the 15 co-occurring plant species exhibited partially decoupled adaptive strategies. However, there was also evidence for the presence of a leaf economics spectrum (LES) and a whole plant economics spectrum (WPES), with the WPES potentially being two-dimensional. Furthermore, our findings suggest synergistic resource strategies between fine roots and the whole plant. Concurrently, the significant interspecific and intraspecific differences in fine root traits, combined with the presence of a root economics spectrum across root orders, underscore the critical importance of root order in studying fine root structure, function, and their associations with other plant organs. Our findings offer valuable insights for future research on fine root traits, the RES, and their integration with the whole plant economics spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quangang Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lishan Shan
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Tang G, Wang Y, Lu Z, Cheng S, Hu Z, Chen S, Chen L, Tang J, Xu Y, Cai N. Effects of Combined Nitrogen-Phosphorus on Biomass Accumulation, Allocation, and Allometric Growth Relationships in Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings after Top Pruning. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2450. [PMID: 39273934 PMCID: PMC11396927 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Pinus yunnanensis (Franch), a species endemic to southwestern China, provides significant ecological and economic benefits. The quality of afforestation can be enhanced by promoting high-quality sprout growth. This study analyzed the effects of six fertilization treatments following top pruning: T1 (N: 0 g/plant-1; P: 0 g/plant-1), T2 (N: 0 g/plant-1; P: 2 g/plant-1), T3 (N: 0 g/plant-1; P: 4 g/plant-1), T4 (N: 0.6 g/plant-1; P: 0 g/plant-1), T5 (N: 0.6 g/plant-1; P: 2 g/plant-1), and T6 (N: 0.6 g/plant-1; P: 4 g/plant-1). The accumulation and allocation of aboveground biomass in roots, stems, and leaves of P. yunnanensis were measured, as well as changes in biomass per plant at 90 days (early stage), 180 days (middle stage), and 270 days (late stage) post-fertilization. At 90 days, root biomass accumulation in T3 was significantly higher, by 13.31%, compared to that in T1 (p < 0.05). The growth rates of stem and plant biomass followed the order T6 > T1 > T3 > T5 > T4 > T2. The biomass of sprouts and individual plants exhibited allometric growth under T1, T5, and T6 treatments. At 180 days, needle biomass allocation in T1 and T4 increased by 7.47% and 8.6%, respectively, compared to 90 days. Combined nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization significantly influenced aboveground biomass allocation, promoting growth more effectively than other treatments. By 270 days, the stem and individual biomass in T2 and T3 treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.01) compared to other treatments. Overall, root, stem, and sprouts were primarily influenced by phosphorus fertilization, while nitrogen fertilization notably promoted needle and leaf growth in later stages. The aboveground components were more affected by phosphorus fertilization. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers enhanced early-stage stem and sprouts, as well as late-stage root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhuangyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sili Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhaoliu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Segura V, Rasia LL, Candela AM, Flores DA. Postnatal Skull Development Reveals a Conservative Pattern in Living and Fossil Vizcachas Genus Lagostomus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21775. [PMID: 39256990 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is the only living species in the genus, being notably larger than fossil congeneric species, such as Lagostomus incisus, from the Pliocene of Argentina and Uruguay. Here, we compare the skull growth allometric pattern and sexual dimorphism of L. maximus and L. incisus, relating shape and size changes with skull function. We also test whether the ontogenetic trajectories and allometric trends between both sexes of L. maximus follow the same pattern. A common allometric pattern between both species was the elongation of the skull, a product of the lengthening of rostrum, and chondrogenesis on the spheno-occipitalis synchondrosis and coronalis suture. We also detected a low proportion of skull suture fusion. In some variables, older male specimens did not represent a simple linear extension of female trajectory, and all dimorphic traits were related to the development of the masticatory muscles. Sexual dimorphism previously attributed to L. incisus would indicate that this phenomenon was present in the genus since the early Pliocene and suggests social behaviors such as polygyny and male-male competition. Ontogenetic changes in L. incisus were similar to L. maximus, showing a conservative condition of the genus. Only two changes were different in the ontogeny of both species, which appeared earlier in L. incisus compared to L. maximus: the development of the frontal process of the nasals in a square shape, and the straight shape of the occipital bone in lateral view. Juveniles of L. maximus were close to adult L. incisus in the morphospace, suggesting a peramorphic process. The sequence of suture and synchondroses fusion showed minor differences in temporozygomatica and frontonasalis sutures, indicating major mechanical stress in L. maximus related to size. We suggest a generalized growth path in Chinchillidae, but further analyses are necessary at an evolutionary level, including Lagidium and Chinchilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Segura
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciano L Rasia
- CONICET, División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana M Candela
- CONICET, División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - David A Flores
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Vertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Toriño P, Dutel H, Soto M, Norbis W, Ezquerra V, Perea D. Reconstructing an ancient fish: Three-dimensional skeletal restoration of the head of Mawsonia (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) using CT scan, and an adjusted model for body size estimation in fossil coelacanths. J Anat 2024; 245:467-489. [PMID: 38749764 PMCID: PMC11306766 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mawsonia constitutes one of the most conspicuous fossil coelacanth taxa, due to its unique anatomy and possible maximum body size. It typifies Mesozoic coelacanth morphology, before the putative disappearance of the group in the fossil record. In this work, the three-dimensional cranial anatomy and body size estimations of this genus are re-evaluated from a recently described specimen from Upper Jurassic deposits of Uruguay. The 3D restoration was performed directly on the material based on anatomical information provided by the living coelacanth Latimeria and previous two-dimensional restorations of the head of Mawsonia. The montage was then scanned with computed tomography and virtually adjusted to generate an interactive online resource for future anatomical, taxonomic and biomechanical research. In general terms, the model constitutes a tool to improve both the anatomical knowledge of this genus and its comparison with other coelacanths. It also facilitates the evaluation of possible evolutionary trends and the discussion of particular features with potential palaeobiological implications, such as the anterior position of the eye and the development of the pseudomaxillary fold. Regarding the body size, a previous model for body size estimation based on the gular plate was submitted to OLS, RMA, segmented linear and PGLS regressions (including the evaluation of regression statistics, variance analysis, t-tests and residual analysis). The results point to a power relationship between gular and total lengths showing a better support than a simple linear relationship. The new resulting equations were applied to the studied individual and are provided for future estimates. Although an isometric evolutionary growth cannot be rejected with the available evidence, additional models developed with other bones will be necessary to evaluate possible hidden evolutionary allometric trends in this group of fishes, thus avoiding overestimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Toriño
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro Universitario Regional Noreste - sede Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Dutel
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
- Craniofacial Growth and Form, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matías Soto
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Uruguay
| | - Walter Norbis
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Víctor Ezquerra
- Departamento Clínico de Imagenología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Perea
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Uruguay
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Mangalam M, Isoyama Y, Ogata H, Nose-Ogura S, Kayaba M, Nagai N, Kiyono K. Multi-scaling allometry in human development, mammalian morphology, and tree growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19957. [PMID: 39198500 PMCID: PMC11358500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Various animal and plant species exhibit allometric relationships among their respective traits, wherein one trait undergoes expansion as a power-law function of another due to constraints acting on growth processes. For instance, the acknowledged consensus posits that tree height scales with the two-thirds power of stem diameter. In the context of human development, it is posited that body weight scales with the second power of height. This prevalent allometric relationship derives its nomenclature from fitting two variables linearly within a logarithmic framework, thus giving rise to the term "power-law relationship." Here, we challenge the conventional assumption that a singular power-law equation adequately encapsulates the allometric relationship between any two traits. We strategically leverage quantile regression analysis to demonstrate that the scaling exponent characterizing this power-law relationship is contingent upon the centile within these traits' distributions. This observation fundamentally underscores the proposition that individuals occupying disparate segments of the distribution may employ distinct growth strategies, as indicated by distinct power-law exponents. We introduce the innovative concept of "multi-scale allometry" to encapsulate this newfound insight. Through a comprehensive reevaluation of (i) the height-weight relationship within a cohort comprising 7, 863, 520 Japanese children aged 5-17 years for which the age, sex, height, and weight were recorded as part of a national study, (ii) the stem-diameter-height and crown-radius-height relationships within an expansive sample of 498, 838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees spanning diverse geographical locations, and (iii) the brain-size-body-size relationship within an extensive dataset encompassing 1, 552 mammalian species, we resolutely substantiate the viability of multi-scale allometric analysis. This empirical substantiation advocates a paradigm shift from uni-scaling to multi-scaling allometric modeling, thereby affording greater prominence to the inherent growth processes that underlie the morphological diversity evident throughout the living world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Yosuke Isoyama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nose-Ogura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Research, Japan High-Performance Sport Center, Japan Institute Sports Sciences, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Narumi Nagai
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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He R, Shi H, Hu M, Zhou Q, Dang H, Zhang Q. Differential phenotypic plasticity of subalpine trees predicts trait integration under climate warming. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39155709 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding limiting factors of phenotypic plasticity is essential given its critical role in shaping biological adaptation and evolution in changing environments. It has been proposed that the pattern of phenotypic correlation could constrain trait plasticity. However, the interplay between phenotypic plasticity and integration has remained contentious. We experimentally simulated climate warming in juveniles of three subalpine tree species by exposing them to three-year in situ open-top chambers (OTCs), and then measured functional plasticity of 72 eco-physiological traits to evaluate whether phenotypic integration constituted an intrinsic constraint to plasticity. We also tested the relationship between the differences in plasticity and maintenance in trait integration. Phenotypic plasticity was positively associated with integration in deciduous tree species under warming. The difference in the plasticity of two paired traits could predict their integration in different environments, where traits displaying more similar plasticity were more likely to be correlated. Our study showed no indication that phenotypic integration constrained plasticity. More importantly, we demonstrated that differential plasticity between traits might result in a notable reorganization of the trait associations, and that warming commonly induced a tighter phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the interplay between phenotypic plasticity and integration in subalpine trees under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Haishan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Silvestro R, Mencuccini M, García-Valdés R, Antonucci S, Arzac A, Biondi F, Buttò V, Camarero JJ, Campelo F, Cochard H, Čufar K, Cuny HE, de Luis M, Deslauriers A, Drolet G, Fonti MV, Fonti P, Giovannelli A, Gričar J, Gruber A, Gryc V, Guerrieri R, Güney A, Guo X, Huang JG, Jyske T, Kašpar J, Kirdyanov AV, Klein T, Lemay A, Li X, Liang E, Lintunen A, Liu F, Lombardi F, Ma Q, Mäkinen H, Malik RA, Martinez Del Castillo E, Martinez-Vilalta J, Mayr S, Morin H, Nabais C, Nöjd P, Oberhuber W, Olano JM, Ouimette AP, Paljakka TVS, Peltoniemi M, Peters RL, Ren P, Prislan P, Rathgeber CBK, Sala A, Saracino A, Saulino L, Schiestl-Aalto P, Shishov VV, Stokes A, Sukumar R, Sylvain JD, Tognetti R, Treml V, Urban J, Vavrčík H, Vieira J, von Arx G, Wang Y, Yang B, Zeng Q, Zhang S, Ziaco E, Rossi S. Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scale. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6169. [PMID: 39103349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestro
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada.
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/ Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), c/ Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Serena Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alberto Arzac
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Franco Biondi
- DendroLab, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Valentina Buttò
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Filipe Campelo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katarina Čufar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henri E Cuny
- Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN), 54250, Champigneulles, France
| | - Martin de Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Environmental Science Institute, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Annie Deslauriers
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Drolet
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et des Forêts du Québec, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Marina V Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Gruber
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vladimír Gryc
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aylin Güney
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Xiali Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxue East Road 100, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7) 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, CZ-12843, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alexander V Kirdyanov
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Russia
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Audrey Lemay
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Eryuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 68, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Feng Liu
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Fabio Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Qianqian Ma
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Harri Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rayees A Malik
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India-190006, Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Jordi Martinez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), E08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Morin
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Cristina Nabais
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pekka Nöjd
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter Oberhuber
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José M Olano
- EIFAB, iuFOR. Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004, Soria, Spain
| | - Andrew P Ouimette
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Teemu V S Paljakka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Richard L Peters
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Antonio Saracino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Saulino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piia Schiestl-Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 68, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir V Shishov
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jean-Daniel Sylvain
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et des Forêts du Québec, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, CZ-12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanuš Vavrčík
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joana Vieira
- CoLAB ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 68, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bao Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qiao Zeng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Shaokang Zhang
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Emanuele Ziaco
- Institute of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
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9
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Cueva del Castillo R, Sanabria‐Urbán S, Mariño‐Pérez R, Song H. Annual temperature, body size, and sexual size dimorphism in the evolution of Pyrgomorphidae. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70188. [PMID: 39170049 PMCID: PMC11338691 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In many animal species, larger body size is positively correlated with male mating success and female fecundity. However, in the case of insects, in high seasonality environments, natural selection favors a faster maturation that decreases the risk of pre-reproductive death. However, this advantageous adaptation comes at a tradeoff, resulting in a reduction in body size. Maturation time is influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature, season length, and food availability during the rains. The geographic variation in these parameters provides an opportunity to study their impact on the adaptive evolution of body size in Pyrgomorphidae grasshoppers. These grasshoppers exhibit remarkable variation in body size and wing development and can be found in diverse plant communities across Africa, Asia, Australia, and tropical America. In this study, we utilized a phylogenetic approach to examine the evolution of body size, considering climatic factors, and the influence of sexual selection on size differences between males and females. We found a positive correlation between mean annual temperature and sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Remarkably, species exhibiting a strong bias toward larger females were found to be adapted to regions with higher temperatures. In the Pyrgomorphidae family, an intermediate body size was identified as the ancestral trait. Additionally, winged male and female grasshoppers were observed to be larger than their wingless counterparts. Despite the potential conflicting pressures on body size in males and females, these grasshoppers adhere to Rench's Rule, suggesting that sexual selection on males' body size may explain the evolution of SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cueva del Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaTlalnepantlaMexico
| | - Salomón Sanabria‐Urbán
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaTlalnepantlaMexico
| | | | - Hojun Song
- Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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10
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Yang J, Li X, Yang J, Yu S, Zhang H, Yang B. Variation in plant functional traits explains the substitution distribution and allocation strategy of Stipa species across natural grasslands of Ningxia, Northern China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70164. [PMID: 39130094 PMCID: PMC11315868 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional traits reflect plants' adaptability to their environment, and environmental gradients influence their distribution. But few studies have investigated the link between these traits and species substitution patterns or the relevant ecological factors. We measured the aboveground (leaf) and belowground (root) functional traits of Stipa species in 17 plots across natural grasslands in Ningxia in Northern China. Redundancy analysis was used to explore the relationships between Stipa's functional traits and its species substitution distribution. Then, on the species substitution gradient, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify and quantify the leaf economic spectrum (LES), root economic spectrum (RES), and whole-plant economic spectrum (WPES), with the relation between these spectra investigated by fitting standardized major axis regressions. The effects of aboveground, belowground, and whole-plant ecological factors were quantified and ranked by variance decomposition and hierarchical partitioning. Our results showed that functional traits drive the substitution distribution of Stipa species, in being variously coupled with its desert, typical, and meadow steppe habitat types. The leaf, root, and whole-plant economic spectra of Stipa species in desert steppe exhibit a "quick investment-acquisition" strategy. In typical steppe, the leaf and whole-plant economic spectra of Stipa species correspond to a "fast investment-acquisition" strategy, whereas the root economic spectrum adopts a "slow investment-acquisition" strategy. On meadow steppe, the leaf, root, and whole-plant economic spectra of Stipa species similarly adopt a "slow investment-acquisition" strategy. Finally, when considering the environmental factors involved, we find that the substitution distribution of Stipa spp. is chiefly a response to shifting soil patterns, these mainly driven by soil total nitrogen and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. Collectively, these findings provide an important reference for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of grassland ecosystems, to better understand the relationship between plant functional traits and ecological niche attributes, and thus guide the reasonable restoration of grassland vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest ChinaNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Junlong Yang
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest ChinaNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Forestry and PratacutureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
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11
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Sakata T, Matsuyama S, Kawai K, Yasumoto K, Sekikawa S, Ishida A. Interspecific variation in Rubisco CO 2/O 2 specificity along the leaf economic spectrum across 23 woody angiosperm plants in the Pacific islands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:951-965. [PMID: 38752314 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The coordinated interspecific variation in leaf traits and leaf lifespan is known as the leaf economic spectrum (LES). The limitation of CO2 diffusion to chloroplasts within the lamina is significant in C3 photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of CO2 for Rubisco. Although Rubisco CO2/O2 specificity (SC/O) should be adaptively adjusted in response to the interspecific variation in CO2 concentrations [CO2] associated with Rubisco, SC/O variations across species along the LES remain unknown. We investigated the coordination among leaf traits, including SC/O, CO2 conductance, leaf protein content, and leaf mass area, across 23 woody C3 species coexisting on an oceanic island through phylogenetic correlation analyses. A high SC/O indicates a high CO2 specificity of Rubisco. SC/O was negatively correlated with [CO2] at Rubisco and total CO2 conductance within lamina, while it was positively correlated with leaf protein across species, regardless of phylogenetic constraint. A simulation analysis shows that the optimal SC/O for maximizing photosynthesis depends on both [CO2] at Rubisco sites and leaf protein per unit leaf area. SC/O is a key parameter along the LES axis and is crucial for maximizing photosynthesis across species and the adaptation of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakata
- Biological Laboratory, Center for Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shin Matsuyama
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Seikoh Sekikawa
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
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12
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Ruff CB, Wallace IJ, Abeyta-Brown A, Butler M, Busby T. Technical note: Prediction of body mass from stature and pelvic breadth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e25004. [PMID: 39056207 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Equations for predicting body mass from stature and bi-iliac (maximum pelvic) breadth have been developed, but have had variable success when applied to living or recently deceased individuals, calling into question their general applicability. Here we test these equations on a large, ethnically diverse sample. Skeletal and anthropometric data for 507 recently deceased Indigenous, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White adults were obtained from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. The body mass of individuals with a "normal" body mass index (BMI = 18.5-24.9) is very accurately predicted, with an average directional bias of about 1% and an average random error of less than 8%. Underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5) are overpredicted, while overweight (BMI = 25-29.9) and especially obese (BMI≥30) individuals are underpredicted. Within BMI categories, there is a strong and isometric relationship between predicted and true body mass. Individual body mass prediction errors using the stature/bi-iliac method are mainly dependent on variation in BMI. Because earlier humans were more likely to fall within or close to the normal BMI range, the equations should be applicable, on an individual basis, in archeological and paleontological contexts. Because of the prevalence of obesity in many modern populations, these equations are not applicable in a general forensic context. We derive new equations from nonobese individuals in our sample (n = 338), which produce reasonable average prediction errors. If obese individuals can be identified using other skeletal parameters, these equations may be useful in estimating body mass in nonobese forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Ruff
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian J Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amaya Abeyta-Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Madison Butler
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Taylor Busby
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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13
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Padilla-Morales B, Acuña-Alonzo AP, Kilili H, Castillo-Morales A, Díaz-Barba K, Maher KH, Fabian L, Mourkas E, Székely T, Serrano-Meneses MA, Cortez D, Ancona S, Urrutia AO. Sexual size dimorphism in mammals is associated with changes in the size of gene families related to brain development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6257. [PMID: 39048570 PMCID: PMC11269740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual size dimorphism often reflects the intensity of sexual selection, yet its connection to genomic evolution remains unexplored. Gene family size evolution can reflect shifts in the relative importance of different molecular functions. Here, we investigate the associate between brain development gene repertoire to sexual size dimorphism using 124 mammalian species. We reveal significant changes in gene family size associations with sexual size dimorphism. High levels of dimorphism correlate with an expansion of gene families enriched in olfactory sensory perception and a contraction of gene families associated with brain development functions, many of which exhibited particularly high expression in the human adult brain. These findings suggest a relationship between intense sexual selection and alterations in gene family size. These insights illustrate the complex interplay between sexual dimorphism, gene family size evolution, and their roles in mammalian brain development and function, offering a valuable understanding of mammalian genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Padilla-Morales
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Karina Díaz-Barba
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico city, 04510, Mexico
- Licenciatura en ciencias genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, 62210, México
| | - Kathryn H Maher
- NERC Environmental Omics Facility, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laurie Fabian
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Zoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Martin-Alejandro Serrano-Meneses
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, México
| | - Diego Cortez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, 62210, México
| | - Sergio Ancona
- Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, UNAM, México City, 04510, México
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico city, 04510, Mexico.
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14
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Chong KL, Grahn A, Perl CD, Sumner-Rooney L. Allometry and ecology shape eye size evolution in spiders. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3178-3188.e5. [PMID: 38959880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Eye size affects many aspects of visual function, but eyes are costly to grow and maintain. The allometry of eyes can provide insight into this trade-off, but this has mainly been explored in species that have two eyes of equal size. By contrast, animals possessing larger visual systems can exhibit variable eye sizes within individuals. Spiders have up to four pairs of eyes whose sizes vary dramatically, but their ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary allometry has not yet been studied in a comparative context. We report variable dynamics in eye size across 1,098 individuals in 39 species and 8 families, indicating selective pressures and constraints driving the evolution of different eye pairs and lineages. Supplementing our sampling with a recently published phylogenetically comprehensive dataset, we confirmed these findings across more than 400 species; found that ecological factors such as visual hunting, web building, and circadian activity correlate with eye diameter; and identified significant allometric shifts across spider phylogeny using an unbiased approach, many of which coincide with visual hunting strategies. The modular nature of the spider visual system provides additional degrees of freedom and is apparent in the strong correlations between maximum/minimum investment and interocular variance and three key ecological factors. Our analyses suggest an antagonistic relationship between the anterior and posterior eye pairs. These findings shed light on the relationship between spider visual systems and their diverse ecologies and how spiders exploit their modular visual systems to balance selective pressures and optical and energetic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin L Chong
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.
| | - Angelique Grahn
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Craig D Perl
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Lauren Sumner-Rooney
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.
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15
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Nakagata T, Yamada Y, Taniguchi M, Nanri H, Kimura M, Miyachi M, Ono R. Comparison of step-count outcomes across seven different activity trackers: a free-living experiment with young and older adults. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:156. [PMID: 39026366 PMCID: PMC11264768 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are now many different types of activity trackers, including pedometers and accelerometers, to estimate step counts per day. Previous research has extensively examined step-count measurements using activity trackers across various settings while simultaneously wearing different devices.; however, older adults frequently display distinct walking patterns and gait speeds compared to younger adults. This study aimed to compare the step-count between older and younger adults by having them simultaneously wear seven different activity trackers in free-living experiments. METHODS This study included 35 younger adults (21-43 yrs) and 57 physically independent older adults (65-91 yrs). All participants simultaneously wore one pedometer and six activity trackers: ActiGraph GT3X + Wrist and Hip, Omron Active Style Pro HJA-350IT, Panasonic Actimarker, TANITA EZ-064, Yamasa TH-300, and Yamasa AS-200 for seven days. A regression equation was also used to assess inter-device compatibility. RESULTS When comparing wrist-worn ActiGraph to the six hip-worn activity trackers, the wrist-worn ActiGraph consistently recorded step counts over 4,000 steps higher than hip-worn activity trackers in both groups (range, 3000-5000 steps). Moreover, when comparing the ActiGraph worn on the wrist to that worn on the hip, the proportion was higher among older adults compared to younger ones (younger: 131%, older: 180%). The Actimarker recorded the highest average step counts among six hip-worn devices, with 8,569 ± 4,881 overall, 9,624 ± 5,177 for younger adults, and 7,890 ± 4,562 for older adults. The difference between the hip-worn ActiGraph and Active Style Pro was just about 70 steps/day overall. The correlation among all devices demonstrated a very high consistency, except for the wrist-worn ActiGraph (r = 0.874-0.978). CONCLUSIONS Step counts recorded from seven selected consumer-based and research-grade activity trackers and one pedometer, except for the wrist-worn ActiGraph. showed a variation of approximately 1700 steps (range, 1265-2275 steps) steps for both groups, yet maintained a high correlation with each other. These findings will be valuable for researchers and clinicians as they compare step counts across different studies or representative surveys conducted globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakagata
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-city, 566-0002, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka- city, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-city, 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka- city, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo- ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-city, 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka- city, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe- city, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-city, 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa-city, 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-city, 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
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Wang Z, Wang X, Han B, Liu D, Wang C. Balance between carbon gain and loss in warmer environments: impacts on photosynthesis and leaf respiration in four temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae070. [PMID: 38905287 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration remain a key uncertainty in predicting how forests will respond to climate warming. We grew seedlings of four temperate tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis, at three temperature regimes (ambient, +2 °C, and +4 °C in daytime air temperature). We investigated net photosynthesis (Anet25), maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation (Vcmax25) and RuBP-regeneration (Jmax25), stomatal conductance (gs25), mesophyll conductance (gm25), and leaf respiration (Rleaf) in dark (Rdark25) and in light (Rlight25) at 25 °C in all species. Additionally, we examined the temperature sensitivities of Anet, Vcmax, Jmax, Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica. Our findings showed that the warming-induced decreases in Anet25, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were more prevalent in the late-successional species T. amurensis. Warming had negative impacts on gs25 in all species. Overall, Anet25 was positively correlated with Vcmax25 and Jmax25 across all growth temperatures. However, a positive correlation between Anet25 and gs25 was observed only under warming conditions, and gs25 was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit. This implies that the vapor pressure deficit-induced decrease in gs25 was responsible for the decline in Anet25 at higher temperatures. The optimum temperature of Anet in F. mandshurica increased by 0.59 °C per 1.0 °C rise in growth temperature. While +2 °C elevated the thermal optima of Jmax, it did not affect the other temperature sensitivity parameters of Vcmax and Jmax. Rdark25 was not affected by warming in any species, and Rlight25 was stimulated in T. amurensis. The temperature response curves of Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica were not altered by warming, implying a lack of thermal acclimation. The ratios of Rdark25 and Rlight25 to Anet25 and Vcmax25 in T. amurensis increased with warming. These results suggest that Anet and Rleaf did not acclimate to warming synchronously in these temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingxin Han
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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17
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Barlow GM, Ledbetter NM. Carpal variability and asymmetry in limb reduced Western lesser sirens (Siren nettingi). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21749. [PMID: 38982668 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Trait functionality can act as a constraint on morphological development. Traits that become vestigialized can exhibit unstable developmental patterns such as fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and variation in populations. We use clearing and staining along with morphometric analyzes to compare FA and allometry of limbs in Western lesser sirens (Siren nettingi) to Ouachita dusky salamanders (Desmognathus brimleyorum). Our results describe new carpal phenotypes and carpal asymmetry in our sample of S. nettingi. However, we found no significant evidence of limb length asymmetry in S. nettingi. The degree of relative limb asymmetry correlates inversely with body size in both of our samples. This work provides strong evidence of increased mesopodal variation within a population of S. nettingi. Our work provides a basis for further study of a broader range of morphological traits across salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson M Barlow
- Department of Natural Science, Northwestern Oklahoma State University, Alva, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nicholus M Ledbetter
- Department of Natural Science, Northwestern Oklahoma State University, Alva, Oklahoma, USA
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18
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Rasool SG, Abdullah M, Li D, Yanping L. Relationship between secondary metabolites and insect loads in cabbage with different leaf shapes and positions. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38923178 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondary metabolites in plants play a crucial role in defense mechanisms against insects, pests, and pathogens. These metabolites exhibit varying distributions within and among plant parts under different biotic and abiotic conditions. Understanding the intricate relationships between secondary metabolites and insect populations can be helpful for elucidating plant defense mechanisms and enhancing agricultural managing efficiencies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the glucosinolate profile in the leaves of three cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) varieties on insect loads. METHODS Glucosinolate profiles across different leaf positions (such as bottom, middle, and center) and leaf shapes (such as curly and non-curly leaf) of three cabbage varieties (Xiagan [XGA], Xiaguang [XGU], and Qiangxia [QIX]) were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The insect loads were recorded by visually inspecting the upper and lower layers of each target leaf. RESULTS Increasing concentrations of four glucosinolates, namely, glucoiberin, progoitrin, glucoraphanin, and glucobrassicin, were positively related to insect loads. While increasing concentrations of the other four glucosinolates, such as neoglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, sinigrin, and gluconapin, were negatively related to insect loads. Furthermore, both glucosinolate synthesis and insect loads were significantly higher in the curly-shaped and middle-position leaves than in the non-curly-shaped and bottom- and central-position leaves across the cabbage varieties. CONCLUSION Differences in glucosinolate profiles across leaf positions and shapes strongly influenced the insect loads of the three Brassica varieties. This link may further extend our understanding of the real defense power of a particular variety against herbivore damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Ghulam Rasool
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yanping
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wang H, Wang C, Fan G, Fu C, Huang Y, Liu X, Wang S, Wang K. Effects of different sowing dates on biomass allocation of various organs and allometric growth of Fagopyrum esculentum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1399155. [PMID: 38911984 PMCID: PMC11190297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The sowing date plays a crucial role in influencing the growth and reproduction of plants, with its specific impact on biomass allocation and allometric growth remaining unclear. Understanding these effects is essential for optimizing agricultural practices and enhancing crop productivity. Methods To investigate the effects of sowing dates on biomass allocation and allometric growth, a field experiment was conducted with sequential sowings of Fagopyrum esculentum from April 12th to August 11th in 2018. Biomass measurements were taken across various plant organs, and corresponding allocation calculations were made. A detailed analysis of the allometric growth relationship involving organ biomass variations was performed. Results The study revealed that the accumulation and allocation of organ biomass in buckwheat were significantly impacted by the sowing dates. Delayed planting led to reduced vegetative growth and increased biomass allocation towards reproduction. Allometric parameters such as exponent, constant, and individual size of buckwheat were notably affected by delayed planting. Interestingly, the allometric exponents governing the relationships between reproductive vs. vegetative biomass and belowground vs. aboveground biomass exhibited varying trends across different sowing dates. Discussion Notably, late sowings resulted in significantly higher reproductive biomass compared to early and middle sowings. These findings highlight the nuanced relationship between plant size and reproductive biomass under different sowing dates, emphasizing the critical role of planting timing in shaping mature plant sizes and reproductive outcomes. The study underscores the importance of considering sowing dates in agricultural practices to optimize plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Gaohua Fan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Changxing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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20
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Zhang G, Fortunel C, Niu S, Zuo J, Maeght JL, Yang X, Xia S, Mao Z. Root topological order drives variation of fine root vessel traits and hydraulic strategies in tropical trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2951-2964. [PMID: 38426564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vessel traits contribute to plant water transport from roots to leaves and thereby influence how plants respond to soil water availability, but the sources of variation in fine root anatomical traits remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the variations of fine root vessel traits along topological orders within and across tropical tree species. Anatomical traits were measured along five root topological orders in 80 individual trees of 20 species from a tropical forest in southwestern China. We found large variations for most root anatomical traits across topological orders, and strong co-variations between vessel traits. Within species, theoretical specific xylem hydraulic conductivity (Kth) increased with topological order due to increased mean vessel diameter, size heterogeneity, and decreased vessel density. Across species, Kth was associated with vessel fraction in low-order roots and correlated with mean vessel diameter and vessel density in high-order roots, suggesting a shift in relative anatomical contributors to Kth from the second- to fifth-order roots. We found no clear relationship between Kth and stele: root diameter ratios. Our study shows strong variations in root vessel traits across topological orders and species, and highlights shifts in the anatomical underpinnings by varying vessel-related anatomical structures for an optimized water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Shan Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jean-Luc Maeght
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shangwen Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Shi TS, Collins SL, Yu K, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Li H, Ye JS. A global meta-analysis on the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on grasslands and croplands. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3411. [PMID: 38649721 PMCID: PMC11035549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices to address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Inorganic fertilization increases plant aboveground biomass but often causes a tradeoff with plant diversity loss. It remains unclear, however, whether organic fertilization, as a potential nature-based solution, could alter this tradeoff by increasing aboveground biomass without plant diversity loss. Here we compile data from 537 experiments on organic and inorganic fertilization across grasslands and croplands worldwide to evaluate the responses of aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Both organic and inorganic fertilization increase aboveground biomass by 56% and 42% relative to ambient, respectively. However, only inorganic fertilization decreases plant diversity, while organic fertilization increases plant diversity in grasslands with greater soil water content. Moreover, organic fertilization increases SOC in grasslands by 19% and 15% relative to ambient and inorganic fertilization, respectively. The positive effect of organic fertilization on SOC increases with increasing mean annual temperature in grasslands, a pattern not observed in croplands. Collectively, our findings highlight organic fertilization as a potential nature-based solution that can increase two ecosystem services of grasslands, forage production, and soil carbon storage, without a tradeoff in plant diversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shuai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Huijsmans TERG, Courtiol A, Van Soom A, Smits K, Rousset F, Wauters J, Hildebrandt TB. Quantifying maternal investment in mammals using allometry. Commun Biol 2024; 7:475. [PMID: 38637653 PMCID: PMC11026411 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal investment influences the survival and reproduction of both mothers and their progeny and plays a crucial role in understanding individuals' life-history and population ecology. To reveal the complex mechanisms associated with reproduction and investment, it is necessary to examine variations in maternal investment across species. Comparisons across species call for a standardised method to quantify maternal investment, which remained to be developed. This paper addresses this limitation by introducing the maternal investment metric - MI - for mammalian species, established through the allometric scaling of the litter mass at weaning age by the adult mass and investment duration (i.e. gestation + lactation duration) of a species. Using a database encompassing hundreds of mammalian species, we show that the metric is not highly sensitive to the regression method used to fit the allometric relationship or to the proxy used for adult body mass. The comparison of the maternal investment metric between mammalian subclasses and orders reveals strong differences across taxa. For example, our metric confirms that Eutheria have a higher maternal investment than Metatheria. We discuss how further research could use the maternal investment metric as a valuable tool to understand variation in reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E R G Huijsmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - François Rousset
- Institute of Evolutionary Science of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, campus Triolet, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Jella Wauters
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas B Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Sharma P, Rathee S, Ahmad M, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Kaur S, Kohli RK, Singh HP, Batish DR. Leaf functional traits and resource use strategies facilitate the spread of invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus across an elevational gradient in western Himalayas. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:234. [PMID: 38561674 PMCID: PMC10985864 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is a highly prevalent invasive species in subtropical regions across the world. It has recently been seen to shift from low (subtropical) to high (sub-temperate) elevations. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research investigating the adaptive responses and the significance of leaf functional traits in promoting the expansion to high elevations. The current study investigated the variations and trade-offs among 14 leaf traits (structural, photosynthetic, and nutrient content) of P. hysterophorus across different elevations in the western Himalayas, India. Plots measuring 20 × 40 m were established at different elevations (700 m, 1100 m, 1400 m, and 1800 m) to collect leaf trait data for P. hysterophorus. Along the elevational gradient, significant variations were noticed in leaf morphological parameters, leaf nutrient content, and leaf photosynthetic parameters. Significant increases were observed in the specific leaf area, leaf thickness, and chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, as well as leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content with elevation. On the other hand, there were reductions in the amount of chlorophyll b, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf dry matter content, leaf mass per area, and leaf water content. The trait-trait relationships between leaf water content and dry weight and between leaf area and dry weight were stronger at higher elevations. The results show that leaf trait variability and trait-trait correlations are very important for sustaining plant fitness and growth rates in low-temperature, high-irradiance, resource-limited environments at relatively high elevations. To summarise, the findings suggest that P. hysterophorus can expand its range to higher elevations by broadening its functional niche through changes in leaf traits and resource utilisation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ravinder K Kohli
- Amity University, Sector 82A, IT City, International Airport Road, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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24
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Millan M, Ottaviani G, Beckett H, Archibald S, Mangena H, Stevens N. Disentangling the effect of growth from development in size-related trait scaling relationships. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:485-491. [PMID: 38441404 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In plant ecology, the terms growth and development are often used interchangeably. Yet these constitute two distinct processes. Plant architectural traits (e.g. number of successive forks) can estimate development stages. Here, we show the importance of including the effect of development stages to better understand size-related trait scaling relationships (i.e. between height and stem diameter). We focused on one common savanna woody species (Senegalia nigrescens) from the Greater Kruger Area, South Africa. We sampled 406 individuals that experience different exposure to herbivory, from which we collected four traits: plant height, basal stem diameter, number of successive forks (proxy for development stage), and resprouting. We analysed trait relationships (using standardized major axis regression) between height and stem diameter, accounting for the effect of ontogeny, exposure to herbivory, and resprouting. The number of successive forks affects the scaling relationship between height and stem diameter, with the slope and strength of the relationship declining in more developed individuals. Herbivory exposure and resprouting do not affect the overall height-diameter relationship. However, when height and stem diameter were regressed separately against number of successive forks, herbivory exposure and resprouting had an effect. For example, resprouting individuals allocate more biomass to both primary and secondary growth than non-resprouting plants in more disturbed conditions. We stress the need to include traits related to ontogeny so as to disentangle the effect of biomass allocation to primary and secondary growth from that of development in plant functional relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Millan
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - G Ottaviani
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - H Beckett
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - S Archibald
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - H Mangena
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Stevens
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Song Z, Lu Y, Zhang L, Huang M, Cheng Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Plant size-dependent influence of foliar fungal pathogens promotes diversity through allometric growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:687-699. [PMID: 38396376 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The effect of pathogens on host diversity has attracted much attention in recent years, yet how the influence of pathogens on individual plants scales up to affect community-level host diversity remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of foliar fungal pathogens on plant growth and species richness using allometric growth theory in population-level and community-level foliar fungal pathogen exclusion experiments. We calculated growth scaling exponents of 24 species to reveal the intraspecific size-dependent effects of foliar fungal pathogens on plant growth. We also calculated the intercepts to infer the growth rates of relatively larger conspecific individuals. We found that foliar fungal pathogens inhibited the growth of small conspecific individuals more than large individuals, resulting in a positive allometric growth. After foliar fungal pathogen exclusion, species-specific growth scaling exponents and intercepts decreased, but became positively related to species' relative abundance, providing a growth advantage for individuals of abundant species with a higher growth scaling exponent and intercept compared with rare species, and thus reduced species diversity. By adopting allometric growth theory, we elucidate the size-dependent mechanisms through which pathogens regulate species diversity and provide a powerful framework to incorporate antagonistic size-dependent processes in understanding species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yikang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shiliang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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26
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Greene DF, Kane JM, Pounden E, Michaletz ST. Cone allometry and seed protection from fire are similar in serotinous and nonserotinous conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:93-106. [PMID: 38375897 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Serotiny is an adaptive trait that allows certain woody plants to persist in stand-replacing fire regimes. However, the mechanisms by which serotinous cones avoid seed necrosis and nonserotinous species persist in landscapes with short fire cycles and serotinous competitors remain poorly understood. To investigate whether ovulate cone traits that enhance seed survival differ between serotinous and nonserotinous species, we examined cone traits in 24 species within Pinaceae and Cupressaceae based on physical measurements and cone heating simulations using a computational fluid dynamics model. Fire-relevant cone traits were largely similar between cone types; those that differed (e.g. density and moisture) conferred little seed survival advantage under simulated fire. The most important traits influencing seed survival were cone size and seed depth within the cone, which was found to be an allometric function of cone mass for both cone types. Thus, nonserotinous cones should not suffer significantly greater seed necrosis than serotinous cones of equal size. Closed nonserotinous cones containing mature seeds may achieve substantial regeneration after fire if they are sufficiently large relative to fire duration and temperature. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of the effects of fire-relevant cone traits on conifer regeneration supported by physics-based fire simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Greene
- Department of Forestry, Fire, & Rangeland Management, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Kane
- Department of Forestry, Fire, & Rangeland Management, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Edith Pounden
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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27
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Son J, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Scaling relationships between human leg muscle architectural properties and body size. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246567. [PMID: 38357776 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A skeletal muscle's peak force production and excursion are based on its architectural properties that are, in turn, determined by its mass, muscle fiber length and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). In the classic interspecific study of mammalian muscle scaling, it was demonstrated that muscle mass scales positively allometrically with body mass whereas fiber length scales isometrically with body mass, indicating that larger mammals have stronger leg muscles than they would if they were geometrically similar to smaller ones. Although this relationship is highly significant across species, there has never been a detailed intraspecific architectural scaling study. We have thus created a large dataset of 896 muscles across 34 human lower extremities (18 females and 16 males) with a size range including approximately 90% and 70% of the United States population height and mass, respectively, across the range 36-103 years. Our purpose was to quantify the scaling relationships between human muscle architectural properties and body size. We found that human muscles depart greatly from isometric scaling because muscle mass scales with body mass1.3 (larger exponent than isometric scaling of 1.0) and muscle fiber length scales with negative allometry with body mass0.1 (smaller exponent than isometric scaling of 0.33). Based on the known relationship between architecture and function, these results suggest that human muscles place a premium on muscle force production (mass and PCSA) at the expense of muscle excursion (fiber length) with increasing body size, which has implications for understanding human muscle design as well as biomechanical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsang Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Research Service, Hines VA Hospital, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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28
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Puglielli G, Bricca A, Chelli S, Petruzzellis F, Acosta ATR, Bacaro G, Beccari E, Bernardo L, Bonari G, Bolpagni R, Boscutti F, Calvia G, Campetella G, Cancellieri L, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Carboni M, Carranza ML, Castellani MB, Ciccarelli D, Coppi A, Cutini M, Dalla Vecchia A, Dalle Fratte M, de Francesco MC, De Frenne P, De Sanctis M, de Simone L, Di Cecco V, Fanelli G, Farris E, Ferrara A, Fenu G, Filibeck G, Gasperini C, Gargano D, Kindermann E, La Bella G, Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Maccherini S, Marignani M, Mugnai M, Naselli-Flores L, Passalacqua NG, Pavanetto N, Petraglia A, Rota F, Santoianni LA, Schettino A, Selvi F, Stanisci A, Trotta G, Vangansbeke P, Varricchione M, Vuerich M, Wellstein C, Tordoni E. Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14396. [PMID: 38456670 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has already revealed main independent axes of trait variation defining trait spaces that summarize plant adaptive strategies, but often ignoring intraspecific trait variability (ITV). By using empirical ITV-level data for two independent dimensions of leaf form and function and 167 species across five habitat types (coastal dunes, forests, grasslands, heathlands, wetlands) in the Italian peninsula, we found that ITV: (i) rotated the axes of trait variation that define the trait space; (ii) increased the variance explained by these axes and (iii) affected the functional structure of the target trait space. However, the magnitude of these effects was rather small and depended on the trait and habitat type. Our results reinforce the idea that ITV is context-dependent, calling for careful extrapolations of ITV patterns across traits and spatial scales. Importantly, our study provides a framework that can be used to start integrating ITV into trait space analyses.
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Grants
- Ente Parco Nazionale del Pollino (Rotonda, Italy) in the frame of the project "Un laboratorio naturale permanente nel Parco Nazionale del Pollino"
- National Biodiversity Future Center NBFC, CUP J33C22001190001
- European Union - NextGenerationEU within the framework of National Biodiversity Future Center (Spoke 4, Activity 4)
- NBFC to the University of Florence, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033
- NBFC to University of Roma Tre/Department of Science, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033. Grant of Excellence Departments 2018- 2022, MIUR Italy
- NBFC to University of Molise/Department of Bioscience and Territory, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033, MIUR Italy
- PID2021-122214NA-I00 MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER "ESF Investing in your future"
- Grant of Excellence Departments 2018- 2022, MIUR Italy
- G.Bo. and SM acknowledge the support of NBFC to University of Siena, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, 'Dalla ricerca all', Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bricca
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Beccari
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liliana Bernardo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Bonari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossano Bolpagni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giacomo Calvia
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Cancellieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Marta Carboni
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Carranza
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alice Dalla Vecchia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Carla de Francesco
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Michele De Sanctis
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Giuliano Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arianna Ferrara
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goffredo Filibeck
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Gargano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Kindermann
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Greta La Bella
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Maccherini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Mugnai
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Naselli-Flores
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pavanetto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rota
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Stanisci
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Giacomo Trotta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Marco Varricchione
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Marco Vuerich
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Tordoni
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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29
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Tsujii Y, Atwell BJ, Lambers H, Wright IJ. Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1985-1997. [PMID: 38189091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptations of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency include reduced investment of leaf P in storage (orthophosphates in vacuoles), nucleic acids and membrane lipids. Yet, it is unclear how these adaptations are associated with plant ecological strategies. Five leaf P fractions (orthophosphate P, Pi ; metabolite P, PM ; nucleic acid P, PN ; lipid P, PL ; and residual P, PR ) were analysed alongside leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species from three habitats: one a high-P basalt-derived soil and two low-P sandstone-derived soils, one undisturbed and one disturbed by human activities with artificial P inputs. Species at the undisturbed low-P site generally exhibited lower concentrations of total leaf P ([Ptotal ]), primarily associated with lower concentrations of Pi , and PN . The relative allocation of P to each fraction varied little among sites, except that higher PL per [Ptotal ] (rPL ) was recorded at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. This higher rPL , reflecting relative allocation to membranes, was primarily associated with lower concentrations of leaf nitrogen at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. Associations between leaf P fractions and leaf nitrogen may provide a basis for understanding the variation in plant ecological strategies dependent on soil P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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30
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Yu Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Lei J, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Peng C, Koerner SE, Xu J, Guo L. Responses of C:N:P stoichiometric correlations among plants, soils and microorganisms to warming: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168827. [PMID: 38030014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants, soils and microorganisms play important roles in maintaining stable terrestrial stoichiometry. Studying how nutrient balances of these biotic and abiotic players vary across temperature gradients is important when predicting ecosystem changes on a warming planet. The respective responses of plant, soil and microbial stoichiometric ratios to warming have been observed, however, whether and how the stoichiometric correlations among the three components shift under warming has not been clearly understood and identified. In the present study, we have performed a meta-analysis based on 600 case studies from 74 sites or locations to clarify whether and how warming affects plant, soil and microbial stoichiometry, respectively, and their correlations. Our results indicated that: (1) globally, plants had higher C:N and C:P values compared to soil and microbial pools, but their N:P distributions were similar; (2) warming did not significantly alter plant, soil and microbial C:N and C:P values, but had a noticeable effect on plant N:P ratios. When ecosystem types, duration and magnitude of warming were taken into account, there was an inconsistent and even inverse warming response in terms of the direction and magnitude of changes in the C:N:P ratios occurring among plants, soils and microorganisms; (3) despite various warming responses of the stoichiometric ratios detected separately for plants, soils and microorganisms, the stoichiometric correlations among all three parts remained constant even under different warming scenarios. Our study highlighted the complexity of the effect of warming on the C:N:P stoichiometry, as well as the absence and importance of simultaneous measurements of stoichiometric ratios across different components of terrestrial ecosystems, which should be urgently strengthened in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jichu Lei
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiyou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, USA
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; World Agroforestry Center, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liu B, Li H, Chen W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei X. Dormancy break, sprouting and later tuber reproduction in response to different tuber sizes of tiger nut ( Cyperus esculentus L.). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231616. [PMID: 38356873 PMCID: PMC10864778 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy release pattern, sprout growth and later reproduction were studied among various tuber sizes of Cyperus esculentus to determine effective methods to release dormancy and further to select suitable tuber size of this species in production. The results showed that medium tubers performed better during sprouting than large and small tubers under all pre-sprouting treatments. Pre-sprouting treatments at 25°C, 35°C, RT (room temperature) and -2°C were effective in relieving dormancy in medium tubers. Tiller number from medium tubers were significantly higher under 25°C, RT and 45°C than under 35°C and -2°C. Shoot and root mass from medium tubers were significantly higher under the 25°C, 35°C and RT than under other treatments. Tiller and tuber numbers both decreased with decreasing tuber size, as did tuber yield after three months of growth. Furthermore, leftover mass decreased with decreasing tuber mass and remained unchanged at sprouting and maturity periods. A significantly negative allometric correlation was found between plant mass and tuber mass from small tubers. However, a significantly positive allometric correlation was found between tuber size and tuber number from large tubers. In conclusion, medium tubers had a competitive advantage in sprouting, growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshuo Liu
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbo Li
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Chen
- Institute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China
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Liu G, Fu P, Mao Q, Xia J, Zhao W. Effect of life cycle and venation pattern on the coordination between stomatal and vein densities of herbs. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae007. [PMID: 38435969 PMCID: PMC10908534 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Life cycle (annual vs perennial) and leaf venation pattern (parallel and reticular) are known to be related to water use strategies in herb species and critical adaptation to certain climatic conditions. However, the effect of these two traits and how they influence the coordination between vein density (vein length per area, VLA) and stomatal density (SD) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the leaves of 53 herb species from a subtropical botanical garden in Guangdong Province, China, including herbs with different life cycles and leaf venation patterns. We assessed 21 leaf water-related functional traits for all species, including leaf area (LA), major and minor VLA, major and minor vein diameter (VD), SD and stomatal length (SL). The results showed no significant differences in mean SD and SL between either functional group (parallel venation vs reticular venation and annual vs perennial). However, parallel vein herbs and perennial herbs displayed a significantly higher mean LA and minor VD, and lower minor VLA compared to reticular vein herbs and annual herbs, respectively. There was a linear correlation between total VLA and SD in perennial and reticular vein herbs, but this kind of correlation was not found in annual and parallel vein herbs. The major VLA and minor VD were significantly affected by the interaction between life cycle and leaf venation pattern. Our findings suggested that VLA, rather than SD, may serve as a more adaptable structure regulated by herbaceous plants to support the coordination between leaf water supply and demand in the context of different life cycles and leaf venation patterns. The results of the present study provide mechanistic understandings of functional advantages of different leaf types, which may involve in species fitness in community assembly and divergent responses to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
- Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, China
| | - Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetatcion Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong, China
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Ouyang M, Tian D, Niklas KJ, Yan Z, Han W, Yu Q, Chen G, Ji C, Tang Z, Fang J. The scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth rate over the course of bamboo ontogeny. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1088-1099. [PMID: 37991013 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric rules may explain the allometric scaling among biological traits and body size, a fundamental law of nature. However, testing the scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth to size over the course of plant ontogeny is challenging. Here, we used a fast-growing bamboo species to examine how the concentrations and contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), relative growth rate (G), and nutrient productivity scale with whole-plant mass (M) at the culm elongation and maturation stages. The whole-plant C content vs M and N content vs P content scaled isometrically, and the N or P content vs M scaled as a general 3/4 power function across both growth stages. The scaling exponents of G vs M and N (and P) productivity in newly grown mass vs M relationships across the whole growth stages decreased as a -1 power function. These findings reveal the previously undocumented generality of stoichiometric allometries over the course of plant ontogeny and provide new insights for understanding the origin of ubiquitous quarter-power scaling laws in the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingshui Yu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Marquez-Florez K, Arroyave-Tobon S, Tadrist L, Linares JM. Elbow dimensions in quadrupedal mammals driven by lubrication regime. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2177. [PMID: 38272957 PMCID: PMC10810906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints, such as the elbow, experience different lubrication regimes, ranging from fluid film to boundary lubrication, depending on locomotion conditions. We explore the relationship between the elbow lubrication regime and the size of quadrupedal mammals. We use allometry to analyze the dimensions, contact stress, and sliding speed of the elbow in 110 quadrupedal mammals. Our results reveal that the average diameter and width of the distal humerus are scaled [Formula: see text], which allowed us to estimate a consistent contact pressure and sliding speed across mammals. This consistency likely promotes fluid film lubrication regardless of body mass. Further, the ratio between the diameter and width is about 0.5 for all analyzed taxa, which is a good compromise between loading capacity and size. Our study deepens our understanding of synovial joints and their adaptations, with implications for the development of treatments, prostheses, and bioinspired joint designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Loïc Tadrist
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
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35
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Gong H, Niu Y, Niklas KJ, Huang H, Deng J, Wang Z. Nitrogen and phosphorus allocation in bark across diverse tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168327. [PMID: 37926252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) allocation patterns among various plant organs and tissues is crucial for gaining insights into plant growth and life-history strategies, as well as ecosystem nutrient cycles. However, there is limited information available regarding allocation strategies for N and P in bark (i.e., all tissues external to the vascular cambium), which is an indispensable and specialized secondary tissue system. This study presents analyses of a newly compiled and comprehensive data set comprising 1246 pairwise N-P observations across 335 tree species spanning 557 independent sampling sites worldwide. The aim is to explore the interspecific N and P stoichiometry of bark. The global geometric means for bark N and P concentrations, as well as N:P ratios, were 3.88 mg/g, 0.2 mg/g, and 19.38, respectively. However, these values varied significantly among different functional plant-groups and biomes. Across all 335 species, the N vs. P scaling exponent was 0.69 for bark, which is similar to the 2/3-power scaling relationship observed in leaves and twigs. However, the bark N vs. P scaling exponent differed among functional plant-groups, biomes, and local sites, indicating the absence of a "canonical" scaling exponent. The interactions of soil total N and P collectively accounted for the most significant variation in the bark scaling exponent among local sites. The results indicate that there is no "canonical" bark N vs. P scaling exponent, and that soil nutrient content is the most important factor influencing N and P allocation strategies in bark. These findings may hold significant implications for predicting plant nutrient allocation strategies in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Gong
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- Lanzhou Agro-Technical Research and Popularization Center, Lanzhou 730010, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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36
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Tian J, Dungait JAJ, Hou R, Deng Y, Hartley IP, Yang Y, Kuzyakov Y, Zhang F, Cotrufo MF, Zhou J. Microbially mediated mechanisms underlie soil carbon accrual by conservation agriculture under decade-long warming. Nat Commun 2024; 15:377. [PMID: 38191568 PMCID: PMC10774409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands by switching from conventional to conservation management may be hampered by stimulated microbial decomposition under warming. Here, we test the interactive effects of agricultural management and warming on SOC persistence and underlying microbial mechanisms in a decade-long controlled experiment on a wheat-maize cropping system. Warming increased SOC content and accelerated fungal community temporal turnover under conservation agriculture (no tillage, chopped crop residue), but not under conventional agriculture (annual tillage, crop residue removed). Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and growth increased linearly over time, with stronger positive warming effects after 5 years under conservation agriculture. According to structural equation models, these increases arose from greater carbon inputs from the crops, which indirectly controlled microbial CUE via changes in fungal communities. As a result, fungal necromass increased from 28 to 53%, emerging as the strongest predictor of SOC content. Collectively, our results demonstrate how management and climatic factors can interact to alter microbial community composition, physiology and functions and, in turn, SOC formation and accrual in croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jennifer A J Dungait
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Carbon Management Centre, SRUC-Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ruixing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, PR China
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, PR China.
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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37
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Baird AS, Taylor SH, Reddi S, Pasquet-Kok J, Vuong C, Zhang Y, Watcharamongkol T, John GP, Scoffoni C, Osborne CP, Sack L. Allometries of cell and tissue anatomy and photosynthetic rate across leaves of C 3 and C 4 grasses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:156-173. [PMID: 37876323 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Allometric relationships among the dimensions of leaves and their cells hold across diverse eudicotyledons, but have remained untested in the leaves of grasses. We hypothesised that geometric (proportional) allometries of cell sizes across tissues and of leaf dimensions would arise due to the coordination of cell development and that of cell functions such as water, nutrient and energy transport, and that cell sizes across tissues would be associated with light-saturated photosynthetic rate. We tested predictions across 27 globally distributed C3 and C4 grass species grown in a common garden. We found positive relationships among average cell sizes within and across tissues, and of cell sizes with leaf dimensions. Grass leaf anatomical allometries were similar to those of eudicots, with exceptions consistent with the fewer cell layers and narrower form of grass leaves, and the specialised roles of epidermis and bundle sheath in storage and leaf movement. Across species, mean cell sizes in each tissue were associated with light-saturated photosynthetic rate per leaf mass, supporting the functional coordination of cell sizes. These findings highlight the generality of evolutionary allometries within the grass lineage and their interlinkage with coordinated development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S Baird
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sachin Reddi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Pasquet-Kok
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Vuong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Teera Watcharamongkol
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Partani S, Mehr AD, Maghrebi M, Mokhtari R, Nachtnebel HP, Taniwaki RH, Arzhangi A. A new spatial estimation model and source apportionment of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal surface sediments of the Nayband Bay, Persian Gulf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166746. [PMID: 37678535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbons, originating from oil and gas industries, are considered a potential risk for Nayband Bay, a natural marine park with extended mangroves, located on the north coastlines of the Persian Gulf, Iran. This paper determines the potential sources and spatial distribution of hydrocarbons, especially aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs), in Nayband Bay through the simultaneous application of three indices in the coastline surface sediments. To this end, a field study was conducted in the inter-tidal coastal zones and wetlands. Sediment samples were taken from surface layers along four transects with four sampling points at different distances from the gulf. The hydrocarbon compounds of the samples including AHCs, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and heavy metals (Ni, V as crude oil indicators) were analyzed and classified to discover the pollution indicators. Pearson pairwise correlation and cluster analyses along with pollution indices were employed to describe the spatial distribution pattern of hydrocarbons, identify hot spots, and determine the potential origin of AHCs. Different interpolation scenarios based on topographic and oceanic features were proposed to detect the spatial dynamics of AHCs. The results revealed that hydrocarbons mainly originated from anthropogenic sources including oil and gas industries located far from the affected area. It was also concluded that the long-distance pollution transfer was based on oceanic currents and wind direction in the bay. The proposed scenarios showed that the mean concentration values of total organic carbon and total organic material vary in the range 0.19 ppm to 0.4 ppm and 2.88 ppm to 3.20 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Partani
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
| | - Ali Danandeh Mehr
- Civil Engineering Department, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Mohsen Maghrebi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | | | - Hans-Peter Nachtnebel
- Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of BOKU, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Amin Arzhangi
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
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Vazquez Arreola E, Knowler WC, Baier LJ, Hanson RL. Effects of the ABCC8 R1420H loss-of-function variant on beta-cell function, diabetes incidence, and retinopathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003700. [PMID: 38164708 PMCID: PMC10729258 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ABCC8 gene regulates insulin secretion and plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis. The effects of an ABCC8 R1420H loss-of-function variant on beta-cell function, incidence of type 2 diabetes, and age-at-onset, prevalence, and progression of diabetes complications were assessed in a longitudinal study in American Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed beta-cell function through the relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in members of this population without diabetes aged ≥5 years using standard major axis regression. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to study cross-sectional associations with diabetes complications including increased albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g), severe albuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and retinopathy. This study included 7675 individuals (254 variant carriers) previously genotyped for the R1420H with available phenotypic data and with a median follow-up time of 13.5 years (IQR 4.5-26.8). RESULTS Variant carriers had worse beta-cell function than non-carriers (p=0.0004; on average estimated secretion was 22% lower, in carriers), in children and adults, with no difference in insulin sensitivity (p=0.50). At any body mass index and age before 35 years, carriers had higher type 2 diabetes incidence. This variant did not associate with prevalence of increased albuminuria (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.16), severe albuminuria (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.68), or reduced eGFR (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.06). By contrast, the variant significantly associated with higher retinopathy prevalence (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.53) and this association was only partially mediated (<11%) by glycemia, duration of diabetes, risk factors of retinopathy, or insulin use. Retinopathy prevalence in carriers was higher regardless of diabetes presence. CONCLUSIONS The ABCC8 R1420H variant is associated with increased risks of diabetes and of retinopathy, which may be partially explained by higher glycemia levels and worse beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vazquez Arreola
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Zhang J, Liang M, Tong S, Qiao X, Li B, Yang Q, Chen T, Hu P, Yu S. Response of leaf functional traits to soil nutrients in the wet and dry seasons in a subtropical forest on an island. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236607. [PMID: 38143586 PMCID: PMC10748499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Island ecosystems often have a disproportionate number of endemic species and unique and fragile functional characteristics. However, few examples of this type of ecosystem have been reported. Methods We conducted a comprehensive field study on Neilingding Island, southern China. The leaf samples of 79 subtropical forest tree species were obtained and their functional traits were studied in the dry and wet seasons to explain the relationships between plant functional traits and soil nutrients. Results We found a greater availability of soil moisture content (SMC) and nutrients in the wet season than in the dry season. The values of wet season soil available phosphorus (5.97 mg·kg-1), SMC (17.67%), and soil available potassium (SAK, 266.96 mg·kg-1) were significantly higher than those of the dry season. The leaf dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf density, leaf total carbon, leaf total nitrogen, leaf total calcium, and the N/P and C/P ratios of leaves were all significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, being 18.06%, 12.90%, 12.00%, 0.17%, 3.41%, 9.02%, 26.80%, and 24.14% higher, respectively. In contrast, the leaf area (51.01 cm2), specific leaf area (152.76 cm2·g-1), leaf water content (0.59%), leaf total nitrogen (1.31%), leaf total phosphorus (0.14%), and leaf total magnesium (0.33%) were much lower in the dry season than in the wet one. There were significant pairwise correlations between leaf functional traits, but the number and strength of correlations were significantly different in the dry and wet seasons. The SAK, soil total phosphorus (STP), and pH impacted plant leaf functional traits in the dry season, whereas in the wet season, they were affected by SAK, STP, pH, and NO3- (nitrate). Discussion Both soil nutrients and water availability varied seasonally and could cause variation in a number of leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- School of Ecology/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxia Liang
- School of Ecology/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Tong
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueting Qiao
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buhang Li
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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41
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He Y, Bader MY, Li D, Stark LR, Li X, Liu X, Yuan Q, Guo S, Fang Z, Wang Z. Relationships among sporophytic and gametophytic traits of 27 subtropical montane moss species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16253. [PMID: 37938812 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Moss sporophytes differ strongly in size and biomass partitioning, potentially reflecting reproductive and dispersal strategies. Understanding how sporophyte traits are coordinated is essential for understanding moss functioning and evolution. This study aimed to answer: (1) how the size and proportions of the sporophyte differ between moss species with and without a prominent central strand in the seta, (2) how anatomical and morphological traits of the seta are related, and (3) how sporophytic biomass relates to gametophytic biomass and nutrient concentrations. METHODS We studied the relationships between seta anatomical and morphological traits, the biomass of seta, capsule, and gametophyte, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of 27 subtropical montane moss species. RESULTS (1) Moss species with a prominent central strand in the seta had larger setae and heavier capsules than those without a prominent strand. (2) With increasing seta length, setae became thicker and more rounded for both groups, while in species with a prominent central strand, the ratio of transport-cell area to epidermal area decreased. (3) In both groups, mosses with greater gametophytic biomass tended to have heavier sporophytes, but nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the gametophyte were unrelated to sporophytic traits. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that the central strand in the seta may have an important functional role and affect the allometry of moss sporophytes. The coordinated variations in sporophyte morphological and anatomical traits follow basic biomechanical principles of cylinder-like structures, and these traits relate only weakly to the gametophytic nutrient concentrations. Research on moss sporophyte functional traits and their relationships to gametophytes is still in its infancy but could provide important insights into their adaptative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu He
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Dandan Li
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lloyd R Stark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qizhang Yuan
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | | | - Zhiqiang Fang
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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42
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Dharmarathne C, McLean DJ, Herberstein ME, Schneider JM. Intraspecific body size variation and allometry of genitalia in the orb-web spider- Argiope lobata. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16413. [PMID: 38047024 PMCID: PMC10691382 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current consensus is that sexual selection is responsible for the rapid and diverse evolution of genitalia, with several mutually exclusive mechanisms under debate, including non-antagonistic, antagonistic and stabilizing mechanisms. We used the orb-web spider, Argiope lobata (Araneidae), as a study model to quantify the allometric relationship between body size and genitalia, and to test for any impact of genital structures on male mating success or outcome in terms of copulation duration, leg loss or cannibalism. Our data do not support the 'one-size-fits-all' hypothesis that predicts a negative allometric slope between genitalia and body size. Importantly, we measured both male and female genitalia, and there was no sex specific pattern in allometric slopes. Unexpectedly, we found no predictor for reproductive success as indicated by copulation duration, cannibalism, and leg loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald James McLean
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie E. Herberstein
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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43
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Liao M, Bird AD, Cuntz H, Howard J. Topology recapitulates morphogenesis of neuronal dendrites. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113268. [PMID: 38007691 PMCID: PMC10756852 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers of other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity of nervous systems. Neuronal arbors have geometric properties such as branch lengths and diameters that are optimal in that they maximize signaling speeds while minimizing construction costs. In this work, we asked whether neuronal arbors have topological properties that may also optimize their growth or function. We discovered that for a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate neurons the distributions of their subtree sizes follow power laws, implying that they are scale invariant. The power-law exponent distinguishes different neuronal cell types. Postsynaptic spines and branchlets perturb scale invariance. Through simulations, we show that the subtree-size distribution depends on the symmetry of the branching rules governing arbor growth and that optimal morphologies are scale invariant. Thus, the subtree-size distribution is a topological property that recapitulates the functional morphology of dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maijia Liao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alex D Bird
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ICAR3R-Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann Cuntz
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ICAR3R-Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathon Howard
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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44
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Zhang G, Mao Z, Maillard P, Brancheriau L, Gérard B, Engel J, Fortunel C, Heuret P, Maeght JL, Martínez-Vilalta J, Stokes A. Functional trade-offs are driven by coordinated changes among cell types in the wood of angiosperm trees from different climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1162-1176. [PMID: 37485789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Wood performs several functions to ensure tree survival and carbon allocation to a finite stem volume leads to trade-offs among cell types. It is not known to what extent these trade-offs modify functional trade-offs and if they are consistent across climates and evolutionary lineages. Twelve wood traits were measured in stems and coarse roots across 60 adult angiosperm tree species from temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates. Regardless of climate, clear trade-offs occurred among cellular fractions, but did not translate into specific functional trade-offs. Wood density was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Kth ) in stems and roots, but was not linked to nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), implying a functional trade-off between mechanical integrity and transport but not with storage. NSC storage capacity was positively associated with Kth in stems and negatively in roots, reflecting a potential role for NSC in the maintenance of hydraulic integrity in stems but not in roots. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that evolutionary histories cannot explain covariations among traits. Trade-offs occur among cellular fractions, without necessarily modifying trade-offs in function. However, functional trade-offs are driven by coordinated changes among xylem cell types depending on the dominant role of each cell type in stems and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Loïc Brancheriau
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, Montpellier, 34000, France
- BioWooEB, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Bastien Gérard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Maeght
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
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Colwell RK, Rangel TF, Fučíková K, Sustaita D, Yanega GM, Rico-Guevara A. Repeated Evolution of Unorthodox Feeding Styles Drives a Negative Correlation between Foot Size and Bill Length in Hummingbirds. Am Nat 2023; 202:699-720. [PMID: 37963119 DOI: 10.1086/726036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDifferences among hummingbird species in bill length and shape have rightly been viewed as adaptive in relation to the morphology of the flowers they visit for nectar. In this study we examine functional variation in a behaviorally related but neglected feature: hummingbird feet. We gathered records of hummingbirds clinging by their feet to feed legitimately as pollinators or illegitimately as nectar robbers-"unorthodox" feeding behaviors. We measured key features of bills and feet for 220 species of hummingbirds and compared the 66 known "clinger" species (covering virtually the entire scope of hummingbird body size) with the 144 presumed "non-clinger" species. Once the effects of phylogenetic signal, body size, and elevation above sea level are accounted for statistically, hummingbirds display a surprising but functionally interpretable negative correlation. Clingers with short bills and long hallux (hind-toe) claws have evolved-independently-more than 20 times and in every major clade. Their biomechanically enhanced feet allow them to save energy by clinging to feed legitimately on short-corolla flowers and by stealing nectar from long-corolla flowers. In contrast, long-billed species have shorter hallux claws, as plant species with long-corolla flowers enforce hovering to feed, simply by the way they present their flowers.
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46
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Borczyk B. Sexual dimorphism in skull size and shape of Laticauda colubrina (Serpentes: Elapidae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16266. [PMID: 37868070 PMCID: PMC10590095 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual dimorphism in size and shape is widespread among squamate reptiles. Sex differences in snake skull size and shape are often accompanied by intersexual feeding niche separation. However, allometric trajectories underlying these differences remain largely unstudied in several lineages. The sea krait Laticauda colubrina (Serpentes: Elapidae) exhibits very clear sexual dimorphism in body size, with previous studies having reported females to be larger and to have a relatively longer and wider head. The two sexes also differ in feeding habits: males tend to prey in shallow water on muraenid eels, whereas females prey in deeper water on congerid eels. Methods I investigated sexual dimorphism in skull shape and size as well as the pattern of skull growth, to determine whether males and females follow the same ontogenetic trajectories. I studied skull characteristics and body length in 61 male and female sea kraits. Results The sexes differ in skull shape. Males and females follow distinct allometric trajectories. Structures associated with feeding performance are female-biased, whereas rostral and orbital regions are male-biased. The two sexes differ in allometric trajectories of feeding-related structures (female biased) that correspond to dietary divergence between the sexes. Conclusions Sea kraits exhibit clear sexual dimorphism in the skull form that may be explained by intersexual differences in the feeding habits as well as reproductive roles. The overall skull growth pattern resembles the typical pattern observed in other tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Borczyk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Coservation of Vertebrates, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
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47
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Fiorenza L, Habashi W, Moggi-Cecchi J, Benazzi S, Sarig R. Relationship between interproximal and occlusal wear in Australopithecus africanus and Neanderthal molars. J Hum Evol 2023; 183:103423. [PMID: 37659139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Waseem Habashi
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 39040 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 39040 Tel Aviv, Israel; Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 39040 Tel Aviv, Israel
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48
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Duan X. Stoichiometric characteristics of woody plant leaves and responses to climate and soil factors in China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291957. [PMID: 37733819 PMCID: PMC10513206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The main research content of the field of ecological stoichiometry is the energy of various chemical elements and the interaction between organisms and the environment throughout ecological processes. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main elements required for the growth and development of plants and these also form the constituent basis of biological organisms. Both elements interact and jointly regulate the growth and development of plants, and their element ratios are an indication of the nutrient utilization rate and nutrient limitation status of plants. Previous research developed a general biogeography model of the stoichiometric relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus in plant leaves on a global scale. Further, it was shown that the relative rate of nitrogen uptake by leaves was lower than that of phosphorus, and the scaling exponent of nitrogen and phosphorus was 2/3. However, it is not clear how the stoichiometric values of nitrogen and phosphorus, especially their scaling exponents, change in the leaves of Chinese woody plants in response to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, data sets of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in Chinese woody plants were compiled and classified according to different life forms. The overall average concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves were 20.77 ± 8.12 mg g-1 and 1.58 ± 1.00 mg g-1, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves of deciduous plants were significantly higher than those of evergreen plants. In leaves, life form is the main driving factor of nitrogen content, and mean annual temperature is the main driving factor of phosphorus content; soil available nitrogen is the main driving factor of the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. These values can be used for comparison with other studies. In addition, the scale index was found to be significantly different among different life forms. The scaling exponents of N-P of woody plants of different life forms, such as trees, shrubs, evergreen, deciduous, and coniferous plants are 0.67, 0.72, 0.63, 0.72, and 0.66, respectively. The N-P scaling exponent of shrubs was higher than that of trees, and that of deciduous plants was higher than that of evergreen plants. These results suggest that the internal attributes of different life forms, the growth rate related to phosphorus, and the relative nutrient availability of soil are the reasons for the unsteady relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves.
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Song G, Wang Q, Zhuang J, Jin J. Timely estimation of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under varying light regimes by coupling light drivers to leaf traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14048. [PMID: 37882289 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling informative chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits under varying light conditions is important in ecological studies but has less been investigated. In this study, the trait-ChlF relationship and regressive estimation of ChlF parameters from leaf traits under varying light conditions were investigated using a dataset of synchronous measurements of ChlF parameters and leaf morphological/biochemical traits in Mangifera indica L. The results showed that the relationships between ChlF parameters and leaf traits varied across light intensities, as indicated by different slopes and intercepts, highlighting the limitations of using leaf traits alone to capture the dynamics of ChlF parameters. Light drivers, on the other hand, showed a better predictive ability for light-dependent ChlF parameters compared to leaf traits, with light intensity having a large effect on light-dependent ChlF parameters. Furthermore, the responses of ФF and NPQ to light drivers differed between leaf types, with light intensity having an effect on ФF in shaded leaves, whereas it had a primary effect on NPQ in sunlit leaves. These results facilitate and deepen our understanding of how the light environment affects leaf structure and function and, therefore, provide the theoretical basis for understanding plant ecological strategies in response to the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangman Song
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Quan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jia Jin
- Institute of Geography and Oceanography, Nanning Normal University, P. R. China
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50
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Glazier DS. The Relevance of Time in Biological Scaling. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1084. [PMID: 37626969 PMCID: PMC10452035 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Various phenotypic traits relate to the size of a living system in regular but often disproportionate (allometric) ways. These "biological scaling" relationships have been studied by biologists for over a century, but their causes remain hotly debated. Here, I focus on the patterns and possible causes of the body-mass scaling of the rates/durations of various biological processes and life-history events, i.e., the "pace of life". Many biologists have regarded the rate of metabolism or energy use as the master driver of the "pace of life" and its scaling with body size. Although this "energy perspective" has provided valuable insight, here I argue that a "time perspective" may be equally or even more important. I evaluate various major ways that time may be relevant in biological scaling, including as (1) an independent "fourth dimension" in biological dimensional analyses, (2) a universal "biological clock" that synchronizes various biological rates/durations, (3) a scaling method that uses various biological time periods (allochrony) as scaling metrics, rather than various measures of physical size (allometry), as traditionally performed, (4) an ultimate body-size-related constraint on the rates/timing of biological processes/events that is set by the inevitability of death, and (5) a geological "deep time" approach for viewing the evolution of biological scaling patterns. Although previously proposed universal four-dimensional space-time and "biological clock" views of biological scaling are problematic, novel approaches using allochronic analyses and time perspectives based on size-related rates of individual mortality and species origination/extinction may provide new valuable insights.
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