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Aggarwal S, Awasthi SK. Emerging trends in the development and applications of triazine-based covalent organic polymers: a comprehensive review. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11601-11643. [PMID: 38916403 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Owing to unique structural features, triazine-based covalent organic polymers (COPs) have attracted significant attention and emerged as novel catalysts or support materials for an array of applications. Typically formed by reacting triazine-based monomers or the in situ creation of triazine rings from nitrile monomers, these COPs possess 2D/3D meso/microporous structures held together via strong covalent linkages. The quest for efficient, stable and recyclable catalytic systems globally necessitates the need for a well-structured and comprehensive review summarizing the synthetic methodologies and applications of triazine-based COPs. This review explores the various synthetic routes and applications of these COPs in photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, adsorption and sensing. By exploring the latest advancements and future directions, this review offers valuable insights into the synthesis and applications of triazine-based COPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Aggarwal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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2
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Scattolin E, Benedet M, Rizzi GA, Gasparotto A, Lebedev OI, Barreca D, Maccato C. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Structures on Carbon Cloth Containing Ultra- and Nano-Dispersed NiO for Photoactivated Oxygen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400948. [PMID: 38979913 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) photoelectrocatalysts is a key requirement for H2 generation via solar-assisted water splitting. In this study, we report on an amenable fabrication route to carbon cloth-supported graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanoarchitectures, featuring a modular dispersion of NiO as co-catalyst. The synergistic interaction between gCN and NiO, along with the tailoring of their size and spatial distribution, yield very attractive OER performances and durability in freshwater splitting, of great significance for practical end-uses. The potential of gCN electrocatalysts containing ultra-dispersed, i. e. "quasi-atomic" NiO, exhibiting a higher activity than the ones containing nickel oxide nanoaggregates, is further highlighted by their activity even in real seawater. This work suggests that efficient OER catalysts can be designed through the construction of optimized interfaces between transition metal oxides and carbon nitride, yielding inexpensive and promising noble metal-free systems for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Scattolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University and INSTM, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University and INSTM, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Rizzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University and INSTM, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasparotto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University and INSTM, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508, Normandie Université CNRS, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, Boulevard Marechal Juin, 14050, Caen, Cedex 4, France
| | - Davide Barreca
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Maccato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University and INSTM, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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3
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Al Mais D, Mustapha S, Baghdadi YN, Bouhadir K, Tehrani-Bagha AR. Various Morphologies of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4) and Their Effect on the Thermomechanical Properties of Thermoset Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1935. [PMID: 39000791 PMCID: PMC11243981 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to highlight the importance of diverse forms of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as strengthening elements in epoxy composites. It explores the influence of three different forms of g-C3N4 and their concentrations on the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites. Various characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were utilized to comprehend the effects of g-C3N4 morphology and particle size on the physical and chemical characteristics of epoxy resin. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, strain, modulus, and fracture toughness, were determined for the composite samples. SEM analysis was performed to examine crack morphology in samples with different reinforcements. Findings indicate that optimal mechanical properties were achieved with a 0.5 wt% bulk g-C3N4 filler, enhancing tensile strength by 14%. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces revealed a transition from brittle to rough morphology, suggesting increased toughness in the composites. While the TGA results showed no significant impact on degradation temperature, dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated a 17% increase in glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the improvement in thermal breakdown up to 600 °C was attributed to reinforced covalent bonds between carbon and nitrogen, supported by FTIR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Al Mais
- B. & W. Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy‚ American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon;
| | - Samir Mustapha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon
| | - Yasmine N. Baghdadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering‚ Imperial College London‚ London SW7 2BX‚ UK;
| | - Kamal Bouhadir
- Department of Chemistry‚ American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon;
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4
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Wang X, Wang Y, Ma M, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang F. P-N Bonds-Mediated Atomic-Level Charge-Transfer Channel Fabricated between Violet Phosphorus and Carbon Nitride Favors Charge Separation and Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311841. [PMID: 38368255 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heterostructures are widely employed in photocatalysis to promote charge separation and photocatalytic activity. However, their benefits are limited by the linkages and contact environment at the interface. Herein, violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are employed as model materials to form VPQDs/g-C3N4 heterostructures by a simple ultrasonic pulse excitation method. The heterostructure contains strong interfacial P-N bonds that mitigate interfacial charge-separation issues. P-P bond breakage occurs in the distinctive cage-like [P9] VPQD units during longitudinal disruption, thereby exposing numerous active P sites that bond with N atoms in g-C3N4 under ultrasonic pulse excitation. The atomic-level interfacial P-N bonds of the Z-scheme VPQDs/g-C3N4 heterostructure serve as photogenerated charge-transfer channels for improved electron-hole separation efficiency. This results in excellent photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 7.70 mmol g-1 h-1 (over 9.2 and 8.5 times greater than those of pure g-C3N4 and VPQDs, respectively) and apparent quantum yield of 11.68% at 400 nm. Using atomic-level chemical bonds to promote interfacial charge separation in phosphorene heterostructures is a feasible and effective design strategy for photocatalytic water-splitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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5
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Qi K, Imparato C, Almjasheva O, Khataee A, Zheng W. TiO 2-based photocatalysts from type-II to S-scheme heterojunction and their applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:150-191. [PMID: 38968635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising sustainable technology to remove organic pollution and convert solar energy into chemical energy. Titanium dioxide has drawn extensive attention in this field owing to its high activity under UV light, good chemical stability, large availability, low price and low toxicity. However, the poor quantum efficiency derived from fast electron/hole recombination, the limited utilization of sunlight, and a weak reducing ability still hinder its practical application. Among the modification strategies of TiO2 to enhance its performance, the construction of heterojunctions with other semiconductors is a powerful and versatile way to maximise the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and steer their transport toward enhanced efficiency and selectivity. Here, the research progress and current status of TiO2 modification are reviewed, focusing on heterojunctions. A rapid evolution of the understanding of the different charge transfer mechanisms is witnessed from traditional type II to the recently conceptualised S-scheme. Particular attention is paid to different synthetic approaches and interface engineering methods designed to improve and control the interfacial charge transfer, and several cases of TiO2 heterostructures with metal oxides, metal sulfides and carbon nitride are discussed. The application hotspots of TiO2-based photocatalysts are summarized, including hydrogen generation by water splitting, solar fuel production by CO2 conversion, and the degradation of organic water pollutants. Hints about less studied and emerging processes are also provided. Finally, the main issues and challenges related to the sustainability and scalability of photocatalytic technologies in view of their commercialization are highlighted, outlining future directions of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Claudio Imparato
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Oksana Almjasheva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Bautista-Cano KI, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Ruiz-Ruiz EJ, Díaz Barriga-Castro E, Guzmán-Mar JL, Hernández-Ramírez A. Efficient photocatalytic activity and selective adsorption of UiO-67 (Zr)/g-C 3N 4 composite toward a mixture of parabens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119477. [PMID: 38909943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, UiO-67 (Zr)/g-C3N4 composites (U67N) were synthesized at wt.% ratios of 05:95, 15:85, and 30:70 using the solvothermal method at 80 °C for 24 h followed by calcination at 350 °C. The composites were characterized using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen physisorption analysis. In addition, thermal stability analysis of UiO-67 was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis. The photocatalytic performance of the composites was assessed during the degradation and mineralization of a mixture of methylparaben (MeP) and propylparaben (PrP) under simulated sunlight. The adsorption process of U67N 15:85 was characterized through kinetic studies and adsorption capacity experiments, which were modeled using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The influence of pH levels 3, 5, and 7 on the photocatalytic degradation of the mixture was investigated, revealing enhanced degradation and mineralization at pH 3. The U67N composite exhibited dual capability in removing contaminants through adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Among the prepared composites, U67N 15:85 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving removal efficiencies of 96.8% for MeP, 92.5% for PrP, and 45.7% for total organic carbon in 300 kJ/m2 accumulated energy (3 h of reaction time). The detoxification of the effluent was confirmed through acute toxicity evaluation using the Vibrio fischeri method. The oxidation mechanism of the heterojunction formed between UiO-67 (Zr) and g-C3N4 was proposed based on PL analysis, photoelectrochemistry studies (including photocurrent response, Nyquist, and Mott-Schottky analyses), and scavenger assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Bautista-Cano
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - L Hinojosa-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico.
| | - E J Ruiz-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - E Díaz Barriga-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No. 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - J L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
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Liu T, Chen L, Wang X, Cooper AI. Screening potential dye sensitizers for water splitting photocatalysts using a genetic algorithm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16847-16858. [PMID: 38832434 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the global fossil energy crisis necessitates the efficient utilization of sustainable energy sources. Hydrogen, a green fuel, can be generated using sunlight, water, and a photocatalyst. Employing sensitizers holds promise for enhancing photocatalyst performance, enabling high rates of hydrogen evolution through increased visible light absorption. However, sifting through millions of diverse molecules to identify suitable dyes for specific photocatalysts poses a significant challenge. In this study, we integrate genetic algorithm and geometry-frequency-noncovalent extended tight binding methods to efficiently screen 2.6 million potential sensitizers with a D-π-A-π-AA structure within a short timeframe. Subsequently, these optimized sensitizers are rigorously reassessed by using DFT/TDDFT methods, elucidating why they may serve as superior dyes compared to the reference dye WS5F, particularly in terms of light absorption, driving force, binding energy, etc. Additionally, our methodology uncovers molecular motifs of particular interest, including the furan π-bridge and the double cyano anchoring acceptor, which are prevalent in the most promising set of molecules. The developed genetic algorithm workflow and dye design principles can be extended to various compelling projects, such as dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, photo-induced redox reactions, pharmaceuticals, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
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Xiao L, Gao S, Liao R, Zhou Y, Kong Q, Hu G. C 3N 5-based nanomaterials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysts, energy harvesting, and environmental remediation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2545-2571. [PMID: 38445393 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the global reliance on fossil fuels and the exponential growth of human population have escalated global energy consumption and environmental issues. To tackle these dual challenges, metal catalysts, in particular precious metal ones, have emerged as pivotal players in the fields of environment and energy. Among the numerous metal-free and organic catalyst materials, C3N5-based materials have a major advantage over their carbon nitride (CxNy) counterparts owing to the abundant availability of raw materials, non-toxicity, non-hazardous nature, and exceptional performance. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to synthesising and optimising the applicable properties of C3N5-based materials in recent years, a comprehensive summary of the immediate parameters of this promising material is still lacking. Given the rapid development of C3N5-based materials, a timely review is essential for staying updated on their strengths and weaknesses across various applications, as well as providing guidance for designing efficient catalysts. In this study, we present an extensive overview of recent advancements in C3N5-based materials, encompassing their physicochemical properties, major synthetic methods, and applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and adsorption, among others. This systematic review effectively summarises both the advantages and shortcomings associated with C3N5-based materials for energy and environmental applications, thus offering researchers focussed on CxNy-materials an in-depth understanding of those based on C3N5. Finally, considering the limitations and deficiencies of C3N5-based materials, we have proposed enhancement schemes and strategies, while presenting personal perspectives on the challenges and future directions for C3N5. Our ultimate aim is to provide valuable insights for the research community in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xiao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Sanshuang Gao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Runhua Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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Liu Y, Yang L, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Xiao X, Yue H, Liu X. 2-Pyran-4-Ylidene Malononitrile Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Organic Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400083. [PMID: 38537692 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Photoactive conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as heterogeneous photocatalysts provide a sustainable alternative to classical metal-based semiconductor photosensitizers. However, previously reported CMPs are typically synthesized through metal catalyzed coupling reactions, which bears product separation, but also increases the price of materials. Herein, a new type of sp2 carbon linked DCM-CMPs are successfully designed and synthesized by organic base catalyzed Knoevenagel reaction using 2,6-Dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile and aromatic polyaldehydes as monomers. The new polymers feature inherent porosity, excellent stability, and fully π-conjugated skeleton with broad visible-light absorption. They effectively induce the synthesis of benzimidazole compounds under light irradiation, and exhibit wide substrate adaptability with outstanding recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liuliu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Sahiner M, Demirci S, Sahiner N. Polydopamine Coating of Graphitic Carbon Nitride, g-C 3N 4, Improves Biomedical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1151. [PMID: 38927358 PMCID: PMC11201011 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an intriguing nanomaterial that exhibits photoconductive fluorescence properties under UV-visible light. Dopamine (DA) coating of g-C3N4 prepared from melamine was accomplished via self-polymerization of DA as polydopamine (PDA). The g-C3N4 was coated with PDA 1, 3, and 5 times repeatedly as (PDA@g-C3N4) in tris buffer at pH 8.5. As the number of PDA coatings was increased on g-C3N4, the peak intensity at 1512 cm-1 for N-H bending increased. In addition, the increased weight loss values of PDA@g-C3N4 structures at 600 °C from TGA thermograms confirmed that the coating was accomplished. The band gap of g-C3N4, 2.72 eV, was reduced to 0.87 eV after five coatings with PDA. A pristine g-C3N4 was found to have an isoelectric point (IEP) of 4.0, whereas the isoelectric points of 1PDA@g-C3N4 and 3PDA@g-C3N4 are close to each other at 3.94 and 3.91, respectively. On the other hand, the IEP of 5PDA@g-C3N4 was determined at pH 5.75 assuming complete coating with g-C3N4. The biocompatibility of g-C3N4 and PDA@g-C3N4 against L929 fibroblast cell lines revealed that all PDA@g-C3N4 coatings were found to be biocompatible up to a 1000 mg/mL concentration, establishing that PDA coatings did not adversely affect the biocompatibility of the composite materials. In addition, PDA@g-C3N4 was screened for antioxidant potential via total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content assays and it was found that PDA@g-C3N4 has recognizable TPC values and increased linearly with an increased number of PDA coatings. Furthermore, blood compatibility of pristine g-C3N4 is enhanced considerably upon PDA coating, affirmed by hemolysis and the blood clotting index%. Additionally, α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of PDA@g-C3N4 structures revealed that 67.6 + 9.8% of this enzyme was evenly inhibited by 3PDA@g-C3N4 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Sahin Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Di Carmine G, D’Agostino C, Bortolini O, Poletti L, De Risi C, Ragno D, Massi A. Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for Light-Driven Reactions in Continuous Flow. Molecules 2024; 29:2166. [PMID: 38792028 PMCID: PMC11124298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the realm of organic synthesis, photocatalysis has blossomed since the beginning of the last decade. A plethora of classical reactivities, such as selective oxidation of alcohol and amines, redox radical formation of reactive species in situ, and indirect activation of an organic substrate for cycloaddition by EnT, have been revised in a milder and more sustainable fashion via photocatalysis. However, even though the spark of creativity leads scientists to explore new reactions and reactivities, the urgency of replacing the toxic and critical metals that are involved as catalysts has encouraged chemists to find alternatives in the branch of science called organocatalysis. Unfortunately, replacing metal catalysts with organic analogues can be too expensive sometimes; however, this drawback can be solved by the reutilization of the catalyst if it is heterogeneous. The aim of this review is to present the recent works in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis, applied to organic synthesis, enabled by continuous flow. In detail, among the heterogeneous catalysts, g-CN, polymeric photoactive materials, and supported molecular catalysts have been discussed within their specific sections, rather than focusing on the types of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Carmine D’Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Poletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (C.D.R.); (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (C.D.R.); (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (C.D.R.); (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (C.D.R.); (D.R.); (A.M.)
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12
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Shcherban ND, Kholkina E, Sergiienko S, Kovalevsky AV, Bezverkhyy I, Murzin DY. Carboxymethylation of Cinnamyl Alcohol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Graphitic Carbon Nitrides. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300600. [PMID: 37994628 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A set of graphitic carbon nitride samples was prepared using a straightforward experimental procedure without templates and any subsequent treatments. The materials were studied in-depth using a range of physical and chemical methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), nitrogen physisorption, SEM, XPS, TPD CO2. The resulting g-C3N4 was shown to be highly efficient in carboxymethylation of cinnamyl alcohol with dimethyl carbonate yielding up to ca. 82 % of the desired cinnamyl methyl carbonate. In the studied conditions, an increase in the surface N atomic content leads to an increase in selectivity towards the desired carbonate, while a higher surface O content was beneficial for side products. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride was shown to be one of the most productive (ca. 2 mol/h kgcat) in the investigated reaction among studied heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya D Shcherban
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 31 pr. Nauky, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Kholkina
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Sergii Sergiienko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrei V Kovalevsky
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
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13
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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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14
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Yu J, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Fang W, Liu B, Xing J. Intrinsic Self-Trapped Excitons in Graphitic Carbon Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4439-4446. [PMID: 38498723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) as low-cost, chemically stable, and ecofriendly layered semiconductors have attracted rapidly growing interest in optoelectronics and photocatalysis. However, the nature of photoexcited carriers in g-C3N4 is still controversial, and an independent charge-carrier picture based on the band theory is commonly adopted. Here, by performing transient spectroscopy studies, we show characteristics of self-trapped excitons (STEs) in g-C3N4 nanosheets including broad trapped exciton-induced absorption, picosecond exciton trapping without saturation at high photoexcitation density, and transient STE-induced stimulated emissions. These features, together with the ultrafast exciton trapping polarization memory, strongly suggest that STEs intrinsically define the nature of the photoexcited states in g-C3N4. These observations provide new insights into the fundamental photophysics of carbon nitrides, which may enlighten novel designs to boost energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 266042 Qingdao, China
| | - Yubu Zhou
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhui Fang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 266042 Qingdao, China
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15
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Sedighi RE, Behzad M, Azizi N. Metallosalen modified carbon nitride a versatile and reusable catalyst for environmentally friendly aldehyde oxidation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8498. [PMID: 38605107 PMCID: PMC11009278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly catalysts for organic transformations is of great importance in the field of green chemistry. Aldehyde oxidation reactions play a crucial role in various industrial processes, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This paper presents the synthesis and evaluation of a new metallosalen carbon nitride catalyst named Co(salen)@g-C3N4. The catalyst was prepared by doping salicylaldehyde onto carbon nitride, and subsequently, incorporating cobalt through Schiff base chemistry. The Co(salen)@g-C3N4 catalyst was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, after modification with salicylaldehyde, the carbon nitride component of the catalyst exhibited remarkable yields (74-98%) in oxidizing various aldehyde derivatives (20 examples) to benzoic acid. This oxidation reaction was carried out under mild conditions and resulted in short reaction times (120-300 min). Importantly, the catalyst demonstrated recyclability, as it could be reused for five consecutive runs without any loss of activity. The reusable nature of the catalyst, coupled with its excellent yields in oxidation reactions, makes it a promising and sustainable option for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Liang H, Li X, Wang J, Li Q, Feng Y, Kang M, Zhang Y. The Heptazine-Based Materials through Intrinsically Modification for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 and Bisepoxides. Chempluschem 2024:e202400154. [PMID: 38597166 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
For the efficient utilization of CO2 into valuable product, the attractive carbon nitride catalysts have been widely studied. In this work, heptazine-related materials with varying degree of polymerization were designed by an intrinsically modification strategy and employed in the cycloaddition of CO2 with the bisepoxide 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDODGE). We initially figured out that the sample prepared at 450 °C contained more melem hydrate, exhibiting the best performance. The epoxides conversion and corresponding cyclic carbonates selectivity could achieve 93.1 % and 99.3 % at 140 °C for 20 h without any cocatalyst and solvent, respectively. Results of the catalytic tests suggested that the high catalytic activity was dependent on big size porous structure and the synergetic effect of active amino groups and -OH groups. The role of water in maintaining the specific structure and providing active site has been proved. Moreover, the CN-450-W catalyst exhibited outstanding recycling stability. And finally, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yuelan Feng
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Maoqing Kang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yingan Zhang
- Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, China
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17
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Zhou D, Li D, Chen Z. Recent advances in ternary Z-scheme photocatalysis on graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalysts. Front Chem 2024; 12:1359895. [PMID: 38633985 PMCID: PMC11021764 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1359895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent photocatalytic performance over the last few years, graphitic-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered considerable notice as a photocatalyst. Nevertheless, several limitations, including small surface area, the rates at which photo-generated electrons and holes recombine are swift, and the inefficient separation and transport of photoexcited carriers continue to impede its solar energy utilization. To overcome those limitations in single-component g-C3N4, constructing a heterogeneous photocatalytic system has emerged as an effective way. Among the various studies involving the incorporation of hetero composite materials to design heterojunctions, among the most promising approaches is to assemble a Z-scheme photocatalytic configuration. The Z-scheme configuration is essential because it facilitates efficient photocarrier separation and exhibits superior redox ability in separated electrons and holes. Moreover, ternary composites have demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activities and reinforced photostability. Ternary Z-scheme heterostructures constructed with g-C3N4 possess all the above-mentioned merits and provide a pioneering strategy for implementing photocatalytic systems for environmental and energy sustainability. A summary of the latest technological advancements toward design and fabrication in ternary all-solid-state Z-scheme (ASSZ) and direct Z-scheme (DZ) photocatalysts built on g-C3N4 is presented in this review. Furthermore, the review also discusses the application of ternary Z-scheme photocatalytic architecture established on g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Zhou
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Dongxiang Li
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Ojha D, Penschke C, Saalfrank P. Vibrational dynamics and spectroscopy of water at porous g-C 3N 4 and C 2N surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11084-11093. [PMID: 38530253 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Porous graphitic materials containing nitrogen are promising catalysts for photo(electro)chemical reactions, notably water splitting, but can also serve as "molecular sieves". Nitrogen increases the hydrophilicity of the graphite parent material, among other effects. A deeper understanding of how water interacts with C- and N-containing layered materials, if and which differences exist between materials with different N content and pore size, and what the role of water dynamics is - a prerequsite for catalysis and sieving - is largely absent, however. Vibrational spectroscopy can answer some of these questions. In this work, the vibrational dynamics and spectroscopy of deuterated water molecules (D2O) mimicking dense water layers at room temperature on the surfaces of two different C/N-based materials with different N content and pore size, namely graphitic C3N4 (g-C3N4) and C2N, are studied using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). In particular, time-dependent vibrational sum frequency generation (TD-vSFG) spectra of the OD modes and also time-averaged vSFG spectra and OD frequency distributions are computed. This allows us to distinguish "free" (dangling) OD bonds from OD bonds that are bound in a H-bonded water network or at the surface - with subtle differences between the two surfaces and also to a pure water/air interface. It is found that the temporal decay of OD modes is very similar on both surfaces with a correlation time near 4 ps. In contrast, TD-vSFG spectra reveal that the interconversion time from "bonded" to "free" OD bonds is about 8 ps for water on C2N and thus twice as long as for g-C3N4, demonstrating a propensity of the former material to stabilize bonded OD bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ojha
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Christopher Penschke
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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19
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Wang Y, Pajares A, Serafin J, Alcobé X, Güell F, Homs N, Ramírez de la Piscina P. Mo xC Heterostructures as Efficient Cocatalysts in Robust Mo xC/g-C 3N 4 Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic H 2 Production from Ethanol. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:4365-4374. [PMID: 38516399 PMCID: PMC10954046 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we studied new materials free of noble metals that are active in photocatalytic H2 generation from ethanol aqueous solutions (EtOHaq), which can be obtained from biomass. MoxC/g-C3N4 photocatalysts containing hexagonal (hcp) Mo2C and/or cubic (fcc) MoC nanoparticles on g-C3N4 nanosheets were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for photocatalytic hydrogen production from EtOHaq (25% v/v). Tailored MoxC/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with MoxC crystallite sizes in the 4-37 nm range were prepared by treatment with ultrasound of dispersions containing MoxC and g-C3N4 nanosheets, formerly synthesized. The characterization of the resulting nanocomposites, MoxC/g-C3N4, by different techniques, including photoelectrochemical measurements, allowed us to relate the photocatalytic performance of materials with the characteristics of the MoxC phase integrated onto g-C3N4. The samples containing smaller hcp Mo2C crystallites showed better photocatalytic performance. The most performant nanocomposite contained nanoparticles of both hcp Mo2C and fcc MoC and produced 27.9 mmol H2 g-1 Mo; this sample showed the lowest recombination of photogenerated charges, the highest photocurrent response, and the lowest electron transfer resistance, which can be related to the presence of MoC-Mo2C heterojunctions. Moreover, this material allows for easy reusability. This work provides new insights for future research on noble-metal-free g-C3N4-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, secció
de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Pajares
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, secció
de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarosław Serafin
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, secció
de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Alcobé
- Unitat
de Difracció de Raigs X, Centres Científics i Tecnològics
(CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Lluís Solé i Sabaris
1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Güell
- ENPHOCAMAT
Group, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Homs
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, secció
de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ramírez de la Piscina
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, secció
de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Kalidasan K, Mallapur S, Munirathnam K, Nagarajaiah H, Reddy MBM, Kakarla RR, Raghu AV. Transition metals-doped g-C 3N 4 nanostructures as advanced photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141354. [PMID: 38311034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructured photocatalysts have received significant attention for its potential applications in the treatment of wastewater and hydrogen evolution. The utilization of semiconductor materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis has recently received great attention due to their potential and eco-friendly properties. Doping with metal ions plays a crucial role in altering the photochemical characteristics of g-C3N4, effectively enhancing photoabsorption into the visible range and thus improving the photocatalytic performance of doped photocatalysts. As an emerging nanomaterial, nanostructured g-C3N4 represents a visible light-active semiconducting photocatalyst that has attracted significant interest in the photocatalysis field, particularly for its practical water treatment applications. To the best of our knowledge, investigations of functionalized photocatalytic (PC) materials on 3d transition metal-doped g-C3N4 remain unexplored in the existing literature. g-C3N4 based heterohybrid photocatalysts have demonstrated excellent reusability, making them highly promising for wastewater treatment applications. This paper describes the overview of numerous studies conducted on the heterostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various 3d metals. Research studies have revealed that the introduction of element doping with various 3d transition metals (e.g., Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc.) into g-C3N4 is an efficient approach to enhance degradation efficacy and boost photocatalytic activity (PCA) of doped g-C3N4 catalysts. Moreover, the significance of g-C3N4 heterostructured nanohybrids is highlighted, particularly in the context of wastewater treatment applications. The study concludes by providing insights into future perspectives in this developing area of research, with a specific focus on the degradation of various organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Kalidasan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Srinivas Mallapur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - K Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - H Nagarajaiah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - M B Madhusudana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura, 586103, Karnataka, India.
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21
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT, Brabec CJ. Exploring Highly Efficient Broadband Self-Trapped-Exciton Luminophors: from 0D to 3D Materials. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300241. [PMID: 37728189 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes our recent reports on brightly-emitting materials with varied dimensionality (3D, 2D, 0D) synthesized using "green" chemistry and exhibiting highly efficient photoluminescence (PL) originating from self-trapped exciton (STE) states. The discussion starts with 0D emitters, in particular, ternary indium-based colloidal quantum dots, continues with 2D materials, focusing on single-layer polyheptazine carbon nitride, and further evolves to 3D luminophores, the latter exemplified by lead-free double halide perovskites. The review shows the broadband STE PL to be an inherent feature of many materials produced in mild conditions by "green" chemistry, outlining PL features general for these STE emitters and differences in their photophysical properties. The review is concluded with an outlook on the challenges in the field of STE PL emission and the most promising venues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Zhang K, Song R, Wu N, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Xing J. Enhancing the Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence of Graphitic Carbon Nitride via Atomic and Molecular Co-modification. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:925-932. [PMID: 38241479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials exhibit attractive optoelectronic physical properties; however, their low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their applications in luminescent devices. Here, boron-doped aromatic carbon nitride (B-PhCNx) was synthesized for the first time via direct thermal polymerization of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and boric acid. The impact of B doping and phenyl modifying on the structural and optical characteristics of the samples was investigated in detail. The highest PLQY of 40.7% was achieved in B-PhCN20, which is 6.8 times that of pristine carbon nitride (p-CN). The B-PhCN20-based light-emitting diode demonstrates a maximum luminance of 1494 cd m-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.03%, which are 3.5 and 4.9 times that of the p-CN-based device, respectively. Our findings will provide a reference for rationally designing low-cost and high-performance carbon-nitride-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, People's Republic of China
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23
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Swathi AC, Sandhiya ST, B S, Chandran M. Precursor dependent - Visible light-driven g-C 3N 4 coated polyurethane foam for photocatalytic applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141013. [PMID: 38145847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a highly effective method for eliminating organic pollutants from wastewater. The immobilization of photocatalysts on a suitable solid surface is highly desired to achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity. In this work, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is synthesized with three different precursors (melamine, thiourea, and urea) via a simple thermal exfoliation method and successfully immobilized on a polyurethane (PU) foam using the facile dip coating method. The photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 bulk and g-C3N4 nanosheets-coated PU foams are compared using methyl orange dye and tetracycline hydrochloride as a test pollutant under visible light irradiation. Our results show that the type of precursors and surface area of the sample have a significant role in photocatalytic dye degradation. The urea-based g-C3N4 - PU foam shows better photocatalytic activity than the melamine or thiourea based g-C3N4 - PU foam. The scavenger test unveils that superoxide radical (O2●-) and holes (h+) are the main reactive oxidative species responsible for MO dye and TcH degradations. The cycling experiments are also carried out to confirm the reusability of the g-C3N4 floating catalyst for practical applications. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism has also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Swathi
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - S T Sandhiya
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Sreelakshmi B
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Maneesh Chandran
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
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24
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Freese T, Meijer JT, Brands MB, Alachouzos G, Stuart MCA, Tarozo R, Gerlach D, Smits J, Rudolf P, Reek JNH, Feringa BL. Iron oxide-promoted photochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). EES CATALYSIS 2024; 2:262-275. [PMID: 38222062 PMCID: PMC10782808 DOI: 10.1039/d3ey00256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a valuable green oxidant with a wide range of applications. Furthermore, it is recognized as a possible future energy carrier achieving safe operation, storage and transportation. The photochemical production of H2O2 serves as a promising alternative to the waste- and energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Following the 12 principles of Green Chemistry, we demonstrate a facile and general approach to sustainable catalyst development utilizing earth-abundant iron and biobased sources only. We developed several iron oxide (FeOx) nanoparticles (NPs) for successful photochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2 under visible light illumination (445 nm). Achieving a selectivity for H2O2 of >99%, the catalyst material could be recycled for up to four consecutive rounds. An apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 0.11% was achieved for the photochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2 with visible light (445 nm) at ambient temperatures and pressures (9.4-14.8 mmol g-1 L-1). Reaching productivities of H2O2 of at least 1.7 ± 0.3 mmol g-1 L-1 h-1, production of H2O2 was further possible via sunlight irradiation and in seawater. Finally, a detailed mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental investigation of the catalyst's properties and computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Freese
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer T Meijer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maria B Brands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Tarozo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Gerlach
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smits
- Shell Global Solutions International BV Grasweg 31 1031 HW Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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25
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Hassan AE, Elewa AM, Hussien MSA, El-Mahdy AFM, Mekhemer IMA, Yahia IS, Mohamed TA, Chou HH, Wen Z. Designing of covalent organic framework/2D g-C 3N 4 heterostructure using a simple method for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1650-1661. [PMID: 37812841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Designing heterostructure photocatalysts is a promising approach for developing highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen energy production. In this work, we synthesized a series of a covalent organic framework (COF)/g-C3N4 (CN) heterojunction photocatalysts, denoted as x % COF/CN (in which x indicates the weight % of COF and x = 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 90, 95, 100), for hydrogen production. The COF, which is a key component of the photocatalyst, was prepared by assembling benzothiadiazole (BT) and pyrene (Py) derivatives as building blocks. Integrating COF rods into the two-dimensional (2D) layered g-C3N4 structure significantly improved photocatalytic H2 production. The hybrid system (30 % COF/CN) displayed an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 27540 ± 805 μmol g-1h-1, outperforming most known COFs and g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, besides exhibiting stable photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the apparent quantum yield (AQY) was 15.5 ± 0.8 % at 420 nm. Experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the 30 % COF/CN heterostructure has broad visible-light absorption, adequate band energy levels, and the best chemical reactivity descriptors compared to the individual components, resulting in effective carrier separation and excellent performance. Our findings offer a valuable strategy for developing highly efficient and stable heterojunction photocatalysts for visible-light-driven H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Hassan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elewa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; Nuclear Chemistry Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - Mai S A Hussien
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Biomedical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F M El-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Islam M A Mekhemer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim S Yahia
- Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarek A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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26
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Chen G, Wang R, Sun M, Chen J, Iyobosa E, Zhao J. Carbon dioxide reduction to high-value chemicals in microbial electrosynthesis system: Biological conversion and regulation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140251. [PMID: 37769909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Large emissions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing climatic and environmental problems. It is crucial to capture and utilize the excess CO2 through diverse methods, among which the microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system has become an attractive and promising technology to mitigate greenhouse effects while reducing CO2 to high-value chemicals. However, the biological conversion and metabolic pathways through microbial catalysis have not been clearly elucidated. This review first introduces the main acetogenic bacteria for CO2 reduction and extracellular electron transfer mechanisms in MES. It then intensively analyzes the CO2 bioconversion pathways and carbon chain elongation processes in MES, together with energy supply and utilization. The factors affecting MES performance, including physical, chemical, and biological aspects, are summarized, and the strategies to promote and regulate bioconversion in MES are explored. Finally, challenges and perspectives concerning microbial electrochemical carbon sequestration are proposed, and suggestions for future research are also provided. This review provides theoretical foundation and technical support for further development and industrial application of MES for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Maoxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Eheneden Iyobosa
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Shanghai, PR China
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27
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Panthi G, Park M. Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide-Based Z-Scheme and S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for the Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15021. [PMID: 37834469 PMCID: PMC10573564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free polymer semiconductor, has been recognized as an attractive photocatalytic material for environmental remediation because of its low band gap, high thermal and photostability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, low cost, biocompatibility, and optical and electrical efficiency. However, g-C3N4 has been reported to suffer from many difficulties in photocatalytic applications, such as a low specific surface area, inadequate visible-light utilization, and a high charge recombination rate. To overcome these difficulties, the formation of g-C3N4 heterojunctions by coupling with metal oxides has triggered tremendous interest in recent years. In this regard, zinc oxide (ZnO) is being largely explored as a self-driven semiconductor photocatalyst to form heterojunctions with g-C3N4, as ZnO possesses unique and fascinating properties, including high quantum efficiency, high electron mobility, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and a simple synthetic procedure. The synergistic effect of its properties, such as adsorption and photogenerated charge separation, was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterojunctions. Hence, this review aims to compile the strategies for fabricating g-C3N4/ZnO-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic systems with enhanced performance and overall stability for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, with reference to the reported system, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/ZnO-based heterojunction photocatalysts and their charge-transfer pathways on the interface surface are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
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28
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Dahiya S, Sharma R, Gautam P, Panchal P, Chaudhary S, Sharma A, Almáši M, Nehra SP. Eco-friendly phytofabrication of Ficus Benjamina L. based ZnO-doped g-C 3N 4 nanocomposites for remarkable photocatalysis and antibacterial applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139707. [PMID: 37536534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The research reported here emphasizes the phytoextract route synthesized ZnO-doped g-C3N4 (GCN) for its photocatalytic activity, which helps to ensure a sustained & healthy environment. The leaf extract solution of Ficus Benjamina L. was used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, and GCN was prepared via urea using a thermal polymerization process. The flower extract functions as both stabilizers and capping agents during the process of synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocomposites were then calcined at 400 °C and were further characterized with spectroscopy (UV-Vis), diffracted pattern (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the photocatalytic activity of auramine orange (AO) and methylene blue (MB) dye from phytoextract route synthesized pure ZnO NPs, GCN-Pure, and composites with varied millimolar concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles with GCN of the constant amount was checked. After the complete analysis, it was observed that the series that was prepared of ZnO-GCN nanocomposites showed notable enhancement in the degradation pattern of the methylene blue dye. Apparently, 1.5 mmol (mM) ZnO-GCN presented greater degradation patterns for Auramine orange and Methylene blue dye as compared to other nanocomposites that were synthesized. The observed increased photocatalytic activity has a conceivable explanation. The antibacterial activity studies of the prepared nanocomposites were also performed against the E. coli strain showing an enhanced zone of inhibition towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Dahiya
- Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India; Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies (IDPCS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Sudesh Chaudhary
- Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India.
| | - Miroslav Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Moyzesova 11, Kosice, 041 54 Slovak Republic
| | - S P Nehra
- Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India.
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29
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Wang Y, Zhong S, Niu Z, Dai Y, Li J. Synthesis and up-to-date applications of 2D microporous g-C 3N 4 nanomaterials for sustainable development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10883-10911. [PMID: 37622731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of industrial technology and the increase of people's environmental awareness, the research on sustainable materials and their applications has become a hot topic. Among two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been selected for sustainable research, graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a hot research topic because of its many outstanding advantages such as simple preparation, good electrochemical properties, excellent photochemical properties, and better thermal stability. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations of g-C3N4 due to its relatively poor specific surface area, rapid charge recombination, limited light absorption range, and inferior dispersion in aqueous and organic media have limited its practical application. In the review, we summarize and analyze the unique structure of the 2D microporous nanomaterial g-C3N4, its synthesis method, chemical modification method, and the latest application examples in various fields in recent years, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings, with a view to providing ideas for overcoming the difficulties in its application. Furthermore, the pressing challenges faced by g-C3N4 are briefly discussed, as well as an outlook on the application prospects of g-C3N4 materials. It is expected that the review in this paper will provide more theoretical strategies for the future practical application of g-C3N4-based materials, as well as contributing to nanomaterials in sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Suyue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yangyang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
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30
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Krinninger M, Bock N, Kaiser S, Reich J, Bruhm T, Haag F, Allegretti F, Heiz U, Köhler K, Lechner BAJ, Esch F. On-Surface Carbon Nitride Growth from Polymerization of 2,5,8-Triazido- s-heptazine. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:6762-6770. [PMID: 37719034 PMCID: PMC10500973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides have recently come into focus for photo- and thermal catalysis, both as support materials for metal nanoparticles as well as photocatalysts themselves. While many approaches for the synthesis of three-dimensional carbon nitride materials are available, only top-down approaches by exfoliation of powders lead to thin-film flakes of this inherently two-dimensional material. Here, we describe an in situ on-surface synthesis of monolayer 2D carbon nitride films as a first step toward precise combination with other 2D materials. Starting with a single monomer precursor, we show that 2,5,8-triazido-s-heptazine can be evaporated intact, deposited on a single crystalline Au(111) or graphite support, and activated via azide decomposition and subsequent coupling to form a covalent polyheptazine network. We demonstrate that the activation can occur in three pathways, via electrons (X-ray illumination), via photons (UV illumination), and thermally. Our work paves the way to coat materials with extended carbon nitride networks that are, as we show, stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krinninger
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bock
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kaiser
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Johanna Reich
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruhm
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Professorship
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair of Experimental
Physics (E20), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair of Experimental
Physics (E20), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Klaus Köhler
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Professorship
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Barbara A. J. Lechner
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Friedrich Esch
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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31
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Chamanmalik MI, Antony AM, Yelamaggad CV, Patil SA, Patil SA. Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles/Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides with Peroxidase-like Activity for Mercury Detection and Antibacterial Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5754. [PMID: 37570724 PMCID: PMC10421139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the attention of researchers has been drawn to materials with enzyme-like properties to substitute natural enzymes. The ability of nanomaterials to mimic enzymes makes them excellent enzyme mimics; nevertheless, there is a wide berth for improving their activity and providing a platform to heighten their potential. Herein, we report a green and facile route for Tectona grandis leaves extract-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) decorated on Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al-OH@TGLE-AgNPs) as a nanocatalyst. The Mg-Al-OH@TGLE-AgNPs nanocatalyst was well characterized, and the average crystallite size of the Ag NPs was found to be 7.92 nm. The peroxidase-like activity in the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of H2O2 was found to be an intrinsic property of the Mg-Al-OH@TGLE-AgNPs nanocatalyst. In addition, the use of the Mg-Al-OH@TGLE-AgNPs nanocatalyst was extended towards the quantification of Hg2+ ions which showed a wide linearity in the concentration range of 80-400 μM with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM. Additionally, the synergistic medicinal property of Ag NPs and the phytochemicals present in the Tectona grandis leaves extract demonstrated notable antibacterial activity for the Mg-Al-OH@TGLE-AgNPs nanocatalyst against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masira I. Chamanmalik
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain Global Campus, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Kanakapura, Bangalore 562112, India; (M.I.C.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Arnet Maria Antony
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain Global Campus, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Kanakapura, Bangalore 562112, India; (M.I.C.); (A.M.A.)
| | - C. V. Yelamaggad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Bangalore 562162, India;
| | - Shivaputra A. Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain Global Campus, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Kanakapura, Bangalore 562112, India; (M.I.C.); (A.M.A.)
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32
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Hwang D, Wrigley LM, Lee M, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W, Schlenker CW. Local Hydrogen Bonding Determines Branching Pathways in Intermolecular Heptazine Photochemistry. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37471476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Heptazine is the molecular core of the widely studied photocatalyst carbon nitride. By analyzing the excited-state intermolecular proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction between a heptazine derivative and a hydrogen-atom donor substrate, we are able to spectroscopically identify the resultant heptazinyl reactive radical species on a picosecond time scale. We provide detailed spectroscopic characterization of the tri-anisole heptazine:4-methoxyphenol hydrogen-bonded intermolecular complex (TAHz:MeOPhOH), using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and global analysis, to reveal distinct product absorption signatures at ∼520, 1250, and 1600 nm. We assign these product peaks to the hydrogenated TAHz radical (TAHzH•) based on control experiments utilizing 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMB), which initiates electron transfer without concomitant proton transfer, i.e., no excited-state PCET. Additional control experiments with radical quenchers, protonation agents, and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry also corroborate our product peak assignments. These spectral assignments allowed us to monitor the influence of the local hydrogen-bonding environment on the resulting evolution of photochemical products from excited-state PCET of heptazines. We observe that the preassociation of heptazine with the substrate in solution is extremely sensitive to the hydrogen-bond-accepting character of the solvent. This sensitivity directly influences which product signatures we detect with time-resolved spectroscopy. The spectral signature of the TAHzH• radical assigned in this work will facilitate future in-depth analysis of heptazine and carbon nitride photochemistry. Our results may also be utilized for designing improved PCET-based photochemical systems that will require precise control over local molecular environments. Examples include applications such as preparative synthesis involving organic photoredox catalysis, on-site solar water purification, as well as photocatalytic water splitting and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liam M Wrigley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Micah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Cody W Schlenker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652, United States
- Clean Energy Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653, United States
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33
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Baladi M, Amiri M, Amirinezhad M, Abdulsahib WK, Pishgouii F, Golshani Z, Salavati-Niasari M. Green synthesis and characterization of terbium orthoferrite nanoparticles decorated with g-C3N4 for antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines (Glioblastoma, and Neuroblastoma). ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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34
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Mao Y, Lin L, Chen Y, Yang M, Zhang L, Dai X, He Q, Jiang Y, Chen H, Liao J, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Preparation of site-specific Z-scheme g-C 3N 4/PAN/PANI@LaFeO 3 cable nanofiber membranes by coaxial electrospinning: Enhancing filtration and photocatalysis performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138553. [PMID: 37004820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coaxial electrospinning method for preparation of g-C3N4/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyaniline (PANI)@LaFeO3 cable fiber membrane (PC@PL) was designed for adsorption-filtration-photodegradation of pollutants. A series of characterization results show that LaFeO3 and g-C3N4 nanoparticles (NPs) are respectively loaded in the inner and outer layers of PAN/PANI composite fibers to construct the site-specific Z-type heterojunction system with spatially separated morphologies. The PANI in cable not only possesses abundant exposed amino/imino functional groups for adsorption of contaminant molecules but also due to the excellent electrical conductivity works as a redox medium for collecting and consuming the electrons and holes from LaFeO3 and g-C3N4, which can efficiently promote photo-generated charge carriers separation and improve the catalytic performance. Further investigations demonstrate that as a photo-Fenton catalyst LaFeO3 in PC@PL catalyzes/activates the H2O2 generated in situ by LaFeO3/g-C3N4, further enhancing the decontamination efficiency of the PC@PL. The porous, hydrophilic, antifouling, flexible and reusable properties of the PC@PL membrane significantly enhance the mass transfer efficiency of reactants by filtration effect and increase the amount of dissolved oxygen, thus producing massive •OH for degradation of pollutants, which maintains the water flux (1184 L m-2. h-1 (LMH)) and the rejection rate (98.5%). Profiting from its unique synergistic effect of adsorption, photo-Fenton and filtration, PC@PL exhibits wonderful self-cleaning performance and distinguished removal rate for methylene blue (97.0%), methyl violet (94.3%), ciprofloxacin (87.6%) and acetamiprid (88.9%) within 75 min, disinfection (100% Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 80% Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) inactivation)) and excellent cycle stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Mao
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Li Lin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mingrui Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Xianxiang Dai
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Yunsong Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
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35
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Jia X, Liu C, Xu X, Wang F, Li W, Zhang L, Jiao S, Zhu G, Wang X. g-C 3N 4-modified Zr-Fc MOFs as a novel photocatalysis-self-Fenton system toward the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19140-19148. [PMID: 37362340 PMCID: PMC10288341 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore a green, economic, and sustainable phenol production process, a heterojunction semiconductor materials g-C3N4/Zr-Fc MOF was synthesized via an in situ synthesis method. With the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and the Fenton effect, the composite could effectively catalyze the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol under visible light irradiation. The yield of phenol and the selectivity were 13.84% and 99.38% under the optimal conditions, respectively, and it could still maintain high photocatalytic activity after 5 photocatalytic cycles. Therefore, the designed photocatalysis-self-Fenton system has great potential in the field of the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Xuetong Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Fuying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Liuxue Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Shuyan Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Genxing Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Xiulian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China
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36
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Ayub AR, Ullah A, Nawaz F, Shafiq S, Abd El-Fattah A, Li H, Iqbal J. Synthesis and Characterization of a Tertiary Composite of Cu, Mn, and g-C 3N 4: An Efficient Visible Light-Active Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19486-19493. [PMID: 37305307 PMCID: PMC10249025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a tertiary composite of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) with copper and manganese is utilized for photocatalytic degradation to add to efforts for tackling environmental pollution problems. The photocatalytic efficiency of GCN is enhanced with the doping of copper and manganese. This composite is prepared using melamine thermal self-condensation. The formation and characteristics of the composite Cu-Mn-doped GCN are affirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This composite has been used for the degradation of an organic dye (methylene blue (MB)) from water at neutral conditions (pH = 7) of the solution. The percentage photocatalytic degradation of MB by Cu-Mn-doped GCN is higher than that of Cu-GCN and GCN. The prepared composite enhances the degradation of methylene blue (MB) from 5 to 98% under sunlight. The photocatalytic degradation is enhanced owing to the reduction of hole-electron recombination in GCN, enhanced surface area, and extended sunlight utilization by the doped Cu and Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Ayub
- Key
Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Nawaz
- Department
of Basic Sciences & Humanities, UET
(Lahore) Faisalabad Campus, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Shafiq
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O.
Box 32038, Bahrain
- Department
of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate
Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Hui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O.
Box 32038, Bahrain
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37
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Natarajan T, Gopinathan M, Thiruppathi M, Adeniyi O, Chang JL, Zen JM, Tesfalidet S, Mikkola JP. Detection of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide: A direct electrochemical approach. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100658. [PMID: 37032745 PMCID: PMC10074502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A single run approach for rapid detection of nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD) using electrogenerated chlorine assisted polymerization through azo bond, under acidic conditions and at a preanodized screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE*) is presented. The role of chloride containing support electrolyte in acidic medium along with oxygen functionalities/edge sites are found to be crucial for the successful oxidative polymerization and subsequent adsorption of oxidized products on the electrode surface. The SEM, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were used to characterize the polymer film formation. The system exhibited a linear range between 20 and 170 μM with a detection limit of 3 μM (S/N = 3). The method was successfully tested for the detection of DCD in dairy and water samples. Simultaneous detection of DCD in the presence of melamine has also been demonstrated.
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38
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Rasheed T, Ahmad Hassan A, Ahmad T, Khan S, Sher F. Organic Covalent Interaction-based Frameworks as Emerging Catalysts for Environment and Energy Applications: Current Scenario and Opportunities. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300196. [PMID: 37171867 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The term "covalent organic framework" (COF) refers to a class of porous organic polymeric materials made from organic building blocks that have been covalently bonded. The preplanned and predetermined bonding of the monomer linkers allow them to demonstrate directional flexibility in two- or three-dimensional spaces. COFs are modern materials, and the discovery of new synthesis and linking techniques has made it possible to prepare them with a variety of favorable features and use them in a range of applications. Additionally, they can be post-synthetically altered or transformed into other materials of particular interest to produce compounds with enhanced chemical and physical properties. Because of its tunability in different chemical and physical states, post-synthetic modifications, high stability, functionality, high porosity and ordered geometry, COFs are regarded as one of the most promising materials for catalysis and environmental applications. This study highlights the basic advancements in establishing the stable COFs structures and various post-synthetic modification approaches. Further, the photocatalytic applications, such as organic transformations, degradation of emerging pollutants and removal of heavy metals, production of hydrogen and Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to useful products have also been presented. Finally, the future research directions and probable outcomes have also been summarized, by focusing their promises for specialists in a variety of research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Adv. Mater., King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ahmad Hassan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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39
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Garvin M, Thompson WA, Tan JZY, Kampouri S, Ireland CP, Smit B, Brookfield A, Collison D, Negahdar L, Beale AM, Maroto-Valer MM, McIntosh RD, Garcia S. Highly selective CO 2 photoreduction to CO on MOF-derived TiO 2. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 1:494-503. [PMID: 37215582 PMCID: PMC10193832 DOI: 10.1039/d2su00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-derived TiO2, synthesised through the calcination of MIL-125-NH2, is investigated for its potential as a CO2 photoreduction catalyst. The effect of the reaction parameters: irradiance, temperature and partial pressure of water was investigated. Using a two-level design of experiments, we were able to evaluate the influence of each parameter and their potential interactions on the reaction products, specifically the production of CO and CH4. It was found that, for the explored range, the only statistically significant parameter is temperature, with an increase in temperature being correlated to enhanced production of both CO and CH4. Over the range of experimental settings explored, the MOF-derived TiO2 displays high selectivity towards CO (98%), with only a small amount of CH4 (2%) being produced. This is notable when compared to other state-of-the-art TiO2 based CO2 photoreduction catalysts, which often showcase lower selectivity. The MOF-derived TiO2 was found to have a peak production rate of 8.9 × 10-4 μmol cm-2 h-1 (2.6 μmol g-1 h-1) and 2.6 × 10-5 μmol cm-2 h-1 (0.10 μmol g-1 h-1) for CO and CH4, respectively. A comparison is made to commercial TiO2, P25 (Degussa), which was shown to have a similar activity towards CO production, 3.4 × 10-3 μmol cm-2 h-1 (5.9 μmol g-1 h-1), but a lower selectivity preference for CO (3 : 1 CH4 : CO) than the MOF-derived TiO2 material developed here. This paper showcases the potential for MIL-125-NH2 derived TiO2 to be further developed as a highly selective CO2 photoreduction catalyst for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Garvin
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Warren A Thompson
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Jeannie Z Y Tan
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stavroula Kampouri
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Christopher P Ireland
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Berend Smit
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9Pl UK
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9Pl UK
| | - Leila Negahdar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - M Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Ruaraidh D McIntosh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Susana Garcia
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
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40
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Garcia-Munoz P, Valenzuela L, Wegstein D, Schanz T, Lopez GE, Ruppert AM, Remita H, Bloh JZ, Keller N. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:15. [PMID: 37160833 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and green oxidant that allows for the oxidation of a wide span of organic and inorganic substrates in liquid media under mild reaction conditions, and forms only molecular water and oxygen as end products. Hydrogen peroxide is therefore used in a wide range of applications, for which the well-documented and established anthraquinone autoxidation process is by far the dominating production method at the industrial scale. As this method is highly energy consuming and environmentally costly, the search for more sustainable synthesis methods is of high interest. To this end, the article reviews the basis and the recent development of the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Different oxygen reduction and water oxidation mechanisms are discussed, as well as several kinetic models, and the influence of the main key reaction parameters is itemized. A large range of photocatalytic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on titania-based photocatalysts and on high-prospect graphitic carbon nitride-based systems that take advantage of advanced bulk and surface synthetic approaches. Strategies for enhancing the performances of solar-driven photocatalysts are reported, and the search for new, alternative, photocatalytic materials is detailed. Finally, the promise of in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide for water treatment and organic synthesis is described, as well as its coupling with enzymes and the direct in situ synthesis of other technical peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia-Munoz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valenzuela
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France
| | - Deborah Wegstein
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schanz
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Girlie Eunice Lopez
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka M Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Z Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France.
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41
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Zhu Q, Zhao E, Shen Y, Chen Z, Fang W. Photocatalytic C-N cross-coupling mediated by heterogeneous nickel-coordinated carbon nitride. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4276-4281. [PMID: 37144980 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An easy to prepare nickel-coordinated mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CN) was introduced as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, which efficiently accelerated the photocatalytic C-N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides and aliphatic amines, delivering the desired monoaminated products in good yields. In addition, the concise synthesis of the pharmaceutical tetracaine was accomplished in the final stage, further highlighting the practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China.
| | - En Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yajing Shen
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China.
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42
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Jerigova M, Markushyna Y, Teixeira IF, Badamdorj B, Isaacs M, Cruz D, Lauermann I, Muñoz-Márquez MÁ, Tarakina NV, López-Salas N, Savateev O, Jimenéz-Calvo P. Green Light Photoelectrocatalysis with Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nitride: Using Triazole-Purpald for Enhanced Benzylamine Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300099. [PMID: 36815368 PMCID: PMC10161101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Materials dictate carbon neutral industrial chemical processes. Visible-light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in exploiting solar irradiation. Anionic doping via pre-organization of precursors and further co-polymerization creates tuneable semiconductors. Triazole derivative-purpald, an unexplored precursor with sulfur (S) container, combined in different initial ratios with melamine during one solid-state polycondensation with two thermal steps yields hybrid S-doped carbon nitrides (C3 N4 ). The series of S-doped/C3 N4 -based materials show enhanced optical, electronic, structural, textural, and morphological properties and exhibit higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar energy storage (capacitor brief investigation). 50M-50P exhibits the highest photooxidation conversion (84 ± 3%) of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm - green light for 48 h, due to a discrete shoulder (≈700) nm, high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, structural defects by layer distortion, and 10-16 nm pores with arbitrary depth. This work innovates by studying the concomitant relationships between: 1) the precursor decomposition while C3 N4 is formed, 2) the insertion of S impurities, 3) the S-doped C3 N4 property-activity relationships, and 4) combinatorial surface, bulk, structural, optical, and electronic characterization analysis. This work contributes to the development of disordered long-visible-light photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jerigova
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ivo F Teixeira
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bolortuya Badamdorj
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark Isaacs
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iver Lauermann
- Department PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Schwarzschildstraße 3, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Márquez
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Italy
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pablo Jimenéz-Calvo
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Zhang H, Wang X, Chen M, Dong X, Tu W. Multistage Modulation Formation of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Boron Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5230-5237. [PMID: 37000560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Boron carbon nitride (BCN) ternary compounds are attractive due to their wide applications in adsorption, catalysis, protective coatings, etc. A simple way is provided to synthesize BCN materials with multistage modulation of hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties. Hydrophilic BCN nanoparticles with a contact angle of 31° and nearly superhydrophobic BCN sheets with a contact angle of 145° are obtained. The participation of a CuO additive in the synthesis process has the role of tuning morphologies, components, and properties of BCN materials. The addition of CuO would improve the hydrophobicity of BCN due to its microstructure with enhanced surface roughness. The interaction between melamine and boric acid on the surface of CuO(111) is investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The tuned BCN materials have different photoelectric properties also, and their performance as photocatalysts has been verified in photocatalytic reactions for hydrogen from water. The achieved uniform hydrophilic BCN nanoparticles and hydrophobic BCN sheets have the potential for further practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weixia Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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44
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Gou N, Yang W, Gao S, Li Q. Incorporation of ultrathin porous metal-free graphite carbon nitride nanosheets in polyvinyl chloride for efficient photodegradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130795. [PMID: 36669405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of waste plastics is one of the promising approaches to solve the "white pollution" problem. In this work, a low cost, metal-free, environmentally friendly organic photocatalyst, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was used for the first time to successfully enhance the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under simulated sunlight from its visible light photocatalytic capability, while its organic nature and abundant surface functional groups were beneficial for its good dispersion in plastics. It was found that the ultrathin porous g-C3N4 nanosheet synthesized from urea (the UCN sample) had much stronger photodegradation effect in PVC/g-C3N4 composite films than its thick block counterpart synthesized with melamine (the MCN sample) due to its larger specific surface area, higher pore volume, and enhanced photogenerated charge carrier separation. With the incorporation of only 1 wt% UCN sample into PVC, its mechanical properties were largely enhanced with the tensile strength increase of ∼ 45% and the elongation at break increase of ∼ 72%, and its weight loss increased ∼ 58% after 120 h irradiation in the weather resistance test chamber. ·O2- and h+ produced by the UCN sample were found as the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of PVC to dechlorinate PVC and decompose its long-chain molecules into short-chain small molecules until its final degradation into CO2 and H2O under ideal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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Gao J, Li M, Chen H, Guo L, Li Z, Wang X. Microstructure Regulation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanotubes via Quick Thermal Polymerization Process for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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46
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Qin C, Ruan S, Xu K, He C, Shi Y, Feng B, Zhang L. Theoretical study on the reaction kinetics of CO oxidation by nitrogen-doped graphene catalysts with different ligand structures. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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47
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Hwa KY, Santhan A, Ganguly A, Kanna Sharma TS. Two dimensional architectures of graphitic carbon nitride with the substitution of heteroatoms for bifunctional electrochemical detection of nilutamide. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138068. [PMID: 36754308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a two-dimensional (2D) metal-free polymer semiconducting material, is largely discussed due to its large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and adaptable electronic structure. The adaption of sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P) atoms into the layers of g-C3N4 increases the electrochemical performance of detecting nilutamide (NT). The aggregation severity can be decreased by integrating S/P into g-C3N4, thereby improving surface area and electrical conductance. The g-C3N4, S/gC3N4, P/g-C3N4, and S/P/g-C3N4 were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The well-assigned S/P/g-C3N4 exhibited a good crystalline structure with more active sites for improved electron transfer toward NT detection. Both differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry (IT) was studied for NT detection. The electrochemical studies were done with a linear range of 0.019-1.17 μM to 5.36-1891.98 μM in DPV and 0.01 μM-158.3 μM in IT technique. The attained limit of detection in DPV analysis was 3.2 nM and with IT analysis 2.4 nM. The nanocomposite S/P/g-C3N4 shows good selectivity towards NT. The fabricated electrode showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, with a significant recovery range in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yuan Hwa
- Graduate Institute of Energy and Optoelectronic Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Aravindan Santhan
- Graduate Institute of Energy and Optoelectronic Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anindita Ganguly
- Graduate Institute of Energy and Optoelectronic Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tata Sanjay Kanna Sharma
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Jayaprakash K, Sivasamy A. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride layers decorated with erbium oxide and enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52561-52575. [PMID: 36829094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing and implementing visible light active organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor nanomaterials with enhanced photocatalytic properties find newer environmental and energy treatment capabilities. Here, we are reporting polymeric g-C3N4 layers coated with different propositions of erbium oxide nanoparticles, characterized using XPS, UV-Vis-DRS, FT-IR, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XRD and surface area techniques and its photocatalytic activities were evaluated under visible light irradiations. The hybrid nanocomposite materials possess better crystalline nature and erbium oxide particles were on the surface of polymeric g-C3N4. The surface area and bandgap energy of the polymeric g-C3N4-erbium oxide (5 wt%) nanohybrid composite were 99.9 m2/g and 2.52 eV. The photocatalytic activities as prepared nanohybrid composites were assessed for the oxidation of orange G dye molecules in the presence of visible light and were highly active in a broader range of pH with the presence of various inorganic anions. The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of dye molecules varied from 4.79 × 10-4 to 1.77 × 10-4 min-1 for the initial concentration of 5 to 20 ppm and retained its activities above 95% up to three cycles of reusability. Hence, the organic-inorganic novel catalytic nanohybrid composite may find more comprehensive applications in the area of environmental and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Jayaprakash
- Catalysis Science Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamilnadu, India
- University of Madras, Chepauk Campus, Chennai, 600005, India
| | - Arumugam Sivasamy
- Catalysis Science Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamilnadu, India.
- University of Madras, Chepauk Campus, Chennai, 600005, India.
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Facile Construction of Intramolecular g-CN-PTCDA Donor-Acceptor System for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the different electron affinity, the construction of a donor-acceptor (DA) system in the graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) matrix is an attractive tactic to accelerate photo-induced electron-holes separation, and then further elevate its photocatalytic performance. In this work, perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) with magnificent electron affinity and excellent thermal stability was chosen to copolymerize with urea via facile one-pot thermal copolymerization to fabricate g-CN-PTCDA equipped with DA structures. The specific surface area of g-CN-PTCDA would be enlarged and the visible light absorption range would be broadened simultaneously when adopting this copolymerization strategy. A series of characterizations such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), steady and transient photoluminescence spectra (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and photocurrent tests combined with computational simulation confirmed the charge separation and transfer efficiency dramatically improved due to the DA structures construction. When 0.25% wt PTCDA was introduced, the CO evolution rate was nearly 23 times than that of pristine g-CN. The CO evolution rate could reach up to 87.2 μmol g−1 h−1 when certain Co2+ was added as co-catalytic centers. Meanwhile, g-CN-1 mg PTCDA-Co exhibited excellent long-term stability and recyclability as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. This research may shed light on designing more effective DA structures for solar-to-energy conversion by CO2 reduction.
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50
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Singh KB, Upadhyay D, Gautam N, Snigdha, Gautam A, Pandey G. Sonochemical reassembling of Acacia nilotica bark extract mediated Mg doped WO3@g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite: A robust nanophotocatalyst. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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