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Yang H, Qian Z, Zhang S, Peng T, Li J, Meng S, Mao A, Hu Z. Efficient bioremediation of multiple steroid hormones by halotolerant 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase derived from moderately halophilic Pontibacillus chungwhensis HN14. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:296. [PMID: 39122994 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones exhibit potent endocrine disrupting activity and have been shown to disrupt the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and pose a threat to public health through their persistent and carcinogenic effects. Pontibacillus chungwhensis HN14, a moderately halophilic bacterium with the capacity to effectively degrade various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants, was previously isolated. Additionally, the strain HN14 showed strong environmental adaptability under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, the steroid degradation by strain HN14 was studied for the first time. We demonstrated that strain HN14 could degrade estradiol (E2) to maintain the growth of the strain and could convert E2 to estrone. Additionally, the efficient substrate degradation efficiency of P. chungwhensis HN14 under high salinity and high substrate concentration conditions was demonstrated. Furthermore, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-HSD(HN14), was identified in strain HN14. Comparative analysis reveals that 17β-HSD(HN14) shares approximately 38% sequence identity with 17β-HSDx from Rhodococcus sp. P14. In addition, 100 µg of purified 17β-HSD(HN14) could effectively convert about 40% of 0.25 mM of E2 within 1 h period, with an enzyme activity of 17.5 U/mg, and catalyze the dehydrogenation of E2 and testosterone at the C-17 position. The characterization of purified enzyme properties reveals that 17β-HSD(HN14) exhibits exceptional structural robustness and enzymatic efficacy even under high salinity conditions of up to 20%. Overall, this study enhances our comprehension of steroid biodegradation in strain HN14 and contributes novel ideas and theoretical underpinnings for advancing bioremediation technologies targeting steroid pollution in high-saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Mao
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Research Center of Offshore Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
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Zhao S, Li X, Yao X, Liu X, Pan C, Guo L, Bai J, Chen T, Yu H, Hu C. Detoxification of tetracycline and synthetic dyes by a newly characterized Lentinula edodes laccase, and safety assessment using proteomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116324. [PMID: 38636260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Fungal laccase has strong ability in detoxification of many environmental contaminants. A putative laccase gene, LeLac12, from Lentinula edodes was screened by secretome approach. LeLac12 was heterogeneously expressed and purified to characterize its enzymatic properties to evaluate its potential use in bioremediation. This study showed that the extracellular fungal laccase from L. edodes could effectively degrade tetracycline (TET) and the synthetic dye Acid Green 25 (AG). The growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis by TET revealed that the antimicrobial activity was significantly reduced after treatment with the laccase-HBT system. 16 transformation products of TET were identified by UPLC-MS-TOF during the laccase-HBT oxidation process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that LeLac12 could completely mineralize ring-cleavage products. LeLac12 completely catalyzed 50 mg/L TET within 4 h by adding AG (200 mg/L), while the degradation of AG was above 96% even in the co-contamination system. Proteomic analysis revealed that central carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, and DNA replication/repair were affected by TET treatment and the latter system could contribute to the formation of multidrug-resistant strains. The results demonstrate that LeLac12 is an efficient and environmentally method for the removal of antibiotics and dyes in the complex polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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Zhang S, Ye X, Lin X, Zeng X, Meng S, Luo W, Yu F, Peng T, Huang T, Li J, Hu Z. Novel insights into aerobic 17β-estradiol degradation by enriched microbial communities from mangrove sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133045. [PMID: 38016312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Various persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including estrogens are often enriched in mangrove regions. This research investigated the estrogens pollution levels in six mangroves located in the Southern China. The estrogen levels were found to be in the range of 5.3-24.9 ng/g dry weight, suggesting that these mangroves had been seriously contaminated. The bacterial communities under estrogen stress were further enriched by supplementing 17β-estradiol (E2) as the sole carbon source. The enriched bacterial communities showed an excellent E2 degradation capacity > 95 %. These communities were able to transform E2 into estrone (E1), 4-hydroxy-estrone, and keto-estrone, etc. 16 S rDNA sequencing and metagenomics analysis revealed that bacterial taxa Oleiagrimonas, Pseudomonas, Terrimonas, and Nitratireductor etc. were the main contributors to estrogen degradation. Moreover, the genes involved in E2 degradation were enriched in the microbial communities, including the genes encoding 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estrone 4-hydroxylase, etc. Finally, the analyses of functional genes and binning genomes demonstrated that E2 was degraded by bacterial communities via dehydrogenation into E1 by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. E1 was then catabolically converted to 3aα-H-4α(3'-propanoate)- 7aβ-methylhexahydro-1,5-indanedione via 4,5-seco pathway. Alternatively, E1 could also be hydroxylated to keto-estrone, followed by B-ring cleavage. This study provides novel insights into the biodegradation of E2 by the bacterial communities in estrogen-contaminated mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Xueying Ye
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou 510607, China
| | - Xianbin Lin
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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Li S, Yang W, Mo J, Wang Y, Lu C, Gao Y, Li Y, Sun K. Adaptive responses and metabolic strategies of Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1-17β-estradiol analyzed through integration of genomic and proteomic approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132543. [PMID: 37717446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental 17β-estradiol (E2) can cause potential harm to ecological balance and human health. Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1 is an E2-degrading bacterium previously obtained, which converts E2 to estrone (E1) and then to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1) followed by oxidation to form metabolites with long-chain structure during upstream degradation. Herein, we found that intracellular enzymes were the major contributors to E2 biodegradation by strain ES2-1. A total of 243 proteins were dys-expressed under E2 condition, 123 were up-regulated and 120 were down-regulated thereinto. The up-regulated members of ABC transport systems, aromatics degradation, and fatty acid degradation indicated a reinforced transfer and utilization of E2. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EstP1), 2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, TonB-dependent receptor were involved in E2 catabolism. During downstream degradation, the metabolites with long-chain structure were decomposed adopting β-oxidation pattern and ultimately entered the TCA cycle; 2-keto-4-pentenoic acid might be an emblematic product of such process. Furthermore, E2 converting to E1 was catalyzed by 17β-dehydrogenase probably encoded by IM701_16645 or IM701_16910; 4-OH-E1 meta-cleavage was catalyzed by a dioxygenase encoded by IM701_20340 or IM701_21000 or IM701_09625. Our study provided an in-depth insight into the adaptive responses and metabolic strategies of Novosphingobium to E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jingjing Mo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chao Lu
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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Griffith DR, Carolan M, Gutierrez MM, Romig A, Garcia-Diaz N, Hutchinson CP, Zayas RL. Microbial Degradation of Free and Halogenated Estrogens in River Water-Sediment Microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37428977 PMCID: PMC10373497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated estrogens are formed during chlorine-based wastewater disinfection and have been detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent; however, very little is known about their susceptibility to biodegradation in natural waters. To better understand the biodegradation of free and halogenated estrogens in a large river under environmentally relevant conditions, we measured estrogen kinetics in aerobic microcosms containing water and sediment from the Willamette River (OR, USA) at two concentrations (50 and 1250 ng L-1). Control microcosms were used to characterize losses due to sorption and other abiotic processes, and microbial dynamics were monitored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ATP. We found that estrogen biodegradation occurred on timescales of hours to days and that in river water spiked at 50 ng L-1 half-lives were significantly shorter for 17β-estradiol (t1/2,bio = 42 ± 3 h) compared to its monobromo (t1/2,bio = 49 ± 5 h), dibromo (t1/2,bio = 88 ± 12 h), and dichloro (t1/2,bio = 98 ± 16 h) forms. Biodegradation was also faster in microcosms with high initial estrogen concentrations as well as those containing sediment. Free and halogenated estrone were important transformation products in both abiotic and biotic microcosms. Taken together, our findings suggest that biodegradation is a key process for removing free estrogens from surface waters but likely plays a much smaller role for the more highly photolabile halogenated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Griffith
- Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301, United States
| | - MacKayla Carolan
- Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301, United States
| | | | - Anya Romig
- Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301, United States
| | - Nathan Garcia-Diaz
- Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301, United States
| | | | - Rosa León Zayas
- Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301, United States
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6
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Hashem AH, Al-Askar AA, Abd Elgawad H, Abdelaziz AM. Bacterial Endophytes from Moringa oleifera Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:395. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. Bacterial endophytes have produced a variety of bioactive compounds that can be used for different biomedical applications. In the current study, two bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy Moringa oleifera leaves, and identified genetically as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes faecalis. Phytochemical results illustrated that A. faecalis produced phenolics at 547.2 mg/g, tannins at 156.7 µg/g, flavonoids at 32.8 µg/g, and alkaloids at 111.2 µg/g compared to S. maltophilia, which produced phenolics at 299.5 mg/g, tannins at 78.2 µg/g, flavonoids at 12.4 µg/g, and alkaloids at 29.4 µg/g. GC-MS analysis indicated that A. faecalis extract has 24 bioactive compounds, including 9 major compounds, namely octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, methyl stearate, nonacosane, indolizine, palmitoleic acid, and heptacosane. On the other hand, S. maltophilia extract has 11 bioactive compounds, including 8 major compounds, namely oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, cis-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-methyl, ergotamine, diisooctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and pentadecanoic acid. To check the safety of these extracts, the cytotoxicity of Ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of S. maltophilia and A. faecalis were evaluated against the Vero normal cell line, and the results confirmed that these extracts are safe to use. Moreover, results revealed that EA extracts of S. maltophilia and A. faecalis exhibited anticancer activity against the cancerous MCF7 cell line, where IC50 was 202.4 and 119.7 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, EA extracts of S. maltophilia had antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and unicellular fungi. Likewise, the EA extract of A. faecalis exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, as well as unicellular fungi, but did not show any activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Also, EA extracts of S. maltophilia and A. faecalis exhibited moderate antioxidant activity where IC50 were 146.2 and 147.6 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the two isolated endophytic bacteria S. maltophilia and A. faecalis have promising bioactive compounds that have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H. Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada Abd Elgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2180, Belgium
| | - Amer M. Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Miao L, Sun S, Ma T, Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah Y, Wang Y, Mi Y, Yan H, Sun G, Hou N, Zhao X, Li C, Zang H. A Novel Estrone Degradation Gene Cluster and Catabolic Mechanism in Microbacterium oxydans ML-6. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0148922. [PMID: 36847539 PMCID: PMC10057884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01489-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global-scale estrone (E1) contamination of soil and aquatic environments results from the widespread use of animal manure as fertilizer, threatening both human health and environmental security. A detailed understanding of the degradation of E1 by microorganisms and the associated catabolic mechanism remains a key challenge for the bioremediation of E1-contaminated soil. Here, Microbacterium oxydans ML-6, isolated from estrogen-contaminated soil, was shown to efficiently degrade E1. A complete catabolic pathway for E1 was proposed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), genome sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). In particular, a novel gene cluster (moc) associated with E1 catabolism was predicted. The combination of heterologous expression, gene knockout, and complementation experiments demonstrated that the 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (MocA; a single-component flavoprotein monooxygenase) encoded by the mocA gene was responsible for the initial hydroxylation of E1. Furthermore, to demonstrate the detoxification of E1 by strain ML-6, phytotoxicity tests were performed. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the diversity of E1 catabolism in microorganisms and suggest that M. oxydans ML-6 and its enzymes have potential applications in E1 bioremediation to reduce or eliminate E1-related environmental pollution. IMPORTANCE Steroidal estrogens (SEs) are mainly produced by animals, while bacteria are major consumers of SEs in the biosphere. However, the understanding of the gene clusters that participate in E1 degradation is still limited, and the enzymes involved in the biodegradation of E1 have not been well characterized. The present study reports that M. oxydans ML-6 has effective SE degradation capacity, which facilitates the development of strain ML-6 as a broad-spectrum biocatalyst for the production of certain desired compounds. A novel gene cluster (moc) associated with E1 catabolism was predicted. The 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (MocA; a single-component flavoprotein monooxygenase) identified in the moc cluster was found to be necessary and specific for the initial hydroxylation of E1 to generate 4-OHE1, providing new insight into the biological role of flavoprotein monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaozu Mi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haohao Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Peng W, Lin S, Deng Z, Liang R. Bioaugmentation removal and microbiome analysis of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol from hostile conditions and environmental samples by Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137893. [PMID: 36690257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic estrogens are emerging environmental contaminants with great estrogenic activities and stable structures that are widespread in various ecological systems and significantly threaten the health of organisms. Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3 is reported to degrade the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) efficiently in laboratory conditions. In this work, the environmental adaptability, the EE2-degrading properties, and the ecological effects of P. citronellolis SJTE-3 under different hostile conditions (heavy metals and surfactants) and various natural environment samples (solid soil, lake water, and pig manure) were studied. Strain SJTE-3 can tolerate high concentrations of Zn2+ and Cr3+, but is relatively sensitive to Cu2+. Tween 80 of low concentration can significantly promote EE2 degradation by strain SJTE-3, different from the repressing effect of Triton X-100. High concentration of Tween 80 prolonged the lagging phase of EE2-degrading process, while the final EE2 removal efficiency was improved. More importantly, strain SJTE-3 can grow normally and degrade estrogen stably in various environmental samples. Inoculation of strain SJTE-3 removed the intrinsic synthetic and natural estrogens (EE2 and estrone) in lake water samples in 4 days, and eliminated over 90% of the amended 1 mg/L EE2 in 2 days. Bioaugmentation of strain SJTE-3 in EE2-supplied solid soil and pig manure samples achieved a removal rate of over 55% and 70% of 1 mg/kg EE2 within 2 weeks. Notably, the bioaugmentation of extrinsic strain SJTE-3 had a slight influence on indigenous bacterial community in pig manure samples, and its relative abundance decreased significantly after EE2 removal. Amendment of EE2 or strain SJTE-3 in manure samples enhanced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, implying their potential in utilizing EE2 or its metabolites. These findings not only shed a light on the environment adaptability and degradation efficiency of strain SJTE-3, but also provide insights for bioremediation application in complex and synthetic estrogen polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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9
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Yang L, Su W, He Y, Yan B, Luo L, Luan T. Dark transformation from 17β-estradiol to estrone initiated by hydroxyl radical in dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119570. [PMID: 36621273 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of 17β-estradiol (E2) in natural water have gained extensive attention owing to its high ecotoxic risk to wildlife. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a ubiquitous water constituent and contributes significantly to E2 removal, although the reaction mechanism is rarely clarified. The present study aims to investigate E2 transformation in water containing fresh or aged DOM surrogates at environmentally relevant concentrations in the dark. Experiments along with radical probes of benzene and furfuryl alcohol reveal that reactive radicals, particularly hydroxyl radical (·OH), formed non-photochemically at higher concentrations in aged DOM than in fresh DOM. The contribution of ·OH in E2 removal is indicated by the decreases in the removal of radical probes in the presence of E2; moreover, E2 removal is inhibited in the presence of radical scavengers. The dose-dependent inhibitive effect of substrate concentrations, including E2 and coexistent propylparaben, shows that the radical concentration is a limiting factor for E2 removal, which could be enhanced by increasing DOM concentration, dissolved oxygen, and light supply. As the main byproduct, estrone (E1) is persistent in the current DOM water in the dark, but it can be easily photodegraded when exposed to light. Theoretical analysis reveals that the initial step is ·OH-initiated H- abstraction on the hydroxyl group in the cyclopentane ring of E2. The formed singlet excited state of E2 undergoes further intramolecular rearrangement and oxidative dehydrogenation to generate E1 and the hydroperoxy radical (·HO2). Considering the universal occurrence of E2 in DOM-rich aquatic matrices, the present findings have special implications for the biogeochemical cycle and risk assessment of this pollutant in natural aquatic environments, particularly those beyond the photic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiqi Su
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingyao He
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Binhua Yan
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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10
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Liu S, Gao H, Dong Q, Su Y, Dai T, Qin Z, Yang Y, Gao Q. Bacteria are better predictive biomarkers of environmental estrogen transmission than fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118838. [PMID: 35031405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heavy reliance on estrogens in the food industry worldwide greatly contributes to the environmental release of these compounds, begetting serious public concern of their fate. Various microorganisms capable of estrogen degradation, and their catabolic pathways, have been isolated, suggesting that they can eliminate estrogens in both engineered and natural environments. Nonetheless, it remains little understood as to how potential estrogen-degrading microorganisms are distributed within those habitats. An estrogen transmission chain from swine manure to compost, compost-amended soil, and neighboring agricultural soil was investigated in five suburban areas of Beijing, China. The concentrations of major estrogen classes decreased by > 90% from manure to soils, which did not co-vary with environmental antibiotics and heavy metal concentrations. Many bacterial taxa, such as Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, could serve as potential biomarkers of estrogen concentrations, while fungi were only occasionally accurate. To explain this phenomenon, stochasticity was found to be dominant in shaping the fungal communities across all samples, while deterministic selection, arising from biotic interactions, was important for bacterial communities. Metabolic genes involved in oxidizing phenol and catalyzing oxidative ring cleavage of catechol were detected, co-varying with estrogen concentrations. These findings are important as identifying microbial biomarkers of estrogen dynamics, spanning the levels of both taxonomy and functional genes, provides valuable information for assessing estrogen bioavailability and biomarking of estrogen fate in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanbo Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yifan Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianjiao Dai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ziyan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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11
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Bai L, Ju Q, Wang C, Tian L, Wang C, Zhang H, Jiang H. Responses of steroid estrogen biodegradation to cyanobacterial organic matter biodegradability in the water column of a eutrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150058. [PMID: 34537690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and contaminants is an increasing environmental concern in freshwater worldwide. Our field investigations coupled with laboratory incubations demonstrated that the microbial degradation potential of 17β-estradiol (E2) with estrone as the intermediate was primarily driven by increased dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water column of a cyanobacterial bloom. To explain the intrinsic contribution of cyanobacterial-derived DOM (C-DOM) to estrogen biodegradation, a combination of methods including bioassay, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and microbial ecology were applied. The results showed that preferential assimilation of highly biodegradable structures, including protein-, carbohydrate-, and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like molecules sustained bacterial growth, selected for more diverse microbes, and resulted in greater estrogen biodegradation compared to less biodegradable molecules (lignin- and tannin-like molecules). The biodegradability of C-DOM decreased from 78% to 1%, whereas the E2 biodegradation rate decreased dramatically at first, then increased with the accumulation of recalcitrant, bio-produced lipid-like molecules in C-DOM. This change was linked to alternative substrate-induced selection of the bacterial community under highly refractory conditions, as suggested by the greater biomass-normalized E2 biodegradation rate after a 24-h lag phase. In addition to the increased frequency of potential degraders, such as Sphingobacterium, the network analysis revealed that C-DOM molecules distributed in high H/C (protein- and lipid-like molecules) were the main drivers structuring the bacterial community, inducing strong deterministic selection of the community assemblage and upregulating the metabolic capacity for contaminants. These findings provide strong evidence that estrogen biodegradation in eutrophic water may be facilitated by cyanobacterial blooms and provide a theoretical basis for ecological remediation of estrogen pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Ju
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunliu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Linqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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12
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Ye X, Peng T, Li Y, Huang T, Wang H, Hu Z. Identification of an important function of CYP123: Role in the monooxygenase activity in a novel estradiol degradation pathway in bacteria. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106025. [PMID: 34775032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, 17β-estradiol (E2) biodegradation pathway has still not been identified in bacteria. To bridge this gap, we have described a novel E2 degradation pathway in Rhodococcus sp. P14 in this study, which showed that estradiol could be first transferred to estrone (E1) and thereby further converted into 16-hydroxyestrone, and then transformed into opened estrogen D ring. In order to identify the genes, which may be responsible for the pathway, transcriptome analysis was performed during E2 degradation in strain P14. The results showed that the expression of a short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) gene and a CYP123 gene in the same gene cluster could be induced significantly by E2. Based on gene analysis, this gene cluster was found to play an important role in transforming E2 to 16-hydroxyestrone. The function of CYP123 was unknown before this study, and was found to harbor the activity of 16-estrone hydratase. Moreover, the global response to E2 in strain P14 was also analyzed by transcriptome analysis. It was observed that various genes involved in the metabolism processes, like the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, as well as glycolysis showed a significant increase in mRNA levels in response to strain P14 that can use E2 as the single carbon source. Overall, this study provides us an in depth understanding of the E2 degradation mechanisms in bacteria and also sheds light about the ability of strain P14 to effectively use E2 as the major carbon source for promoting its growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ye
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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13
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Palma TL, Shylova A, Costa MC. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from activated sludge capable of degrading 17α-ethinylestradiol, a contaminant of high environmental concern. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33656438 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The compound 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic oestrogen which is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Together with other endocrine disruptor compounds, EE2 has been included in the surface water Watch List by the European Commission, since it causes severe adverse effects in ecosystems. Thus, it became a high priority to find or improve processes such as biodegradation of EE2 to completely remove this drug from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The present study aimed at the isolation of bacteria capable of degrading EE2 using environmental samples, namely a sludge from the Faro Northwest WWTP. Four isolates with ability to grow in the presence of 50 mg l-1 EE2 were obtained. The analysis of 16SrRNA gene sequences identified the isolated bacteria as Acinetobacter bouvetii, Acinetobacter kookii, Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides. The results of biodegradation assays showed that Acinetobacter bouvetii, Acinetobacter kookii, Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides were able to degrade 47±4 %, 55±3 %, 64±4% and 35±4 %, respectively of 13 mg l-1 EE2 after 168 h at 28 °C. To the best of our knowledge, these bacterial isolates were identified as EE2 degraders for the first time. In a preliminary experiment on the identification of metabolic products resulting from EE2 degradation products such as estrone (E1), γ-lactone compounds, 2-pentanedioic acid and 2-butenedioic acid an intermediate metabolite of the TCA cycle, were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Luz Palma
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Centro de Ciências do Mar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anastasiia Shylova
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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14
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Zhang H, Lu Y, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang L, Niu L, Jia Z. Bacterial contribution to 17β-estradiol mineralization in lake sediment as revealed by 13C-DNA stable isotope probing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117505. [PMID: 34126514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of estrogens in aquatic environments has drawn increasing public concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Bacteria play important roles in eliminating estrogens from the environment, but knowledge of the identity and functions of the microorganisms involved in metabolizing these steroid hormones in the natural microbial communities is lacking. Here, we added 13C-17β-estradiol (13C-E2) to sediments collected from Zhushan (ZS) Bay, Meiliang (ML) Bay, Gonghu (GH) Bay, and the central area (CA) of the Taihu Lake. The indigenous assimilators of E2 in the sediments were recognized using 13C-DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP), and their effects on 13C-E2 mineralization were studied under aerobic condition. During the 30-day incubation period, ZS Bay had the highest cumulative percentage of 13C-E2 mineralization to 13CO2 (65.5%), while CA presented the lowest (51.4%). Based on DNA-SIP, we saw that Novosphingobium, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Nitrosomonas, and Alcaligenes were involved in E2-derived 13C assimilation for the entire incubation period. Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Mycobacterium only assimilated 13C for the first half of the incubation. H16 was identified as an E2 assimilator for the first time in this study. In addition, the temporal changes in assimilator abundances during the incubation period indicated that these genera played dominant roles at different stages in the process of E2 biodegradation. The bacteria engaged in the assimilation of E2 in situ were identified, and the rate of increase in the relative abundance of assimilators was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the E2 mineralization in sediments. This information enhances our knowledge of in situ E2 biodegradation and provides a potential resource that could be used to eliminate estrogens in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
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15
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Selection of Endophytic Strains for Enhanced Bacteria-Assisted Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutants Posing a Public Health Hazard. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179557. [PMID: 34502466 PMCID: PMC8431480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities generate a high quantity of organic pollutants, which have an impact on human health and cause adverse environmental effects. Monitoring of many hazardous contaminations is subject to legal regulations, but some substances such as therapeutic agents, personal care products, hormones, and derivatives of common organic compounds are currently not included in these regulations. Classical methods of removal of organic pollutants involve economically challenging processes. In this regard, remediation with biological agents can be an alternative. For in situ decontamination, the plant-based approach called phytoremediation can be used. However, the main disadvantages of this method are the limited accumulation capacity of plants, sensitivity to the action of high concentrations of hazardous pollutants, and no possibility of using pollutants for growth. To overcome these drawbacks and additionally increase the efficiency of the process, an integrated technology of bacteria-assisted phytoremediation is being used recently. For the system to work, it is necessary to properly select partners, especially endophytes for specific plants, based on the knowledge of their metabolic abilities and plant colonization capacity. The best approach that allows broad recognition of all relationships occurring in a complex community of endophytic bacteria and its variability under the influence of various factors can be obtained using culture-independent techniques. However, for practical application, culture-based techniques have priority.
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16
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Liu N, Shi YE, Li J, Zhu M, Zhang T. Identification and genome analysis of Comamonas testosteroni strain JLU460ET, a novel steroid-degrading bacterium. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 34458066 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, C. testosteroni JLU460ET isolated from animal waste was confirmed to have great degradation capability for 17β-estradiol and testosterone. This bacterium could degrade nearly 90% of 17β-estradiol (5 mg L-1) in 4 days and transform it into estrone for further degradation. One hundred percent testosterone (144 mg L-1) could be completely degraded after 9 h of incubation. This is the first report of C. testosteroni strains with the ability to degrade both estrogens and testosterone. The whole genome sequence of C. testosteroni JLU460ET was obtained and annotated, containing one chromosome (5,497,097 bp) with 61.37% GC content. A total of 4805 protein-coding genes and 134 RNA genes (including 29 rRNA genes, 102 tRNA genes and three ncRNA genes) were identified. Furthermore, the complete genome sequence of C. testosteroni JLU460ET was compared with four other C. testosteroni strains. Altogether, these five C. testosteroni strains contain 3508 core genes and 7616 pan genes. A steroid degradation pathway including 11 steroid degradation genes exists in core genes of five C. testosteroni strains. Twenty-two steroid degradation genes were found in the C. testosteroni JLU460ET genome, which has the most reported steroid degradation genes among the five C. testosteroni genomes. Further functional genomic analysis identified a gene cluster responsible for testosterone degradation in C. testosteroni JLU460ET, as well as a gene encoding 17β-HSD, the key enzyme for transforming 17β-estradiol into estrone. This work could enrich the genome sources of steroid-degrading strains and promote the study of steroid-degradation mechanism in bacteria.
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17
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Zhao S, Chen X, Sun Q, Wang F, Hu C, Guo L, Bai J, Yu H. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Global Response to Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Newly Isolated Pseudomonas sp. Strain LY1. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694874. [PMID: 34447357 PMCID: PMC8383072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), known as a common plant hormone, is one of the most distributed indole derivatives in the environment, but the degradation mechanism and cellular response network to IAA degradation are still not very clear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of IAA degradation at the protein level by a newly isolated strain Pseudomonas sp. LY1. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of strain LY1 cultivated with IAA or citrate/NH4Cl was applied. A total of 2,604 proteins were identified, and 227 proteins have differential abundances in the presence of IAA, including 97 highly abundant proteins and 130 less abundant proteins. Based on the proteomic analysis an IAA degrading (iad) gene cluster in strain LY1 containing IAA transformation genes (organized as iadHABICDEFG), genes of the β-ketoadipate pathway for catechol and protocatechuate degradation (catBCA and pcaABCDEF) were identified. The iadA, iadB, and iadE-disrupted mutants lost the ability to grow on IAA, which confirmed the role of the iad cluster in IAA degradation. Degradation intermediates were analyzed by HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS analysis. Proteomic analysis and identified products suggested that multiple degradation pathways existed in strain LY1. IAA was initially transformed to dioxindole-3-acetic acid, which was further transformed to isatin. Isatin was then transformed to isatinic acid or catechol. An in-depth data analysis suggested oxidative stress in strain LY1 during IAA degradation, and the abundance of a series of proteins was upregulated to respond to the stress, including reaction oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, protein repair, fatty acid synthesis, RNA protection, signal transduction, chemotaxis, and several membrane transporters. The findings firstly explained the adaptation mechanism of bacteria to IAA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianshu Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Wei Z, Wang JJ, Fultz LM, White P, Jeong C. Application of biochar in estrogen hormone-contaminated and manure-affected soils: Impact on soil respiration, microbial community and enzyme activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128625. [PMID: 33077185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar as a soil amendment has been proposed for enhancing carbon sequestration and manure-borne hormone contaminant remediation. However, little is known about the ecological risk of biochar application in the soil with hormone contamination. This study investigated the influence of biochar in three manure-impacted soils contaminated with estrogen hormones, natural estrogen 17β-estradiol and synthesized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol in a microcosm experiment. Specifically, microbial respiration was periodically determined during microcosm incubation while microbial community phospholipid fatty acids and activities of nutrient (C, N, P, S) cycling related enzymes (β-glucosidase, urease, phosphodiesterase, arylsulfatase) were characterized after the incubation. Results showed that the manure-impacted soils with high SOC generally had greater total microbial biomass, ratios of fungi/bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria, and phosphodiesterase activity, but lower urease activity. Additionally, hormones stimulated microbial respiration and biomass, while had little impact on activity of the enzymes. On the other hand, biochar showed negative priming effect by significantly decreasing total microbial biomass by 8.7%-26.4%, CO2 production by 16.6%-33.5%, and glucosidase activity by 27.1%-41.0% in the three soils. Biochar significantly increased the activity of phosphodiesterase, showed no impact on arylsulfatase, while decreased the activity of urease. Overall, the study suggests that when used in hormone remediation in manure-impact soils, biochar could improve phosphodiesterase activity, but may decrease soil microbial activity and the activity of soil glucosidase and urease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
| | - Lisa M Fultz
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Paul White
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA, 70360, United States
| | - Changyoon Jeong
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Bossier City, LA, 71112, United States
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19
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Jiang Z, Deng S, Wang L, Hu Y, Cao B, Lv J, Qu J, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Nicosulfuron inhibits atrazine biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. DNS10:Influencing mechanisms insight from bacteria viability, gene transcription and reactive oxygen species production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116517. [PMID: 33508629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicosulfuron is a sulfonylurea family herbicide which is commonly applied together with the triazine herbicide atrazine in agricultural practice. However, whether nicosulfuron can influence the biodegradation of atrazine is unclear. Therefore, the influence of nicosulfuron on atrazine removal as well as on cell viability and transcription of atrazine chlorohydrolase gene (trzN) in Arthrobacter sp. DNS10 was investigated in this study. Our results demonstrated that 76.0% of atrazine was degraded in the absence of nicosulfuron after 48h of culture, whereas 63.9, 49.1 and 42.6% was degraded in the presence of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L of nicosulfuron, respectively. Nicosulfuron also induced an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby damaging the cell membrane integrity and inhibiting the growth of the strain DNS10. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell viability of strain DNS10 decreased with an increase in nicosulfuron concentration. The transcription of trzN in strain DNS10 exposed to the three described levels of nicosulfuron was 0.99, 0.72 and 0.52 times, respectively, that without nicosulfuron. In brief, nicosulfuron could inhibit atrazine removal efficiency by strain DNS10 by inducing the over-production of ROS which ultimately enhances the population of membrane-damaged cells, as well as reducing cell viability and trzN transcription. The outcomes of the present study provide new insights into the mechanism of nicosulfuron inhibition on atrazine biodegradation by strain DNS10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shijie Deng
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Metwally E, Chughtai MI, Mazhar MU, Khan SA. Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1-10. [PMID: 33997325 PMCID: PMC8110851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The gut lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products and structural components, which are derived through the gut microbiota, generate a signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota is not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates in the regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, which are localized in the gut, allow for the metabolization of steroid hormones through the stimulation of different enzymes. Reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and testosterone play a pivotal role in the successful completion of reproductive events. Disruption in this mechanism may lead to reproductive disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect the metabolism, and degrade steroid hormones and their relevant compounds. This behavior of the bacteria can safely be implemented to eliminate steroidal compounds from a polluted environment. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of steroid hormones on the regulation of gut microbiota and vice-versa, and also examined the significant influence this process has on various events of reproductive function. Altogether, the evidence suggests that steroid hormones and gut microbiota exert a central role in the modification of host bacterial action and impact the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad A Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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Duan W, Du S, Meng F, Peng X, Peng L, Lin Y, Wang G, Wu J. The pathways by which the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. OUC2 biodegrades p-xylene, combined with a mechanistic analysis at the proteomic level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110687. [PMID: 32361489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A marine diatom, Thalassiosira sp. OUC2, was isolated from natural seawater collected from Daya Bay, China. This diatom degraded 1.25-40 mg L-1p-xylene within five days, at a removal efficiency exceeding 98%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis indicated that p-xylene was converted into 4-methylbenzyl alcohol, p-toluic acid, and p-cresol in the presence of strain OUC2. Meanwhile, proteomic analysis showed that, after exposure to p-xylene, several algal enzymes were significantly upregulated: including monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Moreover, ecotoxicological tests suggested that the intermediate metabolites were less toxic than the parent compound (p-xylene). Thalassiosira sp. OUC2 may thus be suitable for the remediation of p-xylene-contaminated marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Shuhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guoshan Wang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Li S, Liu J, Williams MA, Ling W, Sun K, Lu C, Gao Y, Waigi MG. Metabolism of 17β-estradiol by Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1 as probed via HRMS combined with 13C 3-labeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121875. [PMID: 31862352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the biodegradation and metabolic mechanisms of 17β-estradiol (E2) by Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1 isolated from the activated sludge in a domestic sewage treatment plant (STP). It could degrade 97.1% E2 (73.5 μmol/L) in 7 d with a biodegradation half-life of 1.29 d. E2 was initially converted to estrone (E1), then to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1), before subsequent monooxygenation reactions cleaved 4-OH-E1 into a metabolite with long-chain ketones structure (metabolite P8). However, when 4-OH-E1 was cleaved through the 4,5-seco pathway, the resulting phenol ring cleavage product could randomly condense with NH3 to yield a pyridine derivative, accompanied by the uncertain loss of a carboxy group at C4 before the condensation. The derivative was further oxidized into the metabolites with both pyridine and long-chain ketones structure (metabolite N5) through a similar formation mechanism as for P8 performed. This research presents several novel metabolites and shows that E2 can be biodegraded into the metabolite with long-chain structure through three optional pathways, thereby reducing E2 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mark A Williams
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, United States
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Liu N, Shi YE, Li J, Zhu M, Zhang T. Isolation and characterization of a new highly effective 17β-estradiol-degrading Gordonia sp. strain R9. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:174. [PMID: 32206508 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, Gordonia sp. strain R9 isolated from an enrichment culture of chicken leachate was confirmed to degrade 17β-estradiol (E2), which can also use other estrogens (estrone, estriol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol) and testosterone as sole carbon and energy sources. Optimization of growth conditions showed that Gordonia sp. strain R9 can tolerate a very wide range of temperature (4-40 °C) and pH (1.0-11.0), and is sensitive to antibiotics including kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and carbenicillin. Optimal culture conditions for E2 degradation were 30 °C and pH 7.0 with almost 100% degradation of E2 concentrations ranging from 50 µg/L to 5 mg/L within 24 h. The E2 intermediates so generated included estrone (E1), estratriol (E3), (3Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-3a-methyl-7-oxododecahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-6-ylidene) propanoic acid and 3-hydroxy-3a-methyl-7-oxododecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene-6-carboxylic acid. These results indicate that the highly effective E2-degradative ability of Gordonia sp. strain R9 merits further investigation as a candidate for large-scale estrogen biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yue-E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jialu Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Tingdi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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Abstract
Steroid hormones in the environment have obtained considerable attention, as they can be harmful to aquatic organisms at very low concentrations. An analytical method was developed for simultaneously monitoring four estrogens, seven androgens, seven progestogens, and eleven glucocorticoids in a single water sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Laboratory studies were then performed to investigate the aerobic biodegradation of 29 steroids belonging to the four groups. The degradation of target steroids followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the degradation half-life (t1/2) of estrogens, androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids was 1.2–8.7 h, 0.3–1.3 h, 1.4–7.7 h, and 1.4–23.1 h, respectively. Most of the esterified glucocorticoids were more persistent than the parent compounds, but the t1/2 for halogenated glucocorticoids was longer than that of their esterified compounds. In addition, C-21 ester glucocorticoids were more prone to decomposition than C-17 esters. Hydrolysis did not significantly affect the decomposition of esterified steroids.
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Xiong W, Yin C, Wang Y, Lin S, Deng Z, Liang R. Characterization of an efficient estrogen-degrading bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SJTH1 in saline-, alkaline-, heavy metal-contained environments or solid soil and identification of four 17β-estradiol-oxidizing dehydrogenases. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121616. [PMID: 31780289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficient bioremediation of estrogen contamination in complex environments is of great concern. Here the strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SJTH1 was found with great and stable estrogen-degradation efficiency even under stress environments. The strain could utilize 17β-estradiol (E2) as a carbon source and degrade 90% of 10 mg/L E2 in a week; estrone (E1) was the first degrading intermediate of E2. Notably, diverse pH conditions (3.0-11.0) and supplements of 4% salinity, 6.25 mg/L of heavy metal (Cd2+ or Cu2+), or 1 CMC of surfactant (Tween 80/ Triton X-100) had little effect on its cell growth and estrogen degradation. The addition of low concentrations of copper and Tween 80 even promoted its E2 degradation. Bioaugmentation of strain SJTH1 into solid clay soil achieved over 80% removal of E2 contamination (10 mg/kg) within two weeks. Further, the whole genome sequence of S. maltophilia SJTH1 was obtained, and a series of potential genes participating in stress-tolerance and estrogen-degradation were predicted. Four dehydrogenases similar to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) were found to be induced by E2, and the four heterogenous-expressed enzymes could oxidize E2 into E1 efficiently. This work could promote bioremediation appliance potential with microorganisms and biodegradation mechanism study of estrogens in complex real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Pratush A, Ye X, Yang Q, Kan J, Peng T, Wang H, Huang T, Xiong G, Hu Z. Biotransformation strategies for steroid estrogen and androgen pollution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2385-2409. [PMID: 31993703 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The common steroid hormones are estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and testosterone (T). These steroids are reported to contaminate the environment through wastewater treatment plants. Steroid estrogens are widespread in the aquatic environment and therefore pose a potential risk, as exposure to these compounds has adverse impacts on vertebrates. Excessive exposure to steroid estrogens causes endocrine disruption in aquatic vertebrates, which affects the normal sexual life of these animals. Steroid pollutants also cause several health problems in humans and other animals. Microbial degradation is an efficient method for removing hormone pollutants from the environment by remediation. Over the last two decades, microbial metabolism of steroids has gained considerable attention due to its higher efficiency to reduce pollutants from the environment. The present review is focused on the major causes of steroid pollution, concentrations of these pollutants in surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater, their effect on humans and aquatic animals, as well as recent efforts by various research groups that seek better ways to degrade steroids by aerobic and anaerobic microbial systems. Detailed overview of aerobic and anaerobic microbial biotransformation of steroid estrogens and testosterone present in the environment along with the active enzyme systems involved in these biotransformation reactions is described in the review article, which helps readers to understand the biotransformation mechanism of steroids in depth. Other measures such as co-metabolic degradation, consortia degradation, algal, and fungal steroid biotransformation are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pratush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xueying Ye
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jie Kan
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhong Hu
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Liu SS, Chen J, Zhang JN, Liu YS, Hu LX, Chen XW, Liu S, Xu XR, Ying GG. Microbial transformation of progesterone and dydrogesterone by bacteria from swine wastewater: Degradation kinetics and products identification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134930. [PMID: 31726410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestogens in livestock environments have become a concern due to the frequent presence and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Here we investigated the biotransformation of progestogens by wastewater-borne bacteria in the field and laboratory under oxic and anoxic conditions. The results showed that all progestogens dissipated faster under oxic conditions than under anoxic conditions, and natural progesterone transformed faster than synthetic progestogens. Meanwhile, dozens of bacterial strains capable of degrading progestogens were successfully isolated from the swine wastewater, and Bacillus sp. P19 and Bacillus sp. DGT2 were found the best for progesterone and dydrogesterone transformation, respectively. In the degradation experiments using a single bacterial strain, progesterone and dydrogesterone dissipated under oxic conditions with half-lives of 11.6 h and 18.2 h, respectively. The transformation pathways were proposed based on the identified transformation products. The findings from this study showed that progestogens can be biotransformed, but not fully mineralized in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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28
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Li C, Kong X, Lan L, Tadda MA, Liu D. Effects of carbon sources on 17 beta-estradiol degradation by Sphingomonas sp. and the analysis of the involved intracellular metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:197-206. [PMID: 31841122 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) ubiquitously exists in various water bodies with long-term endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic impacts on wildlife even at the trace level of ng L-1. However, it remains unclear how easy-to-degrade carbon sources alter E2 biodegradation patterns. In this study, E2 biodegradation by Sphingomonas sp. MCCC 1A06484 was investigated with regard to alternative carbon sources. Results showed that the bacterium preferentially utilized glucose, sodium succinate and sodium acetate over E2. Interestingly, the presence of these preferred nutrients increased the E2 removal efficiency by 20.1%. Furthermore, a positive relation (p < 0.05) between the utilization of total organic carbon (TOC) and E2 was found. Using intracellular metabolomics by UHPLC-QTOF-MS, 11 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated metabolites (variable importance > 1, p < 0.05) were identified in the bacterium when cultivated with E2 under various carbon and nitrogen backgrounds. The E2 exposure contributed to metabolism changes of lipid, nucleotide, carbohydrate, amino acid and membrane transport, which were considered to play roles in the E2 metabolism. The up-regulated phosphatidylcholine might act as an indicator during the bacterial degradation of E2. Generally, this study contributes to an in-depth understanding of E2 biodegradation in complex environments with multiple carbon and nitrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianwang Kong
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lihua Lan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Musa Abubakar Tadda
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, China.
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29
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Xiong W, Yin C, Peng W, Deng Z, Lin S, Liang R. Characterization of an 17β-estradiol-degrading bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SJTL3 tolerant to adverse environmental factors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1291-1305. [PMID: 31834439 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of environmental estrogens requires microorganisms with stable degradation efficiency and great stress tolerance in complex environments. In this work, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SJTL3 isolated from wastewater was found to be able to degrade over 90% of 10 μg/mL 17β-estradiol (E2) in a week and the degradation dynamic was fitted by the first-order kinetic equations. Estrone was the first and major intermediate of E2 biodegradation. Strain SJTL3 exhibited strong tolerance to several adverse conditions like extreme pH (3.0-11.0), high osmolality (2%), co-existing heavy metals (6.25 μg/mL of Cu2+) and surfactants (5 CMC of Tween 80), and retained normal cell vitality and stable E2-degradaing efficiency. In solid soil, strain SJTL3 could remove nearly 100% of 1 μg/mL of E2 after the bacteria inoculation and 8-day culture. As to the contamination of 10 μg/mL E2 in soil, the biodegradation efficiency was about 90%. The further obtainment of the whole genome of strain SJTL3 and genome analysis revealed that this strain contained not only the potential genes responsible for estrogen degradation, but also the genes encoding proteins involved in stress tolerance. This work could promote the estrogen-biodegrading mechanism study and provide insights into the bioremediation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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30
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Zhang H, Wang L, Li Y, Wang P, Wang C. Background nutrients and bacterial community evolution determine 13C-17β-estradiol mineralization in lake sediment microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2304-2311. [PMID: 30332663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biodegradation plays a key role in determining the fate of estrogens and can be affected by the background nutrients in natural environments. However, information on how microbial community and nutrient conditions influence estrogen biodegradation is very limited. In this study, 13C-17β-estradiol (13C-E2) was supplied to sediments from the Central Area (CA), Gonghu (GH), Meiliang (ML), and Zhushan (ZS) Bays of Taihu Lake to investigate shifts in bacterial community structure associated with 13C-E2 mineralization over a 30-day incubation period, and the relationships between the background nutrients and cumulative 13C-E2 mineralization rates. The cumulative 13C-E2 mineralization rate for ZS Bay was 87.40% on Day 30, which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the rates for ML Bay (67.74%), GH Bay (62.79%), and the CA (52.60%). A correlation analysis suggested that the cumulative 13C-E2 mineralization rate was significantly and positively related to the concentrations of total organic carbon (P < 0.01), nitrate-nitrogen (P < 0.05), ammonia-nitrogen (P < 0.001), and dissolved phosphorus (P < 0.001) in the sediments. Although the highest relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes (contain most estrogen-degrading bacteria) were not initially in the ZS Bay sediment, the addition of 13C-E2 stimulated their growth in all sediments, with the greatest increases observed for ZS Bay. At the genus level, the cumulative increases of seven genera (Nitrosomonas, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Novosphingobium, Alcaligenes and Mycobacterium) considered to be associated with E2 degradation were also highest for ZS Bay (80.2 times), followed by ML Bay (39.8 times), GH Bay (28.1 times), and CA (19.0 times). Besides the higher nutrient concentrations, the responses of bacteria to 13C-E2 addition in ZS Bay could also explain it having the highest cumulative 13C-E2 mineralization rate. These results indicate both the background nutrients and bacterial community evolution in the sediments determined the 13C-E2 mineralization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Ye X, Peng T, Feng J, Yang Q, Pratush A, Xiong G, Huang T, Hu Z. A novel dehydrogenase 17β-HSDx from Rhodococcus sp. P14 with potential application in bioremediation of steroids contaminated environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:170-177. [PMID: 30236938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are endocrine disrupting compounds in human and are distributed in various environments. Our previous study showed that a marine bacterium Rhodococcus sp. P14 was able to efficiently degrade one typical steroid estradiol. In this study, we showed that P14 could also use other steroids, including estriol and testosterone, as sole carbon source for growth. Two dehydrogenation products, 16-hydroxestrone and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione, were detected during estriol and testosterone degradation, respectively. By screening the genome, a short chain dehydrogenase gene was identified and named as 17β-HSDx. Expression of 17β-HSDx was induced in P14 when estriol, estradiol or testosterone was used as single carbon source. In addition, 17β-HSDx was shown to have dehydrogenation ability of transforming estriol to 16-hydroxestrone, estradiol to estrone and testosterone to androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione. This is the first short chain dehydrogenase identified in bacteria with dehydrogenation ability on various steroids substrates. Overall, this study reveals that 17β-HSDx has potential application in the bioremediation of steroids contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ye
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jiarong Feng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Amit Pratush
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 24103, Germany
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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Stadler LB, Delgado Vela J, Jain S, Dick GJ, Love NG. Elucidating the impact of microbial community biodiversity on pharmaceutical biotransformation during wastewater treatment. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:995-1007. [PMID: 29076630 PMCID: PMC6196385 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to removing organics and other nutrients, the microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) biotransform many pharmaceuticals present in wastewater. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pharmaceutical biotransformation and biodiversity in WWTP bioreactor microbial communities and identify taxa and functional genes that were strongly associated with biotransformation. Dilution-to-extinction of an activated sludge microbial community was performed to establish cultures with a gradient of microbial biodiversity. Batch experiments were performed using the dilution cultures to determine biotransformation extents of several environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals. With this approach, because the communities were all established from the same original community, and using sequencing of the 16S rRNA and metatranscriptome, we identified candidate taxa and genes whose activity and transcript abundances associated with the extent of individual pharmaceutical biotransformation and were lost across the biodiversity gradient. Metabolic genes such as dehydrogenases, amidases and monooxygenases were significantly associated with pharmaceutical biotransformation, and five genera were identified whose activity significantly associated with pharmaceutical biotransformation. Understanding how biotransformation relates to biodiversity will inform the design of biological WWTPs for enhanced removal of chemicals that negatively impact environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Stadler
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Present address:
Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringRice University6100 Main Street, MS‐516HoustonTX77005USA
| | - Jeseth Delgado Vela
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Sunit Jain
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Present address:
Second Genome341 Allerton AvenueSouth San FranciscoCA94080USA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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Reis PJM, Homem V, Alves A, Vilar VJP, Manaia CM, Nunes OC. Insights on sulfamethoxazole bio-transformation by environmental Proteobacteria isolates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:310-318. [PMID: 29990819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although sulfonamide residues are frequently reported as freshwaters contaminants, information on the ability of native bacteria to modify these synthetic antibiotics is scarce. Our purpose was to investigate the potential of bacteria from different aquatic environments to cleave or transform sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and infer on their ability to reduce the toxicity of this antibiotic. From a collection of about 100 Proteobacteria, 47 strains previously isolated from drinking water, surface water, and wastewater grew in the presence of 200 μMSMX, and were further studied. Out of these, 14 strains, mostly from mineral drinking water, transformed SMX into equimolar amounts of the lesser toxic derivative N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole. The highest percentage of SMX transformation was recorded for two strains affiliated to Pseudomonas mandelii. For P. mandelii McBPA4 higher SMX transformation rate and extent were observed in fed-batch (∼8 μMSMX/h, 81%) than in batch conditions (∼5 μMSMX/h, 25%), but similar specific transformation rates were found in both cultivation modes (∼20 μmolSMX/gcell dry weight/h), indicating the dependence of the process on the microbial load. These results evidence that the capacity to transform synthetic antibiotics may be common among bacteria and highlight the potential of environmental bacteria in attenuating the potential adverse effects of pollution with sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia J M Reis
- LEPABE - Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE - Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Wang Y, Rui M, Nie Y, Lu G. Influence of gastrointestinal tract on metabolism of bisphenol A as determined by in vitro simulated system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 355:111-118. [PMID: 29778027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral exposure is a major route of human bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. However, influence of gastrointestinal tract on BPA metabolism is unavailable. In this study, in vitro simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) was applied to investigate the changes in bioaccessibility and metabolism of BPA in different parts of gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine and colon). Then the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was employed to compare toxic effects of BPA itself and effluents of SHIME system on hepatic gene expression profiles. Results showed that level of bioaccessible BPA decreased with the process of gastrointestinal digestion. But the gastrointestinal digestion could not completely degrade BPA. Then, BPA exposure significantly changed microbial community in colons and increased the percentage of microbes shared in ascending, transverse and descending colons. Abundances of BPA-degradable bacteria, such as Microbacterium and Alcaligenes, were up-regulated. Further, SHIME effluents significantly up-regulated expressions of genes related to estrogenic effect and oxidative stress compared to BPA itself, but reduced or had little change on the risk of cell apoptosis and fatty deposits. This study sheds new lights on influence of gastrointestinal digestion on bioaccessibility and toxic effects of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Min Rui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yang Nie
- Hangzhou Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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35
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Ma L, Yates SR. Degradation and metabolite formation of 17ß-estradiol-3-glucuronide and 17ß-estradiol-3-sulphate in river water and sediment. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:1-9. [PMID: 29621712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory degradation tests with two model estrogen conjugates, 17ß-estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G) and 17ß-estradiol-3-sulphate (E2-3S), using river water and sediment as inoculum under aerobic conditions were investigated. Throughout the 14-day incubation, degradation of E2-3G in river water, at environmentally-relevant level (25 ng/L), obeyed first-order kinetics with the formation of 17-ß estradiol and estrone; in contrast, E2-3S was slowly converted to estrone-3-sulphate stoichiometrically. Degradation of the two conjugates across the spiking concentrations (0.01-1 μg/g) was much faster in sediment than in river water where 25 ng/L of conjugate standards were spiked, possibly due to relatively high population densities of microorganisms in sediment. De-conjugation of the thio-ester bond at C-3 position and oxidation at C-17 position were the predominant degradation mechanisms for E2-3G and E2-3S, respectively, with negligible presence of metabolites estrone-3-glucuronide for E2-3G and 17ß-estradiol for E2-3S. In addition, delta-9(11)-dehydroestrone and 6-ketoestrone were determined as new metabolites of the two conjugates. Also, a lactone compound, hydroxylated estrone and a few sulfate conjugates were tentatively identified. With the observation of new metabolites, biodegradation pathways of E2-3G and E2-3S were proposed. The formation of new metabolites may pose unknown risks to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Scott R Yates
- Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, United States.
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Papadopoulou ES, Perruchon C, Vasileiadis S, Rousidou C, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Molassiotis A, Karpouzas DG. Metabolic and Evolutionary Insights in the Transformation of Diphenylamine by a Pseudomonas putida Strain Unravelled by Genomic, Proteomic, and Transcription Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:676. [PMID: 29681895 PMCID: PMC5897751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphenylamine (DPA) is a common soil and water contaminant. A Pseudomonas putida strain, recently isolated from a wastewater disposal site, was efficient in degrading DPA. Thorough knowledge of the metabolic capacity, genetic stability and physiology of bacteria during biodegradation of pollutants is essential for their future industrial exploitation. We employed genomic, proteomic, transcription analyses and plasmid curing to (i) identify the genetic network of P. putida driving the microbial transformation of DPA and explore its evolution and origin and (ii) investigate the physiological response of bacterial cells during degradation of DPA. Genomic analysis identified (i) two operons encoding a biphenyl (bph) and an aniline (tdn) dioxygenase, both flanked by transposases and (ii) two operons and several scattered genes encoding the ortho-cleavage of catechol. Proteomics identified 11 putative catabolic proteins, all but BphA1 up-regulated in DPA- and aniline-growing cells, and showed that the bacterium mobilized cellular mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress, probably induced by DPA and its derivatives. Transcription analysis verified the role of the selected genes/operons in the metabolic pathway: DPA was initially transformed to aniline and catechol by a biphenyl dioxygenase (DPA-dioxygenase); aniline was then transformed to catechol which was further metabolized via the ortho-cleavage pathway. Plasmid curing of P. putida resulted in loss of the DPA and aniline dioxygenase genes and the corresponding degradation capacities. Overall our findings provide novel insights into the evolution of the DPA degradation pathway and suggests that the degradation capacity of P. putida was acquired through recruitment of the bph and tdn operons via horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia S Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chiara Perruchon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Constantina Rousidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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37
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Du Z, Chen Y, Li X. Quantitative proteomic analyses of the microbial degradation of estrone under various background nitrogen and carbon conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:361-368. [PMID: 28686938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation of estrogenic compounds can be affected by the nitrogen source and background carbon in the environment. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of estrone (E1) biodegradation at the protein level under various background nitrogen (nitrate or ammonium) and carbon conditions (no background carbon, acetic acid, or humic acid as background carbon) by a newly isolated bacterial strain. The E1 degrading bacterial strain, Hydrogenophaga atypica ZD1, was isolated from river sediments and its proteome was characterized under various experimental conditions using quantitative proteomics. Results show that the E1 degradation rate was faster when ammonium was used as the nitrogen source than with nitrate. The degradation rate was also faster when either acetic acid or humic acid was present in the background. Proteomics analyses suggested that the E1 biodegradation products enter the tyrosine metabolism pathway. Compared to nitrate, ammonium likely promoted E1 degradation by increasing the activities of the branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (IlvE) and enzymes involved in the glutamine synthetase-glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GS-GOGAT) pathway. The increased E1 degradation rate with acetic acid or humic acid in the background can also be attributed to the up-regulation of IlvE. Results from this study can help predict and explain E1 biodegradation kinetics under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Du
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Yinguang Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.
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Xu J, Zhang L, Hou J, Wang X, Liu H, Zheng D, Liang R. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the global response to 17β-estradiol in estrogen-degradation strain Pseudomonas putida SJTE-1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41682. [PMID: 28155874 PMCID: PMC5290480 DOI: 10.1038/srep41682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganism degradation is efficient to remove the steroid hormones like 17β-estradiol (E2); but their degradation mechanism and metabolic network to these chemicals are still not very clear. Here the global responses of the estrogen-degradation strain Pseudomonas putida SJTE-1 to 17β-estradiol and glucose were analyzed and compared using the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization) strategy combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). 78 proteins were identified with significant changes in expression; 45 proteins and 33 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. These proteins were mainly involved in the processes of stress response, energy metabolism, transportation, chemotaxis and cell motility, and carbon metabolism, considered probably responding to 17β-estradiol and playing a role in its metabolism. The up-regulated proteins in electron transfer, energy generation and transport systems were thought crucial for efficient uptake, translocation and transformation of 17β-estradiol. The over-expression of carbon metabolism proteins indicated cells may activate related pathway members to utilize 17β-estradiol. Meanwhile, proteins functioning in glucose capture and metabolism were mostly down-regulated. These findings provide important clues to reveal the 17β-estradiol degradation mechanism in P. putida and promote its bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Li S, Liu J, Sun M, Ling W, Zhu X. Isolation, Characterization, and Degradation Performance of the 17β-Estradiol-Degrading Bacterium Novosphingobium sp. E2S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E115. [PMID: 28125060 PMCID: PMC5334669 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 17β-estradiol (E2)-degrading bacterium E2S was isolated from the activated sludge in a sewage treatment plant (STP). The morphology, biological characteristics, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence of strain E2S indicated that it belonged to the genus Novosphingobium. The optimal degrading conditions were 30 °C and pH 7.0. The ideal inoculum volume was 5% (v/v), and a 20-mL degradation system was sufficient to support the removal ability of strain E2S. The addition of extra NaCl to the system did not benefit the E2 degradation in batch culture by this strain. Strain E2S exhibited high degradation efficiency with initial substrate concentrations of 10-50 mg·L-1. For example, in mineral salt medium containing 50 mg·L-1 of E2, the degradation efficiency was 63.29% after seven days. In cow manure samples supplemented with 50 mg·L-1 of E2, strain E2S exhibited 66.40% degradation efficiency after seven days. The finding of the E2-degrading strain E2S provided a promising method for removing E2 from livestock manure in order to reduce the potential environmental risks of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Minxia Sun
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xuezhu Zhu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Venkidusamy K, Megharaj M. Identification of Electrode Respiring, Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacterial Strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MK2 Highlights the Untapped Potential for Environmental Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1965. [PMID: 28018304 PMCID: PMC5145854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrode respiring bacteria (ERB) possess a great potential for many biotechnological applications such as microbial electrochemical remediation systems (MERS) because of their exoelectrogenic capabilities to degrade xenobiotic pollutants. Very few ERB have been isolated from MERS, those exhibited a bioremediation potential toward organic contaminants. Here we report once such bacterial strain, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MK2, a facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from a hydrocarbon fed MERS, showed a potent hydrocarbonoclastic behavior under aerobic and anaerobic environments. Distinct properties of the strain MK2 were anaerobic fermentation of the amino acids, electrode respiration, anaerobic nitrate reduction and the ability to metabolize n-alkane components (C8–C36) of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) including the biomarkers, pristine and phytane. The characteristic of diazoic dye decolorization was used as a criterion for pre-screening the possible electrochemically active microbial candidates. Bioelectricity generation with concomitant dye decolorization in MERS showed that the strain is electrochemically active. In acetate fed microbial fuel cells (MFCs), maximum current density of 273 ± 8 mA/m2 (1000 Ω) was produced (power density 113 ± 7 mW/m2) by strain MK2 with a coulombic efficiency of 34.8%. Further, the presence of possible alkane hydroxylase genes (alkB and rubA) in the strain MK2 indicated that the genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation are of diverse origin. Such observations demonstrated the potential of facultative hydrocarbon degradation in contaminated environments. Identification of such a novel petrochemical hydrocarbon degrading ERB is likely to offer a new route to the sustainable bioremedial process of source zone contamination with simultaneous energy generation through MERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Venkidusamy
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the EnvironmentMawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the EnvironmentMawson Lakes, SA, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
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41
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Leng Y, Bao J, Chang G, Zheng H, Li X, Du J, Snow D, Li X. Biotransformation of tetracycline by a novel bacterial strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DT1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:125-133. [PMID: 27420384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although several abiotic processes have been reported that can transform antibiotics, little is known about whether and how microbiological processes may degrade antibiotics in the environment. This work isolated one tetracycline degrading bacterial strain, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DT1, and characterized the biotransformation of tetracycline by DT1 under various environmental conditions. The biotransformation rate was the highest when the initial pH was 9 and the reaction temperature was at 30°C, and can be described using the Michaelis-Menten model under different initial tetracycline concentrations. When additional substrate was present, the substrate that caused increased biomass resulted in a decreased biotransformation rate of tetracycline. According to disk diffusion tests, the biotransformation products of tetracycline had lower antibiotic potency than the parent compound. Six possible biotransformation products were identified, and a potential biotransformation pathway was proposed that included sequential removal of N-methyl, carbonyl, and amine function groups. Results from this study can lead to better estimation of the fate and transport of antibiotics in the environment and has the potential to be utilized in designing engineering processes to remove tetracycline from water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Leng
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jianguo Bao
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Gaofeng Chang
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Han Zheng
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiangkun Du
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Daniel Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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42
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Gu L, Huang B, Xu Z, Ma X, Pan X. Dissolved organic matter as a terminal electron acceptor in the microbial oxidation of steroid estrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:26-33. [PMID: 27543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogen in natural waters may be biodegraded by quinone-reducing bacteria, dissolved organic matter (DOM) may serve as a terminal electron acceptor in this process. The influence of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and light illumination on the reduction efficiency of anthraquinone-2-disulfonate (AQS) was investigated using 17β-estradiol (E2) as the target species. The optimum reduction conditions were found to be in the dark under anaerobic conditions at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. Quinone-reducing bacteria can use the quinone structure of DOM components as a terminal electron acceptor coupling with microbial growth to promote biodegradation. Compared with other DOM models, AQS best stimulated E2 biodegradation and the mediating effect was improved as the AQS concentration increased from 0 to 0.5 mM. However, further increase had an inhibiting effect. Natural DOM containing lake humic acid (LHA) and lake fulvic acid (LFA) had a very important accelerating effect on the degradation of E2, the action mechanism of which was consistent with that defined using DOM models. The natural DOM contained more aromatic compounds, demonstrating their greater electron-accepting capacity and generally more effective support for microorganism growth and E2 oxidation than Aldrich humic acid (HA). These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of microbial degradation of steroid estrogens in anaerobic environments and confirm DOM as an important terminal electron acceptor in pollutant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Gu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
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43
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Wang J, Wang S. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 182:620-640. [PMID: 27552641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants which might pose potential hazards to environment and health. These pollutants are becoming ubiquitous in the environments because they cannot be effectively removed by the conventional wastewater treatment plants due to their toxic and recalcitrant performance. The presence of PPCPs has received increasing attention in recent years, resulting in great concern on their occurrence, transformation, fate and risk in the environments. A variety of technologies, including physical, biological and chemical processes have been extensively investigated for the removal of PPCPs from wastewater. In this paper, the classes, functions and the representatives of the frequently detected PPCPs in aquatic environments were summarized. The analytic methods for PPCPs were briefly introduced. The removal efficiency of PPCPs by wastewater treatment plants was analyzed and discussed. The removal of PPCPs from wastewater by physical, chemical and biological processes was analyzed, compared and summarized. Finally, suggestions are made for future study of PPCPs. This review can provide an overview for the removal of PPCPs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Shizong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Mukherjee P, Roy P. Genomic Potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Bioremediation with an Assessment of Its Multifaceted Role in Our Environment. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:967. [PMID: 27446008 PMCID: PMC4916776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas is rapidly evolving as a nosocomial pathogen in immuno-compromised patients. Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is problematic because of their increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics. This article aims to review the multi-disciplinary role of Stenotrophomonas in our environment with special focus on their metabolic and genetic potential in relation to bioremediation and phytoremediation. Current and emerging treatments and diagnosis for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed besides their capability of production of novel bioactive compounds. The plant growth promoting characteristics of this bacterium has been considered with special reference to secondary metabolite production. Nano-particle synthesis by Stenotrophomonas has also been reviewed in addition to their applications as effective biocontrol agents in plant and animal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Burdwan UniversityBurdwan, India
| | - Pranab Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of TechnologyHaldia, India
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Kjeldal H, Zhou NA, Wissenbach DK, von Bergen M, Gough HL, Nielsen JL. Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolite Characterization of Gemfibrozil-Degrading Organism Bacillus sp. GeD10. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:744-755. [PMID: 26683816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a widely used hypolipidemic and triglyceride lowering drug. Excess of the drug is excreted and discharged into the environment primarily via wastewater treatment plant effluents. Bacillus sp. GeD10, a gemfibrozil-degrader, was previously isolated from activated sludge. It is the first identified bacterium capable of degrading gemfibrozil. Gemfibrozil degradation by Bacillus sp. GeD10 was here studied through genome sequencing, quantitative proteomics and metabolite analysis. From the bacterial proteome of Bacillus sp. GeD10 1974 proteins were quantified, of which 284 proteins were found to be overabundant by more than 2-fold (FDR corrected p-value ≤0.032, fold change (log2) ≥ 1) in response to gemfibrozil exposure. Metabolomic analysis identified two hydroxylated intermediates as well as a glucuronidated hydroxyl-metabolite of gemfibrozil. Overall, gemfibrozil exposure in Bacillus sp. GeD10 increased the abundance of several enzymes potentially involved in gemfibrozil degradation as well as resulted in the production of several gemfibrozil metabolites. The potential catabolic pathway/modification included ring-hydroxylation preparing the substrate for subsequent ring cleavage by a meta-cleaving enzyme. The identified genes may allow for monitoring of potential gemfibrozil-degrading organisms in situ and increase the understanding of microbial processing of trace level contaminants. This study represents the first omics study on a gemfibrozil-degrading bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Kjeldal
- Aalborg University , Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicolette A Zhou
- Aalborg University , Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- University of Washington , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | | | - Martin von Bergen
- Aalborg University , Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidi L Gough
- University of Washington , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | - Jeppe L Nielsen
- Aalborg University , Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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46
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Zhou NA, Kjeldal H, Gough HL, Nielsen JL. Identification of Putative Genes Involved in Bisphenol A Degradation Using Differential Protein Abundance Analysis of Sphingobium sp. BiD32. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12232-41. [PMID: 26390302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol A (BPA) with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents into surface waters results in deleterious effects on aquatic life. Sphingobium sp. BiD32 was previously isolated from activated sludge based on its ability to degrade BPA. This study investigated BPA metabolism by Sphingobium sp. BiD32 using label-free quantitative proteomics. The genome of Sphingobium sp. BiD32 was sequenced to provide a species-specific platform for optimal protein identification. The bacterial proteomes of Sphingobium sp. BiD32 in the presence and absence of BPA were identified and quantified. A total of 2155 proteins were identified; 1174 of these proteins were quantified, and 184 of these proteins had a statistically significant change in abundance in response to the presence/absence of BPA (p ≤ 0.05). Proteins encoded by genes previously identified to be responsible for protocatechuate degradation were upregulated in the presence of BPA. The analysis of the metabolites from BPA degradation by Sphingobium sp. BiD32 detected a hydroxylated metabolite. A novel p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase enzyme detected by proteomics was implicated in the metabolic pathway associated with the detected metabolite. This enzyme is hypothesized to be involved in BPA degradation by Sphingobium sp. BiD32, and may serve as a future genetic marker for BPA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette A Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | - Henrik Kjeldal
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Gough
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | - Jeppe L Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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47
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Kurisu F, Zang K, Kasuga I, Furumai H, Yagi O. Identification of estrone-degrading Betaproteobacteria in activated sludge by microautoradiography fluorescent in situ
hybridization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:28-35. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kurisu
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Zang
- Department of Urban Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - I. Kasuga
- Department of Urban Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Furumai
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - O. Yagi
- College of Industrial Technology; Nihon University; Chiba Japan
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48
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Zhang Y, Nandakumar R, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Snow DD, Hodges L, Li X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Salmonella-lettuce interaction. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:630-7. [PMID: 24512637 PMCID: PMC4265081 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogens can internalize food crops through root and surface uptake and persist inside crop plants. The goal of the study was to elucidate the global modulation of bacteria and plant protein expression after Salmonella internalizes lettuce. A quantitative proteomic approach was used to analyse the protein expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis and lettuce cultivar Green Salad Bowl 24 h after infiltrating S. Infantis into lettuce leaves. Among the 50 differentially expressed proteins identified by comparing internalized S. Infantis against S. Infantis grown in Luria Broth, proteins involved in glycolysis were down-regulated, while one protein involved in ascorbate uptake was up-regulated. Stress response proteins, especially antioxidant proteins, were up-regulated. The modulation in protein expression suggested that internalized S. Infantis might utilize ascorbate as a carbon source and require multiple stress response proteins to cope with stresses encountered in plants. On the other hand, among the 20 differentially expressed lettuce proteins, proteins involved in defense response to bacteria were up-regulated. Moreover, the secreted effector PipB2 of S. Infantis and R proteins of lettuce were induced after bacterial internalization into lettuce leaves, indicating human pathogen S. Infantis triggered the defense mechanisms of lettuce, which normally responds to plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - Daniel D Snow
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Laurie Hodges
- Deptartment of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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49
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Morishima F, Inokuchi Y, Ebata T. Structure and hydrogen-bonding ability of estrogens studied in the gas phase. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13543-55. [PMID: 24131263 DOI: 10.1021/jp407438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The structures of estrogens (estrone(E1), β-estradiol(E2), and estriol(E3)) and their 1:1 hydrogen-bonded (hydrated) clusters with water formed in supersonic jets have been investigated by various laser spectroscopic methods and quantum chemical calculations. In the S1-S0 electronic spectra, all three species exhibit the band origin in the 35,050-35,200 cm(-1) region. By use of ultraviolet-ultraviolet hole-burning (UV-UV HB) spectroscopy, two conformers, four conformers, and eight conformers, arising from different orientation of OH group(s) in the A-ring and D-ring, are identified for estrone, β-estradiol, and estriol, respectively. The infrared-ultraviolet double-resonance (IR-UV DR) spectra in the OH stretching vibration are observed to discriminate different conformers of the D-ring OH for β-estradiol and estriol, and it is suggested that in estriol only the intramolecular hydrogen bonded conformer exists in the jet. For the 1:1 hydrated cluster of estrogens, the S1-S0 electronic transition energies are quite different depending on whether the water molecule is bound to A-ring OH or D-ring OH. It is found that the water molecule prefers to form an H-bond to the A-ring OH for estrone and β-estradiol due to the higher acidity of phenolic OH than that of the alcoholic OH. On the other hand, in estriol the water molecule prefers to be bound to the D-ring OH due to the formation of a stable ring-structure H-bonding network with two OH groups. Thus, the substitution of one hydroxyl group to the D-ring drastically changes the hydrogen-bonding preference of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Morishima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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50
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Liu S, Ying GG, Liu YS, Peng FQ, He LY. Degradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge: comparison to progesterone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10266-10276. [PMID: 23952780 DOI: 10.1021/es304688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestagens in the environment have become a concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Laboratory studies were performed to investigate aerobic biodegradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge in comparison with progesterone, and to identify their degradation products and biotransformation pathways. The degradation of norgestrel followed first order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 12.5 d), while progesterone followed zero order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 4.3 h). Four and eight degradation products were identified for norgestrel and progesterone, respectively. Six norgestrel-degrading bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, Pseudomonas monteilii, Comamonas testosteroni, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, and Chryseobacterium indologenes) and one progesterone-degrading bacterial strain (Comamonas testosteroni) were successfully isolated from the enrichment culture inoculated with aerobic activated sludge. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the biodegradation products and degrading bacteria for norgestrel under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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