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Chowardhara B, Saha B, Awasthi JP, Deori BB, Nath R, Roy S, Sarkar S, Santra SC, Hossain A, Moulick D. An assessment of nanotechnology-based interventions for cleaning up toxic heavy metal/metalloid-contaminated agroecosystems: Potentials and issues. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142178. [PMID: 38704049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most dangerous environmental variables for a variety of life forms, including crops. Accumulation of HMs in consumables and their subsequent transmission to the food web are serious concerns for scientific communities and policy makers. The function of essential plant cellular macromolecules is substantially hampered by HMs, which eventually have a detrimental effect on agricultural yield. Among these HMs, three were considered, i.e., arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, in this review, from agro-ecosystem perspective. Compared with conventional plant growth regulators, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is a relatively recent, successful, and promising method among the many methods employed to address or alleviate the toxicity of HMs. The ability of NPs to reduce HM mobility in soil, reduce HM availability, enhance the ability of the apoplastic barrier to prevent HM translocation inside the plant, strengthen the plant's antioxidant system by significantly enhancing the activities of many enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and increase the generation of specialized metabolites together support the effectiveness of NPs as stress relievers. In this review article, to assess the efficacy of various NP types in ameliorating HM toxicity in plants, we adopted a 'fusion approach', in which a machine learning-based analysis was used to systematically highlight current research trends based on which an extensive literature survey is planned. A holistic assessment of HMs and NMs was subsequently carried out to highlight the future course of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaben Chowardhara
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh-792103, India.
| | - Bedabrata Saha
- Plant Pathology and Weed Research Department, Newe Ya'ar Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay-3009500, Israel.
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Department of Botany, Government College Lamta, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh 481551, India.
| | - Biswajit Bikom Deori
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh 792103, India.
| | - Ratul Nath
- Department of Life-Science, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam-786004, India.
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, P.O.- NBU, Dist- Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Division of Agronomy, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur Campus, Kolkata, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
| | - Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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Thiruvengadam M, Chi HY, Kim SH. Impact of nanopollution on plant growth, photosynthesis, toxicity, and metabolism in the agricultural sector: An updated review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108370. [PMID: 38271861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides distinct benefits to numerous industrial and commercial fields, and has developed into a discipline of intense interest to researchers. Nanoparticles (NPs) have risen to prominence in modern agriculture due to their use in agrochemicals, nanofertilizers, and nanoremediation. However, their potential negative impacts on soil and water ecosystems, as well as plant growth and physiology, have caused concern for researchers and policymakers. Concerns have been expressed regarding the ecological consequences and toxicity effects associated with nanoparticles as a result of their increased production and usage. Moreover, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the environment poses a risk, not only because of the possibility of plant damage but also because nanoparticles may infiltrate the food chain. In this review, we have documented the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on seed germination, shoot and root growth, plant biomass, and nutrient assimilation. Nanoparticles exert toxic effects by inducing ROS generation and stimulating cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, thereby leading to cell death in several plant species. We have provided possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles induce toxicity in plants. In addition to the toxic effects of NPs, we highlighted the importance of nanomaterials in the agricultural sector. Thus, understanding the structure, size, and concentration of nanoparticles that will improve plant growth or induce plant cell death is essential. This updated review reveals the multifaceted connection between nanoparticles, soil and water pollution, and plant biology in the context of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Gao J, Liu Y, Zhao D, Ding Y, Gao L, Su X, Song K, He X. CeO 2NP priming enhances the seed vigor of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1264698. [PMID: 38264026 PMCID: PMC10803516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1264698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a common environmental problem that seriously threatens crop yield and food security, especially through its impact on seed germination. Nanoparticle priming, an emerging seed treatment method, is receiving increasing attention in improving crop yield and stress resistance. This study used alfalfa seeds as materials to explore the potential benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2NP) priming to promote seed germination and improve salt tolerance. CeO2NPs at concentrations up to 500 mg/L were able to significantly alleviate salt stress in alfalfa seeds (200 mM), with 50 mg/L of CeO2NP having the best effect, significantly (P< 0.05) increasing germination potential (from 4.0% to 51.3%), germination rate (from 10.0% to 62.7%), root length (from 8.3 cm to 23.1 cm), and seedling length (from 9.8 cm to 13.7 cm). Priming treatment significantly (P< 0.05) increased seed water absorption by removing seed hardness and also reducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents to relieve seed dormancy. CeO2NP priming increased α-amylase activity and osmoregulatory substance level, decreased reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde contents and relative conductivity, and increased catalase enzyme activity. Seed priming regulated carotenoid, zeatin, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, among other metabolic pathways, while CeO2NP priming additionally promoted the enrichment of α-linolenic acid and diterpenoid hormone metabolic pathways under salt stress. In addition, CeO2NPs enhanced α-amylase activity (by 6.55%) in vitro. The optimal tested concentration (50 mg/L) of CeO2NPs was able to improve the seed vigor, enhance the activity of α-amylase, regulate the osmotic level and endogenous hormone levels, and improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa seeds. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a simple seed treatment strategy that can improve crop stress resistance, which is of great importance for reducing agricultural costs and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueqing He
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Eevera T, Kumaran S, Djanaguiraman M, Thirumaran T, Le QH, Pugazhendhi A. Unleashing the potential of nanoparticles on seed treatment and enhancement for sustainable farming. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116849. [PMID: 37558116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The foremost challenge in farming is the storage of seeds after harvest and maintaining seed quality during storage. In agriculture, studies showed positive impacts of nanotechnology on plant development, seed storage, endurance under various types of stress, detection of seed damages, and seed quality. Seed's response varies with different types of nanoparticles depending on its physical and biochemical properties and plant species. Herein, we aim to cover the impact of nanoparticles on seed coating, dormancy, germination, seedling, nutrition, plant growth, stress conditions protection, and storage. Although the seed treatment by nanopriming has been shown to improve seed germination, seedling development, stress tolerance, and seedling growth, their full potential was not realized at the field level. Sustainable nano-agrochemicals and technology could provide good seed quality with less environmental toxicity. The present review critically discusses eco-friendly strategies that can be employed for the nanomaterial seed treatment and seed enhancement process to increase seedling vigor under different conditions. Also, an integrated approach involving four innovative concepts, namely green co-priming, nano-recycling of agricultural wastes, nano-pairing, and customized nanocontainer storage, has been proposed to acclimatize nanotechnology in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilmani Eevera
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Kumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Vallam, Thanjavur, 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanabalu Thirumaran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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Santás-Miguel V, Arias-Estévez M, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Arenas-Lago D. Use of metal nanoparticles in agriculture. A review on the effects on plant germination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122222. [PMID: 37482337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nanotechnology has become a powerful tool to help crops and improve agricultural production in the context of a growing world population. However, its application can have some problems with the development of harvests, especially during germination. This review evaluates nanoparticles with essential (Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn) and non-essential (Ag and Ti) elements on plant germination. In general, the effect of nanoparticles depends on several factors (dose, treatment time, application method, type of nanoparticle and plant). In addition, pH and ionic strength are relevant when applying nanoparticles to the soil. In the case of essential element nanoparticles, Fe nanoparticles show better results in improving nutrient uptake, improving germination, and the possibility of magnetic properties could favor their use in the removal of pollutants. In the case of Cu and Zn nanoparticles, they can be beneficial at low concentrations, while their excess presents toxicity and negatively affects germination. About nanoparticles of non-essential elements, both Ti and Ag nanoparticles can be helpful for nutrient uptake. However, their potential effects depend highly on the crop type, particle size and concentration. Overall, nanotechnology in agriculture is still in its early stages of development, and more research is needed to understand potential environmental and public health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Santás-Miguel
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola. Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden.
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola. Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola. Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola. Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Shelar A, Nile SH, Singh AV, Rothenstein D, Bill J, Xiao J, Chaskar M, Kai G, Patil R. Recent Advances in Nano-Enabled Seed Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges, Risk Assessment, and Future Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 36795339 PMCID: PMC9935810 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors, adversely affecting seed vigor, crop growth, and crop productivity. Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination, but they can also cause damage to the environment; therefore, sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed. Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment, thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However, the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety, exposure levels, and toxicological implications to the environment and human health. In the present comprehensive review, the development, scope, challenges, and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed. Moreover, the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments, their commercialization potential, and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed. Based on our knowledge, this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations, their scope, and potential risks associated with seed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Manohar Chaskar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Cembrowska-Lech D, Rybak K. Nanopriming of Barley Seeds-A Shotgun Approach to Improve Germination under Salt Stress Conditions by Regulating of Reactive Oxygen Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:405. [PMID: 36679118 PMCID: PMC9864488 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the most important environmental factors affecting seed germination, and negatively affect crop production worldwide. Water availability is essential for proper seed imbibition and germination. The mechanism by which seeds can germinate in areas with high soil salinity is, however, still unclear. The present study aims to investigate the protective roles of AgNPs in alleviating stress symptoms caused by salinity exposure in barley seeds. For this purpose, different treatment combinations of seed priming with PVP-AgNPs in salinity stress conditions were used. Salt stress (150 and 200 mM) was found to reduce seed germination by 100% when compared to the control. Under NaCl concentrations, seed priming with PVP-AgNPs (40 mg L-1) only for 2 h, reduced salinity effects. Salinity resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared to the control. However, increased antioxidants in the NPs treatments, such as SOD, CAT, GR, GPX (expression at both genes, such as HvSOD, HvCAT, HvGR or HvGPX, and protein levels) and glutathione content, scavenged these ROS. Considering all of the parameters under study, priming alleviated salt stress. To summarize, seed priming with AgNPs has the potential to alleviate salinity stress via reduced ROS generation and activation of the antioxidant enzymatic system during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kinga Rybak
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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Khan MN, Fu C, Li J, Tao Y, Li Y, Hu J, Chen L, Khan Z, Wu H, Li Z. Seed nanopriming: How do nanomaterials improve seed tolerance to salinity and drought? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136911. [PMID: 36270526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt and drought stress are major environmental issues world-widely. These stresses can result in failures of seed germination, limiting agricultural production. New approaches are needed to increase crop production, ensuring food safety, quality, and agriculture sustainability. Nanopriming (priming seeds with nanomaterials) is an emerging seed technology improving crop production under the drastic climate change associated with stress factors. The present review not only provided an overview of nanopriming achieved salt and drought tolerance but also tried to discuss the behind mechanisms. We argued that the physico-chemical properties of the nanomaterials are key factors affecting their negative or positive effects on seed germination in terms of seed nanopriming. Furthermore, we highlighted the possible critical role of seed coat anatomy in effective nanopriming, in terms of saving costs and reducing biosafety issues. This review aims to help researchers to better understand and follow this fast-developing, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunpeng Tao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zaid Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Tasar N. Mitotic effects of copper oxide nanoparticle on root development and root tip cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3895-3907. [PMID: 36205237 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) is used widely in many fields in nanotechnology. For this reason, both production, use, and release to the environment are increasing with each passing day. With the increased use of products that contain nanoparticles (NP) (<100 nm), plants and organisms that constitute the food chain are at risk. In the present study, Phaseolus vulgaris L., a very common food plant, was exposed to metal-based CuO NPs. The anomalies that were caused by CuO NP in germination and mitosis of P. vulgaris were investigated. In the trials, a total of 4 groups (Control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm) were formed and examined in three replications. The determination of the accumulation and elimination rate because of NPs in P. vulgaris that was used in the study was made through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mapping image, and EDX characteristic spectrum analysis. Also, the mitotic effects on germination, root development, and root tip cells of seeds that were grown by treatment with control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm concentrations were investigated. The study was conducted in three replications in a laboratory setting. All concentrations of CuO NPs caused significant decreases in the mitotic index in the root tip cells of P. vulgaris when compared to the control. The mitotic index reached the lowest level, especially at the highest concentration. Multiple analyzes in the study showed that CuO NPs cause abnormalities in cell division such as C-metaphase, distorted metaphase, distorted anaphase and telophase, chromosome breakage, asynchronous division, advanced chromosomes, micronucleus, and loss of genetic material. These findings also support that the Cytogenetic Test of P. vulgaris can be used to evaluate the genotoxicity of new nanomaterials that are used in many consumer products. In this respect, NPs that are taken up by the organisms in the food chain may pose a danger to higher consumer organisms when they accumulate in the tissue. A control mechanism must be established for the use and contamination of these particles and wider studies must be conducted regarding their effects. HIGHLIGHTS: The effects of CuO nanoparticle, which has a very wide usage area, on root development and mitosis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant were investigated in the study. The abnormalities of mitotic division on interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase were visualized. Evaluation was made considering scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Tasar
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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Jiang Y, Zhou P, Zhang P, Adeel M, Shakoor N, Li Y, Li M, Guo M, Zhao W, Lou B, Wang L, Lynch I, Rui Y. Green synthesis of metal-based nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119755. [PMID: 35839973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale use of conventional pesticides and fertilizers has put tremendous pressure on agriculture and the environment. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have become the focus of many fields due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness and high performance, especially in sustainable agriculture. Traditional NPs manufacturing methods are energy-intensive and harmful to environment. In contrast, synthesizing metal-based NPs using plants is similar to chemical synthesis, except the biological extracts replace the chemical reducing agent. This not only greatly reduces the used of traditional chemicals, but also produces NPs that are more economical, efficient, less toxic, and less polluting. Therefore, green synthesized metal nanoparticles (GS-MNPs) are widely used in agriculture to improve yields and quality. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed discussion of GS-MNPs for agriculture, highlights the importance of green synthesis, compares the performance of conventional NPs with GS-MNPs, and highlights the advantages of GS-MNPs in agriculture. The wide applications of these GS-MNPs in agriculture, including plant growth promotion, plant disease control, and heavy metal stress mitigation under various exposure pathways, are summarized. Finally, the shortcomings and prospects of GS-MNPs in agricultural applications are highlighted to provide guidance to nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Manlin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Benzhen Lou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; China Agricultural University Professor's Workstation of Yuhuangmiao Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China; China Agricultural University Professor's Workstation of Sunji Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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11
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Feng Y, Kreslavski VD, Shmarev AN, Ivanov AA, Zharmukhamedov SK, Kosobryukhov A, Yu M, Allakhverdiev SI, Shabala S. Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Distribution of Mineral Elements in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141894. [PMID: 35890527 PMCID: PMC9322615 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are considered potential agents for agriculture as fertilizers and growth enhancers. However, their action spectrum differs strongly, depending on the type of NP, its concentrations, and plant species per se, ranging from growth stimulation to toxicity. This work aimed to investigate effects of iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs on growth, photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant activity, and leaf mineral content of wheat plants. Wheat seeds were treated with NP for 3 h and plants were grown in the soil at two light intensities, 120 and 300 μmol (photons) m−2·s−1, followed by physiological assessment at several time points. High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. This effect depended on both the light intensity during plant growth and the age of the plants. Regardless of concentration and light intensity, an effect of NPs on the primary photochemical processes was not observed. Seed treatment with NP also led to increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves. Treatment with Fe3O4 also led to noticeable increases in the leaf Fe, P, and K content. It is concluded that iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based NP could enhance plant growth by improving photosynthetic performance and the availability of Fe and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Feng
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Alexander N Shmarev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Anatoli A Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Sergey K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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12
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhao X, Ji Y, Mei R, Fu L, Man M, Ma J, Wang X, Chen L. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering labeled nanoplastic models for reliable bio-nano interaction investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127959. [PMID: 34891014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted great attention as an emerging pollution. To date, their interaction with biological systems has been studied mostly by using fluorescent-labeled NPs, which suffered from serious drawbacks such as biological autofluorescence interference and false-positive results. Reliable optically labeled NP models are eagerly desired until now. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) labeled NP model was proposed, which gained single-particle ultra-sensitivity, deep tissue detection, multiplex labeling ability, and anti-interference property. More importantly, the NP demonstrated satisfactory in vivo signal stability which completely prevented the positive-false problems. The advantages of the NPs enabled direct, dynamic in vivo behavior imaging study in living zebrafish embryo, adult zebrafish and green vegetable Brassica rapa. It was found for the first time that NPs entered blood circulation system of zebrafish larva via dermal uptake route, which only occurred in a short 48 h-window post-hatch. NPs widely distributed in roots, shoots and leaves of Brassica rapa seedlings germinating and growing in the NP-containing hydroponic culture. Different depths of one root showed varied adsorption capabilities towards NPs with fulvic acid, lipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate eco-coronas. This work provided an ideal tool for reliable bio-NP interaction study for a variety of organisms, which could promote the research of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xizhen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunxia Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingsan Man
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Urban Sewage Treatment and Resource Recovery, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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13
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Shelar A, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Laux P, Luch A, Gemmati D, Tisato V, Singh SP, Santilli MF, Shelar A, Chaskar M, Patil R. Sustainable Agriculture through Multidisciplinary Seed Nanopriming: Prospects of Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:2428. [PMID: 34572078 PMCID: PMC8472472 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global community decided in 2015 to improve people's lives by 2030 by setting 17 global goals for sustainable development. The second goal of this community was to end hunger. Plant seeds are an essential input in agriculture; however, during their developmental stages, seeds can be negatively affected by environmental stresses, which can adversely affect seed vigor, seedling establishment, and crop production. Seeds resistant to high salinity, droughts and climate change can result in higher crop yield. The major findings suggested in this review refer nanopriming as an emerging seed technology towards sustainable food amid growing demand with the increasing world population. This novel growing technology could influence the crop yield and ensure the quality and safety of seeds, in a sustainable way. When nanoprimed seeds are germinated, they undergo a series of synergistic events as a result of enhanced metabolism: modulating biochemical signaling pathways, trigger hormone secretion, reduce reactive oxygen species leading to improved disease resistance. In addition to providing an overview of the challenges and limitations of seed nanopriming technology, this review also describes some of the emerging nano-seed priming methods for sustainable agriculture, and other technological developments using cold plasma technology and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.M.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.G.); (V.T.)
| | | | | | - Akanksha Shelar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Manohar Chaskar
- Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pune 411044, India;
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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14
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Essa HL, Abdelfattah MS, Marzouk AS, Shedeed Z, Guirguis HA, El-Sayed MMH. Biogenic copper nanoparticles from Avicennia marina leaves: Impact on seed germination, detoxification enzymes, chlorophyll content and uptake by wheat seedlings. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249764. [PMID: 33857218 PMCID: PMC8049258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were synthesized using the aqueous crude extract of mangrove leaves, Avicennia marina (CE). GC-MS metabolite profiling of CE showed that their carbohydrates are mainly composed of D-mannose (29.21%), D-fructose, (18.51%), L-sorbose (12.91%), D-galactose (5.47%) and D-Talose (5.21%). Ultra-fine nanoparticles of 11.60 ±4.65 nm comprising Cu2O and Cu(OH)2 species were obtained with a carbohydrate and phenolic content of 35.6±3.2% and 3.13±0.05 mgGA/g, respectively. The impact of the biogenic Cu NPs on wheat seedling growth was dose-dependent. Upon treatment with 0.06 mg/mL of Cu NPs, the growth was promoted by 172.78 ± 23.11 and 215.94 ± 37.76% for wheat root and shoot, respectively. However, the lowest relative growth % of 81.94 ± 11.70 and 72.46 ± 18.78% were recorded for wheat root and shoot, respectively when applying 0.43 mg/mL of Cu NPs. At this concentration, peroxidase activity (POX) of the germinated wheat seeds also decreased, while ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities increased. Higher uptake of copper was observed in the root relative to the shoot implying the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the former. The uptake was also higher than that of the commercial Cu NPs, which showed an insignificant effect on the seedling growth. By treating the wheat leaves in foliar application with 0.06 mg/mL of Cu NPs, their contents of Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were enhanced after 21 days of application. Meanwhile, the high concentration (0.43 mg/mL) of Cu NPs was the most effective in reducing the leaf content of chlorophyll (a, b, and total) after the same time of application. The findings of this study manifest the potential of utilizing controlled doses of the prepared biogenic Cu NPs for inhibition or stimulation of seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa L. Essa
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Pesticides Phytotoxicity Department, CAPL, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
- Natural Products Research Unit (NPRU), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Marzouk
- Pesticides Phytotoxicity Department, CAPL, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Shedeed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hania A. Guirguis
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Nanotechnology Potential in Seed Priming for Sustainable Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020267. [PMID: 33498531 PMCID: PMC7909549 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our agriculture is threatened by climate change and the depletion of resources and biodiversity. A new agriculture revolution is needed in order to increase the production of crops and ensure the quality and safety of food, in a sustainable way. Nanotechnology can contribute to the sustainability of agriculture. Seed nano-priming is an efficient process that can change seed metabolism and signaling pathways, affecting not only germination and seedling establishment but also the entire plant lifecycle. Studies have shown various benefits of using seed nano-priming, such as improved plant growth and development, increased productivity, and a better nutritional quality of food. Nano-priming modulates biochemical pathways and the balance between reactive oxygen species and plant growth hormones, resulting in the promotion of stress and diseases resistance outcoming in the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers. The present review provides an overview of advances in the field, showing the challenges and possibilities concerning the use of nanotechnology in seed nano-priming, as a contribution to sustainable agricultural practices.
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16
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Wang W, Ren Y, He J, Zhang L, Wang X, Cui Z. Impact of copper oxide nanoparticles on the germination, seedling growth, and physiological responses in Brassica pekinensis L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31505-31515. [PMID: 32495199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wide application of nanoparticles causes considerable environmental, health, and safety problems. However, their potential impact and mechanisms on plant growth are not completely clear. In the present study, the effects of different concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) on seed germination and seedling growth, as well as physiological parameters of Brassica pekinensis L., were investigated. The seeds were exposed to 10-, 100-, and 1000-mg L-1 nCuO suspensions and 0.8-mg L-1 Cu2+ released from 1000-mg L-1 nCuO for 7 day. The results showed that nCuO did not affect the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of B. pekinensis but significantly affected the vitality index. The growth of roots and shoots of B. pekinensis was promoted at 10-mg L-1 nCuO, while they were inhibited under 1000-mg L-1 nCuO and Cu2+ ion treatments, and roots suffered more damage than shoots. Cu content in shoots and roots of B. pekinensis increased with increasing concentrations of nCuO, which is significantly higher in roots as compared with shoots. Roots and shoots accumulated more Cu under nCuO treatments compared with Cu2+ ion treatment. nCuO treatments led to significant lignification in roots of B. pekinensis. Furthermore, nCuO increased in the contents of soluble sugar and protein in shoots, while nCuO at 1000 mg L-1 significantly inhibited the content of soluble protein in roots. In addition, concentration-dependent augmentation of lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide generation, and antioxidant enzyme activity were noticed in shoots and roots of B. pekinensis seedlings under nCuO and Cu2+ ion treatments. Altogether, the results strongly suggested that the phytotoxicity of nCuO in B. pekinensis was caused by both the nanoparticles itself and the released Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luyun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Cui
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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17
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Carvalho CR, Dias AC, Homma SK, Cardoso EJ. Phyllosphere bacterial assembly in citrus crop under conventional and ecological management. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9152. [PMID: 32547860 PMCID: PMC7274167 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergences between agricultural management can result in different types of biological interactions between plants and microorganisms, which may affect food quality and productivity. Conventional practices are well-established in the agroindustry as very efficient and lucrative; however, the increasing demand for sustainable alternatives has turned attention towards agroecological approaches. Here we intend to explore microbial dynamics according to the agricultural management used, based on the composition and structure of these bacterial communities on the most environmentally exposed habitat, the phyllosphere. Leaf samples were collected from a Citrus crop (cultivated Orange) in Mogi-Guaçu (SP, Brazil), where either conventional or ecological management systems were properly applied in two different areas. NGS sequencing analysis and quantitative PCR allowed us to comprehend the phyllosphere behavior and µ-XRF (micro X-ray fluorescence) could provide an insight on agrochemical persistence on foliar tissues. Our results demonstrate that there is considerable variation in the phyllosphere community due to the management practices used in the citrus orchard, and it was possible to quantify most of this variation. Equally, high copper concentrations may have influenced bacterial abundance, having a relevant impact on the differences observed. Moreover, we highlight the intricate relationship microorganisms have with crop production, and presumably with crop yield as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolinne R Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armando Cf Dias
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elke Jbn Cardoso
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Lau ECHT, Carvalho LB, Pereira AES, Montanha GS, Corrêa CG, Carvalho HWP, Ganin AY, Fraceto LF, Yiu HHP. Localization of Coated Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles on Tomato Seeds and Their Effects on Growth. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4109-4117. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. H. T. Lau
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Lucas B. Carvalho
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Sorocaba CEP 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson E. S. Pereira
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Sorocaba CEP 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. Montanha
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416000, Brazil
| | - Camila G. Corrêa
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416000, Brazil
| | - Hudson W. P. Carvalho
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416000, Brazil
| | - Alexey Y. Ganin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Leonardo F. Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Sorocaba CEP 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Humphrey H. P. Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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19
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Montanha GS, Rodrigues ES, Marques JPR, de Almeida E, Colzato M, Pereira de Carvalho HW. Zinc nanocoated seeds: an alternative to boost soybean seed germination and seedling development. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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20
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Montanha GS, Rodrigues ES, Marques JPR, de Almeida E, Dos Reis AR, Pereira de Carvalho HW. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) applied to plant science: challenges towards in vivo analysis of plants. Metallomics 2020; 12:183-192. [PMID: 31793600 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is an analytical tool used to determine the elemental composition in a myriad of sample matrices. Due to the XRF non-destructive feature, this technique may allow time-resolved plant tissue analyses under in vivo conditions, and additionally, the combination with other non-destructive techniques. In this study, we employed handheld and benchtop XRF to evaluate the elemental distribution changes in living plant tissues exposed to X-rays, as well as real-time uptake kinetics of Zn(aq) and Mn(aq) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) stem and leaves, for 48 hours, combined with transpiration rate assessment on leaves by an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). We found higher Zn content than Mn in stems. The latter micronutrient, in turn, presented higher concentration in leaf veins. Besides, both micronutrients were more concentrated in the first trifolium (i.e., youngest leaf) of soybean plants. Moreover, the transpiration rate was more influenced by circadian cycles than Zn and Mn uptake. Thus, XRF represents a convenient tool for in vivo nutritional studies in plants, and it can be coupled successfully to other analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sgarbiero Montanha
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Santos Rodrigues
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Rodrigues Marques
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
| | | | - Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
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21
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Rajput V, Minkina T, Ahmed B, Sushkova S, Singh R, Soldatov M, Laratte B, Fedorenko A, Mandzhieva S, Blicharska E, Musarrat J, Saquib Q, Flieger J, Gorovtsov A. Interaction of Copper-Based Nanoparticles to Soil, Terrestrial, and Aquatic Systems: Critical Review of the State of the Science and Future Perspectives. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 252:51-96. [PMID: 31286265 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, increased production and usage of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have inevitably increased their discharge into the different compartments of the environment, which ultimately paved the way for their uptake and accumulation in various trophic levels of the food chain. Due to these issues, several questions have been raised on the usage of NPs in everyday life and have become a matter of public health concern. Among the metallic NPs, Cu-based NPs have gained popularity due to their cost-effectiveness and multifarious promising uses. Several studies in the past represented the phytotoxicity of Cu-based NPs on plants. However, comprehensive knowledge is still lacking. Additionally, the impact of Cu-based NPs on soil organisms such as agriculturally important microbes, fungi, mycorrhiza, nematode, and earthworms is poorly studied. This review article critically analyses the literature data to achieve a more comprehensive knowledge on the toxicological profile of Cu-based NPs and increase our understanding of the effects of Cu-based NPs on aquatic and terrestrial plants as well as on soil microbial communities. The underlying mechanism of biotransformation of Cu-based NPs and the process of their penetration into plants have also been discussed herein. Overall, this review could provide valuable information to design rules and regulations for the safe disposal of Cu-based NPs into a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mikhail Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Center, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Bertrand Laratte
- Département de Conception, Industrialisation, Risque, Décision, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Alexey Fedorenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrey Gorovtsov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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22
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Kranjc E, Drobne D. Nanomaterials in Plants: A Review of Hazard and Applications in the Agri-Food Sector. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1094. [PMID: 31366106 PMCID: PMC6723683 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural food crop plants interact with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from the application of agri-food nanotechnologies and from unintentional emissions originating from other nanotechnologies. Both types of exposure present implications for agricultural yield and quality, food chain transfer, and environmental and human health. In this review, the most recent findings from agricultural plant-ENM studies published in 2017 and 2018 are summarized. The aim of this is to identify the current hazard potential of ENMs for plants grown under typical field conditions that originate from both intentional and unintentional exposures and to contribute to knowledge-based decisions on the application of ENMs in food-agriculture. We also address recent knowledge on ENM adsorption, internalization, translocation, and bioaccumulation by plants, ENM impacts on agricultural crop yield and nutrition, and ENM biotransformation. Using adverse effect level concentrations and data on ENM accumulation in environmental matrices, the literature analyses revealed that C-, Ag-, Ce-, and Ti-based ENMs are unlikely to pose a risk to plants grown under typical field conditions, whereas Cu- and Zn-based ENMs require surveillance. Since multiple factors (e.g., ENM concentration, route of exposure, and plant type) influence the effects of ENMs on plants, biomonitoring is recommended for tracking ENM environmental exposure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kranjc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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da Cruz TNM, Savassa SM, Montanha GS, Ishida JK, de Almeida E, Tsai SM, Lavres Junior J, Pereira de Carvalho HW. A new glance on root-to-shoot in vivo zinc transport and time-dependent physiological effects of ZnSO 4 and ZnO nanoparticles on plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10416. [PMID: 31320668 PMCID: PMC6639404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding nanoparticle root uptake and root-to-shoot transport might contribute to the use of nanotechnology in plant nutrition. This study performed time resolved experiments to probe Zn uptake, biotransformation and physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Plants roots were exposed to ZnO nanoparticles (40 and 300 nm) dispersions and ZnSO4(aq) (100 and 1000 mg Zn L−1) for 48 h. Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that 40 nm ZnO was more easily dissolved by roots than 300 nm ZnO. It also showed that in the leaves Zn was found as a mixture Zn3(PO4)2 and Zn-histidine complex. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that root-to-shoot Zn-translocation presented a decreasing gradient of concentration and velocity, it seems radial Zn movement occurs simultaneously to the axial xylem transport. Below 100 mg Zn L−1, the lower stem tissue section served as a buffer preventing Zn from reaching the leaves. Conversely, it was not observed for 1000 mg Zn L−1 ZnSO4(aq). Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding metal carriers indicated higher expression levels of tonoplast-localized transporters, suggesting that the mechanism trend to accumulate Zn in the lower tissues may be associated with an enhanced of Zn compartmentalization in vacuoles. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and water conductance were impaired by treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N M da Cruz
- University of São Paulo, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Susilaine M Savassa
- University of São Paulo, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Montanha
- University of São Paulo, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Juliane K Ishida
- University of São Paulo, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- University of São Paulo, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Siu M Tsai
- University of São Paulo, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - José Lavres Junior
- University of Sao Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil
| | - Hudson W Pereira de Carvalho
- University of São Paulo, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, 13416000, Brazil.
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24
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Rajput VD, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Chokheli V, Soldatov M. Toxicity assessment of metal oxide nanoparticles on terrestrial plants. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS AND PHYTONANOTECHNOLOGY: CHALLENGES FOR PLANT SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Duran NM, Medina-Llamas M, Cassanji JGB, de Lima RG, de Almeida E, Macedo WR, Mattia D, Pereira de Carvalho HW. Bean Seedling Growth Enhancement Using Magnetite Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5746-5755. [PMID: 29799745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced fertilizers are one of the top requirements to address rising global food demand. This study investigates the effect of bare and polyethylene glycol-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the germination and seedling development of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Although the germination rate was not affected by the treatments (1 to 1 000 mg Fe L-1), seed soaking in Fe3O4-PEG at 1 000 mg Fe L-1 increased radicle elongation (8.1 ± 1.1 cm vs 5.9 ± 1.0 cm for the control). Conversely, Fe2+/Fe3+(aq) and bare Fe3O4 at 1 000 mg Fe L-1 prevented the growth. X-ray spectroscopy and tomography showed that Fe penetrated in the seed. Enzymatic assays showed that Fe3O4-PEG was the least harmful treatment to α-amylase. The growth promoted by the Fe3O4-PEG might be related to water uptake enhancement induced by the PEG coating. These results show the potential of using coated iron nanoparticles to enhance the growth of common food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia M Duran
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo 13416000 , Brazil
| | - Maria Medina-Llamas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Bath , BA2 7AY Bath , United Kingdom
| | - João G B Cassanji
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo 13416000 , Brazil
| | - Rafael G de Lima
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo 13416000 , Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo 13416000 , Brazil
| | - Willian R Macedo
- Crop Physiology and Metabolism Lab , Institute of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Viçosa , Campus Rio Paranaíba , Rio Paranaíba , Minas Gerais 38810000 , Brazil
| | - Davide Mattia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Bath , BA2 7AY Bath , United Kingdom
| | - Hudson W Pereira de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo 13416000 , Brazil
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26
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Rodrigues ES, Gomes MHF, Duran NM, Cassanji JGB, da Cruz TNM, Sant’Anna Neto A, Savassa SM, de Almeida E, Carvalho HWP. Laboratory Microprobe X-Ray Fluorescence in Plant Science: Emerging Applications and Case Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1588. [PMID: 30487802 PMCID: PMC6246888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo and micro chemical analytical methods have the potential to improve our understanding of plant metabolism and development. Benchtop microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-XRF) presents a huge potential for facing this challenge. Excitation beams of 30 μm and 1 mm in diameter were employed to address questions in seed technology, phytopathology, plant physiology, and bioremediation. Different elements were analyzed in several situations of agronomic interest: (i) Examples of μ-XRF yielding quantitative maps that reveal the spatial distribution of zinc in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) primed seeds. (ii) Chemical images daily recorded at a soybean leaf (Glycine max) infected by anthracnose showed that phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium trended to concentrate in the disease spot. (iii) In vivo measurements at the stem of P. vulgaris showed that under root exposure, manganese is absorbed and transported nearly 10-fold faster than iron. (iv) Quantitative maps showed that the lead distribution in a leaf of Eucalyptus hybrid was not homogenous, this element accumulated mainly in the leaf border and midrib, the lead hotspots reached up to 13,400 mg lead kg-1 fresh tissue weight. These case studies highlight the ability of μ-XRF in performing qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of fresh and living plant tissues. Thus, it can probe dynamic biological phenomena non-destructively and in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S. Rodrigues
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. F. Gomes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Nádia M. Duran
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - João G. B. Cassanji
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana N. M. da Cruz
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Analder Sant’Anna Neto
- Physiology of Trees Laboratory, Department of Forest Science, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Susilaine M. Savassa
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Hudson W. P. Carvalho
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Hudson W. P. Carvalho,
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