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Chen ZL, Chen W, Wang F, Jiang JH, Dong WR. A thiol-selective and acid-stable protein modification strategy using an electron-deficient yne reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7311-7315. [PMID: 39163001 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A protein modification strategy was developed based on a thiol-yne click reaction using an electron-deficient yne reagent. This approach demonstrated exceptional selectivity towards thiols and exhibited rapid kinetics, resulting in conjugates with superior acid stability. The conjugation of IgG with an indole-derived fluorophore was achieved for the imaging of PD-L1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P. R China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Wan-Rong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Chuang ST, Stein JB, Nevins S, Kilic Bektas C, Choi HK, Ko WK, Jang H, Ha J, Lee KB. Enhancing CAR Macrophage Efferocytosis Via Surface Engineered Lipid Nanoparticles Targeting LXR Signaling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308377. [PMID: 38353580 PMCID: PMC11081841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The removal of dying cells, or efferocytosis, is an indispensable part of resolving inflammation. However, the inflammatory microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque frequently affects the biology of both apoptotic cells and resident phagocytes, rendering efferocytosis dysfunctional. To overcome this problem, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage that can target and engulf phagocytosis-resistant apoptotic cells expressing CD47 is developed. In both normal and inflammatory circumstances, CAR macrophages exhibit activity equivalent to antibody blockage. The surface of CAR macrophages is modified with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive therapeutic nanoparticles targeting the liver X receptor pathway to improve their cell effector activities. The combination of CAR and nanoparticle engineering activated lipid efflux pumps enhances cell debris clearance and reduces inflammation. It is further suggested that the undifferentiated CAR-Ms can transmigrate within a mico-fabricated vessel system. It is also shown that our CAR macrophage can act as a chimeric switch receptor (CSR) to withstand the immunosuppressive inflammatory environment. The developed platform has the potential to contribute to the advancement of next-generation cardiovascular disease therapies and further studies include in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar T Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joshua B Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sarah Nevins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Cemile Kilic Bektas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Wan-Kyu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hyunjun Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jihun Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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3
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González LJ, Pousa S, Hojo H, Watanabe S, Higo D, Mallon AR, Takao T. Differentiation of isobaric cross-linked peptides prepared via maleimide chemistry using MALDI-MS and MS/MS. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9660. [PMID: 38124166 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The thiosuccinimide linker is widely used in the synthesis of bioconjugates. However, it is susceptible to hydrolysis and is transformed into its hydrolyzed and/or the isobaric thiazine forms, the latter of which is a fairly common product in a conjugate that contains a cysteinyl peptide. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS) are useful for differentiating these isobaric species. METHODS Four cross-linked peptides with thiosuccinimide linkers were synthesized. Analogs with linkers that were transformed into thiazine and/or the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linkers were then synthesized by incubating the samples at neutral or basic pH. All the cross-linked peptides were purified using RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and differentiated using MALDI-MS, MALDI-MS/MS, and ultraviolet photodissociation. RESULTS A cysteinyl peptide-containing conjugate, the thiosuccinimide form, was largely transformed into the hydrolyzed or thiazine forms after incubation at neutral or basic pH. MALDI-MS allowed the three forms to be differentiated: the thiosuccinimide and its hydrolysis product yielded two constituent peptides after reductive cleavage between the Cys and succinimide moieties; no fragment ions were produced from the thiazine form. In addition, MALDI-MS/MS of the thiosuccinimide form yielded two pairs of complementary fragment ions via 1,4-elimination: Cys-SH and maleimide, and dehydro-alanine and thiosuccinimide, which are different from those produced via reductive cleavage in MALDI-MS. The thiazine form yielded fragment ions resulting from the cleavage of the newly formed amide bond in the linker that resulted from thiazine formation. CONCLUSIONS The thiosuccinimide (but not thiazine) form of the cross-linked peptide yielded individual constituent peptides using MALDI-MS and MALDI-MS/MS, showing specific 1,4-elimination for the thiosuccinimide form and cleavage at the newly formed peptide bond via transcyclization for the thiazine form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Javier González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Satomy Pousa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Laboratory of Protein Organic Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Alina Rodriguez Mallon
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory for Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Yang Q, Chen H, Ou C, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zong G, Wang LX. Evaluation of Two Chemoenzymatic Glycan Remodeling Approaches to Generate Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 37987249 PMCID: PMC10660516 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc-glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugation represents a promising direction for the preparation of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In the present research, we conducted a systemic evaluation of two endoglycosidase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic glycoengineering technologies to prepare glycosite-specific ADCs. In the first two-step approach, the antibody was deglycosylated and then reglycosylated with a modified intact N-glycan oxazoline. In the second one-pot approach, antibodies were deglycosylated and simultaneously glycosylated with a functionalized disaccharide oxazoline. For the comprehensive evaluation, we first optimized and scaled-up the preparation of azido glycan oxazolines. Afterwards, we proved that the one-pot glycan-remodeling approach was efficient for all IgG subclasses. Subsequently, we assembled respective ADCS using two technology routes, with two different linker-payloads combinations, and performed systemic in vitro and in vivo evaluations. All the prepared ADCs achieved high homogeneity and illustrated excellent stability in buffers with minimum aggregates, and exceptional stability in rat serum. All ADCs displayed a potent killing of BT-474 breast cancer cells. Moving to the mouse study, the ADCs prepared from two technology routes displayed potent and similar efficacy in a BT-474 xenograft model, which was comparable to an FDA-approved ADC generated from random conjugation. These ADCs also demonstrated excellent safety and did not cause body weight loss at the tested dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - He Chen
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhihao Zheng
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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5
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Obeng EM, Steer DL, Fulcher AJ, Wagstaff KM. Sortase A transpeptidation produces seamless, unbranched biotinylated nanobodies for multivalent and multifunctional applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2251-2260. [PMID: 37056610 PMCID: PMC10089078 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the biotin-streptavidin interaction for advanced protein engineering is used in many bio-nanotechnology applications. As such, researchers have used diverse techniques involving chemical and enzyme reactions to conjugate biotin to biomolecules of interest for subsequent docking onto streptavidin-associated molecules. Unfortunately, the biotin-streptavidin interaction is susceptible to steric hindrance and conformational malformation, leading to random orientations that ultimately impair the function of the displayed biomolecule. To minimize steric conflicts, we employ sortase A transpeptidation to produce quantitative, seamless, and unbranched nanobody-biotin conjugates for efficient display on streptavidin-associated nanoparticles. We further characterize the protein-nanoparticle complex and demonstrate its usefulness in optical microscopy and multivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) antigen interaction. The approach reported here provides a template for making novel multivalent and multifunctional protein complexes for avidity-inspired technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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6
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Hong Y, Nam SM, Moon A. Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:131-148. [PMID: 36877356 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Su-Min Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea.
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7
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Plank M, Frieß FV, Bitsch CV, Pieschel J, Reitenbach J, Gallei M. Modular Synthesis of Functional Block Copolymers by Thiol–Maleimide “Click” Chemistry for Porous Membrane Formation. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Volker Frieß
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carina Vera Bitsch
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Pieschel
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julija Reitenbach
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Ou L, Gulla K, Biju A, Biner DW, Bylund T, Changela A, Chen SJ, Zheng CY, Cibelli N, Corrigan AR, Duan H, Gonelli CA, Kong WP, Cheng C, O’Dell S, Sarfo EK, Shaddeau A, Wang S, Vinitsky A, Yang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Koup RA, Doria-Rose NA, Gall JG, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Assessment of Crosslinkers between Peptide Antigen and Carrier Protein for Fusion Peptide-Directed Vaccines against HIV-1. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111916. [PMID: 36423012 PMCID: PMC9698951 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugate-vaccine immunogens require three components: a carrier protein, an antigen, and a crosslinker, capable of coupling antigen to carrier protein, while preserving both T-cell responses from carrier protein and B-cell responses from antigen. We previously showed that the N-terminal eight residues of the HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP8) as an antigen could prime for broad cross-clade neutralizing responses, that recombinant heavy chain of tetanus toxin (rTTHC) as a carrier protein provided optimal responses, and that choice of crosslinker could impact both antigenicity and immunogenicity. Here, we delve more deeply into the impact of varying the linker between FP8 and rTTHC. In specific, we assessed the physical properties, the antigenicity, and the immunogenicity of conjugates for crosslinkers ranging in spacer-arm length from 1.5 to 95.2 Å, with varying hydrophobicity and crosslinking-functional groups. Conjugates coupled with different degrees of multimerization and peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry, but all were well recognized by HIV-fusion-peptide-directed antibodies VRC34.01, VRC34.05, PGT151, and ACS202 except for the conjugate with the longest linker (24-PEGylated SMCC; SM(PEG)24), which had lower affinity for ACS202, as did the conjugate with the shortest linker (succinimidyl iodoacetate; SIA), which also had the lowest peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry. Murine immunizations testing seven FP8-rTTHC conjugates elicited fusion-peptide-directed antibody responses, with SIA- and SM(PEG)24-linked conjugates eliciting lower responses than the other five conjugates. After boosting with prefusion-closed envelope trimers from strains BG505 clade A and consensus clade C, trimer-directed antibody-binding responses were lower for the SIA-linked conjugate; elicited neutralizing responses were similar, however, though statistically lower for the SM(PEG)24-linked conjugate, when tested against a strain especially sensitive to fusion-peptide-directed responses. Overall, correlation analyses revealed the immunogenicity of FP8-rTTHC conjugates to be negatively impacted by hydrophilicity and extremes of length or low peptide-carrier stoichiometry, but robust to other linker parameters, with several commonly used crosslinkers yielding statistically indistinguishable serological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Sakpakdeejaroen I, Muanrit P, Panthong S, Ruangnoo S. Alpha-Mangostin-Loaded Transferrin-Conjugated Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: Development and Characterization for Tumor-Targeted Delivery. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:9217268. [PMID: 36081606 PMCID: PMC9448606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9217268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-mangostin, a natural xanthone mainly extracted from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, has been shown to have promising anticancer properties in many types of cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of α-mangostin has been limited so far due to its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability, which limited its biopharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, α-mangostin failed to specifically reach tumors at a therapeutic concentration due and rapid elimination in vivo. We hypothesized that this drawback could be overcome by loading the drug within a delivery system conjugated to transferrin (Tf), whose receptors are overexpressed on many cancer cells and would enhance the specific delivery of α-mangostin to cancer cells, thereby enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. The objectives of this study were therefore to prepare and characterize transferrin-conjugated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHN) entrapping α-mangostin, as well as to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in vitro. We successfully prepared α-mangostin loaded LPHN using a one-step nanoprecipitation method with high drug entrapment efficiency. The conjugation of Tf to the LPHN was achieved by using the thiol-maleimide "click" reaction, leading to an increase in the particle hydrodynamic size of Tf-LPHN compared to that of unconjugated (control) LPHN (Ctrl-LPHN). Both Tf-LPHN and Ctrl-LPHN were bearing negative surface charges. Tf-LPHN and Ctrl-LPHN exhibited a sustained release of α-mangostin at pH 7.4, following an initial burst release, unlike rapid release of drug solution. The entrapment of α-mangostin in the LPHN led to an increase in α-mangostin uptake by cancer cells, and thus improved its antiproliferative activity compared to that observed with the drug solution. In conclusion, α-mangostin entrapped in the Tf-LPHN is therefore a highly promising therapeutic system that should be further optimized as therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intouch Sakpakdeejaroen
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence, Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Muanrit
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence, Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Panthong
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence, Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Srisopa Ruangnoo
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence, Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
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10
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Hansen S, Arafiles JVV, Ochtrop P, Hackenberger CPR. Modular solid-phase synthesis of electrophilic cysteine-selective ethynyl-phosphonamidate peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8388-8391. [PMID: 35792548 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient method to install electrophilic cysteine-selective ethynyl-phosphonamidates on peptides during Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). By performing Staudinger-phosphonite reactions between different solid supported azido-peptides and varying ethynylphosphonites, we obtained ethynyl-phosphonamidate containing peptidic compounds after acidic deprotection, including an electrophilic cell-penetrating peptide that showed high efficiency as an additive for cellular delivery of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hansen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Vincent V Arafiles
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Chemical Biology Department, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Kjærsgaard NL, Hansen RA, Gothelf KV. Preparation of Maleimide-Modified Oligonucleotides from the Corresponding Amines Using N-Methoxycarbonylmaleimide. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1254-1260. [PMID: 35816757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide conjugates constitute a versatile tool for research and bioanalytical purposes. Often, such conjugates are prepared by reaction between a thiol on the protein with a maleimide-modified oligonucleotide. Unlike most other chemical handles the maleimide functionality cannot be introduced directly during the solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, and therefore the standard method to introduce the maleimide functionality is to react an amino-modified DNA with a heterobifunctional linker containing an activated ester and a maleimide. Here, we present an alternative method for preparation of maleimide and monobromomaleimide-modified oligonucleotides from the corresponding amine using N-methoxycarbonylmaleimide and N-methoxycarbonylbromomaleimide, respectively. In this method, no additional linker is attached to the oligonucleotide, as the maleimide functionality is formed directly on the existing amine. The maleimide can thereby be positioned close to the oligonucleotide, providing a high degree of control over the final construct. The reaction occurs in 30-60 min under alkaline conditions. Maleimide-modified oligonucleotides prepared in this manner were conjugated to bovine serum albumin, and the reaction shows comparable reactivity to the corresponding oligonucleotide modified using the 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna L Kjærsgaard
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke A Hansen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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Hwang D, Nilchan N, Park H, Roy RN, Roush WR, Rader C. Sculpting a Uniquely Reactive Cysteine Residue for Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1192-1200. [PMID: 35584359 PMCID: PMC10153793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic antibody 38C2 and its humanized version h38C2 harbor a uniquely reactive lysine at the bottom of a 11 Å deep pocket that permits site-specific conjugation of β-diketone-, β-lactam-, and heteroaryl methylsulfonyl-functionalized small and large molecules. Various dual variable domain formats pair a tumor-targeting antibody with h38C2 to enable precise, fast, and stable assembly of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here, we expand the scope of this ADC assembly strategy by mutating h38C2's reactive lysine to a cysteine. X-ray crystallography of this point mutant, h38C2_K99C, confirmed a deeply buried unpaired cysteine. Probing h38C2_K99C with maleimide, monobromomaleimide, and dibromomaleimide derivatives of a fluorophore revealed highly disparate conjugation efficiencies and stabilities. Dibromomaleimide emerged as a suitable electrophile for the precise, fast, efficient, and stable assembly of ADCs with the h38C2_K99C module. Mass spectrometry indicated the presence of a thio-monobromomaleimide linkage which was further supported by in silico docking studies. Using a dibromomaleimide derivative of the highly potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor monomethyl auristatin F, h38C2_K99C-based ADCs were found to be as potent as h38C2-based ADCs and afford a new assembly route for ADCs with single and dual payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Napon Nilchan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - HaJeung Park
- X-Ray Crystallography Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Raktim N Roy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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13
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Dinesen A, Winther A, Wall A, Märcher A, Palmfeldt J, Chudasama V, Wengel J, Gothelf KV, Baker JR, Howard KA. Albumin Biomolecular Drug Designs Stabilized through Improved Thiol Conjugation and a Modular Locked Nucleic Acid Functionalized Assembly. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:333-342. [PMID: 35129956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Albumin-nucleic acid biomolecular drug designs offer modular multifunctionalization and extended circulatory half-life. However, stability issues associated with conventional DNA nucleotides and maleimide bioconjugation chemistries limit the clinical potential. This work aims to improve the stability of this thiol conjugation and nucleic acid assembly by employing a fast-hydrolyzing monobromomaleimide (MBM) linker and nuclease-resistant nucleotide analogues, respectively. The biomolecular constructs were formed by site-selective conjugation of a 12-mer oligonucleotide to cysteine 34 (Cys34) of recombinant human albumin (rHA), followed by annealing of functionalized complementary strands bearing either a fluorophore or the cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Formation of conjugates and assemblies was confirmed by gel shift analysis and mass spectrometry, followed by investigation of serum stability, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated cellular recycling, and cancer cell killing. The MBM linker afforded rapid conjugation to rHA and remained stable during hydrolysis. The albumin-nucleic acid biomolecular assembly composed of stabilized oligonucleotides exhibited high serum stability and retained FcRn engagement mediating FcRn-mediated cellular recycling. The MMAE-containing assembly exhibited cytotoxicity in the human MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line with an IC50 of 342 nM, triggered by drug release from breakdown of an acid-labile linker. In summary, this work presents rHA-nucleic acid module-based assemblies with improved stability and retained module functionality that further promotes the drug delivery potential of this biomolecular platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Winther
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Archie Wall
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Juen L, Baltus CB, Gély C, Kervarrec T, Feuillâtre O, Desgranges A, Viaud-Massuard MC, Martin C. Therapeutic Potential of MF-TTZ-MMAE, a Site-Specifically Conjugated Antibody-Drug Conjugate, for the Treatment of HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:418-426. [PMID: 35104102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With three clinically approved antibody-drug conjugates targeting HER2, this target is clearly identified to be of interest in oncology. Moreover, the advent of new bioconjugation technologies producing site-specific homogenous conjugates led to the opportunity of developing new medicines linking antibodies and payloads. Here, a new relevant HER2-targeting ADC was obtained by the conjugation of monomethyl auristatin E onto trastuzumab using McSAF Inside bioconjugation technology. The antibody-drug conjugate formed presented an average drug-to-antibody ratio of 4 with a high homogeneity and an excellent stability especially when incubated with human serum albumin or in human plasma. Moreover, it demonstrated a strong efficacy in an HER2 xenograft tumor model in mice, superior to the clinically approved antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine, with a complete tumor regression observed both macroscopically and microscopically demonstrating its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thibault Kervarrec
- Department of Pathology, University of Tours, BIP INRA UMR1282 ISP, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-tours, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- McSAF, 1 rue Claude Thion, 37000 Tours, France.,IMT, GICC EA7501 University of Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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15
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Chang HP, Li Z, Shah DK. Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Whole-Body Disposition of MMAE Containing Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Mice. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1-24. [PMID: 35044590 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitate and mathematically characterize the whole-body pharmacokinetics (PK) of different ADC analytes following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The PK of different ADC analytes (total antibody, total drug, unconjugated drug) was measured following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. The PK of ADC analytes was compared with the whole-body PK of the antibody and drug obtained following administration of these molecules alone. An ADC PBPK model was developed by linking antibody PBPK model with small-molecule PBPK model, where the drug was assumed to deconjugate in DAR-dependent manner. RESULTS Comparison of antibody biodistribution coefficient (ABC) values for total antibody suggests that conjugation of drug did not significantly affect the PK of antibody. Comparison of tissue:plasma AUC ratio (T/P) for the conjugated drug and total antibody suggests that in certain tissues (e.g., spleen) ADC may demonstrate higher deconjugation. It was observed that the tissue distribution profile of the drug can be altered following its conjugation to antibody. For example, MMAE distribution to the liver was found to increase while its distribution to the heart was found to decrease upon conjugation to antibody. MMAE exposure in the tumor was found to increase by ~20-fold following administration as conjugate (i.e., ADC). The PBPK model was able to a priori predict the PK of all three ADC analytes in plasma, tissues, and tumor reasonably well. CONCLUSIONS The ADC PBPK model developed here serves as a platform for translational and clinical investigations of MMAE containing ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ping Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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16
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Su Z, Xiao D, Xie F, Liu L, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhou X, Li S. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in linker chemistry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3889-3907. [PMID: 35024314 PMCID: PMC8727783 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are gradually revolutionizing clinical cancer therapy. The antibody–drug conjugate linker molecule determines both the efficacy and the adverse effects, and so has a major influence on the fate of ADCs. An ideal linker should be stable in the circulatory system and release the cytotoxic payload specifically in the tumor. However, existing linkers often release payloads nonspecifically and inevitably lead to off-target toxicity. This defect is becoming an increasingly important factor that restricts the development of ADCs. The pursuit of ADCs with optimal therapeutic windows has resulted in remarkable progress in the discovery and development of novel linkers. The present review summarizes the advance of the chemical trigger, linker‒antibody attachment and linker‒payload attachment over the last 5 years, and describes the ADMET properties of ADCs. This work also helps clarify future developmental directions for the linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dian Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lianqi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 10 66930603 (Shiyong Fan), +86 10 66930673 (Xinbo Zhou).
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 10 66930603 (Shiyong Fan), +86 10 66930673 (Xinbo Zhou).
| | - Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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17
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Skakuj K, Teplensky MH, Wang S, Dittmar JW, Mirkin CA. Chemically Tuning the Antigen Release Kinetics from Spherical Nucleic Acids Maximizes Immune Stimulation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1838-1846. [PMID: 34841057 PMCID: PMC8614098 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine structure is emerging as an important design factor that offers tunable parameters to enhance the targeted immune response. We report the impact of altering the antigen release rate from spherical nucleic acid (SNA) vaccines-nanoparticles with a liposomal core and surface-anchored adjuvant DNA-on immune stimulation. Peptide antigens were incorporated into SNAs using either a nonreducible linker or one of a series of reduction-triggered traceless linkers that release the native peptide at rates controlled by their substitution pattern. Compared with a nonreducible linkage, the traceless attachment of antigens resulted in lower EC50 of T cell proliferation in vitro and greater dendritic cell (DC) activation and higher T cell killing ability in vivo. Traceless linker fragmentation rates affected the rates of antigen presentation by DCs and were correlated with the in vitro potencies of SNAs. Antigen release was correlated with the ex vivo -log(EC50), and more rapid antigen release resulted in an order of magnitude improvement in the EC50 and earlier and greater antigen presentation over the same time-period. In vivo, increasing the rate of antigen release resulted in higher T cell activation and target killing. These findings provide fundamental insights into and underscore the importance of vaccine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Skakuj
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michelle H. Teplensky
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jasper W. Dittmar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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18
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Archibald SJ, Allott L. The aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34436693 PMCID: PMC8390636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method combines the favourable decay characteristics of fluorine-18 with the convenience and familiarity of metal-based radiochemistry and has been used to parallel gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical developments. As such, the [18F]AlF method is popular and widely implemented in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. In this review, we capture the current status of [18F]AlF-based technology and reflect upon its impact on nuclear medicine, as well as offering our perspective on what the future holds for this unique radiolabelling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
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19
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Sharma SK, Adumeau P, Keinänen O, Sisodiya V, Sarvaiya H, Tchelepi R, Korsen JA, Pourat J, Edwards KJ, Ragupathi A, Hamdy O, Saunders LR, Rudin CM, Poirier JT, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Synthesis and Comparative In Vivo Evaluation of Site-Specifically Labeled Radioimmunoconjugates for DLL3-Targeted ImmunoPET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1255-1262. [PMID: 33835770 PMCID: PMC8295218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is a therapeutic target for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma. In the clinic, DLL3-targeted 89Zr-immunoPET has the potential to aid in the assessment of disease burden and facilitate the selection of patients suitable for therapies that target the antigen. The overwhelming majority of 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugates are synthesized via the random conjugation of desferrioxamine (DFO) to lysine residues within the immunoglobulin. While this approach is admittedly facile, it can produce heterogeneous constructs with suboptimal in vitro and in vivo behavior. In an effort to circumvent these issues, we report the development and preclinical evaluation of site-specifically labeled radioimmunoconjugates for DLL3-targeted immunoPET. To this end, we modified a cysteine-engineered variant of the DLL3-targeting antibody SC16-MB1 with two thiol-reactive variants of DFO: one bearing a maleimide moiety (Mal-DFO) and the other containing a phenyloxadiazolyl methyl sulfone group (PODS-DFO). In an effort to obtain immunoconjugates with a DFO-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 2, we explored both the reduction of the antibody with tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) as well as the use of a combination of glutathione and arginine as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. While exerting control over the DAR of the immunoconjugate proved cumbersome using TCEP, the use of glutathione and arginine enabled the selective reduction of the engineered cysteines and thus the formation of homogeneous immunoconjugates. A head-to-head comparison of the resulting 89Zr-radioimmunoconjugates in mice bearing DLL3-expressing H82 xenografts revealed no significant differences in tumoral uptake and showed comparable radioactivity concentrations in most healthy nontarget organs. However, 89Zr-DFOPODS-DAR2SC16-MB1 produced 30% lower uptake (3.3 ± 0.5 %ID/g) in the kidneys compared to 89Zr-DFOMal-DAR2SC16-MB1 (4.7 ± 0.5 %ID/g). In addition, H82-bearing mice injected with a 89Zr-labeled isotype-control radioimmunoconjugate synthesized using PODS exhibited ∼40% lower radioactivity in the kidneys compared to mice administered its maleimide-based counterpart. Taken together, these results demonstrate the improved in vivo performance of the PODS-based radioimmunoconjugate and suggest that a stable, well-defined DAR2 radiopharmaceutical may be suitable for the clinical immunoPET of DLL3-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Vikram Sisodiya
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hetal Sarvaiya
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert Tchelepi
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joshua A Korsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jacob Pourat
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ashwin Ragupathi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laura R Saunders
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, United States
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20
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Chang CK, Chiu PF, Yang HY, Juang YP, Lai YH, Lin TS, Hsu LC, Yu LCH, Liang PH. Targeting Colorectal Cancer with Conjugates of a Glucose Transporter Inhibitor and 5-Fluorouracil. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4450-4461. [PMID: 33819035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in colorectal cancer cells is associated with 5-fluorouracil (1, 5-FU) resistance and poor clinical outcomes. We designed and synthesized a novel GLUT-targeting drug conjugate, triggered by glutathione in the tumor microenvironment, that releases 5-FU and GLUTs inhibitor (phlorizin (2) and phloretin (3)). Using an orthotopic colorectal cancer mice model, we showed that the conjugate exhibited better antitumor efficacy than 5-FU, with much lower exposure of 5-FU during treatment and without significant side effects. Our study establishes a GLUT-targeting theranostic incorporating a disulfide linker between the targeting module and cytotoxic payload as a potential antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Sheng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) target two different epitopes. These are an up-and-coming class of biologics, with two such therapeutics (emicizumab and blinatumomab) FDA approved and on the market, and many more in clinical trials. While the first reported bsAbs were constructed by chemical methods, this approach has fallen out of favour with the advent of modern genetic engineering techniques and, nowadays, the vast majority of bsAbs are produced by protein engineering. However, in recent years, relying on innovations in the fields of bioconjugation and bioorthogonal click chemistry, new chemical methods have appeared that have the potential to be competitive with protein engineering techniques and, indeed, hold some advantages. These approaches offer modularity, reproducibility and batch-to-batch consistency, as well as the integration of handles, whereby additional cargo molecules can be attached easily, e.g. to generate bispecific antibody-drug conjugates. The linker between the antibodies/antibody fragments can also be easily varied, and new formats (types, defined by structural properties or by construction methodology) can be generated rapidly. These attributes offer the potential to revolutionize the field. Here, we review chemical methods for the generation of bsAbs, showing that the newest examples of these techniques are worthy competitors to the industry-standard expression-based strategies.
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22
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Vatansever EC, Kang J, Tuley A, Ward ES, Liu WR. An optimal "Click" formulation strategy for antibody-drug conjugate synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115808. [PMID: 33071032 PMCID: PMC7736079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile reaction for bioconjugation, Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) has enormous potential in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In order to optimize CuAAC-based ADC synthesis, we characterized kinetically different formulation processes by mimicking ADC synthesis using small molecules and subsequently revealed unique kinetic behaviors of different combinations of alkyne and azide conditions. Our results indicate that under ADC synthesis conditions, for an alkyne-containing drug, its concentration has minimal impact on the reaction rate when an antibody has a non-metal-chelating azide but is proportional to concentration when an antibody contains a metal-chelating azide; however, for an alkyne-containing antibody, the ADC synthesis rate is proportional to the concentration of a drug with a non-metal-chelating azide but displays almost no dependence on drug concentration with a metal-chelating azide. Based on our results, we designed and tested an optimal "click" formulation strategy that allowed rapid and cost-effective synthesis of a new ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol C Vatansever
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alfred Tuley
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 4YD, UK.
| | - Wenshe Ray Liu
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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23
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Dewaele-Le Roi G, Shannon WE, Tan S, Xu Y, Zeglis BM, Price EW. DiPODS: A Reagent for Site-Specific Bioconjugation via the Irreversible Rebridging of Disulfide Linkages. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2789-2806. [PMID: 33210532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions with thiols have long held promise for the site-specific bioconjugation of antibodies and antibody fragments. Yet bifunctional probes bearing monovalent maleimides-long the "gold standard" for thiol-based ligations-are hampered by two intrinsic issues: the in vivo instability of the maleimide-thiol bond and the need to permanently disrupt disulfide linkages in order to facilitate bioconjugation. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and validation of DiPODS, a novel bioconjugation reagent containing a pair of oxadiazolyl methyl sulfone moieties capable of irreversibly forming covalent bonds with two thiolate groups while simultaneously rebridging disulfide linkages. The reagent was synthesized from commercially available starting materials in 8 steps, during which rotamers were encountered and investigated both experimentally and computationally. DiPODS is designed to be modular and can thus be conjugated to any payload through a pendant terminal primary amine (DiPODS-PEG4-NH2). Subsequently, the modification of a HER2-targeting Fab with a fluorescein-conjugated variant of DiPODS (DiPODS-PEG4-FITC) reinforced the site-specificity of the reagent, illustrated its ability to rebridge disulfide linkages, and produced an immunoconjugate with in vitro properties superior to those of an analogous construct created using traditional stochastic bioconjugation techniques. Ultimately, we believe that this work has particularly important implications for the synthesis of immunoconjugates, specifically for ensuring that the attachment of cargoes to immunoglobulins is robust, irreversible, and biologically and structurally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Dewaele-Le Roi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Whitney E Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Sally Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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24
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Arlotta KJ, San BH, Mu HH, Yu SM, Owen SC. Localization of Therapeutic Fab-CHP Conjugates to Sites of Denatured Collagen for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1960-1970. [PMID: 32609496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in synovial joints and protease-induced cartilage degradation. Current biologic treatments for RA can effectively reduce symptoms, primarily by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα; however, continued, indiscriminate overinhibition of inflammatory factors can significantly weaken the host immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and interrupting treatment. We hypothesize that localizing anti-TNFα therapeutics to denatured collagen (dCol) present at arthritic joints, via conjugation with collagen-hybridizing peptides (CHPs), will reduce off-site antigen binding and maintain local immunosuppression. We isolated the antigen-binding fragment of the clinically approved anti-TNFα therapeutic infliximab (iFab) and prepared iFab-CHP conjugates via lysine-based conjugation with an SMCC linker. After successful conjugation, confirmed by LC-MS, the binding affinity of iFab-CHP was characterized by ELISA-like assays, which showed comparable antigen binding relative to infliximab, comparable dCol binding relative to CHP, and the hybrid ability to bind both dCol and TNFα simultaneously. We further demonstrated localization of Fab-CHP to areas of high dCol in vivo and promising therapeutic efficacy, assessed by histological staining (Safranin-O and H&E), in a pilot mouse study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Arlotta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Boi Hoa San
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hong-Hua Mu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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25
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Skidmore L, Sakamuri S, Knudsen NA, Hewet AG, Milutinovic S, Barkho W, Biroc SL, Kirtley J, Marsden R, Storey K, Lopez I, Yu W, Fang SY, Yao S, Gu Y, Tian F. ARX788, a Site-specific Anti-HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Potent and Selective Activity in HER2-low and T-DM1-resistant Breast and Gastric Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1833-1843. [PMID: 32669315 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
First-generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are heterogeneous mixtures that have shown clinical benefit, but generally exhibited safety issues and a narrow therapeutic window due, in part, to off-target toxicity caused by ADC instability. ARX788 is a next-generation, site-specific anti-HER2 ADC that utilizes a unique nonnatural amino acid-enabled conjugation technology and a noncleavable Amberstatin (AS269) drug-linker to generate a homogeneous ADC with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 1.9. ARX788 exhibits high serum stability in mice and a relatively long ADC half-life of 12.5 days. When compared in vitro against T-DM1 across a panel of cancer cell lines, ARX788 showed superior activity in the lower HER2-expressing cell lines and no activity in normal cardiomyocyte cells. Similarly, ARX788 significantly inhibited tumor growth, and generally outperformed T-DM1 in HER2-high and HER2-low expression xenograft models. Breast and gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft studies confirmed strong antitumor activity of ARX788 in HER2-positive and HER2-low expression tumors, as well as in a T-DM1-resistant model. The encouraging preclinical data support the further development of ARX788 for treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, including those who have developed T-DM1 resistance, and patients with HER2-low expression tumors who are currently ineligible to receive HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayne Yu
- Ambrx, Inc, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Yi Gu
- Ambrx, Inc, La Jolla, California
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26
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Dewulf J, Adhikari K, Vangestel C, Wyngaert TVD, Elvas F. Development of Antibody Immuno-PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging of Oncological Disorders-An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1868. [PMID: 32664521 PMCID: PMC7408676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are molecular imaging strategies that typically use radioactively labeled ligands to selectively visualize molecular targets. The nanomolar sensitivity of PET and SPECT combined with the high specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies have shown great potential in oncology imaging. Over the past decades a wide range of radio-isotopes have been developed into immuno-SPECT/PET imaging agents, made possible by novel conjugation strategies (e.g., site-specific labeling, click chemistry) and optimization and development of novel radiochemistry procedures. In addition, new strategies such as pretargeting and the use of antibody fragments have entered the field of immuno-PET/SPECT expanding the range of imaging applications. Non-invasive imaging techniques revealing tumor antigen biodistribution, expression and heterogeneity have the potential to contribute to disease diagnosis, therapy selection, patient stratification and therapy response prediction achieving personalized treatments for each patient and therefore assisting in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dewulf
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karuna Adhikari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
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27
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Richardson MB, Gabriel KN, Garcia JA, Ashby SN, Dyer RP, Kim JK, Lau CJ, Hong J, Le Tourneau RJ, Sen S, Narel DL, Katz BB, Ziller JW, Majumdar S, Collins PG, Weiss GA. Pyrocinchonimides Conjugate to Amine Groups on Proteins via Imide Transfer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1449-1462. [PMID: 32302483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in bioconjugation, the ability to link biomolecules to each other, small molecules, surfaces, and more, can spur the development of advanced materials and therapeutics. We have discovered that pyrocinchonimide, the dimethylated analogue of maleimide, undergoes a surprising transformation with biomolecules. The reaction targets amines and involves an imide transfer, which has not been previously reported for bioconjugation purposes. Despite their similarity to maleimides, pyrocinchonimides do not react with free thiols. Though both lysine residues and the N-termini of proteins can receive the transferred imide, the reaction also exhibits a marked preference for certain amines that cannot solely be ascribed to solvent accessibility. This property is peculiar among amine-targeting reactions and can reduce combinatorial diversity when many available reactive amines are available, such as in the formation of antibody-drug conjugates. Unlike amides, the modification undergoes very slow reversion under high pH conditions. The reaction offers a thermodynamically controlled route to single or multiple modifications of proteins for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kristin N Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph A Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shareen N Ashby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rebekah P Dyer
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joshua K Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Calvin J Lau
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - John Hong
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ryan J Le Tourneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sanjana Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David L Narel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Benjamin B Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Philip G Collins
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gregory A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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28
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Thiol-Reactive PODS-Bearing Bifunctional Chelators for the Development of EGFR-Targeting [ 18F]AlF-Affibody Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071562. [PMID: 32235296 PMCID: PMC7180749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-selective bioconjugation of cysteine-containing peptides and proteins is currently achieved via a maleimide–thiol reaction (Michael addition). When maleimide-functionalized chelators are used and the resulting bioconjugates are subsequently radiolabeled, instability has been observed both during radiosynthesis and post-injection in vivo, reducing radiochemical yield and negatively impacting performance. Recently, a phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone derivative (PODS) was proposed as an alternative to maleimide for the site-selective conjugation and radiolabeling of proteins, demonstrating improved in vitro stability and in vivo performance. Therefore, we have synthesized two novel PODS-bearing bifunctional chelators (NOTA-PODS and NODAGA-PODS) and attached them to the EGFR-targeting affibody molecule ZEGFR:03115. After radiolabeling with the aluminum fluoride complex ([18F]AlF), both conjugates showed good stability in murine serum. When injected in high EGFR-expressing tumor-bearing mice, [18F]AlF-NOTA-PODS-ZEGFR:03115 and [18F]AlF-NODAGA-PODS-ZEGFR:03115 showed similar pharmacokinetics and a specific tumor uptake of 14.1 ± 5.3% and 16.7 ± 4.5% ID/g at 1 h post-injection, respectively. The current results are encouraging for using PODS as an alternative to maleimide-based thiol-selective bioconjugation reactions.
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29
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Kasper M, Gerlach M, Schneider AFL, Groneberg C, Ochtrop P, Boldt S, Schumacher D, Helma J, Leonhardt H, Christmann M, Hackenberger CPR. N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Modified Ethynylphosphonamidates Enable the Synthesis of Configurationally Defined Protein Conjugates. Chembiochem 2020; 21:113-119. [PMID: 31661184 PMCID: PMC7003776 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the application of N-hydroxysuccinimide-modified phosphonamidate building blocks for the incorporation of cysteine-selective ethynylphosphonamidates into lysine residues of proteins, followed by thiol addition with small molecules and proteins, is reported. It is demonstrated that the building blocks significantly lower undesired homo-crosslinking side products that can occur with commonly applied succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) under physiological pH. The previously demonstrated stability of the phosphonamidate moiety additionally solves the problem of premature maleimide hydrolysis, which can hamper the efficiency of subsequent thiol addition. Furthermore, a method to separate the phosphonamidate enantiomers to be able to synthesize protein conjugates in a defined configuration has been developed. Finally, the building blocks are applied to the construction of functional antibody-drug conjugates, analogously to FDA-approved, SMCC-linked Kadcyla, and to the synthesis of a functional antibody-protein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemical Biology DepartmentLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Rössle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II andCenter for Integrated Protein Science MunichLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGroßhadernerstrasse 282152MartinsriedGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Anselm F. L. Schneider
- Chemical Biology DepartmentLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Rössle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Christiane Groneberg
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Chemical Biology DepartmentLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Rössle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Stefanie Boldt
- Department of Biology II andCenter for Integrated Protein Science MunichLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGroßhadernerstrasse 282152MartinsriedGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology DepartmentLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Rössle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- Department of Biology II andCenter for Integrated Protein Science MunichLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGroßhadernerstrasse 282152MartinsriedGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II andCenter for Integrated Protein Science MunichLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGroßhadernerstrasse 282152MartinsriedGermany
- Tubulis GmbHBioSysMButenandtstrasse 181377MunichGermany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II andCenter for Integrated Protein Science MunichLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGroßhadernerstrasse 282152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology DepartmentLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Rössle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
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30
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Forte N, Benni I, Karu K, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Cysteine-to-lysine transfer antibody fragment conjugation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10919-10924. [PMID: 32190247 PMCID: PMC7066670 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of lysine residues with acylating agents has represented a ubiquitous approach to the construction of antibody conjugates, with the resulting amide bonds being robustly stable and clinically validated. However, the conjugates are highly heterogeneous, due to the presence of numerous lysines on the surface of the protein, and greater control of the sites of conjugation are keenly sought. Here we present a novel approach to achieve the targeted modification of lysines distal to an antibody fragment's binding site, using a disulfide bond as a temporary 'hook' to deliver the acylating agent. This cysteine-to-lysine transfer (CLT) methodology offers greatly improved homogeneity of lysine conjugates, whilst retaining the advantages offered by the formation of amide linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Forte
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Irene Benni
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Kersti Karu
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) , Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
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31
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Costoplus JA, Veale KH, Qiu Q, Ponte JF, Lanieri L, Setiady Y, Dong L, Skaletskaya A, Bartle LM, Salomon P, Wu R, Maloney EK, Kovtun YV, Ab O, Lai K, Chari RVJ, Widdison WC. Peptide-Cleavable Self-immolative Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugates Designed To Provide Improved Bystander Killing. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1393-1399. [PMID: 31620224 PMCID: PMC6792174 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
A new type of antibody–drug
conjugate (ADC) has been prepared that contains a sulfur-bearing maytansinoid
attached to an antibody via a highly stable tripeptide linker. Once
internalized by cells, proteases in catabolic vesicles cleave the
peptide of the ADC’s linker causing self-immolation that releases
a thiol-bearing metabolite, which is then S-methylated.
Conjugates were prepared with peptide linkers containing only alanyl
residues, which were all l isomers or had a single d residue in one of the three positions. A d-alanyl residue
in the linker did not significantly impair a conjugate’s cytotoxicity
or bystander killing unless it was directly attached to the immolative
moiety. Increasing the number of methylene units in the maytansinoid
side chain of a conjugate did not typically affect an ADC’s
cytotoxicity to targeted cells but did increase bystander killing
activity. ADCs with the highest in vitro bystander
killing were then evaluated in vivo in mice, where
they displayed improved efficacy compared to previously described
types of maytansinoid conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Costoplus
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Karen H. Veale
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qifeng Qiu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jose F. Ponte
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Leanne Lanieri
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yulius Setiady
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ling Dong
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Anna Skaletskaya
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Laura M. Bartle
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paulin Salomon
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rui Wu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Erin K. Maloney
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yelena V. Kovtun
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Olga Ab
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kate Lai
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ravi V. J. Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Wayne C. Widdison
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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32
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Petit E, Bosch L, Costa AM, Vilarrasa J. (Z)-Oxopropene-1,3-diyl, a Linker for the Conjugation of the Thiol Group of Cysteine with Amino-Derivatized Drugs. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11170-11176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petit
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna M. Costa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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Yoder NC, Bai C, Tavares D, Widdison WC, Whiteman KR, Wilhelm A, Wilhelm SD, McShea MA, Maloney EK, Ab O, Wang L, Jin S, Erickson HK, Keating TA, Lambert JM. A Case Study Comparing Heterogeneous Lysine- and Site-Specific Cysteine-Conjugated Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Illustrates the Benefits of Lysine Conjugation. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3926-3937. [PMID: 31287952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of cancer therapeutics constructed from monoclonal antibodies conjugated with small molecule effectors. First-generation molecules of this class often employed heterogeneous conjugation chemistry, but many site-specifically conjugated ADCs have been described recently. Here, we undertake a systematic comparison of ADCs made with the same antibody and the same macrocyclic maytansinoid effector but conjugated either heterogeneously at lysine residues or site-specifically at cysteine residues. Characterization of these ADCs in vitro reveals generally similar properties, including a similar catabolite profile, a key element in making a meaningful comparison of conjugation chemistries. In a mouse model of cervical cancer, the lysine-conjugated ADC affords greater efficacy on a molar payload basis. Rather than making general conclusions about ADCs conjugated by a particular chemistry, we interpret these results as highlighting the complexity of ADCs and the interplay between payload class, linker chemistry, target antigen, and other variables that determine efficacy in a given setting.
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Kasper M, Stengl A, Ochtrop P, Gerlach M, Stoschek T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Penkert M, Krause E, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine‐Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Tina Stoschek
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstr. 2 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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35
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Kasper MA, Stengl A, Ochtrop P, Gerlach M, Stoschek T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Penkert M, Krause E, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine-Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11631-11636. [PMID: 31250955 PMCID: PMC6851832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Requirements for novel bioconjugation reactions for the synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are exceptionally high, since conjugation selectivity as well as the stability and hydrophobicity of linkers and payloads drastically influence the performance and safety profile of the final product. We report Cys‐selective ethynylphosphonamidates as new reagents for the rapid generation of efficacious ADCs from native non‐engineered monoclonal antibodies through a simple one‐pot reduction and alkylation. Ethynylphosphonamidates can be easily substituted with hydrophilic residues, giving rise to electrophilic labeling reagents with tunable solubility properties. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidate‐linked ADCs have excellent properties for next‐generation antibody therapeutics in terms of serum stability and in vivo antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Ochtrop
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tina Stoschek
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Kasper MA, Glanz M, Oder A, Schmieder P, von Kries JP, Hackenberger CPR. Vinylphosphonites for Staudinger-induced chemoselective peptide cyclization and functionalization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6322-6329. [PMID: 31341586 PMCID: PMC6598645 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce vinylphosphonites for chemoselective Staudinger-phosphonite reactions (SPhR) with azides to form vinylphosphonamidates for the subsequent modification of cysteine residues in peptides and proteins. An electron-rich alkene is turned into an electron-deficient vinylphosphonamidate, thereby inducing electrophilic reactivity for a following thiol addition. We show that by varying the phosphonamidate ester substituent we can fine-tune the reactivity of the thiol addition and even control the functional properties of the final conjugate. Furthermore, we observed a drastic increase in thiol addition efficiency when the SPhR is carried out in the presence of a thiol substrate in a one-pot reaction. Hence, we utilize vinylphosphonites for the chemoselective intramolecular cyclization of peptides carrying an azide-containing amino acid and a cysteine in high yields. Our concept was demonstrated for the stapling of a cell-permeable peptidic inhibitor for protein-protein interaction (PPI) between BCL9 and beta-catenin, which is known to create a transcription factor complex playing a role in embryonic development and cancer origin, and for macrocyclization of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to enhance the cellular uptake of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Kasper
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Glanz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Jens P von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Chemical Biology Department , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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37
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Dekempeneer Y, Bäck T, Aneheim E, Jensen H, Puttemans J, Xavier C, Keyaerts M, Palm S, Albertsson P, Lahoutte T, Caveliers V, Lindegren S, D'Huyvetter M. Labeling of Anti-HER2 Nanobodies with Astatine-211: Optimization and the Effect of Different Coupling Reagents on Their in Vivo Behavior. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3524-3533. [PMID: 31268724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanobodies (Nbs) as vehicles in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) has gained great interest because of their excellent properties. They combine high in vivo affinity and specificity of binding with fast kinetics. This research investigates a novel targeted therapy that combines the α-particle emitter astatine-211 (211At) and the anti-HER2 Nb 2Rs15d to selectively target HER2+ cancer cells. Two distinctive radiochemical methodologies are investigated using three different coupling reagents. The first method uses the coupling reagents, N-succinimidyl 4-(1,2-bis-tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidinomethyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (Boc2-SGMTB) and N-succinimidyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate (m-MeATE), which are both directed to amino groups on the Nb, resulting in random conjugation. The second method aims at obtaining a homogeneous tracer population, via a site-specific conjugation of the N-[2-(maleimido)ethyl]-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide (MSB) reagent onto the carboxyl-terminal cysteine of the Nb. The resulting radioconjugates are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 2Rs15d is labeled with 211At using Boc2-SGMTB, m-MeATE, and MSB. After astatination and purification, the binding specificity of the radioconjugates is validated on HER2+ cells, followed by an in vivo biodistribution assessment in SKOV-3 xenografted mice. α-camera imaging is performed to determine uptake and activity distribution in kidneys/tumors. 2Rs15d astatination resulted in a high radiochemical purity >95% for all radioconjugates. The biodistribution studies of all radioconjugates revealed comparable tumor uptake (higher than 8% ID/g at 1 h). [211At]SAGMB-2Rs15d showed minor uptake in normal tissues. Only in the kidneys, a higher uptake was measured after 1 h, but decreased rapidly after 3 h. Astatinated Nbs consisting of m-MeATE or MSB reagents revealed elevated uptake in lungs and stomach, indicating the presence of released 211At. α-Camera imaging of tumors revealed a homogeneous activity distribution. The radioactivity in the kidneys was initially concentrated in the renal cortex, while after 3 h most radioactivity was measured in the medulla, confirming the fast washout into urine. Changing the reagents for Nb astatination resulted in different in vivo biodistribution profiles, while keeping the targeting moiety identical. Boc2-SGMTB is the preferred reagent for Nb astatination because of its high tumor uptake, its low background signals, and its fast renal excretion. We envision [211At]SAGMB-2Rs15d to be a promising therapeutic agent for TAT and aim toward efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Dekempeneer
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Institute for Nuclear Materials Science , Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN) , Mol 2400 , Belgium
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- The PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF3982 , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Janik Puttemans
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-413 45 , Sweden
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
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38
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Sakpakdeejaroen I, Somani S, Laskar P, Mullin M, Dufès C. Transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin for targeted cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOMEDICINE 2019; 4:54-71. [PMID: 31341642 PMCID: PMC6619241 DOI: 10.1002/jin2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone extracted from the officinal leadwort with anticancer properties, is hampered by its failure to specifically reach tumours at a therapeutic concentration after intravenous administration, without secondary effects on normal tissues. Its use in clinic is further limited by its poor aqueous solubility, its spontaneous sublimation, and its rapid elimination in vivo. We hypothesize that the entrapment of plumbagin within liposomes grafted with transferrin, whose receptors are overexpressed on many cancer cells, could result in a selective delivery to tumours after intravenous administration. The objectives of this study were therefore to prepare and characterize transferrin-targeted liposomes entrapping plumbagin and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The entrapment of plumbagin in transferrin-bearing liposomes led to an increase in plumbagin uptake by cancer cells and improved antiproliferative efficacy and apoptosis activity in B16-F10, A431, and T98G cell lines compared with that observed with the drug solution. In vivo, the intravenous injection of transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin led to tumour suppression for 10% of B16-F10 tumours and tumour regression for a further 10% of the tumours. By contrast, all the tumours treated with plumbagin solution or left untreated were progressive. The animals did not show any signs of toxicity. Transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin are therefore highly promising therapeutic systems that should be further optimized as a therapeutic tool for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intouch Sakpakdeejaroen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Partha Laskar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
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39
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Peptide Conjugates with Small Molecules Designed to Enhance Efficacy and Safety. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101855. [PMID: 31091786 PMCID: PMC6572008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides constitute molecular diversity with unique molecular mechanisms of action that are proven indispensable in the management of many human diseases, but of only a mere fraction relative to more traditional small molecule-based medicines. The integration of these two therapeutic modalities offers the potential to enhance and broaden pharmacology while minimizing dose-dependent toxicology. This review summarizes numerous advances in drug design, synthesis and development that provide direction for next-generation research endeavors in this field. Medicinal studies in this area have largely focused upon the application of peptides to selectively enhance small molecule cytotoxicity to more effectively treat multiple oncologic diseases. To a lesser and steadily emerging extent peptides are being therapeutically employed to complement and diversify the pharmacology of small molecule drugs in diseases other than just cancer. No matter the disease, the purpose of the molecular integration remains constant and it is to achieve superior therapeutic outcomes with diminished adverse effects. We review linker technology and conjugation chemistries that have enabled integrated and targeted pharmacology with controlled release. Finally, we offer our perspective on opportunities and obstacles in the field.
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40
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Li G, Moellering RE. A Concise, Modular Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugation Strategy Based on Disuccinimidyl Ester Activation Chemistry. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1599-1605. [PMID: 30767357 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates has enabled the development of highly sensitive bioassays for specific epitopes in the laboratory and clinic. Most synthetic schemes to generate these hybrid molecules require expensive reagents, significant quantities of input antibody, and multistep purification routes; thus limiting widespread application. Herein a facile and robust conjugation strategy is reported that involves "plug-and-play" antibody conjugation with succinimidyl-functionalized oligonucleotides, which are high yielding and compatible for use directly after buffer exchange. The succinimidyl-linked oligonucleotides are synthesized with 5'-amine-modified oligonucleotides and disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), both of which are inexpensive and commercially available. Direct incubation of the resulting stable succinimidyl- oligonucleotide conjugates with commercial antibodies yields conjugates ready for use after benchtop buffer exchange. It is demonstrated that the resulting oligonucleotide-antibody and oligonucleotide-streptavidin conjugates retain potent and specific binding in activity-dependent proximity ligation imaging, and proximity ligation-mediated qPCR detection of endogenous proteins in native cellular contexts down to picogram levels of whole proteome. This DSS conjugation strategy should be widely applicable in the synthesis of protein-oligonucleotide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Raymond E Moellering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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41
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Kasper MA, Glanz M, Stengl A, Penkert M, Klenk S, Sauer T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Krause E, Cardoso MC, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Cysteine-Selective Phosphonamidate Electrophiles for Modular Protein Bioconjugations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11625-11630. [PMID: 30828930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new technique in protein synthesis that extends the existing repertoire of methods for protein modification: A chemoselective reaction that induces reactivity for a subsequent bioconjugation. An azide-modified building block reacts first with an ethynylphosphonite through a Staudinger-phosphonite reaction (SPhR) to give an ethynylphosphonamidate. The resulting electron-deficient triple bond subsequently undergoes a cysteine-selective reaction with proteins or antibodies. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidates display excellent cysteine-selective reactivity combined with superior stability of the thiol adducts, when compared to classical maleimide linkages. This turns our technique into a versatile and powerful tool for the facile construction of stable functional protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Glanz
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Klenk
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Sauer
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Cristina Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadenerstr. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Kasper M, Glanz M, Stengl A, Penkert M, Klenk S, Sauer T, Schumacher D, Helma J, Krause E, Cardoso MC, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Cysteinselektive phosphonamidatbasierte Elektrophile für modulare Biokonjugationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Glanz
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stengl
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Martin Penkert
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Klenk
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Tom Sauer
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Dominik Schumacher
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
| | - M. Cristina Cardoso
- Department Biologie Technische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstraße 10 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department Biologie II und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadenerstraße 2 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemische Biologie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Straße 10 13125 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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43
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Davydova M, Dewaele Le Roi G, Adumeau P, Zeglis BM. Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30907883 DOI: 10.3791/59063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maleimide-bearing bifunctional probes have been employed for decades for the site-selective modification of thiols in biomolecules, especially antibodies. Yet maleimide-based conjugates display limited stability in vivo because the succinimidyl thioether linkage can undergo a retro-Michael reaction. This, of course, can lead to the release of the radioactive payload or its exchange with thiol-bearing biomolecules in circulation. Both of these processes can produce elevated activity concentrations in healthy organs as well as decreased activity concentrations in target tissues, resulting in reduced imaging contrast and lower therapeutic ratios. In 2018, we reported the creation of a modular, stable, and easily accessible phenyloxadiazolyl methyl sulfone reagent - dubbed 'PODS' - as a platform for thiol-based bioconjugations. We have clearly demonstrated that PODS-based site-selective bioconjugations reproducibly and robustly create homogenous, well-defined, highly immunoreactive, and highly stable radioimmunoconjugates. Furthermore, preclinical experiments in murine models of colorectal cancer have shown that these site-selectively labeled radioimmunoconjugates exhibit far superior in vivo performance compared to radiolabeled antibodies synthesized via maleimide-based conjugations. In this protocol, we will describe the four-step synthesis of PODS, the creation of a bifunctional PODS-bearing variant of the ubiquitous chelator DOTA (PODS-DOTA), and the conjugation of PODS-DOTA to the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davydova
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York
| | - Guillaume Dewaele Le Roi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College;
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44
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Peng G, Pan X, Hu H, Xu Y, Wu C. N-terminal site-specific PEGylation enhances the circulation half-life of Thymosin alpha 1. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Xie K, Song S, Zhou L, Wan J, Qiao Y, Wang M, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S, Wang H. Revival of a potent therapeutic maytansinoid agent using a strategy that combines covalent drug conjugation with sequential nanoparticle assembly. Int J Pharm 2018; 556:159-171. [PMID: 30553007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maytansine and its related analogues are a class of highly potent anti-proliferation agents that have failed to be exploited as clinical drugs for human therapy due to unacceptable systemic toxicity. Here, we delineate a novel strategy that combines rational drug conjugation with subsequent nanoparticle assembly to systemically deliver this highly potent and toxic drug. To demonstrate this concept, we covalently coupled the thiolated maytansine derivative, the DM1 agent, to amphiphilic block co-polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-block-polylactide (PLA), in varying molecular weights to generate two prodrug constructs (i.e., PEG2K-PLA2K-DM1 and PEG2K-PLA4K-DM1) via the maleimide-thiol reaction. The resulting two constructs are amenable to self-assembly in aqueous solutions and are systemically injectable for preclinical studies. In vivo evaluations indicate that PEG-PLA-DM1 conjugate-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) display substantially reduced drug toxicity compared to the free drug forms and NPs that physically encapsulate DM1. Furthermore, following systemic administration, these nanodrugs produced superior therapeutic efficacy over free DM1 in a colon tumor xenograft-bearing mouse model. Therefore, this study provides evidence that the conjugation of toxic drugs to assembling copolymers enables the alleviation of cancer drug toxicity and effective delivery of anticancer drugs. Thus, this DM1-formulated platform represents a new generation of nanotherapeutics that are available for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Yiting Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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46
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Szijj PA, Bahou C, Chudasama V. Minireview: Addressing the retro-Michael instability of maleimide bioconjugates. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:27-34. [PMID: 30553517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation, the modification of biological macromolecules such as proteins, is an up and coming area in the field of chemical biology. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), combining the antigen-selectivity of natural antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of small molecule drugs, are a powerful therapeutic technology. Four such constructs are currently on the market for cancer therapy. However, the conjugation methodology employed in these therapeutics is far from ideal. Herein we provide an overview on methods that attempt to increase the safety and efficacy of ADCs via "self-hydrolysing maleimides" or by improving the stability of maleimide-conjugates by other means. We find that some very promising reagents have been reported, however the mechanism by which each of these reagents acts is not clear, thus limiting rational design for some strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szijj
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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47
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Ramírez-Andersen HS, Behrens C, Buchardt J, Fels JJ, Folkesson CG, Jianhe C, Nørskov-Lauritsen L, Nielsen PF, Reslow M, Rischel C, Su J, Thygesen P, Wiberg C, Zhao X, Wenjuan X, Johansen NL. Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone Analogue by Noncovalent Albumin Binding. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3129-3143. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens Buchardt
- Novo Nordisk A/S Global Research, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Chen Jianhe
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Per F. Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S Global Research, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mats Reslow
- Novo Nordisk A/S Global Research, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Jing Su
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peter Thygesen
- Novo Nordisk A/S Global Research, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xia Wenjuan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
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48
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Dong L, Li C, Locuson C, Chen S, Qian MG. A Two-Step Immunocapture LC/MS/MS Assay for Plasma Stability and Payload Migration Assessment of Cysteine–Maleimide-Based Antibody Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5989-5994. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles Locuson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark G. Qian
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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49
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Adumeau P, Davydova M, Zeglis BM. Thiol-Reactive Bifunctional Chelators for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Radioimmunoconjugates with Improved Stability. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1364-1372. [PMID: 29509393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide-bearing bifunctional chelators have been used extensively for the site-selective bioconjugation and radiolabeling of peptides and proteins. However, bioconjugates obtained using these constructs inevitably suffer from limited stability in vivo, a trait that translates into suboptimal activity concentrations in target tissues and higher uptake levels in healthy, nontarget tissues. To circumvent this issue, phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfones have previously been reported as alternatives to maleimides for thiol-based ligations, but these constructs have scarcely been used in the field of radiochemistry. In this report, we describe the synthesis of two thiol-reactive bifunctional chelators for 89Zr and 177Lu based on a new, easy-to-make phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone reagent, PODS. Radioimmunoconjugates created using these novel bifunctional chelators displayed in vitro stability that was higher than that of their maleimide-derived cousins. More importantly, positron emission tomography imaging in murine models of cancer revealed that a 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugate created using a PODS-bearing bifunctional chelator produced a rate of uptake in nontarget tissues that is significantly lower than that of its analogous maleimide-based counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Maria Davydova
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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50
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Ohri R, Bhakta S, Fourie-O'Donohue A, Dela Cruz-Chuh J, Tsai SP, Cook R, Wei B, Ng C, Wong AW, Bos AB, Farahi F, Bhakta J, Pillow TH, Raab H, Vandlen R, Polakis P, Liu Y, Erickson H, Junutula JR, Kozak KR. High-Throughput Cysteine Scanning To Identify Stable Antibody Conjugation Sites for Maleimide- and Disulfide-Based Linkers. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:473-485. [PMID: 29425028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
THIOMAB antibody technology utilizes cysteine residues engineered onto an antibody to allow for site-specific conjugation. The technology has enabled the exploration of different attachment sites on the antibody in combination with small molecules, peptides, or proteins to yield antibody conjugates with unique properties. As reported previously ( Shen , B. Q. , et al. ( 2012 ) Nat. Biotechnol. 30 , 184 - 189 ; Pillow , T. H. , et al. ( 2017 ) Chem. Sci. 8 , 366 - 370 ), the specific location of the site of conjugation on an antibody can impact the stability of the linkage to the engineered cysteine for both thio-succinimide and disulfide bonds. High stability of the linkage is usually desired to maximize the delivery of the cargo to the intended target. In the current study, cysteines were individually substituted into every position of the anti-HER2 antibody (trastuzumab), and the stabilities of drug conjugations at those sites were evaluated. We screened a total of 648 THIOMAB antibody-drug conjugates, each generated from a trastuzamab prepared by sequentially mutating non-cysteine amino acids in the light and heavy chains to cysteine. Each THIOMAB antibody variant was conjugated to either maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl-monomethyl auristatin E (MC-vc-PAB-MMAE) or pyridyl disulfide monomethyl auristatin E (PDS-MMAE) using a high-throughput, on-bead conjugation and purification method. Greater than 50% of the THIOMAB antibody variants were successfully conjugated to both MMAE derivatives with a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of >0.5 and <50% aggregation. The relative in vitro plasma stabilities for approximately 750 conjugates were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and stable sites were confirmed with affinity-capture LC/MS-based detection methods. Highly stable conjugation sites for the two types of MMAE derivatives were identified on both the heavy and light chains. Although the stabilities of maleimide conjugates were shown to be greater than those of the disulfide conjugates, many sites were identified that were stable for both. Furthermore, in vitro stabilities of selected stable sites translated across different cytotoxic payloads and different target antibodies as well as to in vivo stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Ohri
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ryan Cook
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Binqing Wei
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Athena W Wong
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aaron B Bos
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Farzam Farahi
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiten Bhakta
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Helga Raab
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Polakis
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yichin Liu
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Erickson
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jagath R Junutula
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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