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Wang F, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Li J, Zhang X, Dong W. Efficient degradation of haloacetic acids by vacuum ultraviolet-activated peroxymonosulfate: Kinetics, mechanisms and theoretical calculations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135539. [PMID: 39180995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Efficient degradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) is crucial due to their potential risks. This study firstly proposed vacuum ultraviolet - activated peroxymonosulfate (VUV/PMS) to remove HAAs (i.e., monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), monobromoacetic acid (MBAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), etc). VUV/PMS achieved 99.51 % MCAA and 63.29 % TOC removal within 10 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quenching and probe experiments demonstrated that •OH was responsible for MCAA degradation. MCAA degradation followed pathways of dehalogenation (major) and decarboxylation (minor). VUV/PMS showed application potential under various reaction parameters. Broad spectrum of VUV/PMS on various HAAs was further explored. Chlorinated HAAs (Cl-HAAs) were primarily degraded by oxidation reactions, while brominated HAAs (Br-HAAs) by direct VUV photolysis. The density functional theory-based calculations (DFT) revealed that reaction rates of HAAs correlated with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and energy gap (ΔE), indicating that HAAs degradation depends on their chemical structures. The Fukui function (f0 values) and bond length showed vulnerability of the halogen atom in Cl-HAAs and C-Br bond in Br-HAAs. Overall, this study provides an in-depth perspective on the oxidation performance and mechanism of HAAs using VUV/PMS. It not only demonstrates a green and efficient method but also inspires new strategies for HAAs remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenzhen Wanmu Water Services Co., Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shenzhen Wanmu Water Services Co., Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yihua Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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2
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Yu P, Guo Z, Wang J, Guo Y, Wang T, Zhang L. Insight into the photodegradation of methylisothiazolinone and benzoisothiazolinone in aquatic environments. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122301. [PMID: 39173356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) are two widely used non-oxidizing biocides of isothiazolinones. Their production and usage volume have sharply increased since the pandemic of COVID-19, inevitably leading to more release into water environment. However, their photochemical behaviors in water environment are still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated photodegradation properties of MIT and BIT in natural water under simulated sunlight. The results demonstrated that direct photolysis was mainly responsible for their photodegradation which occurred through their excited singlet states rather than triplet states. The quantum yields of MIT and BIT photodegradation were 11 - 13.6 × 10-4 and 2.43 - 5.79 × 10-4, respectively. pH had almost no effect on the photodegradation of MIT, while the photodegradation of BIT was significantly promoted under alkaline condition due to abundance of BIT in its deprotonated form (BIT-N-). Cl-, NO3- and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural water inhibited the photodegradation of both MIT and BIT, with the light screening effect of DOM being the most significantly inhibitory factor. The addition of other isothiazolinones, which possibly coexisted with MIT and BIT in actual condition, slightly inhibited the photodegradation of MIT and BIT. The estimated half-life under natural sunlight at a 30°N latitude was estimated to be approximately 1.1 days. The photodegradation pathways of MIT and BIT are similar, primarily initiated from the ring-opening at the N-S bond, with Frontier electron densities (FED) calculations suggesting the likelihood of oxidation and ·OH addition reactions at the O, N, and S sites. While the photodegradation products exhibited significantly reduced acute toxicity compared to their parent compounds, they nonetheless posed substantial chronic toxicity. These insights are vital for assessing the ecological impacts of MIT and BIT in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- RIKEN-Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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3
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Xu J, Wei J, Zhang J, Xing Z, Wang Z, Qu R. Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Photodegradation of Decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209) in Heterogeneous Systems: Experimental Analysis and Excited-State Theory Calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39088507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can affect the transformation of pollutants through photosensitization, but most current research focuses on hydrophilic pollutants, making it such that less attention is paid to hydrophobic pollutants. In this paper, the effect and action mechanism of coexisting DOM on the photodegradation of decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209) on suspended particles collected from the Yellow River were systematically investigated in a heterogeneous system using DOM standards and model compounds. Through molecular probe experiments, mass spectrometry analysis and theoretical calculations, we found that the excited triplet state of DOM (3DOM*) could excite PCB-209 to undergo dechlorination reaction. Due to the different modes of electron transition, the presence of carbonyl groups decreased the energy of 3DOM*, whereas the electron-donating groups made the energy of 3DOM* higher. DOM containing phenolic hydroxyl groups led to a higher steady-state concentration of •OH, and DOM containing phenyl ketone structures had a stronger ability to produce •O2-. Compared with aqueous •OH, •O2- produced from hydrophobic microregions could react more readily with PCB-209. This study deepens the understanding of the role of different functional groups of DOM in the photosensitized transformation of hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Zhou R, Zhang X. Effects of Tryptophan and Tyrosine on the Transformation of Monophenols in Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Solutions: Enhance the Forward Transformation and Reduce the Reverse Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10108-10115. [PMID: 38813774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) are the primary precursors of protein-like components in dissolved organic matter. Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and are considered the main electron donor in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Our results showed that Trp and Tyr (50 μM) enhanced the transformation of six monophenols (20 μM) with varying numbers of -CH3 and -OCH3 substituent groups by a factor of 1.0-1.8. The enhancement factor increased with the ratio of Trp (Tyr) to monophenols. In four different CDOM solutions (5 mg C/L, pH 8.0), a maximum enhancement factor of 3.2-6.7 was observed at a Trp/monophenol concentration ratio of 50. Conversely, monophenols greatly inhibited the transformation of Trp or Tyr. The enhancement factor decreased as the initial pH increased from 3.0 to 10.0. Additionally, the enhancement factor was not directly proportional to the oxidation potential of monophenol. We propose that the promotion effects are generated through the direct oxidation of monophenols by Trp (Tyr) radicals as well as through the reaction between Trp (Tyr) radicals and the one-electron reductant of CDOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Du R, Wen J, Huang J, Zhang Q, Shi X, Wang B, Deng S, Yu G. Dissolved organic matter isolates obtained by solid phase extraction exhibit higher absorption and lower photo-reactivity: Effect of components. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121604. [PMID: 38640562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Notable differences in photo-physical and chemical properties were found between bulk water and solid phase extraction (SPE) isolates for dissolved organic matter (DOM). The moieties extracted using modified styrene divinylbenzene cartridges, which predominantly consist of conjugated aromatic molecules like humic acids, contribute mainly to light absorption but exhibit lower quantum yields of fluorescence and photo-produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed lignin as the moieties displaying most significant variance in abundance. In Van Krevelen-Spearman plot, we observed molecules positively or negatively correlated with DOM's optical and photochemical properties (including SUVA254, steady-state concentrations of ·OH, 1O2 quantum yield, etc.) were confined to specific regions, which can be delineated using a threshold modified aromaticity index (AImod) of 0.3. Based on the relationships between optical properties and PPRI production, it is suggested that the energy gap between ground state and excited singlet state (△ES1→S0), governing the inner conversion rate, serves as a determinant for apparent quantum yield of PPRIs in DOM, with intra-molecular charge transfer (CT) interactions potentially playing a pivotal role. Regarding DOM's photoreactivity with pollutants, this study has revealed, for the first time, that protein/amino sugars/amino acids could act as antioxidant groups in addition to phenols on the photolysis of sulfadiazine. These findings provide valuable insights into DOM photochemistry and are expected to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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6
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Cheng F, Zhang T, Yang H, Liu Y, Qu J, Zhang YN, Peijnenburg WJGM. Effects of dissolved organic matter and halogen ions on phototransformation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134033. [PMID: 38521033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute to the attenuation and transformation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface natural waters. Nevertheless, effects of DOM and halogen ions on phototransformation of PPCPs remain elusive. This work selected disparate PPCPs as target pollutants to investigate their aquatic phototransformation processes. Results show that PPCPs containing multiple electron-donating groups (-OH, -NH2, -OR, etc.) are more reactive with photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) such as triplet DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and reactive halogen species (RHSs), relative to PPCPs containing electron-withdrawing groups (-NOR, -COOR, -OCR, etc.). The generation of RHSs as a result of the coexistance of DOM and halide ions changed the contribution of PPRIs to the photochemical conversion of PPCPs during their migration from fresh water to seawater. For PPCPs (AMP, SMZ, PN, NOR, CIP, etc) with highly reactive groups toward RHSs, the generation of RHSs facilitated their photolysis in halide ion-rich waters, where Cl- plays a critical role in the photochemical transformation of PPCPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that single electron transfer and H-abstraction are main reaction pathways of RHSs with the PPCPs. These results demonstate the irreplaceable roles of PPRIs and revealing the underlying reaction mechanisms during the phototransformation of PPCPs, which contributes to a better understanding of the environmental behaviors of PPCPs in complex aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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7
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Xue S, Jiang C, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Liu J. Spectroscopic studies of the role of dissolved organic matter in acenaphthene photodegradation in liquid water and ice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123805. [PMID: 38493863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The effect of concentration and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acenaphthene (Ace) photodegradation in liquid water and ice was investigated, and the components in DOM which were involved in Ace photodegradation were identified. The DOM samples included Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Elliott soil humic acid (ESHA), and an effluent organic matter (EfOM) sample. Due to the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) which react with Ace, DOM had promotion effects on Ace photodegradation. However, the promotion effects of DOM were prevailed over by their suppressing effect of DOM including screening light effect, intermediates reducing effect and RS quenching effect, and thus, the photodegradation rates of Ace decreased in the presence of the three DOM with concentrations of 0.5-7.5 mg C/L in liquid water and ice. ESHA had higher light absorption and thus had higher screening light effect on Ace photodegradation in liquid water than SRFA and EfOM. At each DOM concentration, ESHA exhibited higher promotion effect on Ace photodegradation than SRFA and EfOM, in liquid water and ice. The binding of Ace with DOM was indicated by decreases in fluorescence intensity of Ace when coexisted with DOM. However, the binding of Ace to DOM played an unimportant role in suppressing Ace photodegradation. The photodegradation behavior of fluorophores in Ace with DOM present in ice was not similar to that in liquid water. C-O, C═O, carboxyl groups O-H and aliphatic C-H functional groups in DOM were involved in the interaction of DOM with Ace. The presence of Ace seemed to have no influence on the photodegradation behavior of functional groups in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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8
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Guo Z, Wang T, Ichiyanagi H, Ateia M, Chen G, Wang J, Fujii M, En K, Li T, Sohrin R, Yoshimura C. Photo-production of excited triplet-state of dissolved organic matters in inland freshwater and coastal seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121260. [PMID: 38354661 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The excited triplet-state of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) is a major reactive intermediate in sunlit waters. Its quantum yield is important in understanding the fate of organic micropollutants. The degradation efficiency of its chemical probe, 2,4,6-trimeythlphenol (fTMP), is generally used as a proxy of the quantum yield. However, fTMP has been described and modelled only for freshwater systems. Therefore, this study quantified fTMP in inland freshwater and coastal seawater sampled in Japan by conducting steady-state photochemical experiments. Optical properties of water were then used to model fTMP. Results indicated that the inland freshwater DOM originated mainly from terrestrial sources, while the coastal seawater DOM were microbial-dominated. On average, inland freshwater exhibited lower fTMP (61.2 M-1) than coastal seawater (79.7 M-1) and the coastal seawater exhibited significant variations in the proportion of high-energy 3DOM* (> 250 kJ/mol). In addition, E2:E3 (ratio of absorbance at 254 to 365 nm) was positively correlated with fTMP of inland freshwater, coastal seawater, and the overall dataset. Catchment conditions such as forest coverage also influenced the production of 3DOM* and high-energy 3DOM* in inland freshwater. Furthermore, the developed models estimated fTMP based on the optical properties of both freshwater and seawater, providing valuable insights about 3DOM* photochemistry in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tingting Wang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kaichii En
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tiansheng Li
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Rumi Sohrin
- Institute of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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9
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Wang L, Li X, Chen J, Lu J, Chovelon JM, Zhang C, Ji Y. Ketoprofen products induced photosensitization of sulfonamide antibiotics: The cocktail effects of pharmaceutical mixtures on their photodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123458. [PMID: 38290656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Indirect photolysis induced by naturally occurring sensitizers constitutes an important pathway accounting for the transformation and fate of many recalcitrant micropollutants in sunlit surface waters. However, the photochemical transformation of micropollutants by photosensitizing pharmaceuticals has been less investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KTF) and its photoproducts, 3-acetylbenzophenone (AcBP) and 3-ethylbenzophenone (EtBP), could sensitize the photodegradation of coexisting sulfonamide antibiotics, e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX), under artificial 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight irradiation. Key reactive species including triplet excited state and singlet oxygen (1O2) responsible for photosensitization were identified by laser flash photolysis (LFP) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, respectively. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and structure-related reactivity analyses revealed that the sensitized photolysis of SMX occurred mainly through single electron transfer. The rate constants of sulfonamides sensitized by AcBP photolysis followed the order of sulfisoxazole (SIX)>sulfathiazole (STZ)>SMX>sulfamethizole (SMT). Exposure to sunlight also enhanced the photolysis of SMX in the presence of KTF or AcBP, and water matrix had limited impact on such process. Overall, our results reveal the feasibility and mechanistic aspects of photosensitization of coexisting contaminants by pharmaceuticals (or their photoproducts) and provide new insights into the cocktail effects of pharmaceutical mixtures on their photochemical behaviors in aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoci Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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10
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Asghar A, Lipfert D, Kerpen K, Schmidt TC. Elucidating the inhibitory effects of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of organic micropollutants: Atrazine as a probe compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141390. [PMID: 38325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of heterogeneous compounds with varying functional groups and molecular sizes. Understanding the impact of NOM on the generation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) and their potential inhibitory effects on photolysis has remained challenging due to the variations in the reactivities and concentrations of these functional groups. To address this gap, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), and tryptophan (Trp), were chosen as potential substitutes for NOM. Their effects on the photochemical transformation process were evaluated and compared with the widely used Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM). Atrazine (ATZ) was selected as a probe organic micropollutant (OMP). In this investigation, a significantly higher concentration of HO• was observed compared to O21, and the triplet excited state ( NOM*3). The findings suggest that the substituted phenols, particularly those with carboxylate-substitutions, played a substantial role in HO• formation, while electron-rich moieties acted as antioxidants, consuming NOM*3. Hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amino acid were the active groups for O21 formation. However, the inhibitory effects induced by the NOM surrogates were significant and mainly attributed to the direct photolysis inhibition caused by the inner filter effect. The scope of this work was further extended to include SRNOM, where similar trends with less pronounced formation of PPRIs and inner filter effects were observed. Therefore, this study sheds some light on the role of the functional groups in NOM during photochemical transformations of OMPs, thereby deepening our understanding of their fate in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Asghar
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lipfert
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kerpen
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Van Frost SR, White AM, Jauquet JM, Magness AM, McMahon KD, Remucal CK. Laboratory measurements underestimate persistence of the aquatic herbicide fluridone in lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:368-379. [PMID: 38189445 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Fluridone is an aquatic herbicide commonly used to treat invasive freshwater plant species such as Eurasian watermilfoil, hydrilla, and curly-leaf pondweed. However, required exposures times are very long and often exceed 100 days. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that determine the fate of fluridone in lakes is critical for supporting effective herbicide treatments and minimizing impacts to non-target species. We use a combination of laboratory and field studies to quantify fluridone photodegradation, as well as sorption and microbial degradation in water and sediment microcosms. Laboratory irradiation studies demonstrate that fluridone is susceptible to direct photodegradation with negligible indirect photodegradation, with predicted half-lives in sunlight ranging from 2.3 days (1 cm path length) to 118 days (integrated over 1 meter). Biodegradation is attributable to microbes in sediment with an observed half-life of 57 days. Lastly, fluridone sorbs to sediments (Koc = 340 ± 28 L kg-1); sorption accounts for 16% of fluridone loss in the microcosm experiments. While the laboratory results indicate that all three loss pathways can influence fluridone fate, these controlled studies oversimplify herbicide behavior due to their inability to replicate field conditions. Fluridone concentration measurements in a lake following commercial application demonstrate a half-life of >150 days, indicating that the herbicide is very persistent in water. This study illustrates why caution should be used when relying on laboratory studies to predict the fate of pesticides and other polar organic compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney R Van Frost
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 660 N. Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Amber M White
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Josie M Jauquet
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 660 N. Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Angela M Magness
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 660 N. Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 660 N. Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Gu X, Chen B, Liu H, Feng Y, Wang B, He S, Feng M, Pan G, Han S. Photochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter derived from Alternanthera philoxeroides hydrochar: Insights from molecular transformation and photochemically reactive intermediates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132591. [PMID: 37778307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM) enters aquatic ecosystems through soil leaching and surface runoff following the application of hydrochar. However, the photochemical behavior of HDOM remains unclear. The photo-transformation of HDOM was analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), multiple spectroscopy methods, high-performance liquid chromatography, and combining synchronous fluorescence and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The results showed that with the increase of carbonization temperature, amide II in protein-like substances were observed to be preferentially photolyzed, and the protein-like substances were more sensitive to low irradiation time, while the duration time of the photochemical behavior of amide II and aliphatic C-H were more persistent. FT-ICR MS results showed that N and S-containing molecules, including lignins and lipids were more sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, the photo-transformation of HDOMs was accompanied by the generation of triple excited state dissolved organic matter and singlet oxygen. Our findings will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of photo-transformation of HDOM and for predicting the possible behaviors of hydrochar produced at different temperatures before large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincai Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingfa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiying He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guojun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shiqun Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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13
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Liu J, Xue S, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Lin Y. Effect of dissolved organic matter on sulfachloropyridazine photolysis in liquid water and ice. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120714. [PMID: 37837902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ubiquitous component of environmental snow and ice, which can absorb light and produce reactive species (RS) and thus is of importance in ice photochemistry. The photodegradation of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) without and with DOM present in liquid water and ice were investigated in this study. The photodegradation rate constants for SCP without DOM present was enhanced by 52.5 % in ice relative to liquid water, likely due to the enhanced role of SCP self-sensitized RS in ice. DOM significantly promoted SCP photolysis in both liquid water and ice, which was mainly attributed to roles of singlet oxygen (1O2) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) generated from DOM. 1O2 production from DOM was significantly enhanced in ice relative to liquid water. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) production from DOM in ice was similar to those in liquid water. Enhancement in 3DOM* production in ice was observed at low DOM concentrations. Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) and Elliott Soil Humic Acid (ESHA) exhibited differences in RS production in liquid water and ice, as well as in enhancement of 1O2 and 3DOM* produced in ice relative to liquid water. DOM induced reaction pathways of SCP different from those without DOM present, and therefore affected toxicity of SCP photoproducts. There were differences in photodegradation pathways of SCP as well as in toxicity of SCP photoproducts between liquid water and ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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14
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Zhou R, Liu J, Zhou C, Zhang X. Phototransformation of Lignin-related Compounds in Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120586. [PMID: 37717330 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major terrestrial source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and studying the phototransformation of lignin monomers and their related compounds can enhance our understanding of CDOM intramolecular interactions. Coniferyl aldehyde (Coni) and sinapaldehyde (Sina) form ground-state complexes with CDOM, with equilibrium constants of 7,800 (± 1,800) and 20,000 (± 2,000) M-1, respectively. In comparison, vanillin (Van) exhibits minimal affinity for CDOM complexation. The bimolecular reaction rate constants between singlet oxygen (1O2) and these phenolic carbonyl compounds ranged from 0.46 (± 0.02) to 1.8 (± 0.1) × 107 M-1s-1, which is approximately one order of magnitude lower than their reaction rate constants (0.51 (± 0.02)-1.25 (± 0.02) × 108 M-1s-1) with the triplet excited state of CDOM (3CDOM*). In acidic CDOM solutions (pH 5.0), 1O2, H2O2, and organic peroxyl radicals had negligible impact on the transformation. Comparing the initial transformation rate in the presence and in the absence of NaN3 or furfuryl alcohol led to an overestimation of the contribution of 1O2 to the transformation of Van, Coni, or Sina. 3CDOM* scavengers could not fully inhibit the transformation of Coni or Sina. The remaining transformation is considered to arise from either the unquenched intra-CDOM phase 3CDOM* or a fraction of Coni⊂CDOM or Sina⊂CDOM complex, which underwent intramolecular photoinduced chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China.
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15
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Li Y, Hou J, Miao L, Wu J, Xing B. Influence of humate on the degradation of chloramphenicol by sulfidated ferrihydrite under dynamic anoxic/oxic environments: A combined DFT calculation and experimental study. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120471. [PMID: 37597445 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation of ferrihydrite is known to affect the degradation of contaminants, but little was known about the role of natural organic matter (NOM) in antibiotics degradation by sufidated ferrihydrite under redox-dynamic conditions. Here, a typical antibiotic (i.e., chloramphenicol (CAP)) was chosen to investigate how it redistributed when ferrihydrite reacted with reductive dissolved sulfide (S(-II)dis) in the presence of humate (HA) under dynamic anoxic/oxic environments. In anoxic environments, HA enhanced CAP reduction via dichlorination or decarboxylation by sufidated ferrihydrite in the low concentration of S(-II), while HA inhibited CAP reduction in the high concentration of S(-II) by the contribution of S(-II) and surface-bound Fe(II) (Fe(II)adsorbed). When the conditions transited from anoxic to oxic, remaining CAP molecules in solutions continued undergoing oxidative degradation to form the succinic acid, hexanedioic acid, CO2, and H2O by the attack of ·OH. Meantime, HA was adsorbed to ferrihydrite to block autocatalytic Fe(II) oxidation, which inhibited the generation of ·OH under oxic conditions. Additionally, from the density function theory (DFT) calculation and intermediate products analysis obtained from HPLC-MS/MS, two oxidative degradation pathways of CAP during the oxidation of sulfidated ferrihydrite have been proposed. Collectively, the framework elucidated different roles of HA in CAP elimination and environmental behavior of ferrihydrite when exposed to the S(-II) under the dynamic redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
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16
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Yu P, Guo Z, Wang T, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang L. Insights into the mechanisms of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of indomethacin under natural sunlight and simulated light irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120539. [PMID: 37659181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Indomethacin (INDO) is an antipyretic and analgesic pharmaceutical that has been widely detected in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation is an essential pathway for removal of INDO in sunlit surface water, however the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on its photodegradation and the ecotoxicity of photodegradation products are largely unknown. In this study, the effect of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO under both natural and simulated light irradiation was studied. The results showed that indirect photolysis is the main photodegradation pathway of INDO in presence of DOM where 3DOM* plays the most important promoting role. Compared to commercial DOM (SRNOM and SRFA), DOM extracted from local-lake water (SLDOM) promoted the photodegradation to the highest extent. Although the steady-state concentrations of 3DOM* of SRNOM and SRFA were higher than SLDOM, their inhibition effect surpassed SLDOM namely higher light screening effect and phenolic antioxidant concentrations. The photodegradation pathway in pure water is different from that in DOM system where the decarboxylation of acetic acid chain and the oxidative fracture of indole ring are the main degradation pathways. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation further supports the proposed degradation pathways of INDO. ECOSAR calculation showed that the toxicity of INDO photodegradation products to aquatic organisms may maintain or even exceed its parent compound. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the impact of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO is of crucial significance for evaluating its ecological risk in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tingting Wang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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17
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O'Connor LE, Robison P, Quesada G, Kerrigan JF, O'Halloran RC, Guerard JJ, Chin YP. Chlorpyrifos fate in the Arctic: Importance of analyte structure in interactions with Arctic dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120154. [PMID: 37327545 PMCID: PMC10527095 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide and current use pesticide chlorpyrifos (CLP) is transported via global distillation to the Arctic where it may pose a threat to this ecosystem. CLP is readily detected in Arctic environmental compartments, but current research has not studied its partitioning between water and dissolved organic matter (DOM) nor the role of photochemistry in CLP's fate in aquatic systems. Here, the partition coefficients of CLP were quantified with various types of DOM isolated from the Arctic and an International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) reference material Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM). While CLP readily partitions to DOM, CLP exhibits a significantly higher binding constant with Arctic lacustrine DOM relative to fluvial DOM or SRNOM. The experimental partitioning coefficients (KDOC) were compared to a calculated value estimated using poly parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) and was found to be in good agreement with SRNOM, but none of the Arctic DOMs. We found that Arctic KDOC values decrease with increasing SUVA254, but no correlations were observed for the other DOM compositional parameters. DOM also mediates the photodegradation of CLP, with stark differences in photo-kinetics using Arctic DOM isolated over time and space. This work highlights the chemo-diversity of Arctic DOM relative to IHSS reference materials and highlights the need for in-depth characterization of DOM that transcends the current paradigm based upon terrestrial and microbial precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Pippin Robison
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Ginna Quesada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Jill F Kerrigan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robyn C O'Halloran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jennifer J Guerard
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA.
| | - Yu-Ping Chin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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18
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Wei B, Li L, Xie X, Qi K, Wang Y, Wang Z. Effect of adsorption on ferrihydrite on the photoreactivity of dissolved black carbon for photodegradation of sulfadiazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139359. [PMID: 37379979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The selective adsorption of dissolved black carbon (DBC) on inorganic minerals is a widespread geochemical process in the natural environment, which could change the chemical and optical properties of DBC. However, it remains unclear how selective adsorption affects the photoreactivity of DBC for photodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper was the first to investigate the effect of DBC adsorption on ferrihydrite at different Fe/C molar ratios (Fe/C molar ratios of 0, 7.50 and 11.25, and marked as DBC0, DBC7.50 and DBC11.25) on the photoproduction of reactive intermediates generated from DBC and their interaction with sulfadiazine (SD). Results showed that UV absorbance, aromaticity, molecular weight and contents of phenolic antioxidants of DBC were significantly decreased after adsorption on ferrihydrite, and higher decrease was observed at higher Fe/C ratio. Photodegradation kinetics experiments showed that observed photodegradation rate constant of SD (kobs) increased from 3.99 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC0 to 5.69 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC7.50 while decreased to 3.44 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC11.25, in which 3DBC* played important roles and 1O2 played a minor role, while ·OH was not involved in the reaction. Meanwhile, the second-order reaction rate constant between 3DBC* and SD (kSD, 3DBC*) increased from 0.84 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC0 to 2.53 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC7.50 while decreased to 0.90 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC11.25. The above results might be mainly attributed to the fact that the decrease of phenolic antioxidants in DBC weakened the back-reduction of 3DBC* and reactive intermediates of SD as the Fe/C ratio increased, while the decrease of quinones and ketones reduced the photoproduction of 3DBC*. The research revealed adsorption on ferrihydrite affected the photodegradation of SD by changing the reactivity of 3DBC*, which was helpful to understand the dynamic roles of DBC in the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Kemin Qi
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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19
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Du R, Zhang Q, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models for the reaction rate coefficients between dissolved organic matter and PPCPs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131845. [PMID: 37354719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
To predict PPCPs' photolysis rate in natural aquatic environment, it is essential to grasp the reaction rates between DOM and PPCPs, yet there are few measured data and no prediction models for this important photochemical parameter. To address this, a reaction rate coefficient (αDOM) was defined to describe the apparent rate of DOM-involved photoreaction for PPCPs. The measured αDOM values for 40 PPCPs in 9 DOM samples varied dramatically, ranging from (-2.1 ± 0.1)× 1010 to (2.2 ± 0.1)× 1011 M-1 s-1. Then the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed using chemical and water quality descriptors via the random forest method. We initially separated positive and negative values by a classifier with an AUC value of 0.965, followed by the construction of regression models for positive and negative values, respectively, using a regressor. Positive models achieved satisfactory goodness-of-fit and predictive ability (R2adj=0.92 and Q2ext=0.86), while negative models demonstrated acceptable performance (R2adj=0.71 and Q2ext=0.70). Finally, a comprehensive photolysis model that incorporates the QSAR models for αDOM was established and the significance of water quality parameters was emphasized through sensitive analysis. This model enables more elaborate predictions of PPCPs' photolysis rates in various water samples, providing valuable assistance for forecasting PPCPs' environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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20
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Chen H, Xiao L, Jiang L, Wang X, Tang Y. Autochthonous DOM had solar disinfection effect but nitrate counteracted with them. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131027. [PMID: 36889074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens in natural water can pose great threat to public health and challenge water quality. In sunlit surface water, dissolved organic matters (DOMs) can inactivate pathogens due to their photochemical activity. However, the photoreactivity of autochthonous DOM derived from different source and their interaction with nitrate on photo-inactivation remained limited understood. In this study, the composition and photoreactivity of DOM extracted from Microcystis (ADOM), submerged aquatic plant (PDOM) and river water (RDOM) were studied. Results revealed that lignin and tannin-like polyphenols and polymeric aromatic compounds negatively correlated with quantum yield of 3DOM*, whilst lignin like molecules positively correlated with •OH generation. ADOM had highest photoinactivation efficiency of E. coli, followed by RDOM and PDOM. Both the photogenerated •OH and low energy 3DOM* could inactivate bacteria damaging cell membrane and causing increase of intracellular reactive species. PDOM with more phenolic or polyphenols compounds not only weaken its photoreactivity, also increase regrowth potential of bacteria after photodisinfection. The presence of nitrate counteracted with autochthonous DOMs on photogeneration of •OH and photodisinfection activity, as well as increased the reactivation rate of PDOM and ADOM, which might be attributed to the increase of survival bacteria and more bioavailable fractions provided in systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Chen
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Ecology and Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, 109, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Tang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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21
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Carena L, García-Gil Á, Marugán J, Vione D. Global modeling of lake-water indirect photochemistry based on the equivalent monochromatic wavelength approximation: The case of the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 241:120153. [PMID: 37290193 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays key role as photosensitizer in sunlit surface-water environments, and it is deeply involved in the photodegradation of contaminants. It has recently been shown that sunlight absorption by CDOM can be conveniently approximated based on its monochromatic absorption at 560 nm. Here we show that such an approximation allows for the assessment of CDOM photoreactions on a wide global scale and, particularly, in the latitude belt between 60°S and 60°N. Global lake databases are currently incomplete as far as water chemistry is concerned, but estimates of the content of organic matter are available. With such data it is possible to assess global steady-state concentrations of CDOM triplet states (3CDOM*), which are predicted to reach particularly high values at Nordic latitudes during summer, due to a combination of high sunlight irradiance and elevated content of organic matter. For the first time to our knowledge, we are able to model an indirect photochemistry process in inland waters around the globe. Implications are discussed for the phototransformation of a contaminant that is mainly degraded by reaction with 3CDOM* (clofibric acid, lipid regulator metabolite), and for the formation of known products on a wide geographic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ángela García-Gil
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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22
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Chen X, Wang J, Wu H, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Guo H. Trade-off effect of dissolved organic matter on degradation and transformation of micropollutants: A review in water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:130996. [PMID: 36867904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of micropollutants by various treatments is commonly affected by the ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water environment. To optimize the operating conditions and decomposition efficiency, it is necessary to consider the impacts of DOM. DOM exhibits varied behaviors in diverse treatments, including permanganate oxidation, solar/ultraviolet photolysis, advanced oxidation processes, advanced reduction process, and enzyme biological treatments. Besides, the different sources (i.e., terrestrial and aquatic, etc) of DOM, and operational circumstances (i.e., concentration and pH) fluctuate different transformation efficiency of micropollutants in water. However, so far, systematic explanations and summaries of relevant research and mechanism are rare. This paper reviewed the "trade-off" performances and the corresponding mechanisms of DOM in the elimination of micropollutants, and summarized the similarities and differences for the dual roles of DOM in each of the aforementioned treatments. Inhibition mechanisms typically include radical scavenging, UV attenuation, competition effect, enzyme inactivation, reaction between DOM and micropollutants, and intermediates reduction. Facilitation mechanisms include the generation of reactive species, complexation/stabilization, cross-coupling with pollutants, and electron shuttle. Moreover, electron-drawing groups (i.e., quinones, ketones functional groups) and electron-supplying groups (i.e., phenols) in the DOM are the main contributors to its trade-off effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Han Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China.
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23
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Ma L, Worland R, Tran T, Anastasio C. Evaluation of Probes to Measure Oxidizing Organic Triplet Excited States in Aerosol Liquid Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6052-6062. [PMID: 37011016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidizing triplet excited states of organic matter (3C*) drive numerous reactions in fog/cloud drops and aerosol liquid water (ALW). Quantifying oxidizing triplet concentrations in ALW is difficult because 3C* probe loss can be inhibited by the high levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and copper in particle water, leading to an underestimate of triplet concentrations. In addition, illuminated ALW contains high concentrations of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*), which can interfere with 3C* probes. Our overarching goal is to find a triplet probe that has low inhibition by DOM and Cu(II) and low sensitivity to 1O2*. To this end, we tested 12 potential probes from a variety of compound classes. Some probes are strongly inhibited by DOM, while others react rapidly with 1O2*. One of the probe candidates, (phenylthiol)acetic acid (PTA), seems well suited for ALW conditions, with mild inhibition and fast rate constants with triplets, but it also has weaknesses, including a pH-dependent reactivity. We evaluated the performance of both PTA and syringol (SYR) as triplet probes in aqueous extracts of particulate matter. While PTA is less sensitive to inhibition than SYR, it results in lower triplet concentrations, possibly because it is less reactive with weakly oxidizing triplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Reed Worland
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Theo Tran
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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Du R, Zhang Q, Leresche F, Zhong M, Chen P, Huang J, Deng S, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Yu G. The determination and prediction of the apparent reaction rates between excited triplet-state DOM and selected PPCPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163117. [PMID: 37044337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine and predict the reaction rate between 3DOM* and PPCPs in various water bodies, this study defines a reaction rate coefficient ( [Formula: see text] ) to describe the reaction between 3DOM* and PPCPs. As the values also included the inhibition effect of DOM's antioxidant moieties, the calculation of [Formula: see text] is inconsistent with that of a bimolecular rate constant via the steady-state kinetic method. The [Formula: see text] values of 12 selected PPCPs were determined in two DOM solutions and ten DOM-containing water samples collected from typical surface water bodies in Beijing. The Pearson coefficients between nine predictors including the absorbance ratio (E2/E3), specific absorption coefficient at 254 nm (SUVA254), fluorescence index (FI), biological index (BIX), humification index (HIX), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total fluorescence intensity (TFI) and TOC normalized TFI (TFI/TOC) and [Formula: see text] were examined. Correlation patterns for sulfonamides, β-blockers and diclofenac supported the electron transfer pathway, and was distinctly different from those appeared for FQs where quenching effect played a main part. TFI and TFI/TOC were recognized as the most useful surrogates in empirically predicting [Formula: see text] . For PPCPs that went through the electron transfer pathway, [Formula: see text] could be well fit to the Rehm-Weller model assuming a proportional relationship between TFI and △Get. For FQs, [Formula: see text] was found to linearly correlated with TFI/TOC. The [Formula: see text] values determined in this study enrich the database of PPCPs photolysis parameters, and the correlation analysis provides reference for forecasting PPCPs fate in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Mengmeng Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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25
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Yang C, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Li Y, Li H. Impacts of properties of dissolved organic matters on indirect photodegradation of genistein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161448. [PMID: 36623661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excited triplet states of dissolved organic matters (3DOM*) are one of the most important photochemically-produced reactive intermediates leading to transformation of organic contaminants. However, relationships of photodegradation kinetics of different dissociation states of phenolic organic contaminants with chemical components or properties of 3DOM* are largely unknown. In this study, roles of 3DOM* in photodegradation of polyhydroxy phenolic genistein (Gs) at pH 5, 8 and 12 were investigated taking five kinds of DOM from different sources as examples. Relationships between photodegradation kinetics constants and DOM properties were built. Results showed that the contributions of direct 3DOM*-induced reactions to the total indirect photodegradation of Gs and second-order reaction rate constants (kDOM,Gs) of Gs with 3DOM* increased with pH increases. This was mainly attributed to decreases in vertical ionization energy of Gs at higher pH, endowing Gs with stronger electron donating capacities. kDOM,Gs was found to positively correlate with the specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, reflecting aromaticity of DOM, and negatively correlate with the absorbance ratio at 254 and 365 nm and contents of dissociated acidic functional groups of DOM, representing molecular weights of DOM, antioxidants and the repulsive forces between 3DOM* and Gs. This study provided a new insight into relationship between DOM properties and indirect photodegradation kinetics of phenolic contaminants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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26
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Schroer HW, Londono E, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Arnold W, Just CL. Photolysis of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one: Mechanisms and Products. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:783-792. [PMID: 36936519 PMCID: PMC10012174 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insensitive munitions formulations that include 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are replacing traditional explosive compounds. While these new formulations have superior safety characteristics, the compounds have greater environmental mobility, raising concern over potential contamination and cleanup of training and manufacturing facilities. Here, we examine the mechanisms and products of NTO photolysis in simulated sunlight to further inform NTO degradation in sunlit surface waters. We demonstrate that NTO produces singlet oxygen and that dissolved oxygen increases the NTO photolysis rate in deionized water. The rate of NTO photolysis is independent of concentration and decreases slightly in the presence of Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter. The apparent quantum yield of NTO generally decreases as pH increases, ranging from 2.0 × 10-5 at pH 12 to 1.3 × 10-3 at pH 2. Bimolecular reaction rate constants for NTO with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical were measured to be (1.95 ± 0.15) × 106 and (3.28 ± 0.23) × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively. Major photolysis reaction products were ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate, with nitrite produced in nearly stoichiometric yield upon the reaction of NTO with singlet oxygen. Environmental half-lives are predicted to span from 1.1 to 5.7 days. Taken together, these data enhance our understanding of NTO photolysis under environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter W. Schroer
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Esteban Londono
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Xueshu Li
- Occupational
& Environmental Health, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52246, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Occupational
& Environmental Health, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52246, United States
| | - William Arnold
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Craig L. Just
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
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27
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Guo Z, Kodikara D, Albi LS, Hatano Y, Chen G, Yoshimura C, Wang J. Photodegradation of organic micropollutants in aquatic environment: Importance, factors and processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:118236. [PMID: 36682233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions widely occur in the aquatic environment and play fundamental roles in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, solar-induced photodegradation is efficient for many organic micropollutants (OMPs), especially those that cannot undergo hydrolysis or biodegradation, and thus can mitigate chemical pollution. Recent reports indicate that photodegradation may play a more important role than biodegradation in many OMP transformations in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation can be influenced by the water matrix such as pH, inorganic ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effect of the water matrix such as DOM on photodegradation is complex, and new insights concerning the disparate effects of DOM have recently been reported. In addition, the photodegradation process is also influenced by physical factors such as latitude, water depth, and temporal variations in sunlight as these factors determine the light conditions. However, it remains challenging to gain an overview of the importance of photodegradation in the aquatic environment because the reactions involved are diverse and complex. Therefore, this review provides a concise summary of the importance of photodegradation and the major processes related to the photodegradation of OMPs, with particular attention given to recent progress on the major reactions of DOM. In addition, major knowledge gaps in this field of environmental photochemistry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Luthfia Shofi Albi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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28
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Cui S, Qi Y, Zhu Q, Wang C, Sun H. A review of the influence of soil minerals and organic matter on the migration and transformation of sulfonamides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160584. [PMID: 36455724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are common antibiotics that are widely present in the environment and can easily migrate in the environment, so they pose an environmental risk. Minerals and organic matter influence the antibiotic migration and transformation in sewage treatment plants, activated sludge, surface water, and soil environment. In the present paper, the influence of the process and mechanism of minerals and organic matter on the adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake of SAs in soil were summarized. In the impact process of mineral and organic matter on the SAs migration and transformation, the pH value is undoubtedly the most important factor because it determines the ionic state of SAs. In terms of influence mechanisms, the minerals absorb SAs well via cation exchange, complexation, H-bonding, and cation bridging. Mineral photodegradation is also one of the primary removal methods for SAs. Soil organic matter (SOM) can significantly increase the SAs adsorption. The adsorption forces of SAs and SOM or dissolved organic matter (DOM) were very similar, but SOM decreased SAs mobility in the environment, while DOM increased SAs availability. DOM generated active substances and aided in the photodegradation of SAs. This review describes the effects of minerals and organic matter on the fate of SAs in soil, which is useful in controlling the migration and transformation of SAs in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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29
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Li M, Duan P, Huo Y, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Jin Z, Mei Q, Xie J, He M. The multiple roles of phenols in the degradation of aniline contaminants by sulfate radicals: A combined study of DFT calculations and experiments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130216. [PMID: 36334575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent research revealed inhibition or enhancement of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOC) in natural and engineered water systems. Phenols containing acetyl, carboxyl, formyl, hydroxy, and methoxy groups were selected as the model DOM to quantitatively study their roles in the degradation of simple anilines, sulfonamide antibiotics, phenylurea pesticides by sulfate radicals (SO4•-). Experimental results found that p-methoxyphenol inhibited aniline and sulfamethoxazole degradation by thermally activated peroxydisulfate (TAP), while p-acetylphenol slightly promoted aniline degradation. Quantum chemical calculations were applied to study the microscopic mechanism and kinetics of phenols affecting the degradation of aniline pollutants (AN) in three ways: competitively reacting with SO4•-, repairing aniline cationic radicals (AN•+) and phenylaminyl radicals (AN(-H)•), and generating phenoxy radicals to degrade anilines. Generally, the degradation of sulfonamides and phenylureas prefer to be inhibited by hydroxy- and methoxy-phenols with low oxidation potential (Eox), due to their diffusion-limiting reaction with SO4•- and rapid back-reduction AN•+ with the calculated rate constants of (0.02 - 6.38) × 109 M-1 s-1. Phenols repairing AN(-H)• through H abstraction reaction is speculated to possibly dominate the joint degradation of phenols and anilines by TAP, which has a poor correlation with Eox. This study provides mechanistic insight into the chemical behavior of complex and heterogeneous DOM in complex aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pijun Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanru Huo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinchan Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhehui Jin
- School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Qiong Mei
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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30
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Cheng S, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Lei Y, Zhou Y, Li C, Zhang X, Yang X. Quantification of the diverse inhibitory effects of dissolved organic matter on transformation of micropollutants in UV/persulfate treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118967. [PMID: 35973248 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM), ubiquitous in natural waters, is known to inhibit the degradation of micropollutants in the advanced oxidation processes such as the UV/peroxydisulfate process. However, the quantitative understanding of the inhibitory pathways is missing. In this study, guanosine, aniline and catechol belonging to amines, purines and phenols were first investigated due to their resistance to UV irradiation at 254 nm and similar reactivity with SO4•- and HO•, respectively. The presence of 0.5 mgC L-1 Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) inhibited their degradation rates by 72.9%, 54.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, despite their similar degradation rates in the absence of SRNOM. The results highlight the importance of reverse reduction of oxidation intermediates to the parent compound by antioxidant moieties in SRNOM besides the inner filtering and radical scavenging effects. The three inhibitory pathways were quantified for 34 common micropollutants. In the presence of 0.5 mgC L-1 SRNOM, inner filtering effect was found to contribute less than 2.8% of the inhibitory percentages (IP). Radical scavenging effects contribute between 10.7% and 38.9% and compounds having lower reactivity with SO4•- (< 4.0 × 109 M-1 s-1) tended to be inhibited more strongly. The IP of reverse reduction effects of SRNOM varied significantly from none up to 70.8%. It was linearly related with a micropollutant's reduction potential. Purines and amines generally exhibited more pronounced reverse reduction inhibition than phenols. The results of this study provide guidance on improving the elimination efficiency of micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuanhao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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31
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Carena L, Scozzaro A, Romagnoli M, Pazzi M, Martone L, Minero C, Minella M, Vione D. Phototransformation of the fungicide tebuconazole, and its predicted fate in sunlit surface freshwaters. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134895. [PMID: 35568219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide tebuconazole (TBCZ) is expected to undergo negligible direct photolysis in surface freshwaters, but it can be degraded by indirect photochemistry. TBCZ mainly reacts with hydroxyl radicals and, to a lesser extent, with the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*). Indirect photochemistry is strongly affected by environmental conditions, and TBCZ lifetimes of about one week are expected in sunlit surface waters under favourable circumstances (shallow waters with low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, DOC, during summer). In these cases, the time trend would follow pseudo-first order kinetics (mono-exponential decay). Under less favourable conditions, photoinduced degradation would span over a few or several months, and TBCZ phototransformation would depart from an exponential trend because of seasonally changing sunlight irradiance. The TBCZ phototransformation products should be less toxic than their parent compound,thus photodegradation has potential to decrease the environmental impact of TBCZ. Hydroxylation is a major TBCZ transformation route, due to either OH attack, or one-electron oxidation sensitised by 3CDOM*, followed by reaction of the oxidised transient with oxygen and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Pazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Martone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Minero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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32
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Yang X, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Lei Y, Pan Y, Lei X, Westerhoff P. Multiple Roles of Dissolved Organic Matter in Advanced Oxidation Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11111-11131. [PMID: 35797184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can degrade a wide range of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) to improve the quality of potable water or discharged wastewater effluents. Their effectiveness is impacted, however, by the dissolved organic matter (DOM) that is ubiquitous in all water sources. During the application of an AOP, DOM can scavenge radicals and/or block light penetration, therefore impacting their effectiveness toward contaminant transformation. The multiple ways in which different types or sources of DOM can impact oxidative water purification processes are critically reviewed. DOM can inhibit the degradation of TrOCs, but it can also enhance the formation and reactivity of useful radicals for contaminants elimination and alter the transformation pathways of contaminants. An in-depth analysis highlights the inhibitory effect of DOM on the degradation efficiency of TrOCs based on DOM's structure and optical properties and its reactivity toward oxidants as well as the synergistic contribution of DOM to the transformation of TrOCs from the analysis of DOM's redox properties and DOM's transient intermediates. AOPs can alter DOM structure properties as well as and influence types, mechanisms, and extent of oxidation byproducts formation. Research needs are proposed to advance practical understanding of how DOM can be exploited to improve oxidative water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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Li Z, Dong D, Zhang L, Li Y, Guo Z. Effect of fulvic acid concentration levels on the cleavage of piperazinyl and defluorination of ciprofloxacin photodegradation in ice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119499. [PMID: 35597482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ice is an important physical and chemical sink for various pollutants in cold regions. The photodegradation of emerging fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic contaminants with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in ice remains poorly understood. Here, the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and fulvic acid (FA) in different proportions as representative FQ and DOM in ice were investigated. Results suggested that the photodegradation rate constant of CIP in ice was 1.9 times higher than that in water. When CFA/CCIP ≤ 60, promotion was caused by FA sensitization. FA increased the formation rate of cleavage in the piperazine ring and defluorination products. When 60 < CFA/CCIP < 650, the effect of FA on CIP changed from promoting to inhibiting. When 650 ≤ CFA/CCIP ≤ 2600, inhibition was caused by both quenching effects of 143.9%-51.3% and light screening effects of 0%-48.7%. FA inhibited cleavage in the piperazine ring for CIP by the scavenging reaction intermediate of aniline radical cation in ice. When CFA/CCIP > 2600, the light screening effect was greater than the quenching effect. This work provides new insights into how DOM affects the FQ photodegradation with different concentration proportions, which is beneficial for understanding the environmental behaviors of fluorinated pharmaceuticals in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Guo Y, Guo Z, Zhang L, Yoshimura C, Ye Z, Yu P, Qian Y, Hatano Y, Wang J, Niu J. Photodegradation of propranolol in surface waters: An important role of carbonate radical and enhancing toxicity phenomenon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134106. [PMID: 35227754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antihypertensive propranolol (PRO) is frequently detected in surface waters and has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, its photochemical fate in surface water with the aspect of kinetics, products and toxicity were investigated employing steady-state photochemistry experiments and ecotoxicity tests. The results showed that photodegradation of PRO was enhanced in river water than that in phosphate buffer where dissolved organic matter (DOM), NO3-, and HCO3- played important roles. DOM accelerated the photodegradation mainly through generation of excited triplet-state DOM while NO3- played dual roles in the photodegradation. The reaction between excited triplet-state PRO and HCO3- can generate carbonate radical (CO3·-) to promote the photodegradation. The second-order reaction rate constant between PRO and CO3·- was determined to be (3.4 ± 0.8) × 108 M-1 s-1. Eight photodegradation products were identified in the studied river water sample. Finally, the toxicity evaluated by Vibrio fischeri increased after photodegradation and three photodegradation products were responsible for the increasing toxicity, which was concluded from the significant correlation between toxicity parameters and quantity of the photodegradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Zimi Ye
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yuta Hatano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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35
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Sardana A, Weaver L, Aziz TN. Effects of dissolved organic matter characteristics on the photosensitized degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:805-824. [PMID: 35481471 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment wetlands are aquatic systems where diverse dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions physically interact. Complex photochemical behaviors ensue, leading to uncertainties in the prediction of indirect photodegradation rates for organic contaminants. Here, we evaluate the photosensitization ability of whole water DOM samples from a treatment wetland and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North Carolina to photodegrade target pharmaceuticals. Optical characterization using ultraviolet-visible and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy shows that wetland DOM has higher aromaticity than WWTP DOM and that WWTP secondary treatment processes increase aromaticity, overall molecular weight, and humic character of wastewater DOM. Our application of a reversed-phase HPLC method to assess DOM polarity distinctly reveals that a subset of the wetland samples possesses an abundance of hydrophobic DOM moieties. Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) mediate the majority (>50%) of the indirect photodegradation for amoxicillin (AMX), atenolol (ATL), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), while singlet oxygen (1O2) is presumed to be solely responsible for the photodegradation of cimetidine (CME). Our findings suggest that hydrophobic interactions and improved accessibility to photogenerated reactive intermediates lead to significant increases in photosensitization efficiencies and overall indirect photodegradation rates of AMX, ATL, and EE2 for the hydrophobic wetland samples. In contrast, CME photosensitization yields are unaffected by polarity and trend positively with optical indicators of sunlight-induced DOM photobleaching and humification, suggesting that wetland processing favors faster 1O2 photogeneration. These relationships highlight the uncertainties in photosensitization yields and effects of DOM optical properties and polarity on the photochemical fate of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sardana
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 430, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Leah Weaver
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
| | - Tarek N Aziz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
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Wu D, Li M, Du L, Ren D, Wang J. Straw return in paddy field alters photodegradation of organic contaminants by changing the quantity rather than the quality of water-soluble soil organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153371. [PMID: 35085639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Straw return, an important agricultural management practice, is worldwide adopted to enhance soil carbon sequestration and soil fertility. Although water-soluble soil organic matter (WSOM) in paddy field is known to affect the photodegradation of organic contaminants, how straw return regulates the photosensitization of WSOM by changing its properties remain unclear. Here, we determined the temporal variations in the content, chemical characteristics, and photosensitizing ability of WSOM after wheat straw return in a wheat-rice rotation system using optical spectroscopy and steady-state photodegradation tests. After straw return, the WSOM content first increased to a maximum and then gradually decreased to pre-return level at day 90. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of humic-like components in WSOM was not shifted by straw return, and protein-like component in WSOM just showed a slight decrease at day 45. All the WSOM samples inhibited sulfamethoxazole (SMX) photodegradation by light filtering, reactive species quenching and other mechanisms, while promoted diuron (DIU) degradation via reacting with •OH, 1O2 and excited triplet WSOM. The photodegradation of SMX and DIU was little affected by straw return changing WSOM composition and photochemical activity. However, straw return could decelerate SMX and DIU photodegradation by elevating WSOM content in a relatively short-term. This study emphasizes that straw return may reduce the photodegradation of organic contaminants by increasing WSOM concentration instead of altering WSOM chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Ling Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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37
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Xiao J, Wang C, Feng BQ, Liu TY, Jia SY, Ren HT, Liu Y, Wu SH, Han X. Mediation of water-soluble oligoaniline by phenol in the aniline-persulfate system under alkaline conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10394-10407. [PMID: 35441182 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although synthesis of oligoaniline (OANI) by persulfate and aniline has been investigated in the recent years, the impact of phenol on the synthesized soluble OANI is still not clear. In this study, our results indicate that phenol and pH mediate the production of the blue water-soluble OANI (OANIblue) in the reaction between sodium persulfate (SPS) and aniline under alkaline conditions, and the yields of OANIblue increase with increasing concentrations of phenol and pH values. Quenching experiments rule out the contributions of SO4˙- and ˙OH to aniline oxidation and imply that the non-radical activation of SPS is an important pathway in the formation of OANIblue. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis indicates that phenol apparently inhibits the polymerization degree of aniline in that the molecular weights of OANIblue gradually decrease from 1586.4 to 684.6 when phenol is increased from 0 to 2.0 mM. FTIR and Raman analyses confirm the structure of aniline oligomers in OANIblue and indicate that phenol inhibits the phenazine-like structure in OANIblue and facilitates the transformation of benzenoid rings to quinoid rings in the oxidation products. However, simultaneous activation of SPS by phenol and aniline is likely to occur in the reaction system with the formation of PhNH˙, as indicated by DFT calculations. The high scavenging reactivity of phenol towards both PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙ implies that PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙ are not the intermediates in the formation of OANIblue. DFT calculations also reveal that apart from the one-electron transfer pathway between aniline and SPS, the two-electron transfer pathway is also likely to occur in the presence of phenol, resulting in the formation of PhNH+/PhN˙˙ without producing PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙. The produced PhNH+/PhN˙˙ intermediates then couple with aniline, PhNH+, aminophenyl sulfate and its hydrolysate to form dimers, trimers, oligomers, and eventually OANIblue. This study not only describes a novel method to prepare water-soluble OANI, but also gives new insight on the importance of phenol in the production of OANIblue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Safety Supervision, North China Institute of Science and Technology, No. 467 Academy Street, Sanhe Yanjiao Development Zone, Langfang 065201, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Qi Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yi Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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38
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Remke SC, Bürgin TH, Ludvíková L, Heger D, Wenger OS, von Gunten U, Canonica S. Photochemical oxidation of phenols and anilines mediated by phenoxyl radicals in aqueous solution. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118095. [PMID: 35203017 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive intermediates formed upon irradiation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) contribute to the degradation of various organic contaminants in surface waters. Besides well-studied "short-lived" photooxidants, such as triplet state CDOM (3CDOM*) or singlet oxygen, CDOM-derived "long-lived" photooxidants (LLPO) have been suggested as key players in the transformation of electron-rich contaminants. LLPO were hypothesized to mainly consist of phenoxyl radicals derived from phenolic moieties in the CDOM. To test this hypothesis and to better characterize LLPO, the transformation kinetics of selected target compounds (phenols and anilines) induced by a suite of electron-poor model phenoxyl radicals was studied in aerated aqueous solution at pH 8. The phenoxyl radicals were generated by photosensitized oxidation of the parent phenols using aromatic ketones as photosensitizers. Under steady-state irradiation, the presence of any of the electron-poor phenols lead to an enhanced abatement of the phenolic target compounds (at an initial concentration of 1.0 × 10-7 M) compared to solutions containing the photosensitizer but no electron-poor phenol. A trend of increasing reactivity with increasing one-electron reduction potential of the electron-poor phenoxyl radical (range: 0.85‒1.12 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) was observed. Using the excited triplet state of 2-acetonaphthone as a selective oxidant for phenols, it was observed that the reactivity correlated with the concentration of electron-poor phenoxide present in solution. The rates of transformation of anilines induced by the 4-cyanophenoxyl radical were an order of magnitude smaller than for the phenolic target compounds. This was interpreted as a reduction of the radical intermediates back to the parent compound by the superoxide radical anion. Laser flash photolysis measurements confirmed the formation of the 4-cyanophenoxyl radical in solutions containing 2-acetonaphthone and 4-cyanophenol, and yielded values of (2.6 - 5.3) × 108 M-1 s-1 for the second-order rate constant for the reaction of this radical with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol. These and further results indicate that electron-poor model phenoxyl radicals generated through photosensitized oxidation are useful models to understand the photoreactivity of LLPO as part of the CDOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Remke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, CH 8600, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tobias H Bürgin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Ludvíková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Present address: PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, CH 8600, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, CH 8600, Switzerland.
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Zhou H, Xiao D. Role of NOM in the Photolysis of Chlorine and the Formation of Reactive Species in the Solar/Chlorine System. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7769-7776. [PMID: 35284752 PMCID: PMC8908494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The solar/chlorine system has been proposed as a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP) for efficient pollutant degradation and water disinfection by producing a series of reactive species including hydroxyl radicals (HO•), chlorine radicals (Cl•), and so forth. In this study, the role of natural organic matter (NOM) in the photolysis of free available chlorine (FAC) and the formation of HO• and Cl• in the solar/chlorine system was investigated employing nitrobenzene and benzoic acid as selective chemical probes. The decay rate of FAC was significantly accelerated in the presence of NOM at pH 5.5 under simulated solar irradiation, likely due to the photoreaction between FAC and the photoexcited NOM. The decay rate of FAC increased upon increasing the electron-donating capacity of NOM, which indicated that phenolic components play a significant role in the photodegradation of FAC. This acceleration mechanism was further verified using 4-nitrophenol as a model phenolic compound. NOM promoted Cl• formation and quenched HO• in the solar/chlorine system. The proposed reaction mechanism included the reaction of excited singlet phenolic compounds in NOM with FAC, which yielded Cl•. This study provides a useful insight into future applications for using the solar/chlorine system as a novel AOP for wastewater treatment or disinfection.
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40
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Wang L, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Lu J, Chovelon JM, Ji Y. Aquatic photolysis of ketoprofen generates products with photosensitizing activity and toxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117982. [PMID: 34954366 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KTF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently detected in natural and engineering waters. Because KTF is particularly photolabile (half-life ∼4 min), knowledge of the fate and ecological risks of KTF photoproducts in the aquatic environment is especially essential. Herein, we systematically investigated the photophysics, photochemistry, and photosensitization of KTF photoproducts in aqueous solution under 365 nm irradiation (UV365). Results show that KTF photolyzed rapidly and formed 3-ethyl-α-hydroxylbenzophenone (EtOH-BP), 3-ethyl-α-hydroperoxylbenzophenone (EtOOH-BP), 3-acetylbenzophenone (AcBP), and 3-ethylbenzophenone (EtBP), as identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The presence of O2 significantly affected the evolution of photoproducts during KTF photolysis. The photophysical properties of EtBP and AcBP were characterized by spectroscopic approaches. In particular, transient absorption spectra obtained by nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) indicated that EtBP and AcBP were excited to triplet states with lifetimes of 28 and 2.4 µs, respectively. EtBP underwent further photodegradation, giving rise to EtOH-BP, EtOOH-BP, and AcBP upon UV365 irradiation. The reaction is proposed to proceed through an excimer precursor (3[EtBP···EtBP]*) followed by intramolecular H-abstraction. In contrast, AcBP was relatively photostable, particularly under aerated condition. Both EtBP and AcBP have strong photosensitizing activity, as evidenced by the triplet probe 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). ECOSAR program suggested that the photoproducts are more ecotoxic and bioaccumulative than the parent KTF. Results of this study underscore the need to scrutinize the formation and fate of KTF photoproducts in sunlit surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wasswa J, Driscoll CT, Zeng T. Contrasting Impacts of Photochemical and Microbial Processing on the Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Adirondack Lake Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1688-1701. [PMID: 35041388 PMCID: PMC8812123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical and microbial processing are the prevailing mechanisms that shape the composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM); however, prior research has not comparatively evaluated the impacts of these processes on the photoproduction of reactive intermediates (RIs) from freshly sourced terrestrial DOM. We performed controlled irradiation and incubation experiments with leaf and soil samples collected from an acid-impacted lake watershed in the Adirondack Mountain region of New York to examine the effects of DOM processing on the apparent quantum yields of RIs (Φapp,RI), including excited triplet states of DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Photodegradation led to net reductions in Φapp,1O2, Φapp,3DOM*, and Φapp,•OH, whereas (photo-)biodegradation resulted in increases in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM*. Photodegradation and (photo-)biodegradation also shifted the energy distribution of 3DOM* in different directions. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed the potential relevance of photo-biodegradation in driving changes in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM* and prioritized five bulk DOM optical and redox properties that best explained the variations in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM* along the watershed terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Our findings highlight the contrasting impacts of photochemical and microbial processes on the photoreactivity of freshly sourced terrestrial DOM and invite further studies to develop a more holistic understanding of their implications for aquatic photochemistry.
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Li H, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou Z, Feng J, Dai Y, Li X, Ren J. Degradation of sulfamethazine by vacuum ultraviolet-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation: efficacy, mechanism and influences of water constituents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Carena L, Vione D, Minella M, Canonica S, Schönenberger U. Inhibition by phenolic antioxidants of the degradation of aromatic amines and sulfadiazine by the carbonate radical (CO 3•-). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117867. [PMID: 34864345 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbonate radical CO3•- and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter play an important role in the photodegradation of some easily oxidized pollutants in surface waters, such as the aromatic amines. Anilines and sulfadiazine are known to undergo back-reduction processes when their degradation is mediated by the excited triplet states of photosensitizers (triplet sensitization). Back-reduction, which inhibits photodegradation, means that phenols or the antioxidant (mostly phenolic) moieties occurring in the natural dissolved organic matter of surface waters reduce, back to the parent compounds, the radical species derived from the mono-electronic oxidation of anilines and sulfadiazine. Here we show that a similar process takes place as well in the case of substrate oxidation by CO3•-. The carbonate radical was here produced upon oxidation of HCO3-/CO32- by either HO•, generated by nitrate photolysis, or SO4•-, obtained by photolysis of persulfate. Back-reduction was observed in both cases in the presence of phenols, but at different extents as far as the details of reaction kinetics are concerned, and the occurrence of additional reductants might affect the efficacy by which phenols carry out the reduction process. In particular, when the carbonate radicals were produced by NO3- photolysis in the presence of HCO3-/CO32-, the numerical values of [PhOH]1/2 (the phenol concentration that halves the photodegradation rate of the substrate) were 2.19 ± 0.23 µM for aniline, 1.15 ± 0.25 µM for 3-chloroaniline, 1.18 ± 0.26 µM for 4-chloroaniline, and 1.18 ± 0.22 µM for 3,4-dichloroaniline. In contrast, when CO3•- was produced by photolysis of persulfate in the presence of HCO3-/CO32-, the corresponding values were 0.28 ± 0.02 µM for aniline and 0.79 ± 0.10 µM for sulfadiazine. Back-reduction has the potential to significantly inhibit photodegradation by CO3•- and excited triplet states in natural waters, and to comparatively increase the importance of HO•-mediated degradation that is not affected by the same phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland.
| | - Ursula Schönenberger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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Cheng S, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Yu J, Lei Y, Lei X, Ouyang G, Yang X. Role of Antioxidant Moieties in the Quenching of a Purine Radical by Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:546-555. [PMID: 34747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been known to inhibit the degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in advanced oxidation processes but quantitative understanding is lacking. Adenine (ADN) was selected as a model TrOC due to the wide occurrence of purine groups in TrOCs and the well-documented transient spectra of its intermediate radicals. ADN degradation in the presence of DOM during UV/peroxydisulfate treatment was quantified using steady-state photochemical experiments, time-resolved spectroscopy, and kinetic modeling. The inhibitory effects of DOM were found to include competing for photons, scavenging SO4•- and HO•, and also converting intermediate ADN radicals (ADN(-H)•) back into ADN. Half of the ADN(-H)• were reduced back to ADN in the presence of about 0.2 mgC L-1 of DOM. The quenching rate constants of ADN(-H)• by the 10 tested DOM isolates were in the range of (0.39-1.18) × 107 MC-1 s-1. They showed a positive linear relationship with the total antioxidant capacity of DOM. The laser flash photolysis results of the low-molecular-weight analogues of redox-active moieties further supported the dominant role of antioxidant moieties in DOM in the quenching of ADN(-H)•. The diverse roles of DOM should be considered in predicting the abatement of TrOCs in advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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45
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Guo Y, Guo Z, Wang J, Ye Z, Zhang L, Niu J. Photodegradation of three antidepressants in natural waters: Important roles of dissolved organic matter and nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149825. [PMID: 34450438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants have become ubiquitous emerging organic pollutants. Therefore, it is essential to investigate photodegradation of the antidepressants in environment waters for their ecological risk assessment. However, photodegradation behavior of antidepressants varied from different structures and photodegradation mechanism was rarely known for most antidepressants. Herein, citalopram (CIT), paroxetine (PAR) and fluvoxamine (FLUVO) were employed to study the photodegradation behavior of antidepressants in lake water. Results show that direct photolysis of CIT decreased when pH increased from 6 to 9 while the pH effect was not obvious on direct photolysis of FLUVO and PAR. Photodegradation of CIT occurred from its triplet-state and can undergo self-photosensitization through reaction with the generated hydroxyl radical (·OH). In lake water, PAR and FLUVO are degraded mainly via direct photolysis, while CIT is transformed mainly via indirect photolysis. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and NO3- was proved to be the main factors affecting antidepressants photodegradation in lake water. DOM and NO3- showed inhibition effect on photodegradation of FLUVO and PAR, while promoted CIT degradation. The promotion effect of CIT was mainly through reaction with ·OH and excited triplet-state of DOM while singlet oxygen played a minor role. Based on the photodegradation products identified by MS/MS, the photodegradation pathways were proposed for CIT and PAR, respectively. For FLUVO, one (Z)-isomer degradation product was also found. Understanding the photodegradation behavior of antidepressants is vital for providing data to do ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Zimi Ye
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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46
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Wenk J, Graf C, Aeschbacher M, Sander M, Canonica S. Effect of Solution pH on the Dual Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sensitized Pollutant Photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15110-15122. [PMID: 34714642 PMCID: PMC8735754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a dual role in indirect phototransformations of aquatic contaminants by acting both as a photosensitizer and an inhibitor. Herein, the pH dependence of the inhibitory effect of DOM and the underlying mechanisms were studied in more than 400 kinetic irradiation experiments over the pH range of 6-11. Experiments employed various combinations of one of three DOM isolates, one of two model photosensitizers, the model antioxidant phenol, and one of nine target compounds (TCs), comprising several aromatic amines, in particular anilines and sulfonamides, and 4-cyanophenol. Using model photosensitizers without antioxidants, the phototransformation of most TCs increased with increasing pH, even for TCs for which pH did not affect speciation. This trend was attributed to pH-dependent formation yields of TC-derived radicals and their re-formation to the parent TC. Analogous trends were observed with DOM as a photosensitizer. Comparison of model and DOM photosensitizer data sets showed increasing inhibitory effects of DOM on TC phototransformation kinetics with increasing pH. In systems with anilines as a TC and phenol as a model antioxidant, pH trends of the inhibitory effect could be rationalized based on the reduction potential difference (ΔEred) of phenoxyl/phenol and anilinyl/aniline couples. Our results indicate that the light-induced transformation of aromatic amines in the aquatic environment is governed by the pH-dependent inhibitory effects of antioxidant phenolic moieties of DOM and pH-dependent processes related to the formation of amine oxidation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wenk
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre
(WIRC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- . Tel: +44-1225-383246
| | - Cornelia Graf
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- INFRAS
Research and Consulting, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Aeschbacher
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- . Tel: +41-58-765-5453. Fax: +41-58-765-5210
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47
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Solomou N, Minella M, Vione D, Psillakis E. UVC-induced degradation of cilastatin in natural water and treated wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130668. [PMID: 33962299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports for the first time the UVC photodegradation of cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor co-adminstered with the imipenem antibiotic. Initially, solutions of cilastatin at varying concentrations were prepared in ultra-pure water and the direct photolysis of cilastatin was monitored under 254-nm irradiation. Degradation was slower at higher initial cilastatin concentrations, due to absorption saturation. Of the different eluting photoproducts, only one was tentatively identified as oxidized cilastatin bearing a sulfoxide group. UV-254 photolysis occurred faster at lower pH values, because the protonated forms of the molecule (H3A+, H2A) have both higher absorption coefficients and higher photolysis quantum yields than the non-protonated ones (HA-, A2-). The direct photolysis of cilastatin does not involve •OH, as excluded by experiments in which t-butanol was added as •OH scavenger, whereas the presence of humic acids inhibited photolysis due to competition for radiation absorption. The same explanation partially accounts for the observation that the photolysis kinetics of cilastatin was slower in tap water, river water and treated wastewater samples compared to ultra-pure water. Moreover, the direct photolysis quantum yield was also lower in water matrices compared to ultra-pure water. Similar findings reported for triclosan and the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in previous studies might suggest that the water matrix components could carry out either physical quenching of cilastatin's excited states or back-reduction to cilastatin of the partially oxidized degradation intermediates. Overall, the present results demonstrate that UVC irradiation is a fast and efficient process for the degradation of cilastatin in natural water and treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Solomou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Marco Minella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elefteria Psillakis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.
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48
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Yang X, Cao X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhou L, Xiu G, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM. Sulfate radical-based oxidation of the aminopyralid and picloram herbicides: The role of amino group on pyridine ring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124181. [PMID: 33268199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utilization of pesticides has attracted increasing attention to their environmental impacts and effective removal strategies. In the present study, the degradation of herbicides picloram (PCLO) and aminopyralid (AMP) with similar structures were investigated systematically by thermo activated persulfate. Overweight SO4•- was determined to be the predominant oxidizing species by quenching experiment. Obtained by laser-flash photolysis (LFP), reaction rate constants of SO4•- towards AMP and PCLO were determined at 1.56 × 109 M-1s-1 and 1.21 × 109 M-1s-1, respectively. Product analysis revealed that both substances underwent similar oxidation paths, namely, successive oxidation on pyridine ring and formation of coupling-products as well as further hydroxylation and decarboxylation. Amino group on the pyridine ring was identified as the main reactive site, which was further confirmed by DFT calculation. It was susceptible attacked by SO4•- to form deamination, nitration, and self-coupling products. These couples could be further oxidatively dehydrated to form azo and a series of azo derivatives. EOCSAR program predicted significant hazards on aquatic species during the formation of these couplings and azo derivatives. Our work emphasized the potential ability and toxicity of contaminates to produce azo substances in the presence of amino groups on the pyridine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5256, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xue Cao
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5256, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5256, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
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49
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Remke SC, von Gunten U, Canonica S. Enhanced transformation of aquatic organic compounds by long-lived photooxidants (LLPO) produced from dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116707. [PMID: 33373945 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the photochemical transformation of organic contaminants in natural aquatic systems. The present study focuses on the characterization of a specific effect previously observed for electron-rich phenols, consisting in an acceleration of the DOM-photosensitized transformation of target compounds at low concentrations (< 1 µM). This effect was hypothesized to be caused by DOM-derived "long-lived" photooxidants (LLPO). Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the transformation of several phenols, anilines, sulfonamide antibiotics and phenylureas photosensitized by Suwannee River fulvic acid were determined under steady-state irradiation using the UVA and visible wavelengths from a medium-pressure mercury lamp. A significant enhancement (by a factor of 2.4 - 16) of the first-order transformation rate constant of various electron-rich target compounds was observed for an initial concentration of 0.1 μM compared to 5 μM . This effect points to a relevant reactivity of these compounds with LLPO. For phenols and anilines the enhancement effect occurred only above certain standard one-electron oxidation potentials. From these data series the standard one-electron reduction potential of LLPO was estimated to be in the range of 1.0 - 1.3 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode. LLPO are proposed to mainly consist of phenoxyl radicals formed by photooxidation of electron-poor phenolic moieties of the DOM. The plausibility of this hypothesis was successfully tested by studying the photosensitized transformation kinetics of 3,4-dimethoxyphenol in aqueous solutions containing a model photosensitizer (2-acetonaphthone) and a model electron-poor phenol (4-cyanophenol) as DOM surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Remke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GC A2 454, Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GC A2 454, Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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50
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Wu B, Arnold WA, Ma L. Photolysis of atrazine: Role of triplet dissolved organic matter and limitations of sensitizers and quenchers. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116659. [PMID: 33279742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is susceptible to photolysis. The role of triplet excited states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) in the photolysis of atrazine, however, is not well understood. The direct photolysis of atrazine under irradiation sources (natural sunlight/environmentally relevant simulated solar light) and its indirect photochemical reactivity with model triplet photosensitizers (benzophenone, 2-acetonaphthone, 3'-methoxy-acetophenone, 4-carboxybenzophenone, rose bengal, methylene blue, and anthraquinone-2-sulphonate) was investigated. The reactivity of the model sensitizers and DOM (Suwannee River natural organic matter, river/lake water, and wastewater effluent), were compared. The direct photolysis quantum yield was determined as 0.0196 mol Einstein-1 in a solar simulator and 0.00437 mol Einstein-1 under natural sunlight. Considerable photosensitization was induced by triplet state (n-π*) model sensitizers, while insignificant effects on atrazine loss were discerned in natural organic matter even when oxygen, a triplet quencher, was removed. The triplet sensitizers benzophenone and 2-acetylnaphthone reacted with L-histidine and 2-propanol that were intended to quench/ scavenge 1O2 and hydroxyl radical •OH, respectively, and benzophenone reacted with NaN3 as a 1O2 scavenger and furfuryl alcohol as a 1O2 trapping agent, indicating quenchers may have unanticipated effects when using model sensitizers. Atrazine loss via reaction with 3DOM* will be relevant only in selected conditions, and this work provides a more comprehensive view on the use of model photosensitizers to mimic triplet 3DOM*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - William A Arnold
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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