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Eweje F, Walsh ML, Ahmad K, Ibrahim V, Alrefai A, Chen J, Chaikof EL. Protein-based nanoparticles for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122464. [PMID: 38181574 PMCID: PMC10872380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
To realize the full potential of emerging nucleic acid therapies, there is a need for effective delivery agents to transport cargo to cells of interest. Protein materials exhibit several unique properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization via recombinant and chemical modifications, among other features, which establish a promising basis for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery systems. In this review, we highlight progress made in the use of non-viral protein-based nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo, while elaborating on key physicochemical properties that have enabled the use of these materials for nanoparticle formulation and drug delivery. To conclude, we comment on the prospects and unresolved challenges associated with the translation of protein-based nucleic acid delivery systems for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo Eweje
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA, 02115; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michelle L Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Kiran Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vanessa Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Assma Alrefai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Zimmermann CM, Deßloch L, Jürgens DC, Luciani P, Merkel OM. Evaluation of the effects of storage conditions on spray-dried siRNA-LNPs before and after subsequent drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:218-226. [PMID: 37956785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In an ideal world, pharmaceutical drugs would have infinite shelf life, no susceptibility to degradation, chemical reactions or loss of efficacy. In reality, these processes occur, however, making it desirable to extend a drugs' shelf life. Nucleic acid-based drugs are most commonly stored as aqueous suspension where they are vulnerable to microbial growth and degradation processes. Drying procedures, such as lyophilization and spray drying, help to reduce the products' residual moisture while increasing the products' shelf life and stability. The present study was designed to evaluate 90 days of storage of spray-dried siRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) at 4 °C and 25 °C. An updated Onpattro® composition modified with a positively charged helper lipid was used as the LNP carrier system. In an attempt to further reduce the residual moisture of our previously reported formulations, all LNP samples were subjected to a secondary drying step in the spray drying tower for 20 min. The measurement of physicochemical properties of spray-dried and subsequently dried LNPs resulted in sizes of 180 nm, PDI values of 0.1-0.15 and zeta potentials of + 3 mV. Spray drying resulted in residual moisture levels of 3.6-4 % and was reduced by subsequent drying to 2.8-3.1 %. Aerodynamic properties after storage showed discrepancies depending on the storage conditions. MMADs remained at 2.8 µm when stored at 4 °C, whereas an increase to 5 µm at 25 °C was observed. Subsequent drying led to sizes of 3.6-3.8 µm, independent of the storage conditions. Spray-dried LNPs maintained bioactivity resulting in > 95 % protein downregulation and confirming the lack of cytotoxic effects in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Furthermore, the spray-dried and subsequently dried LNPs stored for 3 months at 4 °C and 25 °C achieved up to 50 % gene silencing of the house-keeping gene GAPDH after deposition on the mucus layer of Calu-3 cells. This study confirms the stability of spray-dried and subsequently dried LNPs over at least 90 days at 4 °C and 25 °C emphasizing the potential of dry powder inhalation of RNA-loaded LNPs as a therapy option for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Deßloch
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David C Jürgens
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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3
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Papadakos SP, Arvanitakis K, Stergiou IE, Vallilas C, Sougioultzis S, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Interplay of Extracellular Vesicles and TLR4 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2460. [PMID: 37896221 PMCID: PMC10610499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a significant contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Chronic inflammation, often arising from diverse sources such as viral hepatitis, alcohol misuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), profoundly influences HCC development. Within this context, the interplay of extracellular vesicles (EVs) gains prominence. EVs, encompassing exosomes and microvesicles, mediate cell-to-cell communication and cargo transfer, impacting various biological processes, including inflammation and cancer progression. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key sentinel of the innate immune system, recognizes both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby triggering diverse signaling cascades and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The intricate involvement of the TLR4 signaling pathway in chronic liver disease and HCC pathogenesis is discussed in this study. Moreover, we delve into the therapeutic potential of modulating the TLR4 pathway using EVs as novel therapeutic agents for HCC. This review underscores the multifaceted role of EVs in the context of HCC and proposes innovative avenues for targeted interventions against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Christos Vallilas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Sougioultzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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Korzun T, Moses AS, Diba P, Sattler AL, Olson B, Taratula OR, Pejovic T, Marks DL, Taratula O. Development and Perspectives: Multifunctional Nucleic Acid Nanomedicines for Treatment of Gynecological Cancers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301776. [PMID: 37518857 PMCID: PMC10827528 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Due to delayed presentation, gynecological cancer patients are often referred late in the disease's course, resulting in poor outcomes. A considerable number of patients ultimately succumb to chemotherapy-resistant disease, which reoccurs at advanced stages despite treatment interventions. Although efforts have been devoted to developing therapies that demonstrate reduced resistance to chemotherapy and enhanced toxicity profiles, current clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory due to treatment resistance and unfavorable off-target effects. Consequently, innovative biological and nanotherapeutic approaches are imperative to strengthen and optimize the therapeutic arsenal for gynecological cancers. Advancements in nanotechnology-based therapies for gynecological malignancies offer significant advantages, including reduced toxicity, expanded drug circulation, and optimized therapeutic dosing, ultimately leading to enhanced treatment effectiveness. Recent advances in nucleic acid therapeutics using microRNA, small interfering RNA, and messenger RNA provide novel approaches for cancer therapeutics. Effective single-agent and combinatorial nucleic acid therapeutics for gynecological malignancies have the potential to transform cancer treatment by giving safer, more tailored approaches than conventional therapies. This review highlights current preclinical studies that effectively exploit these approaches for the treatment of gynecological malignant tumors and malignant ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Abraham S Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ariana L Sattler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Brennan Olson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Olena R Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Bawankule AK, Tatode AA, Patil PS, Umekar MJ. Folate-Mediated Paclitaxel Nanodelivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Turk J Pharm Sci 2023; 20:58-67. [PMID: 36864596 PMCID: PMC9986944 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is used as a viable cancer medication in the chemotherapy of breast, ovarian, lung, bladder, neck, head, and esophageal tumors. The focus of this review is to survey various folate-targeting PTX-loaded nanopreparations in both research and clinical applications. There are diverse nanopreparations, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanopreparations, lipid nanopreparations, lipoprotein nanocarriers, and other inorganic nanopreparations for folate-associated PTX tumor targeting. Here, the folate targeting PTX-loaded nanopreparations, which have promising results in the constructive treatment of cancer by reducing toxic side-effects and/or improving effectiveness, was mainly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K Bawankule
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Tatode
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranali S Patil
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Current Update on Nanotechnology-Based Approaches in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:335-349. [PMID: 35585292 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. The drawbacks of conventional therapeutic strategies encourage researchers to look for alternative strategies, including nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is one of the upcoming domains of science that is rechanneled towards targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis. Nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymer micelles, and polymer nanoparticles present distinct surface characteristics in morphology, surface chemistry, and mode of action that help differentiate normal and malignant cells, which paves the way for target-specific drug delivery. Similarly, nanoparticles have been strategically utilized as efficacious vehicles to deliver drugs that alter the epigenetic modifications in epigenetic therapy. Some studies suggest that the use of specialized target-modified nanoparticles in siRNA-based nanotherapy prevents internalization and improves the antitumor activity of siRNA by ensuring unrestrained entry of siRNA into the tumor vasculature and efficient intracellular delivery of siRNA. Moreover, research findings highlight the significance of utilizing nanoparticles as depots for photosensitive drugs in photodynamic therapy. The applicability of nanoparticles is further extended to medical imaging. They serve as contrast agents in combination with conventional imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and fluorescence-based imaging to produce vivid and enhanced images of tumors. Therefore, this review aims to explore and delve deeper into the advent of various nanotechnology-based therapeutic and imaging techniques that provide non-invasive and effective means to tackle ovarian cancers.
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7
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Eljack S, David S, Faggad A, Chourpa I, Allard-Vannier E. Nanoparticles design considerations to co-deliver nucleic acids and anti-cancer drugs for chemoresistance reversal. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100126. [PMID: 36147518 PMCID: PMC9486027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance and hence the consequent treatment failure is considerably challenging in clinical cancer therapeutics. The understanding of the genetic variations in chemoresistance acquisition encouraged the use of gene modulatory approaches to restore anti-cancer drug efficacy. Many smart nanoparticles are designed and optimized to mediate combinational therapy between nucleic acid and anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to define a rational design of such co-loaded nanocarriers with the aim of chemoresistance reversal at various cellular levels to improve the therapeutic outcome of anticancer treatment. Going through the principles of therapeutics loading, physicochemical characteristics tuning, and different nanocarrier modifications, also looking at combination effectiveness on chemosensitivity restoration. Up to now, these emerging nanocarriers are in development status but are expected to introduce outstanding outcomes.
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Zimmermann CM, Baldassi D, Chan K, Adams NBP, Neumann A, Porras-Gonzalez DL, Wei X, Kneidinger N, Stoleriu MG, Burgstaller G, Witzigmann D, Luciani P, Merkel OM. Spray drying siRNA-lipid nanoparticles for dry powder pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2022; 351:137-150. [PMID: 36126785 PMCID: PMC7613708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While all the siRNA drugs on the market target the liver, the lungs offer a variety of currently undruggable targets which could potentially be treated with RNA therapeutics. Hence, local, pulmonary delivery of RNA nanoparticles could finally enable delivery beyond the liver. The administration of RNA drugs via dry powder inhalers offers many advantages related to physical, chemical and microbial stability of RNA and nanosuspensions. The present study was therefore designed to test the feasibility of engineering spray dried lipid nanoparticle (LNP) powders. Spray drying was performed using 5% lactose solution (m/V), and the targets were set to obtain nanoparticle sizes after redispersion of spray-dried powders around 150 nm, a residual moisture level below 5%, and RNA loss below 15% at maintained RNA bioactivity. The LNPs consisted of an ionizable cationic lipid which is a sulfur-containing analog of DLin-MC3-DMA, a helper lipid, cholesterol, and PEG-DMG encapsulating siRNA. Prior to the spray drying, the latter process was simulated with a novel dual emission fluorescence spectroscopy method to preselect the highest possible drying temperature and excipient solution maintaining LNP integrity and stability. Through characterization of physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of the spray dried powders, administration criteria for delivery to the lower respiratory tract were fulfilled. Spray dried LNPs penetrated the lung mucus layer and maintained bioactivity for >90% protein downregulation with a confirmed safety profile in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Additionally, the spray dried LNPs successfully achieved up to 50% gene silencing of the house keeping gene GAPDH in ex vivo human precision-cut lung slices at without increasing cytokine levels. This study verifies the successful spray drying procedure of LNP-siRNA systems maintaining their integrity and mediating strong gene silencing efficiency on mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and ex vivo. The successful spray drying procedure of LNP-siRNA formulations in 5% lactose solution creates a novel siRNA-based therapy option to target respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Domizia Baldassi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nathan B P Adams
- Nanotemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, 81369 Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Neumann
- Nanotemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, 81369 Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Leidy Porras-Gonzalez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu
- Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Pulmonary Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich and Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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New Advances in Biomedical Application of Polymeric Micelles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081700. [PMID: 36015325 PMCID: PMC9416043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, nanomedicine has arisen as an emergent area of medicine, which studies nanometric systems, namely polymeric micelles (PMs), that increase the solubility and the stability of the encapsulated drugs. Furthermore, their application in dermal drug delivery is also relevant. PMs present unique characteristics because of their unique core-shell architecture. They are colloidal dispersions of amphiphilic compounds, which self-assemble in an aqueous medium, giving a structure-type core-shell, with a hydrophobic core (that can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs), and a hydrophilic shell, which works as a stabilizing agent. These features offer PMs adequate steric protection and determine their hydrophilicity, charge, length, and surface density properties. Furthermore, due to their small size, PMs can be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa with the drug, and they transport the drug in the bloodstream until the therapeutic target. Moreover, PMs improve the pharmacokinetic profile of the encapsulated drug, present high load capacity, and are synthesized by a reproducible, easy, and low-cost method. In silico approaches have been explored to improve the physicochemical properties of PMs. Based on this, a computer-aided strategy was developed and validated to enable the delivery of poorly soluble drugs and established critical physicochemical parameters to maximize drug loading, formulation stability, and tumor exposure. Poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)-based PMs display unprecedented high loading concerning water-insoluble drugs and over 60 drugs have been incorporated in POx PMs. Among various stimuli, pH and temperature are the most widely studied for enhanced drug release at the site of action. Researchers are focusing on dual (pH and temperature) responsive PMs for controlled and improved drug release at the site of action. These dual responsive systems are mainly evaluated for cancer therapy as certain malignancies can cause a slight increase in temperature and a decrease in the extracellular pH around the tumor site. This review is a compilation of updated therapeutic applications of PMs, such as PMs that are based on Pluronics®, micelleplexes and Pox-based PMs in several biomedical applications.
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Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R. Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:358-375. [PMID: 35623562 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRs) demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential of these molecules to regulate genetic activity in different cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The RNA-based therapy does not change genetic codes in tumor cells but can silence oncogenes and/or reactivate inhibited tumor suppressor genes. In many cancers, specific miRs were shown to promote or stop tumor progression. Among confirmed and powerful epigenetic regulators of colon carcinogenesis and development of resistance are onco-miRs, which include let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-92, miR-96, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-221, miR-421, miR-451, and others. Moreover, various tumor-suppressor miRs (miR-15b-5b, miR-18a, miR-20b, miR-22, miR-96, miR-139-5p, miR-145, miR-149, miR-197, miR-199b, miR-203, miR-214, miR-218, miR-320, miR-375-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-494, miR-577, miR-874, and others) were found silenced in drug-resistant CRCs. Re-expression of tumor suppressor miR is complicated by the chemical nature of miRs that are not long-lasting compounds and require protection from the enzymatic degradation. Several recent studies explored application of miRs using nanocarrier complexes. This study critically describes the most successfully tested nanoparticle complexes used for intracellular delivery of nuclear acids and miRs, including micelles, liposomes, inorganic and polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and aptamers. Nanocarriers shield incorporated miRs and improve the agent stability in circulation. Attachment of antibodies and/or specific peptide or ligands facilitates cell-targeted miR delivery. Addressing in vivo challenges, a broad spectrum of non-toxic materials has been tested and indicated reliable advantages of lipid-based (lipoplexes) and polymer-based liposomes. Recent cutting-edge developments indicated that lipid-based complexes with multiple cargo, including several miRs, are the most effective approach to eradicate drug-resistant tumors. Focusing on CRC-specific miRs, this review provides a guidance and insights towards the most promising direction to achieve dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using miR-nanocarrier complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekaterina M Grigorevskikh
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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11
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Using GPCRs as Molecular Beacons to Target Ovarian Cancer with Nanomedicines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102362. [PMID: 35625966 PMCID: PMC9140059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for women with ovarian cancer is very poor despite radical cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Although most patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority experience recurrence and ultimately develop chemoresistance, resulting in fatal outcomes. The current administration of cytotoxic compounds is hampered by dose-limiting severe adverse effects. There is an unmet clinical need for targeted drug delivery systems that transport chemotherapeutics selectively to tumor cells while minimizing off-target toxicity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors, and many are overexpressed in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the progress in engineered nanoparticle research for drug delivery for ovarian cancer and discusses the potential use of GPCRs as molecular entry points to deliver anti-cancer compounds into ovarian cancer cells. A newly emerging treatment paradigm could be the personalized design of nanomedicines on a case-by-case basis.
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12
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Damrongrak K, Kloysawat K, Bunsupa S, Sakchasri K, Wongrakpanich A, Taresco V, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Garnett MC, Suksiriworapong J. Delivery of acetogenin-enriched Annona muricata Linn leaf extract by folic acid-conjugated and triphenylphosphonium-conjugated poly(glycerol adipate) nanoparticles to enhance toxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121636. [PMID: 35259439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study demonstrated the fabrication of new poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) nanoparticles decorated with folic acid (FOL-PGA) and triphenylphosphonium (TPP-PGA) and the potential on the delivery of acetogenin-enriched Annona muricata Linn leaf extract to ovarian cancer cells. FOL-PGA and TPP-PGA were successfully synthesized and used to fabricate FOL-decorated nanoparticles (FOL-NPs) and FOL-/TPP- decorated nanoparticles (FOL/TPP-NPs) by blending two polymers at a mass ratio of 1:1. All nanoparticles had small size of around 100 nm, narrow size distribution and high negative surface charge about -30 mV. The stable FOL/TPP-NPs showed highest drug loading of 14.9 ± 1.9% at 1:5 ratio of extract to polymer and reached to 35.8 ± 2.1% at higher ratio. Both nanoparticles released the extract in a biphasic sustained release manner over 5 days. The toxicity of the extract to SKOV3 cells was potentiated by FOL-NPs and FOL/TPP-NPs by 2.0 - 2.6 fold through induction of cell apoptosis. FOL/TPP-NPs showed lower IC50 and higher cellular uptake as compared to FOL-NPs. FOL-NPs exhibited folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. FOL/TPP-NPs provided more advantages than FOL-NPs in terms of stability in physiological fluid, uptake efficiency and targeting ability to mitochondria and showed a promising potential PGA platform for targeted delivery of herbal cytotoxic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Damrongrak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kiattiphant Kloysawat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Krisada Sakchasri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Garnett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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13
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14
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Wang Z, Meng F, Zhong Z. Emerging targeted drug delivery strategies toward ovarian cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113969. [PMID: 34509574 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a high-mortality malignancy in women. The contemporary clinical chemotherapy with classic cytotoxic drugs, targeted molecular inhibitors would mostly fail when ovarian cancer cells become drug-resistant or metastasize through the body or when patients bare no more toleration because of strong adverse effects. The past decade has spotted varying targeted delivery systems including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide/folate/aptamer-drug conjugates, polymer-drug conjugates, ligand-functionalized nanomedicines, and dual-targeted nanomedicines that upgrade ovarian cancer chemo- and molecular therapy effectively in preclinical/clinical settings via endowing therapeutic agents selectivity and bypassing drug resistance as well as lessening systemic toxicity. The targeted delivery approaches further provide means to potentiate emergent treatment modalities such as molecular therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, photodynamic therapy, dual-targeting therapy and combination therapy for ovarian cancer. This review highlights up-to-date development of targeted drug delivery strategies toward advanced, metastatic, relapsed, and drug resistant ovarian cancers.
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15
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Bose CK. siRNA and Ovarian Cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-021-00583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Sun J, Ogunnaike EA, Jiang X, Chen Z. Nanotechnology lights up the antitumor potency by combining chemotherapy with siRNA. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7302-7317. [PMID: 34382987 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based combination anticancer therapy offers novel approaches to overcome the limitations of single-agent administration. The emerging siRNA technology combined with chemotherapy has shown considerable promise in anticancer therapy. There are three main challenges in the fabrication of siRNA/chemotherapeutic drug co-loaded nanovectors: adequate cargo protection, precise targeted delivery, and site-specific cargo release. This review presents a summary of the nanosystems that have recently been developed for co-delivering siRNA and chemotherapeutic drugs. Their combined therapeutic effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Edikan Archibong Ogunnaike
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xing Jiang
- College of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China. and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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17
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Liu Z, Wang S, Tapeinos C, Torrieri G, Känkänen V, El-Sayed N, Python A, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Non-viral nanoparticles for RNA interference: Principles of design and practical guidelines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:576-612. [PMID: 34019958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is an innovative treatment strategy for a myriad of indications. Non-viral synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn extensive attention as vectors for RNAi due to their potential advantages, including improved safety, high delivery efficiency and economic feasibility. However, the complex natural process of RNAi and the susceptible nature of oligonucleotides render the NPs subject to particular design principles and requirements for practical fabrication. Here, we summarize the requirements and obstacles for fabricating non-viral nano-vectors for efficient RNAi. To address the delivery challenges, we discuss practical guidelines for materials selection and NP synthesis in order to maximize RNA encapsulation efficiency and protection against degradation, and to facilitate the cytosolic release of oligonucleotides. The current status of clinical translation of RNAi-based therapies and further perspectives for reducing the potential side effects are also reviewed.
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18
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Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
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19
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Keil TWM, Zimmermann C, Baldassi D, Adams F, Friess W, Mehta A, Merkel OM. Impact of crystalline and amorphous matrices on successful spray drying of siRNA polyplexes for inhalation of nano-in-microparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100073. [PMID: 34337144 PMCID: PMC7611418 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To develop stable and inhalable dry powder formulations with long shelf life, we spray dried polyplexes consisting of siRNA and a polyethylenimine based block copolymer in presence of mannitol or trehalose. We investigated the effect of inlet (T-In) and outlet (T-Out) temperature on the recovery of siRNA as well as adsorption effects within the tubing material. Choosing a low abrasion silicon tubing prevented siRNA loss due to adsorption. Mannitol and trehalose formulations preserved siRNA integrity regardless of excipient concentration and temperature at T-Out below the siRNA melting temperature. Trehalose formulations allowed full siRNA recovery whereas mannitol formulations resulted in spray drying induced losses of ~20 % siRNA and of 50-60 % polymer. Mannitol formulations showed optimal aerodynamic characteristics as confirmed by next generation impaction analysis based upon siRNA content. All spray dried formulations resulted in GFP silencing comparable or better than freshly prepared polyplexes. To test if the observed results could be transferred, formulations of siRNA and transferrin-PEI conjugates were spray dried, characterized and used to transfect primary human T cells ex vivo. Results confirmed successful silencing of the Th2 transcription factor GATA3 in primary CD4+ T cells with spray dried formulations as a potential treatment for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias WM Keil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Domizia Baldassi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Adams
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aditi Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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20
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Zou M, Du Y, Liu R, Zheng Z, Xu J. Nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA for chemoresistant ovarian cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1648. [PMID: 33682310 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. Because success in early screening is limited, and most patients with advanced disease develop resistance to multiple treatment modalities, the overall prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor. Despite the revolutionary role of surgery and chemotherapy in curing ovarian cancer, recurrence remains a major challenge in treatment. Thus, improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is essential for developing more effective treatments. In this review, we analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to chemotherapy resistance. We discuss the clinical benefits and potential challenges of using nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA to treat chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. We aim to elicit collaborative studies on nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA to improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhen Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Wu'an, Wu'an, Hebei, China
| | - Zeliang Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Keil TWM, Merkel OM. Characterization of positively charged polyplexes by tunable resistive pulse sensing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:359-364. [PMID: 33338601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the approval of the first siRNA-based drugs, non-viral siRNA delivery has gained special interest in industry and academia in the last two years. For non-viral delivery, positively charged lipid and polymer formulations play a central role in research and development. However, nanoparticle size characterization, particularly of polydisperse formulations, can be very challenging. Tunable resistive pulse sensing for particle by particle measurements of size, polydispersity, zeta potential and a direct concentration promises better assessment of nanoparticle formulations. However, the current application is not optimized for positively charged particles. A supplier-provided coating solution for difficult-to-measure samples does not allow for successful measurements of positively charged nanoparticles. This article describes a new coating solution based on choline-chloride. Coating is verified by current-voltage (I-V) recordings and ultimately tested on a positively charged nanoparticle formulation comprising of siRNA and PEG-PCL-PEI polymer. This coating allows successful size, polydispersity index (PDI) and concentration measurement by tunable resistive pulse sensing of positively charged PEI-based polyplexes. This article provides the foundation for further characterization of polyplexes as well as other positively charged nanoparticle formulations based on particle by particle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W M Keil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Rahmani Moghadam E, Raei M, Kalantari M, Tavakol S, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Tay FR, Makvandi P. Progress in Natural Compounds/siRNA Co-delivery Employing Nanovehicles for Cancer Therapy. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:669-700. [PMID: 33095554 PMCID: PMC8015217 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy using natural compounds, such as resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, is of importance in cancer therapy because of the outstanding therapeutic activity and multitargeting capability of these compounds. However, poor solubility and bioavailability of natural compounds have limited their efficacy in cancer therapy. To circumvent this hurdle, nanocarriers have been designed to improve the antitumor activity of the aforementioned compounds. Nevertheless, cancer treatment is still a challenge, demanding novel strategies. It is well-known that a combination of natural products and gene therapy is advantageous over monotherapy. Delivery of multiple therapeutic agents/small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a potent gene-editing tool in cancer therapy can maximize the synergistic effects against tumor cells. In the present review, co-delivery of natural compounds/siRNA using nanovehicles are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Orta Mahalle,
Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı,
Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department
of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology &
Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department
of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research
Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kalantari
- Department
of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Azad University, Tehran 19168931813, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics
Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical
Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College
of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa Italy
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535 Tehran, Iran
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23
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Miller EM, Samec TM, Alexander-Bryant AA. Nanoparticle delivery systems to combat drug resistance in ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102309. [PMID: 32992019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of early symptoms and difficulty of accurate diagnosis, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer faced by women. First-line therapy includes a combination of tumor resection surgery and chemotherapy regimen. However, treatment becomes more complex upon recurrence due to development of drug resistance. Drug resistance has been linked to many mechanisms, including efflux transporters, apoptosis dysregulation, autophagy, cancer stem cells, epigenetics, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, developing and choosing effective therapies is exceptionally complex. There is a need for increased specificity and efficacy in therapies for drug-resistant ovarian cancer, and research in targeted nanoparticle delivery systems aims to fulfill this challenge. Although recent research has focused on targeted nanoparticle-based therapies, few of these therapies have been clinically translated. In this review, non-viral nanoparticle delivery systems developed to overcome drug-resistance in ovarian cancer were analyzed, including their structural components, surface modifications, and drug-resistance targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miller
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Timothy M Samec
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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24
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Piotrowski-Daspit AS, Kauffman AC, Bracaglia LG, Saltzman WM. Polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:119-132. [PMID: 32585159 PMCID: PMC7736472 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric vehicles are versatile tools for therapeutic gene delivery. Many polymers-when assembled with nucleic acids into vehicles-can protect the cargo from degradation and clearance in vivo, and facilitate its transport into intracellular compartments. Design options in polymer synthesis yield a comprehensive range of molecules and resulting vehicle formulations. These properties can be manipulated to achieve stronger association with nucleic acid cargo and cells, improved endosomal escape, or sustained delivery depending on the application. Here, we describe current approaches for polymer use and related strategies for gene delivery in preclinical and clinical applications. Polymer vehicles delivering genetic material have already achieved significant therapeutic endpoints in vitro and in animal models. From our perspective, with preclincal assays that better mimic the in vivo environment, improved strategies for target specificity, and scalable techniques for polymer synthesis, the impact of this therapeutic approach will continue to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy C Kauffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Corning Life Sciences, Kennebunk, ME 04043, United States of America
| | - Laura G Bracaglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America.
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25
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Bholakant R, Qian H, Zhang J, Huang X, Huang D, Feijen J, Zhong Y, Chen W. Recent Advances of Polycationic siRNA Vectors for Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2966-2982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raut Bholakant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongliang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jan Feijen
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Science and Technology, TECHMED Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Feldmann DP, Heyza J, Zimmermann CM, Patrick SM, Merkel OM. Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Silencing for Sensitization of Lung Cancer to Cisplatin Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081994. [PMID: 32344513 PMCID: PMC7221615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains a mainstay treatment for the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A key cellular factor that contributes to sensitivity to platinums is the 5'-3' structure-specific endonuclease excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1)/ xeroderma pigmentosum group F (XPF). ERCC1/XPF is critical for the repair of platinum-induced DNA damage and has been the subject of intense research efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors of its nuclease activity for the purpose of enhancing patient response to platinum-based chemotherapy. As an alternative to small molecule inhibitors, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has often been described to be more efficient in interrupting protein-protein interactions. The goal of this study was therefore to determine whether biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer (polyethylenimine-polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PEI-PCL-PEG)) and carrying siRNA targeted to ERCC1 and XPF made by microfluidic assembly are capable of efficient gene silencing and able to sensitize lung cancer cells to cisplatin. First, we show that our PEI-PCL-PEG micelleplexes carrying ERCC1 and XPF siRNA efficiently knocked down ERCC1/XPF protein expression to the same extent as the standard siRNA transfection reagent, Lipofectamine. Second, we show that our siRNA-carrying nanoparticles enhanced platinum sensitivity in a p53 wildtype model of non-small cell lung cancer in vitro. Our results suggest that nanoparticle-mediated targeting of ERCC1/XPF is feasible and could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting ERCC1/XPF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Feldmann
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.P.F.); (J.H.); (S.M.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Joshua Heyza
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.P.F.); (J.H.); (S.M.P.)
| | | | - Steve M. Patrick
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.P.F.); (J.H.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.P.F.); (J.H.); (S.M.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Shi H, van Steenbergen MJ, Lou B, Liu Y, Hennink WE, Kok RJ. Folate decorated polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of the kinase inhibitor dactolisib to cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119305. [PMID: 32278056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in clinical translation of polymeric micelles is retention of the drug in the nanocarrier system upon its systemic administration. Core crosslinking and coupling of the drug to the micellar backbone are common strategies to overcome these issues. In the present study, polymeric micelles were prepared for tumor cell targeting of the kinase inhibitor dactolisib which inhibits both the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). We employed platinum(II)-based linker chemistry to couple dactolisib to the core of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEG-b-PAA) polymeric micelles. The formed dactolisib-PEG-PAA unimers are amphiphilic and self-assemble in an aqueous milieu into core-shell polymeric micelles. Folate was conjugated onto the surface of the micelles to yield folate-decorated polymeric micelles which can target folate receptor over-expressing tumor cells. Fluorescently labeled polymeric micelles were prepared using a lissamine-platinum complex linked in a similar manner as dactolisib. Dactolisib polymeric micelles showed good colloidal stability in water and released the coupled drug in buffers containing chloride or glutathione. Folate decorated micelles were avidly internalized by folate-receptor-positive KB cells and displayed targeted cellular cytotoxicity at 50-75 nM IC50. In conclusion, we have prepared a novel type of folate-receptor targeted polymeric micelles in which platinum(II) linker chemistry modulates drug retention and sustained release of the coupled inhibitor dactolisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mies J van Steenbergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bo Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Kok
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
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Gupta S, Pathak Y, Gupta MK, Vyas SP. Nanoscale drug delivery strategies for therapy of ovarian cancer: conventional vs targeted. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4066-4088. [PMID: 31625408 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1677680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It usually occurs in women older than 50 years, and because 75% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV it is associated with poor diagnosis. Despite the chemosensitivity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the majority of patients is relapsed and eventually dies. In addition to the challenge of early detection, its treatment presents several challenges like the route of administration, resistance to therapy with recurrence and specific targeting of cancer to reduce cytotoxicity and side effects. In ovarian cancer therapy, nanocarriers help overcome problems of poor aqueous solubility of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their delivery to the tumour sites either by passive or active targeting, and thus reducing adverse side effects to the healthy tissues. Moreover, the bioavailability to the tumour site is increased by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. The present review aims to describe the current conventional treatment with special reference to passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) towards specific receptors designed against ovarian cancer to overcome the drawbacks of conventional delivery. Conclusively, targeted nanocarriers would optimise the intra-tumour distribution, followed by drug delivery into the intracellular compartment. These features may contribute to greater therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida , India
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Health , Tampa , FL , USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Manish K Gupta
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Gual Pahari, TERI Gram , Gurugram , India
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour University , Sagar , India
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Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates mRNA stability and translation in nearly all human cells. Small double-stranded RNA molecules can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of specific genes, but their therapeutic use has faced numerous challenges involving safety and potency. However, August 2018 marked a new era for the field, with the US Food and Drug Administration approving patisiran, the first RNAi-based drug. In this Review, we discuss key advances in the design and development of RNAi drugs leading up to this landmark achievement, the state of the current clinical pipeline and prospects for future advances, including novel RNAi pathway agents utilizing mechanisms beyond post-translational RNAi silencing.
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Farran B, Montenegro RC, Kasa P, Pavitra E, Huh YS, Han YK, Kamal MA, Nagaraju GP, Rama Raju GS. Folate-conjugated nanovehicles: Strategies for cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 107:110341. [PMID: 31761235 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer theranostics represents a strategy that aims at combining diagnosis with therapy through the simultaneous imaging and targeted delivery of therapeutics to cancer cells. Recently, the folate receptor alpha has emerged as an attractive theranostic target due to its overexpression in multiple solid tumors and its great functional versatility. In fact, it can be incorporated into folate-conjugated nano-systems for imaging and drug delivery. Hence, it can be used along the line of personalized clinical strategies as both an imaging tool and a delivery method ensuring the selective transport of treatments to tumor cells, thus highlighting its theranostic qualities. In this review, we will explore these theranostic characteristics in detail and assess their clinical potential. We will also discuss the technological advances that have allowed the design of sophisticated folate-based nanocarriers harboring various chemical properties and suited for the transport of various therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Para, Augusto Correa Avenue, 01 Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Prameswari Kasa
- Dr. LV Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad, AP, 500004, India
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Bhargava A, Srivastava RK, Mishra DK, Tiwari RR, Sharma RS, Mishra PK. Dendritic cell engineering for selective targeting of female reproductive tract cancers. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:S50-S63. [PMID: 30964081 PMCID: PMC6469378 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_224_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Female reproductive tract cancers (FRCs) are considered as one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and a foremost cause of death among women. The late-stage diagnosis and limited clinical effectiveness of currently available mainstay therapies, primarily due to the developed drug resistance properties of tumour cells, further increase disease severity. In the past decade, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has shown remarkable success and appeared as a feasible therapeutic alternative to treat several malignancies, including FRCs. Importantly, the clinical efficacy of this therapy is shown to be restricted by the established immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. However, combining nanoengineered approaches can significantly assist DCs to overcome this tumour-induced immune tolerance. The prolonged release of nanoencapsulated tumour antigens helps improve the ability of DC-based therapeutics to selectively target and remove residual tumour cells. Incorporation of surface ligands and co-adjuvants may further aid DC targeting (in vivo) to overcome the issues associated with the short DC lifespan, immunosuppression and imprecise uptake. We herein briefly discuss the necessity and progress of DC-based therapeutics in FRCs. The review also sheds lights on the future challenges to design and develop clinically effective nanoparticles-DC combinations that can induce efficient anti-tumour immune responses and prolong patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management & Studies, Shirpur, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal & Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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32
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Khalifa AM, Elsheikh MA, Khalifa AM, Elnaggar YSR. Current strategies for different paclitaxel-loaded Nano-delivery Systems towards therapeutic applications for ovarian carcinoma: A review article. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:125-137. [PMID: 31476342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the leading causes of death among gynecologic malignancies all over the world. It is characterized by high mortality rate because of the lack of early diagnosis. The first-line chemotherapeutic regimen for late stage epithelial ovarian cancer is paclitaxel in combination to carboplatin. However, in most of cases, relapse occurs within six months despite the initial success of this chemotherapeutic combination. A lot of challenges have been encountered with the conventional delivery of paclitaxel in addition to the occurrence of severe off-target toxicity. One major problem is poor paclitaxel solubility which was improved by addition of Cremophor EL that unfortunately resulted in hypersensitivity side effects. Another obstacle is the multi drug resistance which is the main cause of OC recurrence. Accordingly, incorporation of paclitaxel, solely or in combination to other drugs, in nanocarrier systems has grabbed attention of many researchers to circumvent all these hurdles. The current review is the first article that provides a comprehensive overview on multi-faceted implementations of paclitaxel loaded nanoplatforms to solve delivery obstacles of paclitaxel in management of ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, challenges in physicochemical properties, biological activity and targeted delivery of PTX were depicted with corresponding solutions using nanotechnology. Different categories of nanocarriers employed were collected included lipid, protein, polymeric, solid nanoemulsion and hybrid systems. Future perspectives including imperative research considerations in ovarian cancer therapy were proposed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Khalifa
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Manal A Elsheikh
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Amr M Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Head of International Publication and Nanotechnology Consultation Center INCC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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33
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Keil TWM, Feldmann DP, Costabile G, Zhong Q, da Rocha S, Merkel OM. Characterization of spray dried powders with nucleic acid-containing PEI nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:61-69. [PMID: 31445157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Localized aerosol delivery of gene therapies is a promising treatment of severe pulmonary diseases including lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, COPD and asthma. The administration of drugs by inhalation features multiple benefits including an enhanced patient acceptability and compliance. The application of a spray dried powder formulation has advantages over solutions due to their increased stability and shelf life. Furthermore, optimal sizes of the powder can be obtained by spray drying to allow a deep lung deposition. The present study optimized the parameters involved with spray drying polyplexes formed by polyethylenimine (PEI) and nucleic acids in inert excipients to generate a nano-embedded microparticle (NEM) powder with appropriate aerodynamic diameter. Furthermore, the effects of the excipient matrix used to generate the NEM powder on the biological activity of the nucleic acid and the ability to recover the embedded nanoparticles was investigated. The study showed that bioactivity and nucleic acid integrity was preserved after spray drying, and that polyplexes could be reconstituted from the dry powders made with trehalose but not mannitol as a stabilizer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed trehalose formulations that formed fused, lightly corrugated spherical particles in the range between 1 and 5 µm, while mannitol formulations had smooth surfaces and consisted of more defined particles. After redispersion of the microparticles in water, polyplex dispersions are obtained that are comparable to the initial formulations before spray drying. Cellular uptake and transfection studies conducted in lung adenocarcinoma cells show that redispersed trehalose particles performed similar to or better than polyplexes that were not spray dried. A method for quantifying polymer and nucleic acid loss following spray drying was developed in order to ensure that equal nucleic acid amounts were used in all in vitro experiments. The results confirm that spray dried NEM formulations containing nucleic acids can be prepared with characteristics known to be optimal for inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W M Keil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Feldmann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Sandro da Rocha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Aghamiri S, Mehrjardi KF, Shabani S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Kargar S, Rezaei N. Nanoparticle-siRNA: a potential strategy for ovarian cancer therapy? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2083-2100. [PMID: 31368405 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality throughout the world. Unfortunately, chemotherapy has failed to cure advanced cancers developing multidrug resistance (MDR). Moreover, it has critical side effects because of nonspecific toxicity. Thanks to specific silencing of oncogenes and MDR-associated genes, nano-siRNA drugs can be a great help address the limitations of chemotherapy. Here, we review the current advances in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery strategies such as polymeric- and lipid-based systems, rigid nanoparticles and nanoparticles coupled to specific ligand systems. Nanoparticle-based codelivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA targeting various mechanisms of MDR is a cutting-edge strategy for ovarian cancer therapy, which is completely discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Keyvan Fallah Mehrjardi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Sasan Shabani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Saeed Kargar
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
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The Impact of Nylon-3 Copolymer Composition on the Efficiency of siRNA Delivery to Glioblastoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070986. [PMID: 31288448 PMCID: PMC6669510 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a devastating disease that has attracted enormous attention due to poor prognosis and high recurrence. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) in principle offers a promising therapeutic approach by the downregulation of disease-related genes via RNA interference. For efficient siRNA delivery to target sites, cationic polymers are often used in preclinical studies for the protection of siRNA and complex formation based on electrostatic interactions. In an effort to develop biocompatible and efficient nanocarriers with a translational outlook for optimal gene silencing at reduced toxicity, we synthesized two sets of nylon-3 copolymers with variable cationic content (DM or NM monomer) and hydrophobic subunits (CP monomer) and evaluated their suitability for in vitro siRNA delivery into glioblastoma cells. DM0.4/CP0.6 and NM0.4/CP0.6 polymers with similar subunit ratios were synthesized to compare the effect of different cationic subunits. Additionally, we utilized NM0.2/CP0.8 polymers to evaluate the impact of the different hydrophobic content in the polymer chain. The siRNA condensation ability and polymer–siRNA complex stability was evaluated by unmodified and modified SYBR gold assays, respectively. Further physicochemical characteristics, e.g., particle size and surface charge, were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler anemometry, whereas a relatively new method for polyplex size distribution analysis—tunable resistive pulse sensing—was additionally developed and compared to DLS measurements. Transfection efficiencies, the route of cell internalization, and protein knockdown abilities in glioblastoma cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, cellular tolerability was evaluated by MTT and LDH assays. All the polymers efficiently condensed siRNA at N/P ratios of three, whereas polymers with NM cationic subunits demonstrated smaller particle size and lower polyplex stability. Furthermore, NM0.2/CP0.8 polyplexes with the highest hydrophobic content displayed significantly higher cellular internalization in comparison to more cationic formulations and successful knockdown capabilities. Detailed investigations of the cellular uptake route demonstrated that these polyplexes mainly follow clathrin-mediated endocytotic uptake mechanisms, implying high interaction capacity with cellular membranes. Taken together with conducive toxicity profiles, highly hydrophobic nylon-3 polymers provide an appropriate siRNA delivery agent for the potential treatment of glioblastoma.
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Microfluidic Assembly of siRNA-Loaded Micelleplexes for Tumor Targeting in an Orthotopic Model of Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31099014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9220-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The use of cationic polymers to interact with negatively charged siRNA via charge complexation to form polyelectrolyte complexes has been widely studied ever since the 1998 report on RNA interference. These polyelectrolyte complex formulations aim to overcome the many pitfalls associated with the use of RNA interference as a potential cancer therapy. The triblock copolymer polyethylenimine-polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PEI-PCL-PEG) contains the cation PEI and has been shown to be an efficient carrier capable of complexing with nucleic acids for gene delivery. This copolymer system also allows for targeting moieties to be linked to the micelleplex, thereby exploiting overexpressed receptors (such as the folate receptor) located within tumors. Additionally, we demonstrated recently that microfluidic mixing of PEI-PCL-PEG nanoparticles allows for the rapid, scaled-up production of micelleplexes while maintaining small and uniform particle distributions. The preparation of small and reproducible particles is imperative for clinical translation of nanomedicine and for tumor targeting via systemic administration. Furthermore, to enable tracing of its deposition in vivo after its administration, micelleplexes can be radiolabeled. To assess tumor targeting over time, the noninvasive imaging technique single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offers the ability to examine the same subject at multiple time points and generate biodistribution profiles. Since the biodistribution and tumor targeting of the therapeutic load of micelleplexes is of foremost interest, we recently described an approach to modify siRNA with a DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) chelator. Herein, we explain the details of encapsulating indium-labeled siRNA via microfluidic mixing in PEI-PCL-PEG nanoparticles with a folic acid targeting ligand for assessment of their in vivo tumor targeting in an orthotopic ovarian cancer model.
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Chen X, Mangala LS, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Kong X, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. RNA interference-based therapy and its delivery systems. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:107-124. [PMID: 29243000 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is considered a highly specific approach for gene silencing and holds tremendous potential for treatment of various pathologic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, and cancer. Although gene silencing approaches such as RNAi are widely used in preclinical models, the clinical application of RNAi is challenging primarily because of the difficulty in achieving successful systemic delivery. Effective delivery systems are essential to enable the full therapeutic potential of RNAi. An ideal nanocarrier not only addresses the challenges of delivering naked siRNA/miRNA, including its chemically unstable features, extracellular and intracellular barriers, and innate immune stimulation, but also offers "smart" targeted delivery. Over the past decade, great efforts have been undertaken to develop RNAi delivery systems that overcome these obstacles. This review presents an update on current progress in the therapeutic application of RNAi with a focus on cancer therapy and strategies for optimizing delivery systems, such as lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhui Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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38
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Abriata JP, Turatti RC, Luiz MT, Raspantini GL, Tofani LB, do Amaral RLF, Swiech K, Marcato PD, Marchetti JM. Development, characterization and biological in vitro assays of paclitaxel-loaded PCL polymeric nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:347-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Liang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Shang D, Li R, Liu L, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Lin Q, Feng C, Zhang Y, Liu P, Tu Z, Liu H. Targeting Membrane Receptors of Ovarian Cancer Cells for Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:449-467. [PMID: 30306870 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181010091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide from gynecological malignancies, mainly because there are few early symptoms and the disease is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage. In addition, despite the effectiveness of cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer and the high response rates to chemotherapy, survival has improved little over the last 20 years. The management of patients with ovarian cancer also remains similar despite studies showing striking differences and heterogeneity among different subtypes. It is therefore clear that novel targeted therapeutics are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes for ovarian cancer. To that end, several membrane receptors associated with pivotal cellular processes and often aberrantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells have emerged as potential targets for receptor-mediated therapeutic strategies including specific agents and multifunctional delivery systems based on ligand-receptor binding. This review focuses on the profiles and potentials of such strategies proposed for ovarian cancer treatment and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ruyan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Peishan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chunlai Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yibang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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40
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Jones SK, Douglas K, Shields AF, Merkel OM. Correlating quantitative tumor accumulation and gene knockdown using SPECT/CT and bioluminescence imaging within an orthotopic ovarian cancer model. Biomaterials 2018; 178:183-192. [PMID: 29935386 PMCID: PMC6056733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer, we studied the delivery of siRNA in nanoparticles of tri-block copolymers consisting of hyperbranched polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (hyPEI-g-PCL-b-PEG) with and without a folic acid targeting ligand. A SKOV-3/LUC FRα overexpressing cell line was employed to mimic the clinical manifestations of ovarian cancer. Both targeted and non-targeted micelleplexes were able to effectively deliver siRNA to the primary tumor and its metastases, as measured by gamma scintillation counting and confocal microscopy. Stability of the micelleplexes was demonstrated with a serum albumin binding study. Regarding biodistribution, intravenous (I.V.) administration showed a slight advantage of FRα targeted over non-targeted micelleplex accumulation within the tumor. However, both formulations displayed significant liver uptake. On the other hand, intraperitoneally (I.P.) injected mice showed a modest 6% of the injected dose per gram (ID/g) uptake within the primary and most interestingly also in the metastatic lesions which subsequently resulted in a 62% knockdown of firefly luciferase expression in the tumor after a single injection. While this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper that correlates quantitative tumor accumulation in an orthotopic tumor model with in vivo gene silencing, these data demonstrate that PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol conjugates are a promising option for gene knockdown in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kirk Douglas
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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41
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Hu Q, Luo Y. Recent advances of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:775-782. [PMID: 30170057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic and chronic disease affecting millions of people in the world. The most common route of insulin therapy is the subcutaneous injection due to its low bioavailability and enzymatic degradation. The search for effective and high patient compliance insulin delivery systems has been a major challenge over many decades. The polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for insulin oral administration have recently attracted substantial interests. The present review highlights the recent advances on the development of nanoparticles prepared from polysaccharides, including chitosan, alginate, dextran and glucan, for oral delivery of insulin, overcoming multiple barriers in gastrointestinal tract. The aims of this review are first to summarize the strategies that have been applied in the past 5 years to fabricate polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for insulin oral delivery, and then to provide in-depth understanding on the mechanisms by which such nanoparticles protect insulin against degradation in the digestive tract and provide sustained release to enhance mucus permeation and transepithelial transport of insulin administered via oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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42
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Li W, Li W, Kuang Y, Yang T, Zhu J, Xu Z, Yuan X, Li M, Zhang Z, Yang Y. Toxicity Assessment of PEG-PCCL Nanoparticles and Preliminary Investigation on Its Anti-tumor Effect of Paclitaxel-Loading. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:253. [PMID: 30143890 PMCID: PMC6108981 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of single treatment of conventional chemotherapy drugs is unpleasantly reduced by the physiological barriers of tumors. In this regard, nanoparticles have become attractive for achieving such medical purpose of targeted cancer therapy by delivering anti-tumor agents to the needed area. A novel drug deliverer, poly (ethylene glycol) carboxyl-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCCL), has been reported to be highly hydrophilic and stable, while little is known about its organic toxicity. This study focused on systemic toxicity assessments of PEG-PCCL. The pharmacokinetics of PTX-loaded PEG-PCCL (PEG-PCCL/PTX) and its anti-tumor effect were preliminarily investigated. In the present work, PEG-PCCL was characterized by laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity was investigated by MTT test, LDH leakage assay, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Hemolysis, phlebitis, and organ toxicity tests were performed to demonstrate the biocompatibility and acute biotoxicity. H22 tumor-bearing mice were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the micells of PEG-PCCL/PTX and its anti-tumor effect. The results showed that the size of PEG-PCCL nanospheres was 97 ± 2.6 nm. PEG-PCCL treatment showed little cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility, and did not exhibit organ toxicity. PTX-loading efficiency was 49.98%. The pharmacokinetic study on H22 tumor-bearing mice revealed that PEG-PCCL/PTX has higher stability and slower release than PTX alone. Together, these results suggest that PEG-PCCL nanosphere has little toxicity to organisms and is a potential candidate of biocompatible drug vehicle for hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Burns surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wanyi Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 55000, China
| | - Zilin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- ICU, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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43
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Durymanov M, Reineke J. Non-viral Delivery of Nucleic Acids: Insight Into Mechanisms of Overcoming Intracellular Barriers. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30186185 PMCID: PMC6111240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of genes, including plasmid DNAs, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), using artificial non-viral nanotherapeutics is a promising approach in cancer gene therapy. However, multiple physiological barriers upon systemic administration remain a key challenge in clinical translation of anti-cancer gene therapeutics. Besides extracellular barriers including sequestration of gene delivery nanoparticles from the bloodstream by resident organ-specific macrophages, and their poor extravasation and tissue penetration in tumors, overcoming intracellular barriers is also necessary for successful delivery of nucleic acids. Whereas for RNA delivery the endosomal barrier holds a key importance, transfer of DNA cargo additionally requires translocation into the nucleus. Better understanding of crossing membrane barriers by nucleic acid nanoformulations is essential to the improvement of current non-viral carriers. This review aims to summarize relevant literature on intracellular trafficking of non-viral nanoparticles and determine key factors toward surmounting intracellular barriers. Moreover, recent data allowed us to propose new interpretations of current hypotheses of endosomal escape mechanisms of nucleic acid nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Durymanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Joshua Reineke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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44
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van den Brand D, Mertens V, Massuger LF, Brock R. siRNA in ovarian cancer – Delivery strategies and targets for therapy. J Control Release 2018; 283:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Orellana EA, Tenneti S, Rangasamy L, Lyle LT, Low PS, Kasinski AL. FolamiRs: Ligand-targeted, vehicle-free delivery of microRNAs for the treatment of cancer. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/401/eaam9327. [PMID: 28768807 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Because changes in microRNA expression can promote or maintain disease states, microRNA-based therapeutics are being evaluated extensively. Unfortunately, the therapeutic potential of microRNA replacement is limited by deficient delivery vehicles. In this work, microRNAs are delivered in the absence of a protective vehicle. The method relies on direct attachment of microRNAs to folate (FolamiR), which mediates delivery of the conjugated microRNA into cells that overexpress the folate receptor. We show that the tumor-suppressive FolamiR, FolamiR-34a, is quickly taken up both by triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and by tumors in an autochthonous model of lung cancer and slows their progression. This method delivers microRNAs directly to tumors in vivo without the use of toxic vehicles, representing an advance in the development of nontoxic, cancer-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Orellana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,PULSe Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Srinivasarao Tenneti
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | | | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. .,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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46
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Liu H, Sun Q, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Fan X, Yuan H, Li C, Guo Y, Ning W, Sun Y, Song Y, Yu C. Differential expression of folate receptor 1 in medulloblastoma and the correlation with clinicopathological characters and target therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 8:23048-23060. [PMID: 28416738 PMCID: PMC5410284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Folate receptor 1 (Folr1) was abundantly expressed in some epithelial malignancies. However the expression profile and the role of clinicopathological significance and therapeutic target potential in medulloblastoma still remain elusive. Currently we detected the expression of Folr1 in medulloblastoma and identified the diagnostic application by evaluating the clinical, pathological and neuroimaging values. Then we developed a target therapeutic compound with Folr1, which exhibited promising efficiency in treatment of medulloblastoma. Folr1 expression was up-regulated in medulloblastoma and positively correlated with percentage of Ki-67 and MMP9 labeling, pathological subtypes, serum Folr1 levels and CSF spreading on MRI. The level of serum Folr1 showed rational sensitivity and specificity in predicting histological subgroups. Strong Folr1 expression was recommended as the independent value regarding the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma. Folr1 targeted therapy attenuated the tumor growth and metastasis with down-regulation of MMPs proteins and activation of apoptosis. Immunostaining analysis in the xenograft samples showed the decreased Ki-67 and MMP9 index providing the strong evidences that Folr1 targeted application can suppress the proliferation and invasion. Our findings uncovered in Folr1 a predictive candidate and therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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47
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Chen J, Li X, Sun Y, Hu Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Yin G, Liu H, Xu J, Zhong S. Synthesis of Size-Tunable Hollow Polypyrrole Nanostructures and Their Assembly into Folate-Targeting and pH-Responsive Anticancer Drug-Delivery Agents. Chemistry 2017; 23:17279-17289. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yulong Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
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48
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Aptamer-siRNA Chimeras: Discovery, Progress, and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030045. [PMID: 28792479 PMCID: PMC5618303 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic nucleic acid ligands (aptamers) have emerged as effective delivery tools for many therapeutic oligonucleotide-based drugs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this review, we summarize recent progress in the aptamer selection technology that has made possible the identification of cell-specific, cell-internalizing aptamers for the cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides. In addition, we review the original, proof-of-concept aptamer-siRNA delivery studies and discuss recent advances in aptamer-siRNA conjugate designs for applications ranging from cancer therapy to the development of targeted antivirals. Challenges and prospects of aptamer-targeted siRNA drugs for clinical development are further highlighted.
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49
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Feldmann DP, Xie Y, Jones SK, Yu D, Moszczynska A, Merkel OM. The impact of microfluidic mixing of triblock micelleplexes on in vitro / in vivo gene silencing and intracellular trafficking. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:224001. [PMID: 28488596 PMCID: PMC5539944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6d15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The triblock copolymer polyethylenimine-polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PEI-PCL-PEG) has been shown to spontaneously assemble into nano-sized particulate carriers capable of complexing with nucleic acids for gene delivery. The objective of this study was to investigate micelleplex characteristics, their in vitro and in vivo fate following microfluidic preparation of siRNA nanoparticles compared to the routinely used batch reactor mixing technique. Herein, PEI-PCL-PEG nanoparticles were prepared with batch reactor or microfluidic mixing techniques and characterized by various biochemical assays and in cell culture. Microfluidic nanoparticles showed a reduction of overall particle size as well as a more uniform size distribution when compared to batch reactor pipette mixing. Confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR displayed the subcellular delivery of the microfluidic formulation and confirmed the ability to achieve mRNA knockdown. Intratracheal instillation of microfluidic formulation resulted in a significantly more efficient (p < 0.05) knockdown of GAPDH compared to treatment with the batch reactor formulation. The use of microfluidic mixing techniques yields an overall smaller and more uniform PEG-PCL-PEI nanoparticle that is able to more efficiently deliver siRNA in vivo. This preparation method may prove to be useful when a scaled up production of well-defined polyplexes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Feldmann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
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50
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Jones SK, Sarkar A, Feldmann DP, Hoffmann P, Merkel OM. Revisiting the value of competition assays in folate receptor-mediated drug delivery. Biomaterials 2017; 138:35-45. [PMID: 28551461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have been studied for gene and drug delivery. These nanoparticles can be modified to utilize a targeted delivery approach to selectively deliver their payload to specific cells, while avoiding unwanted delivery to healthy cells. One commonly over-expressed receptor which can be targeted by ligand-conjugated nanoparticles is the folate receptor alpha (FRα). The ability to target FRα remains a promising concept, and therefore, understanding the binding dynamics of the receptor with the ligand of the nanoparticle therapeutic can provide valuable insight. This manuscript focuses on the interaction between self-assembled nanoparticles decorated with a folic acid (FA) ligand and FRα. The nanoparticles consist of micelles formed with a FA conjugated triblock copolymer (PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-FA) which condensed siRNA to form micelleplexes. By combining biological and biophysical approaches, this manuscript explores the binding kinetics and force of the targeted siRNA containing nanoparticles to FRα in comparison with free FA. We demonstrate via flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy that multivalent micelleplexes bind to FRα with a higher binding probability and binding force than monovalent FA. Furthermore, we revisited why competitive inhibition studies of binding of multivalent nanoparticles to their respective receptor are often reported in literature to be inconclusive evidence of effective receptor targeting. In conclusion, the results presented in this paper suggest that multivalent targeted nanoparticles display strong receptor binding that a monovalent ligand may not be able to compete with under in vitro conditions and that high concentrations of competing monovalent ligands can lead to measurement artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University of College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel P Feldmann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University of College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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