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Yuan D, Qi Y, Ma C, Fu P, Volmer DA. Selective molecular characterization of organic aerosols using in situ laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9847. [PMID: 38890224 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The sources and chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA) exert a significant influence on both regional and global atmospheric conditions, thereby having far-reaching implications on environmental chemistry. However, existing mass spectrometry (MS) methods have limitations in characterizing the detailed composition of OA due to selective ionization as well as fractionation during cold-water extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE). METHODS A comprehensive MS study was conducted using aerosol samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. To supplement the data obtained from electrospray ionization (ESI), a strategy for analyzing OAs collected using the quartz fiber filter directly utilizing laser desorption ionization (LDI) was employed. Additionally, the ESI method was conducted to explore suitable approaches for determining various OA compositions from samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. RESULTS In situ LDI has the advantages of significantly reducing the sample volume, simplifying sample preparation, and overcoming the problem of overestimating sulfur-containing compounds usually encountered in ESI. It is suitable for the characterization of highly unsaturated and hydrophobic aerosols, such as brown carbon-type compounds with low volatility and high stability, which is supplementary to ESI. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other ionization methods, in situ LDI helps provide a complementary description of the molecular compositions of OAs, especially for analyzing OAs in polluted day samples. This method may contribute to a more comprehensive MS analysis of the elusive compositions and sources of OA in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohe Yuan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Kuzin A, Chen G, Zhu F, Gorin D, Mohan B, Choudhury U, Cui J, Modi K, Huang G, Mei Y, Solovev AA. Bridging the gap: harnessing liquid nanomachine know-how for tackling harmful airborne particulates. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17727-17738. [PMID: 37881900 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of "nanomotors", "nanomachines", and "nanorobotics" has transformed dynamic nanoparticle research, driving a transition from passive to active and intelligent nanoscale systems. This review examines two critical fields: the investigation of airborne particles, significant contributors to air pollution, and the rapidly emerging domain of catalytic and field-controlled nano- and micromotors. We examine the basic concepts of nano- and micromachines in motion and envision their possible use in a gaseous medium to trap and neutralize hazardous particulates. While past studies described the application of nanotechnology and nanomotors in various scenarios, airborne nano/micromachine motion and their control have yet to be thoroughly explored. This review intends to promote multidisciplinary research on nanomachines' propulsion and task-oriented applications, highlighting their relevance in obtaining a cleaner atmospheric environment, a critical component to consider for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kuzin
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Fenyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Udit Choudhury
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Krunal Modi
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, School of Engineering, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana 382740, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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3
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Li S, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Machado-Silva F, Gonsior M, Bastviken D, Enrich-Prast A, Valle J, Hertkorn N. Distinct Non-conservative Behavior of Dissolved Organic Matter after Mixing Solimões/Negro and Amazon/Tapajós River Waters. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:2083-2095. [PMID: 37588807 PMCID: PMC10425957 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Positive and negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and 1H NMR revealed major compositional and structural changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) after mixing two sets of river waters in Amazon confluences: the Solimões and Negro Rivers (S + N) and the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers (A + T). We also studied the effects of water mixing ratios and incubation time on the composition and structure of DOM molecules. NMR spectra demonstrated large-scale structural transformations in the case of S + N mixing, with gain of pure and functionalized aliphatic units and loss of all other structures after 1d incubation. A + T mixing resulted in comparatively minor structural alterations, with a major gain of small aliphatic biomolecular binding motifs. Remarkably, structural alterations from mixing to 1d incubation were in essence reversed from 1d to 5d incubation for both S + N and A + T mixing experiments. Heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) in endmembers S, N, and S + N mixtures remained near 0.03 μgC L-1 h-1, whereas HBP in A, T, and A + T were about five times higher. High rates of dark carbon fixation took place at S + N mixing in particular. In-depth biogeochemical characterization revealed major distinctions between DOM biogeochemical changes and temporal evolution at these key confluence sites within the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Research
Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz
Munich, Ingolstaedter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research
Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz
Munich, Ingolstaedter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research
Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz
Munich, Ingolstaedter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Fausto Machado-Silva
- Program
in Geosciences—Environmental Geochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Brazil
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake
Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland
Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland 20688, United States
| | - David Bastviken
- Department
of Thematic Studies—Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Department
of Thematic Studies—Environmental Change and Biogas Solutions
Research Center (BSRC), Linköping
University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
- Multiuser
Unit of Environmental Analysis, University
Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio
de Janeiro 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana Valle
- Research
Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz
Munich, Ingolstaedter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research
Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz
Munich, Ingolstaedter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department
of Thematic Studies—Environmental Change and Biogas Solutions
Research Center (BSRC), Linköping
University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
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4
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Li S, Meng L, Zhao C, Gu Y, Spencer RGM, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Kellerman AM, McKenna AM, Huang T, Yang H, Huang C. Spatiotemporal response of dissolved organic matter diversity to natural and anthropogenic forces along the whole mainstream of the Yangtze River. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 234:119812. [PMID: 36881953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River, the largest river in Asia, plays a crucial role in linking continental and oceanic ecosystems. However, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during long-distance transport and seasonal cycle is not fully understood. By using a combination of elemental, isotopic and optical techniques, as well as Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), we investigated DOM abundance and composition along the whole mainstream at highly spatial resolution in the dry and early wet seasons. Our findings showed that the concentration and flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Yangtze River was much lower compared with other worldwide larger rivers. The distribution of δ13CDOC and higher abundance of humic-like fluorescent component and highly unsaturated and phenolics (HUPs) compound reflected a prominent contribution of allochthonous DOM. Further optical and molecular analysis revealed humic-like fluorescent components were coupled with CHO molecules and HUPs compound with higher aromatic, unsaturated, molecular weight and stable characteristics between upstream and midstream reaches. With increasing agricultural and urban land downstream, there were more heteroatomic formulae and labile aliphatic and protein-like compounds which were derived from human activities and in situ primary production. Meanwhile, DOM gradually accumulates with slow water flow and additional autochthonous organics. Weaker solar radiation and water dilution during the dry/cold season favours highly aromatic, unsaturated and oxygenated DOM compositions. Conversely, higher discharge during the wet/warm season diluted the terrestrial DOM, but warm temperatures could promote phytoplankton growth that releases labile aliphatic and protein-like DOM. Besides, chemical sulfurization, hydrogenation and oxygenation were found during molecular cycling processes. Our research emphasizes the active response of riverine DOM to natural and anthropogenic controls, and provides a valuable preliminary background to better understand the biogeochemical cycling of DOM in a larger river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidong Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Organic Geochemistry Lab, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Lize Meng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chu Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
- Organic Geochemistry Lab, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Anne M Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Luo H, Du P, Wang P, Chen J, Li Y, Wang H, Teng Y, Li F. Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in cadmium-contaminated paddy soil amended with different materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153985. [PMID: 35189242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil is a key factor affecting the bioavailability of heavy metals, but very few studies have focused on the role of DOM in the use of soil amendments to mitigate heavy metal accumulation in crops. Here, eleven materials were added to cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soil in greenhouse pot trials; rice was grown and harvested, the chemodiversity of post-harvest soil DOM was characterized using Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, and the specific associations between soil DOM traits and water-extractable soil Cd concentration were identified at the molecular level. The results showed that the endogenous release caused by altering soil pH had a greater effect on soil DOM concentration than did the exogenous chemical input due to the application of organic amendments, which in turn contributed to the chemodiversity of DOM. After one season of rice cultivation, soil DOM molecules were mainly dominated by relatively low molecular weight heteroatom-free lignins. C/N, C/H ratios of organic materials influenced DOM molecular fingerprint patterns, and soil pH and redox potential were the main driving forces affecting the chemodiversity of DOM. Furthermore, the low molecular weight, high saturation, low aromaticity, and heteroatom-free DOM molecules are more likely to dissolve Cd from the soil solid phase, thus increasing the potential risk of Cd to the environment. The results provide critical information about amendments-induced changes in DOM chemodiversity and will inform the selection of appropriate soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ping Du
- Technical Center for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Technical Center for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yake Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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6
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Zhao R, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Light absorption properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and methanol-soluble organic carbon emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151136. [PMID: 34695472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) emitted from biomass burning (BB) plays an important role in the global radiation budget. In this work, primary OC emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion under nitrogen (N2) and air conditions in a tube furnace was investigated. The absorption spectra, chemical functional groups, and molecular compositions of OC were analyzed using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively. The light absorption properties showed that the mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365) of methanol-soluble OC (MSOC) is 3.1-3.8 times higher than that of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Moreover, the MAE365 values derived from the N2 pyrolysis atmosphere are higher than that from the air atmosphere for both MSOC and WSOC. These results indicated that OC extracted by methanol has higher light absorption, especially for the OC emitted from the N2 pyrolysis atmosphere. Although the FTIR spectra showed identical functional groups for the OC from the air and N2 conditions, molecular compositions from the FT-ICR MS analysis presented significant differences. The molecular weight (MW), double bonds equivalent (DBE), DBE/C, and modified aromaticity index (AImod) of extracted OC showed higher values in MSOC than those in WSOC, and higher values under the N2 atmosphere than those under the air atmosphere. In addition, MAE365 showed positive correlations with MW (r = 0.94), DBE (r = 0.88), DBE/C (r = 0.96), and AImod (r = 0.97), whereas negative correlations with H/C (r = -0.97), O/C (r = -0.90), N/C (r = -0.88), and S/C (r = -0.93). These results indicated that molecules with larger MW and a high level of unsaturation and aromaticity present higher light absorption, while molecules with high elemental ratios of H/C, O/C, N/C, and S/C are adverse to light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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7
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Multidimensional Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Organic Aerosols: Challenges and New Perspectives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic aerosols (OA) are an important component of air particles and one of the key drivers that impact both climate and human health. Understanding the processes involving water-soluble OA depends on how well the chemical composition of this aerosol component is decoded. Yet, obtaining detailed information faces several challenges, including water-soluble OA collection, extraction, and chemical complexity. This review highlights the multidimensional non-targeted analytical strategies that have been developed and employed for providing new insights into the structural and molecular features of water-soluble organic components present in air particles. First, the most prominent high-resolution mass spectrometric methods for near real-time measurements of water-soluble OA and their limitations are discussed. Afterward, a special emphasis is given to the degree of compositional information provided by offline multidimensional analytical techniques, namely excitation–emission (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and their hyphenation with chromatographic systems. The major challenges ahead on the application of these multidimensional analytical strategies for OA research are also addressed so that they can be used advantageously in future studies.
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8
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Liu M, Tan Y, Fang K, Chen C, Tang Z, Liu X, Yu Z. Diverse molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter derived from different composts using ESI FT-ICR MS. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:80-89. [PMID: 33183719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from various composts can promote significant changes of soil properties. However, little is known about the DOM compositions and their similarities and differences at the molecular level. In this study, the molecular compositions of DOM derived from kitchen waste compost (KWC), green waste compost (GWC), manure waste compost (MWC), and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were characterized by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). The molecular formulas were classified into four subcategories: CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS. The KWC, MWC, and SSC DOM represented the highest fraction (35.8%-47.4%) of CHON subcategory, while the GWC DOM represented the highest fraction (68.4%) of CHO subcategory. The GWC DOM was recognized as the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient compounds that were less saturated, more aromatic, and more oxidized compared with other samples. Further analysis of the oxygen, nitrogen-containing (N-containing), and sulfur-containing (S-containing) functional groups in the four subcategories revealed higher organic molecular complexity. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the four samples revealed 22.8% ubiquitous formulas and 17.4%, 11.1%, 10.7%, and 6.3% unique formulas of GWC, KWC, SSC, and MWC DOM, respectively, suggesting a large proportion of ubiquitous DOM as well as unique, source-specific molecular signatures. The findings presented herein provide new insight into the molecular characterization of DOM derived from various composts and demonstrated the potential role of these different compounds for agricultural utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Changya Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China.
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
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9
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Hofmann R, Uhl J, Hertkorn N, Griebler C. Linkage Between Dissolved Organic Matter Transformation, Bacterial Carbon Production, and Diversity in a Shallow Oligotrophic Aquifer: Results From Flow-Through Sediment Microcosm Experiments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:543567. [PMID: 33250862 PMCID: PMC7674671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.543567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquifers are important reservoirs for organic carbon. A fundamental understanding of the role of groundwater ecosystems in carbon cycling, however, is still missing. Using sediment flow-through microcosms, long-term (171d) experiments were conducted to test two scenarios. First, aquifer sediment microbial communities received dissolved organic matter (DOM) at low concentration and typical to groundwater in terms of composition (DOM-1x). Second, sediments received an elevated concentration of DOM originating from soil (DOM-5x). Changes in DOM composition were analyzed via NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Carbon production, physiological adaptations and biodiversity of groundwater, and sediment prokaryotic communities were monitored by total cell counts, substrate use arrays, and deep amplicon sequencing. The experiments showed that groundwater microbial communities do not react very fast to the sudden availability of labile organic carbon from soil in terms of carbon degradation and biomass production. It took days to weeks for incoming DOM being efficiently degraded and pronounced cell production occurred. Once conditioned, the DOM-1x supplied sediments mineralized 294(±230) μgC L−1sed d−1, 10-times less than the DOM-5x fed sediment communities [2.9(±1.1) mgC L−1sed d−1]. However, the overall biomass carbon production was hardly different in the two treatments with 13.7(±4.8) μgC L−1sed d−1 and 14.3(±3.5) μgC L−1sed d−1, respectively, hinting at a significantly lower carbon use efficiency with higher DOM availability. However, the molecularly more diverse DOM from soil fostered a higher bacterial diversity. Taking the irregular inputs of labile DOM into account, shallow aquifers are assumed to have a low resilience. Lacking a highly active and responsive microbial community, oligotrophic aquifers are at high risk of contamination with organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hofmann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Schulze-Makuch D, Haque S, Beckles D, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, Schneider B, Stumpp C, Wagner D. A chemical and microbial characterization of selected mud volcanoes in Trinidad reveals pathogens introduced by surface water and rain water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136087. [PMID: 31874397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial mud volcanoes are unique structures driven by tectonic pressure and fluids from the deep subsurface. These structures are mainly found in active tectonic zones, such as the area near the Los Bajos Fault in Trinidad. Here we report a chemical and microbiological characterization of three mud volcanoes, which included analyses of multiple liquid and solid samples from the mud volcanoes. Our study confirms previous suggestions that at least some of the mud volcano fluids are a mixture of deeper salt-rich water and surficial/precipitation water. No apparent water quality differences were found between sampling sites north and south of a major geological fault line. Microbiological analyses revealed diverse communities, both aerobic and anaerobic, including sulfate reducers, methanogens, carbon dioxide fixing and denitrifying bacteria. Several identified species were halophilic and likely derived from the deeper salt-rich subsurface water, while we also cultivated pathogenic species from the Vibrionaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Shewanellaceae, and Clostridiaceae. These microorganisms were likely introduced into the mud volcano fluids both from surface water or shallow ground-water, and perhaps to a more minor degree by rain water. The identified pathogens are a major health concern that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schulze-Makuch
- Astrobiology Group, Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Groundwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Shirin Haque
- University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Denise Beckles
- University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Schneider
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Almeida AS, Ferreira RMP, Silva AMS, Duarte AC, Neves BM, Duarte RMBO. Structural Features and Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Inhalable Fine Urban Air Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1082-1091. [PMID: 31710482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of inhalable fine particulate matter (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) on public health is of great concern worldwide. Knowledge on their harmful effects are mainly due to studies carried out with whole air particles, with the contribution of their different fractions remaining largely unknown. Herein, a set of urban PM2.5 samples were collected during daytime and nighttime periods in autumn and spring, aiming to address the seasonal and day-night variability of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) composition. In vitro analysis of the oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential of WSOM samples was carried out in both acute (24 h) and chronic (3 weeks) exposure setups using Raw264.7 macrophages as cell model. Findings revealed that the structural composition of WSOM samples differs between seasons and in a day-night cycle. Cell exposure resulted in an increase in the transcription of the cytoprotective Hmox1 and pro-inflammatory genes Il1b and Nos2, leading to a moderate pro-inflammatory status. These macrophages showed an impaired capacity to subsequently respond to a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which may implicate a compromised capacity to manage harmful pathogens. Further investigation on aerosol WSOM could help to constrain the mechanisms of WSOM-induced respiratory diseases and contribute to PM2.5 regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine S Almeida
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rita M P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Bruno M Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Regina M B O Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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12
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Gotthardt M, Kanawati B, Schmidt F, Asam S, Hammerl R, Frank O, Hofmann T, Schmitt‐Kopplin P, Rychlik M. Comprehensive Analysis of the
Alternaria
Mycobolome Using Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900558. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gotthardt
- Chair of Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Maximus‐von‐Imhof Forum 2 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Basem Kanawati
- HelmholtzZentrum München Ingolstädter Landstraβe 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Chair of Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Maximus‐von‐Imhof Forum 2 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Stefan Asam
- Chair of Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Maximus‐von‐Imhof Forum 2 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Richard Hammerl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular SensoryTechnical University of Munich Lise‐Meitner‐Straβe 34 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular SensoryTechnical University of Munich Lise‐Meitner‐Straβe 34 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular SensoryTechnical University of Munich Lise‐Meitner‐Straβe 34 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin
- Chair of Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Maximus‐von‐Imhof Forum 2 85354 Freising Germany
- HelmholtzZentrum München Ingolstädter Landstraβe 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Maximus‐von‐Imhof Forum 2 85354 Freising Germany
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13
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Li X, Kuang BY, Huang C, Tong R, Yu JZ. Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene α-Hydroxy Organosulfates: Synthesis, MS/MS Characteristics, and Ambient Presence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12278-12290. [PMID: 31584263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs) derived from biogenic volatile organic compounds are important compounds signifying interactions between anthropogenic sulfur pollution and natural emission. In this work, we substantially expand the OS standard library through the chemical synthesis of 26 α-hydroxy OS standards from eight monoterpenes (i.e., α- and β-pinene, limonene, sabinene, Δ3-carene, terpinolene, and α- and γ-terpinene) and two sesquiterpenes (i.e., α-humulene and β-caryophyllene). The sulfation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-diol intermediates produced a regioisomeric mixture of two OSs. The major regioisomeric OSs were isolated and purified for full NMR characterization, while the minor regioisomers could only be determined by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (MS). The tandem mass spectra of the molecular ion formed through electrospray ionization confirmed the formation of abundant bisulfate ion fragments (m/z 97) and certain minor ion fragments characteristic of the carbon backbone. A knowledge of the MS/MS spectra and chromatographic retention times for authentic standards allows us to identify α-hydroxy OSs derived from six monoterpenes and β-caryophyllene in ambient samples. Notably, among two possible regioisomers of α-hydroxy OSs, we only detected the isomers with the sulfate group at the less substituted carbon position derived from α-pinene, limonene, sabinene, Δ3-carene, and terpinolene in the ambient samples. This observation sheds light on the atmospheric OS formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | | | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
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14
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Ning C, Gao Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Wang L, Geng N, Cao R, Chen J. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matters in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM 2.5) from a coastal city of northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:312-321. [PMID: 31276999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in fine particulate matters (PM2.5) play a crucial role in global climate change and carbon cycle. However, the chemical components of DOMs are poorly understood due to its ultra-complexity. In this study, DOMs in atmospheric PM2.5 collected during the heating period in coastal city Dalian were analyzed with ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, and the molecular composition was characterized. A large number of monoisotopic molecular formulas were assigned to DOMs, which could be classified into CHO, CHNO, CHOS, and CHNOS subgroups. A total of 4228 molecular formulas were identified in DOMs collected in hazy days, while only 2313 components were found in DOMs collected in normal days. CHO group was the dominated components in normal days, whereas CHNO group gave significantly higher contributions in hazy days. The S-containing (CHOS and CHNOS) groups posed the highest relative percentages in both normal and hazy days. In addition, potential emission sources were discussed according to the chemical component analysis. The van Krevelent diagram illustrated that lignin-like and protein/amino sugar family species were the most abundant subclasses in DOMs; and 78% and 94% of DOMs in atmospheric PM2.5 collected from Dalian could come from biogenic origins in hazy and normal days, respectively. More compounds in hazy days were derived from anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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15
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Spranger T, Pinxteren DV, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ, Herrmann H. 2D Liquid Chromatographic Fractionation with Ultra-high Resolution MS Analysis Resolves a Vast Molecular Diversity of Tropospheric Particle Organics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11353-11363. [PMID: 31478645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2D-liquid chromatographic fractionation method was combined with direct infusion electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to better resolve the high complexity of the organic material in atmospheric particles. The number of assigned molecular formulas increased by a factor of 2.3 for the fractionated sample (18 144) compared to a bulk sample analysis without fractionation (7819), while simultaneously allowing the identification of 71 240 isomeric compounds. Accounting for these isomers has an impact on the means and distributions of different descriptive sample parameters. More than 15 000 compounds were exclusively identified in the fractionated sample providing insights regarding the formation of organosulfates, reduced N-containing compounds, and polyaromatic compounds. Further, a new method for assigning organonitrates and poly-organonitrates based on Kendrick mass defect analysis is presented. The current study implicates that analytical separation leads to much more detailed insights into particle organics composition, while more commonly applied direct infusion MS studies can strongly underestimate composition complexity and lead to biased assignments of bulk organic properties. Overall, the particle organics composition is far more complex than previously shown, while separation through better chromatographic techniques helps to understand formation processes of atmospheric particle constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Spranger
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | | | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
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16
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He D, He C, Li P, Zhang X, Shi Q, Sun Y. Optical and Molecular Signatures of Dissolved Organic Matter Reflect Anthropogenic Influence in a Coastal River, Northeast China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:603-613. [PMID: 31180420 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sources and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal rivers have been tightly linked with its reactivity and fate, thus influencing element and nutrient cycling. The DOM in coastal rivers is usually sourced from both terrestrial and marine inputs, with further complication by anthropogenic activities, which is less understood in coastal rivers located near populated industrial regions. In this study, DOM in a typical anthropogenically influenced coastal river, Daliao River, was analyzed for optical analyses and for molecular composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to give a better scope of composition and sources of DOM. The DOM was enriched in autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs at upstream sites according to high chlorophyll a concentrations, strong protein-like fluorescence, and nonoxygen heteroatomic CHOS formulae (19-24% by relative peak intensity) detected by FT-ICR MS analysis. A series of surfactant-like formulae, indicative of wastewater inputs, were identified and showed a decreasing trend from upstream to the river mouth. Compared with large world rivers, the DOM of Daliao River is characterized by higher abundances of heteroatomic (excluding O) formulae and molecular lability, which is likely caused by strong autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs. In general, we demonstrate that in addition to optical properties, the molecular composition can assess the specific anthropogenic imprints and molecular lability of DOM, which is essential for constraining sources and identifying processes during the transit of DOM from the river to estuary with increasing urbanization and industrialization.
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17
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Leefmann T, Frickenhaus S, Koch BP. UltraMassExplorer: a browser-based application for the evaluation of high-resolution mass spectrometric data. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:193-202. [PMID: 30366355 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with high sample throughput has become an important analytical tool for the analysis of highly complex samples and data processing has become a major challenge for the user community. Evaluating direct-infusion HRMS data without automated tools for batch processing can be a time-consuming step in the analytical pipeline. Therefore, we developed a new browser-based software tool for processing HRMS data. METHODS The software, named UltraMassExplorer (UME), was written in the R programming language using the shiny library to build the graphical user interface. The performance of the integrated formula library search algorithm was tested using HRMS data derived from analyses of up to 50 extracts of marine dissolved organic matter. RESULTS The software supports the processing of lists of calibrated masses of neutral, protonated or deprotonated molecules, with masses of up to 700 Da and a mass accuracy <3 ppm. In the performance test, the number of assigned peaks per second increased with the number of submitted peaks and reached a maximum rate of 4745 assigned peaks per second. CONCLUSIONS UME offers a complete data evaluation pipeline comprising a fast molecular formula assignment algorithm allowing for the swift reanalysis of complete datasets, advanced filter functions and the export of data, metadata and publication-quality graphics. Unique to UME is a fast and interactive connection between data and their visual representation. UME provides a new platform enabling an increased transparency, customization, documentation and comparability of datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leefmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Stephan Frickenhaus
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Centre for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris P Koch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
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18
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Duarte RMBO, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Silva AMS, Duarte AC. Comparative study of atmospheric water-soluble organic aerosols composition in contrasting suburban environments in the Iberian Peninsula Coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:430-441. [PMID: 30121042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the structural composition and major sources of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from PM2.5 collected, in parallel, during summer and winter, in two contrasting suburban sites at Iberian Peninsula Coast: Aveiro (Portugal) and Coruña (Spain). PM10 samples were also collected at Coruña for comparison. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5, total nitrogen (TN), and WSOM were higher in Aveiro than in Coruña, with the highest levels found in winter at both locations. In Coruña, concentrations of PM10, TN, and WSOM were higher than those from PM2.5. Regardless of the season, stable isotopic δ13C and δ15N in PM2.5 suggested important contributions of anthropogenic fresh organic aerosols (OAs) at Aveiro. In Coruña, δ13C and δ15N of PM2.5 and PM10 suggests decreased anthropogenic input during summer. Although excitation-emission fluorescence profiles were similar for all WSOM samples, multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed differences in their structural composition, reflecting differences in aging processes and/or local sources between the two locations. In PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro, the relative distribution of non-exchangeable proton functional groups was in the order: HC (40-43%) > HCC (31-39%) > HCO (12-15%) > Ar-H (5.0-13%). However, in PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña, the relative contribution of HCO groups (24-30% and 23-29%, respectively) equals and/or surpasses that of HCC (25-26% and 25-29%, respectively), being also higher than those of Aveiro. In both locations, the highest aromatic contents were observed during winter due to biomass burning emissions. The structural composition of PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña is dominated by oxygenated aliphatic compounds, reflecting the contribution of secondary OAs from biogenic, soil dust, and minor influence of anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, the composition of PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro appears to be significantly impacted by fresh and secondary anthropogenic OAs. Marine and biomass burning OAs are important contributors, common to both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M B O Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria Piñeiro-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hemmler D, Moritz F, Gougeon RD, Lucio M, Meringer M, Müller C, Harir M, Hertkorn N. Systems chemical analytics: introduction to the challenges of chemical complexity analysis. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:9-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We present concepts of complexity, and complex chemistry in systems subjected to biotic and abiotic transformations, and introduce analytical possibilities to disentangle chemical complexity into its elementary parts as a global integrated approach termed systems chemical analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Daniel Hemmler
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Régis D. Gougeon
- UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon
- Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin
- Dijon
- France
| | - Marianna Lucio
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Markus Meringer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)
- Earth Observation Center (EOC)
- 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling
- Germany
| | - Constanze Müller
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- D-85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
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20
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JIANG HX, LI J, TANG J, MO YZ, ZHANG G. Applications of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Brown Carbon. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Bianco A, Deguillaume L, Vaïtilingom M, Nicol E, Baray JL, Chaumerliac N, Bridoux M. Molecular Characterization of Cloud Water Samples Collected at the Puy de Dôme (France) by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10275-10285. [PMID: 30052429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cloud droplets contain dynamic and complex pools of highly heterogeneous organic matter, resulting from the dissolution of both water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol particles and gas-phase soluble species, and are constantly impacted by chemical, photochemical, and biological transformations. Cloud samples from two summer events, characterized by different air masses and physicochemical properties, were collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France, concentrated on a strata-X solid-phase extraction cartridge and directly infused using electrospray ionization in the negative mode coupled with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. A significantly higher number (n = 5258) of monoisotopic molecular formulas, assigned to CHO, CHNO, CHSO, and CHNSO, were identified in the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over the highly urbanized Paris region (J1) compared to the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over remote areas (n = 2896; J2). Van Krevelen diagrams revealed that lignins/CRAM-like, aliphatics/proteins-like, and lipids-like compounds were the most abundant classes in both samples. Comparison of our results with previously published data sets on atmospheric aqueous media indicated that the average O/C ratios reported in this work (0.37) are similar to those reported for fog water and for biogenic aerosols but are lower than the values measured for aerosols sampled in the atmosphere and for aerosols produced artificially in environmental chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bianco
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
- CEA, DAM, DIF , F-91297 Arpajon , France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Mickaël Vaïtilingom
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Edith Nicol
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , Université Paris-Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Jean-Luc Baray
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Nadine Chaumerliac
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
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Song J, Li M, Jiang B, Wei S, Fan X, Peng P. Molecular Characterization of Water-Soluble Humic like Substances in Smoke Particles Emitted from Combustion of Biomass Materials and Coal Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2575-2585. [PMID: 29385328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble humic like substances (HULIS) in smoke particles emitted from combustion of biomass materials and coal were characterized by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The formulas identified were classified into four main groups: CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS. The average H/C and O/C ratios are 1.13-1.33, 1.01-1.13, 1.26-1.48, 1.09-1.24 and 0.21-0.41, 0.27-0.45, 0.41-0.46, 0.44-0.61 for the CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS groups, respectively. The CHO compound was the predominant component (43%-72%) of the smoke HULIS from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, followed by the CHON group for BB-smoke HULIS and the S-containing groups (i.e., CHOS and CHONS) for coal-smoke HULIS. These results indicate that the primary HULIS emitted from biomass burning contain a high abundance of CHON species, which appear to be made up mainly of oxidized nitrogen functional groups such as nitro compounds and/or organonitrates. The coal-smoke HULIS contained more compounds with relatively low molecular weight and high aromaticity index (AImod). They were significantly enriched in S-containing compounds with high double bond equivalent (≥4), and O/S ratios suggest that they are most likely made up of aromatic organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates that are usually found in polluted atmospheres. These findings imply that the primary emissions from combustion of biomass and coal fuels are potential sources of water-soluble HULIS in an atmospheric matrix and that coal combustion is an especially important source of sulfate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Meiju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Siye Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- College of Resource and Environment , Anhui Science and Technology University , Anhui 233100 , P. R. China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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Zheng C, Wang Q, Ning Y, Fan Y, Feng S, He C, Zhang TC, Shen Z. Isolation of a 2-picolinic acid-assimilating bacterium and its proposed degradation pathway. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:681-688. [PMID: 28917103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. ZD1, aerobically utilizes 2-picolinic acid as a source of carbon, nitrogen and energy, was isolated. ZD1 completely degraded 2-picolinic acid when the initial concentrations ranged from 25 to 300mg/L. Specific growth rate (μ) and specific consumption rate (q) increased continually in the concentration range of 25-100mg/L, and then declined. Based on the Haldane model and Andrew's model, μmax and qmax were calculated as 3.9 and 16.5h-1, respectively. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was used to determine the main intermediates in the degradation pathway. Moreover, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was innovatively used to deduce the ring cleavage mechanism of N-heterocycle of 2-picolinic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first report on not only the utilization of 2-picolinic acid by a Burkholderia sp., but also applying FT-ICR-MS and ATR-FTIR for exploring the biodegradation pathway of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiaorui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanli Ning
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, PR China
| | - Yurui Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chi He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- 205D, PKI, Civil Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha campus, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, USA
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
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Matos JTV, Duarte RMBO, Lopes SP, Silva AMS, Duarte AC. Persistence of urban organic aerosols composition: Decoding their structural complexity and seasonal variability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:281-290. [PMID: 28806693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic Aerosols (OAs) are typically defined as highly complex matrices whose composition changes in time and space. Focusing on time vector, this work uses two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) techniques to examine the structural features of water-soluble (WSOM) and alkaline-soluble organic matter (ASOM) sequentially extracted from fine atmospheric aerosols collected in an urban setting during cold and warm seasons. This study reveals molecular signatures not previously decoded in NMR-related studies of OAs as meaningful source markers. Although the ASOM is less hydrophilic and structurally diverse than its WSOM counterpart, both fractions feature a core with heteroatom-rich branched aliphatics from both primary (natural and anthropogenic) and secondary origin, aromatic secondary organics originated from anthropogenic aromatic precursors, as well as primary saccharides and amino sugar derivatives from biogenic emissions. These common structures represent those 2D NMR spectral signatures that are present in both seasons and can thus be seen as an "annual background" profile of the structural composition of OAs at the urban location. Lignin-derived structures, nitroaromatics, disaccharides, and anhydrosaccharides signatures were also identified in the WSOM samples only from periods identified as smoke impacted, which reflects the influence of biomass-burning sources. The NMR dataset on the H-C molecules backbone was also used to propose a semi-quantitative structural model of urban WSOM, which will aid efforts for more realistic studies relating the chemical properties of OAs with their atmospheric behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T V Matos
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Regina M B O Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia P Lopes
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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25
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Roullier-Gall C, Heinzmann SS, Garcia JP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gougeon RD. Chemical messages from an ancient buried bottle: metabolomics for wine archeochemistry. NPJ Sci Food 2017; 1:1. [PMID: 31304243 PMCID: PMC6548415 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-017-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration works in the old Clunisian Saint-Vivant monastery in Burgundy revealed an unidentified wine bottle (SV1) dating between 1772 and 1860. Chemical evidence for SV1 origin and nature are presented here using non-targeted Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analyses. The SV1 chemical diversity was compared to red wines (Pinot Noir) from the Romanée Saint Vivant appellation and from six different vintages spanning from 1915 to 2009. The close metabolomic signature between SV1 and Romanée Saint Vivant wines spoke in favor of a filiation between these wines, in particular considering the Pinot noir grape variety. A further statistical comparison with up to 77 Pinot noir wines from Burgundy and vintages from nearly all the 20th century, confirmed that SV1 must have been made more than one hundred years ago. The increasing number of detected high masses and of nitrogen containing compounds with the ageing of the wine was in accordance with known ageing mechanisms. Besides, resveratrol was shown here to be preserved for more than one hundred years in wine. For the first time, the age of an old unknown wine along with its grape variety have been assessed through non-targeted metabolomic analyses. For the first time, non-targeted metabolomics analyses were employed to assess the age of an unlabeled old wine together with its grape variety. Roullier-Gall at the Technische Universitat Munchen and coworkers from both Germany and France identified the metabolomics of unknown wine SV1 using high resolution FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry in combination with NMR. By comparing the metabolic signature of SV1 with the reference wines, it was found the SV1 wine was more than 100 years old and its grape variety was close to the Pinot Noir from the Romanée Saint Vivant appellation. Moreover, this was the first time that resveratrol was observed in wines of more than one hundred years. This archeochemical method can serve as an alternative approach to the commonly used genetic-based techniques on the wine authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Roullier-Gall
- 1Technische Universitat Munchen, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,2German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke S Heinzmann
- 2German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Garcia
- 3UMR 6298 ARTEHIS, Université de Bourgogne/CNRS/culture, Université de Bourgogne, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- 1Technische Universitat Munchen, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,2German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Régis D Gougeon
- UMR A 02.102 PAM Université de Bourgogne/Agrosup Dijon, Equipe PCAV, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Jules Guyot, Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877 Dijon Cedex, France
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26
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Land-based salmon aquacultures change the quality and bacterial degradation of riverine dissolved organic matter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43739. [PMID: 28256613 PMCID: PMC5335611 DOI: 10.1038/srep43739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquacultures are of great economic importance worldwide but pollute pristine headwater streams, lakes, and estuaries. However, there are no in-depth studies of the consequences of aquacultures on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and structure. We performed a detailed molecular level characterization of aquaculture DOM quality and its bacterial degradation using four salmon aquacultures in Chile. Fluorescence measurements, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the DOM revealed specific and extensive molecular alterations caused by aquacultures. Aquacultures released large quantities of readily bioavailable metabolites (primarily carbohydrates and peptides/proteins, and lipids), causing the organic matter downstream of all the investigated aquacultures to deviate strongly from the highly processed, polydisperse and molecularly heterogeneous DOM found in pristine rivers. However, the upstream individual catchment DOM signatures remained distinguishable at the downstream sites. The benthic algal biovolume decreased and the bacterial biovolume and production increased downstream of the aquacultures, shifting stream ecosystems to a more heterotrophic state and thus impairing the ecosystem health. The bacterial DOM degradation rates explain the attenuation of aquaculture DOM within the subsequent stream reaches. This knowledge may aid the development of improved waste processing facilities and may help to define emission thresholds to protect sensitive stream ecosystems.
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Kamilli KA, Ofner J, Krause T, Sattler T, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Eitenberger E, Friedbacher G, Lendl B, Lohninger H, Schöler HF, Held A. How salt lakes affect atmospheric new particle formation: A case study in Western Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:985-995. [PMID: 27599062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation was studied above salt lakes in-situ using a mobile aerosol chamber set up above the salt crust and organic-enriched layers of seven different salt lakes in Western Australia. This unique setup made it possible to explore the influence of salt lake emissions on atmospheric new particle formation, and to identify interactions of aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry. New particle formation was typically observed at enhanced air temperatures and enhanced solar irradiance. Volatile organic compounds were released from the salt lake surfaces, probably from a soil layer enriched in organic compounds from decomposed leaf litter, and accumulated in the chamber air. After oxidation of these organic precursor gases, the reaction products contributed to new particle formation with observed growth rates from 2.7 to 25.4nmh-1. The presence of ferrous and ferric iron and a drop of pH values in the salt lake water just before new particle formation events indicated that organic compounds were also oxidized in the aqueous phase, affecting the new particle formation process in the atmosphere. The contribution of aqueous-phase chemistry to new particle formation is assumed, as a mixture of hundreds of oxidized organic compounds was characterized with several analytical techniques. This chemically diverse composition of the organic aerosol fraction contained sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organic compounds, and halogenated organic compounds. Coarse mode particles were analyzed using electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to analyze filter samples. A targeted mass spectral analysis revealed the formation of organosulfates from monoterpene precursors and two known tracers for secondary organic aerosol formation from atmospheric oxidation of 1,8-cineole, which indicates that a complex interplay of aqueous-phase and gas-phase oxidation of monoterpenes contributes to new particle formation in the investigated salt lake environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kamilli
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - J Ofner
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Krause
- Institute of Earth Science, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sattler
- Institute of Earth Science, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - E Eitenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Friedbacher
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Lohninger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - H F Schöler
- Institute of Earth Science, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Held
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, Bayreuth, Germany
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28
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Li Y, Harir M, Lucio M, Gonsior M, Koch BP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N. Comprehensive structure-selective characterization of dissolved organic matter by reducing molecular complexity and increasing analytical dimensions. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:477-487. [PMID: 27770724 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular codes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) improves our understanding of its role in the global element cycles and its active involvement in ecosystem services. This study demonstrates comprehensive characterization of DOM by an initial polarity-based stepwise solid phase extraction (SPE) with single methanol elution of the cartridges, but separate collection of equal aliquots of eluate. The reduction of molecular complexity in the individual DOM fractions attenuates intermolecular interactions and substantially increases the disposable resolution of any structure selective characterization. Suwannee River DOM (SR DOM) was used to collect five distinct SPE fractions with overall 91% DOC recovery. Optical spectroscopy (UV and fluorescence spectroscopy), high-field Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed analogous hierarchical clustering among the five eluates corroborating the robustness of this approach. Two abundant moderately hydrophobic fractions contained most of the SR DOM compounds, with substantial proportions of aliphatics, carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules, carbohydrates and aromatics. A minor early eluting hydrophilic fraction was highly aliphatic and presented a large diversity of alicyclic carboxylic acids, whereas the two late eluting, minor hydrophobic fractions appeared as a largely defunctionalized mixture of aliphatic molecules. Comparative mass analysis showed that fractionation of SR DOM was governed by multiple molecular interactions depending on O/C ratio, molecular weight and aromaticity. The traditional optical indices SUVA254 and fluorescence index (FI) indicated the relative aromaticity in agreement with FTICR mass and NMR spectra; the classical fluorescent peaks A and C were observed in all four latter eluates. This versatile approach can be easily expanded to preparative scale under field conditions, and transferred to different DOM sources and SPE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Salomons, MD, 20688, USA
| | - Boris P Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar und Marine Research, Ecological Chemistry, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany; Hochschule Bremerhaven, University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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29
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Jin L, Luo X, Fu P, Li X. Airborne particulate matter pollution in urban China: a chemical mixture perspective from sources to impacts. Natl Sci Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRapid urban and industrial development has resulted in severe air-pollution problems in developing countries such as China, especially in highly industrialized and populous urban clusters. Dissecting the complex mixtures of airborne particulate matter (PM) has been a key scientific focus in the last two decades, leading to significant advances in understanding physicochemical compositions for comprehensive source apportionment. However, identifying causative components with an attributable link to population-based health outcomes remains a huge challenge. The microbiome, an integral dimension of the PM mixture, is an unexplored frontier in terms of identities and functions in atmospheric processes and human health. In this review, we identify the major gaps in addressing these issues, and recommend a holistic framework for evaluating the sources, processes and impacts of atmospheric PM pollution. Such an approach and the knowledge generated will facilitate the formulation of regulatory measures to control PM pollution in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Mazur DM, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Polyakova OV, Lebedev AT. High field FT-ICR mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of snow board from Moscow regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:12-19. [PMID: 26994789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry analysis of eight snow samples from Moscow city allowed us to identify more than 2000 various elemental compositions corresponding to regional air pollutants. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the data showed good concordance of three main groups of samples with the main wind directions. The North-West group (A1) is represented by several homologous CHOS series of aliphatic organic aerosols. They may form as a result of enhanced photochemical reactions including oxidation of hydrocarbons with sulfonations due to higher amount of SO2 emissions in the atmosphere in this region. Group A2, corresponding to the South-East part of Moscow, contains large amount of oxidized hydrocarbons of different sources that may form during oxidation in atmosphere. These hydrocarbons appear correlated to emissions from traffic, neighboring oil refinery, and power plants. Another family of compounds specific for this region involves CHNO substances formed during oxidation processes including NOx and NO3 radical since emissions of NOx are higher in this part of the city. Group A3 is rich in CHO type of compounds with high H/C and low O/C ratios, which is characteristic of oxidized hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol. CHNO types of compounds in A3 group are probably nitro derivatives of condensed hydrocarbons such as PAH. This non-targeted profiling revealed site specific distribution of pollutants and gives a chance to develop new strategies in air quality control and further studies of Moscow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Mazur
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gori, 1, bld. 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Olga V Polyakova
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gori, 1, bld. 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert T Lebedev
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gori, 1, bld. 3, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Detailed Source-Specific Molecular Composition of Ambient Aerosol Organic Matter Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry and 1H NMR. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Tong H, Kourtchev I, Pant P, Keyte IJ, O'Connor IP, Wenger JC, Pope FD, Harrison RM, Kalberer M. Molecular composition of organic aerosols at urban background and road tunnel sites using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:51-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere is highly complex and strongly influenced by vehicular emissions which vary according to the make-up of the vehicle fleet. Normalized test measurements do not necessarily reflect real-world emission profiles and road tunnels are therefore ideal locations to characterise realistic traffic particle emissions with minimal interference from other particle sources and from atmospheric aging processes affecting their composition. In the current study, the composition of fine particles (diameter ≤2.5 μm) at an urban background site (Elms Road Observatory Site) and a road tunnel (Queensway) in Birmingham, UK, were analysed with direct infusion, nano-electrospray ionisation ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). The overall particle composition at these two sites is compared with an industrial harbour site in Cork, Ireland, with special emphasis on oxidised mono-aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-aromatics. Different classification criteria, such as double bond equivalents, aromaticity index and aromaticity equivalent are used and compared to assess the fraction of aromatic components in the approximately one thousand oxidized organic compounds at the different sampling locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Pallavi Pant
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian J. Keyte
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian P. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - John C. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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33
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Neth K, Lucio M, Walker A, Zorn J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Michalke B. Changes in Brain Metallome/Metabolome Pattern due to a Single i.v. Injection of Manganese in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138270. [PMID: 26383269 PMCID: PMC4575095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high concentrations of Manganese (Mn) is known to potentially induce an accumulation in the brain, leading to a Parkinson related disease, called manganism. Versatile mechanisms of Mn-induced brain injury are discussed, with inactivation of mitochondrial defense against oxidative stress being a major one. So far, studies indicate that the main Mn-species entering the brain are low molecular mass (LMM) compounds such as Mn-citrate. Applying a single low dose MnCl2 injection in rats, we observed alterations in Mn-species pattern within the brain by analysis of aqueous brain extracts by size-exclusion chromatography—inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Additionally, electrospray ionization—ion cyclotron resonance-Fourier transform-mass spectrometry (ESI-ICR/FT-MS) measurement of methanolic brain extracts revealed a comprehensive analysis of changes in brain metabolisms after the single MnCl2 injection. Major alterations were observed for amino acid, fatty acid, glutathione, glucose and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. The power of this metabolomic approach is the broad and detailed overview of affected brain metabolisms. We also correlated results from the metallomic investigations (Mn concentrations and Mn-species in brain) with the findings from metabolomics. This strategy might help to unravel the role of different Mn-species during Mn-induced alterations in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Neth
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Zorn
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, D- 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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34
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Hertkorn N, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Nontarget analysis of Murchison soluble organic matter by high-field NMR spectroscopy and FTICR mass spectrometry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:754-68. [PMID: 26275226 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-field NMR spectra of Murchison meteorite methanolic extracts revealed primarily aliphatic extraterrestrial organic matter (EOM) with near statistical branching of commonly C(3-5) units separated by heteroatoms and aromatic units. The ratios of CCH, OCH and C(sp2)H units were 89 : 8 : 3, whereas carbon-based aliphatic chain termination was in the order methyl > -COOH > -CH(CH3)COOH. Aliphatic methine carbon was abundant, but its weak NMR signatures were primarily deduced from JRES (J-resolved) NMR spectra. Carbon NMR spectra were dominated by methylene and methyl carbon; strong apodization revealed methine carbon, of which about 20% was aromatic. Extrapolation provided 5-7% aromatic carbon present in Murchison soluble EOM. Compositional heterogeneity in Murchison methanolic extracts was visible in NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FTICR) mass spectra obtained from a few cubic millimeters of solid Murchison meteorite; increasing sample size enhanced uniformity of NMR spectra. Intrinsic chemical diversity and pH-dependent chemical shift variance contributed to the disparity of NMR spectra. FTICR mass spectra provided distinct clustering of CHO/CHOS and CHNO/CHNOS molecular series and confirmed the prevalence of aliphatic/alicyclic (73%) over single aromatic (21%) and polyaromatic (6%) molecular compositions, suggesting extensive aliphatic substitution of aromatic units as proposed by NMR. Murchison soluble EOM molecules feature a center with enhanced aromatic and heteroatom content, which provides rather diffuse and weak NMR signatures resulting from a huge overall chemical diversity. The periphery of Murchison EOM molecules comprises flexible branched aliphatic chains and aliphatic carboxylic acids. These project on narrow ranges of chemical shift, facilitating observation in one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectra. The conformational entropy provided by these flexible surface moieties facilitates the solubility of EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ph Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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35
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Duarte RMBO, Duarte AC. Unraveling the structural features of organic aerosols by NMR spectroscopy: a review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:658-666. [PMID: 25855468 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our limited understanding of the effect of organic aerosols (OAs) on the climate and human health is largely because of the vast array of formation processes and sources that produce a multitude of molecular structures and physical properties. The need to unravel the enormous complexity and heterogeneity of OAs and thus understand their effects on the climate and human health has led to the development of different off-line methods based on the use of advanced analytical techniques. Within this context, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become essential for acquiring detailed structural characterization of the complex natural organic matter contained in atmospheric aerosols. In this article, we present a critical review on the application of NMR spectroscopy in OAs (primary and secondary) studies, focusing mainly on the water-soluble organic fraction, and how NMR has impacted our knowledge on atmospheric organic matter. A major emphasis is given on the wealth of chemical information that solid-state and multi-dimensional solution-state NMR can provide, including the sources, formation pathways, seasonal, and regional characterization of atmospheric OAs. Finally, major challenges are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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36
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Zimmermann R. Aerosols and health: a challenge for chemical and biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5863-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Neth K, Lucio M, Walker A, Kanawati B, Zorn J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Michalke B. Diverse Serum Manganese Species Affect Brain Metabolites Depending on Exposure Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1434-42. [PMID: 26024413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to increased concentrations of manganese (Mn) can lead to an accumulation of this element in the brain. The consequence is an irreversible damage of dopaminergic neurons leading to a disease called manganism with a clinical presentation similar to the one observed in Parkinson's disease. Human as well as animal studies indicate that Mn is mainly bound to low molecular mass (LMM) compounds such as Mn-citrate when crossing neural barriers. The shift toward LMM compounds might already take place in serum due to elevated Mn concentrations in the body. In this study, we investigated Mn-species pattern in serum in two different animal models by size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). A subchronic feeding of rats with elevated levels of Mn led to an increase in LMM compounds, mainly Mn-citrate and Mn bound to amino acids. In addition, a single i.v. injection of Mn showed an increase in Mn-transferrin and Mn bound to amino acids 1 h after injection, while species values were more or less rebalanced 4 days after the injection. Results from Mn-speciation were correlated to the brain metabolome determined by means of electrospray ionization ion cyclotron resonance Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-ICR/FT-MS). The powerful combination of Mn-speciation in serum with metabolomics of the brain underlined the need for Mn-speciation in exposure scenarios instead of the determination of whole Mn concentrations in blood. The progress of Mn-induced neuronal injury might therefore be assessed on the basis of known serum Mn-species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- §Technische Universität München, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Alte Akademie 10, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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38
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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39
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Mellouki A, Wallington TJ, Chen J. Atmospheric chemistry of oxygenated volatile organic compounds: impacts on air quality and climate. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3984-4014. [PMID: 25828273 DOI: 10.1021/cr500549n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mellouki
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - T J Wallington
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - J Chen
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
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40
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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41
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Yakimov MM, La Cono V, Spada GL, Bortoluzzi G, Messina E, Smedile F, Arcadi E, Borghini M, Ferrer M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Cray JA, Hallsworth JE, Golyshin PN, Giuliano L. Microbial community of the deep-sea brine LakeKryosseawater-brine interface is active below the chaotropicity limit of life as revealed by recovery of mRNA. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:364-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Violetta La Cono
- CNR; Institute for Coastal Marine Environment; Messina 98122 Italy
| | - Gina L. Spada
- CNR; Institute for Coastal Marine Environment; Messina 98122 Italy
| | | | - Enzo Messina
- CNR; Institute for Coastal Marine Environment; Messina 98122 Italy
| | | | - Erika Arcadi
- CNR; Institute for Coastal Marine Environment; Messina 98122 Italy
| | | | | | - Phillippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Cray
- Institute for Global Food Security; School of Biological Sciences; MBC; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security; School of Biological Sciences; MBC; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast BT9 7BL Northern Ireland
| | - Peter N. Golyshin
- School of Biological Sciences; Bangor University; Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Laura Giuliano
- CNR; Institute for Coastal Marine Environment; Messina 98122 Italy
- Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM); MC 98000 Monaco
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42
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Methods for characterization of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:5877-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Cortés-Francisco N, Harir M, Lucio M, Ribera G, Martínez-Lladó X, Rovira M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Caixach J. High-field FT-ICR mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to characterize DOM removal through a nanofiltration pilot plant. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 67:154-165. [PMID: 25269107 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were combined to evaluate the molecular changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) through an ultrafiltration-nanofiltration (UF-NF) pilot plant, using two dissimilar NF membranes tested in parallel. The sampling was performed on seven key locations within the pilot plant: pretreated water, UF effluent, UF effluent after addition of reagents, permeate NF 1, permeate NF 2, brine NF 1 and brine NF 2, during two sampling campaigns. The study showed that there is no significant change in the nature of DOM at molecular level, when the water was treated with UF and/or with the addition of sodium metabisulfite and antiscaling agents. However, enormous decrease of DOM concentration was observed when the water was treated on the NF membranes. The NF process preferentially removed compounds with higher oxygen and nitrogen content (more hydrophilic compounds), whereas molecules with longer pure aliphatic chains and less content of oxygen were the ones capable of passing through the membranes. Moreover, slight molecular selectivity between the two NF membranes was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cortés-Francisco
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory / Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Ribera
- Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic; Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Rovira
- Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic; Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | - Philipe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Josep Caixach
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory / Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Romonosky DE, Laskin A, Laskin J, Nizkorodov SA. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Characterization of Aqueous Photochemistry Products of Common Types of Secondary Organic Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2594-606. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian E. Romonosky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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45
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Yassine MM, Harir M, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Structural characterization of organic aerosol using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: aromaticity equivalent approach. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2445-2454. [PMID: 25303473 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A challenge of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) analysis is the understanding of the sources and chemistry of complex organic aerosols, especially the water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) fraction, a key component of atmospheric fine PM (PM(2.5)). The sources of WSOC are not well understood and, thus, the molecular characterization of WSOC is important because it provides insight into aerosol sources and the underlying mechanisms of secondary organic aerosols formation and transformation. METHODS In this study, molecular characterization of WSOC was achieved using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The aromaticity equivalent (X(c)), a new parameter calculated from the assigned molecular formula, is introduced to improve the identification and characterization of aromatic and condensed aromatic compounds in WSOC. Diesel PM (DPM) and atmospheric PM samples were used to study the applicability of the proposed method. RESULTS Threshold values of X(c) ≥2.5000 and X(c) ≥2.7143 are proposed as unambiguous minimum criteria for the presence of aromatics and condensed aromatics, respectively. By using these criteria, 36% of precursors were defined as aromatics and condensed aromatics in the DPM. For comparison, 21% of aromatic and condensed aromatic compounds were defined using the Aromaticity Index (AI) classification. The lower estimates by the AI approach are probably due to the failure to recognize aromatics and condensed aromatics with longer alkyl chains. The estimated aromatic and condensed aromatic fractions in the atmospheric aerosol samples collected in an industrial area affected by biomass burning events were 51.2 and 50.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The advantage of employing this parameter is that X(c) would have a constant value for each proposed core structure regardless of the degree of alkylation, and thus visual representation and structural interpretations of the spectra become advantageous for characterizing and comparing complex samples. In addition, the proposed parameter complements the AI classification and identification of aromatic and condensed aromatic structures in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Yassine
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0H3
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46
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Understanding molecular formula assignment of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data of natural organic matter from a chemical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the functional content of organic aerosols: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:232-249. [PMID: 24861958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge deficit of organic aerosol (OA) composition has been identified as the most important factor limiting our understanding of the atmospheric fate and implications of aerosol. The efforts to chemically characterize OA include the increasing utilization of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Since 1998, the functional composition of different types, sizes and fractions of OA has been studied with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and solid state proton and carbon-13 NMR. This led to the use of functional group ratios to reconcile the most important sources of OA, including secondary organic aerosol and initial source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. Future research efforts may be directed towards the optimization of experimental parameters, detailed NMR experiments and analysis by pattern recognition methods to identify the chemical components, determination of the NMR fingerprints of OA sources and solid state NMR to study the content of OA as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA.
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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Jiang B, Liang Y, Xu C, Zhang J, Hu M, Shi Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient aerosols from Beijing: characterization of low volatile PAHs by positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4716-23. [PMID: 24702199 DOI: 10.1021/es405295p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic fractions derived from aerosol samples were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high temperature simulated distillation (SIMDIS), and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively. It was found that about 27 wt % compounds in aromatic fractions could not be eluted from a GC column and some large molecule PAHs were neglected in GC-MS analysis. APPI FT-ICR MS was proven to be a powerful approach for characterizing the molecular composition of aromatics, especially for the large molecular species. An aromatic sample from Beijing urban aerosol was successfully characterized by APPI FT-ICR MS. Results showed that most abundant aromatic compounds in PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) were highly condensed hydrocarbons with 4-8 aromatic rings and their homologues with very short alkyl chains. Furthermore, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbons were found as the significant components of the aromatic fractions: O1, O2, N1, and S1 class species with 10-28 DBEs (double bond equivalents) and 14-38 carbon numbers were identified by APPI FT-ICR MS. The heteroatom PAHs had similar DBEs and carbon number distribution as regular PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
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Zheng G, He K, Duan F, Cheng Y, Ma Y. Measurement of humic-like substances in aerosols: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:301-14. [PMID: 23830737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-phase humic-like substances (HULIS) have received increasingly attention due to their universal ambient presence, active participation in atmospheric chemistry and important environmental and health effects. In last decade, intensive field works have promoted development of quantification and analysis method, unearthed spatio-temporal variation, and proved evidence for source identification of HULIS. These important developments were summarized in this review to provide a global perspective of HULIS. The diverse operational HULIS definitions were gradually focused onto several versions. Although found globally in Europe, Asia, Australasia and North America, HULIS are far more typical in continental and near-ground aerosols. HULIS concentrations varied from <1 μg/m(3) to >13 μg/m(3), with their carbon fraction making up 9%-72% of water soluble organic carbon. Dominant HULIS source was suggested as secondary processes and biomass burning, with the detailed formation pathways suggested and verified in laboratory works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Cortés-Francisco N, Caixach J. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter through a desalination process by high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9619-27. [PMID: 23879562 DOI: 10.1021/es4000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different water treatments such as ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) on dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still unknown. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform orbitrap mass spectrometry has been used to provide valuable information of marine DOM evolution through a desalination process on a molecular scale. In the present manuscript, the characterization of four real composite water samples from a desalination pilot plant installed in the coast of Barcelona (Spain) has been carried out. The sampling was performed on each point of the pilot plant: raw seawater (RSW), UF effluent, brine RO and permeate RO. The mass spectra of the different samples show several thousand peaks, however for the present screening study, only the mass range m/z 200-500 and the main signals in this mass range (relative intensities ≥1%) have been considered. The analysis of RSW and UF samples reveal that there is little effect on DOM by the UF pilot. However, when the water is treated on the RO an important change on DOM has been observed. The recurring periodical patterns found in RSW and UF are lost in Permeate RO sample. Compounds with more aliphatic character, with higher H/C ratio (H/Cav 1.72) are present in the Permeate and some of them have been tentatively identified as fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cortés-Francisco
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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