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Lee A, Lan JCW, Jambrak AR, Chang JS, Lim JW, Khoo KS. Upcycling fruit waste into microalgae biotechnology: Perspective views and way forward. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 8:100203. [PMID: 38633725 PMCID: PMC11021955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable wastes are linked to the depletion of natural resources and can pose serious health and environmental risks (e.g. eutrophication, water and soil pollution, and GHG emissions) if improperly managed. Current waste management practices often fail to recover high-value compounds from fruit wastes. Among emerging valorization methods, the utilization of fruit wastes as a feedstock for microalgal biorefineries is a promising approach for achieving net zero waste and sustainable development goals. This is due to the ability of microalgae to efficiently sequester carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, utilize nutrients in wastewater, grow in facilities located on non-arable land, and produce several commercially valuable compounds with applications in food, biofuels, bioplastics, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutics, and various other industries. However, the application of microalgal biotechnology towards upcycling fruit wastes has yet to be implemented on the industrial scale due to several economic, technical, operational, and regulatory challenges. Here, we identify sources of fruit waste along the food supply chain, evaluate current and emerging fruit waste management practices, describe value-added compounds in fruit wastes, and review current methods of microalgal cultivation using fruit wastes as a fermentation medium. We also propose some novel strategies for the practical implementation of industrial microalgal biorefineries for upcycling fruit waste in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lee
- Algae Bioseparation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Algae Bioseparation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Serra A, Foggi G, Buccioni A, Amarie RE, Tinagli S, Scicutella F, Casarosa L, Secci G, Mantino A, Mele M, Mannelli F. Dietary supplementation with natural antioxidants: assessment of growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103421. [PMID: 38244263 PMCID: PMC10831253 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air and light lowers the meat quality of chickens, which is mainly determined by the color alteration and accumulation of detrimental products from lipid oxidation. This study tests the effects of 2 supplements rich in polyphenols, Oxilem (OX) and OxiGem (OG), on broiler Ross 308 performance and meat quality in comparison to a control group (C). A total of 105 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were allocated to 21 pens and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments. The trial lasted 42 d. Individual live weight and feed intake per pen were recorded. Proximate analysis, color, cholesterol content and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs), fatty acids (FAs), volatile aldehydes profile, and secondary oxidation products of meat FAs were determined, with analyses for detecting oxidative alterations conducted on breast burgers preserved for 7 d at 4°C. Birds fed OG grew 7 g/d more than those receiving OX, reaching a higher final weight. After slaughtering, meat from the OX group had a higher yellow index compared to C. After 7 d of air and light exposure, the influence on the color parameters of the OG and OX burgers was significantly less pronounced than that of C. Secondary oxidation products of the FAs of the burgers were not significantly affected by the diet regimens. In addition, OX and OG burgers exhibited lower amounts of volatile aldehydes, triol and COPs. These results confirm the effectiveness of OX and OG supplementation against lipid oxidation at the inclusion level used in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serra
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Foggi
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roxana E Amarie
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tinagli
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Scicutella
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Casarosa
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Constantin OE, Stoica F, Rațu RN, Stănciuc N, Bahrim GE, Râpeanu G. Bioactive Components, Applications, Extractions, and Health Benefits of Winery By-Products from a Circular Bioeconomy Perspective: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:100. [PMID: 38247524 PMCID: PMC10812587 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant waste streams produced during winemaking include winery by-products such as pomace, skins, leaves, stems, lees, and seeds. These waste by-products were frequently disposed of in the past, causing resource waste and environmental issues. However, interest has risen in valorizing vineyard by-products to tap into their latent potential and turn them into high-value products. Wine industry by-products serve as a potential economic interest, given that they are typically significant natural bioactive sources that may exhibit significant biological properties related to human wellness and health. This review emphasizes the significance of winery by-product valorization as a sustainable management resource and waste management method. The novelty of this review lies in its comprehensive analysis of the potential of winery by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, extraction techniques, health benefits, and applications in various sectors. Chemical components in winery by-products include bioactive substances, antioxidants, dietary fibers, organic acids, and proteins, all of which have important industrial and therapeutic applications. The bioactives from winery by-products act as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents that have proven potential health-promoting effects. Wineries can switch from a linear waste management pattern to a more sustainable and practical method by adopting a circular bioeconomy strategy. Consequently, the recovery of bioactive compounds that function as antioxidants and health-promoting agents could promote various industries concomitant within the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Emilia Constantin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (O.E.C.); (R.N.R.); (N.S.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Florina Stoica
- Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Roxana Nicoleta Rațu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (O.E.C.); (R.N.R.); (N.S.); (G.E.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (O.E.C.); (R.N.R.); (N.S.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Gabriela Elena Bahrim
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (O.E.C.); (R.N.R.); (N.S.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (O.E.C.); (R.N.R.); (N.S.); (G.E.B.)
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İpçak HH, Alçiçek A, Denli M. Dietary encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil supplementation improves performance, modifies the intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptome profile of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae035. [PMID: 38330242 PMCID: PMC10943331 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global antimicrobial resistance has led to a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry farming, encouraging the use of natural phytogenic feed additives that provide similar effects to AGPs without causing resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO) into the diets on the performance, intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptomic profiling of broiler chickens. In the study, 400 one-d-old male chicks of the Ross-308 genotype were randomly distributed into five groups, each with 16 replicates of five birds. The experiment included a control group fed on basal diets without the addition of FEO and treatment groups supplemented with 50 (FEO50), 100 (FEO100), 200 (FEO200), or 400 (FEO400) mg of encapsulated FEO/kg. Body weight and the European Production Efficiency Factor values were higher in the FEO100, FEO200, and FEO400 groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio significantly improved at all FEO levels (P < 0.05). FEO supplementation improved duodenum, jejunum, and ileum morphologies. It enhanced mucosal layer thickness in the duodenum and jejunum, and muscular layer thickness in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). It also increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). According to the transcriptome profile obtained from the microarray analysis of samples taken from small intestine tissues, the mRNA expression levels of 261 genes in the FEO50 group (206 upregulated and 55 downregulated), 302 genes in the FEO100 group (218 upregulated and 84 downregulated), 292 genes in the FEO200 group (231 upregulated and 61 downregulated), and 348 genes in the FEO400 group (268 upregulated and 80 downregulated) changed compared to the control group. Most upregulated genes were associated with catalytic activity, binding, transcription regulators and transcription factors, anatomical structure and cellular development, and protein binding activity modulators. The downregulated genes mostly belonged to the transporter, carrier, and protein-modifying enzyme classes. Besides, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene (4.41-fold) increased significantly in the FEO100 group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FEO improved the performance of broiler chickens by regulating biological processes such as performance and intestinal health, with the 100 mg FEO/kg supplementation being the most prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hüseyin İpçak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alçiçek
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Denli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
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Hafeez A, Hassni SF, Naz S, Alonaizan R, Al-Akeel RK, Sifa D, Shamsi S, Ullah Khan R. Impact of grape ( Vitis vinifera) seed extract on egg production traits, nutrients digestability, lipid peroxidation and fertility of golden laying hens ( Gallus gallus) during early stage of production. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-7. [PMID: 37749897 PMCID: PMC10557559 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2262543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape by-products represent outstanding alternatives to replace conventional and unsustainable feed sources, given the substantial quantities generated annually by the winery industry. Regrettably, the majority of these by-products are wasted, resulting in significant environmental and economic repercussions. This study was conducted to assess the growth performance, feed efficiency, egg production and quality, lipid peroxidation, fertility and hatchability of reproductive laying hens during their early production stage. A total of 720 golden laying hens, all approximately 25 weeks old and with similar body weights, were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (six replicates) as follows: control group receiving only the standard diet, (2) a group receiving the standard diet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 250 g/kg (GSE1), (3) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 500 g/kg (GSE2), and (4) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 750 g/kg (GSE3). There were no significant change (p > 0.05) in feed intak, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the control and the experimental groups. Egg weight, egg shell thickness and egg shell weight were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in GSE250 GSE500 and GSE750 compared to the control. The results showed that hen day egg production was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in GSE500 and GSE 750 compared to the control. Fertility level of GSE 500 and GSE750 was significantly (p < 0.5) higher compared to the control. The MDA level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the GSE supplemented birds compared to the control. From these findings, we concluded that GSE 750 had positive impact on egg production, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving fertility in golden laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal Hassni
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasha Alonaizan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha K. Al-Akeel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dai Sifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Shamsuddin Shamsi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Bešlo D, Golubić N, Rastija V, Agić D, Karnaš M, Šubarić D, Lučić B. Antioxidant Activity, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in the Diet of Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1141. [PMCID: PMC10294820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world’s population grows, so does the need for more and more animal feed. In 2006, the EU banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals in order to reduce chemical residues in food consumed by humans. It is well known that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes must be combated to achieve higher productivity. The adverse effects of the use of pharmaceuticals and other synthetic compounds on animal health and product quality and safety have increased interest in phytocompounds. With the use of plant polyphenols in animal nutrition, they are gaining more attention as a supplement to animal feed. Livestock feeding based on a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach (clean, safe, and green agriculture) would also be a win–win for farmers and society. There is an increasing interest in producing healthier products of animal origin with a higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to saturated fatty acids by modulating animal nutrition. Secondary plant metabolites (polyphenols) are essential chemical compounds for plant physiology as they are involved in various functions such as growth, pigmentation, and resistance to pathogenic organisms. Polyphenols are exogenous antioxidants that act as one of the first lines of cell defense. Therefore, the discoveries on the intracellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols as a plant supplement have contributed significantly to the improvement of antioxidant activity, as polyphenols prevent oxidative stress damage and eliminate excessively produced free radicals. To achieve animal welfare, reduce stress and the need for medicines, and increase the quality of food of animal origin, the addition of polyphenols to research and breeding can be practised in part with a free-choice approach to animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Nataša Golubić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Bono Lučić
- NMR Center, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Martelli G, Westendorf J, Ortuño J, Manini P, Pizzo F. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a dry grape extract (Nor-Grape® α) for all avian species (Nor-Feed S.A.S.). EFSA J 2023; 21:e07964. [PMID: 37064055 PMCID: PMC10100694 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a dry grape extract (Nor-Grape® α) as a zootechnical feed additive, functional group physiological condition stabilisers - increase antioxidant defences, for all avian species. The additive is already authorised for use as a feed flavouring for all animal species, except dogs. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for all avian species. The use of the additive in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. Based on the data submitted, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin or eye irritant or a dermal or respiratory sensitiser. However, the Panel considered that exposure through inhalation is likely. The use of the feed additive is considered safe for the environment. The Panel was unable to conclude on the potential of the additive to be efficacious under the proposed conditions of use.
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Hao C, Gao Q, Zhang J, Muhammad I, Waqar K, Xin G. Effects of grape residue supplementation in diet on Liangfeng chicken growth performance, nutrient metabolism and blood biochemistry. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenqu Hao
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxian Gao
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ismail Muhammad
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kanwal Waqar
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Xin
- Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
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Huerta A, Trocino A, Birolo M, Pascual A, Bordignon F, Radaelli G, Bortoletti M, Xiccato G. Growth performance and gut response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Huerta
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Birolo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antón Pascual
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Bordignon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Bortoletti
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Costa MM, Alfaia CM, Lopes PA, Pestana JM, Prates JAM. Grape By-Products as Feedstuff for Pig and Poultry Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172239. [PMID: 36077957 PMCID: PMC9454619 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape by-products are exceptional options for replacement of conventional and unsustainable feed sources, since large amounts are generated every year from the winery industry. However, the majority is wasted with severe environmental and economic consequences. The present review aimed to evaluate the effects of grape by-products on pig and poultry growth performance. The most recent literature was reviewed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases and the results of a total of 16 and 38 papers for pigs and poultry, respectively, were assessed. Fewer studies are documented for pig, but the incorporation of grape by-products up to 9% feed led to an improvement in growth performance with an increase in average daily gain. Conversely, lower levels (<3% feed) are needed to achieve these results in poultry. The beneficial effects of grape by-products on animal performance are mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gut morphology modulator properties, but their high level of cell wall lignification and content of polyphenolic compounds (e.g., tannin) limits nutrient digestion and absorption by monogastric animals. The use of exogenous enzymes or mechanical/chemical processes can provide additional nutritional value to these products by improving nutrient bioavailability. Overall, the valorization of grape by-products is imperative to use them as feed alternatives and intestinal health promoters, thereby contributing to boost circular agricultural economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M. Costa
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. Pestana
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Pascual A, Pauletto M, Trocino A, Birolo M, Dacasto M, Giantin M, Bordignon F, Ballarin C, Bortoletti M, Pillan G, Xiccato G. Effect of the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood and grape pomace on performance and jejunum response in female and male broiler chickens at different ages. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:102. [PMID: 35978386 PMCID: PMC9387010 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, interest in the use of herbs and phytogenic compounds has grown because of their potential role in the production and health of livestock animals. Among these compounds, several tannins have been tested in poultry, but those from chestnut wood and grape-industry byproducts have attracted remarkable interest. Thus, the present study aimed to gain further insights into the mechanisms involved in the response to the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood or grape pomace. To this purpose, 864 broiler chickens were fed a control diet (C) or the same diet supplemented 0.2% chestnut wood (CN) extract or 0.2% grape pomace (GP) extract from hatching until commercial slaughtering (at 45 days of age) to assess their effects on performance, meat quality, jejunum immune response and whole-transcriptome profiling in both sexes at different ages (15 and 35 d). RESULTS Final live weight and daily weight gain significantly increased (P < 0.01) in chickens fed GP diets compared to CN and C diets. The villi height was lower in chickens fed the CN diet than in those fed the C diet (P < 0.001); moreover, a lower density of CD45+ cells was observed in chickens fed the CN diet (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the C and GP diets. Genes involved in either pro- or anti-inflammatory response pathways, and antimicrobial and antioxidant responses were affected by GP and CN diets. There was no effect of the dietary treatment on meat quality. Regarding sex, in addition to a lower growth performance, females showed a lower occurrence of wooden breast (16.7% vs. 55.6%; P < 0.001) and a higher occurrence of spaghetti meat (48.6% vs. 4.17%; P < 0.001) in pectoralis major muscles after slaughtering than those in males. Based on the results of whole-transcriptome profiling, a significant activation of some molecular pathways related to immunity was observed in males compared with those of females. CONCLUSIONS The GP supplementation improved chicken performance and promoted immune responses in the intestinal mucosa; moreover, age and sex were associated with the most relevant transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascual
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - C Ballarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Bortoletti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Pillan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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12
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The Effects of Purple Corn Pigment on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indices, Meat Quality, Muscle Amino Acids, and Fatty Acids of Growing Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131870. [PMID: 35804685 PMCID: PMC9265630 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of purple corn pigment (PCP) on the growth performance, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, muscle amino acids, and fatty acids of growing chickens. A total of 288 (8 weeks of age) growing Chishui black-bone chickens (body weight, 940 ± 80 g; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly divided into 4 groups using a completely randomized design. The four diet groups were as follows: (1) control, basal diet; (2) treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, which were basal diet with 80, 160, and 240 mg/kg PCP, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the feeding of anthocyanins significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in chickens. Moreover, chickens receiving 80 mg/kg PCP significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albumin concentrations relative to the control group. For meat quality, dietary supplementation with PCP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the drip loss and water loss rate in breast muscle. Additionally, chickens receiving PCP tended to increase (p < 0.05) the levels of most individual amino acids, essential amino acids, and umami amino acids in the muscle. Specifically, the addition of 80 mg/kg PCP significantly improved (p < 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids in chicken muscle. Accordingly, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich PCP by the growing chickens had the potential to increase the growth performance, enhance antioxidant and immune capacities, increase meat quality, and improve essential and umami amino acids as well as unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle.
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Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060766. [PMID: 35740172 PMCID: PMC9219610 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To address this global public health threat, many countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and promoted the development of alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and animal farming. In food-animal production, acidifiers, bacteriophages, enzymes, phytochemicals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have shown hallmarks as alternatives to antibiotics. This review reports the current state of these alternatives as growth-promoting factors for poultry and swine production and describes their mode of action. Recent findings on their usefulness and the factors that presently hinder their broader use in animal food production are identified by SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The potential for resistance development as well as co- and cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics is also discussed. Using predetermined keywords, we searched specialized databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Antibiotic resistance cannot be stopped, but its spreading can certainly be hindered or delayed with the development of more alternatives with innovative modes of action and a wise and careful use of antimicrobials in a One Health approach.
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Productive Performance, Egg Quality and Yolk Lipid Oxidation in Laying Hens Fed Diets including Grape Pomace or Grape Extract. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091076. [PMID: 35565504 PMCID: PMC9100342 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess in laying hens the effect of including grape pomace (GP, at 30 or 60 g/kg) or grape extract (GE, at 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg) on egg production, feed conversion ratio, protein and polyphenol digestibility, egg weight, egg quality, yolk fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of yolk lipids. No differences were detected among diets for egg production (83.8%, on average) or egg mass (56.8 g/d, on average). However, the average egg weight was lower (p = 0.004) for dietary treatments GP 30, GP 60 and GE 0.5 (67.5 g, on average) than for control hens (68.5 g). Accordingly, in hens fed the GP diets the proportion of XL eggs was lower (p = 0.008) than in control hens, while the proportion of M eggs was higher (p < 0.001) in hens fed the diets GP 30, GP 60 and GE 0.5 than in the control group. The dietary inclusion of both GP and GE decreased daily feed intake (120.9 vs. 125.3 g/d, p < 0.001) and the feed conversion ratio (2.09 vs. 2.18, p = 0.01). Feeding GP at 60 g/kg or GE reduced excreta protein digestibility (54.7 vs. 62.8%, p < 0.001), whereas all GP and GE diets showed higher excreta polyphenol digestibility than the control treatment (57.2 vs. 41.0%, p < 0.001). While yolk colour score was increased with all grape diets (8.12 vs. 7.34, p < 0.001), the dietary inclusion of GP, either at 30 or 60 g/kg, and that of GE at 1.0 g/kg increased the Haugh units of the albumen (80.8 vs. 76.4 Haugh units, p = 0.001). Shell thickness remained unaffected by dietary treatments (365.2 μm, on average). When included in the diet at 60 g/kg, GP reduced the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the yolk (31.6 vs. 32.9%, p = 0.001) and that of monounsaturated fatty acids (39.5 vs. 41.4%, p < 0.001), while it increased the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (28.9 vs. 25.7%, p < 0.001). In fresh eggs, no significant differences were found for the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (0.146 mg/kg, on average). In stored eggs, the MDA amount was lower in the eggs of the laying hens fed GP at 60 g/kg than in the eggs of the control hens (1.14 vs. 1.64 mg/kg, p = 0.025). In conclusion, the inclusion of grape pomace, either at 30 or 60 g/kg, and grape extract at 1.0 g/kg in the diet of laying hens improved some egg quality traits, but feeding grape pomace resulted in a lower average weight of eggs. Nevertheless, feeding laying hens with diets containing grape pomace resulted in a higher antioxidant potential in egg yolk than dietary inclusion of grape extract.
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Zhang ZF, Xi Y, Wang ST, Zheng LY, Qi Y, Guo SS, Ding BY. Effects of Chinese Gallnut Tannic Acid on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Antioxidative Status, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbial Shedding in Broilers Challenged with Aflatoxin B1. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6555769. [PMID: 35352127 PMCID: PMC9030211 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers challenged with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 480 1-d-old broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments: 1) CON, control diet, 2) AF, CON + 60 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during d 1 to 21, CON + 120 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during d 22 to 42, 3) TA1, AF +250 mg/kg TA, 4) TA2, AF +500 mg/kg TA. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were increased in the TA1 during d 1 to 21, d 22 to 42 and d1 to 42 compared with CON and AF treatments (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA2 diet had greater ADG and ADFI than those fed the CON and AF diets during the finisher and the whole period (P < 0.05). Administration of TA decreased the relative weight of liver and kidney compared with broilers fed the AF diet on d 42 (P < 0.05). The blood activity of alanine transferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was increased in the AF treatment compared with the CON (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA1 decreased the ALT content on d 21, and the level of ALT and GGT was decreased in the TA2 compared with the AF group on d 42 (P < 0.05). The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma, and the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) was decreased in the AF group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). The TA decreased plasma malondialdehyde concentration, and increased plasma T-SOD, GSH-Px, total antioxidant capacity, and hepatic GST activity compared to the AF (P < 0.05). The crypt depth of jejunum was decreased in the TA1 treatment on d 21, and the villus height of ileum was increased in the TA2 group on d 42 compared with the AF treatment (P < 0.05). The cecal Lactobacillus counts on d 21 was tended to increase in the TA treatments compared with the AF (P = 0.061). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg TA could improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and partially protected the intestinal health of broilers challenged with AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Tian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yun Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Ying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Amer SA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Gouda A, Osman A, Goda NIA, Mohammed HA, Darwish MIM, Hassan AM, Mohamed SKA. Potential Effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract on the Growth, Intestinal Histomorphology, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and the Immune Status of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030544. [PMID: 35326194 PMCID: PMC8944722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of anthocyanin-rich roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (ARRE) on the growth, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology, breast muscle composition, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, and immune status of broiler chickens were evaluated. In the present study, Hibiscus acidified ethanolic extract was reported to have a total anthocyanin content of about 359.3 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g DW, total polyphenol concentration (TPC) of about 598 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g DW, and total flavonoids (TFs) of about 100 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW. Two-hundred-fifty one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) (87.85 gm ± 0.32) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with five levels of ARRE: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Kg−1 for 35 days. Dietary ARRE addition did not improve the birds’ growth and carcass traits. Supplemental ARRE increased the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (ω-3) percentage in the breast muscle. Dietary ARRE increased the villous height, and the ARRE100 group raised the villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary ARRE increased the immunoexpression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the spleen. The serum thyroxine hormone (T4) level was higher in the ARRE200 group. The serum growth hormone level was increased by ARRE addition in a level-dependent manner. According to the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum inclusion level of ARRE was 280 mg Kg−1. All levels of supplemental ARRE decreased the serum triglyceride level. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in the ARRE100-ARRE400 groups, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was increased in the ARRE200 group, and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased by increasing the ARRE level. Supplemental ARRE significantly increased the serum levels of lysozymes and IL10. The serum complement 3 (C3) level was increased in ARRE200 and ARRE400 groups. It can be concluded that dietary ARRE addition had many beneficial effects represented by the improvements in the bird’s metabolic functions, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, antioxidant activity, immune status, and higher ω-3 content in the breast muscles. However, it had no improving effect on the birds’ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Nehal I. A. Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Haiam A. Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud I. M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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Tong Z, Lei F, Liu L, Wang F, Guo A. Effects of Plotytarya strohilacea Sieb. et Zuce Tannin on the Growth Performance, Oxidation Resistance, Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microbial Composition of Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:806105. [PMID: 35071393 PMCID: PMC8766804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.806105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of Plotytarya strohilacea Sieb. et Zuce tannin on broilers growth performance, antioxidant function, intestinal development, intestinal morphology and the cecal microbial composition. In this experiment, a total of 360 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 15 broilers in each replicate. The control group (Control) was fed the basal diet, and the broilers were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 100 (PT1), 400 (PT2), and 800 (PT3) mg/kg Plotytarya strohilacea Sieb. et Zuce tannins for 42 days, respectively. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the PT1 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and there was a significant quadratic relationship between the ADFI and the concentration of tannin (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the F/G of broilers during the 22-42 days phase in the PT1 group showed a decreasing trend (P = 0.063). The serum catalase (CAT) activity in the PT1 group was significantly higher than those of the other three groups, and the effect was significantly quadratically related to the dosage (P < 0.05). The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the PT1, PT2 and control groups were significantly higher than that of the PT3 group, and the effect was significantly quadratically related to the addition amount (P < 0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in the PT1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the effect was significantly quadratically related to the addition amount (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the villus height of jejunum in the PT1, PT2 and PT3 groups were significantly higher, and there was a significant quadratic relationship between the villus height of jejunum and the addition amount (P < 0.05). In addition, adding tannins to diets significantly increased Parabacteroides in the dominant genus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Plotytarya strohilacea Sieb. et Zuce tannin improved the growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology along with an increased abundance of Parabacteroides in the cecum, and the recommended dosage of tannin in broiler diets was 100 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Tong
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Fuhong Lei
- Moringa oleifera Research Center, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Aiwei Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Romero C, Nardoia M, Brenes A, Arija I, Viveros A, Chamorro S. Combining Grape Byproducts to Maximise Biological Activity of Polyphenols in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113111. [PMID: 34827845 PMCID: PMC8614327 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape byproducts (grape pomace, seeds and skins) contain a wide range of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and thus can become functional ingredients in animal feeds. The dietary inclusion of grape pomace in chicken diets has been shown to increase plasma and meat α-tocopherol content and to mitigate meat lipid oxidation. However, the separate inclusion of the main components of grape pomace (grape seeds and skins) in the diet of chickens has been less studied. In the present research work, the dietary inclusion of grape byproducts did not compromise the growth of chickens nor did it affect ileal protein digestibility. Concerning plasma and meat α-tocopherol concentrations and meat lipid oxidation, the dietary combination of grape seeds and skins provided better results than the individual inclusion of these grape byproducts. Actually, combinations with a proportion of at least 50% of grape skins enabled optimal results of meat oxidative stability. Abstract Grape seeds (GS) and grape skins (GK) are natural sources of polyphenols with antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate in chickens the effect of including GS and GK (40 g/kg), individually or combined in different proportions (20 g/kg GS–20 g/kg GK; 30 g/kg GS–10 g/kg GK; 10 g/kg GS–30 g/kg GK), in a corn-soybean diet on growth performance, ileal and excreta contents of total extractable polyphenols (TEP) and tannins, ileal digestibility of protein, plasma and meat α-tocopherol concentration and lipid oxidation (assessed by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) of stored thigh meat. Neither growth performance parameters nor ileal digestibility of protein were affected by dietary treatments. As compared with control birds, chickens fed the grape byproduct diets showed higher ileal (p < 0.001) and excreta (p < 0.001) TEP and tannins contents. Dietary inclusion of grape byproducts increased α-tocopherol concentration both in plasma (p < 0.001) and in thigh meat (p < 0.01 at 1 d; p < 0.001 at 7 d), as compared with the control group. The highest plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were reached with the 30 g/kg GS–10 g/kg GK and 20 g/kg GS–20 g/kg GK combinations. On day 1 of meat storage, no differences on meat α-tocopherol concentration were found among the grape byproducts treatments but on day 7 of storage, the 20 g/kg GS–20 g/kg GK and 10 g/kg GS–30 g/kg GK combinations led to the highest α-tocopherol concentrations in chicken thigh meat. After seven days of refrigerated storage of meat, the TBARS value was lower in chickens fed the grape byproducts diets than in control birds (1.27 vs. 2.49 mg MDA/kg, p < 0.001). Moreover, among the different grape byproduct treatments, the lowest MDA values were reached with the diets containing GK at rates from 20 to 40 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary incorporation of 40 g/kg of GS and GK added separately or combined increased the plasma and meat α-tocopherol content. Furthermore, the combinations of GS and GK with a proportion of GK of at least 50% optimised α-tocopherol concentration both in plasma and in thigh meat and mitigated lipid oxidation in 7-day stored meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias y Artes, Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila (UCAV), Calle Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain;
| | - Maria Nardoia
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Agustín Brenes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Arija
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Agustín Viveros
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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19
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Romero C, Nardoia M, Arija I, Viveros A, Rey AI, Prodanov M, Chamorro S. Feeding Broiler Chickens with Grape Seed and Skin Meals to Enhance α- and γ-Tocopherol Content and Meat Oxidative Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050699. [PMID: 33925096 PMCID: PMC8146948 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seeds (GS) and grape skins (GK) are natural sources of polyphenols with featured antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of these polyphenol sources in diets formulated to contain the same total extractable grape polyphenol content on growth performance, protein and extractable polyphenol digestibility, plasma and meat α- and γ-tocopherol and thigh meat oxidation in broiler chickens. Five experimental diets were formulated: control, control + vitamin E (200 mg/kg), 30 g/kg GS diet, 110 g/kg GK diet, GS + GK diet (a mixture of 24.4 g/kg GS and 13.1 g/kg GK designed to simulate a reconstituted grape pomace). Feeding chickens with 110 g/kg GK reduced (p < 0.001) daily weight gain, worsened (p < 0.001) feed conversion ratio, increased (p < 0.001) non-extractable polyphenol content in the ileum and in the excreta and decreased (p < 0.05) ileal protein digestibility. Regardless of the grape polyphenol source used, the inclusion of grape byproducts in the diets led to an increase of total extractable polyphenol contents in the ileum (p < 0.01) and the excreta (p < 0.001), which resulted (p < 0.001) in a decrease of extractable polyphenol digestibilities. Alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations increased (p < 0.001) in plasma and in seven-day stored meat in birds fed the diet combining GS and GK with respect to the control group. As it happened with the vitamin E supplementation, feeding the combination of GS and GK also reduced (p < 0.001) the concentration of the lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde) in the stored meat of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romero
- Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila (UCAV), Calle Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain;
| | - Maria Nardoia
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Ignacio Arija
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (A.V.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Agustín Viveros
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (A.V.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Ana I. Rey
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (A.V.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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The Effect of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) and Blackcurrant Extracts ( Ribes nigrum) Supplementation on Performance Indices and Oxidative Stability of Chicken Broiler Meat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041155. [PMID: 33920629 PMCID: PMC8073268 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The common practice of supplementing broiler feeds with oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids to improve the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in chicken muscles results in a reduced oxidative stability of the meat and accelerated intensity of lipid peroxidation during storage. This study evaluated the effects of commercial rosemary (RO) and blackcurrant (BC) extracts rich in polyphenolic antioxidants added to broiler diets on the oxidative stability of meat and chicken production parameters. In this study, 120 one-day-old male Hubbard Flex broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 experimental groups, and for 35 days, were fed control starter and grower diets or the same basal diets containing two concentrations (2.5 and 5 g/kg) of the RO or BC extracts. The inclusion of RO and BC in the birds’ diet had no significant effect on broiler weight gain, feed conversion ratio, or carcass characteristics. The enrichment of chicken diet with RO and BC did not affect the oxidative stability of chicken breast muscles, but reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in frozen thigh muscles. Abstract The effects of dietary supplementation with extracts of rosemary (RO) and blackcurrant (BC) on the performance indices and the oxidative stability of broiler meat were investigated during a 35-d experiment. For the experiment, 120 one-day-old male Hubbard Flex broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 experimental groups (control group and 4 treatments, each in 6 replications, 24 birds per group, 4 birds per replicate) and fed control starter and grower diets or basal diets containing two concentrations (2.5 and 5 g/kg) of the RO and BC extracts. Basic performance traits (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion) were recorded during the trial. At the end of the experiment, pectoral and thigh muscles were collected. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays using the muscles samples were performed after 1 and 5 d of chilling (4 °C) and after 90 d of frozen storage (−18 °C). The inclusion of RO and BC in the birds’ diet had no significant effects on weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens, or on carcass characteristics, compared with control group. Enrichment of chicken diet with RO and BC did not affect the oxidative stability of chicken breast muscles, but the tested extracts significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in frozen thigh muscles.
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21
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balasundaram C, Esteban MÁ, Abdel-Tawwab M. Impact of grape pomace flour (GPF) on immunity and immune-antioxidant-anti-inflammatory genes expression in Labeo rohita against Flavobacterium columnaris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:69-82. [PMID: 33508472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary inclusion of grape pomace flour (GPF) on growth, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, innate-adaptive immunity, and immune genes expression in Labeo rohita against Flavobacterium columnaris. In both normal and challenged fish the growth rate, hematology and biochemical parameters significantly increased when fed with 200 and 300 mg GPF enriched diets; similarly the activities of antioxidants and innate-adaptive immune parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), phagocytic (PC), respiratory burst (RB), alternative pathway complement (ACP), lysozyme (Lyz), and total immunoglobulin M (IgM) significantly increased in both groups. Similarly, the immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory-related gene mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in head kidney (HK) tissues. The challenged fish fed without GPF always exhibited lower values of all the studied parameters. The results indicate that both normal and challenged fish treated with 200 mg GPF inclusion diet had significantly enhanced growth rate, antioxidant status, and immune defense mechanisms than with 300 mg GPF diet in L. rohita against F. columnaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G, Coskun I. Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:137-152. [PMID: 33752536 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1894065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw (PP) and fermented pomegranate pomace (FP) on performance, antioxidant activity, caecal microbiota and ileal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 175 male broiler chicks were allocated to five treatment groups with five replicates and seven birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments included a soy-corn based diet (control), diets supplemented with PP at 5 (5PP) and 10 g/kg (10PP), and diets supplemented with FP at 5 (5FP) and 10 g/kg (10FP). Dietary PP and FP did not change the body weight and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, dietary PP and FP did not alter the serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels but decreased malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) in breast meat. Caecal Clostridium perfringens count was decreased in broiler chickens of groups 10PP, 5FP and 10FP (p < 0.05). However, PP and FP had detrimental effects on the ileum morphology of broiler chicks. The villus height was decreased in the 10PP, 5FP and 10FP groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Crypt depth was higher in the 5PP and 10FP groups than control and 10PP groups (p < 0.01). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was also decreased in 5PP, 5FP, and 10FP groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest that PP and FP have the potential to be used in broiler diets as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. However, detailed studies should be conducted to investigate the underlying reasons for the detrimental effects on ileal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Isa Coskun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
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Grandhaye J, Lecompte F, Chartrin P, Leconte M, Riva A, Barbe A, JeanPierre É, Caldas-Silveira E, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Ramé C, Dupont J, Froment P. Maternal dietary supplementation with grape seed extract in reproductive hens increases fertility in females but decreases semen quality in males of the F1 generation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246750. [PMID: 33630916 PMCID: PMC7906403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection in parental broiler breeders has increased their susceptibility to metabolic disorders and reproductive dysfunction. We have recently shown that maternal dietary grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation in hens improves fertility parameters, egg quality, oxidative stress in different tissues and the quality of F1 chicks. Here, we analysed the growth and fertility (both female and male) of the F1 generation animals and the quality of their offspring (F2 generation). Eggs issued from hens supplemented with GSE presented lower ROS production than control hens, suggesting a change in the embryonic environment. However, this did not affect the growth nor the body composition of male and female F1s from hatching to adulthood (37 weeks of age). At 37 weeks of age, the biochemistry analysis of the GSE-F1 muscle has revealed an increase in sensitivity to oxidative stress and a slight change in lipid composition. Both male and female F1-GSE groups presented a delay in puberty with a lower testis volume at 30 weeks of age and lower ovary development at 26 weeks of age. Adult GSE-F1 males did not present histological alterations of seminiferous tubules or semen production, but the semen quality was degraded due to higher oxidative stress and DNA-damaged spermatozoa compared with control F1 animals. In adult GSE-F1 females, despite the delay in puberty, the females laid more eggs of better quality (fewer broken eggs and a higher hatching rate). At hatching, the weight of the chicks from GSE-F1 females was reduced, and this effect was stronger in F2 male chicks (F2) compared with F2 control chicks (F2), because of the lower muscle volume. In conclusion, we can raise the hypothesis that maternal dietary GSE supplementation produces eggs with change in embryonic metabolism, which may affect in adulthood the fertility. The data obtained from the F1-GSE group pointed to a sex-specific modification with higher egg quality in females but semen sensitive to stress in males. Finally, male F2 chicks were leaner than control chicks. Thus, maternal dietary grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation in hens may impact on the fertility of the offspring in a sex-specific manner in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - François Lecompte
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Chartrin
- INRAE, UMR0083 Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Leconte
- INRAE, UMR0083 Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Alix Barbe
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Éric JeanPierre
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Erika Caldas-Silveira
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Effect of raw and fermented grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Animal 2021; 15:100194. [PMID: 33640294 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed (GS) is a by-product of the fruit juice and wine industry with the potential to be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants due to its antioxidant activity. Agro-industrial residues can be converted to more effective products by solid-state fermentation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of GS and fermented grape seed (FGS) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 128 female broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates of eight birds. Throughout the 42-day feeding period, the birds were fed with soybean-corn based diet (CON), 0.15 g/kg synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole) supplemented diet (AO), 5 g/kg GS supplemented diet (GS), and 5 g/kg FGS supplemented diet (FGS). Dietary GS, FGS, and AO supplementation increased the BW (P < 0.05) and average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) compared with the CON group in the overall period of 42 days. Dietary FGS also increased the ADG (P < 0.05) in the period of 22-42 days compared with the control group. The pH of the breast meat of the chickens fed GS was higher (P < 0.01) than CON and FGS groups. Dietary FGS and AO decreased the b* value (P < 0.01) of breast meat compared with the CON group. Grape seed had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and catalase (CAT, P < 0.01) levels among the treatment groups. The FGS also increased serum CAT level (P < 0.01) compared with the AO group. Moreover, dietary FGS supplementation increased Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the cecum compared with the other treatment groups and decreased Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05) compared with the CON and AO groups. The present findings indicate that GS and FGS can be used in broiler diets as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.
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Ölmez M, Şahin T, Karadağoğlu Ö, Yörük MA, Kara K, Dalğa S. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh meat of broiler chickens fed gradually increasing levels of supplemental blueberry extract. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:109. [PMID: 33423128 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of gradually increasing supplemental levels of blueberry extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred ninety-two 7-day-old chickens were randomly distributed into four groups having four replicates with 12 birds in each replicate. Basal diets were prepared for starter (days 8 to 21) and finisher (days 22 to 42). Basal diets were offered to the control group only, whereas other treatments received basal diets fortified with 0.5, 1, and 2% blueberry extract (BB0.5, BB1, and BB2 groups, respectively). The duration of experiment was 35 days (days 8 to 42). During finisher and overall growth phases, broilers in the BB2 group had greater body weight gain than those in the BB0.5 and control groups, whereas the BB1 group had higher body weight gain than the control group (P < 0.001). Body weight gain remained unaffected during the starter phase. Feed intake was greater in the BB2 group than in the control group at days 8 to 21, 22 to 42, and 8 to 42 (P = 0.002, P = 0.035, and P = 0.001, respectively). The control group had poor FCR than the BB2 group in the starter phase (P = 0.034). At days 22 to 42, feeding blueberry extract (BB0.5, BB1, and BB2) improved the FCR of broilers compared with the control group, whereas the BB2 group had better FCR than the BB0.5 group (P < 0.001). At 8 to 42 days, broilers in the control group had poor FCR compared with the BB1 and BB2 groups, whereas the BB0.5 group had poor FCR than the BB2 group (P < 0.001). Slaughter weight was lower in the control group than in the blueberry extract groups, whereas the BB2 group had greater slaughter weight than the BB0.5 group (P < 0.001). Dressing percentage of broilers in the control and BB0.5 groups was lower than that in other groups (P < 0.001). Gizzard yield was higher in the BB0.5 and BB2 groups than in the control group (P = 0.021). In addition, feeding 2% blueberry extract increased the concentration of different fatty acids in breast and thigh meat of broiler chickens. Findings suggest that feeding 2% blueberry extract may improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mükremin Ölmez
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tarkan Şahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özlem Karadağoğlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Yörük
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kanber Kara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sakine Dalğa
- Health Sciences Institute, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
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Productive parameters, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100922. [PMID: 33652520 PMCID: PMC7936223 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred 1-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicate pens, and each pen contained 15 birds. The experiment lasted for 42 d. Dietary treatments included corn–soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg EEO. The results indicated that dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance parameters in the 1 to 10 d period. From day 11 to 24, dietary supplementation of EEO showed a linear decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). From day 25 to 42 and the overall period (1–42 d), broilers fed with different levels of EEO showed a linear increase in body weight gain (BWG) and reduction in feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05). The relative organ weight were unaffected by any of the dietary treatments. With increasing levels of EEO, the cecal Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.085) count showed a trend in reduction, and the cecal lactic acid bacteria population tended to increase (linear, P = 0.063). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract and organic matter were linearly and quadratically increased in response to increasing dietary EEO supplementation (P < 0.05). A trend of linear decrease in total cholesterol in the serum of birds fed with different levels of EEO was recorded (P = 0.074). Eucalyptus essential oil's inclusion increased serum superoxide dismutase linearly but reduced serum malondialdehyde linearly (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of EEO affected the fatty acid profile of thigh muscle so that increased the concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (linear, P < 0.05) and reduced total saturated fatty acid contents (linear, P < 0.05). Taken together, the inclusion of EEO increased BWG and decreased FCR during day 25 to 42 and day 1 to 42, and partially improved cecal microflora balance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant activity, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens.
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Effects of Feeding Dried Fruit Pomaces as Additional Fibre-Phenolic Compound on Meat Quality, Blood Chemistry and Redox Status of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111968. [PMID: 33114718 PMCID: PMC7692383 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fruit juice production resulted in a considerable amount of by-products that are rich in phenolic compounds. Several studies have already reported that polyphenols seemed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. For this reason, fruit extracts have been widely used as a human food supplement for health promotion and disease prevention. However, little information about their application in animal feeds is available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 3% or 6% apple, blackcurrant and strawberry dietary inclusion could have a positive effect on meat quality, blood chemistry and redox status of broiler chickens. Overall, the obtained results seem encouraging as both 3% and 6% fruit pomaces diets did not impair carcass traits and meat quality. Moreover, fruit pomaces groups showed lower blood triglycerides and improved renal function with lower creatinine level. Regarding antioxidant activity, all fruit pomaces improved the redox status in liver, breast and blood. No differences have been recorded between 3% and 6% diets. From a productive and biological point of view, the use of fruit pomaces in broiler chicken nutrition seems to be promising, in particular, 3% dietary inclusion seems to be preferable as higher fibre level can impair nutrient digestibility in poultry. Abstract The present study investigated the effects of apple (A), blackcurrant (B) and strawberry (S) dried pomaces on meat quality, blood chemistry and redox status of broiler chickens. A total of 480 Ross-308 male broilers were divided into 8 dietary treatments containing 3% and 6% of cellulose preparation (C), A, B or S. Six birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age and blood samples were collected. Carcass traits and meat quality were determined on the Pectoralis major muscles, recording nonsignificant differences. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in serum, liver and breast muscle. In serum, fruit pomaces lowered triglycerides, creatinine and atherogenic index (p < 0.05). Regarding redox status, in serum, ACW (antioxidant capacity of water-soluble substances) and ACL (antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble substances) were greater in A (p < 0.001). In breast, ACW and ACL were higher in B and S compared to C (p < 0.05). In liver, ACL was greater in B and S compared to C (p < 0.001) and in higher dosage compared to low (p = 0.036). GSSG (oxidized glutathione) concentration was lower in A, whereas A, B and S presented a higher GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG ratio. The results showed that fruit pomaces could represent promising feed ingredients for broilers, improving serum, meat and tissue antioxidant parameters.
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Prihambodo TR, Sholikin MM, Qomariyah N, Jayanegara A, Batubara I, Utomo DB, Nahrowi N. Effects of dietary flavonoids on performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology of broilers: a meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:434-442. [PMID: 32898948 PMCID: PMC7961189 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the influence of dietary flavonoids on the growth performance, blood and intestinal profiles, and carcass characteristics of broilers by employing a meta-analysis method. METHODS A database was built from published studies which have reported on the addition of various levels of flavonoids from herbs into broiler diets and then monitored growth performance, blood constituents, carcass proportion and small intestinal morphology. A total of 42 articles were integrated into the database. Several forms of flavonoids in herbs were applied in the form of unextracted and crude extracts. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of flavonoids were treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. RESULTS Dietary flavonoids increased (quadratic pattern; p<0.05) the average daily gain of broilers in the finisher phase. There was a reduction (p<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio of the broilers both in the starter (linear pattern) and finisher phases (quadratic pattern). The mortality rate tended to decrease linearly (p<0.1) with the addition of flavonoids, while the carcass parameter was generally not influenced. A reduction (p<0.001) in cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations (both linearly) was observed, while super oxide dismutase activity increased linearly (p<0.001). Increasing the dose of flavonoids increased (p<0.01) the villus height (VH) and villus height and crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio (p<0.05) in the duodenum. Similarly, the VH:CD ratio was elevated (p<0.001) in the jejunum following flavonoid supplementation. CONCLUSION Increasing levels of flavonoids in broilers diet leads to an improvement in growth performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo
- Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,South Sulawesi Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology, Makassar 90242, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Irmanida Batubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Nahrowi Nahrowi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081141. [PMID: 32731511 PMCID: PMC7465624 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry, the selection of broilers for growth performance has induced a deterioration in the health of the parental hens associated with poor reproductive efficiency. To improve these parameters, we administered to laying parental broiler hens a regular diet supplemented or not (Control) with a moderate (1%) or a high level (2%) of grape seed extract (GSE). The 1% GSE diet was administered from a young age (from 4 to 40 weeks of age) and the high level of 2% GSE was administered only during a 2-week period (from 38 to 40 weeks of age) in the laying period. The analysis of 40-week-old hens showed that 2% GSE displayed a reduction in the fat tissue and an improvement in fertility with heavier and more resistant eggs. Seven monomer phenolic metabolites of GSE were significantly measured in the plasma of the 2% GSE hens. GSE supplementation increased the relative abundance of the following bacteria populations: Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacilliaceae and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, a supplementation period of only 2 weeks with 2% GSE is sufficient to improve the metabolic and laying parameters of breeder hens through a modification in the microbiota.
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Colombino E, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Cocolin LS, Prieto-Botella D, Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Milala J, Kosmala M, Fotschki B, Capucchio MT, Juśkiewicz J. Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32577234 PMCID: PMC7304194 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple (A), blackurrant (B) or strawberry (S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower (3%-L) or higher (6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups (CL/CH), two A diets (AL/AH), two B diets (BL/BH), two S diets (SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Excreta were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca content. Results A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology (P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity (P < 0.05). In the ileum, A and S groups showed lower bacterial α-glucosidase activity than C groups. Moreover, small intestine SCFAs concentration was higher in fruit pomaces diets (P < 0.05). In ceca, B and S groups showed lower ammonia concentration and higher SCFAs than C. Dietary treatments also influenced the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase β-glucuronidase and xylase. Regarding microbiota, at phylum level, Firmicutes were differentially abundant across treatment (maximum for C and minimum in S, FDR > 0.05). At genus level, an increase of Weissella in AH and Erwinia in S/B diets, as well as a decrease of Lactobacillus in all fruit pomace groups were recorded (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fruit pomaces could be suitable ingredients in poultry nutrition even if further studies are needed to better understand which doses is more recommended to avoid negative effects on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Simone Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Research Team on Occupational Therapy (InTeO), Department of Surgery and Pathology, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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Van Niekerk RF, Mnisi CM, Mlambo V. Polyethylene glycol inactivates red grape pomace condensed tannins for broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:566-573. [PMID: 32290682 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1755014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inactivating GP condensed tannins using graded levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on feed intake, physiological, carcase, and meat quality traits of male Cobb 500 broilers. 2. Three hundred, two-week old, male Cobb 500 broilers (334.6 ± 21.43 g live weight) were allocated to 30 pens carrying 10 birds each. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for grower (14-35 d) and finisher (36-42 d) phases by diluting a commercial broiler diet with untreated GP (PEG0) at 6.5% (w/w) or with the same amount of GP but pre-treated with PEG at 2.5% (PEG1), 5% (PEG2), 10% (PEG3) or 15% (w/w) (PEG4) and randomly allocated to pens in a four-week feeding period. 3. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and blood, carcase and meat quality parameters were determined. Weekly weight gain and FCE linearly (P < 0.05) increased in week 4 and linearly (P < 0.05) decreased in week 6 in response to PEG treatment levels. 4. Mean corpuscular volume linearly (P < 0.05) decreased in response to PEG levels, whereas blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, urea, total protein, globulin and cholesterol showed quadratic trends in response to PEG levels. Spleen and ileum weights tended (P < 0.1) to linearly decrease with PEG levels. Heart weight and meat redness tended (P < 0.1) to quadratically respond to increasing levels of PEG. 5. It was concluded that PEG treatment partially inactivated GP condensed tannins without compromising the health status of broiler chickens. An optimum PEG inclusion level could not be determined for feed intake, weight gain and FCE. However, the presence of other antinutrients such as fibre and low molecular weight phenolics in GP may be responsible for the linear decreases observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Van Niekerk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University , Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University , Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - C M Mnisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University , Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University , Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - V Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga , Mbombela, South Africa
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KARADAĞOĞLU Ö, ŞAHİN T, ÖLMEZ M, YAKAN A, ÖZSOY B. Changes in serum biochemical and lipid profile, and fatty acid composition of breast meat of broiler chickens fed supplemental grape seed extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1906-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ao X, Kim IH. Effects of grape seed extract on performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2078-2086. [PMID: 32241493 PMCID: PMC7587615 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, relative organ weight, jejunum morphology, ileal microflora, and meat quality in Pekin ducks. A total of 1,500 female 1-day-old Pekin ducklings (52.0 ± 0.2 g) were blocked based on body weight (BW) and randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 10 replicates of 50 birds each. The experiment lasted for 6 wk, and dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, and 0.02% GSE. The supplementation of GSE increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and final BW linearly but decreased (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) linearly during day (D) 22 to 42 and the entire experiment. The inclusion of GSE increased (P < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidative capacity, catalase, complement4, immunoglobin G, interleukin-2, and interferon-γ linearly but decreased (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde linearly. The relative weight of carcass, breast meat, and spleen in GSE treatments was increased (P < 0.05) linearly, whereas the relative weight of abdominal fat was decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Birds fed GSE1 and GSE2 diets had lower (P < 0.05) cook loss, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and drip loss on day 3 and 5 linearly but higher (P < 0.05) pH24h and water-holding capacity. The addition of GSE decreased (P < 0.05) jejunum crypt depth and ileal Escherichia coli counts linearly but increased (P < 0.05) jejunum villus height: crypt depth ratio and ileal Lactobacilli linearly. Taken together, the inclusion of GSE increased final BW and BWG, decreased F/G during day 22 to 42 and day 1 to 42, partially improved antioxidant activities, immunity, meat quality, and gut health in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea; Tie Qi Li Shi Group. Co., Mianyang, Sichuan 621006, P. R. China
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea.
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Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Safdari-Rostamabad M, Piray AH, Sarir H. The growth performance, plasma biochemistry indices, immune system, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of heat-stressed broiler chickens fed grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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Reyes P, Urquiaga I, Echeverría G, Durán E, Morales MS, Valenzuela C. Wine grape pomace flour in broiler diets effects growth and some meat characteristics. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Grape pomace maybe useful in broiler diets as a source of low cost antioxidants.
Aims
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of including high concentrations of wine-grape pomace flour (WGPF) in broiler chicken diets on productive parameters and antioxidant capacity of the meat.
Methods
WGPF of white (WGPF-W) and red (WGPF-R) grape varieties were nutritionally and chemically characterised. Then, 120 broiler chickens were allocated to three isoenergetic and isoproteic feeding treatments: 0% WGPF (Control), 20% WGPF-W and 20% WGPF-R.
Key results
WGPF-W had no effect on bodyweight, daily weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, FCR was higher for WGPF-R treatment at the end of the study (Day 42). Meanwhile, breast meat from WGPF-R treatment had the highest content of ether extract (P < 0,05), followed by WGPF-W and by control treatment, due to the addition of higher amounts of soy oil to those diets with WGPF to ensure an isoenergetic composition. Breast and leg meat, respectively, showed greater antioxidant capacity (µM Trolox Eq/g) when WGPF-W (16.7 and 16.4) was fed, than the antioxidant capacity obtained for control (13.8 and 13.8) and WGPF-R (11.9 and 14.2) treatments.
Conclusions
Inclusion of 20% of WGPF-W increased antioxidant capacity of chicken meat by 17%, without decreasing productive parameters, provided the diets were made isoenergetic and isoproteic by adding soy oil.
Implications
The grape pomace flour could be useful in the diet of other animals.
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Addition of fermented and unfermented grape skin in broilers' diets: effect on digestion, growth performance, intestinal microbiota and oxidative stability of meat. Animal 2019; 14:1371-1381. [PMID: 31854283 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape skin is a source of polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Little information is available regarding its application in animal feeding. The present study investigated the effect of inclusion of fermented (FS) and unfermented (UFS) grape skin at two different doses (30 g/kg, FS30 and UFS30, and 60 g/kg, FS60 and UFS60) and 200 mg/kg vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate) in a corn-soybean diet on growth performance, ileal protein digestibility, ileal and excreta total extractable polyphenols content and digestibility, intestinal microbiota and thigh meat oxidation in broiler chickens. Growth performance was depressed in chickens fed UFS and FS diets. A reduction in ileal protein digestibility was also observed in birds fed UFS, being this effect more pronounced in those fed 60 g/kg. The dietary inclusion of grape skin increased both ileal and excreta polyphenols contents, being higher in birds fed UFS than in those fed FS. Excreta moisture content increased in birds fed UFS and FS diets. No effect of dietary inclusion of grape skin was observed on ileal counts of lactic-acid bacteria and Clostridium, but UFS inclusion in the diet reduced ileal count of Escherichia coli as compared with FS dietary inclusion. After 7 days of refrigerated storage, values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were lower in chicken meat when grape skin was added in the diet at 60 g/kg instead of 30 g/kg, and meat from birds fed 60 g/kg of grape skin reached TBARS values similar to those of birds supplemented with vitamin E. In conclusion, high doses of grape skin polyphenols depressed growth performance and protein digestibility, and increased excreta moisture content. Unfermented grape skin contained more polyphenols than FS, and its inclusion in the diet led to higher ileal and excreta polyphenols contents and to a lower ileal count of E. coli. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the polyphenols present in grape skin was observed after 7 days of meat storage, with the dose of 60 g/kg of grape skin being as effective as vitamin E supplementation in maintaining oxidative stability of meat.
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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Masoudi AA, Zaboli G, Hedayat-Evrigh N. Plant extract supplementation as a strategy for substituting dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:206-221. [PMID: 31852306 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1693860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two plant extracts as alternatives to dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (5 replicate pens; 15 broiler chickens each) which consisted of starter (d 0 to 10), and grower (d 10 to 28) diets. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (negative control, NC) and three similar diets that were either supplemented with 200 mg/kg of Prosopis farcta extract (PFE), Rhus coriaria L. extract (RCE) or an antibiotic premix containing oxytetracycline (positive control, PC). In order to simulate low ambient temperature, room temperature was maintained at 32°C during the first 3 d of the trial and afterwards, the temperature was gradually reduced by approximately 1.5°C each day to 14°C on d 21. PFE and PC treatments exerted a significant effect on body weight gain at d 28. Diet PFE was effective in reducing mortality when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, diet PFE caused increases in ileal digestibility of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Diets PFE and PC decreased coliforms, total aerobic bacteria and total anaerobic bacteria loads in the caeca when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of PFE to the diet improved villous height in all small intestinal segments as well as villous height:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). The results indicated that PFE is not only a valid alternative to oxytetracycline under cold stress conditions, with no antibiotic resistance, but also has the potential to increase the resistance of broiler chickens against ascites syndrome. Moreover, the addition of RCE at the concentration of 200 mg/kg to the diet was not sufficient to improve the performance of broiler chickens (similar to diet PC) but maybe more effective at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nemat Hedayat-Evrigh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Kumanda C, Mlambo V, Mnisi CM. Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100779. [PMID: 31658724 PMCID: PMC6826730 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Red grape pomace (GP) waste, although rich in beneficial phenolic compounds, is traditionally disposed in landfills and through incineration, resulting in environmental pollution. The revalorization of GP as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in chicken diets is an environmentally sustainable and lower-cost alternative to current disposal methods. This approach has the potential to improve food and nutrition security while providing health benefits to consumers of poultry products. Unfortunately, the amount of GP that can be included in broiler diets is limited by fiber and condensed tannins found in this agro-waste. These compounds reduce the digestibility of GP in chickens, resulting in poor bioavailability of the beneficial bioactive compounds. Strategies are, therefore, required to ameliorate the effects of fiber and condensed tannins. This study investigated whether pre-treating GP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a cellulolytic enzyme mixture (Viscozyme®) would improve feed intake, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of broilers. It was concluded that PEG treatment successfully ameliorated the anti-nutritional effects of condensed tannins. However, the cellulolytic enzyme treatment was ineffective against GP fiber. Abstract The amount of grape pomace (GP) waste that can be included as a functional feed in broiler diets is limited by anti-nutritional compounds such as fiber and condensed tannins. This study evaluated the effect of pre-treating GP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a cellulolytic enzyme mixture on physiological and meat quality parameters of broilers. Cobb 500 broilers (249.2 ± 20.31 g live-weight) were reared on five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets: 1. Commercial chicken diet (CON); 2. CON containing untreated GP at 100 g/kg (dGP); 3. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with PEG (50 g/kg) (dPEG); 4. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with enzyme (1 g/kg) (ENZ); and 5. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with PEG (50 g/kg) and enzyme (1 g/kg) (PENZ). Overall body weight gains were similar in broilers reared on the CON, dPEG, ENZ and PENZ diets but lower in dGP chickens. The meat of birds reared on dPEG, ENZ, dGP and CON had a similar water-holding capacity, which was lower than in PENZ chickens. Diets influenced the size of duodenum, ileum, jejunum and caeca. Polyethylene glycol treatment promoted similar body weight gains and hot carcass weights as the commercial control diet, suggesting that the anti-nutritional effects of condensed tannins were successfully ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebisa Kumanda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, P Bag x11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa.
| | - Caven Mguvane Mnisi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Chamorro S, Romero C, Brenes A, Sánchez-Patán F, Bartolomé B, Viveros A, Arija I. Impact of a sustained consumption of grape extract on digestion, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal barrier in broiler chickens. Food Funct 2019; 10:1444-1454. [PMID: 30768097 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation with grape extract (GE) at 2.5 and 5.0 g kg-1 of feed on intestinal utilization of polyphenols and gut health of broiler chickens was determined. The ileal digestibility of grape polyphenols was higher for flavan-3-ol monomers [(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin] than for dimers (Procyanidins B1 and B2) and galloylated compounds [(-)-epicatechingallate] and no differences among 2.5 and 5.0 g GE per kg dietary treatments were observed. The excreta concentration of benzoic, phenylacetic, phenylpropionic, and cinnamic acids and phenyl-γ-valerolactone phenolic metabolites was higher in birds fed GE, confirming hence the microbial metabolism of grape polyphenols to a relevant extent. Gut morphology and the total ileal mucin content were not modified by the dietary inclusion of GE, but a lower sialic acid concentration was observed in those birds fed a higher concentration of GE. Escherichia coli and lactic-acid bacteria ileal counts were reduced in birds fed GE. Overall, these results prove the extensive intestinal utilization and microbial metabolism of grape polyphenols in broiler chickens. Some antimicrobial and mucin-modulation effects were also observed after a sustained consumption of grape polyphenols during 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Chamorro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Gao X, Tang F, Zhang F, Jia C, Yang Z, Liu C, Gao W. Effects of the supplementation of distillers' grape residues on ruminal degradability, whole tract digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:384-398. [PMID: 31315463 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1590142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Five ruminally and duodenally cannulated Kazakh male lambs (30 ± 2.75 kg) maintained singly in a metabolic cage were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square experiment to investigate the effect of supplementing a ration with five different levels of distillers' grape residue (DGR) on ruminal degradability, whole tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) metabolism of growing lambs. The rations were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and contained 0, 3.85, 7.70, 11.55 and 15.41% DGR (DM basis). Each experimental period lasted for 18 d: 10 d for adaptation to the dietary treatment and 8 d for faecal, urinary, ruminal and duodenal digesta sample collections. The outflow rate of ruminal digesta increased (p = 0.032) linearly with the increased level of dietary neutral detergent fibre content, caused by the supplementation of DGR. As a result, the effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein decreased significantly with the treatments. Although the dietary intake of N, duodenal flow of total N, and the endogenous N at the duodenum were not affected by experimental treatments, N fractions in the digesta were altered. Ruminal microbial N decreased (p < 0.01) linearly; in contrast, ruminal un-degradable protein increased linearly (p < 0.01) in response to the increased addition of DGR. Although there was no significant difference in faecal N among treatments, N retention was increased linearly (p = 0.014), owing to the remarkable reduction (p = 0.016) of urinary N excretion with an increasing level of DGR. The results indicate that the DGR has some potential benefits of increasing the supply of bypass protein and of improving the utilisation efficiency of N for sheep. Therefore, the supplementation of DGR in ruminant feeding is recommended at levels not exceeding 10% of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Gao
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Fu Tang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Chenli Liu
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- a College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University , Shihezi City , P. R. China
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Muñoz-González I, Chamorro S, Pérez-Jiménez J, López-Andrés P, Álvarez-Acero I, Herrero AM, Nardoia MA, Brenes A, Viveros A, Arija I, Rey A, Ruiz-Capillas C. Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma and Thigh Meat of Chickens Supplemented with Grape Byproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4463-4471. [PMID: 30977645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grape byproducts are rich sources of polyphenols with powerful antioxidant and health-promoting effects. The impact of supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts on plasma and thigh meat concentrations of phenolic metabolites was evaluated by analyzing samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Chickens were fed three experimental diets: Control diet, Control+8% grape pomace, and Control+0.1% grape seed extract. In plasma, 32 phenolic metabolites were identified, some of which were conjugated catechin/epicatechin metabolites exclusively identified in chickens fed diets enriched in grape byproducts. Also, these chickens showed significantly higher plasmatic concentrations of 21 phenolic metabolites. In thigh meat, 14 phenolic metabolites were identified, but no differences were found between diets. Higher plasmatic tocopherol was found when supplementing diets with grape byproducts, while no changes were observed in meat. Thus, supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts leads to a significant increase in the circulation of phenolic metabolites and tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Patricia López-Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Álvarez-Acero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana M Herrero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marı A Nardoia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Brenes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Viveros
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ignacio Arija
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Claudia Ruiz-Capillas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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Chedea VS, Palade LM, Pelmus RS, Dragomir C, Taranu I. Red Grape Pomace Rich in Polyphenols Diet Increases the Antioxidant Status in Key Organs-Kidneys, Liver, and Spleen of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040149. [PMID: 30959837 PMCID: PMC6524171 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape pomace (GP) is a residue generated by the wine industry that is produced in large quantities. This work aims to describe the beneficial effects replacing 5% of the corn in the diet of piglets with grape pomace. GP, besides other components, contains some important bioactive compounds called polyphenols. The study shows that the polyphenols from a 5% grape pomace diet are absorbed into the blood of piglets that receive it. These bioactive molecules have a beneficial action on the health status of the animals and also increase the antioxidant activity in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, which are key organs in the metabolism of the nutrients. Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of a diet containing 5% dried GP on the antioxidant status (total antioxidant status (TAS), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase-CAT, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and gluthatione peroxidase-GPx), and lipid peroxidation) on the key organs of the liver, kidneys, and spleen in relation to health status as indicated by blood biochemical parameters and total polyphenol content in the blood, organs (liver, spleen, kidney, mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, and brain) and Longissimus dorsi muscle in piglets. The GP diet results in a significant increase of TAS in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, with increased CAT activity in the spleen and kidneys, increased SOD activity in the liver, kidneys, and spleen, and increased GPx activity in the kidneys, as well as a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys. The GP included in the piglets’ feed contained polyphenols that showed antioxidant activity and were absorbed in the plasma, contributing to maintaining the good health of the animals. The inclusion of 5% GP inclusion in the diets of piglets is beneficial for overall normal blood constituent metabolism and helps to maintain piglet health by increasing the polyphenol content in blood plasma and antioxidant activity in the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Laurentiu Mihai Palade
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Rodica Stefania Pelmus
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Catalin Dragomir
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
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Gloria A, Contri A, Grotta L, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Ianni A, Vignola G, Martino G. Effect of dietary grape marc on fresh and refrigerated boar semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:18-26. [PMID: 30981566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In several studies there has been evaluation of the dietary addition of antioxidants to improve the quality of fresh and stored semen in domestic animals. Grape marc (GM), as the residue of vinification, contains large amounts of polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiaging effects. In this study, two regimens of dietary GM supplementation (2% and 4%) were tested regarding effects on the characteristics and lipid peroxidation of fresh and stored semen. The dietary supplementation of GM improved sperm characteristics in fresh semen, especially at 4% of GM. There were greater values for all kinetic variables and membrane integrity, and lesser values for sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation with 2% and 4% GM supplementation. Lipid peroxidation of the pellet was less with both 2% and 4% GM supplementation. During sperm storage, the dietary supplementation of GM improved the quality of sperm, with greater values for kinetic variables and membrane integrity at day 15 of storage. In the present study, supplementation of GM in boar diets improved fresh semen characteristics and reduced the lipid peroxidation of ejaculated spermatozoa, possibly due to the effect of polyphenols present in the GM. Consequently, this likely resulted in improved sperm quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gloria
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Contri
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Lisa Grotta
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Augusto Carluccio
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Domenico Robbe
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ianni
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Duskaev GK, Rakhmatullin SG, Kazachkova NM, Sheida YV, Mikolaychik IN, Morozova LA, Galiev BH. Effect of the combined action of Quercus cortex extract and probiotic substances on the immunity and productivity of broiler chickens. Vet World 2018; 11:1416-1422. [PMID: 30532495 PMCID: PMC6247875 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1416-1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of the combined action of probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and Quercus cortex extract as biologically active substances in the feed on the immunity and productivity of Gallus gallus domesticus. Materials and Methods: For the experiment, 120 7-day-old broiler chickens were selected (4 groups, n=30, 3 replicates with 10 birds in each group). The groups were as follows: The reference group - basic diet (BD); experimental Group I - BD + Q. cortex extract (Q. cortex), 2.5 ml/kg of body weight; experimental Group II - BD + probiotic preparation based on B. adolescentis, 80.0 million colony-forming units (CFU), and L. acidophilus, 1.0 million CFU (dosage in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer); and experimental Group III - BD + probiotic + extract of Q. cortex. The following methods of study were used: Chemiluminescence and biochemical and hematological analysis. Results: The results of the experiment showed a slight decrease in the level of leukocytes in Groups II (p≤0.05) and III, and of hemoglobin in Group III (p≤0.05), compared to the reference group. The level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Group II was higher than both the reference group (p≤0.05) and the other groups. Introduction of Q. cortex extract into the diet increased the level of triglycerides (p≤0.05) and urea in the blood serum. The combined use of probiotic preparations and the extract resulted in an increase in the level of iron in the blood serum by 78.1% (p≤0.05) in Group III. An increase in indicators of the antioxidant system (catalase increased in Group I by 27.2% (p≤0.05) and by 3.0–12.7% in other groups; superoxide dismutase increased by 3.0–13.2%) and nonspecific immunity (β-lysine increased by 8.8–16.0%) was noted. Introduction of the extract and probiotic preparation into the diet contributed to increasing the live weight of chickens at the age of 15 days by 5.9 and 7.4%, respectively (p≤0.05). In experimental Group II, this trend continued, and by the end of the period, the weight of animals exceeded that of their peers in other groups by 0.7-7.0%. Given the high preservation rate of poultry in the II and III Groups, and the low feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain (by 3.1–6.7%), the efficiency of growth was higher than in the reference group. Conclusion: Thus, the combined use of probiotic strains of bacteria and Q. cortex extract helped to increase the antioxidant activity of the organism and antimicrobial components of blood plasma compared with broiler chickens with similar growth rates but without the supplementation of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Duskaev
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
| | - S G Rakhmatullin
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
| | - N M Kazachkova
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
| | - Y V Sheida
- Institute of Bioelements, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
| | - I N Mikolaychik
- Kurgan State Agriculture Academy, Lesnikovo, Ketovsky, Kurgan Region, 641300, Russia
| | - L A Morozova
- Kurgan State Agriculture Academy, Lesnikovo, Ketovsky, Kurgan Region, 641300, Russia
| | - B H Galiev
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
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Cimmino R, Barone CMA, Claps S, Varricchio E, Rufrano D, Caroprese M, Albenzio M, De Palo P, Campanile G, Neglia G. Effects of dietary supplementation with polyphenols on meat quality in Saanen goat kids. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:181. [PMID: 29890971 PMCID: PMC5996534 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet supplementation with polyphenols is a novel strategy to improve meat quality in livestock, by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids and protein. Polyphenols have beneficial effects on both human and animal health and can be obtained from several sources, such as olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). These are severe environmental pollutants and therefore may be recycled and utilized in other sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth performance, meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, antioxidant status, different forms of myoglobin and malondialdehyde formation in kids who received a diet supplemented with polyphenols obtained from OMWW. Weaned goat kids (n = 18) were divided into two homogenous groups: control (C) group (n = 9) received a fattening standard diet while the other group (n = 9) received the same diet, supplemented with 3.2 mg/day of polyphenols powder extract (PE group). Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated 10 days apart throughout the study. After 78 days, the kids were slaughtered and pH and carcass yield were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was collected and utilized for chemical analysis, meat quality evaluation and oxidative stability. Results No differences were recorded in ADG, carcass weight, pH and dressing between the two groups. Furthermore a similar meat proximate composition, texture and color was observed. Dietary polyphenols supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) decreased short chains (<C12:0) (2.93 + 0.50 and 0.35 + 0.40 g/100 g of fatty acids, for C and PE Group, respectively), and saturated (49.22 ± 2.39 and 39.51 ± 1.95 g/100 g, in C and PE Group, respectively) fatty acids. Furthermore, a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of monounsaturated (34.35 ± 2.84 and 42.22 ± 2.32 g/100 g, in C and PE Group, respectively) fatty acids was recorded. Malondialdehyde formation was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in PE compared to C Group (0.25 ± 0.005 and 0.15 ± 0.005, in C and PE Group, respectively). Conclusions Polyphenols dietary supplementation has positive effects on kid meat, improving fatty acid profile and reducing malondialdehyde contents. Furthermore the utilization of OMWW as the source of polyphenols may represent an innovative strategy to re-utilize agri-food industry wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cimmino
- Italian Buffalo Breeders Association, V. Petrarca 42/44, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Carmela M A Barone
- Department of AgriculturalSciences, Federico II University, Via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA, S.S. 7 Appia, 85051, Bella Muro, PZ, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, V. Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Domenico Rufrano
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA, S.S. 7 Appia, 85051, Bella Muro, PZ, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, S.P. per Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Fróes HG, Jácome IMTD, Tavares RA, Garcia RG, Domingues CHF, Bevilaqua TMS, Martinelli M, Naas IA, Borille R. Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Pomace Flour as Pigment Agent of Quail Eggs. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HG Fróes
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - RA Tavares
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil
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Huang Q, Liu X, Zhao G, Hu T, Wang Y. Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:137-150. [PMID: 30140753 PMCID: PMC6104569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring plant compounds including tannins, saponins and essential oils are extensively assessed as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant region and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, etc. Therefore, tannins are the major research subject in developing natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Strong protein affinity is the well-recognized property of plant tannins, which has successfully been applied to ruminant nutrition to decrease protein degradation in the rumen, and thereby improve protein utilization and animal production efficiency. Incorporations of tannin-containing forage in ruminant diets to control animal pasture bloat, intestinal parasite and pathogenic bacteria load are another 3 important applications of tannins in ruminant animals. Tannins have traditionally been regarded as "anti-nutritional factor" for monogastric animals and poultry, but recent researches have revealed some of them, when applied in appropriate manner, improved intestinal microbial ecosystem, enhanced gut health and hence increased productive performance. The applicability of plant tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics depends on many factors that contribute to the great variability in their observed efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Rodríguez-Ortega LT, Juárez-Juárez G, Pro-Martínez A, Sosa-Montes E, Bautista-Ortega J, González-Cerón F, Vargas-Galicia AJ, Chan-Díaz D, Moreno-Medina D, Gallegos-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Ortega A. Lipid Peroxidation in the Plasma, Lungs, Heart and Liver of Broilers Fed a Grape Seed Extract and Raised at 2278 m of Altitude. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Effects of Olive Leaf and Marigold Extracts on the Utilization of Nutrients and on Bone Mineralization using Two Different Oil Sources in Broilers. J Poult Sci 2017; 55:17-27. [PMID: 32055152 PMCID: PMC6756375 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf and marigold extracts on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the principal nutrients and energy, as well as on mineral utilization (Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) in relation to bone characteristics in broilers fed walnut- or linseed oil-supplemented diets. Thirty-six 12-day-old commercial broilers Ross 308 were reared in metabolic cages, assigned to one of the six dietary treatments (3 × 2 factorial design): three supplements (not supplemented, olive leaf extract, or marigold extract), and two oils (walnut or linseed oil). The results showed that the marigold extract reduced Zn and P balances and tended to lower the balance of ash and Mg, and the ATTD of Zn and Mg. Diets with linseed oil increased the ATTD of acid detergent fiber and reduced the ATTD of the organic residue and Cu. No differences in the bone characteristics of tibia were observed between treatments. These results indicated that the inclusion of marigold extract had a negative effect on the Zn and P balance, and that neither extract had any major effect on the digestion and utilization of energy and other investigated nutrients, or on bone mineralization, irrespective of the oil source included in the diet.
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50
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Pascariu SM, Pop IM, Simeanu D, Pavel G, Solcan C. Effects of Wine by-Products on Growth Performance, Complete Blood Count and Total Antioxidant Status in Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SM Pascariu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania
| | - IM Pop
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania
| | - D Simeanu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania
| | - G Pavel
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania
| | - C Solcan
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania
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