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Awasthi BP, Chaudhary P, Lim D, Yadav K, Lee IH, Banskota S, Chaudhary CL, Karmacharya U, Lee J, Im SM, Nam Y, Eun JW, Lee S, Lee JM, Kim ES, Ryou C, Kim TH, Park HD, Kim JA, Nam TG, Jeong BS. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Mucosal Healing Activity of a Trimethylpyridinol Analogue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10601-10621. [PMID: 38896548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by abnormal immune responses, including elevated proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study presents the synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analogues, which exhibit dual inhibition of TNFα- and IL-6-induced inflammation. Analysis using in silico methods, including 3D shape-based target identification, modeling, and docking, identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) as the molecular target for the most effective analogue, 6-26, which exhibits remarkable efficacy in ameliorating inflammation and restoring colonic mucosal integrity. This was further validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay results, which showed direct binding to GPER, and by the results showing that GPER knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of 6-26 on TNFα and IL-6 actions. Notably, 6-26 displayed no cytotoxicity, unlike G1 and G15, a well-known GPER agonist and an antagonist, respectively, which induced necroptosis independently of GPER. These findings suggest that the GPER-selective compound 6-26 holds promise as a therapeutic candidate for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Prasad Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Yadav
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonJu Nam
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Eun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pinto MF, Sirina J, Holliday ND, McWhirter CL. High-throughput kinetics in drug discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100170. [PMID: 38964171 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The importance of a drug's kinetic profile and interplay of structure-kinetic activity with PK/PD has long been appreciated in drug discovery. However, technical challenges have often limited detailed kinetic characterization of compounds to the latter stages of projects. This review highlights the advances that have been made in recent years in techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis to increase the throughput of detailed kinetic and mechanistic characterization, enabling its application earlier in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filipa Pinto
- Artios Pharma Ltd, B940, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, United Kingdom
| | - Julija Sirina
- Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, 21 The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, NG2 1AE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, 21 The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, NG2 1AE, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McWhirter
- Artios Pharma Ltd, B940, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, United Kingdom.
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3
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Zhra M, Qasem RJ, Aldossari F, Saleem R, Aljada A. A Comprehensive Exploration of Caspase Detection Methods: From Classical Approaches to Cutting-Edge Innovations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5460. [PMID: 38791499 PMCID: PMC11121653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of caspases is a crucial event and an indicator of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. These enzymes play a central role in cancer biology and are considered one promising target for current and future advancements in therapeutic interventions. Traditional methods of measuring caspase activity such as antibody-based methods provide fundamental insights into their biological functions, and are considered essential tools in the fields of cell and cancer biology, pharmacology and toxicology, and drug discovery. However, traditional methods, though extensively used, are now recognized as having various shortcomings. In addition, these methods fall short of providing solutions to and matching the needs of the rapid and expansive progress achieved in studying caspases. For these reasons, there has been a continuous improvement in detection methods for caspases and the network of pathways involved in their activation and downstream signaling. Over the past decade, newer methods based on cutting-edge state-of-the-art technologies have been introduced to the biomedical community. These methods enable both the temporal and spatial monitoring of the activity of caspases and their downstream substrates, and with enhanced accuracy and precision. These include fluorescent-labeled inhibitors (FLIs) for live imaging, single-cell live imaging, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors, and activatable multifunctional probes for in vivo imaging. Recently, the recruitment of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques in the investigation of these enzymes expanded the repertoire of tools available for the identification and quantification of caspase substrates, cleavage products, and post-translational modifications in addition to unveiling the complex regulatory networks implicated. Collectively, these methods are enabling researchers to unravel much of the complex cellular processes involved in apoptosis, and are helping generate a clearer and comprehensive understanding of caspase-mediated proteolysis during apoptosis. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of various assays and detection methods as they have evolved over the years, so to encourage further exploration of these enzymes, which should have direct implications for the advancement of therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zhra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rani J. Qasem
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Fai Aldossari
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimah Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Vinţeler N, Feurdean CN, Petkes R, Barabas R, Boşca BA, Muntean A, Feștilă D, Ilea A. Biomaterials Functionalized with Inflammasome Inhibitors-Premises and Perspectives. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38391885 PMCID: PMC10889089 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed at searching literature for data regarding the inflammasomes' involvement in the pathogenesis of oral diseases (mainly periodontitis) and general pathologies, including approaches to control inflammasome-related pathogenic mechanisms. The inflammasomes are part of the innate immune response that activates inflammatory caspases by canonical and noncanonical pathways, to control the activity of Gasdermin D. Once an inflammasome is activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, are released. Thus, inflammasomes are involved in inflammatory, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The review also investigated novel therapies based on the use of phytochemicals and pharmaceutical substances for inhibiting inflammasome activity. Pharmaceutical substances can control the inflammasomes by three mechanisms: inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathways (Allopurinol and SS-31), blocking inflammasome components (VX-765, Emricasan and VX-740), and inhibiting cytokines mediated by the inflammasomes (Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Moreover, phytochemicals inhibit the inflammasomes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials functionalized by the adsorption of therapeutic agents onto different nanomaterials could represent future research directions to facilitate multimodal and sequential treatment in oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina Vinţeler
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Regina Petkes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reka Barabas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Adina Boşca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Janin YL. On the origins of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:81-118. [PMID: 38283212 PMCID: PMC10809347 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to address the world-wide health challenge caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 3CL protease/SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) coded by its nsp5 gene became one of the biochemical targets for the design of antiviral drugs. In less than 3 years of research, 4 inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Mpro have actually been authorized for COVID-19 treatment (nirmatrelvir, ensitrelvir, leritrelvir and simnotrelvir) and more such as EDP-235, FB-2001 and STI-1558/Olgotrelvir or five undisclosed compounds (CDI-988, ASC11, ALG-097558, QLS1128 and H-10517) are undergoing clinical trials. This review is an attempt to picture this quite unprecedented medicinal chemistry feat and provide insights on how these cysteine protease inhibitors were discovered. Since many series of covalent SARS-CoV-2-Mpro inhibitors owe some of their origins to previous work on other proteases, we first provided a description of various inhibitors of cysteine-bearing human caspase-1 or cathepsin K, as well as inhibitors of serine proteases such as human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 or the hepatitis C protein complex NS3/4A. This is then followed by a description of the results of the approaches adopted (repurposing, structure-based and high throughput screening) to discover coronavirus main protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (StrInG), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM, CNRS, Alliance Sorbonne Université 75005 Paris France
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Yang J, Ma M, Wang N, Liu L, Zhao C, Li J, Chen Y, Ma P, Song D. Spindle Monitor: A Tool for Real-Time Assessment and Concurrent Treatment of Postoperative Tumor Prognosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17654-17661. [PMID: 37972234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer surgery remains a mainstay in clinical treatment. However, the efficacy of subsequent therapies largely depends on the precise evaluation of postoperative prognoses, underscoring the critical need for a comprehensive and accurate assessment of surgical outcomes. Nanoprobes targeting tumors offer a promising solution for visual prognostic assessment. In this study, we developed a "Spindle Monitor" system, designated as APPADs (Au NBPs@PDA-pep-AS1411-Dox), composed of core-shell nanoparticles. The core was made up of gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), coated with polydopamine (PDA), and subsequently loaded with peptide chains, AS1411, and doxorubicin (Dox). Upon deployment in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), APPADs released substantial amounts of Dox, initiating the apoptotic process. This triggered the activity of caspase-3, which is a crucial executor in the apoptotic pathway. Consequently, DEVD, a specific recognition site for caspase-3, was cleaved, enabling the disconnection of FITC-conjugated peptide chains and the recovery of fluorescence. Through assessing this fluorescence imaging effect, local laser irradiation could be precisely guided to the postoperative site, facilitating a synergistic combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. Specifically, our "Spindle Monitor" APPADs had been validated to achieve accurate fluorescence imaging in vitro and in vivo, which demonstrated its potential value as a versatile tool for evaluating postoperative prognosis in surgical treatments, such as thyroid cancer, and assessing chemotherapy efficacy in difficult cases, like late-stage osteosarcoma. This promising tool lays a good foundation for development in visual prognosis evaluation after tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ningfei Wang
- Intellectual Property Protection Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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Li Z, Liang PZ, Ren TB, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Orderly Self-Assembly of Organic Fluorophores for Sensing and Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305742. [PMID: 37219959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging utilizing traditional organic fluorophores is extensively applied in both cellular and in vivo studies. However, it faces significant obstacles, such as low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and spurious positive/negative signals, primarily due to the facile diffusion of these fluorophores. To cope with this challenge, orderly self-assembled functionalized organic fluorophores have gained significant attention in the past decades. These fluorophores can create nanoaggregates via a well-ordered self-assembly process, thus prolonging their residency time within cells and in vivo settings. The development of self-assembled-based fluorophores is an emerging field, and as such, in this review, we present a summary of the progress and challenges of self-assembly fluorophores, focusing on their development history, self-assembly mechanisms, and biomedical applications. We hope that the insights provided herein will assist scientists in further developing functionalized organic fluorophores for in situ imaging, sensing, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Zhao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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8
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Ma X, Lv Y, Liu P, Hao Y, Xia N. Switch-on Fluorescence Analysis of Protease Activity with the Assistance of a Nickel Ion-Nitrilotriacetic Acid-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083426. [PMID: 37110659 PMCID: PMC10144723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous protease biosensors show high sensitivity and selectivity but usually require the immobilization of peptide substrates on a solid interface. Such methods exhibit the disadvantages of complex immobilization steps and low enzymatic efficiency induced by steric hindrance. In this work, we proposed an immobilization-free strategy for protease detection with high simplicity, sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, a single-labeled peptide with oligohistidine-tag (His-tag) was designed as the protease substrate, which can be captured by a nickel ion-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA)-conjugated magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) through the coordination interaction between His-tag and Ni-NTA. When the peptide was digested by protease in a homogeneous solution, the signal-labeled segment was released from the substrate. The unreacted peptide substrates could be removed by Ni-NTA-MNP, and the released segments remained in solution to emit strong fluorescence. The method was used to determine protease of caspase-3 with a low detection limit (4 pg/mL). By changing the peptide sequence and signal reporters, the proposal could be used to develop novel homogeneous biosensors for the detection of other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yingxin Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
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9
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Sreekumar PG, Su F, Spee C, Araujo E, Nusinowitz S, Reddy ST, Kannan R. Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation Augments Cell Death in LDLR-Deficient RPE Cells and Ldlr-/- Mice. Cells 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 36611838 PMCID: PMC9818299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation from oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The retina is abundant with circulating low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are taken up by LDL receptor (LDLR) in the RPE and Müller cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of LDLR in the NaIO3-induced model of dry AMD. Confluent primary human RPE (hRPE) and LDLR-silenced ARPE-19 cells were stressed with 150 µM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) and caspase 3/7 activation was determined. WT and Ldlr-/- mice were administered NaIO3 (20 mg/kg) intravenously. On day 7, fundus imaging, OCT, ERG, and retinal thickness were measured. Histology, TUNEL, cleaved caspase 3 and lipid accumulation were assessed. Treatment of hRPE with tBH markedly decreased LDLR expression. Caspase 3/7 activation was significantly increased in LDLR-silenced ARPE-19 cells treated with tBH. In Ldlr-/- mice, NaIO3 administration resulted in significant (a) retinal thinning, (b) compromised photoreceptor function, (c) increased percentage of cleaved caspase 3 positive and apoptotic cells, and (d) increased lipid droplet accumulation in the RPE, Bruch membrane, choroid, and sclera, compared to WT mice. Our findings imply that LDLR loss leads to lipid accumulation and impaired retinal function, which may contribute to the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Araujo
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Nusinowitz
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Chen Y. Recent Advances in Excimer-Based Fluorescence Probes for Biological Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238628. [PMID: 36500722 PMCID: PMC9741103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent probe is a powerful tool for biological sensing and optical imaging, which can directly display analytes at the molecular level. It provides not only direct visualization of biological structures and processes, but also the capability of drug delivery systems regarding the target therapy. Conventional fluorescent probes are mainly based on monomer emission which has two distinguishing shortcomings in practice: small Stokes shifts and short lifetimes. Compared with monomer-based emission, excimer-based fluorescent probes have large Stokes shifts and long lifetimes which benefit biological applications. Recent progress in excimer-based fluorescent sensors (organic small molecules only) for biological applications are highlighted in this review, including materials and mechanisms as well as their representative applications. The progress suggests that excimer-based fluorescent probes have advantages and potential for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, TIPC, CAS, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Ćwilichowska N, Świderska KW, Dobrzyń A, Drąg M, Poręba M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101144. [PMID: 36174281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins and peptides; thus, they control virtually all biological processes. Our understanding of protease function has advanced considerably from nonselective digestive enzymes to highly specialized molecular scissors that orchestrate complex signaling networks through a limited proteolysis. The catalytic activity of proteases is tightly regulated at several levels, ranging from gene expression through trafficking and maturation to posttranslational modifications. However, when this delicate balance is disturbed, many diseases develop, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This new understanding of the role of proteases in pathologic physiology indicates that these enzymes represent excellent molecular targets for the development of therapeutic inhibitors, as well as for the design of chemical probes to visualize their redundant activity. Recently, numerous platform technologies have been developed to identify and optimize protease substrates and inhibitors, which were further used as lead structures for the development of chemical probes and therapeutic drugs. Due to this considerable success, the clinical potential of proteases in therapeutics and diagnostics is rapidly growing and is still not completely explored. Therefore, small molecules that can selectively target aberrant protease activity are emerging in diseases cells. In this review, we describe modern trends in the design of protease drugs as well as small molecule activity-based probes to visualize selected proteases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ćwilichowska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina W Świderska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
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12
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Bosc E, Anastasie J, Soualmia F, Coric P, Kim JY, Wang LQ, Lacin G, Zhao K, Patel R, Duplus E, Tixador P, Sproul AA, Brugg B, Reboud-Ravaux M, Troy CM, Shelanski ML, Bouaziz S, Karin M, El Amri C, Jacotot ED. Genuine selective caspase-2 inhibition with new irreversible small peptidomimetics. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:959. [PMID: 36379916 PMCID: PMC9666555 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 (Casp2) is a promising therapeutic target in several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the design of an active-site-directed inhibitor selective to individual caspase family members is challenging because caspases have extremely similar active sites. Here we present new peptidomimetics derived from the VDVAD pentapeptide structure, harboring non-natural modifications at the P2 position and an irreversible warhead. Enzyme kinetics show that these new compounds, such as LJ2 or its specific isomers LJ2a, and LJ3a, strongly and irreversibly inhibit Casp2 with genuine selectivity. In agreement with the established role of Casp2 in cellular stress responses, LJ2 inhibits cell death induced by microtubule destabilization or hydroxamic acid-based deacetylase inhibition. The most potent peptidomimetic, LJ2a, inhibits human Casp2 with a remarkably high inactivation rate (k3/Ki ~5,500,000 M-1 s-1), and the most selective inhibitor, LJ3a, has close to a 1000 times higher inactivation rate on Casp2 as compared to Casp3. Structural analysis of LJ3a shows that the spatial configuration of Cα at the P2 position determines inhibitor efficacy. In transfected human cell lines overexpressing site-1 protease (S1P), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and Casp2, LJ2a and LJ3a fully inhibit Casp2-mediated S1P cleavage and thus SREBP2 activation, suggesting a potential to prevent NASH development. Furthermore, in primary hippocampal neurons treated with β-amyloid oligomers, submicromolar concentrations of LJ2a and of LJ3a prevent synapse loss, indicating a potential for further investigations in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bosc
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Julie Anastasie
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Pascale Coric
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lily Q Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gullen Lacin
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- MicroBrain Biotech S.A.S. 52 Avenue de l'Europe, Marly-Le-Roi, F-78160, France
| | - Kaitao Zhao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Duplus
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Philippe Tixador
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Andrew A Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernard Brugg
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Michelle Reboud-Ravaux
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Carol M Troy
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Shelanski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Etienne D Jacotot
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Krzeszewski M, Modrzycka S, Bousquet MHE, Jacquemin D, Drąg M, Gryko DT. Green-Emitting 4,5-Diaminonaphthalimides in Activity-Based Probes for the Detection of Thrombin. Org Lett 2022; 24:5602-5607. [PMID: 35863755 PMCID: PMC9361357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natures of electron-donating groups as well as the bridge between them determine the fate of substituted 1,8-naphthalimide molecules in the excited state. An activity-based probe constructed from a selective peptide sequence, a reactive warhead, and the brightest green-emitting fluorophore displays impressive performance for thrombin protease detection in a newly constructed series of 1,8-naphthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Sylwia Modrzycka
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrezeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | | | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes University, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrezeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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14
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Wu T, Cao Y, Liu Q, Wu X, Shang Y, Piao J, Li Y, Dong Y, Liu D, Wang H, Liu J, Ding B. Genetically Encoded Double-Stranded DNA-Based Nanostructure Folded by a Covalently Bivalent CRISPR/dCas System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6575-6582. [PMID: 35357193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has been widely employed in the construction of various functional nanostructures. However, most DNA nanostructures rely on hybridization between multiple single-stranded DNAs. Herein, we report a general strategy for the construction of a double-stranded DNA-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) hybrid nanostructure by folding double-stranded DNA with a covalently bivalent clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/nuclease-dead CRISPR-associated protein (dCas) system. In our design, dCas9 and dCas12a can be efficiently fused together through a flexible and stimuli-responsive peptide linker. After activation by guide RNAs, the covalently bivalent dCas9-12a RNPs (staples) can precisely recognize their target sequences in the double-stranded DNA scaffold and pull them together to construct a series of double-stranded DNA-RNP hybrid nanostructures. The genetically encoded hybrid nanostructure can protect genetic information in the folded state, similar to the natural DNA-protein hybrids present in chromosomes, and elicit efficient stimuli-responsive gene transcription in the unfolded form. This rationally developed double-stranded DNA folding and unfolding strategy presents a new avenue for the development of DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yuanwei Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxu Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiafang Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanchen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Ulgheri F, Spanu P, Deligia F, Loriga G, Fuggetta MP, de Haan I, Chandgudge A, Groves M, Domling A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,5-disubstituted α-amino tetrazole derivatives as non-covalent inflammasome-caspase-1 complex inhibitors with potential application against immune and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114002. [PMID: 34823899 PMCID: PMC8598261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds targeting the inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway could be of use for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Previous caspase-1 inhibitors were in great majority covalent inhibitors and failed in clinical trials. Using a mixed modelling, computational screening, synthesis and in vitro testing approach, we identified a novel class of non-covalent caspase-1 non cytotoxic inhibitors which are able to inhibit IL-1β release in activated macrophages in the low μM range, in line with the best activities observed for the known covalent inhibitors. Our compounds could form the basis of further optimization towards potent drugs for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory disorders including also dysregulated inflammation in Covid 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Ulgheri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Pietro Spanu
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Francesco Deligia
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loriga
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso Del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Iris de Haan
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ajay Chandgudge
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Groves
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Domling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
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16
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Roychowdury H, Romero PA. Microfluidic deep mutational scanning of the human executioner caspases reveals differences in structure and regulation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35013287 PMCID: PMC8748541 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human caspase family comprises 12 cysteine proteases that are centrally involved in cell death and inflammation responses. The members of this family have conserved sequences and structures, highly similar enzymatic activities and substrate preferences, and overlapping physiological roles. In this paper, we present a deep mutational scan of the executioner caspases CASP3 and CASP7 to dissect differences in their structure, function, and regulation. Our approach leverages high-throughput microfluidic screening to analyze hundreds of thousands of caspase variants in tightly controlled in vitro reactions. The resulting data provides a large-scale and unbiased view of the impact of amino acid substitutions on the proteolytic activity of CASP3 and CASP7. We use this data to pinpoint key functional differences between CASP3 and CASP7, including a secondary internal cleavage site, CASP7 Q196 that is not present in CASP3. Our results will open avenues for inquiry in caspase function and regulation that could potentially inform the development of future caspase-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip A Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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17
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The roles of cellular protease interactions in viral infections and programmed cell death: a lesson learned from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1149-1165. [PMID: 35997950 PMCID: PMC9395814 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to COVID-19, is threatening global health. Over the last 2 years, we have witnessed rapid progress in research focusing on developing new antiviral vaccines and drugs, as well as in academic and clinical efforts to understand the biology and pathology of COVID-19. The roles of proteases among master regulators of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and replication and their pivotal roles in host defence against this pathogen, including programmed cell death, have not been well established. Our understanding of protease function in health and disease has increased considerably over the last two decades, with caspases, matrix metalloproteases, and transmembrane serine proteases representing the most prominent examples. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these enzymes have been investigated as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. Proteases that are responsible for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, such as TMPRSS2, ACE2 or cathepsins, are screened with inhibitor libraries to discover lead structures for further drug design that would prevent virus multiplication. On the other hand, proteases that orchestrate programmed cell death can also be harnessed to enhance the desired demise of infected cells through apoptosis or to attenuate highly inflammatory lytic cell death that leads to undesired cytokine storms, a major hallmark of severe COVID-19. Given the prominent role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death, we discuss the individual roles of these enzymes and their catalytic interactions in the pathology of COVID-19 in this article. We provide a rationale for targeting proteases participating in cell death as potential COVID-19 treatments and identify knowledge gaps that might be investigated to better understand the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death.
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18
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Dhani S, Zhao Y, Zhivotovsky B. A long way to go: caspase inhibitors in clinical use. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:949. [PMID: 34654807 PMCID: PMC8519909 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are an evolutionary conserved family of cysteine-dependent proteases that are involved in many vital cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory response. Dysregulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis and inflammation has been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Multiple caspase inhibitors have been designed and synthesized as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of cell death-related pathologies. However, only a few have progressed to clinical trials because of the consistent challenges faced amongst the different types of caspase inhibitors used for the treatment of the various pathologies, namely an inadequate efficacy, poor target specificity, or adverse side effects. Importantly, a large proportion of this failure lies in the lack of understanding various caspase functions. To overcome the current challenges, further studies on understanding caspase function in a disease model is a fundamental requirement to effectively develop their inhibitors as a treatment for the different pathologies. Therefore, the present review focuses on the descriptive properties and characteristics of caspase inhibitors known to date, and their therapeutic application in animal and clinical studies. In addition, a brief discussion on the achievements, and current challenges faced, are presented in support to providing more perspectives for further development of successful therapeutic caspase inhibitors for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Dhani
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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19
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Staśkiewicz A, Ledwoń P, Rovero P, Papini AM, Latajka R. Triazole-Modified Peptidomimetics: An Opportunity for Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:674705. [PMID: 34095086 PMCID: PMC8172596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics play a fundamental role in drug design due to their preferential properties regarding natural peptides. In particular, compounds possessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been intensively studied in recent years. The triazolyl moiety incorporation decreases the molecule susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation. In fact, peptides containing triazole rings are a typical example of peptidomimetics. They have all the advantages over classic peptides. Both efficient synthetic methods and biological activity make these systems an interesting and promising object of research. Peptide triazole derivatives display a diversity of biological properties and can be obtained via numerous synthetic strategies. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of the triazole-modified peptidomimetics in the field of drug design. We present an overview on new achievements in triazolyl-containing peptidomimetics synthesis and their biological activity as inhibitors of enzymes or against cancer, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The relevance of above-mentioned compounds was confirmed by their comparison with unmodified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Kasperkiewicz P. Peptidyl Activity-Based Probes for Imaging Serine Proteases. Front Chem 2021; 9:639410. [PMID: 33996745 PMCID: PMC8117214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Products of this breakdown mediate signaling in an enormous number of biological processes. Serine proteases constitute the most numerous group of proteases, accounting for 40%, and they are prevalent in many physiological functions, both normal and disease-related functions, making them one of the most important enzymes in humans. The activity of proteases is controlled at the expression level by posttranslational modifications and/or endogenous inhibitors. The study of serine proteases requires specific reagents not only for detecting their activity but also for their imaging. Such tools include inhibitors or substrate-related chemical molecules that allow the detection of proteolysis and visual observation of active enzymes, thus facilitating the characterization of the activity of proteases in the complex proteome. Peptidyl activity-based probes (ABPs) have been extensively studied recently, and this review describes the basic principles in the design of peptide-based imaging agents for serine proteases, provides examples of activity-based probe applications and critically discusses their strengths, weaknesses, challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Quantitative profiling of protease specificity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008101. [PMID: 33617527 PMCID: PMC7932537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are an important class of enzymes, whose activity is central to many physiologic and pathologic processes. Detailed knowledge of protease specificity is key to understanding their function. Although many methods have been developed to profile specificities of proteases, few have the diversity and quantitative grasp necessary to fully define specificity of a protease, both in terms of substrate numbers and their catalytic efficiencies. We have developed a concept of “selectome”; the set of substrate amino acid sequences that uniquely represent the specificity of a protease. We applied it to two closely related members of the Matrixin family–MMP-2 and MMP-9 by using substrate phage display coupled with Next Generation Sequencing and information theory-based data analysis. We have also derived a quantitative measure of substrate specificity, which accounts for both the number of substrates and their relative catalytic efficiencies. Using these advances greatly facilitates elucidation of substrate selectivity between closely related members of a protease family. The study also provides insight into the degree to which the catalytic cleft defines substrate recognition, thus providing basis for overcoming two of the major challenges in the field of proteolysis: 1) development of highly selective activity probes for studying proteases with overlapping specificities, and 2) distinguishing targeted proteolysis from bystander proteolytic events. Proteases and proteolysis are intimately involved in virtually all biological processes from embryonic development to programmed cell death and cellular protein recycling. As the only irreversible posttranslational modification, proteolysis represents a committed step in regulation of biological networks and pathways. Imbalance of proteolytic activity has catastrophic implications and is the basis of many genetic disorders as well as a multitude of pathological states of varying etiologies. To understand protease function, one must gain insight into the repertoires of substrates targeted by these enzymes. As many proteases recognize a wide variety of sequences in proteins, it is a challenge to establish if a particular cleavage represents a targeted or a bystander proteolytic event. In addition, since many proteases have overlapping specificities, especially among closely related members of the same gene families, it is a challenge to develop highly selective tools for studying or inhibition of these enzymes. In this work, we used two closely related proteases (MMP-2 and 9) as a model system for development of an information theory-based approach to quantification of substrate specificity and demonstrated its potential for distinguishing between the target and bystander proteolytic events as well as for uncovering selectivity between closely related proteases.
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22
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, He S, Zhao R, Song Y, Cheng J, Gong Y, Xie J, Wang Y, Hu B, Tian L, Huang Q. Caspase-3 knockout attenuates radiation-induced tumor repopulation via impairing the ATM/p53/Cox-2/PGE 2 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21758-21776. [PMID: 33180744 PMCID: PMC7695367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, irradiated, dying tumor cells generate potent growth stimulatory signals during radiotherapy that promote the repopulation of adjacent surviving tumor cells to cause tumor recurrence. We investigated the function of caspase-3 in NSCLC repopulation after radiotherapy. We found that radiotherapy induced a DNA damage response (DDR), activated caspase-3, and promoted tumor repopulation in NSCLC cells. Unexpectedly, caspase-3 knockout attenuated the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/p53-initiated DDR by decreasing nuclear migration of endonuclease G (EndoG), thereby reducing the growth-promoting effect of irradiated, dying tumor cells. We also identified p53 as a regulator of the Cox-2/PGE2 axis and its involvement in caspase-3-induced tumor repopulation after radiotherapy. In addition, injection of caspase-3 knockout NSCLC cells impaired tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Our findings reveal that caspase-3 promotes tumor repopulation in NSCLC cells by activating DDR and the downstream Cox-2/PGE2 axis. Thus, caspase-3-induced ATM/p53/Cox-2/PGE2 signaling pathway could provide potential therapeutic targets to reduce NSCLC recurrence after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanwei Song
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianzhu Xie
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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23
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Rut W, Groborz K, Zhang L, Sun X, Zmudzinski M, Pawlik B, Wang X, Jochmans D, Neyts J, Młynarski W, Hilgenfeld R, Drag M. SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors and activity-based probes for patient-sample imaging. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 17:222-228. [PMID: 33093684 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, the first cases of infection with a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, were diagnosed. Currently, there is no effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. To address this emerging problem, we focused on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease that constitutes one of the most attractive antiviral drug targets. We have synthesized a combinatorial library of fluorogenic substrates with glutamine in the P1 position. We used it to determine the substrate preferences of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases. On the basis of these findings, we designed and synthesized a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor (Ac-Abu-DTyr-Leu-Gln-VS, half-maximal effective concentration of 3.7 µM) and two activity-based probes, for one of which we determined the crystal structure of its complex with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We visualized active SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells of patients suffering from COVID-19 infection. The results of our work provide a structural framework for the design of inhibitors as antiviral agents and/or diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rut
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinyuanyuan Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Zmudzinski
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Pawlik
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology & Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology & Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Zanandrea R, Bonan CD, Campos MM. Zebrafish as a model for inflammation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2201-2211. [PMID: 33035664 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a small teleost (bony) fish used in many areas of pharmacology and toxicology. This animal model has advantages for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as the potential for real-time assessment of cell migration mechanisms. Additionally, zebrafish display a repertoire of inflammatory cells, mediators, and receptors that are similar to those in mammals, including humans. Inflammatory disease modeling in either larvae or adult zebrafish represents a promising tool for the screening of new anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the characterization of inflammatory responses in zebrafish, emphasizing its relevance for drug discovery in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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García-Argüello SF, Lopez-Lorenzo B, Cornelissen B, Smith G. Development of [ 18F]ICMT-11 for Imaging Caspase-3/7 Activity during Therapy-Induced Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2191. [PMID: 32781531 PMCID: PMC7465189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient apoptosis is a recognised hallmark of cancer. A strategy to quantitatively measure apoptosis in vivo would be of immense value in both drug discovery and routine patient management. The first irreversible step in the apoptosis cascade is activation of the "executioner" caspase-3 enzyme to commence cleavage of key structural proteins. One strategy to measure caspase-3 activity is Positron Emission Tomography using isatin-5-sulfonamide radiotracers. One such radiotracer is [18F]ICMT-11, which has progressed to clinical application. This review summarises the design and development process for [18F]ICMT-11, suggesting potential avenues for further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segundo Francisco García-Argüello
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Fundación General Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Grupo de Arteriosclerosis, Prevención Cardiovascular y Metabolismo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Lorenzo
- Biomedicina, Investigación Traslacional y Nuevas Tecnologías en Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
- BIONAND-Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía—Universidad de Málaga), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK;
| | - Graham Smith
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK;
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26
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Lanigan TM, Rasmussen SM, Weber DP, Athukorala KS, Campbell PL, Fox DA, Ruth JH. Real time visualization of cancer cell death, survival and proliferation using fluorochrome-transfected cells in an IncuCyte ® imaging system. J Biol Methods 2020; 7:e133. [PMID: 32577423 PMCID: PMC7300428 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2020.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing and viable approach to treating cancer along with more traditional forms of therapy. Real-time cell analysis technologies that examine the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the cells of the immune system are becoming more important for assessment of novel therapeutics. In this report, we use the IncuCyte® imaging system to study the killing potential of various immune cells on cancer cell lines. The IncuCyte® system tracks living cells, labeled by a red fluorescent protein, and cell death, as indicated by the caspase-3/7 reagent, which generates a green fluorescent signal upon activation of apoptotic pathways. Despite the power of this approach, obtaining commercially fluorescent cancer cell lines is expensive and limited in the range of cell lines that are available. To overcome this barrier, we developed an inexpensive method using a lentiviral construct expressing nuclear localized mKate2 red fluorescent protein to stably label cancer cells. We demonstrate that this method is effective in labeling a wide variety of cell lines, allowing for analyses of different cancers as well as different cell lines of the same type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Lanigan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Stephanie M Rasmussen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel P Weber
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kalana S Athukorala
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Phillip L Campbell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeffrey H Ruth
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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27
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Janiszewski T, Kołt S, Kaiserman D, Snipas SJ, Li S, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, Bovenschen N, Salvesen G, Drąg M, Bird PI, Kasperkiewicz P. Noninvasive optical detection of granzyme B from natural killer cells with enzyme-activated fluorogenic probes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9567-9582. [PMID: 32439802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immunity effectors that combat viral infections and control several cancer types. For their immune function, human NK cells rely largely on five different cytotoxic proteases, called granzymes (A/B/H/K/M). Granzyme B (GrB) initiates at least three distinct cell death pathways, but key aspects of its function remain unexplored because selective probes that detect its activity are currently lacking. In this study, we used a set of unnatural amino acids to fully map the substrate preferences of GrB, demonstrating previously unknown GrB substrate preferences. We then used these preferences to design substrate-based inhibitors and a GrB-activatable activity-based fluorogenic probe. We show that our GrB probes do not significantly react with caspases, making them ideal for in-depth analyses of GrB localization and function in cells. Using our quenched fluorescence substrate, we observed GrB within the cytotoxic granules of human YT cells. When used as cytotoxic effectors, YT cells loaded with GrB attacked MDA-MB-231 target cells, and active GrB influenced its target cell-killing efficiency. In summary, we have developed a set of molecular tools for investigating GrB function in NK cells and demonstrate noninvasive visual detection of GrB with an enzyme-activated fluorescent substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janiszewski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sonia Kołt
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dion Kaiserman
- Monash University, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott J Snipas
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Salvesen
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw, Poland.,Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Monash University, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Xu H, Huang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Min Q, Zhu JJ. Protease-responsive mass barcoded nanotranslators for simultaneously quantifying the intracellular activity of cascaded caspases in apoptosis pathways. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5280-5288. [PMID: 34122985 PMCID: PMC8159337 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitatively delineating the activation network of multiple proteases that participate in cellular processes is highly essential for understanding the physiological and pathological states of cells. In this study, protease-responsive mass barcoded nanotranslators (PRMNTs) were engineered for revealing the activity of cascaded caspases in apoptosis in a multiplex and quantitative manner. In the PRMNTs, a series of mass tag-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were tethered onto magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres via a linker containing the substrate peptide of the target protease to form a "one-to-many" core-satellite structure. This nanostructure was internalized into the cells, underwent an enzymatic reaction within the cells, and allowed post-reaction mass spectrometry (MS) interrogation after magnetic separation from the cells. In the presence of intracellular caspases, enzymatic cleavage of the linker could be translated to the decreased ion signals of the mass tags on the remaining AuNPs in the PRMNTs by MS decoding. Benefiting from the multiplexing capability of MS, the intracellular activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 that orchestrate the apoptotic process was simultaneously quantified at any given time. Kinetic analysis of caspase activity under stimulation of diverse anticancer drugs revealed that programmed cell death followed individual apoptosis pathways, differing in the activation degree and sequence of the caspase cascade. This work represents a modality that interfaces nanotechnology with MS for quantitatively probing the intracellular activity of multiple proteases, which opens up new avenues for revealing the apoptosis mechanism and developing innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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29
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Poreba M. Protease-activated prodrugs: strategies, challenges, and future directions. FEBS J 2020; 287:1936-1969. [PMID: 31991521 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play critical roles in virtually all biological processes, including proliferation, cell death and survival, protein turnover, and migration. However, when dysregulated, these enzymes contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, with cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and blood disorders being the most prominent examples. For a long time, disease-associated proteases have been used for the activation of various prodrugs due to their well-characterized catalytic activity and ability to selectively cleave only those substrates that strictly correspond with their active site architecture. To date, versatile peptide sequences that are cleaved by proteases in a site-specific manner have been utilized as bioactive linkers for the targeted delivery of multiple types of cargo, including fluorescent dyes, photosensitizers, cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics, and pro-antibodies. This platform is highly adaptive, as multiple protease-labile conjugates have already been developed, some of which are currently in clinical use for cancer treatment. In this review, recent advancements in the development of novel protease-cleavable linkers for selective drug delivery are described. Moreover, the current limitations regarding the selectivity of linkers are discussed, and the future perspectives that rely on the application of unnatural amino acids for the development of highly selective peptide linkers are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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30
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Poreba M. Recent advances in the development of legumain-selective chemical probes and peptide prodrugs. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1529-1550. [PMID: 31021817 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Legumain, which is also known as vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) or asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), is a cysteine protease that was first discovered and characterized in the leguminous seeds of the moth bean in the early 1990s. Later, this enzyme was also detected in higher organisms, including eukaryotes. This pH-dependent protease displays the highest activity in acidic endolysosomal compartments; however, legumain also displays nuclear, cytosolic and extracellular activity when stabilized by other proteins or intramolecular complexes. Based on the results from over 25 years of research, this protease is involved in multiple cellular events, including protein degradation and antigen presentation. Moreover, when dysregulated, this protease contributes to the progression of several diseases, with cancer being the well-studied example. Research on legumain biology was undoubtedly facilitated by the use of small molecule chemical tools. Therefore, in this review, I present the historical perspectives and most current strategies for the development of small molecule substrates, inhibitors and activity-based probes for legumain. These tools are of paramount importance in elucidating the roles of legumain in multiple biological processes. Finally, as this enzyme appears to be a promising molecular target for anticancer therapies, the development of legumain-activated prodrugs is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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31
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Xu JH, Eberhardt J, Hill-Payne B, González-Páez GE, Castellón JO, Cravatt BF, Forli S, Wolan DW, Backus KM. Integrative X-ray Structure and Molecular Modeling for the Rationalization of Procaspase-8 Inhibitor Potency and Selectivity. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:575-586. [PMID: 31927936 PMCID: PMC7370820 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are a critical class of proteases involved in regulating programmed cell death and other biological processes. Selective inhibitors of individual caspases, however, are lacking, due in large part to the high structural similarity found in the active sites of these enzymes. We recently discovered a small-molecule inhibitor, 63-R, that covalently binds the zymogen, or inactive precursor (pro-form), of caspase-8, but not other caspases, pointing to an untapped potential of procaspases as targets for chemical probes. Realizing this goal would benefit from a structural understanding of how small molecules bind to and inhibit caspase zymogens. There have, however, been very few reported procaspase structures. Here, we employ X-ray crystallography to elucidate a procaspase-8 crystal structure in complex with 63-R, which reveals large conformational changes in active-site loops that accommodate the intramolecular cleavage events required for protease activation. Combining these structural insights with molecular modeling and mutagenesis-based biochemical assays, we elucidate key interactions required for 63-R inhibition of procaspase-8. Our findings inform the mechanism of caspase activation and its disruption by small molecules and, more generally, have implications for the development of small molecule inhibitors and/or activators that target alternative (e.g., inactive precursor) protein states to ultimately expand the druggable proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice H. Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jerome Eberhardt
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Brianna Hill-Payne
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Gonzalo E. González-Páez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - José Omar Castellón
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Elvas F, Vanden Berghe T, Adriaenssens Y, Vandenabeele P, Augustyns K, Staelens S, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Wyffels L. Caspase-3 probes for PET imaging of apoptotic tumor response to anticancer therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4801-4824. [PMID: 31033991 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process involved in the normal organism development and homeostasis. In the context of anticancer therapy, apoptosis is also studied intensively in an attempt to induce cell death in cancer cells. Caspase activation is a known key event in the apoptotic process. In particular, active caspase-3 and -7 are the common effectors in several apoptotic pathways, therefore effector caspase activation may be a promising biomarker for response evaluation to anticancer therapy. Quantitative imaging of apoptosis in vivo could provide early assessment of therapeutic effectiveness and could also be used in drug development to evaluate the efficacy as well as potential toxicity of novel treatments. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality that allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of biological processes such as apoptosis by using radiolabeled probes. Here we describe the development and evaluation of fluorine-18-labeled caspase-3 activity-based probes (ABPs) for PET imaging of apoptosis. ABPs were selected by screening of a small library of fluorine-19-labeled DEVD peptides containing different electrophilic warhead groups. An acyloxymethyl ketone was identified with low nanomolar affinity for caspase-3 and was radiolabeled with fluorine-18. The resulting radiotracer, [18F]MICA-302, showed good labeling of active caspase-3 in vitro and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. A μPET imaging experiment in colorectal tumor xenografts demonstrated an increased tumor accumulation of [18F]MICA-302 in drug-treated versus control animals. Therefore, our data suggest this radiotracer may be useful for clinical PET imaging of response to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Zhang C, Pu K. Molecular and nanoengineering approaches towards activatable cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4234-4253. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of activatable immunotherapeutic nanoagents that activate antitumor immunity only in response to internal or external stimuli, which potentially enhance patient response rates while reducing immune-related adverse events during cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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Glaser M, Rajkumar V, Diocou S, Gendron T, Yan R, Sin PKB, Sander K, Carroll L, Pedley RB, Aboagye EO, Witney TH, Årstad E. One-Pot Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caspase-3 Selective 5-[ 123,125I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole derived Isatin SPECT Tracer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19299. [PMID: 31848442 PMCID: PMC6917698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is often necessary for successful cancer therapy, and the non-invasive monitoring of apoptosis post-therapy could assist in clinical decision making. Isatins are a class of compounds that target activated caspase-3 during apoptosis. Here we report the synthesis of the 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole (FITI) analog of the PET tracer [18F]ICMT11 as a candidate tracer for imaging of apoptosis with SPECT, as well as PET. Labelling with radioiodine (123,125I) was achieved in 55 ± 12% radiochemical yield through a chelator-accelerated one-pot cycloaddition reaction mediated by copper(I) catalysis. The caspase-3 binding affinity and selectivity of FITI compares favourably to that of [18F]ICMT11 (Ki = 6.1 ± 0.9 nM and 12.4 ± 4.7 nM, respectively). In biodistribution studies, etoposide-induced cell death in a SW1222 xenograft model resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumour uptake of the tracer. However, the tumour uptake was too low to allow in vivo imaging of apoptosis with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL, Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Yan
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Kwan Brian Sin
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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Maluch I, Czarna J, Drag M. Applications of Unnatural Amino Acids in Protease Probes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4103-4113. [PMID: 31593336 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since proteases are involved in a wide range of physiological and disease states, the development of novel tools for imaging proteolytic enzyme activity is attracting increasing interest from scientists. Peptide substrates containing proteinogenic amino acids are often the first line of defining enzyme specificity. This Minireview outlines examples of major recent advances in probing proteases using unnatural amino acid residues, which greatly expands the possibilities for designing substrate probes and inhibitory activity-based probes. This approach already yielded innovative probes that selectively target only one active protease within the group of enzymes exhibiting similar specificity both in cellular assays and in bioimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Maluch
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw, University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Czarna
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw, University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw, University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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36
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Liu L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Song D. Peptide-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles-based FRET sensing platform for Caspase-9 activity detection in vitro and in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Groborz K, Gonzalez Ramirez ML, Snipas SJ, Salvesen GS, Drąg M, Poręba M. Exploring the prime site in caspases as a novel chemical strategy for understanding the mechanisms of cell death: a proof of concept study on necroptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:451-465. [PMID: 31209360 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases participate in regulated cell death mechanisms and are divided into apoptotic and proinflammatory caspases. The main problem in identifying the unique role of a particular caspase in the mechanisms of regulated cell death is their overlapping substrate specificity; caspases recognize and hydrolyze similar peptide substrates. Most studies focus on examining the non-prime sites of the caspases, yet there is a need for novel and more precise chemical tools to identify the molecular participants and mechanisms of programmed cell death pathways. Therefore, we developed an innovative chemical approach that examines the prime area of the caspase active sites. This method permits the agile parallel solid-phase synthesis of caspase inhibitors with a high yield and purity. Using synthesized compounds we have shown the similarities and differences in the prime area of the caspase active site and, as a proof of concept, we demonstrated the exclusive role of caspase-8 in necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monica L Gonzalez Ramirez
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Scott J Snipas
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland. .,NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland. .,NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Baker PJ, Masters SL. Caspase substrates won't be defined by a four-letter code. J Biol Chem 2019; 293:7068-7069. [PMID: 29728534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h118.002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cell death can be mediated by the murine caspase-1 and -11. Genetic and cell biological data point to conflicting conclusions whether these caspases cleave the same substrates or use distinct mechanisms to mediate inflammation and cell death. Peptide screening and biochemical analysis by Gonzales Ramirez et al. now suggest caspase-11 specificity may be determined outside the known substrate motif and identifies substrates cleaved preferentially by caspase-1, providing new opportunities to uniquely target inflammatory caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Baker
- From the Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia and.,the Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- From the Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia and .,the Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Li H, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Meade TJ. Bimodal Fluorescence-Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent for Apoptosis Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6224-6233. [PMID: 30919628 PMCID: PMC6939894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy largely depends on inducing apoptosis in cancer cells via chemotherapy and/or radiation. Monitoring apoptosis in real-time provides invaluable information for evaluating cancer therapy response and screening preclinical anticancer drugs. In this work, we describe the design, synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of caspase probe 1 (CP1), a bimodal fluorescence-magnetic resonance (FL-MR) probe that exhibits simultaneous FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7. Both caspases exist as inactive zymogens in normal cells but are activated during apoptosis and are unique biomarkers for this process. CP1 has three distinct components: a DOTA-Gd(III) chelate that provides the MR signal enhancement, tetraphenylethylene as the aggregation induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), and DEVD peptide which is a substrate for caspase-3/7. In response to caspase-3/7, the water-soluble peptide DEVD is cleaved and the remaining Gd(III)-AIEgen (Gad-AIE) conjugate aggregates leading to increased FL-MR signals. CP1 exhibited sensitive and selective dual FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7 in vitro and was successfully tested by fluorescence imaging of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, we were able to use the FL response of CP1 to quantify the exact concentrations of inactive and active agents and accurately predict the MR signal in vitro. We have demonstrated that the aggregation-driven FL-MR probe design is a unique method for MR signal quantification. This probe design platform can be adapted for a variety of different imaging targets, opening new and exciting avenues for multimodal molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Potent and selective caspase-2 inhibitor prevents MDM-2 cleavage in reversine-treated colon cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2695-2709. [PMID: 30976094 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most caspases can be positioned unambiguously within the regulated cell death networks of apoptosis and pyroptosis, but the role of caspase-2, a highly conserved protease within the family, remains enigmatic. This is mainly due to lack of selective chemical and biochemical tools for the investigation of this protease. In this study, we used our hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) approach to broadly profile caspase-2 substrate specificity using peptide scanning libraries. This screen uncovered previously unknown caspase-2 peptidyl substrate preferences, which were further used to develop caspase-2 selective fluorogenic substrates and covalent, irreversible AOMK inhibitors. Finally, we used the champion inhibitor (NH-23-C2) in reversine-treated HCT-116 colon cancer cells to selectively block caspase-2 activity and caspase-2-mediated MDM-2 cleavage. In addition, we showed that NH-23-C2 does not block caspase-3 or caspase-8, which makes it a powerful chemical tool to dissect the true role of caspase-2 in various biological setups.
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41
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Cogo F, Poreba M, Rut W, Groborz K, Smyth P, Johnston MC, Williams R, Longley DB, Burden RE, Salvesen GS, Drag M, Scott CJ. Development of an advanced nanoformulation for the intracellular delivery of a caspase-3 selective activity-based probe. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:742-751. [PMID: 30566168 PMCID: PMC7331821 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to label active caspase-3 represents a useful pharmacodynamic strategy to determine the efficacy of anti-tumour drugs. Activity-based probes (ABPs) provide a method for the labelling of activated caspases and the recent development of hybrid combinatorial substrate libraries (HyCoSuL) has allowed for the generation of highly selective ABPs to discriminately label these proteases. Here using this approach, a novel caspase-3 selective ABP (CS1) has been developed and validated in apoptotic cells to selectively bind caspase-3 over the closely related caspase-7. However, a critical bottleneck for ABPs is their cell penetrance and therefore this cell-impermeable CS1 probe was subsequently formulated into PLGA-based nanoparticles (CS1-NPs). We demonstrate the ability of these particles to be taken up by the cells and facilitate intracellular delivery of the ABP to effectively label caspase 3 in response to apoptotic stimuli. This work forms the foundation of a novel approach for the labelling of caspase 3 and may have downstream utility to measure real time apoptosis in tumours and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cogo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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42
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Vizovišek M, Vidmar R, Drag M, Fonović M, Salvesen GS, Turk B. Protease Specificity: Towards In Vivo Imaging Applications and Biomarker Discovery. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:829-844. [PMID: 30097385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are considered of major importance in biomedical research because of their crucial roles in health and disease. Their ability to hydrolyze their protein and peptide substrates at single or multiple sites, depending on their specificity, makes them unique among the enzymes. Understanding protease specificity is therefore crucial to understand their biology as well as to develop tools and drugs. Recent advancements in the fields of proteomics and chemical biology have improved our understanding of protease biology through extensive specificity profiling and identification of physiological protease substrates. There are growing efforts to transfer this knowledge into clinical modalities, but their success is often limited because of overlapping protease features, protease redundancy, and chemical tools lacking specificity. Herein, we discuss the current trends and challenges in protease research and how to exploit the growing information on protease specificities for understanding protease biology, as well as for development of selective substrates, cleavable linkers, and activity-based probes and for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vizovišek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marko Fonović
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are a large class of biological catalysts that play a vital role in a plethora of critical biochemical processes required to maintain human health. However, the expression and/or activity of these important enzymes can change in many different diseases and therefore represent exciting targets for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers. This review focuses on recently reported radiolabeled substrates, reversible inhibitors, and irreversible inhibitors investigated as PET and SPECT tracers for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. By learning from the most successful examples of tracer development for hydrolytic enzymes, it appears that an early focus on careful enzyme kinetics and cell-based studies are key factors for identifying potentially useful new molecular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Rempel
- 1 Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,3 Biomarker Discovery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Poreba M, Groborz K, Navarro M, Snipas SJ, Drag M, Salvesen GS. Caspase selective reagents for diagnosing apoptotic mechanisms. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:229-244. [PMID: 29748600 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical caspases initiate and effector caspases execute apoptosis. Reagents that can distinguish between caspases, particularly apical caspases-8, 9, and 10 are scarce and generally nonspecific. Based upon a previously described large-scale screen of peptide-based caspase substrates termed HyCoSuL, we sought to develop reagents to distinguish between apical caspases in order to reveal their function in apoptotic cell death paradigms. To this end, we selected tetrapeptide-based sequences that deliver optimal substrate selectivity and converted them to inhibitors equipped with a detectable tag (activity-based probes-ABPs). We demonstrate a strong relationship between substrate kinetics and ABP kinetics. To evaluate the utility of selective substrates and ABPs, we examined distinct apoptosis pathways in Jurkat T lymphocyte and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer lines triggered to undergo cell death via extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis. We report the first highly selective substrate appropriate for quantitation of caspase-8 activity during apoptosis. Converting substrates to ABPs promoted loss-of-activity and selectivity, thus we could not define a single ABP capable of detecting individual apical caspases in complex mixtures. To overcome this, we developed a panel strategy utilizing several caspase-selective ABPs to interrogate apoptosis, revealing the first chemistry-based approach to uncover the participation of caspase-8, but not caspase-9 or -10 in TRAIL-induced extrinsic apoptosis. We propose that using select panels of ABPs can provide information regarding caspase-8 apoptotic signaling more faithfully than can single, generally nonspecific reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mario Navarro
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Scott J Snipas
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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45
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Ramirez MLG, Poreba M, Snipas SJ, Groborz K, Drag M, Salvesen GS. Extensive peptide and natural protein substrate screens reveal that mouse caspase-11 has much narrower substrate specificity than caspase-1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7058-7067. [PMID: 29414788 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cell death, or pyroptosis, is triggered by pathogenic infections or events. It is executed by caspase-1 (in the canonical pyroptosis pathway) or caspase-11 (noncanonical pathway), each via production of a cell-lytic domain from the pyroptosis effector protein gasdermin D through specific and limited proteolysis. Pyroptosis is accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators, including the proteolytically processed forms of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Given the similar inflammatory outcomes of the canonical and noncanonical pyroptosis pathways, we hypothesized that caspase-1 and -11 should have very similar activities and substrate specificities. To test this hypothesis, we purified recombinant murine caspases and analyzed their primary specificities by massive hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) screens. We correlated the substrate preferences of each caspase with their activities on the recombinant natural substrates IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. Although we identified highly selective and robust peptidyl substrates for caspase-1, we were unable to do so for caspase-11, because caspase-1 cleaved even the best caspase-11 substrates equally well. Caspase-1 rapidly processed pro-IL-1β and -18, but caspase-11 processed these two pro-ILs extremely poorly. However, both caspase-1 and -11 efficiently produced the cell-lytic domain from the gasdermin D precursor. We hypothesize that caspase-11 may have evolved a specific exosite to selectively engage pyroptosis without directly activating pro-IL-1β or -18. In summary, comparing the activities of caspase-1 and -11 in HyCoSuL screens and with three endogenous protein substrates, we conclude that caspase-11 has highly restricted substrate specificity, preferring gasdermin D over all other substrates examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Gonzalez Ramirez
- From the NCI-Designated Cancer Center and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Marcin Poreba
- From the NCI-Designated Cancer Center and.,the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Groborz
- the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Ranganathan R, Lenti G, Tassone NM, Scannell BJ, Southern CA, Karver CE. Design and application of a fluorogenic assay for monitoring inflammatory caspase activity. Anal Biochem 2018; 543:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Liu L, Zhang H, Song D, Wang Z. An upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for effectively sensing caspase-3 activity. Analyst 2018; 143:761-767. [PMID: 29327008 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing platform for the sensitive detection of caspase-3 activity in vitro and in cells using NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the energy donor and Rhodamine B (RB) as the energy acceptor. The phosphorylated RB-modified peptide containing a caspase-3 cleavage site and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) motif (sequence, (RB)-DEVDGGS(p)GCGT(p)GRKKRRQRRRPQ) is immobilized on the UCNP surface via the strong coordination interaction between Gd3+ ions with phosphate. After the cleavage of DEVD by caspase-3, the RB is released from the UCNP surface and the reduced upconversion luminescence (UCL) is recovered. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery ratio of the UCL is linearly dependent on the caspase-3 concentration within the range of 0.01 to 1000 pg mL-1 and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). In particular, the as-proposed UCNP-based FRET sensing platform has reasonable selectivity which is successfully employed to monitor caspase-3 activity in drug-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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Okorochenkova Y, Porubský M, Benická S, Hlaváč J. A novel three-fluorophore system as a ratiometric sensor for multiple protease detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7589-7592. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent system for the detection of two proteases solely or in their mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Okorochenkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- Palacky University
- Olomouc 779 00
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Porubský
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University Olomouc
- Olomouc 771 46
- Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Benická
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University Olomouc
- Olomouc 771 46
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- Palacky University
- Olomouc 779 00
- Czech Republic
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49
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Li D, Cheng J, Wang CK, Ying H, Hu Y, Han F, Li X. Bis-reaction-trigger as a strategy to improve the selectivity of fluorescent probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8170-8173. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Equipping a fluorophore with two ONOO−-specific reaction triggers yielded a probe able to report various degrees of nitrosative stress in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Juan Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Cheng-Kun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Huazhou Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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50
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Adriaenssens Y, Jiménez Fernández D, Vande Walle L, Elvas F, Joossens J, Lambeir A, Augustyns K, Lamkanfi M, Van der Veken P. Carboxylate isosteres for caspase inhibitors: the acylsulfonamide case revisited. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7456-7473. [PMID: 28837200 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort to discover inhibitors of caspase-1 with an optimized selectivity and biopharmaceutical profile, acylsulfonamides were explored as carboxylate isosteres for caspase inhibitors. Acylsulfonamide analogues of the clinically investigated caspase-1 inhibitor VRT-043198 and of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-CHO were synthesized. The isostere-containing analogues with an aldehyde warhead had inhibitory potencies comparable to the carboxylate references. In addition, the conformational and tautomeric characteristics of these molecules were determined using 1H- and 13C-based NMR. The propensity of acylsulfonamides with an aldehyde warhead to occur in a ring-closed conformation at physiological pH significantly increases the sensitivity to hydrolysis of the acylsulfonamide moiety, yielding the parent carboxylate containing inhibitors. These results indicate that the acylsulfonamide analogues of the aldehyde-based inhibitor VRT-043198 might have potential as a novel type of prodrug for the latter. Finally, inhibition of caspase 1 and 11 mediated inflammation in mouse macrophages was found to correlate with the potencies of the compounds in enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Adriaenssens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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