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Zhao Q, Yang J, Li J, Zhang L, Yan X, Yue T, Yuan Y. Hypoglycemic effect and intestinal transport of phenolics-rich extract from digested mulberry leaves in Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 co-culture model. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113689. [PMID: 38129030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) have potential anti-diabetic effects, but they may be chemically modified during gastrointestinal digestion so affect their biological activity. In this study, an in vitro digestion model coupled with Caco-2 monolayer and Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 coculture model were used to study the transport and hypoglycemic effects of phenolics in raw MLs (U-MLs) and solid-fermented MLs (F-MLs). The results of LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the Papp (apparent permeability coefficient, 10-6cm/s) of phenolics in digested MLs ranged from 0.002 ± 0.00 (quercetin 3-O-glucoside) to 60.19 ± 0.67 (ferulic acid), indicating higher phenolic acids absorbability and poor flavonoids absorbability. The Papp values of phenolic extracts of F-MLs in Caco-2 monolayer were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than that of U-MLs. Digested phenolic extracts inhibited the activities of sucrase (60.13 ± 2.03 %) and maltase (82.35 ± 0.78 %) and decreased 9.28 ± 0.84 % of glucose uptake in Caco-2 monolayer. Furthermore, a decrease in the mRNA expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (0.64 ± 0.18), GLUT2 (0.14 ± 0.02) and the sucrase-isomaltase (0.59 ± 0.00) was observed. In Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 co-culture model, phenolic extracts regulated glucose metabolism by up-regulating the mRNA expressions of IRS1 (9.32-fold), Akt (17.07-fold) and GYS2 (1.5-fold), and down-regulating the GSK-3β (0.22-fold), PEPCK (0.49-fold) and FOXO1 (0.10-fold) mRNA levels. Both U-MLs and F-MLs could improve glucose metabolism, and the partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that luteoforol and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolics that strongly correlated with the hypoglycemic ability of MLs. Results suggested that phenolics of MLs can be used as dietary supplements to regulate glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaohai Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Food Science and Techonology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Food Science and Techonology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Costa AR, Duarte AC, Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. Bitter taste signaling in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 315:121363. [PMID: 36610638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance of cancer cells to many drugs used in chemotherapy remains a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance transporters, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, are a major cause of cancer drug resistance since they translocate a broad range of drug compounds across the cell membrane, extruding them out of the cells. The regulation of ABC transporters by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), which might be activated by specific bitter tasting compounds, was described in several types of cells/organs, becoming a potential target for cancer therapy. TAS2Rs expression has been reported in many organs and several types of cancer, like breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancers, where their activation was shown to be involved in various biological actions (cell survival, apoptosis, molecular transport, among others). Moreover, many TAS2Rs' ligands, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, with well-recognized beneficial properties, including several anticancer effects, have been reported as potential adjuvants in cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of TAS2Rs and bitter tasting compounds in different types of cancer as a possible way to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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The Effect of Ferulic Acid-Grafted Chitosan (FA-g-CS) on the Transmembrane Transport of Anthocyanins by sGLT1 and GLUT2. Foods 2022; 11:3299. [PMCID: PMC9601927 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the effect of ferulic acid-grafted chitosan (FA-g-CS) on the interaction between anthocyanin (ANC) and sGLT1/GLUT2 and their functions in ANC transmembrane transport using Caco-2 cells. The transmembrane transport experiments of ANC showed its low transport efficiency (Papp < 10−6 cm/s), whereas the phenomenon of a significantly rise in anthocyanins transport efficiency was observed with the incubation of FA-g-CS (p < 0.05). In order to investigate the mechanism of FA-g-CS improving ANC transmembrane transport, Caco-2 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for transporters sGLT1 and GLUT2, and incubated with ANC, FA-g-CS, or their combination. Subsequently, Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence staining were carried out to monitor the intracellular sGLT1 and GLUT2 levels. These siRNA-transfected cells, incubated with compounds, indicate that sGLT1 and GLUT2 participated in the ANC transmembrane transport and that FA-g-CS, ANC, or their combination enhance sGLT1/GLUT2 expression. In particular, Caco-2 cells incubated with both FA-g-CS and ANC show significantly increased sGLT1 or GLUT2 expression (>80%) compared with exclusively using FA-g-CS or ANC (<60%). Molecular docking results demonstrate that there is a good binding between FA-g-CS/ANC and sGLT1 or GLUT2. These results highlight that FA-g-CS promotes the transmembrane transport of ANC by influencing the interaction between ANC and sGLT1/GLUT2; the interaction between FA-g-CS and ANC could be another key factor that improves the bioavailability of ANC.
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Mohamedshah Z, Hayes M, Chadwick-Corbin S, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Bioaccessibility, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal transport of phenolics from 100% Concord grape juice and whole grapes are similar in a simulated digestion and fecal fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4315-4330. [PMID: 35297910 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic rich 100% grape juice has been associated with many health benefits, but its place in dietary guidance is controversial relative to whole fruit. Direct comparisons of phenolic profiles and bioavailability between these food forms are needed. Phenolic bioaccessibility and metabolism from Concord (CG) and Niagara (NG) grapes and corresponding 100% juices were investigated using an in vitro digestion coupled with anaerobic gut fermentation model. Intestinal transport of resulting bioaccessible phenolics and microbial metabolites was estimated using a Caco-2 cell model. Total bioaccessible phenolics from both upper and lower digestion were similar (P > 0.05) between NG (400.9 ± 26.3 μmol per 100 g) and NGJ (349.5 ± 8.3 μmol per 100 g) and significantly different (P < 0.05) between CG (417.2 ± 24.4 μmol per 100 g) and CGJ (294.3 ± 45.4 μmol per 100 g) total cellular transport of phenolics was similar (P > 0.05) between whole grapes (89.4 ± 5.3 μmol per 100 g for CG, and 71.8 ± 2.4 μmol per 100 g for NG) and 100% juices (88.0 ± 5.6 μmol per 100 g for CGJ, and 85.3 ± 9.4 μmol per 100 g for NGJ). Differences were observed between the location of phenolic metabolism, bioaccessibility and subsequent cellular transport of individual phenolics between grapes and juice matrices. Specifically, greater amounts of phenolics were transported from grape juices than whole grapes from the upper tract. However, cumulative bioaccessibility and transport from upper and lower GI digestion/fermentation together indicates that the absorbable phenolics from 100% grape juice is similar to that of whole grapes, suggesting that phenolic-mediated health benefits from consumption of whole fruit and juice may be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Sydney Chadwick-Corbin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Li H, Duan S, Yuan P, Liu J, Wang X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Pan C, Xia K. Preparation of casein phosphopeptides calcium complex and the promotion in calcium cellular uptake through transcellular transport pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14001. [PMID: 34751452 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the stability of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and obtained peptide-calcium complex by heating and chelating the peptide with CaCl2 in a neutral solution. To assess the bioavailability of various calcium formulations, the calcium transport models were established in Caco-2 cells, and the transcellular transport pathways of various calcium formulations were studied by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results of circular dichroism showed that CPP was a stable polypeptide. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and Fourier transform-infrared spectrum (FT-IR) indicated that calcium could be chelated by carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms of CPP to form peptide calcium chelate, and the calcium bioavailability of peptide calcium chelate was significantly higher than that of CaCl2 , calcium l-aspartate, and casein phosphopeptides mixed with CaCl2 . Four calcium sources increased the expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 genes and proteins. The study intended to provide a basis for developing a novel calcium supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper examined the bioavailability of casein phosphopeptides calcium complex, CaCl2 , calcium l-aspartate, and casein phosphopeptides mixed with CaCl2 in Caco-2 cells, and the mechanisms were detected by western blotting. The results provide theoretical knowledge for the selection of calcium supplement raw materials and lay a foundation for the development of compound calcium preparations and drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxuan Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
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6
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Kopeć A, Zawistowski J, Kitts DD. Benefits of Anthocyanin-Rich Black Rice Fraction and Wood Sterols to Control Plasma and Tissue Lipid Concentrations in Wistar Kyoto Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:E5363. [PMID: 33212852 PMCID: PMC7698440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study reports on the relative effects of administrating a cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-rich black rice fraction (BRF), a standardized wood sterol mixture (WS), and a combination of both to lower plasma and target tissue lipid concentrations in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats fed atherogenic diets. Methods: Male WKY (n = 40) rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a nonatherogenic control diet and atherogenic diets that included a positive control and atherogenic diets supplemented with BRF or WS, respectively, and a combination of both BRF + WS. Plasma and target tissue liver, heart and aorta cholesterol, and triacylglycerides (TAG) content were also measured. Results: Rats fed atherogenic diets exhibited elevated hyperlipidemia compared to counterparts fed nonatherogenic diets (p < 0.001); this effect was mitigated by supplementing the atherogenic diets with BRF and WS, respectively (p < 0.05). Combining BRF with WS to enrich the supplement lowered cholesterol similar to the WS effect (p < 0.05) and lowered TAG characteristic to the BRF effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Rats fed diets containing BRF or WS effectively mitigate the hypercholesterolemia and elevated TAG induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. The benefit of adding BRF + WS together is relevant to the lipid parameter measured and is target tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Zawistowski
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - David D. Kitts
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Yao Y, Xu F, Ju X, Li Z, Wang L. Lipid-Lowering Effects and Intestinal Transport of Polyphenol Extract from Digested Buckwheat in Caco-2/HepG2 Coculture Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4205-4214. [PMID: 32141744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol extracts derived from gastrointestinal digestates of buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill) were studied for their intestinal transport and lipid-lowering effects in Caco-2/HepG2 coculture models. The relative amounts of all phenolic compounds throughout the digestion and intestinal absorption process were determined by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The digestible and easily transported phenolic compounds in buckwheat extract were identified. Herein, four main phenolic compounds and their metabolites were found on both the apical and basolateral sides of the Caco-2 cell transwell model. The transepithelial transport rates in the Caco-2 cell monolayer were scoparone (0.97) > hydroxycinnamic acid (0.40) > rutin (0.23) > quercetin (0.20). The main metabolism of hydroxycinnamic acid, quercetin, and scoparone in transepithelial transport was found to be methylation. Furthermore, results indicated that triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in HepG2 cells on the basolateral side of coculture models can be suppressed by 53.64, 23.44, 36.49, 27.98, and 77.42% compared to the oleic acid-induced group (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression of Fabp4 relative to the control was found to be significantly upregulated (85.82 ± 10.64 to 355.18 ± 65.83%) by the easily transported buckwheat polyphenol components in HepG2 cells (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122876. [PMID: 31775396 PMCID: PMC6950395 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.
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9
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Luna-Vital DA, Chatham L, Juvik J, Singh V, Somavat P, de Mejia EG. Activating Effects of Phenolics from Apache Red Zea mays L. on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 and Glucokinase Evaluated with a Dual Culture System with Epithelial, Pancreatic, and Liver Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9148-9159. [PMID: 30785272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to characterize a phenolic-rich water extract from the pericarp of an improved genotype of Apache red maize (RPE) and evaluate its ability to activate the type 2 diabetes markers free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) and glucokinase (GK) in vitro. The extract contained mainly phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and other flavonoids. RPE inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 88.3 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 169.3 μg/mL), and reduced glucose transport in a Caco-2 cell monolayer (up to 25%). Furthermore, RPE activated GPR40 (EC50 = 77.7 μg/mL) in pancreatic INS-1E cells and GK (EC50 = 43.4 μg/mL) in liver HepG2 cells, potentially through allosteric modulation. RPE activated GPR40-related insulin secretory pathway and activated the glucose metabolism regulator AMPK (up to 78%). Our results support the hypothesis that foods with a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, such as in the selected variety of maize used, could ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 228 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Laura Chatham
- Department of Crop Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 307 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - John Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 307 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Pavel Somavat
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences , The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , ESCNE 1.618, 1201 West University Dr. , Edinburg , Texas 78539 , United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 228 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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10
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Redan BW, Jablonski JE, Halverson C, Jaganathan J, Mabud MA, Jackson LS. Factors Affecting Transfer of the Heavy Metals Arsenic, Lead, and Cadmium from Diatomaceous-Earth Filter Aids to Alcoholic Beverages during Laboratory-Scale Filtration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2670-2678. [PMID: 30784277 PMCID: PMC9116435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Filtration methods for alcoholic fermented beverages often use filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (DE), which may contain elevated amounts of the heavy metals arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). Here, we evaluated factors affecting transfer of these heavy metals from DE to beer and wine. A laboratory-scale filtration system was used to process unfiltered ale, lager, red wine, and white wine with three types of food-grade DE. Filtrate and DE were analyzed for heavy metals using ICP-MS, in addition to LC-ICP-MS for As-speciation analysis. Use of 2 g/L DE containing 5.4 mg/kg soluble inorganic As (iAs) for filtering beer and wine resulted in significant ( p < 0.05) increases of 11.2-13.7 μg/L iAs in the filtered beverage. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) effect from the DE quantity used in filtration on the transfer of iAs in all beverage types, whereas no alterations were observed for Pb and Cd levels. Methods to wash DE using water, citric acid, or EDTA all significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced iAs concentrations, whereas only EDTA significantly reduced Pb levels. Cd concentrations were not affected by any wash method. These data indicate that specific steps can be taken to limit heavy-metal transfer from DE filter aids to beer and wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Redan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology
| | - Joseph E. Jablonski
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology
| | - Catherine Halverson
- U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Scientific Services Division
| | - James Jaganathan
- U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Scientific Services Division
| | - Md. Abdul Mabud
- U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Scientific Services Division
| | - Lauren S. Jackson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology
- Corresponding author: Tel: 708-924-0616; Fax: 708-924-0690;
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11
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Solverson PM, Rumpler WV, Leger JL, Redan BW, Ferruzzi MG, Baer DJ, Castonguay TW, Novotny JA. Blackberry Feeding Increases Fat Oxidation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Males. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081048. [PMID: 30096878 PMCID: PMC6115824 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries and other anthocyanin-rich treatments have prevented weight gain and adiposity in rodent models of diet-induced obesity. Their efficacy may be explained by modulation of energy substrate utilization. However, this effect has never been translated to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of berry intake on energy substrate use and glucoregulation in volunteers consuming a high-fat diet. Twenty-seven overweight or obese men were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with two treatment periods. Subjects were fed an investigator controlled, high-fat (40% of energy from fat) diet which contained either 600 g/day blackberries (BB, 1500 mg/day flavonoids) or a calorie and carbohydrate matched amount of gelatin (GEL, flavonoid-free control) for seven days prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test (MTT) in combination with a 24 h stay in a room-sized indirect calorimeter. The washout period that separated the treatment periods was also seven days. The BB treatment resulted in a significant reduction in average 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ) (0.810 vs. 0.817, BB vs. GEL, p = 0.040), indicating increased fat oxidation. RQ during the MTT was significantly lower with the BB treatment (0.84) compared to GEL control (0.85), p = 0.004. A 4 h time isolation during dinner showed similar treatment effects, where RQ was reduced and fat oxidation increased with BB (0.818 vs. 0.836, 28 vs. 25 g, respectively; BB vs. GEL treatments). The glucose AUC was not different between the BB and GEL treatments during the MTT (3488 vs. 4070 mg·min/dL, respectively, p = 0.12). However, the insulin AUC was significantly lower with the BB compared to the GEL control (6485 vs. 8245 µU·min/mL, p = 0.0002), and HOMA-IR improved with BB (p = 0.0318). Blackberry consumption may promote increased fat oxidation and improved insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese males fed a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Solverson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - William V Rumpler
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Jayme L Leger
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Redan
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - David J Baer
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Thomas W Castonguay
- Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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12
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Nohara C, Yokoyama D, Tanaka W, Sogon T, Sakono M, Sakakibara H. Daily Consumption of Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extracts Increases the Absorption Rate of Anthocyanins in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7958-7964. [PMID: 29969899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of daily consumption of anthocyanins on bioavailability has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether daily consumption affects the absorption rate of anthocyanins in rats when consumed during the active and sleep phase. Eighty rats were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consumed AIN-93G control diets, and the second group consumed AIN-93G diets containing 1% bilberry extract for 2 weeks. After 12 h fast, anthocyanins were not detected in plasma of rats. Bilberry extract (500 mg/kg body weight) was then orally administered at the beginning of the diurnal light period (ZT0, sleep phase) or at the end of the diurnal light period (ZT12, active phase). Blood concentrations of anthocyanins peaked 1 h after administration in both groups. Maximum blood concentration in rats that consumed bilberry extract daily (852 nM) was higher than that in control rats (630 nM) when the extract was administered at ZT0 but not at ZT12. Daily consumption of anthocyanins increases their absorption rate, but this effect is limited to the beginning of the sleep phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Nohara
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Daigo Yokoyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd. , Sanko Building, 22 Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma , Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8008 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Sakono
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakakibara
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
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13
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Cremonini E, Mastaloudis A, Hester SN, Verstraeten SV, Anderson M, Wood SM, Waterhouse AL, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Anthocyanins inhibit tumor necrosis alpha-induced loss of Caco-2 cell barrier integrity. Food Funct 2017; 8:2915-2923. [PMID: 28740990 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An increased permeability of the intestinal barrier is proposed as a major event in the pathophysiology of conditions characterized by chronic gut inflammation. This study investigated the capacity of pure anthocyanins (AC), and berry and rice extracts containing different types and amounts of AC, to inhibit tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα)-induced permeabilization of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Caco-2 cells differentiated into intestinal epithelial cell monolayers were incubated in the absence/presence of TNFα, with or without the addition of AC or AC-rich plant extracts (ACRE). AC and ACRE inhibited TNFα-induced loss of monolayer permeability as assessed by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular transport of FITC-dextran. In the range of concentrations tested (0.25-1 μM), O-glucosides of cyanidin, and delphinidin, but not those of malvidin, peonidin and petunidin protected the monolayer from TNFα-induced decrease of TEER and increase of FITC-dextran permeability. Cyanidin and delphinidin acted by mitigating TNFα-triggered activation of transcription factor NF-κB, and downstream phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). The protective actions of the ACRE on TNFα-induced TEER increase was positively correlated with the sum of cyanidins and delphinidins (r2 = 0.83) content in the ACRE. However, no correlation was observed between TEER and ACRE total AC, malvidin, or peonidin content. Results support a particular capacity of cyanidins and delphinidins in the protection of the intestinal barrier against inflammation-induced permeabilization, in part through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra V Verstraeten
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Instituto de Quimica y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maureen Anderson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Wood
- Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew L Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. and Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. and Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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