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Chen B, Wang D, Wei S, Wang J. Portable electrochemical aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116434. [PMID: 38810414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Aptamer-based electrochemical sensors are frequently used as independent, surface-functionalized, passive electrodes. However, their sensitivity and detection limits become limited, particularly when the electrode area is reduced to facilitate miniaturization. A mobile phone-based microfluidic electrochemical aptamer sensing platform for 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) detection was developed in this work. This aptamer sensor utilized Exonuclease I (Exo I) and DNA/AuNPs/horseradish peroxidase (DNA/AuNPs/HRP) nanoprobes as a merged signal amplification method, which resulted in an increase in the electrochemical sensing performance. Sensitive detection of PCB77 was accomplished by functionalizing the hierarchically structured Au@MoS2/CNTs/GO modified working/sensing electrode with the specific aptamer. The aptamer sensor was tested with different concentrations of PCB77 within the microfluidic platform. Afterward, the differential pulse voltammograms were recorded using a wireless integrated circuit device. Subsequently, the collected data was transmitted to a smartphone using Bluetooth communication. A detection limit of 0.0085 ng/L was obtained for PCB77 detection, with a detection range from 0.1 to 1000 ng/L. In addition, the detection of PCB77 in spiked water samples validated the possibility of using this aptamer sensor in a real environment, and the aptamer sensor demonstrated high selectivity in distinguishing PCB77 from other potential interfering species. The merging of electrochemical aptamer sensors with purposefully engineered microfluidic and integrated devices in this study is a novel and promising method that provides a dependable platform for on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Adv. Mater. in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Adv. Mater. in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shusheng Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Adv. Mater. in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Adv. Mater. in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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2
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Ahmad F, Muhmood T. Clinical translation of nanomedicine with integrated digital medicine and machine learning interventions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114041. [PMID: 38897022 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials based therapeutics transform the ways of disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment with increasing sophistications in nanotechnology at a breakneck pace, but very few could reach to the clinic due to inconsistencies in preclinical studies followed by regulatory hinderances. To tackle this, integrating the nanomedicine discovery with digital medicine provide technologies as tools of specific biological activity measurement. Hence, overcome the redundancies in nanomedicine discovery by the on-site data acquisition and analytics through integrating intelligent sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). Integrated AI/ML wearable sensors directly gather clinically relevant biochemical information from the subject's body and process data for physicians to make right clinical decision(s) in a time and cost-effective way. This review summarizes insights and recommend the infusion of actionable big data computation enabled sensors in burgeoning field of nanomedicine at academia, research institutes, and pharmaceutical industries, with a potential of clinical translation. Furthermore, many blind spots are present in modern clinically relevant computation, one of which could prevent ML-guided low-cost new nanomedicine development from being successfully translated into the clinic was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Tahir Muhmood
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
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3
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Garg M, Guo H, Maclam E, Zhanov E, Samudrala S, Pavlov A, Rahman MS, Namkoong M, Moreno JP, Tian L. Molecularly Imprinted Wearable Sensor with Paper Microfluidics for Real-Time Sweat Biomarker Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39178237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for real-time and noninvasive monitoring of health-associated biochemical parameters has motivated the development of wearable sweat sensors. Existing electrochemical sensors show promise in real-time analysis of various chemical biomarkers. These sensors often rely on labels and redox probes to generate and amplify the signals for the detection and quantification of analytes with limited sensitivity. In this study, we introduce a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biochemical sensor to quantify a molecular biomarker in sweat using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which eliminates the need for labels or redox probes. The molecularly imprinted biosensor can achieve sensitive and specific detection of cortisol at concentrations as low as 1 pM, 1000-fold lower than previously reported MIP cortisol sensors. We integrated multimodal electrochemical sensors with an iontophoresis sweat extraction module and paper microfluidics for real-time sweat analysis. Several parameters can be simultaneously quantified, including sweat volume, secretion rate, sodium ion, and cortisol concentration. Paper microfluidic modules not only quantify sweat volume and secretion rate but also facilitate continuous sweat analysis without user intervention. While we focus on cortisol sensing as a proof-of-concept, the molecularly imprinted wearable sensors can be extended to real-time detection of other biochemicals, such as protein biomarkers and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Ethan Maclam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Sathwika Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Anton Pavlov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Myeong Namkoong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Jennette P Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, Texas, United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
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4
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Shi H, Wang X, Guo H, Yang Y, Yang Y. Antiswelling Photochromic Hydrogels for Underwater Optically Camouflageable Flexible Electronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39178378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Optical camouflage offers an effective strategy for enhancing the survival chances of underwater flexible electronic devices akin to underwater organisms. Photochromism is one of the most effective methods to achieve optical camouflage. In this study, antiswelling hydrogels with photochromic properties were prepared using a two-step solvent replacement strategy and explored as underwater optically camouflaged flexible electronic devices. The hydrophobic network formed upon polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) ensured that the hydrogels possessed outstanding antiswelling properties. Internetwork hydrogen bonding interactions allowed the hydrogels to exhibit tissue-adaptable mechanical properties and excellent self-bonding capabilities. The introduction of polyoxometalates further enhanced the hydrogels' mechanical and self-bonding properties while imparting photochromic capability. The hydrogels could be rapidly and reversibly colored under 365 nm UV irradiation. The bleaching rate of the colored hydrogels increased with temperature, bleaching within 12 h at 60 °C but maintaining the color for more than 5 days at room temperature. The self-bonding and photochromic properties enabled the hydrogels to be easily assembled into optically camouflaged underwater flexible electronic devices for underwater motion sensing and wireless information transmission. An optically camouflaged strain sensor was first assembled for underwater limb motion sensing. Additionally, an underwater optically camouflaged wireless information exchange device was assembled to enable wireless communication with a smartphone. This work provided an effective strategy for the optical camouflage of underwater flexible electronic devices, presenting opportunities for next-generation underwater hydrogel-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Center of Characterization and Analysis, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
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Chen Y, Hong J, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Wu J, Shi Q. Multimodal Intelligent Flooring System for Advanced Smart-Building Monitoring and Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406190. [PMID: 39169820 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The floor constitutes one of the largest areas within a building with which users interact most frequently in daily activities. Employing floor sensors is vital for smart-building digital twins, wherein triboelectric nanogenerators demonstrate wide application potential due to their good performance and self-powering characteristics. However, their sensing stability, reliability, and multimodality require further enhancement to meet the rapidly evolving demands. Thus, this work introduces a multimodal intelligent flooring system, implementing a 4 × 4 floor array for multimodal information detection (including position, pressure, material, user identity, and activity) and human-machine interactions. The floor unit incorporates a hybrid structure of triboelectric pressure sensors and a top-surface material sensor, facilitating linear and enhanced sensitivity across a wide pressure range (0-800 N), alongside the material recognition capability. The floor array is implemented by an advanced output-ratio method with minimalist output channels, which is insensitive to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. In addition to multimodal sensing, energy harvesting is co-designed with the pressure sensors for scavenging waste energy to power smart-building sensor nodes. This developed flooring system enables multimodal sensing, energy harvesting, and smart-sport interactions in smart buildings, greatly expanding the floor sensing scenarios and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jianlong Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yukun Xiao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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6
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Yao G, Gan X, Lin Y. Flexible self-powered bioelectronics enables personalized health management from diagnosis to therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2289-2306. [PMID: 38821746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible self-powered bioelectronics (FSPBs), incorporating flexible electronic features in biomedical applications, have revolutionized the human-machine interface since they hold the potential to offer natural and seamless human interactions while overcoming the limitations of battery-dependent power sources. Furthermore, as biosensors or actuators, FSPBs can dynamically monitor physiological signals to reveal real-time health abnormalities and provide timely and precise treatments. Therefore, FSPBs are increasingly shaping the landscape of health monitoring and disease treatment, weaving a sophisticated and personalized bond between humans and health management. Here, we examine the recent advanced progress of FSPBs in developing working mechanisms, design strategies, and structural configurations toward personalized health management, emphasizing its role in clinical medical scenarios from biophysical/biochemical sensors for sensing diagnosis to robust/biodegradable actuators for intervention therapy. Future perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in emerging multifunctional FSPBs for the next-generation health management systems are also forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Xingyi Gan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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8
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Ye C, Lukas H, Wang M, Lee Y, Gao W. Nucleic acid-based wearable and implantable electrochemical sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7960-7982. [PMID: 38985007 PMCID: PMC11308452 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancements in nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors for implantable and wearable applications have marked a significant leap forward in the domain of personal healthcare over the last decade. This technology promises to revolutionize personalized healthcare by facilitating the early diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of disease progression, and tailoring of individual treatment plans. This review navigates through the latest developments in this field, focusing on the strategies for nucleic acid sensing that enable real-time and continuous biomarker analysis directly in various biofluids, such as blood, interstitial fluid, sweat, and saliva. The review delves into various nucleic acid sensing strategies, emphasizing the innovative designs of biorecognition elements and signal transduction mechanisms that enable implantable and wearable applications. Special perspective is given to enhance nucleic acid-based sensor selectivity and sensitivity, which are crucial for the accurate detection of low-level biomarkers. The integration of such sensors into implantable and wearable platforms, including microneedle arrays and flexible electronic systems, actualizes their use in on-body devices for health monitoring. We also tackle the technical challenges encountered in the development of these sensors, such as ensuring long-term stability, managing the complexity of biofluid dynamics, and fulfilling the need for real-time, continuous, and reagentless detection. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of these sensors in the future of medical engineering, offering insights into design considerations and future research directions to overcome existing limitations and fully realize the potential of nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ye
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Minqiang Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Yerim Lee
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Ren D, Zhang S, Dai J, Lan J, Qiu D, Zhang K, Bi H, Huang F. Sulfur-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Inlaid Nanographene for 3D-Printing Micro-Supercapacitors and a Flexible Self-Powered Sensing System. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39051159 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Digital fabrication of miniaturized micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) holds immense promise for advancing customized, integrated microelectronic systems. As potential electrode materials, carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), stand out due to their excellent conductivity and mechanical robustness yet suffer from low ionic storage sites, which restrict further applications. Herein, we introduce a sulfur-assisted in situ activating strategy for obtaining sulfur-functionalized carbon nanotube frameworks integrated with inlaid graphene nanosheets (S-CNT/GNS). Specifically, sulfur functionality enriches the surface charge density with improved interfacial hydrophilicity, while the inlaid nanographene sheets provide abundant ionic adsorption sites. By direct 3D printing of the S-CNT/GNS ink, planar MSCs were fabricated with desirable functionality and outstanding electrochemical performance. Notably, the developed MSCs exhibit a high areal capacitance of 0.47 F cm-2, an exceptional energy density of 64.6 μWh cm-2, and a high-power density of 34.2 mW cm-2. Furthermore, an all-flexible self-powered sensing system with photovoltaic cells and a stretchable sensor was built upon the customized S-CNT/GNS MSCs, demonstrating a highly effective capability for real-time monitoring of human physiological signals and body movements. This work not only presents a promising approach for the development of high-performance MSCs but also lays the groundwork for the creation of advanced wearable/flexible microelectronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Zhongke Institute of Strategic Emerging Materials, Yixing 214216, China
| | - Shaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiaxin Dai
- Zhongke Institute of Strategic Emerging Materials, Yixing 214216, China
| | - Jiancheng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Zhongke Institute of Strategic Emerging Materials, Yixing 214216, China
| | - Donghai Qiu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Lu W, Wu G, Gan L, Zhang Y, Li K. Functional fibers/textiles for smart sensing devices and applications in personal healthcare systems. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39037195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medical diagnostics and monitoring have become increasingly important due to inefficient and delayed medical services of traditional centralized healthcare systems. To enhance the comfort and portability, flexible health monitoring systems have been developed in recent years. In particular, smart fiber/textile-based sensing devices show superiority for continuously monitoring personal health and vital physiological parameters owing to their light weight, good flexibility and inherent miniaturization. This review focuses on the recent advances in smart fiber/textile-based sensing devices for wearable electronic applications. First, fabrication strategies of smart sensing fibers/textiles are introduced in detail. In addition, sensing performances, working principles and applications of smart sensing fibers/textiles such as pressure sensing fibers/textiles, stretchable strain sensing fibers/textiles, temperature sensing fibers/textiles, and biofluid, gas and humidity sensing fibers/textiles in health monitoring are also reviewed systematically. Finally, we propose current challenges and future prospects in the area of fiber/textile-based sensors for wearable healthcare monitoring and diagnosis systems. In general, this review aims to give an overall perspective of the promising field by reviewing various fiber/textile-based sensing devices and highlighting the importance for researchers to keep up with the sequential exploration of soft sensing fibers/textiles for applications in wearable smart systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Linli Gan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Li L, Tong J, Chen X, Deng W, Chen Z, Xiao X, Yin Y, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Hu X, Wang Y. Advanced nanomaterials for electrochemical sensors: application in wearable tear glucose sensing technology. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6774-6804. [PMID: 38920094 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In the last few decades, tear-based biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have provided new avenues for the diagnosis of diabetes. The tear CGMs constructed from nanomaterials have been extensively demonstrated by various research activities in this field and are gradually witnessing their most prosperous period. A timely and comprehensive review of the development of tear CGMs in a compartmentalized manner from a nanomaterials perspective would greatly broaden this area of research. However, to our knowledge, there is a lack of specialized reviews and comprehensive cohesive reports in this area. First, this paper describes the principles and development of electrochemical glucose sensors. Then, a comprehensive summary of various advanced nanomaterials recently reported for potential applications and construction strategies in tear CGMs is presented in a compartmentalized manner, focusing on sensing properties. Finally, the challenges, strategies, and perspectives used to design tear CGM materials are emphasized, providing valuable insights and guidance for the construction of tear CGMs from nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Lei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jiale Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xuanyu Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Qingsong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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12
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Nitta C, Ohsedo Y. Thixotropic Composite Hydrogel Electrode Composed of a Polymer Hydrogelator and Water-Dispersive Tungsten Oxide Flat Microparticles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401469. [PMID: 38747031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Here, we introduce an organic/inorganic composite hydrogel as a versatile gel electrode material. This composite hydrogel was formed by simply mixing an aqueous solution of flat microparticles of tungsten oxide, exhibiting superior water dispersibility, with a hydrogel composed of a water-soluble polyaramide-based polymer hydrogelator. The resulting composite hydrogel exhibited uniform dispersion of tungsten oxide flat particles throughout the hydrogel matrix, supplementing the structure formed by the polymer hydrogelator. It maintained the gel-forming capability and thixotropic behavior inherent to the polymer hydrogelator while showcasing the electrochemical characteristics of tungsten oxide. With its spreadability and applicability to various electrode shapes, a composite hydrogel is presented as a potential spreadable gel electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Nitta
- Graduate School of Human Centered Engineering, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyahigashi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ohsedo
- Division of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyahigashi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
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13
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Choi H, Biswas S, Lang P, Bae JH, Kim H. A Current Development of Energy Harvesting Systems for Energy-Independent Bioimplantable Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403899. [PMID: 38984756 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors have emerged as vital tools for the detection and monitoring of essential biological information. However, their efficiency is often constrained by limitations in the power supply. To address this challenge, energy harvesting systems have gained prominence. These off-grid, independent systems harness energy from the surrounding environment, providing a sustainable solution for powering biosensors autonomously. This continuous power source overcomes critical constraints, ensuring uninterrupted operation and seamless data collection. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent literature on energy harvesting-based biosensors is presented. Various techniques and technologies are critically examined, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and wireless power transfer, focusing on their applications and optimization. Furthermore, the immense potential of these energy harvesting-driven biosensors is highlighted across diverse fields, such as medicine, environmental surveillance, and biosignal analysis. By exploring the integration of energy harvesting systems, this review underscores their pivotal role in advancing biosensor technology. These innovations promise improved efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and broader applicability, marking significant progress in the field of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Philippe Lang
- ITODYS, University of Paris, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baif, Paris CEDEX 13, 75205, France
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kang M, Yeo WH. Advances in Energy Harvesting Technologies for Wearable Devices. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:884. [PMID: 39064395 PMCID: PMC11279352 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of wearable electronics is revolutionizing human health monitoring, intelligent robotics, and informatics. Yet the reliance on traditional batteries limits their wearability, user comfort, and continuous use. Energy harvesting technologies offer a promising power solution by converting ambient energy from the human body or surrounding environment into electrical power. Despite their potential, current studies often focus on individual modules under specific conditions, which limits practical applicability in diverse real-world environments. Here, this review highlights the recent progress, potential, and technological challenges in energy harvesting technology and accompanying technologies to construct a practical powering module, including power management and energy storage devices for wearable device developments. Also, this paper offers perspectives on designing next-generation wearable soft electronics that enhance quality of life and foster broader adoption in various aspects of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center (WISH Center), Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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15
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Winters C, Carsi M, Sanchis MJ, Culebras M, Collins MN. On the design of lignin reinforced acrylic acid/hyaluronic acid adhesive hydrogels with conductive PEDOT:HA nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133093. [PMID: 38866291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are of great importance in biomedical engineering. They possess the ability to mimic bodily soft tissues, and this allows exciting possibilities for applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing, however much work remains on stability and mechanical robustness to allow for translation to clinical applications. The work herein describes the synthesis and analysis of a biocompatible, versatile hydrogel that has tailorable swelling, high stability when swollen and thermal stability. The synthesis methods used produce a hydrogel with high elasticity, good mechanical properties and rapid crosslinking whilst displaying biocompatibility, adhesion, and conductivity. It has been shown that cell viability in the samples is above 80 % in all cases, a Young's Modulus of up to 85 kPa and high swelling degrees were achieved. These materials show potential for use in numerous applications such as adhesive sensors, skin grafts and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona Winters
- Stokes Labs, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marta Carsi
- Instituto de Automática E Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Sanchis
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Instituto Tecnológico de La Energía, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Culebras
- Institute of Material Science (ICMUV), University of Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Labs, Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; SFI AMBER Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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16
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Back JH, Kim JS, Kim Y, Kim HJ. Heterogeneous Acrylic Resins with Bicontinuous Nanodomains as Low-Modulus Flexible Adhesives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403497. [PMID: 38924649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Adhesives play a critical role in the assembly of electronic devices, particularly as devices become more diverse in form factors. Flexible displays require highly transparent and rapidly recoverable adhesives with a certain stiffness. In this study, novel structured adhesives are developed that incorporate bicontinuous nanodomains to fabricate flexible adhesives with low moduli. This structure is obtained via polymerization-induced microphase separation using a macro chain transfer agent (CTA). Phase separation is characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. By optimizing the length of the macro CTA, an adhesive with both hard and soft nanodomains is produced, resulting in exceptional flexibility (strain recovery = 93%) and minimal modulus (maximum stress/applied strain = 7 kPa), which overperforms traditional adhesives. The optimized adhesive exhibits excellent resilience under extensive strain, as well as strong adhesion and transparency. Furthermore, dynamic folding tests demonstrate the exceptional stability of the adhesive under various temperature and humidity conditions, which is attributed to its unique structure. In summary, the distinct bicontinuous phase structure confers excellent transparency, flexibility, and reduced stiffness to the adhesive, rendering it well-suited for commercial foldable displays and suggesting potential applications in stretchable displays and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Back
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Samsung Display Co. Ltd., Cheonan, 31086, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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Liu G, Huang Z, Xu J, Lin T, Zhang B, He P. MnO 2 Nanoparticles Decorated PEDOT:PSS for High Performance Stretchable and Transparent Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1080. [PMID: 38998685 PMCID: PMC11243227 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
With the swift advancement of wearable electronics and artificial intelligence, the integration of electronic devices with the human body has advanced significantly, leading to enhanced real-time health monitoring and remote disease diagnosis. Despite progress in developing stretchable materials with skin-like mechanical properties, there remains a need for materials that also exhibit high optical transparency. Supercapacitors, as promising energy storage devices, offer advantages such as portability, long cycle life, and rapid charge/discharge rates, but achieving high capacity, stretchability, and transparency simultaneously remains challenging. This study combines the stretchable, transparent polymer PEDOT:PSS with MnO2 nanoparticles to develop high-performance, stretchable, and transparent supercapacitors. PEDOT:PSS films were deposited on a PDMS substrate using a spin-coating method, followed by electrochemical deposition of MnO2 nanoparticles. This method ensured that the nanosized MnO2 particles were uniformly distributed, maintaining the transparency and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS. The resulting PEDOT:PSS/MnO2 nanoparticle electrodes were gathered into a symmetric device using a LiCl/PVA gel electrolyte, achieving an areal capacitance of 1.14 mF cm-2 at 71.2% transparency and maintaining 89.92% capacitance after 5000 cycles of 20% strain. This work presents a scalable and economical technique to manufacturing supercapacitors that combine high capacity, transparency, and mechanical stretchability, suggesting potential applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (G.L.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (G.L.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Jiujie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (G.L.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiesong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (G.L.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (G.L.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (T.L.)
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18
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Iranmanesh E, Liang Z, Li W, Liao C, Jin S, Liu C, Wang K, Zhang S, Doumanidis C, Amaratunga GAJ, Zhou H. Organic-inorganic hybrid piezotronic bipolar junction transistor for pressure sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:80. [PMID: 38911342 PMCID: PMC11189938 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), wearable sensors are playing an increasingly important role in daily monitoring of personal health and wellness. The signal-to-noise-ratio has become the most critical performance factor to consider. To enhance it, on the one hand, good sensing materials/devices have been employed; on the other hand, signal amplification and noise reduction circuits have been used. However, most of these devices and circuits work in an active sampling mode, requiring frequent data acquisition and hence, entailing high-power consumption. In this scenario, a flexible and wearable event-triggered sensor with embedded signal amplification without an external power supply is of great interest. Here, we report a flexible two-terminal piezotronic n-p-n bipolar junction transistor (PBJT) that acts as an autonomous and highly sensitive, current- and/or voltage-mediated pressure sensor. The PBJT is formed by two back-to-back piezotronic diodes which are defined as emitter-base and collector-base diodes. Upon force exertion on the emitter side, as a result of the piezoelectric effect, the emitter-base diode is forward biased while the collector-base diode is reverse biased. Due to the inherent BJT amplification effect, the PBJT achieves record-high sensitivities of 139.7 kPa-1 (current-based) and 88.66 kPa-1 (voltage-based) in sensing mode. The PBJT also has a fast response time of <110 ms under exertion of dynamic stimuli ranging from a flying butterfly to a gentle finger touch. Therefore, the PBJT advances the state of the art not only in terms of sensitivity but also in regard to being self-driven and autonomous, making it promising for pressure sensing and other IoT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Iranmanesh
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063 P. R. China
| | - Zihao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Device and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Congwei Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Shunyu Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 23000 PR China
| | - Chuan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Charalampos Doumanidis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063 P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Shelby Hall, 3128, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Gehan A. J. Amaratunga
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA United Kingdom
- Zhejiang University, International Campus, Haining, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
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19
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Wang XQ, Xie AQ, Cao P, Yang J, Ong WL, Zhang KQ, Ho GW. Structuring and Shaping of Mechanically Robust and Functional Hydrogels toward Wearable and Implantable Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309952. [PMID: 38389497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels possess unique features such as softness, wetness, responsiveness, and biocompatibility, making them highly suitable for biointegrated applications that have close interactions with living organisms. However, conventional man-made hydrogels are usually soft and brittle, making them inferior to the mechanically robust biological hydrogels. To ensure reliable and durable operation of biointegrated wearable and implantable devices, mechanical matching and shape adaptivity of hydrogels to tissues and organs are essential. Recent advances in polymer science and processing technologies have enabled mechanical engineering and shaping of hydrogels for various biointegrated applications. In this review, polymer network structuring strategies at micro/nanoscales for toughening hydrogels are summarized, and representative mechanical functionalities that exist in biological materials but are not easily achieved in synthetic hydrogels are further discussed. Three categories of processing technologies, namely, 3D printing, spinning, and coating for fabrication of tough hydrogel constructs with complex shapes are reviewed, and the corresponding hydrogel toughening strategies are also highlighted. These developments enable adaptive fabrication of mechanically robust and functional hydrogel devices, and promote application of hydrogels in the fields of biomedical engineering, bioelectronics, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - An-Quan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengle Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Li Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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20
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Wang W, Harimurti S, Inoue D, Nayeem MOG, Wang J, Okuda C, Hashizume D, Lee S, Fukuda K, Yokota T, Someya T. Janus Membrane-Based Wearable pH Sensor with Sweat Absorption, Gas Permeability, and Self-Adhesiveness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27065-27074. [PMID: 38748094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Wearable biomedical sensors have enabled noninvasive and continuous physiological monitoring for daily health management and early detection of chronic diseases. Among biomedical sensors, wearable pH sensors attracted significant interest, as pH influences most biological reactions. However, conformable pH sensors that have sweat absorption ability, are self-adhesive to the skin, and are gas permeable remain largely unexplored. In this study, we present a pioneering approach to this problem by developing a Janus membrane-based pH sensor with self-adhesiveness on the skin. The sensor is composed of a hydrophobic polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane porous hundreds nanometer-thick substrate and a hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylic acid) porous nanofiber layer. This Janus membrane exhibits a thickness of around 10 μm, providing a conformable adhesion to the skin. The simultaneous realization of solution absorption, gas permeability, and self-adhesiveness makes it suitable for long-term continuous monitoring without compromising the comfort of the wearer. The pH sensor was tested successfully for continuous monitoring for 7.5 h, demonstrating its potential for stable analysis of skin health conditions. The Janus membrane-based pH sensor holds significant promise for comprehensive skin health monitoring and wearable biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Suksmandhira Harimurti
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Md Osman Goni Nayeem
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chika Okuda
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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21
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Ghosh D, Coulter SM, Laverty G, Holland C, Doutch JJ, Vassalli M, Adams DJ. Metal Cross-Linked Supramolecular Gel Noodles: Structural Insights and Antibacterial Assessment. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3169-3177. [PMID: 38684138 PMCID: PMC11094724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Achieving precise control over gelator alignment and morphology is crucial for crafting tailored materials and supramolecular structures with distinct properties. We successfully aligned the self-assembled micelles formed by a functionalized dipeptide 2NapFF into long 1-D "gel noodles" by cross-linking with divalent metal chlorides. We identify the most effective cross-linker for alignment, enhancing mechanical stability, and imparting functional properties. Our study shows that Group 2 metal ions are particularly suited for creating mechanically robust yet flexible gel noodles because of their ionic and nondirectional bonding with carboxylate groups. In contrast, the covalent nature and high directional bonds of d-block metal ions with carboxylates tend to disrupt the self-assembly of 2NapFF. Furthermore, the 2NapFF-Cu noodles demonstrated selective antibacterial activity, indicating that the potent antibacterial property of the copper(II) ion is preserved within the cross-linked system. By merging insights into molecular alignment, gel extrusion processing, and integrating specific functionalities, we illustrate how the versatility of dipeptide-based gels can be utilized in creating next-generation soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ghosh
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Sophie M. Coulter
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast,
Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Garry Laverty
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast,
Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Chris Holland
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sheffield
University, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - James J. Doutch
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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22
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Honciuc A, Negru OI, Honciuc M. Interfacing Langmuir-Blodgett and Pickering Emulsions for the Synthesis of 2D Nanostructured Films: Applications in Copper Ion Adsorption. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:809. [PMID: 38727402 PMCID: PMC11085534 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This research focuses on developing a 2D thin film comprising a monolayer of silica nanoparticles functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI), achieved through a novel integration of Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) and Pickering emulsion techniques. The primary aim was to create a nanostructured film that exhibits dual functionality: iridescence and efficient metal ion adsorption, specifically Cu(II) ions. The methodology combined L-B and Pickering emulsion polymerization to assemble and stabilize a nanoparticle monolayer at an oil/water interface, which was then polymerized under UV radiation to form an asymmetrically structured film. The results demonstrate that the film possesses a high adsorption efficiency for Cu(II) ions, with the enhanced mechanical durability provided by a reinforcing layer of polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol. The advantage of combining L-B and Pickering emulsion technology is the ability to generate 2D films from functional nanoparticle monolayers that are sufficiently sturdy to be deployed in applications. The 2D film's practical applications in environmental remediation were confirmed through its ability to adsorb and recover Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions effectively. We thus demonstrate the film's potential as a versatile tool in water treatment applications owing to its combined photonic and adsorptive properties. This work paves the way for future research on the use of nanoengineered films in environmental and possibly photonic applications focusing on enhancing the film's structural robustness and exploring its broader applicability to other pollutants and metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Honciuc
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (O.-I.N.); (M.H.)
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23
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Yi Y, An HW, Wang H. Intelligent Biomaterialomics: Molecular Design, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305099. [PMID: 37490938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Materialomics integrates experiment, theory, and computation in a high-throughput manner, and has changed the paradigm for the research and development of new functional materials. Recently, with the rapid development of high-throughput characterization and machine-learning technologies, the establishment of biomaterialomics that tackles complex physiological behaviors has become accessible. Breakthroughs in the clinical translation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics and vaccines have been observed. Herein, recent advances in biomaterials, including polymers, lipid-like materials, and peptides/proteins, discovered through high-throughput screening or machine learning-assisted methods, are summarized. The molecular design of structure-diversified libraries; high-throughput characterization, screening, and preparation; and, their applications in drug delivery and clinical translation are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the prospects and main challenges in future biomaterialomics and high-throughput screening development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Hwang S, Jang D, Kim H, Kwak J, Chung S. 3D-Printed Soft Temperature Sensors Based on Thermoelectric Effects for Fast Mapping of Localized Temperature Distributions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38691640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We propose a novel design of thermoelectric (TE) effect-based soft temperature sensors for directly monitoring localized subtle temperature stimuli. This design integrates rheology-engineered three-dimensional (3D) printing of high-performance carbon-based TE materials and polymer-based viscoelastic materials with low thermal conductivity. Rheological engineering of carbon nanotube (CNT) TE inks ensures the 3D printing of highly sensitive TE sensing units on directly written 3D soft platforms. Additionally, we pre-dope CNT inks with p- and n-type organic dopants to achieve high sensitivity and a fast response to temperature changes. The introduced 3D soft platforms with low thermal conductivity lead to an efficient thermal gradient on TE sensing units in the out-of-plane direction. Furthermore, encapsulating the temperature sensor array with the same polymer-based materials as the 3D soft platforms facilitates independent detection of localized temperature stimuli by minimizing thermal interaction between sensing units, resulting in precise temperature mapping by localized detection. Our 3D-printed soft temperature sensors exhibit high sensitivity to relatively small temperature changes, with a minimum sensing resolution of 0.1 K within tens of milliseconds. Moreover, the temperature sensor array not only detects localized temperature stimuli by imaging the temperature distribution but also demonstrates remarkable mechanical reliability against repetitive deformation with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwon Hwang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Doojoon Jang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center and Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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25
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Bao B, Zhang S, Li H, Cui W, Guo K, Zhang Y, Yang K, Liu S, Tong Y, Zhu J, Lin Y, Xu H, Yang H, Cheng X, Cheng H. Intelligence Sparse Sensor Network for Automatic Early Evaluation of General Movements in Infants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306025. [PMID: 38445881 PMCID: PMC11109618 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
General movements (GMs) have been widely used for the early clinical evaluation of infant brain development, allowing immediate evaluation of potential development disorders and timely rehabilitation. The infants' general movements can be captured digitally, but the lack of quantitative assessment and well-trained clinical pediatricians presents an obstacle for many years to achieve wider deployment, especially in low-resource settings. There is a high potential to explore wearable sensors for movement analysis due to outstanding privacy, low cost, and easy-to-use features. This work presents a sparse sensor network with soft wireless IMU devices (SWDs) for automatic early evaluation of general movements in infants. The sparse network consisting of only five sensor nodes (SWDs) with robust mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility continuously and stably captures full-body motion data. The proof-of-the-concept clinical testing with 23 infants showcases outstanding performance in recognizing neonatal activities, confirming the reliability of the system. Taken together with a tiny machine learning algorithm, the system can automatically identify risky infants based on the GMs, with an accuracy of up to 100% (99.9%). The wearable sparse sensor network with an artificial intelligence-based algorithm facilitates intelligent evaluation of infant brain development and early diagnosis of development disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benkun Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Senhao Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Honghua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021P. R. China
| | - Weidong Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Kerong Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- School of Material and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Material and EnergyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Huanlan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215025P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Xiankai Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou)Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceSuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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26
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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27
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Yang G, Hu Y, Guo W, Lei W, Liu W, Guo G, Geng C, Liu Y, Wu H. Tunable Hydrogel Electronics for Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308831. [PMID: 37906182 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy characterized by rapidly increasing numbers of patients is commonly diagnosed via analyzing electromyography signals obtained from stimulation-recording devices. However, existing commercial electrodes have difficulty in implementing conformal contact with skin and gentle detachment, dramatically impairing stimulation/recording performances. Here, this work develops on-skin patches with polyaspartic acid-modified dopamine/ethyl-based ionic liquid hydrogel (PDEH) as stimulation/recording devices to capture electromyography signals for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. Triggered by a one-step electric field treatment, the hydrogel achieves rapid and wide-range regulation of adhesion and substantially strengthened mechanical performances. Moreover, hydrogel patches assembled with a silver-liquid metal (SLM) layer exhibit superior charge injection and low contact impedance, capable of capturing high-fidelity electromyography. This work further verifies the feasibility of hydrogel devices for accurate diagnoses of peripheral neuropathy in sensory, motor, and mixed nerves. For various body parts, such as fingers, the elderly's loose skin, hairy skin, and children's fragile skin, this work regulates the adhesion of PDEH-SLM devices to establish intimate device/skin interfaces or ensure benign removal. Noticeably, hydrogel patches achieve precise diagnoses of nerve injuries in these clinical cases while providing extra advantages of more effective stimulation/recording performances. These patches offer a promising alternative for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of neuropathy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganguang Yang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yijia Hu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guojun Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - ChaoFan Geng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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28
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Dutta T, Chaturvedi P, Llamas-Garro I, Velázquez-González JS, Dubey R, Mishra SK. Smart materials for flexible electronics and devices: hydrogel. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12984-13004. [PMID: 38655485 PMCID: PMC11033831 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, flexible conductive materials have attracted considerable attention for their potential use in flexible energy storage devices, touch panels, sensors, memristors, and other applications. The outstanding flexibility, electricity, and tunable mechanical properties of hydrogels make them ideal conductive materials for flexible electronic devices. Various synthetic strategies have been developed to produce conductive and environmentally friendly hydrogels for high-performance flexible electronics. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art applications of hydrogels in flexible electronics, such as energy storage, touch panels, memristor devices, and sensors like temperature, gas, humidity, chemical, strain, and textile sensors, and the latest synthesis methods of hydrogels. Describe the process of fabricating sensors as well. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future research avenues for flexible and portable electronic devices based on hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taposhree Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah W.B. - 711103 India
| | - Pavan Chaturvedi
- Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University 3414 Murphy Rd, Apt#4 Nashville TN-37203 USA +575-650-4595
| | - Ignacio Llamas-Garro
- Navigation and Positioning Research Unit, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels Spain
| | | | - Rakesh Dubey
- Instiute of Physics, University of Szczecin Poland
| | - Satyendra Kumar Mishra
- Space and Reslinent Research Unit, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels Spain
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29
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You Z, Zhao M, Lu H, Chen H, Wang Y. Eye-Readable and Wearable Colorimetric Sensor Arrays for In Situ Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19359-19368. [PMID: 38568140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors utilize changes in color as a response to physiological stimuli, making them easily recognizable by the naked eye. These colorimetric wearable sensors offer benefits such as easy readability, rapid responsiveness, cost-effectiveness, and straightforward manufacturing techniques. However, their applications in detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in situ have been limited due to the low concentration of complex VOCs and complicated external interferences. Aiming to address these challenges, we introduced readable and wearable colorimetric sensing arrays with a microchannel structure and highly gas-sensitive materials for in situ detection of complex VOCs. The highly gas-sensitive materials were designed by loading gas-sensitive dyes into the porous metal-organic frameworks and further depositing the composites on the electrospun nanofiber membrane. The colorimetric sensor arrays were fabricated using various gas-sensitive composites, including eight dye/MOF composites that respond to various VOCs and two Pd2+/dye/MOF composites that respond to ethylene. This enables the specific recognition of multiple characteristic VOCs. A microfluidic channel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was integrated with different colorimetric elements to create a wearable sensor array. It was attached to the surface of fruits to collect and monitor VOCs using the DenseNet classification method. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the feasibility of the wearable sensing system in monitoring the ripening process of fruits by continuously measuring the VOC emissions from the skin of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng You
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huizi Lu
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huayun Chen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yixian Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
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30
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Imani KBC, Dodda JM, Yoon J, Torres FG, Imran AB, Deen GR, Al‐Ansari R. Seamless Integration of Conducting Hydrogels in Daily Life: From Preparation to Wearable Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306784. [PMID: 38240470 PMCID: PMC10987148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have received significant attention for use in wearable devices because they retain their softness and flexibility while maintaining high conductivity. CHs are well suited for applications in skin-contact electronics and biomedical devices owing to their high biocompatibility and conformality. Although highly conductive hydrogels for smart wearable devices are extensively researched, a detailed summary of the outstanding results of CHs is required for a comprehensive understanding. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation and fabrication of CHs is summarized for smart wearable devices. Improvements in the mechanical, electrical, and functional properties of high-performance wearable devices are also discussed. Furthermore, recent examples of innovative and highly functional devices based on CHs that can be seamlessly integrated into daily lives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Betha Cahaya Imani
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies – Research Centre (NTC)University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8Pilsen301 00Czech Republic
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. Av. Universitaria 1801Lima15088Peru
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of ChemistryBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh
| | - G. Roshan Deen
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Renad Al‐Ansari
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
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31
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Rao Y, Lu N. The wearable electronic patch that's impervious to sweat. Nature 2024; 628:39-40. [PMID: 38538887 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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32
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Alam F, Ashfaq Ahmed M, Jalal AH, Siddiquee I, Adury RZ, Hossain GMM, Pala N. Recent Progress and Challenges of Implantable Biodegradable Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:475. [PMID: 38675286 PMCID: PMC11051912 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Implantable biosensors have evolved to the cutting-edge technology of personalized health care and provide promise for future directions in precision medicine. This is the reason why these devices stand to revolutionize our approach to health and disease management and offer insights into our bodily functions in ways that have never been possible before. This review article tries to delve into the important developments, new materials, and multifarious applications of these biosensors, along with a frank discussion on the challenges that the devices will face in their clinical deployment. In addition, techniques that have been employed for the improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensors alike are focused on in this article, like new biomarkers and advanced computational and data communicational models. A significant challenge of miniaturized in situ implants is that they need to be removed after serving their purpose. Surgical expulsion provokes discomfort to patients, potentially leading to post-operative complications. Therefore, the biodegradability of implants is an alternative method for removal through natural biological processes. This includes biocompatible materials to develop sensors that remain in the body over longer periods with a much-reduced immune response and better device longevity. However, the biodegradability of implantable sensors is still in its infancy compared to conventional non-biodegradable ones. Sensor design, morphology, fabrication, power, electronics, and data transmission all play a pivotal role in developing medically approved implantable biodegradable biosensors. Advanced material science and nanotechnology extended the capacity of different research groups to implement novel courses of action to design implantable and biodegradable sensor components. But the actualization of such potential for the transformative nature of the health sector, in the first place, will have to surmount the challenges related to biofouling, managing power, guaranteeing data security, and meeting today's rules and regulations. Solving these problems will, therefore, not only enhance the performance and reliability of implantable biodegradable biosensors but also facilitate the translation of laboratory development into clinics, serving patients worldwide in their better disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | | | - Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Ishrak Siddiquee
- Institute of Microsystems Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten, 3184 Vestfold, Norway;
| | - Rabeya Zinnat Adury
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - G M Mehedi Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
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33
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Monkrathok J, Janphuang P, Suphachiaraphan S, Kampaengsri S, Kamkaew A, Chansaenpak K, Lisnund S, Blay V, Pinyou P. Enhancing Glucose Biosensing with Graphene Oxide and Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine). BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:161. [PMID: 38667154 PMCID: PMC11048651 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We designed and optimized a glucose biosensor system based on a screen-printed electrode modified with the NAD-GDH enzyme. To enhance the electroactive surface area and improve the electron transfer efficiency, we introduced graphene oxide (GO) and ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI-Fc) onto the biosensor surface. This strategic modification exploits the electrostatic interaction between graphene oxide, which possesses a negative charge, and LPEI-Fc, which is positively charged. This interaction results in increased catalytic current during glucose oxidation and helps improve the overall glucose detection sensitivity by amperometry. We integrated the developed glucose sensor into a flow injection (FI) system. This integration facilitates a swift and reproducible detection of glucose, and it also mitigates the risk of contamination during the analyses. The incorporation of an FI system improves the efficiency of the biosensor, ensuring precise and reliable results in a short time. The proposed sensor was operated at a constant applied potential of 0.35 V. After optimizing the system, a linear calibration curve was obtained for the concentration range of 1.0-40 mM (R2 = 0.986). The FI system was successfully applied to determine the glucose content of a commercial sports drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirawan Monkrathok
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.M.); (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Pattanaphong Janphuang
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Somphong Suphachiaraphan
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sastiya Kampaengsri
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.M.); (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.M.); (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sireerat Lisnund
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Suranarai Rd., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Vincent Blay
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Piyanut Pinyou
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.M.); (S.K.); (A.K.)
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Li H, Tan P, Rao Y, Bhattacharya S, Wang Z, Kim S, Gangopadhyay S, Shi H, Jankovic M, Huh H, Li Z, Maharjan P, Wells J, Jeong H, Jia Y, Lu N. E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3220-3283. [PMID: 38465831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human-machine or human-metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbian Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarnab Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zheliang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sangjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Susmita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matija Jankovic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heeyong Huh
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pukar Maharjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaoyao Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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35
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Lin B, Sun T, Hui J, Zhou L, Xing Z, Wu Z, Mao H. Monitoring of Sweat Ions and Physiological Parameters via a Reconfigurable Modular System. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1272-1279. [PMID: 38265266 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by enabling continuous, real-time tracking of human health and performance. These noninvasive devices are usually designed to monitor human physical state and biochemical markers. However, enhancing their functionalities often demands intricate customization by designers and additional expenses for users. Here, we present a strategy using assembled modular circuits to customize health monitoring wearables. The modular circuits can be effortlessly reconfigured to meet various specific requirements, facilitating the incorporation of diverse functions at a lower cost. To validate this approach, modular circuits were employed to develop four distinct systems for in vitro evaluations. These systems enabled the detection of sweat biomarkers and physical signals under various scenarios, including sedentary state, exercise, and daily activities with or without incorporating iontophoresis to induce sweat. Four key sweat markers (K+, Ca2+, Na+, and pH) and three essential physical indicators (heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and skin temperature) are selected as the detection targets. Commercial methods were also used to evaluate the potential for effective health monitoring with our technique. This reconfigurable modular wearable (ReModuWear) system promises to provide more easy-to-use and comprehensive health assessments. Additionally, it may contribute to environmental sustainability by reusing modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Lin Gang Laboratory, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Huang X, Yao C, Huang S, Zheng S, Liu Z, Liu J, Wang J, Chen HJ, Xie X. Technological Advances of Wearable Device for Continuous Monitoring of In Vivo Glucose. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1065-1088. [PMID: 38427378 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Managing diabetes is a chronic challenge today, requiring monitoring and timely insulin injections to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Traditional clinical testing relies on fingertip or venous blood collection, which has facilitated the emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology to address data limitations. Continuous glucose monitoring technology is recognized for tracking long-term blood glucose fluctuations, and its development, particularly in wearable devices, has given rise to compact and portable continuous glucose monitoring devices, which facilitates the measurement of blood glucose and adjustment of medication. This review introduces the development of wearable CGM-based technologies, including noninvasive methods using body fluids and invasive methods using implantable electrodes. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed as well as the use of microneedle arrays in minimally invasive CGM. Microneedle arrays allow for painless transdermal puncture and are expected to facilitate the development of wearable CGM devices. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities and look forward to the biomedical applications and future directions of wearable CGM-based technologies in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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37
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He X, Cui Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Tu J, Cao J, Wang J, Qiao Y, Xi P, Xu T, Chen X, Zhang X. Multiscale Heterogeneities-Based Piezoresistive Interfaces with Ultralow Detection Limitation and Adaptively Switchable Pressure Detectability. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8296-8306. [PMID: 38452476 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical compliance and electrical enhancement are crucial for pressure sensors to promote performances when perceiving external stimuli. Here we propose a bioinspired multiscale heterogeneity-based interface to adaptively regulate its structure layout and switch to desirable piezoresistive behaviors with ultralow detection limitation. In such a multiscale heterogeneities system, the micro-/nanoscale spiny Ag-MnO2 heterostructure contributes to an ultralow detection limitation of 0.008 Pa and can perceive minor pressure increments under preloads with high resolution (0.0083%). The macroscale heterogeneous orientation of the cellular backbone enables anisotropic deformation, allowing the sensor to switch to rational sensitivity and working range (e.g., 580 kPa-1 for 0-20 kPa/54 kPa-1 for 60-140 kPa) as required. The sensor's stepwise activation progresses from the micro-/nanoscale heterostructure to the macroscale heterogeneous orientation, which can adaptively match diverse sensing tasks in complex applications scenarios. This multiscale heterogeneous and switchable design holds immense potential in the development of intelligent electromechanical devices, including wearable sensors, soft robotics, and smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng He
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinwei Cao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Qiao
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pengxu Xi
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xueji Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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38
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Qi J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Wang S, Rao Q, Jiang X. Liquid Metal-Polymer Conductor-Based Conformal Cyborg Devices. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2081-2137. [PMID: 38393351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) exhibits exceptional properties such as high conductivity and biocompatibility, rendering it highly valuable for the development of conformal bioelectronics. When combined with polymers, liquid metal-polymer conductors (MPC) offer a versatile platform for fabricating conformal cyborg devices, enabling functions such as sensing, restoration, and augmentation within the human body. This review focuses on the synthesis, fabrication, and application of MPC-based cyborg devices. The synthesis of functional materials based on LM and the fabrication techniques for MPC-based devices are elucidated. The review provides a comprehensive overview of MPC-based cyborg devices, encompassing their applications in sensing diverse signals, therapeutic interventions, and augmentation. The objective of this review is to serve as a valuable resource that bridges the gap between the fabrication of MPC-based conformal devices and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Saijie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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39
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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40
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Seva S, Rorem B, Chinnathambi K, Estrada D, Guo LJ, Subbaraman H. Nozzle-Free Printing of CNT Electronics Using Laser-Generated Focused Ultrasound. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301596. [PMID: 38470204 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Printed electronics have made remarkable progress in recent years and inkjet printing (IJP) has emerged as one of the leading methods for fabricating printed electronic devices. However, challenges such as nozzle clogging, and strict ink formulation constraints have limited their widespread use. To address this issue, a novel nozzle-free printing technology is explored, which is enabled by laser-generated focused ultrasound, as a potential alternative printing modality called Shock-wave Jet Printing (SJP). Specifically, the performance of SJP-printed and IJP-printed bottom-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) is compared. While IJP required ten print passes to achieve fully functional devices with channel dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, SJP achieved comparable performance with just a single pass. For optimized devices, SJP demonstrated six times higher maximum mobility than IJP-printed devices. Furthermore, the advantages of nozzle-free printing are evident, as SJP successfully printed stored and unsonicated inks, delivering moderate electrical performance, whereas IJP suffered from nozzle clogging due to CNT agglomeration. Moreover, SJP can print significantly longer CNTs, spanning the entire range of tube lengths of commercially available CNT ink. The findings from this study contribute to the advancement of nanomaterial printing, ink formulation, and the development of cost-effective printable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seva
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Benjamin Rorem
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karthik Chinnathambi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Harish Subbaraman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 110 SW Park Terrace Pl, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Niu J, Lin S, Chen D, Wang Z, Cao C, Gao A, Cui S, Liu Y, Hong Y, Zhi X, Cui D. A Fully Elastic Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Detection System of Tree-Bionic Microfluidic Structure for Real-Time Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306769. [PMID: 37932007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Fresh sweat contains a diverse range of physiological indicators that can effectively reflect changes in the body. However, existing wearable sweat detection systems face challenges in efficiently collecting and detecting fresh sweat in real-time. Additionally, they often lack the necessary deformation capabilities, resulting in discomfort for the wearer. Here, a fully elastic wearable electrochemical sweat detection system is developed that integrates a sweat-collecting microfluidic chip, a multi-parameter electrochemical sensor, a micro-heater, and a sweat detection elastic circuit board system. The unique tree-bionic structure of the microfluidic chip significantly enhances the efficiency of fresh sweat collection and discharge, enabling real-time detection by the electrochemical sensors. The sweat multi-parameter electrochemical sensor offers high-precision and high-sensitivity measurements of sodium ions, potassium ions, lactate, and glucose. The electronic system is built on an elastic circuit board that matches perfectly to wrinkled skin, ensuring improved wearing comfort and enabling multi-channel data sampling, processing, and wireless transmission. This state-of-the-art system represents a significant advancement in the field of elastic wearable sweat detection and holds promising potential for extending its capabilities to the detection of other sweat markers or various wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Niu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Hong
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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42
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Shin JH, Choi JY, June K, Choi H, Kim TI. Polymeric Conductive Adhesive-Based Ultrathin Epidermal Electrodes for Long-Term Monitoring of Electrophysiological Signals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313157. [PMID: 38421078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiology, exploring vital electrical phenomena in living organisms, anticipates broader integration into daily life through wearable devices and epidermal electrodes. However, addressing the challenges of the electrode durability and motion artifacts is essential to enable continuous and long-term biopotential signal monitoring, presenting a hurdle for its seamless implementation in daily life. To address these challenges, an ultrathin polymeric conductive adhesive, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)/polyvinyl alcohol/d-sorbitol (PPd) electrode with enhanced adhesion, stretchability, and skin conformability, is presented. The skin conformability and stability of electrodes is designed by theoretical criteria obtained by mechanical analysis. Thus, impedance stability is obtained over 1-week of daily life, and the PPd electrode addresses the challenges related to durability during prolonged usage. Proving stability in electromyography (EMG) signals during high-intensity exercise, the wireless PPd measurement system exhibits high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals even in situations involving significant and repetitive skin deformation. Throughout continuous 1 week-long electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in daily life, the system consistently preserves signal quality, underscoring the heightened durability and applicability of the PPd measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonuk June
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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43
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Saha T, Mukherjee S, Dickey MD, Velev OD. Harvesting and manipulating sweat and interstitial fluid in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1244-1265. [PMID: 38197332 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices began to be used to facilitate sweat and interstitial fluid (ISF) sensing in the mid-2010s. Since then, numerous prototypes involving microfluidics have been developed in different form factors for sensing biomarkers found in these fluids under in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (on-body) settings. These devices transport and manipulate biofluids using microfluidic channels composed of silicone, polymer, paper, or fiber. Fluid flow transport and sample management can be achieved by controlling the flow rate, surface morphology of the channel, and rate of fluid evaporation. Although many devices have been developed for estimating sweat rate, electrolyte, and metabolite levels, only a handful have been able to proceed beyond laboratory testing and reach the stage of clinical trials and commercialization. To further this technology, this review reports on the utilization of microfluidics towards sweat and ISF management and transport. The review is distinguished from other recent reviews by focusing on microfluidic principles of sweat and ISF generation, transport, extraction, and management. Challenges and prospects are highlighted, with a discussion on how to transition such prototypes towards personalized healthcare monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamoghna Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Sneha Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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44
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Zhao Y, Hu H, Huang Y, Liu H, Yan C, Xu C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Xu Q. Elasticity-controlled jamming criticality in soft composite solids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1691. [PMID: 38402229 PMCID: PMC10894283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft composite solids are made of inclusions dispersed within soft matrices. They are ubiquitous in nature and form the basis of many biological tissues. In the field of materials science, synthetic soft composites are promising candidates for building various engineering devices due to their highly programmable features. However, when the volume fraction of the inclusions increases, predicting the mechanical properties of these materials poses a significant challenge for the classical theories of composite mechanics. The difficulty arises from the inherently disordered, multi-scale interactions between the inclusions and the matrix. To address this challenge, we systematically investigated the mechanics of densely filled soft elastomers containing stiff microspheres. We experimentally demonstrate how the strain-stiffening response of the soft composites is governed by the critical scalings in the vicinity of a shear-jamming transition of the included particles. The proposed criticality framework quantitatively connects the overall mechanics of a soft composite with the elasticity of the matrix and the particles, and captures the diverse mechanical responses observed across a wide range of material parameters. The findings uncover a novel design paradigm of composite mechanics that relies on engineering the jamming properties of the embedded inclusions.
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Grants
- Early Career Scheme (No. 26309620) Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- General Research Fund (No. 16307422) Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- Collaborative Research Fund No. C6008-20E Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- PDFS2324-6S02 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- No. 16300221 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- Asian Science and Technology Pioneering Institutes of Research and Educational League (No. ASPIRE2021#1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulu Huang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Caishan Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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45
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Hong S, Park T, Lee J, Ji Y, Walsh J, Yu T, Park JY, Lim J, Benito Alston C, Solorio L, Lee H, Kim YL, Kim DR, Lee CH. Rapid Self-Healing Hydrogel with Ultralow Electrical Hysteresis for Wearable Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:662-673. [PMID: 38300847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels are in high demand for wearable sensing applications due to their remarkable deformability, high ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness to human skin, as well as resilience to both mechanical and electrical damage. However, these hydrogels face challenges such as delayed healing times and unavoidable electrical hysteresis, which limit their practical effectiveness. Here, we introduce a self-healing hydrogel that exhibits exceptionally rapid healing with a recovery time of less than 0.12 s and an ultralow electrical hysteresis of less than 0.64% under cyclic strains of up to 500%. This hydrogel strikes an ideal balance, without notable trade-offs, between properties such as softness, deformability, ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness, response and recovery times, durability, overshoot behavior, and resistance to nonaxial deformations such as twisting, bending, and pressing. Owing to this unique combination of features, the hydrogel is highly suitable for long-term, durable use in wearable sensing applications, including monitoring body movements and electrophysiological activities on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokkyoon Hong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taewoong Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Junsang Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Ji
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Walsh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tianhao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae Young Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Claudia Benito Alston
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dong Rip Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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46
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Zhang P, Zhu B, Du P, Travas-Sejdic J. Electrochemical and Electrical Biosensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:722-767. [PMID: 38157565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices are designed to translate biological information into electrical signals and vice versa, thereby bridging the gap between the living biological world and electronic systems. Among different types of bioelectronics devices, wearable and implantable biosensors are particularly important as they offer access to the physiological and biochemical activities of tissues and organs, which is significant in diagnosing and researching various medical conditions. Organic conducting and semiconducting materials, including conducting polymers (CPs) and graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are some of the most promising candidates for wearable and implantable biosensors. Their unique electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties bring new possibilities to bioelectronics that could not be realized by utilizing metals- or silicon-based analogues. The use of organic- and carbon-based conductors in the development of wearable and implantable biosensors has emerged as a rapidly growing research field, with remarkable progress being made in recent years. The use of such materials addresses the issue of mismatched properties between biological tissues and electronic devices, as well as the improvement in the accuracy and fidelity of the transferred information. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in this field and provide insights into organic and carbon-based (semi)conducting materials' properties and relate these to their applications in wearable/implantable biosensors. We also provide a perspective on the promising potential and exciting future developments of wearable/implantable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikai Zhang
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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47
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Hu Z, Lu W, Zheng Y, Liu J, Haick H, Bu L. Facile Graphene Oxide Modification Method via Hydroxyl-yne Click Reaction for Ultrasensitive and Ultrawide Monitoring Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6198-6207. [PMID: 38276960 PMCID: PMC10859893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the durability and functionality of existing materials through sustainable pathways and appropriate structural design represents a time- and cost-effective strategy for the development of advanced wearable devices. Herein, a facile graphene oxide (GO) modification method via the hydroxyl-yne click reaction is present for the first time. By the click coupling between propiolate esters and hydroxyl groups on GO under mild conditions, various functional molecules are successfully grafted onto the GO. The modified GO is characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, XPS, and contact angle, proving significantly improved dispersibility in various solvents. Besides the high efficiency, high selectivity, and mild reaction conditions, this method is highly practical and accessible, avoiding the need for prefunctionalizations, metals, or toxic reagents. Subsequently, a rGO-PDMS sponge-based piezoresistive sensor developed by modified GO-P2 as the sensitive material exhibits impressive performance: high sensitivity (335 kPa-1, 0.8-150 kPa), wide linear range (>500 kPa), low detection limit (0.8 kPa), and long-lasting durability (>5000 cycles). Various practical applications have been demonstrated, including body joint movement recognition and real-time monitoring of subtle movements. These results prove the practicality of the methodology and make the rGO-PDMS sponge-based pressure sensor a real candidate for a wide array of wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hu
- School
of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials
and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Key Laboratory of
Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Wanlong Lu
- School
of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials
and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Key Laboratory of
Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Instrumental
Analysis Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Laju Bu
- School
of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials
and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Key Laboratory of
Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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48
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Namkoong M, McMurray J, Branan K, Hernandez J, Gandhi M, Ida-Oze S, Cote G, Tian L. Contact pressure-guided wearable dual-channel bioimpedance device for continuous hemodynamic monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2024; 9:2301407. [PMID: 38665229 PMCID: PMC11044990 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices for continuous monitoring of arterial pulse waves have the potential to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiovascular diseases. These pulse wave signals are often affected by the contact pressure between the wearable device and the skin, limiting the accuracy and reliability of hemodynamic parameter quantification. Here, we report a continuous hemodynamic monitoring device that enables the simultaneous recording of dual-channel bioimpedance and quantification of pulse wave velocity (PWV) used to calculate blood pressure (BP). Our investigations demonstrate the effect of contact pressure on bioimpedance and PWV. The pulsatile bioimpedance magnitude reached its maximum when the contact pressure approximated the mean arterial pressure of the subject. We employed PWV to continuously quantify BP while maintaining comfortable contact pressure for prolonged wear. The mean absolute error and standard deviation of the error compared to the reference value were determined to be 0.1 ± 3.3 mmHg for systolic BP, 1.3 ± 3.7 mmHg for diastolic BP, and -0.4 ± 3.0 mmHg for mean arterial pressure when measurements were conducted in the lying down position. This research demonstrates the potential of wearable dual-bioimpedance sensors with contact pressure guidance for reliable and continuous hemodynamic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Namkoong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Justin McMurray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kimberly Branan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joanna Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mishika Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Samuel Ida-Oze
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gerard Cote
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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49
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Xu C, Song Y, Sempionatto JR, Solomon SA, Yu Y, Nyein HYY, Tay RY, Li J, Heng W, Min J, Lao A, Hsiai TK, Sumner JA, Gao W. A physicochemical-sensing electronic skin for stress response monitoring. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2024; 7:168-179. [PMID: 38433871 PMCID: PMC10906959 DOI: 10.1038/s41928-023-01116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Approaches to quantify stress responses typically rely on subjective surveys and questionnaires. Wearable sensors can potentially be used to continuously monitor stress-relevant biomarkers. However, the biological stress response is spread across the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, and the capabilities of current sensors are not sufficient for condition-specific stress response evaluation. Here we report an electronic skin for stress response assessment that non-invasively monitors three vital signs (pulse waveform, galvanic skin response and skin temperature) and six molecular biomarkers in human sweat (glucose, lactate, uric acid, sodium ions, potassium ions and ammonium). We develop a general approach to prepare electrochemical sensors that relies on analogous composite materials for stabilizing and conserving sensor interfaces. The resulting sensors offer long-term sweat biomarker analysis of over 100 hours with high stability. We show that the electronic skin can provide continuous multimodal physicochemical monitoring over a 24-hour period and during different daily activities. With the help of a machine learning pipeline, we also show that the platform can differentiate three stressors with an accuracy of 98.0%, and quantify psychological stress responses with a confidence level of 98.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu Song
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - You Yu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hnin Y. Y. Nyein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roland Yingjie Tay
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Li
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alison Lao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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50
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Wang Z, Cai Q, Lu L, Levkin PA. High-Performance Pressure Sensors Based on Shaped Gel Droplet Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305214. [PMID: 37726228 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer gel-based pressure sensors offer numerous advantages over traditional sensing technologies, including excellent conformability and integration into wearable devices. However, challenges persist in terms of their performance and manufacturing technology. In this study, a method for fabricating gel pressure sensors using a hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned surface is introduced. By shaping and fine-tuning the droplets of the polymer gel prepolymerization solution on the patterned surface, remarkable sensitivity improvements compared to unshaped hydrogels have been achieved. This also showcased the potential for tailoring gel pressure sensors to different applications. By optimizing the configuration of the sensor array, an uneven conductive gel array is fabricated, which exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.29 kPa-1 in the pressure range of 0-30 kPa, while maintaining a sensitivity of 0.13 kPa-1 from 30 kPa up to 100 kPa. Furthermore, the feasibility of using these sensors for human motion monitoring is explored and a conductive gel array for 2D force detection is successfully developed. This efficient and scalable fabrication method holds promise for advancing pressure sensor technology and offers exciting prospects for various industries and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qianyu Cai
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lutong Lu
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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