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Chen Z, Li H, Shang H, Liu X, Guo F, Liu X, Yu L, Zhou B, Liu X, Shi Y, Zhang L, Ai Z. Oxalate-Promoted SO 2 Uptake and Oxidation on Iron Minerals: Implications for Secondary Sulfate Aerosol Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13559-13568. [PMID: 37647604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Mineral dust serves as a significant source of sulfate aerosols by mediating heterogeneous sulfur dioxide (SO2) oxidation in the atmosphere. Given that a considerable proportion of small organic acids are deposited onto mineral dust via long-range transportation, understanding their impact on atmospheric SO2 transformation and sulfate formation is of great importance. This study investigates the effect of oxalate on heterogeneous SO2 uptake and oxidation phenomenon by in situ FTIR, theoretical calculation, and continuous stream experiments, exploiting hematite (Fe2O3) as an environmental indicator. The results highlight the critical role of naturally deposited oxalate in mononuclear monodentate coordinating surface Fe atoms of Fe2O3 that enhances the activation of O2 for oxidizing SO2 into sulfate. Meanwhile, oxalate increases the hygroscopicity of Fe2O3, facilitating H2O dissociation into reactive hydroxyl groups and further augmenting the SO2 uptake capacity of Fe2O3. More importantly, other conventional iron minerals, such as goethite and magnetite, as well as authentic iron-containing mineral dust, exhibit similar oxalate-promoted sulfate accumulation behaviors. Our findings suggest that oxalate-assisted SO2 oxidation on iron minerals is one of the important contributors to secondary sulfate aerosols, especially during the nighttime with high relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xupeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Furong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Linghao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Wang J, Huang D, Chen F, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Chen C, Zhao J. Rapid Redox Cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) in Microdroplets during Iron-Citric Acid Photochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4434-4442. [PMID: 36883325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III) and carboxylic acids are common compositions in atmospheric microdroplet systems like clouds, fogs, and aerosols. Although photochemical processes of Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes have been extensively studied in bulk aqueous solution, relevant information on the dynamic microdroplet system, which may be largely different from the bulk phase, is rare. With the help of the custom-made ultrasonic-based dynamic microdroplet photochemical system, this study examines the photochemical process of Fe(III)-citric acid complexes in microdroplets for the first time. We find that when the degradation extent of citric acid is similar between the microdroplet system and the bulk solution, the significantly lower Fe(II) ratio is present in microdroplet samples due to the rapider reoxidation of photogenerated Fe(II). However, by replacing citric acid with benzoic acid, no much difference in the Fe(II) ratio between microdroplets and bulk solution is observed, which indicates distinct reoxidation pathways of Fe(II). Moreover, the presence of •OH scavenger, namely, methanol, greatly accelerates the reoxidation of photogenerated Fe(II) in both citric acid and benzoic acid situations. Further experiments reveal that the high availability of O2 and the citric acid- or methanol-derived carbon-centered radicals are responsible for the rapider reoxidation of Fe(II) in iron-citric acid microdroplets by prolonging the length of HO2•- and H2O2-involved radical reaction chains. The results in this study may provide a new understanding about iron-citric acid photochemistry in atmospheric liquid particles, which can further influence the photoactivity of particles and the formation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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West CP, Morales AC, Ryan J, Misovich MV, Hettiyadura APS, Rivera-Adorno F, Tomlin JM, Darmody A, Linn BN, Lin P, Laskin A. Molecular investigation of the multi-phase photochemistry of Fe(III)-citrate in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:190-213. [PMID: 35634912 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is ubiquitous in nature and found as FeII or FeIII in minerals or as dissolved ions Fe2+ or Fe3+ in aqueous systems. The interactions of soluble Fe have important implications for fresh water and marine biogeochemical cycles, which have impacts on global terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Upon dissolution of FeIII into natural aquatic systems, organic carboxylic acids efficiently chelate FeIII to form [FeIII-carboxylate]2+ complexes that undergo a wide range of photochemistry-induced radical reactions. The chemical composition and photochemical transformations of these mixtures are largely unknown, making it challenging to estimate their environmental impact. To investigate the photochemical process of FeIII-carboxylates at the molecular level, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study employing UV-visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, and oil immersion flow microscopy. In this study, aqueous solutions of FeIII-citrate were photolyzed under 365 nm light in an experimental setup with an apparent quantum yield of (φ) ∼0.02, followed by chemical analyses of reacted mixtures withdrawn at increment time intervals of the experiment. The apparent photochemical reaction kinetics of Fe3+-citrates (aq) were expressed as two generalized consecutive reactions of with the experimental rate constants of j1 ∼ 0.12 min-1 and j2 ∼ 0.05 min-1, respectively. Molecular characterization results indicate that R and I consist of both water-soluble organic and Fe-organic species, while P compounds are a mixture of water-soluble and colloidal materials. The latter were identified as Fe-carbonaceous colloids formed at long photolysis times. The carbonaceous content of these colloids was identified as unsaturated organic species with low oxygen content and carbon with a reduced oxidation state, indicative of their plausible radical recombination mechanism under oxygen-deprived conditions typical for the extensively photolyzed mixtures. Based on the molecular characterization results, we discuss the comprehensive reaction mechanism of FeIII-citrate photochemistry and report on the formation of previously unexplored colloidal reaction products, which may contribute to atmospheric and terrestrial light-absorbing materials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Jackson Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Maria V Misovich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | | | | | - Jay M Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Darmody
- Department of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brittany N Linn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ammann M, Artiglia L. Solvation, Surface Propensity, and Chemical Reactions of Solutes at Atmospheric Liquid-Vapor Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3641-3651. [PMID: 36472357 PMCID: PMC9774673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
surface is covered by oceans, a large number of liquid aerosol particles fill the air, and clouds hold a tiny but critical fraction of Earth's water in the air to influence our climate and hydrology, enabling the lives of humans and ecosystems. The surfaces of these liquids provide the interface for the transfer of gases, for nucleation processes, and for catalyzing important chemical reactions. Coupling a range of spectroscopic tools to liquid microjets has become an important approach to better understanding dynamics, structure, and chemistry at liquid interfaces. Liquid microjets offer stability in vacuum and ambient pressure environments, thus also allowing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with manageable efforts in terms of differential pumping. Liquid microjets are operated at speeds sufficient to allow for a locally equilibrated surface in terms of water dynamics and solute surface partitioning. XPS is based on the emission of core-level electrons, the binding energy of which is selective for the element and its chemical environment. Inelastic scattering of electrons establishes the probing depth of XPS in the nanometer range and thus its surface sensitivity.In this Account, we focus on aqueous solutions relevant to the surface of oceans, aqueous aerosols, or cloudwater. We are interested in understanding solvation and acid dissociation at the interface, interfacial aspects of reactions with gas-phase reactants, and the interplay of ions with organic molecules at the interface. The strategy is to obtain a link between the molecular-level picture and macroscopic properties and reactivity in the atmospheric context.We show consistency between surface tension and XPS for a range of surface-active organic species as an important proof for interrogating an equilibrated liquid surface. Measurements with organic acids and amines offer important insight into the question of apparent acidity or basicity at the interface. Liquid microjet XPS has settled the debate of the surface enhancement of halide ions, shown using the example of bromide and its oxidation products. Despite the absence of a strong enhancement for the bromide ion, its rate of oxidation by ozone is surface catalyzed through the stabilization of the bromide ozonide intermediate at the interface. In another reaction system, the one between Fe2+ and H2O2, a similar intermediate in the form of highly valent iron species could not be detected by XPS under the experimental conditions employed, shedding light on the abundance of this intermediate in the environment but also on the constraints within which surface species can be detected. Emphasizing the importance of electrostatic effects, we show how a cationic surfactant attracts charged bromide anions to the interface, accompanied by enhanced oxidation rates by ozone, overriding the role of surfactants as a barrier for the access of gas-phase reactants. The reactivity and structure at interfaces thus result from a subtle balance between hygroscopic and hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic effects, and the structural properties of both liquids and solutes.
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Beck J, Brüggemann M, van Pinxteren D, Herrmann H. Nontarget Approach to Identify Complexing Agents in Atmospheric Aerosol and Rainwater Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8966-8974. [PMID: 35708243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particles and droplets contain numerous organic substances, some of which form complexes with metal ions, significantly affecting bulk physicochemical properties and chemical reactivity. However, the detection and identification of complexing agents and their corresponding metal complexes remains an analytical challenge. In this study, we developed an LC/HRMS nontarget screening (NTS) approach which allows the selective detection of complexing agents in aerosol particle extracts and rainwater. To achieve this, a T-junction is installed between the LC outlet and the ion source, and a FeCl3 solution is added for postcolumn complexation. The resulting mass spectra are screened for the three characteristic iron(III)-complexes [M - H + FeCl3]-, [M - 2H + FeCl2]-, and [M - 3H + FeCl]- with mass differences (Δm/z) between the complexing agent and the iron complex of 160.8416, 124.8648, and 89.8959, respectively. Up to 29 di- or tricarboxylic acids were identified as complexing agents in aerosol particle samples from two different sites (Melpitz, Germany, and Wangdu, China) at concentrations as low as 50 nM. Thirteen complexing agents were detected even in measurements without postcolumn iron addition from complexation with background Fe3+ traces from the analytical system. At least for the highest concentrated complexing agents, the proposed screening approach can thus be exploited in a NTS approach without any device modification. Besides carboxylic acids, 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol were identified as further complexing agents, demonstrating the applicability of the approach to other matrices and to a range of different complexing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beck
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Brüggemann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Influence of Ambient Atmospheric Environments on the Mixing State and Source of Oxalate-Containing Particles at Coastal and Suburban Sites in North China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is a key process impacting the lifetime of oxalate in the atmosphere, but few studies investigated this process in the field due to the complex mixing and sources of oxalate. Oxalate-containing particles were measured via single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry at coastal and suburban sites in Qingdao, a coastal city in North China in the summer of 2016. The mixing state and influence of different ambient conditions on the source and photodegradation of oxalate were investigated. Generally, 6.3% and 12.3% of the total particles (by number) contained oxalate at coastal and suburban sites, respectively. Twelve major types of oxalate-containing particles were identified, and they were classified into three groups. Biomass burning (BB)-related oxalate–K and oxalate–carbonaceous particles were the dominant groups, respectively, accounting for 68.9% and 13.6% at the coastal site and 72.0% and 16.8% at the suburban site. Oxalate–Heavy metals (HM)-related particles represented 14.6% and 9.3% of the oxalate particles at coastal and suburban sites, respectively, which were mainly from industrial emissions (Cu-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich), BB (Zn-rich), and residual fuel oil combustion (V-rich). The peak area of oxalate at the coastal site decreased immediately after sunrise, while it increased during the daytime at the suburban site. However, the oxalate peak area of Fe-rich particles at both sites decreased after sunrise, indicating that iron plays an important role in oxalate degradation in both environments. The decay rates (k) of Fe-rich and BB-Fe particles at the coastal site (−0.978 and −0.859 h−1, respectively), were greater than those at the suburban site (−0.512 and −0.178 h−1, respectively), owing to the high-water content of particles and fewer oxalate precursors. The estimated k values of oxalate peak area for different ambient conditions were in the same order of magnitude, which can help establish or validate the future atmospheric models.
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7
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Corral Arroyo P, David G, Alpert PA, Parmentier EA, Ammann M, Signorell R. Amplification of light within aerosol particles accelerates in-particle photochemistry. Science 2022; 376:293-296. [PMID: 35420964 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical confinement (OC) structures the optical field and amplifies light intensity inside atmospheric aerosol particles, with major consequences for sunlight-driven aerosol chemistry. Although theorized, the OC-induced spatial structuring has so far defied experimental observation. Here, x-ray spectromicroscopic imaging complemented by modeling provides direct evidence for OC-induced patterning inside photoactive particles. Single iron(III)-citrate particles were probed using the iron oxidation state as a photochemical marker. Based on these results, we predict an overall acceleration of photochemical reactions by a factor of two to three for most classes of atmospheric aerosol particles. Rotation of free aerosol particles and intraparticle molecular transport generally accelerate the photochemistry. Given the prevalence of OC effects, their influence on aerosol particle photochemistry should be considered by atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corral Arroyo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Grégory David
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter A Alpert
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Evelyne A Parmentier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Talaga D, Wu Y, Dong W, Sobanska S. Toward a better understanding of ferric-oxalate complex photolysis: The role of the aqueous/air interface of droplet. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133127. [PMID: 34864008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the photo reactivity of ferric oxalate (Fe(III)-Ox) complex in atmospheric particles was investigated. Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the mechanism and kinetics of Fe(III)-Ox photolysis occurring at the aqueous/gas interface, inside the droplet and in bulk solution. Ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) was detected indicating that carbonate ion (CO32-) formed inside the droplets would compete with oxalate ligands for iron complexation. A higher concentration of photoproduct Fe(II)-Ox was observed at the surface and inside of the droplets than in bulk solution. In particular, Fe(III)-Ox on the droplet surface was quickly reduced with light and Fe(II)-Ox concentration gradually decreased with irradiation time. The evolution of Fe(II)-Ox concentration was similar inside the droplet and in bulk solution with a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing during irradiation time. Although FeCO3 would hinder Fenton intermediate reaction, the photolysis rate of Fe(III)-Ox in droplets was almost two orders of magnitude times faster than that observed during bulk experiment. In general, the photolysis mechanism and kinetics of Fe(III)-Ox in aqueous/air interface, inside of droplet and bulk solution were distinct, and the production of oxide species from the atmospheric Fe(III)-Ox droplets was underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Talaga
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France.
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Gen M, Zhang R, Chan CK. Nitrite/Nitrous Acid Generation from the Reaction of Nitrate and Fe(II) Promoted by Photolysis of Iron-Organic Complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15715-15723. [PMID: 34812628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) has the potential to greatly contribute to the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Increased attention has been paid to in-particle nitrite or nitrous acid, N(III), as one of the HONO sources. However, sources and formation mechanisms of N(III) remain uncertain. Here, we study a much less examined reaction of Fe(II) and nitrate as a source of N(III). The N(III) production was indirectly probed by its multiphase reaction with SO2 for sulfate production. Particles containing nitrate and Fe(III) were irradiated for generating Fe(II). Sulfate production was enhanced by the presence of UV and organic compounds likely because of the enhanced redox cycle between Fe(II) and Fe(III). Sulfate production rate increases with the concentration of iron-organic complexes in nitrate particles. Similarly, higher concentrations of iron-organic complexes yield higher nitrate decay rates. The estimated production rates of N(III) under simulated conditions in our study vary from 0.1 to 3.0 μg m-3 of air h-1. These values are comparable to HONO production rates of 0.2-1.6 ppbv h-1, which fall in the values reported in laboratory and field studies. The present study highlights a synergistic effect of the coexistence of iron-organic complexes and nitrate under irradiation as a source of N(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chak Keung Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Gong H, Cheng C, Li M, Yang S, Zhou Q, Zhong QE, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhou Z. The enhanced mixing states of oxalate with metals in single particles in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146962. [PMID: 33866183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, internal mixing states of oxalate with metals in single particles have been reported from field studies, yet the role of metals in the formation processes of oxalate remains unclear due to the diversity of chemical components and complex atmospheric environment. In this study, the mixing states of oxalate with five metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and iron (Fe) were investigated in Guangzhou, China. It was found that 55% of oxalate-containing particles were internally mixed with these metals. The number fraction of oxalate in the metal-containing particles ranged from 5.4-26%, which is much higher than that in the total detected particles (4.0%), indicating significant enrichment of oxalate in the metal-containing particles. Enhanced oxalate production was found in the Fe- and V-containing particles based on distinctly higher relative peak area (RPA) ratios of oxalate to its precursors compared to the total particles, possibly due to enhanced aqueous phase reactions in the Fe- and V-containing particles. However, enrichment of oxalate in the Zn-, Pb-, and Cu-containing particles was possibly associated with complexation of gas phase oxalic acid with the metals, as indicated by the small increase in RPA ratios in these particles. On the other hand, the internal mixing of oxalate with metals was found to provide a way of efficient photolysis of oxalate-metal complexes, which led to a decrease in oxalate after sunrise in the metal-containing particles. In this study, the enhanced mixing states of oxalate with metals have revealed the important role of metals in the production and degradation of oxalate, providing insights for the evaluation of metals in the formation processes of organic aerosol in field studies, which is beneficial to the further study of air pollution in metal emission areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Suxia Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianni Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi En Zhong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yutong Xie
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Ye C, Chen H, Hoffmann EH, Mettke P, Tilgner A, He L, Mutzel A, Brüggemann M, Poulain L, Schaefer T, Heinold B, Ma Z, Liu P, Xue C, Zhao X, Zhang C, Zhang F, Sun H, Li Q, Wang L, Yang X, Wang J, Liu C, Xing C, Mu Y, Chen J, Herrmann H. Particle-Phase Photoreactions of HULIS and TMIs Establish a Strong Source of H 2O 2 and Particulate Sulfate in the Winter North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7818-7830. [PMID: 34019409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During haze periods in the North China Plain, extremely high NO concentrations have been observed, commonly exceeding 1 ppbv, preventing the classical gas-phase H2O2 formation through HO2 recombination. Surprisingly, H2O2 mixing ratios of about 1 ppbv were observed repeatedly in winter 2017. Combined field observations and chamber experiments reveal a photochemical in-particle formation of H2O2, driven by transition metal ions (TMIs) and humic-like substances (HULIS). In chamber experiments, steady-state H2O2 mixing ratios of 116 ± 83 pptv were observed upon the irradiation of TMI- and HULIS-containing particles. Correspondingly, H2O2 formation rates of about 0.2 ppbv h-1 during the initial irradiation periods are consistent with the H2O2 rates observed in the field. A novel chemical mechanism was developed explaining the in-particle H2O2 formation through a sequence of elementary photochemical reactions involving HULIS and TMIs. Dedicated box model studies of measurement periods with relative humidity >50% and PM2.5 ≥ 75 μg m-3 agree with the observed H2O2 concentrations and time courses. The modeling results suggest about 90% of the particulate sulfate to be produced from the SO2 reaction with OH and HSO3- oxidation by H2O2. Overall, under high pollution, the H2O2-caused sulfate formation rate is above 250 ng m-3 h-1, contributing to the sulfate formation by more than 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ye
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Erik H Hoffmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Peter Mettke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Lin He
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Martin Brüggemann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Bernd Heinold
- Modeling of Atmospheric Processes Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Zhuobiao Ma
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Centre for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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12
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Photolytic radical persistence due to anoxia in viscous aerosol particles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1769. [PMID: 33741973 PMCID: PMC7979739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In viscous, organic-rich aerosol particles containing iron, sunlight may induce anoxic conditions that stabilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbon-centered radicals (CCRs). In laboratory experiments, we show mass loss, iron oxidation and radical formation and release from photoactive organic particles containing iron. Our results reveal a range of temperature and relative humidity, including ambient conditions, that control ROS build up and CCR persistence in photochemically active, viscous organic particles. We find that radicals can attain high concentrations, altering aerosol chemistry and exacerbating health hazards of aerosol exposure. Our physicochemical kinetic model confirmed these results, implying that oxygen does not penetrate such particles due to the combined effects of fast reaction and slow diffusion near the particle surface, allowing photochemically-produced radicals to be effectively trapped in an anoxic organic matrix. Sunlight can change the composition of atmospheric aerosol particles, but the mechanisms through which this happens are not well known. Here, the authors show that fast radical reaction and slow diffusion near viscous organic particle surfaces can cause oxygen depletion, radical trapping and humidity dependent oxidation.
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13
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Meng J, Li Z, Zhou R, Chen M, Li Y, Yi Y, Ding Z, Li H, Yan L, Hou Z, Wang G. Enhanced photochemical formation of secondary organic aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown in Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143709. [PMID: 33223177 PMCID: PMC7666554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To eliminate the spread of a novel coronavirus breaking out in the end of 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese government has implemented a nationwide lockdown policy after the Chinese lunar New Year of 2020, resulting in a sharp reduction in air pollutant emissions. To investigate the impact of the lockdown on aerosol chemistry, the number fraction, size distribution and formation process of oxalic acid (C2) containing particles and its precursors were studied using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) at the urban site of Liaocheng in the North China Plain (NCP). Our results showed that five air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO) decreased by 30.0-59.8% during the lockdown compared to those before the lockdown, while O3 increased by 63.9% during the lockdown mainly due to the inefficient titration effect of O3 via NO reduction. The increased O3 concentration can boost the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and further enhance the formation of secondary organic aerosols, thereby significantly enhancing the C2 particles and its precursors as observed during the lockdown. Before the lockdown, C2 particles were significantly originated from biomass burning emissions and their subsequent aqueous-phase oxidation. The hourly variation patterns and correlation analysis before the lockdown suggested that relative humidity (RH) and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) played a key role in the formation of C2 particles and the increased aerosol acidity can promote the conversion of precursors such as glyoxal (Gly) and methyglyoxal (mGly) into C2 particles in the aqueous phase. RH and ALWC decreased sharply but O3 concentration and solar radiation increased remarkably during the lockdown, the O3-dominated photochemical pathways played an important role in the formation of C2 particles in which aerosol acidity was ineffective. Our study indicated that air pollution treatment sponges on a joint-control and balanced strategy for controlling numerous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhou
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanan Yi
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhijian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hongji Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanfang Hou
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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14
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Gen M, Zhang R, Li Y, Chan CK. Multiphase Photochemistry of Iron-Chloride Containing Particles as a Source of Aqueous Chlorine Radicals and Its Effect on Sulfate Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9862-9871. [PMID: 32668147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of iron chlorides is a well-known photolytic source of Cl• in environmental waters. However, the role of particulate chlorine radicals (Cl• and Cl2•-) in their multiphase oxidative potential has been much less explored. Herein, we examine the effect of Cl•/Cl2•- produced from photolysis of particulate iron chlorides on atmospheric multiphase oxidation. As a model system, experiments on multiphase oxidation of SO2 by Cl•/Cl2•- were performed. Fast sulfate production from SO2 oxidation was observed with reactive uptake coefficients of ∼10-5, comparable to the values necessary for explaining the observations in the haze events in China. The experimental and modeling results found a good positive correlation between the uptake coefficient, γSO2, and the Cl• production rate, d[Cl•]/dt, as γSO2 = 5.3 × 10-6 × log(d[Cl•]/dt) + 4.9 × 10-5. When commonly found particulate dicarboxylic acids (oxalic acid or malonic acid) were added, sulfate production was delayed due to the competition of Fe3+ between chloride and the dicarboxylic acid for its complexation at the initial stage. After the delay, comparable sulfate production was observed. The present study highlights the importance of photochemistry of particulate iron chlorides in multiphase oxidation processes in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Griffith SM, Wu G, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M, Zhou Z, Yu JZ. Field Evidence of Fe-Mediated Photochemical Degradation of Oxalate and Subsequent Sulfate Formation Observed by Single Particle Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6562-6574. [PMID: 32339453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we deployed a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong from February 04 to April 17, 2013 to study individual oxalate particles and a monitor for aerosols and gases in ambient air (MARGA) to track the bulk oxalate concentrations in particle matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). A shallow dip in the bulk oxalate concentration was consistently observed before 10:00 am in the morning throughout the observation campaign, corresponding to a 20% decrease in the oxalate concentration on average during the decay process. Such a decrease in PM oxalate was found to be coincident with a decrease in Fe-containing oxalate particles, providing persuasive evidence of Fe-mediated photochemical degradation of oxalate. Oxalate mixed with Fe and Fe_NaK particles, from industry sources, were identified as the dominant factors for oxalate decay in the early morning. We further found an increase of sulfate intensity by a factor of 1.6 on these individual Fe-containing particles during the oxalate decomposition process, suggesting a facilitation of sulfur oxidation. This is the first report on the oxalate-Fe decomposition process with individual particle level information and provides unique evidence to advance our current understanding of oxalate and Fe cycling. The present work also indicates the importance of anthropogenic sourced iron in oxalate-Fe photochemical processing. In addition, V-containing oxalate particles, from ship emissions, also showed evidence of morning photodegradation and need further attention since current models rarely consider photochemical processing of oxalate_V particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- Institute of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guanru Wu
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Institute of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Division of Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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16
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Zhang C, Yang C, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Insight into the photochemistry of atmospheric oxalate through hourly measurements in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137416. [PMID: 32145492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate-iron is an integral part of the photochemical system in the atmosphere. Here, we combined high-resolution online observations and laboratory simulations to discuss the distribution of oxalate and oxalate-iron photochemical system in Nanjing atmosphere at the molecular level. The results show that the oxidation state of iron in the oxalate-iron photochemical system changes significantly and regularly. Among them, Fe (II)/Fe (III) is 3.82 during the day and 0.76 at night. At the same time, Cl- may accelerate the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the system and promote the photooxidation rate of oxalate. Oxalate can be converted into formate (C1) and acetate (C2) in the photochemical system, but <4% of degraded oxalate is converted, which means that the photochemical system may not be the main source of formate and acetate in the atmosphere. Besides, the ratio of C1/C2 < 1 in the conversion is opposite to the ratio of C1/C2 > 1 in the general secondary conversion, which means that not all ratio of C1/C2 in the photochemical pathway is >1. These results are beneficial for us to understand the effect of the oxalate-iron photochemical system on the distribution of oxalate in the atmosphere, and also help us to analyze the conversion of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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17
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Wei H, Dong F, Chen M, Zhang W, He M, Liu M. Removal of uranium by biogenetic jarosite coupled with photoinduced reduction in the presence of oxalic acid: a low-cost remediation technology. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Photochemistry of the Cloud Aqueous Phase: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020423. [PMID: 31968643 PMCID: PMC7024559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper describes briefly the cloud aqueous phase composition and deeply its reactivity in the dark and mainly under solar radiation. The role of the main oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, nitrate radical, and hydroxyl radical) is presented with a focus on the hydroxyl radical, which drives the oxidation capacity during the day. Its sources in the aqueous phase, mainly through photochemical mechanisms with H2O2, iron complexes, or nitrate/nitrite ions, are presented in detail. The formation rate of hydroxyl radical and its steady state concentration evaluated by different authors are listed and compared. Finally, a paragraph is also dedicated to the sinks and the reactivity of the HO• radical with the main compounds found in the cloud aqueous phase. This review presents an assessment of the reactivity in the cloud aqueous phase and shows the significant potential impact that this medium can have on the chemistry of the atmosphere and more generally on the climate.
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19
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Dou J, Luo B, Peter T, Alpert PA, Corral Arroyo P, Ammann M, Krieger UK. Carbon Dioxide Diffusivity in Single, Levitated Organic Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4484-4489. [PMID: 31295402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The diffusivity of molecules relevant to condensed-phase chemistry within viscous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains highly uncertain. Whereas there has been an effort to characterize water diffusivity as well as the diffusivity of larger compounds, data are lacking almost entirely for small molecules, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Here we use photochemically generated CO2 in single particles of aqueous citric acid as a SOA proxy, levitated in an electrodynamic balance, to deduce CO2 diffusivity in the particle with unprecedented accuracy. For medium viscosities at intermediate relative humidities (∼25-40% RH), we find CO2 diffusivities DCO2 ≈ 10-14 m2 s-1, agreeing with the Stokes-Einstein relationship based on current viscosity data but 10 times lower than that for water. Conversely, under dry high-viscosity conditions, we find that DCO2 ≈ 10-16 m2 s-1, which is 10 times higher than for water. We infer that the chemical degradation of atmospheric SOA particles will likely not be limited by CO2 diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Beiping Luo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Peter A Alpert
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Pablo Corral Arroyo
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Ulrich K Krieger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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20
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Zhang G, Lin Q, Peng L, Yang Y, Jiang F, Liu F, Song W, Chen D, Cai Z, Bi X, Miller M, Tang M, Huang W, Wang X, Peng P, Sheng G. Oxalate Formation Enhanced by Fe-Containing Particles and Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1269-1277. [PMID: 30354091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We used a single particle mass spectrometry to online detect chemical compositions of individual particles over four seasons in Guangzhou. Number fractions (Nfs) of all the measured particles that contained oxalate were 1.9%, 5.2%, 25.1%, and 15.5%, whereas the Nfs of Fe-containing particles that were internally mixed with oxalate were 8.7%, 23.1%, 45.2%, and 31.2% from spring to winter, respectively. The results provided the first direct field measurements for the enhanced formation of oxalate associated with Fe-containing particles. Other oxidized organic compounds including formate, acetate, methylglyoxal, glyoxylate, purivate, malonate, and succinate were also detected in the Fe-containing particles. It is likely that reactive oxidant species (ROS) via Fenton reactions enhanced the formation of these organic compounds and their oxidation product oxalate. Gas-particle partitioning of oxalic acid followed by coordination with Fe might also partly contribute to the enhanced oxalate. Aerosol water content likely played an important role in the enhanced oxalate formation when the relative humidity is >60%. Interactions with Fe drove the diurnal variation of oxalate in the Fe-containing particles. The study could provide a reference for model simulation to improve understanding on the formation and fate of oxalate, and the evolution and climate impacts of particulate Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Long Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Duohong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring , Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center , Guangzhou 510308 , PR China
| | - Zhang Cai
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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Arroyo PC, Malecha KT, Ammann M, Nizkorodov SA. Influence of humidity and iron(iii) on photodegradation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30021-30031. [PMID: 30480278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of solar actinic radiation by atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles drives condensed-phase photochemical processes, which lead to particle mass loss by the production of CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and various oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). We examined the influence of relative humidity (RH) and Fe(iii) content on the OVOC release and subsequent mass loss from secondary organic aerosol material (SOM) during UV irradiation. The samples were generated in a flow tube reactor from the oxidation of d-limonene by ozone. The SOM was collected with a Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) on CaF2 windows. To selected samples, a variable amount of FeCl3 was added before irradiation. The resulting SOM samples, with or without added FeCl3, were irradiated with a 305 nm light-emitting diode and the release of several OVOCs, including acetic acid, acetone, formic acid and acetaldehyde, was measured with a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). The release of OVOCs from photodegradation of SOM at typical ambient mid-values of RH (30-70%) was 2-4 times higher than under dry conditions. The release of OVOCs was slightly enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of iron (0.04 Fe molar ratio) but it was suppressed at higher concentrations (0.50 Fe molar ratio) of iron indicating the existence of a complicated radical chemistry driving the photodegradation of SOM. Our findings suggest that the presence of iron in atmospheric aerosol particles will either increase or decrease release of OVOCs due to the photodegradation of SOM depending on whether the relative iron concentration is low or high, respectively. At atmospherically relevant RH conditions, the expected fractional mass loss induced by these photochemical processes from limonene SOA particles would be between 2 and 4% of particle mass per hour. Therefore, photodegradation is an important aging mechanism for this type of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corral Arroyo
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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22
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Wegeberg C, Fernández-Alvarez VM, de Aguirre A, Frandsen C, Browne WR, Maseras F, McKenzie CJ. Photoinduced O 2-Dependent Stepwise Oxidative Deglycination of a Nonheme Iron(III) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14150-14160. [PMID: 30347152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The iron(III) complex [Fe(tpena)]2+ (tpena = N, N, N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylendiamine- N'-acetate) undergoes irreversible O2-dependent N-demethylcarboxylation to afford [FeII(SBPy3)(MeCN)]2+ (SBPy3 = N, N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine- N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-aldimine), when irradiated with near-UV light. The loss of a mass equivalent to the glycyl group in a process involving consecutive C-C and C-N cleavages is documented by the measurement of the sequential production of CO2 and formaldehyde, respectively. Time-resolved UV-vis absorption, Mössbauer, EPR, and Raman spectroscopy have allowed the spectroscopic characterization of two iron-based intermediates along the pathway. The first of these, proposed to be a low-spin iron(II)-radical ligand complex, reacts with O2 in the rate-determining step to produce a putative alkylperoxide complex. DFT calculations suggest that this evolves into an Fe(IV)-oxo species, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from a cis methylene group of the ligand to give the second spectroscopically identified intermediate, a high-spin iron(III)-hydroxide of the product oxidized ligand, [FeIII(OH)(SBPy3)]2+. Reduction and exchange of the cohydroxo/water ligand produces the crystallographically characterized products [FeII(SBPy3)(X)]2+/3+, X = MeCN, [Zn(tpena)]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.,Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , AG Groningen 9747 , The Netherlands
| | - Víctor M Fernández-Alvarez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Adiran de Aguirre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Cathrine Frandsen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , AG Groningen 9747 , The Netherlands
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain.,Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Christine J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Boreddy SKR, Kawamura K, Tachibana E. Long-term (2001-2013) observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds over the western North Pacific: trends, seasonality and source apportionment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8518. [PMID: 28819124 PMCID: PMC5561035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the impact of East Asian pollutants on the molecular composition of marine organic aerosols, we conducted long-term (2001-2013) observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in total suspended particulate samples collected at Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific (WNP). Seasonal variations of all the diacids and related compounds showed maxima in winter and spring and minima in summer, except for azelaic acid (C9), which maximized in summer to autumn. The overall annual concentrations of the total diacids, ω-oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls showed an increase during 2001-2013. We found a significant (p < 0.05) decadal increase in the inter-annual trends of pyruvic and glyoxylic (p > 0.05) acids, and methylglyoxal (MeGly). In contrast, phthalic acid (p < 0.05) and glyoxal (Gly) showed a decrease in their trends. We also found a significant decrease in the trend of the Gly/MeGly mass ratios. These results demonstrate that the enhanced concentrations of diacids over the WNP are majorly attributed to the aqueous-phase photooxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds from East Asia followed by long-range atmospheric transport. Further, positive matrix factorization analysis showed a biogenic photochemical contribution (42%) was the dominant source of oxalic acid in the WNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K R Boreddy
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19, W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto- cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Eri Tachibana
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19, W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Chu B, Liggio J, Liu Y, He H, Takekawa H, Li SM, Hao J. Influence of metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation on secondary organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40311. [PMID: 28059151 PMCID: PMC5216392 DOI: 10.1038/srep40311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic component is the most abundant fraction of atmospheric submicron particles, while the formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are not fully understood. The effects of sulfate seed aerosols on SOA formation were investigated with a series of experiments carried out using a 9 m3 smog chamber. The presence of FeSO4 or Fe2(SO4)3 seed aerosols decreased SOA yields and increased oxidation levels in both ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene compared to that in the presence of ZnSO4 or (NH4)2SO4. These findings were explained by metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation of organics: reactive radicals were generated on FeSO4 or Fe2(SO4)3 seed aerosols and reacted further with the organic mass. This effect would help to explain the high O/C ratios of organics in ambient particles that thus far cannot be reproduced in laboratory and model studies. In addition, the gap in the SOA yields between experiments with different seed aerosols was more significant in OH-oxidation experiments compared to ozonolysis experiments, while the gap in estimated O/C ratios was less obvious. This may have resulted from the different chemical compositions and oxidation levels of the SOA generated in the two systems, which affect the branching ratio of functionalization and fragmentation during aerosol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - John Liggio
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hideto Takekawa
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratory, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Enrichment of 13C in diacids and related compounds during photochemical processing of aqueous aerosols: New proxy for organic aerosols aging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36467. [PMID: 27811980 PMCID: PMC5095555 DOI: 10.1038/srep36467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the applicability of compound specific stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of organics in assessment of their photochemical aging in the atmosphere, batch UV irradiation experiments were conducted on two ambient (anthropogenic and biogenic) aerosol samples in aqueous phase for 0.5–120 h. The irradiated samples were analyzed for δ13C of diacids, glyoxylic acid (ωC2) and glyoxal. δ13C of diacids and related compounds became larger with irradiation time (i.e., aging), except for few cases. In general, δ13C of C2-C4 diacids showed an increasing trend with decreasing chain length. Based on δ13C of diacids and related compounds and their relations to their concentrations, we found that C2 and C3 are enriched with 13C during the photochemical decomposition and production from their higher homologues and oxoacids. Photochemical breakdown of higher (≥C3) to lower diacids is also important in the enrichment of 13C in C3-C9 diacids whereas their production from primary precursors causes depletion of 13C. In case of ωC2 and glyoxal, their photochemical production and further oxidation to highly oxygenated compounds both cause the enrichment of 13C. This study reveals that δ13C of diacids and related compounds can be used as a proxy to trace the aging of organic aerosols during long-range atmospheric transport.
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Vinatier V, Wirgot N, Joly M, Sancelme M, Abrantes M, Deguillaume L, Delort AM. Siderophores in Cloud Waters and Potential Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry: Production by Microorganisms Isolated at the Puy de Dôme Station. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9315-9323. [PMID: 27479540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 450 bacteria and yeast strains isolated from cloud waters sampled at the puy de Dôme station in France (1465 m) were screened for their ability to produce siderophores. To achieve this, a high-throughput method in 96-well plates was adapted from the CAS (chrome azurol S) method. Notably, 42% of the isolates were siderophore producers. This production was examined according to the phyla of the tested strains and the type of chelating functional groups (i.e., hydroxamate, catechol, and mixed type). The most active bacteria in the clouds belong to the γ-Proteobacteria class, among which the Pseudomonas genus is the most frequently encountered. γ-Proteobacteria are produced in the majority of mixed function siderophores, such as pyoverdines, which bear a photoactive group. Finally, siderophore production was shown to vary with the origin of the air masses. The organic speciation of iron remains largely unknown in warm clouds. Our results suggest that siderophores could partly chelate Fe(III) in cloud waters and thus potentially impact the chemistry of the atmospheric aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vinatier
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Nolwenn Wirgot
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
- L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Martine Sancelme
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Magali Abrantes
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Anne-Marie Delort
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
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28
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Passananti M, Vinatier V, Delort AM, Mailhot G, Brigante M. Siderophores in Cloud Waters and Potential Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry: Photoreactivity of Iron Complexes under Sun-Simulated Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9324-32. [PMID: 27487120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the photoreactivity of a mixture of iron(III)–pyoverdin (Fe(III)–Pyo) complexes was investigated under simulated cloud conditions. Pyoverdins are expected to complex ferric ions naturally present in cloudwater, thus modifying their availability and photoreactivity. The spectroscopic properties and photoreactivity of Fe(III)-Pyo were investigated, with particular attention to their fate under solar irradiation, also studied through simulations. The photolysis of the Fe(III)–Pyo complex leads to the generation of Fe(II), with rates of formation (RFe(II)f) of 6.98 and 3.96 × 10–9 M s–1 at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. Interestingly, acetate formation was observed during the iron-complex photolysis, suggesting that fragmentation can occur after the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) via a complex reaction mechanism. Moreover, photogenerated Fe(II) represent an important source of hydroxyl radical via the Fenton reaction in cloudwater. This reactivity might be relevant for the estimation of the rates of formation and steady-state concentrations of the hydroxyl radical by cloud chemistry models and for organic matter speciation in the cloud aqueous phase. In fact, the conventional models, which describe the iron photoreactivity in terms of iron–aqua and oxalate complexes, are not in accordance with our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Passananti
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Virginie Vinatier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Anne-Marie Delort
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, France
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29
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Carbon kinetic isotope effects at natural abundances during iron-catalyzed photolytic cleavage of C C bonds in aqueous phase α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Laskin A, Gilles MK, Knopf DA, Wang B, China S. Progress in the Analysis of Complex Atmospheric Particles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:117-43. [PMID: 27306308 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of recent advances in field and laboratory studies of atmospheric particles formed in processes of environmental air-surface interactions. The overarching goal of these studies is to advance predictive understanding of atmospheric particle composition, particle chemistry during aging, and their environmental impacts. The diversity between chemical constituents and lateral heterogeneity within individual particles adds to the chemical complexity of particles and their surfaces. Once emitted, particles undergo transformation via atmospheric aging processes that further modify their complex composition. We highlight a range of modern analytical approaches that enable multimodal chemical characterization of particles with both molecular and lateral specificity. When combined, these approaches provide a comprehensive arsenal of tools for understanding the nature of particles at air-surface interactions and their reactivity and transformations with atmospheric aging. We discuss applications of these novel approaches in recent studies and highlight additional research areas to explore the environmental effects of air-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
| | - Mary K Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Daniel A Knopf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
| | - Swarup China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;
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31
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Wittmer J, Bleicher S, Zetzsch C. Iron(III)-Induced Activation of Chloride and Bromide from Modeled Salt Pans. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4373-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wittmer
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sergej Bleicher
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cornelius Zetzsch
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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