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Titus T, Vishnu EK, Garai A, Dutta SK, Sandeep K, Shelke A, Ajithkumar TG, Shaji A, Pradhan N, Thomas KG. Biexciton Emission in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals: Polar Facet Matters. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10434-10442. [PMID: 39141763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The metal halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit a remarkable tolerance to midgap defect states, resulting in high photoluminescence quantum yields. However, the potential of these nanocrystals for applications in display devices is hindered by the suppression of biexcitonic emission due to various Auger recombination processes. By adopting single-particle photoluminescence spectroscopy, herein, we establish that the biexcitonic quantum efficiency increases with the increase in the number of facets on cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals, progressing from cube to rhombic dodecahedron to rhombicuboctahedron nanostructures. The observed enhancement is attributed mainly to an increase in their surface polarity as the number of facets increases, which reduces the Coulomb interaction of charge carriers, thereby suppressing Auger recombination. Moreover, Auger recombination rate constants obtained from the time-gated photon correlation studies exhibited a discernible decrease as the number of facets increased. These findings underscore the significance of facet engineering in fine-tuning biexciton emission in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timi Titus
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research with International Engagement (CAMRIE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - E Krishnan Vishnu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Arghyadeep Garai
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Dutta
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kuttysankaran Sandeep
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research with International Engagement (CAMRIE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Ankita Shelke
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Thalasseril G Ajithkumar
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Anil Shaji
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research with International Engagement (CAMRIE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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2
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Ye J, Gaur D, Mi C, Chen Z, Fernández IL, Zhao H, Dong Y, Polavarapu L, Hoye RLZ. Strongly-confined colloidal lead-halide perovskite quantum dots: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8095-8122. [PMID: 38894687 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals enable the realization and exploitation of quantum phenomena in a controlled manner, and can be scaled up for commercial uses. These materials have become important for a wide range of applications, from ultrahigh definition displays, to solar cells, quantum computing, bioimaging, optical communications, and many more. Over the last decade, lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals have rapidly gained prominence as efficient semiconductors. Although the majority of studies have focused on large nanocrystals in the weak- to intermediate-confinement regime, quantum dots (QDs) in the strongly-confined regime (with sizes smaller than the Bohr diameter, which ranges from 4-12 nm for lead-halide perovskites) offer unique opportunities, including polarized light emission and color-pure, stable luminescence in the region that is unattainable by perovskites with single-halide compositions. In this tutorial review, we bring together the latest insights into this emerging and rapidly growing area, focusing on the synthesis, steady-state optical properties (including exciton fine-structure splitting), and transient kinetics (including hot carrier cooling) of strongly-confined perovskite QDs. We also discuss recent advances in their applications, including single photon emission for quantum technologies, as well as light-emitting diodes. We finish with our perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for strongly-confined QDs, particularly around improving the control over monodispersity and stability, important fundamental questions on the photophysics, and paths forward to improve the performance of perovskite QDs in light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Deepika Gaur
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Chenjia Mi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Zijian Chen
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Iago López Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Yitong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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3
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Singha PK, Mukhopadhyay T, Tarif E, Ali F, Datta A. Competition among recombination pathways in single FAPbBr3 nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054704. [PMID: 39087543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Single particle level microscopy of immobilized FAPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) has elucidated the involvement of different processes in their photoluminescence (PL) intermittency. Four different blinking patterns are observed in the data from more than 100 NCs. The dependence of PL decays on PL intensities brought out in fluorescence lifetime intensity distribution (FLID) plots is rationalized by the interplay of exciton- and trion-mediated recombinations along with hot carrier (HC) trapping. The high intensity-long lifetime component is attributed to neutral exciton recombination, the low intensity-short lifetime component is attributed to trion assisted recombination, and the low intensity-long lifetime component is attributed to hot carrier recombination. Change-point analysis (CPA) of the PL blinking data reveals the involvement of multiple intermediate states. Truncated power law distribution is found to be more appropriate than power law and lognormal distribution for on and off events. Probability distributions of PL trajectories of single NCs are obtained for two different excitation fluences and wavelengths (λex = 400, 440 nm). Trapping rate (kT) prevails at higher power densities for both excitation wavelengths. From a careful analysis of the FLID and probability distributions, it is concluded that there is competition between the HC and trion assisted blinking pathways and that the contribution of these mechanisms varies with excitation wavelength as well as fluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajit Kumar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Tamoghna Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ejaj Tarif
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Fariyad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Idosa DA, Abebe M, Mani D, Paduvilan JK, Thottathi L, Thankappan A, Thomas S, Kim JY. Cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals synthesized via supersaturated recrystallization at room temperature: comparison of one-step and two-step processes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4137-4148. [PMID: 39114153 PMCID: PMC11302073 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Over more than a decade, lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have been popular as a next-generation semiconductor for optoelectronics. Later, all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized via supersaturated recrystallization (SR) at room temperature (RT). However, compared to the hot injection (HI) method, the formation mechanism of NCs via SR-RT has not been well studied. Hence, this study will contribute to elucidating SR-RT based on the LaMer model and Hansen solubility parameter. Herein, we also demonstrate the entropy-driven mixing between two dissimilar polar-nonpolar (DMF-toluene) solvents. Next, we find that, in a poor solvent (toluene ≫ DMF in volume), ∼60 nm sized CsPbBr3 NCs were synthesized in one step, whereas in a marginal solvent (toluene ≈ DMF), ∼3.5 nm sized NCs were synthesized in two steps, indicating the importance of solvent polarity, specifically the 'solubility parameter'. In addition, in the presence of a CuBr2 additive, high-quality cubic NCs (with ∼3.8 nm and ∼21.4 nm edge sizes) were synthesized. Hence, through this study, we present a 'solubility parameter-based nanocrystal-size control model' for SR-RT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dula Adugna Idosa
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University P. O. Box 378 Jimma Ethiopia
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University P. O. Box 260 Mizan Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Abebe
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University P. O. Box 378 Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Dhakshnamoorthy Mani
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University P. O. Box 378 Jimma Ethiopia
| | | | - Lishin Thottathi
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via della Garzetta, 48 25133 Brescia BS Italy
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Jung Yong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University P. O. Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University P. O. Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
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5
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Almutlaq J, Liu Y, Mir WJ, Sabatini RP, Englund D, Bakr OM, Sargent EH. Engineering colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals for quantum information processing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:1091-1100. [PMID: 38514820 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Quantum information processing-which relies on spin defects or single-photon emission-has shown quantum advantage in proof-of-principle experiments including microscopic imaging of electromagnetic fields, strain and temperature in applications ranging from battery research to neuroscience. However, critical gaps remain on the path to wider applications, including a need for improved functionalization, deterministic placement, size homogeneity and greater programmability of multifunctional properties. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals can close these gaps in numerous application areas, following years of rapid advances in synthesis and functionalization. In this Review, we specifically focus on three key topics: optical interfaces to long-lived spin states, deterministic placement and delivery for sensing beyond the standard quantum limit, and extensions to multifunctional colloidal quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Almutlaq
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wasim J Mir
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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6
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Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Nguyen HA, Hammel BF, Sharp D, Kline J, Schwartz G, Harvey S, Nishiwaki E, Sandeno SF, Ginger DS, Majumdar A, Yazdi S, Dukovic G, Cossairt BM. Colossal Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot Emitters. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39058675 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon sources are essential for advancing quantum technologies with scalable integration being a crucial requirement. To date, deterministic positioning of single-photon sources in large-scale photonic structures remains a challenge. In this context, colloidal quantum dots (QDs), particularly core/shell configurations, are attractive due to their solution processability. However, traditional QDs are typically small, about 3 to 6 nm, which restricts their deterministic placement and utility in large-scale photonic devices, particularly within optical cavities. The largest existing core/shell QDs are a family of giant CdSe/CdS QDs, with total diameters ranging from about 20 to 50 nm. Pushing beyond this size limit, we introduce a synthesis strategy for colossal CdSe/CdS QDs, with sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm, using a stepwise high-temperature continuous injection method. Electron microscopy reveals a consistent hexagonal diamond morphology composed of 12 semipolar {101̅1} facets and one polar (0001) facet. We also identify conditions where shell growth is disrupted, leading to defects, islands, and mechanical instability, which suggest synthetic requirements for growing crystalline particles beyond 100 nm. The stepwise growth of thick CdS shells on CdSe cores enables the synthesis of emissive QDs with long photoluminescence lifetimes of a few microseconds and suppressed blinking at room temperature. Notably, QDs with 80 and 100 CdS monolayers exhibit high single-photon emission purity with second-order photon correlation g(2)(0) values below 0.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin F Hammel
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Griffin Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samantha Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Emily Nishiwaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soren F Sandeno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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8
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Gallagher S, Kline J, Jahanbakhshi F, Sadighian JC, Lyons I, Shen G, Hammel BF, Yazdi S, Dukovic G, Rappe AM, Ginger DS. Ligand Equilibrium Influences Photoluminescence Blinking in CsPbBr 3: A Change Point Analysis of Widefield Imaging Data. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19208-19219. [PMID: 38982590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescence intermittency remains one of the biggest challenges in realizing perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as scalable single photon emitters. We compare CsPbBr3 QDs capped with different ligands, lecithin, and a combination of oleic acid and oleylamine, to elucidate the role of surface chemistry on photoluminescence intermittency. We employ widefield photoluminescence microscopy to sample the blinking behavior of hundreds of QDs. Using change point analysis, we achieve the robust classification of blinking trajectories, and we analyze representative distributions from large numbers of QDs (Nlecithin = 1308, Noleic acid/oleylamine = 1317). We find that lecithin suppresses blinking in CsPbBr3 QDs compared with oleic acid/oleylamine. Under common experimental conditions, lecithin-capped QDs are 7.5 times more likely to be nonblinking and spend 2.5 times longer in their most emissive state, despite both QDs having nearly identical solution photoluminescence quantum yields. We measure photoluminescence as a function of dilution and show that the differences between lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine capping emerge at low concentrations during preparation for single particle experiments. From experiment and first-principles calculations, we attribute the differences in lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine performance to differences in their ligand binding equilibria. Consistent with our experimental data, density functional theory calculations suggest a stronger binding affinity of lecithin to the QD surface compared to oleic acid/oleylamine, implying a reduced likelihood of ligand desorption during dilution. These results suggest that using more tightly binding ligands is a necessity for surface passivation and, consequently, blinking reduction in perovskite QDs used for single particle and quantum light experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James C Sadighian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ian Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gillian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin F Hammel
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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9
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Yang C, Li Y, Hou X, Zhang M, Zhang G, Li B, Guo W, Han X, Bai X, Li J, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Xiao L, Jia S. Conversion of Photoluminescence Blinking Types in Single Colloidal Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309134. [PMID: 38150666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Almost all colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit undesired photoluminescence (PL) blinking, which poses a significant obstacle to their use in numerous luminescence applications. An in-depth study of the blinking behavior, along with the associated mechanisms, can provide critical opportunities for fabricating high-quality QDs for diverse applications. Here the blinking of a large series of colloidal QDs is investigated with different surface ligands, particle sizes, shell thicknesses, and compositions. It is found that the blinking behavior of single alloyed CdSe/ZnS QDs with a shell thickness of up to 2 nm undergoes an irreversible conversion from Auger-blinking to band-edge carrier blinking (BC-blinking). Contrastingly, single perovskite QDs with particle sizes smaller than their Bohr diameters exhibit reversible conversion between BC-blinking and more pronounced Auger-blinking. Changes in the effective trapping sites under different excitation conditions are found to be responsible for the blinking type conversions. Additionally, changes in shell thickness and particle size of QDs have a significant effect on the blinking type conversions due to altered wavefunction overlap between excitons and effective trapping sites. This study elucidates the discrepancies in the blinking behavior of various QD samples observed in previous reports and provides deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying diverse types of blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiaoqi Hou
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiuqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jialu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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10
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Roy P, Pandey A. Engineering quantum dots for improved single photon emission statistics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204707. [PMID: 38785288 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High fidelity single photon sources are required for the implementation of quantum information processing and communications protocols. Although colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are single photon sources, their efficacy is limited by their tendency to show finite multiphoton emission at higher excitation powers. Here, we show that wave function engineering of CQDs enables the realization of emitters with significantly improved single photon emission performance. We study the ZnS/CdSe/CdS system. It is shown that this system offers significantly improved probabilities of single photon emission. While conventional CQDs such as CdSe/CdS exhibit a g2(0) > 0.5 ± 0.02 at ⟨N⟩ = 2.17, ZnS/CdSe/CdS show a greatly improved g2(0) ≈ 0.04 ± 0.01. Improved single photon emission performance encourages the use of colloidal materials as quantum light sources in emerging quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parna Roy
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anshu Pandey
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Chuang YT, Lin TY, Tan GH, Jan PE, Lin HC, Chen HM, Hsiao KY, Chen BH, Lu CH, Lee CH, Pao CW, Yang SD, Lu MY, Lin HW. Highly Efficient MAPbI 3-Based Quantum Dots Exhibiting Unusual Nonblinking Single Photon Emission at Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308676. [PMID: 38072780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Highly emissive semiconductor nanocrystals, or so-called quantum dots (QDs) possess a variety of applications from displays and biology labeling, to quantum communication and modern security. Though ensembles of QDs have already shown very high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) and have been widely utilized in current optoelectronic products, QDs that exhibit high absorption cross-section, high emission intensity, and, most important, nonblinking behavior at single-dot level have long been desired and not yet realized at room temperature. In this work, infrared-emissive MAPbI3-based halide perovskite QDs is demonstrated. These QDs not only show a ≈100% PLQY at the ensemble level but also, surprisingly, at the single-dot level, display an extra-large absorption cross-section up to 1.80 × 10-12 cm2 and non-blinking single photon emission with a high single photon purity of 95.3%, a unique property that is extremely rare among all types of quantum emitters operated at room temperature. An in-depth analysis indicates that neither trion formation nor band-edge carrier trapping is observed in MAPbI3 QDs, resulting in the suppression of intensity blinking and lifetime blinking. Fluence-dependent transient absorption measurements reveal that the coexistence of non-blinking behavior and high single photon purity in these perovskite QDs results from a significant repulsive exciton-exciton interaction, which suppresses the formation of biexciton, and thus greatly reduces photocharging. The robustness of these QDs is confirmed by their excellent stability under continuous 1 h electron irradiation in high-resolution transmission electron microscope inspection. It is believed that these results mark an important milestone in realizing nonblinking single photon emission in semiconductor QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hsun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-En Jan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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12
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Wang B, Lim JWM, Loh SM, Mayengbam R, Ye S, Feng M, He H, Liang X, Cai R, Zhang Q, Kwek LC, Demir HV, Mhaisalkar SG, Blundell SA, Chien Sum T. Weakly Confined Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots as High-Purity Room-Temperature Single Photon Sources. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10807-10817. [PMID: 38598660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as highly promising single photon emitters for quantum information applications. Presently, most strategies have focused on leveraging quantum confinement to increase the nonradiative Auger recombination (AR) rate to enhance single-photon (SP) purity in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 QDs. However, this also increases the fluorescence intermittency. Achieving high SP purity and blinking mitigation simultaneously remains a significant challenge. Here, we transcend this limitation with room-temperature synthesized weakly confined hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) QDs. Superior single photon purity with a low g(2)(0) < 0.07 ± 0.03 and a nearly blinking-free behavior (ON-state fraction >95%) in 11 nm FAPbBr3 QDs are achieved at room temperature, attributed to their long exciton lifetimes (τX) and short biexciton lifetimes (τXX). The significance of the organic A-cation is further validated using the mixed-cation FAxCs1-xPbBr3. Theoretical calculations utilizing a combination of the Bethe-Salpeter (BSE) and k·p approaches point toward the modulation of the dielectric constants by the organic cations. Importantly, our findings provide valuable insights into an additional lever for engineering facile-synthesized room-temperature PQD single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Siow Mean Loh
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rishikanta Mayengbam
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huajun He
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao Liang
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Rui Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Leong-Chuan Kwek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, on Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, The National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Subodh G Mhaisalkar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
| | - Steven A Blundell
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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13
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Chen J, Jiang G, Hamann E, Mescher H, Jin Q, Allegro I, Brenner P, Li Z, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A, Lemmer U. Organosilicon-Based Ligand Design for High-Performance Perovskite Nanocrystal Films for Color Conversion and X-ray Imaging. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10054-10062. [PMID: 38527458 PMCID: PMC11008364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) bear a huge potential for widespread applications, such as color conversion, X-ray scintillators, and active laser media. However, the poor intrinsic stability and high susceptibility to environmental stimuli including moisture and oxygen have become bottlenecks of PNC materials for commercialization. Appropriate barrier material design can efficiently improve the stability of the PNCs. Particularly, the strategy for packaging PNCs in organosilicon matrixes can integrate the advantages of inorganic-oxide-based and polymer-based encapsulation routes. However, the inert long-carbon-chain ligands (e.g., oleic acid, oleylamine) used in the current ligand systems for silicon-based encapsulation are detrimental to the cross-linking of the organosilicon matrix, resulting in performance deficiencies in the nanocrystal films, such as low transparency and large surface roughness. Herein, we propose a dual-organosilicon ligand system consisting of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with pentanedioic anhydride (APTES-PA), to replace the inert long-carbon-chain ligands for improving the performance of organosilicon-coated PNC films. As a result, strongly fluorescent PNC films prepared by a facile solution-casting method demonstrate high transparency and reduced surface roughness while maintaining high stability in various harsh environments. The optimized PNC films were eventually applied in an X-ray imaging system as scintillators, showing a high spatial resolution above 20 lp/mm. By designing this promising dual organosilicon ligand system for PNC films, our work highlights the crucial influence of the molecular structure of the capping ligands on the optical performance of the PNC film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Chen
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guocan Jiang
- Zhejiang
Institute of Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elias Hamann
- Institute
for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Henning Mescher
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Isabel Allegro
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Brenner
- ZEISS
Innovation Hub @ KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Zhejiang
Institute of Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Sekh T, Cherniukh I, Kobiyama E, Sheehan TJ, Manoli A, Zhu C, Athanasiou M, Sergides M, Ortikova O, Rossell MD, Bertolotti F, Guagliardi A, Masciocchi N, Erni R, Othonos A, Itskos G, Tisdale WA, Stöferle T, Rainò G, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV. All-Perovskite Multicomponent Nanocrystal Superlattices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8423-8436. [PMID: 38446635 PMCID: PMC10958606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystal superlattices (NC SLs) have long been sought as promising metamaterials, with nanoscale-engineered properties arising from collective and synergistic effects among the constituent building blocks. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) NCs come across as outstanding candidates for SL design, as they demonstrate collective light emission, known as superfluorescence, in single- and multicomponent SLs. Thus far, LHP NCs have only been assembled in single-component SLs or coassembled with dielectric NC building blocks acting solely as spacers between luminescent NCs. Here, we report the formation of multicomponent LHP NC-only SLs, i.e., using only CsPbBr3 NCs of different sizes as building blocks. The structural diversity of the obtained SLs encompasses the ABO6, ABO3, and NaCl structure types, all of which contain orientationally and positionally locked NCs. For the selected model system, the ABO6-type SL, we observed efficient NC coupling and Förster-like energy transfer from strongly confined 5.3 nm CsPbBr3 NCs to weakly confined 17.6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs, along with characteristic superfluorescence features at cryogenic temperatures. Spatiotemporal exciton dynamics measurements reveal that binary SLs exhibit enhanced exciton diffusivity compared to single-component NC assemblies across the entire temperature range (from 5 to 298 K). The observed coherent and incoherent NC coupling and controllable excitonic transport within the solid NC SLs hold promise for applications in quantum optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras
V. Sekh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas J. Sheehan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andreas Manoli
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Modestos Athanasiou
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Sergides
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Oleksandra Ortikova
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marta D. Rossell
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe−Zürich, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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15
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Shcherbakov-Wu W, Saris S, Sheehan TJ, Wong NN, Powers ER, Krieg F, Kovalenko MV, Willard AP, Tisdale WA. Persistent enhancement of exciton diffusivity in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystal solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2630. [PMID: 38381813 PMCID: PMC10881049 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In semiconductors, exciton or charge carrier diffusivity is typically described as an inherent material property. Here, we show that the transport of excitons among CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) depends markedly on how recently those NCs were occupied by a previous exciton. Using transient photoluminescence microscopy, we observe a striking dependence of the apparent exciton diffusivity on excitation laser power that does not arise from nonlinear exciton-exciton interactions or thermal heating. We interpret our observations with a model in which excitons cause NCs to transition to a long-lived metastable configuration that markedly increases exciton transport. The exciton diffusivity observed here (>0.15 square centimeters per second) is considerably higher than that observed in other NC systems, revealing unusually strong excitonic coupling between NCs. The finding of a persistent enhancement in excitonic coupling may help explain other photophysical behaviors observed in CsPbBr3 NCs, such as superfluorescence, and inform the design of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seryio Saris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Thomas John Sheehan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Narumi Nagaya Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric R. Powers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Cho K, Sato T, Yamada T, Sato R, Saruyama M, Teranishi T, Suzuura H, Kanemitsu Y. Size Dependence of Trion and Biexciton Binding Energies in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38316049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention as light-source materials for light-emitting diodes, lasers, and quantum light emitters. The luminescence properties of perovskite NCs and the performance of NC-based light-source devices depend on trion and biexciton dynamics. Here, we examined the size dependence of trion and biexciton binding energies by conducting low-temperature single-dot spectroscopy on three different perovskite NCs: CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, and FAPbBr3. While the photoluminescence spectral widths of the all-inorganic CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 NCs were narrow, compared with those of the organic-inorganic hybrid FAPbBr3 NCs, the binding energies of trions and biexcitons of all three samples showed similar size dependences, independent of the A-site cation and halogen. The effective-mass approximation calculations implied the importance of dynamical dielectric screening on the formation of trions and biexcitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takao Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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17
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Zhu C, Boehme SC, Feld LG, Moskalenko A, Dirin DN, Mahrt RF, Stöferle T, Bodnarchuk MI, Efros AL, Sercel PC, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Single-photon superradiance in individual caesium lead halide quantum dots. Nature 2024; 626:535-541. [PMID: 38297126 PMCID: PMC10866711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The brightness of an emitter is ultimately described by Fermi's golden rule, with a radiative rate proportional to its oscillator strength times the local density of photonic states. As the oscillator strength is an intrinsic material property, the quest for ever brighter emission has relied on the local density of photonic states engineering, using dielectric or plasmonic resonators1,2. By contrast, a much less explored avenue is to boost the oscillator strength, and hence the emission rate, using a collective behaviour termed superradiance. Recently, it was proposed3 that the latter can be realized using the giant oscillator-strength transitions of a weakly confined exciton in a quantum well when its coherent motion extends over many unit cells. Here we demonstrate single-photon superradiance in perovskite quantum dots with a sub-100 picosecond radiative decay time, almost as short as the reported exciton coherence time4. The characteristic dependence of radiative rates on the size, composition and temperature of the quantum dot suggests the formation of giant transition dipoles, as confirmed by effective-mass calculations. The results aid in the development of ultrabright, coherent quantum light sources and attest that quantum effects, for example, single-photon emission, persist in nanoparticles ten times larger than the exciton Bohr radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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18
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Gayle J, Roy S, Gupta S, Hassan S, Rao A, Demingos PG, Miller K, Guo G, Wang X, Garg A, Singh CV, Vajtai R, Robinson JT, Ajayan PM. Imine-Linked 2D Conjugated Porous Organic Polymer Films for Tunable Acid Vapor Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2726-2739. [PMID: 38170672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) films of conjugated porous organic polymers (C-POPs) can translate the rich in-plane functionalities of conjugated frameworks into diverse optical and electronic applications while addressing the processability issues of their crystalline analogs for adaptable device architectures. However, the lack of facile single-step synthetic routes to obtain large-area high-quality films of 2D-C-POPs has limited their application possibilities so far. Here, we report the synthesis of four mechanically robust imine-linked 2D-C-POP free-standing films using a single-step fast condensation route that is scalable and tunable. The rigid covalently bonded 2D structures of the C-POP films offer high stability for volatile gas sensing in harsh environments while simultaneously enhancing site accessibility for gas molecules due to mesoporosity by structural design. Structurally, all films were composed of exfoliable layers of 2D polymeric nanosheets (NSs) that displayed anisotropy from disordered stacking, evinced by out-of-plane birefringent properties. The tunable in-plane conjugation, different nitrogen centers, and porous structures allow the films to act as ultraresponsive colorimetric sensors for acid sensing via reversible imine bond protonation. All the films could detect hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas down to 0.05 ppm, far exceeding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 5 ppm with fast response time and good recyclability. Computational insights elucidated the effect of conjugation and tertiary nitrogen in the structures on the sensitivity and response time of the films. Furthermore, we exploited the exfoliated large 2D NSs and anisotropic optoelectronic properties of the films to adapt them into micro-optical and triboelectric devices to demonstrate their real-time sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gayle
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shashikant Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sakib Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Adwitiya Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Pedro Guerra Demingos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Kristen Miller
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Galio Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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19
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Dunlap-Shohl WA, Tabassum N, Zhang P, Shiby E, Beratan DN, Waldeck DH. Electron-donating functional groups strengthen ligand-induced chiral imprinting on CsPbBr 3 quantum dots. Sci Rep 2024; 14:336. [PMID: 38172244 PMCID: PMC10764765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral perovskite nanoparticles and films are promising for integration in emerging spintronic and optoelectronic technologies, yet few design rules exist to guide the development of chiral material properties. The chemical space of potential building blocks for these nanostructures is vast, and the mechanisms through which organic ligands can impart chirality to the inorganic perovskite lattice are not well understood. In this work, we investigate how the properties of chiral ammonium ligands, the most common organic ligand type used with perovskites, affect the circular dichroism of strongly quantum confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. We show that aromatic ammonium ligands with stronger electron-donating groups lead to higher-intensity circular dichroism associated with the lowest-energy excitonic transition of the perovskite nanocrystal. We argue that this behavior is best explained by a modulation of the exciton wavefunction overlap between the nanocrystal and the organic ligand, as the functional groups on the ligand can shift electron density toward the organic species-perovskite lattice interface to increase the imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shiby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27710, USA
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA.
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20
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D'Amato M, Belzane L, Dabard C, Silly M, Patriarche G, Glorieux Q, Le Jeannic H, Lhuillier E, Bramati A. Highly Photostable Zn-Treated Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Single Photon Generation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10228-10235. [PMID: 37930320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving pure single-photon emission is essential for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computing to quantum key distribution to quantum metrology. Among solid-state quantum emitters, colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their structural and optical properties, which make them attractive candidates for single-photon sources (SPSs). However, their practical utilization has been hampered by environment-induced instabilities. In this study, we fabricate and characterize in a systematic manner Zn-treated CsPbBr3 colloidal NCs obtained through Zn2+ ion doping at the Pb-site, demonstrating improved stability under dilution and illumination. The doped NCs exhibit high single-photon purity, reduced blinking on a submillisecond time scale, and stability of the bright state even at excitation powers well above saturation. Our findings highlight the potential of this synthesis approach to optimize the performance of LHP-based SPSs, opening up interesting prospects for their integration into nanophotonic systems for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Lucien Belzane
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Silly
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Bd Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Quentin Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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21
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Jastrzebska-Perfect P, Zhu W, Saravanapavanantham M, Li Z, Spector SO, Brenes R, Satterthwaite PF, Ram RJ, Niroui F. On-site growth of perovskite nanocrystal arrays for integrated nanodevices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3883. [PMID: 37414770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the development of halide perovskite materials and devices, their integration into nanoscale optoelectronics has been hindered by a lack of control over nanoscale patterning. Owing to their tendency to degrade rapidly, perovskites suffer from chemical incompatibility with conventional lithographic processes. Here, we present an alternative, bottom-up approach for precise and scalable formation of perovskite nanocrystal arrays with deterministic control over size, number, and position. In our approach, localized growth and positioning is guided using topographical templates of controlled surface wettability through which nanoscale forces are engineered to achieve sub-lithographic resolutions. With this technique, we demonstrate deterministic arrays of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with tunable dimensions down to <50 nm and positional accuracy <50 nm. Versatile, scalable, and compatible with device integration processes, we then use our technique to demonstrate arrays of nanoscale light-emitting diodes, highlighting the new opportunities that this platform offers for perovskites' integration into on-chip nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Jastrzebska-Perfect
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Weikun Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mayuran Saravanapavanantham
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah O Spector
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roberto Brenes
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter F Satterthwaite
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rajeev J Ram
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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22
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Liška P, Musálek T, Šamořil T, Kratochvíl M, Matula R, Horák M, Nedvěd M, Urban J, Planer J, Rovenská K, Dvořák P, Kolíbal M, Křápek V, Kalousek R, Šikola T. Correlative Imaging of Individual CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals: Role of Isolated Grains in Photoluminescence of Perovskite Polycrystalline Thin Films. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:12404-12413. [PMID: 37405362 PMCID: PMC10316395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optical properties of a CsPbBr3 polycrystalline thin film on a single grain level. A sample composed of isolated nanocrystals (NCs) mimicking the properties of the polycrystalline thin film grains that can be individually probed by photoluminescence spectroscopy was prepared. These NCs were analyzed using correlative microscopy allowing the examination of structural, chemical, and optical properties from identical sites. Our results show that the stoichiometry of the CsPbBr3 NCs is uniform and independent of the NCs' morphology. The photoluminescence (PL) peak emission wavelength is slightly dependent on the dimensions of NCs, with a blue shift up to 9 nm for the smallest analyzed NCs. The magnitude of the blueshift is smaller than the emission line width, thus detectable only by high-resolution PL mapping. By comparing the emission energies obtained from the experiment and a rigorous effective mass model, we can fully attribute the observed variations to the size-dependent quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Liška
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Musálek
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šamořil
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Tescan
Orsay Holding, a.s, Libušina
tř. 21, Brno 623
00, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Kratochvíl
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Matula
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horák
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Nedvěd
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Urban
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Planer
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Rovenská
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolíbal
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Křápek
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kalousek
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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23
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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24
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Guggisberg D, Yakunin S, Neff C, Aebli M, Günther D, Kovalenko MV, Dirin DN. Colloidal CsPbX 3 Nanocrystals with Thin Metal Oxide Gel Coatings. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:2827-2834. [PMID: 37063595 PMCID: PMC10100534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have gathered much attention as light-emitting materials, particularly owing to their excellent color purity, band gap tunability, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), low cost, and scalable synthesis. To enhance the stability of LHP NCs, bulky strongly bound organic ligands are commonly employed, which counteract the extraction of charge carriers from the NCs and hinder their use as photoconductive materials and photocatalysts. Replacing these ligands with a thin coating is a complex challenge due to the highly dynamic ionic lattice, which is vulnerable to the commonly employed coating precursors and solvents. In this work, we demonstrate thin (<1 nm) metal oxide gel coatings through non-hydrolytic sol-gel reactions. The coated NCs are readily dispersible and highly stable in short-chain alcohols while remaining monodisperse and exhibiting high PLQY (70-90%). We show the successful coating of NCs in a wide range of sizes (5-14 nm) and halide compositions. Alumina-gel-coated NCs were chosen for an in-depth analysis, and the versatility of the approach is demonstrated by employing zirconia- and titania-based coatings. Compact films of the alumina-gel-coated NCs exhibit electronic and excitonic coupling between the NCs, leading to two orders of magnitude longer photoluminescence lifetimes (400-700 ns) compared to NCs in solution or their organically capped counterparts. This makes these NCs highly suited for applications where charge carrier delocalization or extraction is essential for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Guggisberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Neff
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Detlef Günther
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- NCCR
Catalysis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- NCCR
Catalysis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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25
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Krajewska CJ, Kaplan AEK, Kick M, Berkinsky DB, Zhu H, Sverko T, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi MG. Controlled Assembly and Anomalous Thermal Expansion of Ultrathin Cesium Lead Bromide Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2148-2157. [PMID: 36884029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confined lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets are anisotropic materials displaying strongly bound excitons with spectrally pure photoluminescence. We report the controlled assembly of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets through varying the evaporation rate of the dispersion solvent. We confirm the assembly of superlattices in the face-down and edge-up configurations by electron microscopy, as well as X-ray scattering and diffraction. Polarization-resolved spectroscopy shows that superlattices in the edge-up configuration display significantly polarized emission compared to face-down counterparts. Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction of both face-down and edge-up superlattices uncovers a uniaxial negative thermal expansion in ultrathin nanoplatelets, which reconciles the anomalous temperature dependence of the emission energy. Additional structural aspects are investigated by multilayer diffraction fitting, revealing a significant decrease in superlattice order with decreasing temperature, with a concomitant expansion of the organic sublattice and increase of lead halide octahedral tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kick
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Sverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Igarashi H, Yamauchi M, Masuo S. Correlation between Single-Photon Emission and Size of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2441-2447. [PMID: 36862129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emission photon statistics of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs), including lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), are important fundamental and practical optical properties. Single QDs exhibit high-probability single-photon emission owing to the efficient Auger recombination between generated excitons. Because the recombination rate depends on QD size, single-photon emission probability should be size-dependent. Previous studies have researched QDs smaller than their exciton Bohr diameters (twice the Bohr radius of excitons). Here, we investigated the relationship between the single-photon emission behavior and size of CsPbBr3 PNCs to elucidate their size threshold. Simultaneous single-nanocrystal spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy observations on single PNCs with approximately 5-25 nm edge length showed that those smaller than approximately 10 nm, which had size-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectral shifts, exhibited high-probability single-photon emissions, which decreased linearly with PNC volume. Novel single-photon emission, size, and PL peak correlations of PNCs are important for understanding the relationship between single-photon emission and quantum confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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27
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Boehme S, Bodnarchuk MI, Burian M, Bertolotti F, Cherniukh I, Bernasconi C, Zhu C, Erni R, Amenitsch H, Naumenko D, Andrusiv H, Semkiv N, John RA, Baldwin A, Galkowski K, Masciocchi N, Stranks SD, Rainò G, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV. Strongly Confined CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots as Quantum Emitters and Building Blocks for Rhombic Superlattices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2089-2100. [PMID: 36719353 PMCID: PMC9933619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of the colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) field is rooted in the precise synthetic control of QD size, shape, and composition, enabling electronically well-defined functional nanomaterials that foster fundamental science and motivate diverse fields of applications. While the exploitation of the strong confinement regime has been driving commercial and scientific interest in InP or CdSe QDs, such a regime has still not been thoroughly explored and exploited for lead-halide perovskite QDs, mainly due to a so far insufficient chemical stability and size monodispersity of perovskite QDs smaller than about 7 nm. Here, we demonstrate chemically stable strongly confined 5 nm CsPbBr3 colloidal QDs via a postsynthetic treatment employing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide ligands. The achieved high size monodispersity (7.5% ± 2.0%) and shape-uniformity enables the self-assembly of QD superlattices with exceptional long-range order, uniform thickness, an unusual rhombic packing with an obtuse angle of 104°, and narrow-band cyan emission. The enhanced chemical stability indicates the promise of strongly confined perovskite QDs for solution-processed single-photon sources, with single QDs showcasing a high single-photon purity of 73% and minimal blinking (78% "on" fraction), both at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Burian
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hordii Andrusiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nazar Semkiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Abraham John
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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28
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Nguyen HA, Sharp D, Fröch JE, Cai YY, Wu S, Monahan M, Munley C, Manna A, Majumdar A, Kagan CR, Cossairt BM. Deterministic Quantum Light Arrays from Giant Silica-Shelled Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4294-4302. [PMID: 36507852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for single-photon sources with applications in photonic quantum information technologies. Developing practical photonic quantum devices with colloidal materials, however, requires scalable deterministic placement of stable single QD emitters. In this work, we describe a method to exploit QD size to facilitate deterministic positioning of single QDs into large arrays while maintaining their photostability and single-photon emission properties. CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs were encapsulated in silica to both increase their physical size without perturbing their quantum-confined emission and enhance their photostability. These giant QDs were then precisely positioned into ordered arrays using template-assisted self-assembly with a 75% yield for single QDs. We show that the QDs before and after assembly exhibit antibunching behavior at room temperature and their optical properties are retained after an extended period of time. Together, this bottom-up synthetic approach via silica shelling and the robust template-assisted self-assembly offer a unique strategy to produce scalable quantum photonics platforms using colloidal QDs as single-photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shenwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Madison Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arnab Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
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29
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Cho K, Tahara H, Yamada T, Suzuura H, Tadano T, Sato R, Saruyama M, Hirori H, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Exciton-Phonon and Trion-Phonon Couplings Revealed by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Single CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7674-7681. [PMID: 36121354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties and excellent potential for light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. Here, we report the multiple-peak structures originating from excitons, trions, and biexcitons in low-temperature PL spectra of single CsPbBr3 NCs. We found fine-structure splitting in the PL peaks of bright excitons and biexcitons and also in the longitudinal-optical (LO)-phonon replicas of excitons. LO-phonon replicas of trions are clearly observed under strong photoexcitation, which do not show fine-structure splitting. From size-dependent analyses of these replicas, we clarified that both exciton-phonon and trion-phonon couplings become larger for smaller NCs and the coupling strengths of trions are larger than those of excitons in large NCs. These behaviors can be explained by the spatial distributions of the electron and hole wave functions in the NCs. Our findings provide essential information on electron-phonon couplings in perovskites and for the design of high-purity single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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30
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Zhang H, Moazzezi P, Ren J, Henderson B, Cordoba C, Yeddu V, Blackburn AM, Saidaminov MI, Paci I, Hughes S, Gordon R. Coupling Perovskite Quantum Dot Pairs in Solution using a Nanoplasmonic Assembly. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5287-5293. [PMID: 35767329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) provide a robust solution-based approach to efficient solar cells, bright light emitting devices, and quantum sources of light. Quantifying heterogeneity and understanding coupling between dots is critical for these applications. We use double-nanohole optical trapping to size individual dots and correlate to emission energy shifts from quantum confinement. We were able to assemble a second dot in the trap, which allows us to observe the coupling between dots. We observe a systematic red-shift of 1.1 ± 0.6 meV in the emission wavelength. Theoretical analysis shows that the observed shift is consistent with resonant energy transfer and is unusually large due to moderate-to-large quantum confinement in PQDs. This demonstrates the promise of PQDs for entanglement in quantum information applications. This work enables future in situ control of PQD growth as well as studies of the coupling between small PQD assemblies with quantum information applications in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Parinaz Moazzezi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, V8P 5C2 Victoria, Canada
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brett Henderson
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Quantum Algorithms Institute, Surrey V3T 5X3, Canada
| | - Cristina Cordoba
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, V8P 5C2 Victoria, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Vishal Yeddu
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Arthur M Blackburn
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Irina Paci
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
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