1
|
Li X, Wang W, Yang S, Cheng Y, Zeng L, Yu X, Lu S, Liu Y, Hu M, Xie S, Huang X, Zhou J, Shi L, Xu H, Lin S, Liu H, Feng M, Song D, Tan Q, Zhang Y. Ozone sensitivity regimes vary at different heights in the planetary boundary layer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173712. [PMID: 38830412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity of tropospheric ozone (O3) to its precursors volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) determines the emission reduction strategy for O3 mitigation. Due to the lack of comprehensive vertical measurements of VOCs, the vertical distribution of O3 sensitivity regimes has not been well understood. O3 precursor sensitivity determined by ground-level measurements has been generally used to guide O3 control strategy. Here, to precisely diagnose O3 sensitivity regimes at different heights in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), we developed a vertical measurement system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle platform to conduct comprehensive vertical measurements of VOCs, NOX and other relevant parameters. Our results suggest that the O3 precursor sensitivity shifts from a VOC-limited regime at the ground to a NOX-limited regime at upper layers, indicating that the ground-level O3 sensitivity cannot represent the situation of the whole PBL. We also found that the state-of-the-art photochemical model tends to underestimate oxygenated VOCs at upper layers, resulting in overestimation of the degree of VOCs-limited regime. Therefore, thorough vertical measurements of VOCs to accurately diagnose O3 precursor sensitivity is in urgent need for the development of effective O3 control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Suding Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuena Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sihua Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Environmental Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Quadrant Space (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Quadrant Space (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Quadrant Space (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Hefan Liu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Z, Li H, Zhang X, Mao Y, Wu Y, Liu W, Gao H, Zhang M, Song Z. Catalytic oxidation of toluene by manganese oxides: Effect of K + doping on oxygen vacancy. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:43-56. [PMID: 38527895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Alkali metal potassium was beneficial to the electronic regulation and structural stability of transition metal oxides. Herein, K ions were introduced into manganese oxides by different methods to improve the degradation efficiency of toluene. The results of activity experiments indicated that KMnO4-HT (HT: Hydrothermal method) exhibited outstanding low-temperature catalytic activity, and 90% conversion of toluene can be achieved at 243°C, which was 41°C and 43°C lower than that of KNO3-HT and Mn-HT, respectively. The largest specific surface area was observed on KMnO4-HT, facilitating the adsorption of toluene. The formation of cryptomelane structure over KMnO4-HT could contribute to higher content of Mn3+ and lattice oxygen (Olatt), excellent low-temperature reducibility, and high oxygen mobility, which could increase the catalytic performance. Furthermore, two distinct degradation pathways were inferred. Pathway Ⅰ (KMnO4-HT): toluene → benzyl → benzoic acid → carbonate → CO2 and H2O; Pathway ⅠⅠ (Mn-HT): toluene → benzyl alcohol → benzoic acid → phenol → maleic anhydride → CO2 and H2O. Fewer intermediates were detected on KMnO4-HT, indicating its stronger oxidation capacity of toluene, which was originated from the doping of K+ and the interaction between KOMn. More intermediates were observed on Mn-HT, which can be attributed to the weaker oxidation ability of pure Mn. The results indicated that the doping of K+ can improve the catalytic oxidation capacity of toluene, resulting in promoted degradation of intermediates during the oxidation of toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huang
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yanli Mao
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Yinghan Wu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Hongrun Gao
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Zhongxian Song
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chong K, Wang Y, Zheng M, Qu H, Zhang R, Lee YR, Ji Y, Huey LG, Fang H, Song W, Fang Z, Liu C, Gao Y, Tang J, Wang X. Observation-Based Diagnostics of Reactive Nitrogen Recycling through HONO Heterogenous Production: Divergent Implications for Ozone Production and Emission Control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11554-11567. [PMID: 38885439 PMCID: PMC11223480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding of nitrous acid (HONO) production is crucial to photochemical studies, especially in polluted environments like eastern China. In-situ measurements of gaseous and particulate compositions were conducted at a rural coastal site during the 2018 spring Ozone Photochemistry and Export from China Experiment (OPECE). This data set was applied to investigate the recycling of reactive nitrogen through daytime heterogeneous HONO production. Although HONO levels increase during agricultural burning, analysis of the observation data does not indicate more efficient HONO production by agricultural burning aerosols than other anthropogenic aerosols. Box and 1-D modeling analyses reveal the intrinsic relationships between nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate nitrate (pNO3), and nitric acid (HNO3), resulting in comparable agreement between observed and simulated HONO concentrations with any one of the three heterogeneous HONO production mechanisms, photosensitized NO2 conversion on aerosols, photolysis of pNO3, and conversion from HNO3. This finding underscores the uncertainties in the mechanistic understanding and quantitative parametrizations of daytime heterogeneous HONO production pathways. Furthermore, the implications for reactive nitrogen recycling, ozone (O3) production, and O3 control strategies vary greatly depending on the HONO production mechanism. On a regional scale, the conversion of HONO from pNO3 can drastically enhance O3 production, while the conversion from NO2 can reduce O3 sensitivity to NOx changes in polluted eastern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Chong
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mingming Zheng
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Hang Qu
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruixiong Zhang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Young Ro Lee
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yi Ji
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lewis Gregory Huey
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hua Fang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Song
- Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education
of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Yantai Institute
of Coast Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao W, You X, Gao A, Lin J, Wu M, Li A, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Assessment of ozone pollution on rice yield reduction and economic losses in Sichuan province during 2015-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124404. [PMID: 38908674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in surface ozone (O3) concentrations in the troposphere. Ozone pollution has significant adverse effects on ecosystems, human health, and climate change, particularly on crop growth and yield. This study utilized the observational hourly O3 data, cumulative O3 concentration over 40 ppb per h (AOT40), and the mean daytime 7-h O3 concentration (M7) to analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of relative yield losses (RYLs) and evaluate the yield reduction and economic losses of rice in Sichuan province from 2015 to 2020. The results indicated that the average O3 concentration during the growing rice season ranged from 55.4 to 69.3 μg/m3, with the highest O3 concentration observed in 2017, and the AOT40 ranged from 4.5 to 8.7 ppm h from 2015 to 2020. At the county level, the O3 concentration, AOT40, and the relative yield loss (RYL) of rice based on AOT40 exhibited clear spatiotemporal differences in Sichuan. The RYLs of AOT40 were 4.9-9.2% from 2015 to 2020. According to AOT40 and M7 metrics, the yield loss and economic losses attributed to O3 pollution amounted to 78.75-150.36 (9.74-21.54) ten thousand tons, and 2079.08-4149.89 (257.25-594.45) million Yuan, respectively. Rice yield and economic losses were relatively large in the Chengdu Plain, southern Sichuan, and northeast Sichuan. These findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of elevated surface O3 concentrations on rice crops. It is imperative to implement more stringent O3 reduction measures aimed at lowering O3 concentrations, enhancing rice quality, and safeguarding food security in Sichuan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Xi You
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Aifang Gao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Shanghai, 200438, China; Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Lin
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Michuan Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Zhijuan Gao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Environment and Health Research Base of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shijiazhuang), Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu L, Wang P, Zhang Q, Ren H, Shi Z, Hu W, Chen J, Xie Q, Li L, Yue S, Wei L, Song L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen S, Wei W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Kong S, Ge B, Yang T, Fang Y, Ren L, Deng J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu J, Liu CQ, Harrison RM, Ying Q, Fu P. Dominant contribution of combustion-related ammonium during haze pollution in Beijing. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:978-987. [PMID: 38242834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol ammonium (NH4+), mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia (NH3) with acids in the atmosphere, has significant impacts on air pollution, radiative forcing, and human health. Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH4+ can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements. However, the sources of NH3 in urban areas are not well understood, and few studies focus on NH3/NH4+ at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH4+. In this study, we perform both field observation and modeling studies (the Community Multiscale Air Quality, CMAQ) to investigate regional NH3 emission sources and vertically resolved NH4+ formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing. Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH3 emissions, including fossil fuel sources, NH3 slip, and biomass burning, are important sources of aerosol NH4+ with more than 60% contribution occurring on heavily polluted days. In contrast, volatilization-related NH3 sources (livestock breeding, N-fertilizer application, and human waste) are dominant on clean days. Combustion-related NH3 is mostly local from Beijing, and biomass burning is likely an important NH3 source (∼15%-20%) that was previously overlooked. More effective control strategies such as the two-product (e.g., reducing both SO2 and NH3) control policy should be considered to improve air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He Y, Qiu H, Wang W, Lin Y, Ho KF. Exposure to BTEX is associated with cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and leukocytosis in national US population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170639. [PMID: 38316304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive research on the effects of individual benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and their mixture measured in blood samples, on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related risk factors among the general population is limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of blood individual and mixed BTEX on total CVD and its subtypes, lipid profiles, and white blood cell (WBC) count. METHODS Survey-weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations between blood individual and mixed BTEX with CVD and its subtypes in 17,007 participants from NHANES 1999-2018. The combined effect of BTEX mixture on CVD was estimated using weighted quantile sum modeling and quantile g-computation. Weighted multivariate linear regression assessed the effects of BTEX on lipid profiles and WBC, including its five-part differential count. RESULTS In comparison to the reference quartile of BTEX mixture, individuals in the highest quartile had a significantly increased adjusted odds ratio of CVD risk (1.64, 95 % CI: 1.23 to 2.19, P for trend = 0.008). Positive associations were observed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-/p-xylene, demonstrating a monotonically increasing exposure-response relationship. Mixed BTEX was associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), angina pectoris, and heart attack. Individual benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene were associated with CHF, while toluene, ethylbenzene, and all xylene isomers were linked to angina pectoris. Benzene, toluene, and o-xylene were associated with heart attack. Both mixed and individual BTEX showed positive associations with triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and WBC, including its five-part differential count, but a negative relationship with high-density lipoprotein. Subgroup analyses identified modifying effects of smoking, drinking, exercise, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes on the associations between specific toxicants and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to BTEX was associated with cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. These findings emphasize the importance of considering blood BTEX levels when assessing cardiovascular health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansu He
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HKSAR, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pei J, Liu P, Feng Z, Chang M, Wang J, Fang H, Wang L, Huang B. Long-term trajectory of ozone impact on maize and soybean yields in the United States: A 40-year spatial-temporal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123407. [PMID: 38244900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term change trends of ozone-induced yield losses is crucial for formulating strategies to alleviate ozone damaging effects, aiming towards achieving the Zero Hunger Sustainable Development Goal. Despite a wealth of experimental research indicating that ozone's influence on agricultural production exhibits marked fluctuations and differs significantly across various geographical locations, previous studies using global statistical models often failed to capture this spatial-temporal variability, leading to uncertainties in ozone impact estimation. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the spatial-temporal variability of ozone impacts on maize and soybean yields in the United States (1981-2021) using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. Our results revealed that over the past four decades, ozone pollution has led to average yield losses of -3.5% for maize and -6.1% for soybean, translating into an annual economic loss of approximately $2.6 billion. Interestingly, despite an overall downward trend in ozone impacts on crop yields following the implementation of stringent ozone emission control measures in 1997, our study identified distinct peaks of abnormally high yield reduction rates in drought years. Significant spatial heterogeneity was detected in ozone impacts across the study area, with ozone damage hotspots located in the Southeast Region and the Mississippi River Basin for maize and soybean, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that hydrothermal factors modulate crop responses to ozone, with maize showing an inverted U-shaped yield loss trend with temperature increases, while soybean demonstrated an upward trend. Both crops experienced amplified ozone-induced yield losses with rising precipitation. Overall, our study highlights the necessity of incorporating spatiotemporal variability into assessments of crop yield losses attributable to ozone pollution. The insights garnered from our findings can contribute to the formulation of region-specific pollutant emission policies, based on the distinct profiles of ozone-induced agricultural damage across different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pei
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Ming Chang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Huajun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; The Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su F, Xu Q, Yin S, Wang K, Liu G, Wang P, Kang M, Zhang R, Ying Q. Contributions of local emissions and regional background to summertime ozone in central China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117778. [PMID: 37019021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Source contributions and regional transport of maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) O3 during a high O3 month (June 2019) in Henan province in central China are explored using a source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The monthly average MDA8 O3 exceeds ∼70 ppb in more than half of the areas and shows a clear spatial gradient, with lower O3 concentrations in the southwest and higher in the northeast. Significant contributions of anthropogenic emissions to monthly average MDA8 O3 concentrations of more than 20 ppb are predicted in the provincial capital Zhengzhou, mostly due to emissions from the transportation sector (∼50%) and in the areas in the north and northeast regions where industrial and power generation-related emissions are high. Biogenic emissions in the region only contribute to approximately 1-3 ppb of monthly average MDA8 O3. In industrial areas north of the province, their contributions reach 5-7 ppb. Two CMAQ-based O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity assessments (the local O3 sensitivity ratios based on the direct decoupled method and the production ratio of H2O2 to HNO3) and the satellite HCHO to NO2 column density ratio consistently show that most of the areas in Henan are in NOx-limited regime. In contrast, the high O3 concentration areas in the north and at the city centers are in the VOC-limited or transition regimes. The results from this study suggest that although reducing NOx emissions to reduce O3 pollution in the region is desired in most areas, VOC reductions must be applied to urban and industrial regions. Source apportionment simulations with and without Henan anthropogenic emissions show that the benefit of local anthropogenic NOx reduction might be lower than expected from the source apportionment results because the contributions of Henan background O3 increase in response to the reduced local anthropogenic emissions due to less NO titration. Thus, collaborative O3 controls in neighboring provinces are needed to reduce O3 pollution problems in Henan effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Su
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mingjie Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Geng G, Cheng J, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Liu L, Shi Q, Tong D, He K, Zhang Q. Drivers of Increasing Ozone during the Two Phases of Clean Air Actions in China 2013-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37276527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM2.5) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) increased by 2.6 μg m-3 yr-1 in China during the same period. Here, we derived the drivers behind the rising O3 concentrations during the two phases of clean air actions by using a bottom-up emission inventory, a regional chemical transport model, and a multiple linear regression model. We found that both meteorological variations (3.6 μg m-3) and anthropogenic emissions (6.7 μg m-3) contributed to the growth of MDA8 O3 from 2013 to 2020, with the changes in anthropogenic emissions playing a more important role. The anthropogenic contributions to the O3 rise during 2017-2020 (1.2 μg m-3) were much lower than that in 2013-2017 (5.2 μg m-3). The lack of volatile organic compound (VOC) control and the decline in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were responsible for the O3 increase in 2013-2017 due to VOC-limited regimes in most urban areas, while the synergistic control of VOC and NOx in Phase II initially worked to mitigate O3 pollution during 2018-2020, although its effectiveness was offset by the penalty of PM2.5 decline. Future mitigation efforts should pay more attention to the simultaneous control of VOC and NOx to improve O3 air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangke Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinren Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Xie F, Sulaymon ID, Gong K, Li N, Li J, Hu J. Understanding the nocturnal ozone increase in Nanjing, China: Insights from observations and numerical simulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160211. [PMID: 36410475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is mainly photochemically formed by nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and therefore O3 usually has a distinct diurnal variation with high concentrations in the afternoon and low values at night. However, eight nocturnal O3 increase (NOI) events were identified in Nanjing in June 2021. To understand the mechanism of NOI events, we selected two events (June 6-7, and 24-25) for observational data analysis. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was employed for the process analysis (PA) and regional transport of O3. By analyzing the O3 observation data and meteorological factors, we found that there were clear southeastward O3 transport paths. The O3 peak clearly moved from the upwind to the downwind cities in both events. Model simulations showed that when nocturnal O3 enhancement occurred, horizontal transport resulted in a negative to positive net O3 production rate. O3 continued to get accumulated in Nanjing. Nocturnal O3 in the first event was dominated by long-range transport, with the top two contributing cities being Huzhou (5.6 %) and Jiaxing (4.7 %). NOI during the second event was from the nearby upwind cities. The top three contributing cities were Shanghai (18.3 %), Wuxi (9.1 %), and Suzhou (8.8 %). We conclude that the June NOI events in Nanjing were mainly driven by the horizontal transport of southeasterly winds. This study provides scientific support for O3 prevention and control in Nanjing in the summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fangjian Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kangjia Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Nan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen Y, Deng J, Hu X, Chen X, Yang H, Cheng D, Zhang D. Expediting Toluene Combustion by Harmonizing the Ce-O Strength over Co-Doped CeZr Oxide Catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1797-1806. [PMID: 36637390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature catalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by enhancing the activity of non-precious metal catalysts has always been the focus of attention. The mineralization of aromatic VOCs requires the participation of a large number of oxygen atoms, so the activation of oxygen species is crucial in the degradation reaction. Herein, we originally adjust the Ce-O bond strength in CeZr oxide catalysts by cobalt doping to promote the activation of oxygen species, thus improving the toluene degradation performance while maintaining high stability. Subsequent characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the weakening of the Ce-O bond strength increases the oxygen vacancy content, promotes the activation of oxygen species, and enhances the redox ability of the catalysts. This strategy also promotes the activation of toluene and accelerates the depletion of intermediate species. This study will contribute a strategy to enhance the activation ability of oxygen species in non-noble metal oxide catalysts, thereby enhancing the degradation performance of VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaonan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huiqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Danhong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan Z, Liu YM, Wu WD, Jiang Y, Zhuo LB. Combined exposure of heat stress and ozone enhanced cognitive impairment via neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier disruption in male rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159599. [PMID: 36280063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) exposure has been linked to cognitive dysfunction. In reality, high temperature does not occur alone in environment, and ozone (O3) and heatwaves usually co-exist in atmospheric environment. However, whether O3 exposure exacerbates HS-induced cognitive impairment and the potential underlying mechanisms have not been explored experimentally. The aim of this study was to determine the co-effects and mechanisms of HS and O3 on the cognitive dysfunction. METHODS 48 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, HS, O3 and HS plus O3 (HO3) groups. Rats in HS and HO3 group were exposed to 40 °C every morning from 9:00 to 12:00 for 15 consecutive days. While rats in O3 and HO3 groups were exposed to 0.7 ppm O3 the same day from 14:00 to 17:00 for 15 days. Cognitive performance was examined with Morris water maze test. Neurodegeneration, glial activation, neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot, Elisa, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS HS induced cognitive decline and neuronal damage in rats. Further studies showed that exposure of rats to HS could also induce glial activation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus, and decrease in the expressions of ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, indicative of BBB disruption. Impressively, the neuronal effects induced by HS, as depicted above, could be worsened by co-exposure to O3 in rats. CONCLUSIONS Co-exposure to O3 promotes HS-induced cognitive impairment in rats possibly through glial-mediated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Mei Liu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Lai-Bao Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang T, Wang F, Song H, Zhou S, Ru X, Zhang H. Maize yield reduction and economic losses caused by ground-level ozone pollution with exposure- and flux-response relationships in the North China Plain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116379. [PMID: 36202037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) has negative effects on agricultural crops. Maize is an important grain crop in China. The North China Plain (NCP) serves as the major crops' production area of China and experiences severe ozone pollution. Using the ground-level ozone simulated by an atmospheric chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem), we quantified the yield reduction and economic losses of maize during 2015-2018 over NCP based on exposure-response AOT40 (accumulation of hourly O3 concentration exceed 40 ppb) and flux-response POD6 (phytotoxic dose of ozone over 6 nmol m-2 s-1). Results showed that the ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD6 clearly increased from 2015 to 2018 in growing season of maize over NCP. The four-year annual mean ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD6 were 0.055 ppm, 18.02 ppm h, and 5.02 mmol m-2, respectively. At county level, the relative loss of maize yield (MRYL) based on AOT40 and POD6 had clearly spatio-temporal differences in NCP. The average MRYLs of AOT40 and of POD6 from 2015 to 2018 were 10.4% and 21.4%, respectively, and these reductions were associated with 2399 million and 5637 million US dollars, respectively. This study suggests that surface ozone increased the yield losses of maize, and indicates that further reductions in ozone concentrations can enhance the food security in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Wang
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Hongquan Song
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xutong Ru
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palladium-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a New Adsorbent for Detecting and Trapping Volatile Organic Compounds: A First Principle Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152572. [PMID: 35957007 PMCID: PMC9370723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are in the vapor state in the atmosphere and are considered pollutants. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the wb97xd exchange correlation functional and the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set are carried out to explore the potential possibility of palladium-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/SWCNT-V), serving as the resource for detecting and/or adsorbing acetonitrile (ACN), styrene (STY), and perchloroethylene (PCE) molecules as VOCs. The suggested adsorbent in this study is discussed with structural parameters, frontier molecular orbital theory, molecular electrical potential surfaces (MEPSs), natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, and the density of states. Furthermore, following the Bader theory of atoms in molecules (AIM), the topological properties of the electron density contributions for intermolecular interactions are analyzed. The obtained results show efficient VOC loading via a strong chemisorption process with a mean adsorption energy of −0.94, −1.27, and −0.54 eV for ACN, STY, and PCE, respectively. Our results show that the Pd/SWCNT-V can be considered a good candidate for VOC removal from the environment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen Y, Deng J, Han L, Ren W, Zhang D. Low-Temperature Combustion of Toluene over Cu-Doped SmMn 2O 5 Mullite Catalysts via Creating Highly Active Cu 2+-O-Mn 4+ Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10433-10441. [PMID: 35758155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low temperatures is still an urgent issue to be solved. Herein, low-temperature combustion of toluene over Cu-doped SmMn2O5 mullite catalysts via creating highly active Cu2+-O-Mn4+ sites has been originally demonstrated. Cu-doped SmMn2O5 mullite catalysts exhibited 90% conversion of toluene at 206 °C and displayed robust stability even in the presence of water. It has been demonstrated that Cu doping created Cu2+-O-Mn4+ active composite sites that were more exposed after removing surface Sm species via acid-etching. Benefiting from this, the redox and oxygen activation ability of catalysts was significantly enhanced. The consumption of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid as intermediate species and the CO2 generation ability were apparently promoted, which were the direct reasons for the enhanced low-temperature combustion of toluene. This work provides novel ideas for the development of high-performance catalysts for low-temperature VOC combustion, which has great industrial application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lupeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang Z, Tian M, Jing M, Chai S, Jian Y, Chen C, Douthwaite M, Zheng L, Ma M, Song W, Liu J, Yu J, He C. Modulating the Electronic Metal-Support Interactions in Single-Atom Pt 1 -CuO Catalyst for Boosting Acetone Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200763. [PMID: 35347821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly active single-atom catalysts (SACs) and identifying their intrinsic active sites in oxidizing industrial hazardous hydrocarbons are challenging prospects. Tuning the electronic metal-support interactions (EMSIs) is valid for modulating the catalytic performance of SACs. We propose that the modulation of the EMSIs in a Pt1 -CuO SAC significantly promotes the activity of the catalyst in acetone oxidation. The EMSIs promote charge redistribution through the unified Pt-O-Cu moieties, which modulates the d-band structure of atomic Pt sites, and strengthens the adsorption and activation of reactants. The positively charged Pt atoms are superior for activating acetone at low temperatures, and the stretched Cu-O bonds facilitate the activation of lattice oxygen atoms to participate in subsequent oxidation. We believe that this work will guide researchers to engineer efficient SACs for application in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mingjiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Meizan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Shouning Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chi He
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ozone Pollution in Chinese Cities: Spatiotemporal Variations and Their Relationships with Meteorological and Other Pollution Factors (2016–2020). ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, ozone (O3) pollution has become increasingly serious in many Chinese cities. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of O3 based on monitoring and meteorological data for 366 cities and national weather stations throughout China from 2016 to 2020. Least squares linear regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were computed to investigate the relationships of O3 with various pollution factors and meteorological conditions. Global Moran’s I and the Getis–Ord index Gi* were adopted to reveal the spatial agglomeration of O3 pollution in Chinese cities and characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of hot and cold spots. The results show that the national proportion of cities with an annual concentration exceeding 160 μg·m−3 increased from 21.6% in 2016 to 50.9% in 2018 but dropped to 21.5% in 2020; these cities are concentrated mainly in Central China (CC) and East China (EC). Throughout most of China, the highest seasonal O3 concentrations occur in summer, while the highest values in South China (SC) and Southwest China (SWC) occur in autumn and spring, respectively. The highest monthly O3 concentration reached 200 μg·m−3 in North China (NC) in June, while the lowest value was 60 μg·m−3 in Northeast China (NEC) in December. O3 is positively correlated with the ground surface temperature (GST) and sunshine duration (SSD) and negatively correlated with pressure (PRS) and relative humidity (RHU). Wind speed (WIN) and precipitation (PRE) were positively correlated in all regions except SC. O3 concentrations are significantly differentiated in space: O3 pollution is high in CC and EC and relatively low in the western and northeastern regions. The concentration of O3 exhibits obvious agglomeration characteristics, with hot spots being concentrated mainly in NC, CC and EC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang P, Zhu S, Vrekoussis M, Brasseur GP, Wang S, Zhang H. Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O 3 formation? FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 35693985 PMCID: PMC9170499 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-022-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration is increasing in China along with dramatic changes in precursor emissions and meteorological conditions, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. O3 is formed from the complex nonlinear photochemical reactions from nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although the mechanism of O3 formation is rather clear, describing and analyzing its changes and formation potential at fine spatial and temporal resolution is still a challenge today. In this study, we briefly summarized and evaluated different approaches that indicate O3 formation regimes. We identify that atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants. Results show that AOC has a prominent positive relationship to O3 in the major city clusters in China, with a goodness of fit (R 2) up to 0.6. This outcome provides a novel perspective in characterizing O3 formation and has significant implications for formulating control strategies of secondary pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shengqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359 Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 27456 Cyprus
| | - Guy P. Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146 Germany
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202162 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang Z, Tian M, Jing M, Chai S, Jian Y, Chen C, Douthwaite M, Zheng L, Ma M, Song W, Liu J, Yu J, He C. Modulating the Electronic Metal‐Support Interactions in Single‐Atom Pt
1
−CuO Catalyst for Boosting Acetone Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Mingjiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Meizan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China
| | - Shouning Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Changwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Mudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Chi He
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Achieving acetone efficient deep decomposition by strengthening reactants adsorption and activation over difunctional Au(OH)K x/hierarchical MFI catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:504-515. [PMID: 35007876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the simultaneous adsorption and activation of O2 and reactants over supported noble metal catalysts is crucial for the oxidation of organic hydrocarbons. Herein, we report a facile one-step ethylene glycol reduction method to synthesize difunctional Au(OH)Kx sites, which were anchored on a hierarchical hollow MFI support and adopted for acetone decomposition. The alkali ion-associated adjacent surface hydroxyl groups were coordinated with Au nanoparticles, resulting in partially oxidized Au1+ sites with improved dispersion. The results obtained from exclusive ex situ and in situ experiments illustrated that the proper content of K and hydroxyl groups significantly enhanced the adsorption of surface O2 and acetone molecules around the Au sites simultaneously, whereas the excess K species inhibited the catalytic performance by blocking the pore structure and decreasing the acidity of catalysts. The Au(OH)K0.7/h-MFI catalyst exhibited the highest efficiency for acetone oxidation, over which 1500 ppm acetone can be completely oxidized at just 280 °C with an extremely low activation energy of 32.5 kJ mol-1. The carbonate species were detected as the main intermediates during acetone decomposition over the difunctional Au(OH)Kx sites through a Langmuir - Hinshelwood (L - H) mechanism. This finding paves the way for designing and constructing efficient functional active sites for the complete oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pollution and Cleaning of PDMS Pervaporation Membranes after Recovering Ethyl Acetate from Aqueous Saline Solutions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040404. [PMID: 35448374 PMCID: PMC9029142 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wastewater containing nonvolatile salts has become an important and interesting case of the application of the pervaporation (PV) process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salts on the PV removal of ethyl acetate from wastewater using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. The fouled membrane was then characterized via scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX) to investigate salt permeation. The membrane backflushing process was carried out by periodically flushing the permeate side of the tubular membrane. The results demonstrated that salts (NaCl and CaCl2) could permeate through the PDMS membrane and were deposited on the permeate side. The presence of salts in the feed solution caused a slight increase in the membrane selectivity and a decrease in the permeate flux. The flux decreased with increasing salt concentration, and a notable effect occurred at higher feed-salt concentrations. A permeate flux of up to 98.3% of the original flux was recovered when the permeation time and backflushing duration were 30 and 5 min, respectively, indicating that the effect of salt deposition on flux reduction could be mitigated. Real, organic, saline wastewater was treated in a pilot plant, which further verified the feasibility of wastewater PV treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lei Y, Yue X, Liao H, Zhang L, Zhou H, Tian C, Gong C, Ma Y, Cao Y, Seco R, Karl T, Potosnak M. Global Perspective of Drought Impacts on Ozone Pollution Episodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3932-3940. [PMID: 35298883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution threatens global public health and damages ecosystem productivity. Droughts modulate surface O3 through meteorological processes and vegetation feedbacks. Unraveling these influences is difficult with traditional chemical transport models. Here, using an atmospheric chemistry-vegetation coupled model in combination with a suite of existing measurements, we investigate the drought impacts on global surface O3 and explore the main driving processes. Relative to the mean state, accelerated photochemical rates dominate the surface O3 enhancement during droughts except for eastern U.S. and western Europe, where reduced stomatal uptakes make comparable contributions. During 1990-2012, the simulated frequency of O3 pollution episodes in western Europe decreases greatly with a negative trend of -5.5 ± 6.6 days per decade following the reductions in anthropogenic emissions if meteorology is fixed. However, such decreased trend is weakened to -2.1 ± 3.8 days per decade, which is closer to the observed trend of -2.9 ± 1.1 days per decade when year-to-year meteorology is applied because increased droughts alone offset 43% of the effects from air pollution control. Our results highlight that more stringent controls of O3 precursors are necessary to mitigate the higher risks of O3 pollution episodes by more droughts in a warming world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenguang Tian
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimian Ma
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roger Seco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Mark Potosnak
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Du X, Tang W, Cheng M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li Y, Meng F. Modeling of spatial and temporal variations of ozone-NO x-VOC sensitivity based on photochemical indicators in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:454-464. [PMID: 35459508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive air quality model with extensions (CAMx)-decoupled direct method (DDM) was used to simulate ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity of for May-November in 2016-2018 in China. Based on the relationship between the simulated ozone (O3) sensitivity values and the ratio of formaldehyde (HCHO) to NO2 (FNR) and the ratio of production rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to production rate of nitric acid (HNO3) ( [Formula: see text] ), the localized range of FNR and [Formula: see text] thresholds in different regions in China were obtained. The overall simulated FNR values are about 1.640-2.520, and [Formula: see text] values are about 0.540-0.830 for the transition regime. Model simulated O3 sensitivities or region specific FNR or [Formula: see text] thresholds should be applied to ensure the accurate local O3 sensitivity regimes. Using the tropospheric column FNR values from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) satellite data as an indicator with the simulated threshold values, the spatial distributions of O3 formation regimes in China are determined. The O3 sensitivity regimes from eastern to central China are gradually from VOC-limited, transition to NOx-limited spatially, and moving toward to transition or NOx-limited regime from 2005 to 2019 temporally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kang M, Hu J, Zhang H, Ying Q. Evaluation of a highly condensed SAPRC chemical mechanism and two emission inventories for ozone source apportionment and emission control strategy assessments in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151922. [PMID: 34826486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The response of summertime O3 to changes in the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, and contributions of different NOx and VOC sources to O3 in China are studied using a highly condensed photochemical mechanism in the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) family (CS07A) and two popular anthropogenic emission inventories, the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) and Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS). Although CS07A predicts slightly lower O3 concentrations than the standard fix-parameter version of the SAPRC-11 mechanism, the two mechanisms predict almost identical relative responses to daily maximum 8-hour O3 (O3-8h) due to NOx and VOC emission reductions. A source-oriented version of the CS07A is applied to determine source contributions of NOx and VOCs to O3 using MEIC and REAS. The two inventories lead to similar model performance of O3, with MEIC predicting higher O3 in Beijing and Shanghai, especially on high O3 days. Source apportionment results show that industry and transportation are the top two contributors to non-background O3 for both inventories, followed by power and biogenic emissions. In general, the two inventories lead to similar source contribution estimations to O3 attributable to NOx. However, their estimations of relative contributions to VOC-related O3 differ for the industrial and transportation sectors. Differences in the source apportionment results are more significant in some urban areas, although both emissions capture the spatial variations in the source contributions. Our results suggest that future emission control policies should be assessed using multiple emission inventories, and the condensed CS07A is suitable for policy applications when a large number of simulations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li L, Xie F, Li J, Gong K, Xie X, Qin Y, Qin M, Hu J. Diagnostic analysis of regional ozone pollution in Yangtze River Delta, China: A case study in summer 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151511. [PMID: 34762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A regional ozone (O3) pollution event occurred in the Yangtze River Delta region during August 17-23, 2020 (except on August 21). This study aims to understand the causes of O3 pollution during the event using an emission-based model (i.e., the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model) and an observation-based model (OBM). The OBM was used to investigate O3 sensitivity to its precursors during the O3 pollution, concluding that O3 formation was limited by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on August 19, but was co-limited by VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) on other polluted days. Aromatics and alkenes were the two main VOC groups contributing to the O3 formation, with trans-2-butene and m/p-xylene as the key species among the VOCs measured at the Nanjing urban site. The source apportionment results estimated using the source-oriented CMAQ model suggest that the transportation and industry sources dominated the non-background O3 production in Nanjing, which were responsible for 52% and 24.7%, respectively. The O3 concentration attributed to NOx (~70%) was significantly higher than that attributed to VOCs (approximately 30%). The process analysis revealed that vertical mixing increased the O3 concentrations in the early morning, and photochemical reactions promoted O3 formation and accumulation during the daytime within the planetary boundary layer. At night, outflow from horizontal transport and nocturnal chemistry jointly resulted the O3 depletion. The contributions of inter-city transport during the O3 pollution period in Nanjing were also estimated. The predicted O3 concentration was largely recorded from long-distance regions, reaching 46%, followed by local sources (38%) and surrounding cities (16%). The results indicate that both NOx and VOCs contributed significantly to O3 pollution during this event, and the emissions controls of NOx and the key VOC species of aromatics and alkenes from a cooperative regional perspective should be considered to mitigate O3 pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fangjian Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kangjia Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Liao H. 2015–2050年南亚与东南亚输送对中国大气臭氧浓度的影响 . CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Goren AY, Genisoglu M, Okten HE, Sofuoglu SC. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on ambient air quality and excess risk of particulate matter in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 5:100239. [PMID: 38620652 PMCID: PMC8427552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has reached 4 million global cases as of March 10, 2020, has become a worldwide problem. Turkey is one of the most affected (9th in the world) country with 139 771 cases. An intermittent curfew policy that differ for three age groups, and an intercity travel ban varying within the country have been implemented. The effects of changes in social life and industrial activity in terms of environmental pollution are not yet known. The short-term effects on PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, NO, NOx, O3 and CO concentrations measured at 51 air quality measurement stations (AQMS) in 11 cities in March - April period of 2020 were statistically compared with that of the previous year. While PM2.5 (9/14 AQMS) and PM10 (29/35 AQMS) concentrations were not significantly affected, NO (12/24 AQMS), NO2 (20/29 AQMS), NOX (17/25 AQMS) concentrations were decreased, SO2 concentrations at half of the AQMSs (11/25) did not show a significant change. There were stations at which higher pollutant concentrations were measured in the study period in 2020 compared to that of 2019. Excess risks associated with PM2.5 and PM10 were estimated to be variable, albeit with a small difference. In conclusion, the heterogeneous actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in mixed effects on ambient air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mesut Genisoglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering
| | - Hatice Eser Okten
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang M, Huang T, Wong DC, Ho KF, Dong G, Yim SHL. A new approach for health-oriented ozone control strategy: Adjoint-based optimization of NO x emission reductions using metaheuristic algorithms. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021; 312:127533. [PMID: 34248301 PMCID: PMC8262626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While levels of particulate matters in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD) show a significant reduction, ozone (O3) has an opposite increasing trend, becoming the critical air quality target in this decade. Emission control strategies are typically formulated sector by sector, spatial variability in emissions reductions and health impacts of air pollutants may not be taken into account, affecting the overall effectiveness of control strategies. This study proposes an adjoint-based optimization framework to facilitate health-oriented O3 control over PRD. The location-specific adjoint sensitivity coefficients, which reflect the spatiotemporal influences from emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NOx) on O3 health impacts, are combined with metaheuristic algorithms to minimize the O3-related premature mortalities over receptor regions. Using the proposed optimization methodology, the regional O3 health benefits under current emission reduction policy can be increased by 16-27%. The results show that relatively larger NOx emissions reductions occurred at highly developed and populated areas. Particularly, significant reductions in NOx emissions are observed at Shenzhen and urban Guangzhou. Furthermore, implementing regional NOx emissions abatement has advantages to achieve an overall O3 health benefits for all cities. The interregional influences of NOx emissions abatement between cities indicate a promising strategy of health-oriented O3 control in PRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - David C. Wong
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Steve H. L. Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao M, Liu W, Wang H, Shao X, Shi A, An X, Li G, Nie L. Emission factors and characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from adhesive application in indoor decoration in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:145169. [PMID: 33744581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive application in indoor decoration is an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emission source of both indoors and outdoors. However, few studies have been conducted on VOC emission factors and characteristics from indoor decorating adhesives. In this study, the VOC emission factors were obtained by measurement of VOCs in 210 adhesives. The results showed that the VOC emission factors were 41.23 g/L for wall and ground solidify, 33.49 g/L for tile adhesive, 76.88 g/L for white glue, 52.36 g/L for wallcovering adhesive, 132.28 g/L for sealant glue, 49.33 g/kg for foaming adhesive, 654.23 g/L for all-purpose adhesive, 251.93 g/L for free nails adhesive, 152.01 g/L for marble glue, and 136.79 g/L for beautiful sealant. Methodology for calculating activity data of decorating adhesive consumptions was developed and a VOC emission inventory from adhesive application in indoor decoration was developed using a bottom-up estimation methodology. The VOC emissions from 2012 to 2017 in China were 235,987.76, 246,230.47, 250,981.62, 249,849.48, 227,150.33 and 212, 433.07 t, respectively. The beautiful sealant, wall and ground solidify, sealant glue and all-purpose adhesive contributed the most of the total emissions, collectively accounting for 78.14%. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Guangdong ranked as the top five provinces for VOC emissions, together contributing 39.10% to the national total emissions. Shandong and Jiangsu reached up to 17,057.95 t/year and 15,207.92 t/year, respectively. Priority should be given to four types of adhesives with pretty high VOC contents for designing effective VOC control measures, including solvent-based all-purpose adhesive, solvent-based free nails adhesive, solvent-based sealant glue, and solvent-based beautiful sealant. Future emission trends are projected through 2030 based on current emission control policies and real estate trend. It may be possible to reduce VOC emissions by 60.81% and 69.37% by 2030 under the two scenarios, respectively, compared with the VOC emissions in 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Hailin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xia Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Aijun Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xiaoshuan An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Guohao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gong K, Li L, Li J, Qin M, Wang X, Ying Q, Liao H, Guo S, Hu M, Zhang Y, Hu J. Quantifying the impacts of inter-city transport on air quality in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China: Implications for regional cooperative controls of PM 2.5 and O 3. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146619. [PMID: 34030281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration is one of the most developed regions in China. During recent decades, this region has experienced severe regional haze and photochemical smog pollution problems. In this study, we used a source-oriented chemical transport model to quantitatively estimate the effects of inter-city transport on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) among the 41 cities in the YRD urban agglomeration during the EXPLORE-YRD (EXPeriment on the eLucidation of the atmospheric Oxidation capacity and aerosol foRmation, and their Effects in the Yangtze River Delta) campaign (May 17 to June 17, 2018). The results show that inter-city transport is very significant in the YRD region. On average, the emissions from the local city, the other YRD cities, and the regions outside of the YRD contribute 25.3%, 49.9%, and 24.8% to the PM2.5, respectively, and they contribute 33.7%, 46.8%, and 19.5% of the non-background O3, respectively. On PM2.5 or O3 pollution days, the transport contribution from the non-local YRD cities becomes much more important, while the local emissions and the transport from non-YRD emissions become less important. The results also suggest that the cities within a distance of 184 km and 94 km contribute 60% of the PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that regional cooperative control programs in the YRD consider emission controls over cities within these ranges. The range for primary PM2.5 (92 km) is very different from that for secondary PM2.5 (515 km). Cooperative emission controls of SO2 and NOx on a much larger regional scale are required to reduce the secondary PM2.5 in the YRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo H, Zhao K, Yuan Z, Yang L, Zheng J, Huang Z, Huang X. Emission source-based ozone isopleth and isosurface diagrams and their significance in ozone pollution control strategies. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:138-149. [PMID: 34130831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, ozone (O3) pollution has been continuously worsening in most developing countries. The accurate identification of the nonlinear relationship between O3 and its precursors is a prerequisite for formulating effective O3 control measures. At present, precursor-based O3 isopleth diagrams are widely used to infer O3 control strategy at a particular location. However, there is frequently a large gap between the O3-precursor nonlinearity delineated by the O3 isopleths and the emission source control measures to reduce O3 levels. Consequently, we developed an emission source-based O3 isopleth diagram that directly illustrates the O3 level changes in response to synergistic control on two types of emission sources using a validated numerical modeling system and the latest regional emission inventory. Isopleths can be further upgraded to isosurfaces when co-control on three types of emission sources is investigated. Using Guangzhou and Foshan as examples, we demonstrate that similar precursor-based O3 isopleths can be associated with significantly different emission source co-control strategies. In Guangzhou, controlling solvent use emissions was the most effective approach to reduce peak O3 levels. In Foshan, co-control of on-road mobile, solvent use, and fixed combustion sources with a ratio of 3:1:2 or 3:1:3 was best to effectively reduce the peak O3 levels below 145 ppbv. This study underscores the importance of using emission source-based O3 isopleths and isosurface diagrams to guide a precursor emission control strategy that can effectively reduce the peak O3 levels in a particular area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaihui Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Leifeng Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518022, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu S, Poetzscher J, Shen J, Wang S, Wang P, Zhang H. Comprehensive Insights Into O 3 Changes During the COVID-19 From O 3 Formation Regime and Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 48:e2021GL093668. [PMID: 34149110 PMCID: PMC8206683 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl093668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Economic activities and the associated emissions have significantly declined during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has created a natural experiment to assess the impact of the emitted precursor control policy on ozone (O3) pollution. In this study, we utilized comprehensive satellite, ground-level observations, and source-oriented chemical transport modeling to investigate the O3 variations during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Here, we found that the significant elevated O3 in the North China Plain (40%) and Yangtze River Delta (35%) were mainly attributed to the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) in these regions, associated with the meteorology and emission reduction during lockdown. Besides, O3 formation regimes shifted from VOC-limited regimes to NOx-limited and transition regimes with the decline of NOx during lockdown. We suggest that future O3 control policies should comprehensively consider the effects of AOC on the O3 elevation and coordinated regulations of the O3 precursor emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - James Poetzscher
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Juanyong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC)ShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhu Q, Ma M, Jiang Z, Liao X, He C. Unraveling the effects of potassium incorporation routes and positions on toluene oxidation over α-MnO 2 nanorods: Based on experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:324-338. [PMID: 33901856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metal potassium is conducive to structure promotion and electronic modulation in metal oxides. Here, K species was successfully introduced into α-MnO2via in situ synthesis (Pre-K/MnO2) and hydrothermal impregnation method (Post-K/MnO2) with target to boost the low-temperature reactivity and deep destruction efficiency for toluene oxidation. Results reveal that Post-K/MnO2 possesses the highest catalytic activity with toluene (1000 ppm) totally mineralized at just 258 °C, achieving over 70 °C of temperature reduction than that of Pre-K/MnO2. K specie shows obvious charge transfer balance ability in MnO2, forming MnO6-K-MnO6 bridging bond and leading to more uniform energy of Mn-O bonds. High electron density of K+ can promote the activation of oxygen molecules, resulting in a better catalytic performance of toluene. Abundant Brønsted acid sites are beneficial for toluene adsorption and regeneration of hydroxyl on the surface, which promote the degradation of intermediates during toluene oxidation. Moreover, Post-K/MnO2 shows satisfied catalytic performance under different space velocities and initial concentrations and humid condition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed the situation of oxygen vacancy and toluene/oxygen adsorption energy in catalysts with different K doping locations. Results showed that the adsorption energy is stronger when K located in large tunnel (0.46 × 0.46 nm), and it is easier to form oxygen vacancy while K entered the small tunnel (0.33 × 0.33 nm). The present work paves new insights into the designing of efficient transition metal oxide catalyst for VOC deep purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Environment and Low-Carbon Research Center, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Low-Carbon Research Center, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Mudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chi He
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Rathod A, Sahu SK, Singh S, Beig G. Anomalous behaviour of ozone under COVID-19 and explicit diagnosis of O 3-NO x-VOCs mechanism. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06142. [PMID: 33553707 PMCID: PMC7846224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is linked to higher rates of human mortality especially those infected with COVID 19. Ozone is a harmful pollutant and is responsible for many health issues. However, some reports suggest that ozone is a strong disinfectant, and can kill the viruses. We hereby, report on the vulnerability of ozone due to COVID-19 lockdown whose levels flutter from surging to saturation in a highly polluted Indian capital, due to significant decline in anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors. Average observed levels stabilized at 30 ppb, 12 ppb, 740 ppb, and 900 ppb for ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) respectively during lockdown period from 27th March to 10th April 2020. The NO2, CO and VOC declined by 50 %, 37 %, 38 % respectively during the lockdown period of 2020 as compared to similar period in 2019. The anomalous response of ozone during the lockdown is explained by resolving the poorly known complex O3-NOx-VOCs mechanism with the help of data from air monitoring stations in Delhi, India. The data obtained from this study advances the fundamental understanding of ozone chemistry that may lead to improved ozone parameterization in chemical transport models and better planning of ozone risk management strategies for any global mega cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rathod
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - S Singh
- India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India
| | - G Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Liao H. Effect of emission control measures on ozone concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 meeting in 2016. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127729. [PMID: 32763646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of emission control measures on ozone (O3) concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 (The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) meeting during 24 August to 6 September of 2016 was evaluated using the nested version of a global chemical transport model. During G20, observed concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO were all below national air quality standards, whereas those of MDA8 O3 were above national standard (with an averaged value of 160.2 μg m-3) but had a decreasing trend. Model sensitivity studies show that, MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 were reduced by 11.3 μg m-3 (6.8%), 14.8 μg m-3 (8.9%), and 19.5 μg m-3 (11.7%) with emission control measures in the core area, Zhejiang province, and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, respectively, indicating that control measures were the most effective when carried out jointly in YRD. Considering the ratios of NOx to VOCs during G20, Hangzhou and most areas of Zhejiang province were in transitional regime; reductions in either NOx or VOCs could reduce O3 concentrations. We also quantified how sensitive O3 concentrations respond to emission reductions in sectors of industry, power, residential and transportation in the whole of YRD during G20. The removal of emissions in industry and transportation sectors would lead to the largest reductions of 17.6 μg m-3 (10.5%) and 12.3 μg m-3 (7.4%) in MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20, respectively. This study has important implications for the control of high O3 levels in eastern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gong C, Liao H, Zhang L, Yue X, Dang R, Yang Y. Persistent ozone pollution episodes in North China exacerbated by regional transport. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115056. [PMID: 32593927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Summertime ozone (O3) concentrations over China continue to increase although the governmental Clear Air Actions have been carried out since 2013. The worst O3 pollution is confronted over North China Plain. Ozone polluted days (with observed regionally-averaged maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 concentrations exceeding 80 ppbv) in May-July in North China increased from 35 days in year 2014 to 56 days in year 2018, and persistent O3 pollution episodes that lasted for 5 days or longer (OPEs5) contributed 14.3% and 66.1% to those O3 polluted days in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Model simulations suggest that O3 transport from central eastern China (including Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces) contributes 36% of the enhanced O3 concentrations in North China during OPEs5 relative to the seasonal mean. We find that emission control of volatile organic compounds in central eastern China is most effective to alleviate intensity of OPEs5 in North China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruijun Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shen Y, Deng J, Impeng S, Li S, Yan T, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang D. Boosting Toluene Combustion by Engineering Co-O Strength in Cobalt Oxide Catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10342-10350. [PMID: 32668146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploring active and low-cost transition metal oxides (TMOs) based catalysts for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) abatement is vital for air pollution control technologies. Since 18 oxygen atoms are required for the complete mineralization of a toluene molecule, the participation of a large amount of active oxygen is a key requirement for the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Here, toluene degradation was improved by weakening the Co-O bond strength on the surface of cobalt oxide, so as to increase the amount of active oxygen species, while maintaining the high stability of the catalyst for toluene combustion. The bond strength of Co-O and the amount of surface active O2 was regulated by tuning the pyrolysis temperature. The catalyst's redox ability and surface oxygen species activity are improved due to the weakening of the Co-O bond strength. It has been demonstrated that active oxygen plays a crucial role in boosting toluene combustion by engineering Co-O strength in cobalt oxide catalysts. This work provides a new understanding of the exploration and development of high-performance TMO catalysts for VOCs abatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Sarawoot Impeng
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shuangxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Liyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Gao W, Wang S, Song T, Gong Z, Ji D, Wang L, Liu Z, Tang G, Huo Y, Tian S, Li J, Li M, Yang Y, Chu B, Petäjä T, Kerminen VM, He H, Hao J, Kulmala M, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1331-1339. [PMID: 34692161 PMCID: PMC8288972 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5 concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wenkang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC), Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengyu Gong
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC), Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfeng Huo
- Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qiao X, Wang P, Zhang J, Zhang H, Tang Y, Hu J, Ying Q. Spatial-temporal variations and source contributions to forest ozone exposure in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:189-199. [PMID: 31004895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As surface ozone (O3) concentrations have significantly increased in many regions of China, it is concerned that O3 may cause negative impacts on forests in the country. To estimate the risks of O3 exposure to forest health, several frequently used O3 exposure indices (M7, M24, N100, SUM60, W126, and AOT40f) were calculated for the entire year of 2013 and the source contributions to exposure in April and August were quantified using a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Critical loads for natural ecosystems (12 ppm-h for SUM60) and for moderately sensitive plant species (23.8 ppm-h for W126) are exceeded in 85% and 75% of the forest areas in China, respectively. About 90% of the forest areas have AOT40f higher than the critical load of 10 ppm-h. Forests in the western rim of the Sichuan Basin (WSCB), parts of the southern rim of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (SQTP), Yunnan Province, and the North China Plain (NCP) have higher O3 exposure than that of other areas. In spring, transport of O3 and precursors from Southeast Asia have significant contributions to O3 exposure for forests in Yunnan, SQTP and to a less extent in WSCB. In both spring and summer, industries and transportation sectors have large contributions to O3 exposure along the WSCB and in the NCP. A higher priority in future field investigations to assess O3 impacts on forests in China should be given to these regions. The results also suggest that O3 production in China is much more due to nitrogen oxides (NOx) than due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In order to protect China's forest from O3, it would be most efficient to reduce NOx emissions from industries, transportation, and other countries in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ya Tang
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|