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Wang Y, Cheng F, Liu J, Cai W, Ji J, Cai C, Fu Y. "Flexible-strong" polylactic acid porous membrane via tailored polymerization degree of lactic acid side-chains grafting for passive daytime radiative cooler. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131653. [PMID: 38631568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aerogel possesses the advantages of high specific surface area, low density, and high porosity, which have shown great application in thermal regulation due to its efficient light scattering capability. However, traditional polymer-based aerogels have poor mechanical properties and lack ductility in outdoor applications, the cooling efficiency of the material is easily affected by damage during transportation, installation, and environmental factors. In this work, combining the porous nature of aerogels and the high ductility of membranes, a polylactic acid-based porous membrane cooler was developed by combining a regular honeycomb surface porous structure design and physical/chemical modification to enhance flexibility, using a simple non-solvent induced phase separation method. This porous membrane exhibits both super-flexibility (116 % elongation at break) and porous characteristics. It achieves a sub-ambient temperature decrease of 4-6 °C under direct sunlight. The optimized porous membrane demonstrates high solar reflectance (94 % of peak reflectivity, 90 % of average reflectivity) and strong infrared emissivity (96 % of peak emissivity, 91 % of average emissivity), it also maintains a solar peak reflectivity of 91 % under 100 % tensile strain and 1000 bending cycles, the cooler still maintains a cooling effect of 2-5 °C below ambient temperature. This work paves the way for developing mechanical flexible and strong radiative coolers for thermal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Fulin Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Wanquan Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chenyang Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Yu Fu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Heilgeist S, Sahin O, Sekine R, Stewart RA. Catching nano: Evaluating the fate and behaviour of nano-TiO 2 in swimming pools through dynamic simulation modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118786. [PMID: 37591104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Engineered titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in consumer products such as sunscreens widely used by swimmers in aquatic settings have raised concerns about their potential adverse impact on ecosystems and human health due to their small size and unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, this research paper aims to investigate the fate and behaviour of nano-TiO2 from sunscreens in swimming pools using System Dynamics Modelling. The study developed a dynamic simulation model that considers various factors, including weather conditions, sunscreen and pool usage behaviour, filtration efficacy, pool maintenance, water chemistry, pool chemicals, and TiO2 concentration levels, which can affect exposure levels for different scenarios. The study considered non-linear interdependent relationships, feedback structures, and temporal changes and dealt with parameter uncertainties through Monte Carlo analyses. The results reveal that the regular use of sunscreen leads to nano-TiO2 concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/L within a year, reflecting seasonal and pool usage variations. The study also found that changes in the weight percentage of TiO2 in the sunscreen formulation and the filtration duration per day are the most sensitive factors affecting TiO2 concentrations. Scenario analyses exploring different nano-TiO2 removal strategies suggested that one daily turnover is necessary for sufficient removal. Regular manual pool maintenance and monthly use of a pool clarifier are recommended for enhanced and accelerated removal without substantial additional costs. The study is novel in its integrated approach, combining empirical work with dynamic simulations, resulting in a novel approach to model the environmental fate and behaviour of nano-TiO2. The study makes important methodological contributions to the field and has initiated an interdisciplinary collaboration to create more accurate models. This study is of great significance as it presents a pioneering analysis of the impact of sunscreen properties, user behaviour, and environmental stressors on the fate and behaviour of nano-TiO2 in swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Heilgeist
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Oz Sahin
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia; Capability Systems Centre, University of New South Wales-Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Ryo Sekine
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay Campus, Petrie, QLD, 4502, Australia
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia
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3
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Dispersion of submicron-sized SiO2/Al2O3-coated TiO2 particles and efficient encapsulation via the emulsion copolymerization of methacrylates using a thermoresponsive polymerizable nonionic surfactant. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Bland GD, Zhang P, Valsami-Jones E, Lowry GV. Application of Isotopically Labeled Engineered Nanomaterials for Detection and Quantification in Soils via Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15584-15593. [PMID: 36255450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Finding and quantifying engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in soil are challenging because of the abundance of natural nanomaterials (NNMs) with the same elemental composition, for example, TiO2. Isotopically enriched ENMs may be distinguished from NNMs with the same elemental composition using single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOF-MS) to measure multiple isotopes simultaneously within each ENM and NNM in soil, but the minimum isotope enrichment needed for detection of ENMs in soil is not known. Here, we determined the isotope enrichment needed for 47Ti-enriched TiO2 ENMs to be detectable in soil and assessed the effects of weathering on those requirements for less soluble TiO2 and more soluble CuO ENMs. The isotope-enriched ENMs were dosed into two different soils and were extracted and measured by spICP-TOF-MS after 1, 7, and 30 days. Isotope-enriched ENMs were recovered and detected for all three time points. The 47Ti-enriched TiO2 ENMs were detectable in Lufa 2.2 soil at a nominal dosed concentration of 10 mg-TiO2 kg-1 which is an environmentally relevant concentration in biosolid-amended soils. For distinguishing an ∼70 nm diameter TiO2 ENM from TiO2 NNMs in Lufa 2.2 soil, an ∼10 wt % 47Ti isotope-enrichment was required, and this enrichment requirement increases as the particle size decreases. This study is the first to evaluate the tracking ability of isotope-enriched ENMs at an individual particle level in soil and provides guidance on the isotope enrichment requirements for quantification of ENMs made from Earth-abundant elements in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret D Bland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
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5
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Nica IC, Miu BA, Stan MS, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. Could Iron-Nitrogen Doping Modulate the Cytotoxicity of TiO 2 Nanoparticles? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:770. [PMID: 35269258 PMCID: PMC8912011 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are found in several products on the market that include paints, smart textiles, cosmetics and food products. Besides these, TiO2 NPs are intensively researched for their use in biomedicine, agriculture or installations to produce energy. Taking into account that several risks have been associated with the use of TiO2 NPs, our aim was to provide TiO2 NPs with improved qualities and lower toxicity to humans and the environment. Pure TiO2 P25 NPs and the same NPs co-doped with iron (1%) and nitrogen atoms (P25-Fe(1%)-N NPs) by hydrothermal treatment to increase the photocatalytic activity in the visible light spectrum were in vitro evaluated in the presence of human lung cells. After 24 and 72 h of incubation, the oxidative stress was initiated in a time- and dose-dependent manner with major differences between pure P25 and P25-Fe(1%)-N NPs as revealed by malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels. Additionally, a lower dynamic of autophagic vacuoles formation was observed in cells exposed to Fe-N-doped P25 NPs compared to the pure ones. Therefore, our results suggest that Fe-N doping of TiO2 NPs can represent a valuable alternative to the conventional P25 Degussa particles in industrial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Cristina Nica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (B.A.M.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Miu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (B.A.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (B.A.M.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Diamandescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP), Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (B.A.M.); (A.D.)
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6
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Yu Y, Sintim HY, Astner AF, Hayes DG, Bary A, Zelenyuk A, Qafoku O, Kovarik L, Flury M. Enhanced Transport of TiO 2 in Unsaturated Sand and Soil after Release from Biodegradable Plastic during Composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2398-2406. [PMID: 35119274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics can reach full degradation when disposed of appropriately and thus alleviate plastic pollution caused by conventional plastics. However, additives can be released into the environment during degradation and the fate of these additives can be affected by the degradation process. Here, we characterized TiO2 particles released from a biodegradable plastic mulch during composting and studied the transport of the mulch-released TiO2 particles in inert sand and agricultural soil columns under unsaturated flow conditions. TiO2 particles (238 nm major axis and 154 nm minor axis) were released from the biodegradable plastic mulch in both single-particle and cluster forms. The mulch-released TiO2 particles were fully retained in unsaturated soil columns due to attachment onto the solid-water interface and straining. However, in unsaturated sand columns, the mulch-released TiO2 particles were highly mobile. A comparison with the pristine TiO2 revealed that the mobility of the mulch-released TiO2 particles was enhanced by humic acid present in the compost residues, which blocked attachment sites and imposed steric repulsion. This study demonstrates that TiO2 particles can be released during composting of biodegradable plastics and the transport potential of the plastic-released TiO2 particles in the terrestrial environment can be enhanced by compost residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yu
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Henry Y Sintim
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia 31793, United States
| | - Anton F Astner
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Douglas G Hayes
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Andrew Bary
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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7
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Moloi MS, Lehutso RF, Erasmus M, Oberholster PJ, Thwala M. Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2868. [PMID: 34835631 PMCID: PMC8618637 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) elevates the potential environmental release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) along the product life cycle. The current review examined the state of the art literature on aquatic environment exposure and ecotoxicity of product released (PR) engineered nanomaterials (PR-ENMs). Additionally, the data obtained were applied to estimate the risk posed by PR-ENMs to various trophic levels of aquatic biota as a means of identifying priority NEPs cases that may require attention with regards to examining environmental implications. Overall, the PR-ENMs are predominantly associated with the matrix of the respective NEPs, a factor that often hinders proper isolation of nano-driven toxicity effects. Nevertheless, some studies have attributed the toxicity basis of observed adverse effects to a combination of the released ions, ENMs and other components of NEPs. Notwithstanding the limitation of current ecotoxicology data limitations, the risk estimated herein points to an elevated risk towards fish arising from fabrics' PR-nAg, and the considerable potential effects from sunscreens' PR-nZnO and PR-nTiO2 to algae, echinoderms, and crustaceans (PR-nZnO), whereas PR-nTiO2 poses no significant risk to echinoderms. Considering that the current data limitations will not be overcome immediately, we recommend the careful application of similar risk estimation to isolate/prioritise cases of NEPs for detailed characterisation of ENMs' release and effects in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Mariana Erasmus
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa;
| | - Paul Johan Oberholster
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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8
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Dedman CJ, King AM, Christie-Oleza JA, Davies GL. Environmentally relevant concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles pose negligible risk to marine microbes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2021; 8:1236-1255. [PMID: 34046180 PMCID: PMC8136324 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) represents the highest produced nanomaterial by mass worldwide and, due to its prevalent industrial and commercial use, it inevitably reaches the natural environment. Previous work has revealed a negative impact of nTiO2 upon marine phytoplankton growth, however, studies are typically carried out at concentrations far exceeding those measured and predicted to occur in the environment currently. Here, a series of experiments were carried out to assess the effects of both research-grade nTiO2 and nTiO2 extracted from consumer products upon the marine dominant cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus, and natural marine communities at environmentally relevant and supra-environmental concentrations (i.e., 1 μg L-1 to 100 mg L-1). Cell declines observed in Prochlorococcus cultures were associated with the extensive aggregation behaviour of nTiO2 in saline media and the subsequent entrapment of microbial cells. Hence, higher concentrations of nTiO2 particles exerted a stronger decline of cyanobacterial populations. However, within natural oligotrophic seawater, cultures were able to recover over time as the nanoparticles aggregated out of solution after 72 h. Subsequent shotgun proteomic analysis of Prochlorococcus cultures exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations confirmed minimal molecular features of toxicity, suggesting that direct physical effects are responsible for short-term microbial population decline. In an additional experiment, the diversity and structure of natural marine microbial communities showed negligible variations when exposed to environmentally relevant nTiO2 concentrations (i.e., 25 μg L-1). As such, the environmental risk of nTiO2 towards marine microbial species appears low, however the potential for adverse effects in hotspots of contamination exists. In future, research must be extended to consider any effect of other components of nano-enabled product formulations upon nanomaterial fate and impact within the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Dedman
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Coventry CV4 7EQ UK
| | - Aaron M King
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5 CP: 07122 Palma Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) CP: 07190 Esporles Spain
| | - Gemma-Louise Davies
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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9
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Mittal K, Rahim AA, George S, Ghoshal S, Basu N. Characterizing the effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles released from painted surfaces due to weathering on zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:527-541. [PMID: 33756094 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1897173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver (nAg) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are common engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) added into paint for their antimicrobial and whitening properties, respectively. Weathering of outdoor painted surfaces can release such ENPs, though little is known about the potential effects of released ENPs on aquatic species. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxicity of nAg and nTiO2 released from painted panels using fish liver cells (CRL2643) and zebrafish embryos (OECD 236 embryotoxicity test). Cells and embryos were exposed to suspensions of pristine nAg or nTiO2, panels (unpainted or painted with nAg or nTiO2) or base paint, after sonication. Cell viability and gene expression were assessed using resazurin assay and qPCR, respectively, while embryo mortality and deformities were scored visually via microscopic examination. In the cell studies, both paint-released nanoparticles did not affect viability, but paint-released nAg resulted in differential expression of a few genes including gclc and ncf1. In embryos, paint-released nAg increased mortality and incidence of deformities, whereas paint-released nTiO2 resulted in differential expression of several genes including gclc, ncf1, txnrd1, gpx1b, and cyp1c1 but without major phenotypic abnormalities. Comparing the two types of exposures, paint-released exposures affected both molecular (gene expression) and apical (embryotoxicity) endpoints, while pristine exposures affected the expression of some genes but had no apical effects. The differing effects of paint-released and pristine nanoparticle exposures suggest that further research is needed to further understand how paint coatings (and the products of their weathering and aging) may influence nanoparticle toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Mittal
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Saji George
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Lehutso RF, Tancu Y, Maity A, Thwala M. Characterisation of Engineered Nanomaterials in Nano-Enabled Products Exhibiting Priority Environmental Exposure. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051370. [PMID: 33806400 PMCID: PMC7961725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Analytical limitations have constrained the determination of nanopollution character from real-world sources such as nano-enabled products (NEPs), thus hindering the development of environmental safety guidelines for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). This study examined the properties of ENMs in 18 commercial products: sunscreens, personal care products, clothing, and paints—products exhibiting medium to a high potential for environmental nanopollution. It was found that 17 of the products contained ENMs; 9, 3, 3, and 2 were incorporated with nTiO2, nAg, binaries of nZnO + nTiO2, and nTiO2 + nAg, respectively. Commonly, the nTiO2 were elongated or angular, whereas nAg and nZnO were near-spherical and angular in morphology, respectively. The size ranges (width × length) were 7–48 × 14–200, 34–35 × 37–38, and 18–28 nm for nTiO2, nZnO, and nAg respectively. All ENMs were negatively charged. The total concentration of Ti, Zn, and Ag in the NEPs were 2.3 × 10−4–4.3%, 3.4–4.3%, and 1.0 × 10−4–11.3 × 10−3%, respectively. The study determined some key ENM characteristics required for environmental risk assessment; however, challenges persist regarding the accurate determination of the concentration in NEPs. Overall, the study confirmed NEPs as actual sources of nanopollution; hence, scenario-specific efforts are recommended to quantify their loads into water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisibe Florence Lehutso
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (R.F.L.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Yolanda Tancu
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (R.F.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Arjun Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
- DST/CSIR, Centre for Nanostructure and Advanced Materials (CeNAM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (R.F.L.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-841-3859
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11
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Schwirn K, Voelker D, Galert W, Quik J, Tietjen L. Environmental Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials in the Light of New Obligations Under the REACH Regulation: Which Challenges Remain and How to Approach Them? INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:706-717. [PMID: 32175661 PMCID: PMC7497025 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Within the European regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH, EC No 1907/2006) specific provisions for nanomaterials were included, which have become effective on 1 January 2020. Although knowledge on the peculiarities of testing and assessing fate and effects of nanomaterials in the environment strongly increased in the last years, uncertainties about how to perform a reliable and robust environmental risk assessment for nanomaterials still remain. These uncertainties are of special relevance in a regulatory context, challenging both industry and regulators. The present paper presents current challenges in regulatory hazard and exposure assessment under REACH, as well as classification of nanomaterials, and makes proposals to address them. Still, the nanospecific considerations made here are expected to also be valid for environmental risk assessment approaches in other regulations of chemical safety. Inter alia, these proposals include a way forward to account for exposure concentrations in aquatic toxicity test systems, a discussion of how to account for availability of dissolving nanomaterials in aquatic test systems, and a pragmatic proposal to deduce effect data for soil organisms. Furthermore, it specifies how to potentially deal with nanoforms under the European regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) and outlines the needs for proper exposure assessments of nanomaterials from a regulatory perspective. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:706-717. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Voelker
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau RoßlauGermany
| | - Wiebke Galert
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau RoßlauGermany
| | - Joris Quik
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoventhe Netherlands
| | - Lars Tietjen
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau RoßlauGermany
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12
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Shen X, Sun X, Liu J, Hang J, Jin L, Shi L. A facile strategy to achieve monodispersity and stability of pigment TiO 2 particles in low viscosity systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 581:586-594. [PMID: 32814186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable dispersion of TiO2 particle is very desirable for its practical applications in various fields. It is a big challenge to stabilize pigment TiO2 with relatively large size (200-300 nm) in low viscosity (~10 cP) systems. In the current work, we introduced a general strategy using a hydrophobic-hydrophilic structure to achieve single-dispersed TiO2 particles with long storage stability in low viscosity systems. The modified TiO2 particles (~250 nm) can be re-dispersed into water/glycol ethers mixture to form single dispersed suspension without any additives. Our study shows that the dispersion can be stable at least 60 days at room temperature and the rheological property is similar to the Newtonian fluids showing an extremely low yield stress at relatively high solid concentration. This work is expected to introduce a new strategy to improve the dispersion stability of the large size nanoparticles in low viscosity systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Shen
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Hang
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Lujiang Jin
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Nano-Science & Technology Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Abbas Q, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Munir MAM, El-Naggar A, Rinklebe J, Naushad M. Transformation pathways and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in distinct interactive environmental compartments: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105646. [PMID: 32179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing production and use of nano-enabled commercial products release the massive amount of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the environment. An increasing number of recent studies have shown the toxic effects of ENPs on different organisms, raising concerns over the nano-pollutants behavior and fate in the various environmental compartments. After the release of ENPs in the environment, ENPs interact with various components of the environment and undergoes dynamic transformation processes. This review focus on ENPs transformations in the various environmental compartments. The transformation processes of ENPs are interrelated to multiple environmental aspects. Physical, chemical and biological processes such as the homo- or hetero-agglomeration, dissolution/sedimentation, adsorption, oxidation, reduction, sulfidation, photochemically and biologically mediated reactions mainly occur in the environment consequently changes the mobility and bioavailability of ENPs. Physico-chemical characteristics of ENPs (particle size, surface area, zeta potential/surface charge, colloidal stability, and core-shell composition) and environmental conditions (pH, ionic strength, organic and inorganic colloids, temperature, etc.) are the most important parameters which regulated the ENPs environmental transformations. Meanwhile, in the environment, organisms encountered multiple transformed ENPs rather than the pristine nanomaterials due to their interactions with various environmental materials and other pollutants. Thus it is the utmost importance to study the behavior of transformed ENPs to understand their environmental fate, bioavailability, and mode of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Balal Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bld#5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jung KY. Aerosol synthesis of TiO 2:Er 3+/Yb 3+ submicron-sized spherical particles and upconversion optimization for application as anti-counterfeiting materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16323-16329. [PMID: 35498821 PMCID: PMC9052833 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Er3+/Yb3+-doped TiO2 up-conversion (UC) phosphors were prepared by spray pyrolysis, and the UC luminescence properties were optimized by changing the calcination temperature and the concentration of Er3+ and Yb3+ dopants. TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ showed green and red emissions due to the 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition and the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions, respectively. The R/G ratio between red (R) and green (G) emissions does not change significantly with Er concentration but increases linearly with increasing Yb3+ concentration. The dependence of UC luminescence intensity on 980 nm IR pumping power showed that both the red and green UC luminescence of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ occurred through a typical two-photon process. In terms of achieving the highest red UC emission intensity, the optimal Er3+ and Yb3+ contents are 0.3% and 7.0%, respectively. The UC intensity of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ particles increases until they are calcined at temperatures up to 600 °C and then decreases rapidly above 800 °C. This is because when the calcination temperature is 800 °C and higher, not only does the phase transition of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ occur from anatase to rutile, but also the Yb2Ti2O7 impurity phase is formed. According to SEM and TEM/EDX analysis, the prepared TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ UC powders have an average particle size of 680 nm, a spherical shape with a dense structure, and Er and Yb are uniformly dispersed throughout the particles without local separation. A mark prepared using TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ powder was found to have a UC emission high enough to be visually observed when irradiated with a portable 980 nm IR lamp. TiO2:Er/Yb spherical particles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and their luminescence was optimized for application as anti-counterfeiting materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Youl Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University 1224-24 Cheonan-Daero, Seobuk-gu Cheonan Chungnam 31080 Republic of Korea
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15
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Bosi A, Ciccola A, Serafini I, Guiso M, Ripanti F, Postorino P, Curini R, Bianco A. Street art graffiti: Discovering their composition and alteration by FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117474. [PMID: 31454690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paints used in street art are modern materials subjected to degradation processes, which are very complex and difficult to predict without taking into account of several factors. This study investigates three outdoor murals in Lazio, - namely "graffiti", a word now used to indicate a spontaneous street art tendency consisting in images and writings realized by spray paints in public spaces to provoke passersby -with the aim to discover materials application techniques and chemical composition and figure out whether alteration phenomena occurred. Twenty-two samples were collected, and their stratigraphy was studied by optical microscopy. Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify binders and their degradation products in paints and preparatory layers, while for characterization of organic pigments used in all different stratigraphy layers of samples micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses was carried out. Furthermore, micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed to study an unusual patina formed on the surface of a pink paint. This information is useful for artists as well as for conservators, who must face numerous issues related to the preservation of this modern and labile kind of artistic expression, very fashionable nowadays but often created without care for materials duration. Conservation issues were also deepened by interviews with several contemporary mural authors. Artists underlined how contemporary murals are a very heterogeneous means of expression. Different cultural tendencies coexisting result in different attitude towards conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Bosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ciccola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Serafini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Guiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ripanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Postorino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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16
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Akram MW, Raziq F, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Aziz MH, Alimgeer K, Atif M, Amir M, Hanif A, Aslam Farooq W. Tailoring of Au-TiO2 nanoparticles conjugated with doxorubicin for their synergistic response and photodynamic therapy applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Xu Z, Tang T, Cheng H, Bao Q, Yu J, Zhang C, Wu T, Zhao X, Schramm KW, Wang Y. Negligible effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations on the translocation and accumulation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in hydroponically grown pumpkin seedlings (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:171-178. [PMID: 31176816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely distributed in the environment. It has been demonstrated that TiO2-NPs could modify the environmental fate and bioavailability of organic pollutants, which affects ecological risks of TiO2-NPs and organic pollutants. In this study, the uptake, translocation and accumulation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in pumpkin plants was investigated in the presence of TiO2-NPs. We reported for the first time the negligible effects of TiO2-NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05-5 mg/L) on the uptake and accumulation of PFOA and PFOS in hydroponically grown pumpkin seedlings regardless of root, stem and leaf. This phenomenon was independent of the initial concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and TiO2-NPs in the exposure solution. Also, seedling mass and contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin were not affected by the co-exposure. Adsorption tests demonstrated the negligible adsorption of PFOA/PFOS on TiO2-NPs in the exposure solution. Moreover, uptake of PFOA/PFOS was insensitive to aquaporin inhibitor AgNO3 but significantly inhibited by niflumic acid (anion channel blocker) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (metabolic inhibitor) whereas Ti concentration in root was not affected by niflumic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol but significantly decreased by AgNO3, indicating that transport of PFOA/PFOS and TiO2-NPs were via different routes into the pumpkin seedling. It was proposed that different pathways by which TiO2-NPs and PFOA/PFOS transported into the pumpkin seedling and negligible adsorption of PFOA/PFOS on TiO2-NPs contributed to the negligible effects of TiO2-NPs on the uptake, translocation and accumulation of PFOA/PFOS in pumpkin seedlings. In total, this work would improve our understanding of the ecological risks of TiO2-NPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Haixiang Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qibei Bao
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich - National Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg D85764, Germany; Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung und Landnutzung, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, Freising D85350, Germany
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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18
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Fichera O, Alpan L, Laloy J, Tabarrant T, Uhrner U, Ye Q, Mejia J, Dogné JM, Lucas S. Characterization of water-based paints containing titanium dioxide or carbon black as manufactured nanomaterials before and after atomization. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Wang P, Wang C, Ao Y. Effects of interactions between humic acid and heavy metal ions on the aggregation of TiO 2 nanoparticles in water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:834-844. [PMID: 30856499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), heavy metal and natural organic matter (NOM) may simultaneously exist in the aquatic environment, where they will affect the behavior of each other and may enhance their toxicities. Studies on the influences of interactions between NOM and heavy metal ions on the behavior of NPs are scarce. In this study, combined effects of Pb2+ and HA on the aggregation behavior of TiO2 NPs in water environment were investigated by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The results illustrated that interactions between Pb2+ and HA could case the aggregation of TiO2 NPs obviously. The concurrence of Pb2+ and HA resulted in decreased critical coagulation concentration (CCC) and increased attachment efficiencies. Meanwhile, we found that the addition sequences of HA and heavy metal clearly influenced the aggregation kinetics of TiO2 NPs. At different addition sequences, the complex reaction between Pb2+ and HA changed the surface charge of TiO2 NPs, and caused the different aggregation behavior which depended on the complex locations and complex sites. Furthermore, the excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra was used to verify the significant effects of the complex interactions between Pb2+ and HA on the aggregation of TiO2 NPs. Our results would be significant for interpreting TiO2 behavior in the complicated water system. The complexation between Pb2+ and HA promoted the aggregation of TiO2 NPs, meanwhile, complex locations and complex sites played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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20
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Souza IDC, Mendes VAS, Duarte ID, Rocha LD, Azevedo VC, Matsumoto ST, Elliott M, Wunderlin DA, Monferrán MV, Fernandes MN. Nanoparticle transport and sequestration: Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a neotropical fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:798-808. [PMID: 30583175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) with rutile crystalline form and dimensions varying from 43 to 67 nm × 64 to 93 nm are reported for the first time as being sequestered from the environment. TiO2-NP were identified inside all organs/tissues (muscle, kidney, gonad, hepatopancreas and gill) in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the neotropical fish Centropomus parallelus, captured in an area affected by metallurgical activity. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) sampled in the same area showed the presence of TiO2-NP with the same rutile crystalline form and dimensions varying from 16 to 93 nm × 45 to 193 nm, thus indicating the smelting and iron processing industries as the most probable source of TiO2-NP. In any sample, chemical analyses identify and quantify Ti concentration and nanocrystallography identified the structure of TiO2-NP. The Ti concentration in the sediment and atmospheric PM varied between years and it was mirrored by the Ti concentration in the fish organs. The gill has a higher Ti concentration varying from 5.50 to 14.57 μg g-1 dry weight and the gonad was the organ with lowest Ti level, 0.25 to 0.87 μg g-1 dry weight. In the muscles, Ti concentration varied from 0.85 to 3.34 μg g-1 dry weight. This contamination may be likely to affect the surrounding biota and food uptake, including the humans living in the city close to the metallurgical complex. These findings emphasised the needs to improve methods to reduce PM (including nanoparticles) arising from human activities and to evaluate the toxicokinetic and effects of TiO2-NP in the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara da C Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPG-ERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Vitor A S Mendes
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian D Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Livia D Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia T Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cdad. Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cdad. Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPG-ERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Arvidsson R, Baun A, Furberg A, Hansen SF, Molander S. Proxy Measures for Simplified Environmental Assessment of Manufactured Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13670-13680. [PMID: 30422633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proxy measures have been proposed as a low-data option for simplified assessment of environmental threat given the high complexity of the natural environment. We here review studies of environmental release, fate, toxicity, and risk to identify relevant proxy measures for manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs). In total, 18 potential proxy measures were identified and evaluated regarding their link to environmental risk, an aspect of relevance, and data availability, an aspect of practice. They include socio-technical measures (e.g., MNM release), particle-specific measures (e.g., particle size), partitioning coefficients (e.g., the octanol-water coefficient), and other fate-related measures (e.g., half-life) as well as various ecotoxicological measures (e.g., 50% effect concentration). For most identified proxy measures, the link to environmental risk was weak and data availability low. Two exceptions were global production volume and ecotoxicity, for which the links to environmental risk are strong and data availability relatively decent. As proof of concept, these were employed to assess seven MNMs: titanium dioxide, cerium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver, silicon dioxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The results show that none of the MNMs have both high production volumes and high ecotoxicity. Several refinements of the assessment are possible, such as higher resolution regarding the MNMs assessed (e.g., different allotropes) and different metrics (e.g., particle number and surface area). The proof of concept shows the feasibility of using proxy measures for environmental assessment of MNMs, in particular for novel MNMs in early technological development, when data is particularly scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Arvidsson
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis , Chalmers University of Technology , Vera Sandbergs Allé 8 , 412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anna Furberg
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis , Chalmers University of Technology , Vera Sandbergs Allé 8 , 412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sverker Molander
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis , Chalmers University of Technology , Vera Sandbergs Allé 8 , 412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
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22
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Xu F. Review of analytical studies on TiO 2 nanoparticles and particle aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:662-677. [PMID: 30173113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Comprehensive and accurate detection, characterization, and quantification of TiO2 NPs are important for understanding the specific property, behavior, fate, and potential risk of TiO2 NPs in natural and engineered environments. This review provides a summary of recent analytical studies of TiO2 NPs and their aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization under a wide range of conditions and processes. Much attention is paid on sample preparation prior to an analytical procedure, analysis of particle size, morphology, structure, state, chemical composition, surface properties, etc., via measurements of light scattering and zeta potential, microscopy, spectroscopy, and related techniques. Recently, some advanced techniques have also been explored to characterize TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in the environment. Many issues must be considered including distinction between engineered TiO2 NPs and their naturally occurring counterparts, lack of reference materials, interlaboratory comparison, when analyzing low concentrations of TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in complex matrices. No "ideal" technique has emerged as each technique has its own merits, biases, and limitations. Multi-method approach is highlighted to provide in-depth information. Improvements of analytical method for determination of TiO2 NPs have been recommended to be together with exposure modelers and ecotoxicologists for maximum individual and mutual benefit. Future work should focus on developing analytical technology with the advantages of being reliable, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and capable of in situ detection in complicated sample system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7431, USA.
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Adam V, Caballero-Guzman A, Nowack B. Considering the forms of released engineered nanomaterials in probabilistic material flow analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:17-27. [PMID: 30170204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most existing models for assessing the releases of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the environment are based on the assumption that ENMs remain in their pristine forms during their whole life cycle. It is known, however, that this is not always the case as ENMs are often embedded into solid matrices during manufacturing and can undergo physical or chemical transformations during their life cycle, e.g. upon release to wastewater. In this work, we present a method for systematically assessing the forms in which nano-Ag and nano-TiO2 flow through their life cycle (i.e. production, manufacturing, use and disposal) to their points of release to air, soil and surface water. Input data on the forms of released ENMs were probability distributions based on peer-reviewed literature. Release data were incorporated into a probabilistic material flow analysis model to quantify the proportions of ENMs in product-embedded, matrix-embedded, pristine, transformed and dissolved forms in all technical and environmental compartments into which they flow, at the European scale. Releases of nano-Ag to surface water and soil were modelled to occur primarily in transformed forms (Q25 and Q75 of 34-58% and 78-86%, respectively, with means of 53% and 82%), while releases to air were mostly in pristine and matrix-embedded forms (38-46% and 36-44%, respectively, with means of 42% and 40%). In contrast, nano-TiO2 releases to air, soil and water were estimated to be predominantly in pristine form (75-85%, 90-95%, 96-98%, respectively, with means of 80%, 91% and 97%). The distributions of ENM releases between forms developed here will improve the representativeness and appropriateness of input data for environmental fate modelling and risk assessment of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Adam
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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24
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Scifo L, Chaurand P, Bossa N, Avellan A, Auffan M, Masion A, Angeletti B, Kieffer I, Labille J, Bottero JY, Rose J. Non-linear release dynamics for a CeO 2 nanomaterial embedded in a protective wood stain, due to matrix photo-degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:182-193. [PMID: 29804051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The release of CeO2-bearing residues during the weathering of an acrylic stain enriched with CeO2 nanomaterial designed for wood protection (Nanobyk brand additive) was studied under two different scenarios: (i) a standard 12-weeks weathering protocol in climate chamber, that combined condensation, water spraying and UV-visible irradiation and (ii) an alternative accelerated 2-weeks leaching batch assay relying on the same weathering factors (water and UV), but with a higher intensity of radiation and immersion phases. Similar Ce released amounts were evidenced for both scenarios following two phases: one related to the removal of loosely bound material with a relatively limited release, and the other resulting from the degradation of the stain, where major release occurred. A non-linear evolution of the release with the UV dose was evidenced for the second phase. No stabilization of Ce emissions was reached at the end of the experiments. The two weathering tests led to different estimates of long-term Ce releases, and different degradations of the stain. Finally, the photo-degradations of the nanocomposite, the pure acrylic stains and the Nanobyk additive were compared. The incorporation of Nanobyk into the acrylic matrix significantly modified the response of the acrylic stain to weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorette Scifo
- Tecnalia-France, Montpellier, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mélanie Auffan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Armand Masion
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Bernard Angeletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Isabelle Kieffer
- OSUG-FAME, UMS 832 CNRS-Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Yves Bottero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Rose
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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González-Rodríguez V, Lizeth Zapata-Tello D, Vallejo-Montesinos J, Zárraga Núñez R, Amir Gonzalez-Calderon J, Pérez E. Improving titanium dioxide dispersion in water through surface functionalization by a dicarboxylic acid. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1496828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Lizeth Zapata-Tello
- Maestría en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP) , San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - Javier Vallejo-Montesinos
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato , Guanajuato , México
| | - Ramón Zárraga Núñez
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato , Guanajuato , Guanajuato , México
| | - José Amir Gonzalez-Calderon
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García Cubas s/n , Celaya , Guanajuato , México
| | - Elías Pérez
- Instituto de Física Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (IF-UASLP) , San Luis Potosí , México
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26
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Mandal J, Fu Y, Overvig AC, Jia M, Sun K, Shi NN, Zhou H, Xiao X, Yu N, Yang Y. Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. Science 2018; 362:315-319. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) involves spontaneously cooling a surface by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the cold outer space. Current PDRC designs are promising alternatives to electrical cooling but are either inefficient or have limited applicability. We present a simple, inexpensive, and scalable phase inversion–based method for fabricating hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) [P(VdF-HFP)HP] coatings with excellent PDRC capability. High, substrate-independent hemispherical solar reflectances (0.96 ± 0.03) and long-wave infrared emittances (0.97 ± 0.02) allow for subambient temperature drops of ~6°C and cooling powers of ~96 watts per square meter (W m−2) under solar intensities of 890 and 750 W m−2, respectively. The performance equals or surpasses those of state-of-the-art PDRC designs, and the technique offers a paint-like simplicity.
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27
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Son HY, Koo BI, Lee JB, Kim KR, Kim W, Jang J, Yoon MS, Cho JW, Nam YS. Tannin-Titanium Oxide Multilayer as a Photochemically Suppressed Ultraviolet Filter. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27344-27354. [PMID: 30039969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UV filters can initiate redox reactions of oxygen and water when exposed to sunlight, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that deteriorate the products containing them and cause biological damages. This photochemical reactivity originates from the high chemical potential of UV filters, which also determines the optical properties desirable for sunscreen applications. We hypothesize that this dilemma can be alleviated if the photochemical pathway of UV filters is altered to coupling with redox active molecules. Here, we employ tannic acid (TA) as a key molecule for controlling the photochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). TA provides an unusual way for layer-by-layer assembly of TiO2 NPs by the formation of a ligand-to-metal charge transfer complex that alters the nature of UV absorption of TiO2 NPs. The galloyl moieties of TA efficiently scavenge ROS due to the stabilization of ROS by intramolecular hydrogen bonding while facilitating UV screening through direct charge injection from TA to the conduction band of TiO2. The TiO2-TA multilayers assembled in open porous polymer microspheres substantially increased sun protection while dramatically reducing ROS under UV exposure. The assembled structure exhibits excellent in vivo anti-UV skin protection against epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and keratinocyte apoptosis without long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Bae Lee
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woojin Kim
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 30 Baekhak-1-gil , Jeongup 56212 , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihui Jang
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Moung Seok Yoon
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 30 Baekhak-1-gil , Jeongup 56212 , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
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28
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Morgeneyer M, Aguerre-Chariol O, Bressot C. STEM imaging to characterize nanoparticle emissions and help to design nanosafer paints. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Parks AN, Cantwell MG, Katz DR, Cashman MA, Luxton TP, Ho KT, Burgess RM. Assessing the release of copper from nanocopper-treated and conventional copper-treated lumber into marine waters I: Concentrations and rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1956-1968. [PMID: 29575152 PMCID: PMC6040830 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the release of metal engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from consumer goods, including lumber treated with micronized copper. Micronized copper is a recent form of antifouling wood preservative containing nanosized copper particles for use in pressure-treated lumber. The present study investigated the concentrations released and the release rate of total copper over the course of 133 d under freshwater, estuarine, and marine salinity conditions (0, 1, 10, and 30‰) for several commercially available pressure-treated lumbers: micronized copper azole (MCA) at 0.96 and 2.4 kg/m3 , alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) at 0.30 and 9.6 kg/m3 , and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) at 40 kg/m3 . Lumber was tested as blocks and as sawdust. Overall, copper was released from all treated lumber samples. Under leaching conditions, total release ranged from 2 to 55% of the measured copper originally in the lumber, with release rate constants from the blocks of 0.03 to 2.71 (units per day). Generally, measured release and modeled equilibrium concentrations were significantly higher in the estuarine conditions compared with freshwater or marine salinities, whereas rate constants showed very limited differences between salinities. Furthermore, organic carbon was released during the leaching and demonstrated a significant relationship with released copper concentrations as a function of salinity. The results indicate that copper is released into estuarine/marine waters from multiple wood treatments including lumber amended with nanoparticle-sized copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1956-1968. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Parks
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Mark G Cantwell
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - David R Katz
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michaela A Cashman
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Geosciences, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Todd P Luxton
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NRMRL, Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
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30
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Ellis LJA, Papadiamantis AG, Weigel S, Valsami-Jones E. Synthesis and characterization of Zr- and Hf-doped nano-TiO 2 as internal standards for analytical quantification of nanomaterials in complex matrices. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171884. [PMID: 30110412 PMCID: PMC6030338 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reliable quantification of nanomaterials (NMs) in complex matrices such as food, cosmetics and biological and environmental compartments can be challenging due to interactions with matrix components and analytical equipment (vials and tubing). The resulting losses along the analytical process (sampling, extraction, clean-up, separation and detection) hamper the quantification of the target NMs in these matrices as well as the compatibility of results and meaningful interpretations in safety assessments. These issues can be overcome by the addition of known amounts of internal/recovery standards to the sample prior to analysis. These standards need to replicate the behaviour of target analytes in the analytical process, which is mainly defined by the surface properties. Moreover, they need to carry a tag that can be quantified independently of the target analyte. As inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used for the identification and quantification of NMs, doping with isotopes, target analytes or with chemically related rare elements is a promising approach. We present the synthesis of a library of TiO2 NMs doped with hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) (both low in environmental abundance). Zirconia NMs doped with Hf were also synthesized to complement the library. NMs were synthesized with morphological and size properties similar to commercially available TiO2. Characterization included: transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller total specific surface area analysis, cryofixation scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and UV-visible spectrometry. The Ti : Hf and Ti : Zr ratios were verified and calculated using Rietveld refinement. The labelled NMs can serve as internal standards to track the extraction efficiency from complex matrices, and increase method robustness and traceability of characterization/quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Jayne A. Ellis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stefan Weigel
- RIKILT – Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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31
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Part F, Berge N, Baran P, Stringfellow A, Sun W, Bartelt-Hunt S, Mitrano D, Li L, Hennebert P, Quicker P, Bolyard SC, Huber-Humer M. A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 75:427-449. [PMID: 29477652 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant knowledge and data gaps associated with the fate of product-embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in waste management processes exist that limit our current ability to develop appropriate end-of-life management strategies. This review paper was developed as part of the activities of the IWWG ENMs in Waste Task Group. The specific objectives of this review paper are to assess the current knowledge associated with the fate of ENMs in commonly used waste management processes, including key processes and mechanisms associated with ENM fate and transport in each waste management process, and to use that information to identify the data gaps and research needs in this area. Literature associated with the fate of ENMs in wastes was reviewed and summarized. Overall, results from this literature review indicate a need for continued research in this area. No work has been conducted to quantify ENMs present in discarded materials and an understanding of ENM release from consumer products under conditions representative of those found in relevant waste management process is needed. Results also indicate that significant knowledge gaps associated with ENM behaviour exist for each waste management process investigated. There is a need for additional research investigating the fate of different types of ENMs at larger concentration ranges with different surface chemistries. Understanding how changes in treatment process operation may influence ENM fate is also needed. A series of specific research questions associated with the fate of ENMs during the management of ENM-containing wastes have been identified and used to direct future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Part
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Berge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Paweł Baran
- Unit of Technologies of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Stringfellow
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, 3101 Dyer Street, Dallas, TX 75205, United States
| | - Shannon Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th St., Omaha, NE 68182-0178, United States
| | - Denise Mitrano
- Process Engineering, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Pierre Hennebert
- National Institute for Industrial and Environmental Risk Assessment (INERIS), BP 33, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Peter Quicker
- Unit of Technologies of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Bolyard
- Environmental Research & Education Foundation, 3301 Benson Drive, Suite 101, Raleigh, NC 27609, United States
| | - Marion Huber-Humer
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Olabarrieta J, Monzón O, Belaustegui Y, Alvarez JI, Zorita S. Removal of TiO 2 nanoparticles from water by low pressure pilot plant filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:551-560. [PMID: 29149739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising use of nanoparticles in manufacturing as well as in commercial products bring issues related to environmental release and human exposure. A large amount of TiO2 nanoparticles will eventually reach wastewater treatment plants. Low pressure membrane filtration has been suggested as a feasible treatment of water streams. This study investigated first at laboratory scale the influence of: i) membrane material, ii) pore size and iii) water chemistry on nTiO2 removal. TiO2 retention was governed by the cake layer formation mechanism and significant retention of nanoparticles was observed even for filters having considerably larger pores than nTiO2. PVDF showed a great potential for nTiO2 rejection. Additionally, filtration pilot plant experiments were carried out using PVDF membranes (0.03 and 0.4μm pore size). The release of nTiO2 in the pilot scale filtration system was always above the instrumental detection limit (>1.5μg/L) and in most cases below 100μg/L regardless of the pore size and applied conditions. The nTiO2 membrane breakthrough predominantly occurred in the first few minutes after backwashes and ceased when the cake layer was formed. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration were comparable with rejection of nTiO2 above 95% at similar permeate flow rates. Nevertheless, ultrafiltration is more promising than microfiltration because it allowed longer operation times between backwash cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Olabarrieta
- Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Materials for Energy and Environment Division, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oihane Monzón
- Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Materials for Energy and Environment Division, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Belaustegui
- Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Materials for Energy and Environment Division, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon-Iñaki Alvarez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Barrio de Sarrienea, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Saioa Zorita
- Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Materials for Energy and Environment Division, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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33
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Tang Z, Cheng T. Stability and aggregation of nanoscale titanium dioxide particle (nTiO 2): Effect of cation valence, humic acid, and clay colloids. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:51-58. [PMID: 29091797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fate and transport of engineered nanoscale titanium dioxide (nTiO2) have received much attention during the past decade. The aggregation and stability of nTiO2 in water with complicated components, however, have not been fully examined. The objective of this paper is to determine the individual and synergistic effect of cation valence, humic acid, and clay colloids on nTiO2 stability and aggregation, and elucidate the related mechanisms. We conducted systematic laboratory experiments to determine nTiO2 stability and aggregation in NaCl and MgCl2 solutions, both in the absence and presence of humic acid and illite colloids. Results showed that Mg2+, in comparison to Na+, could make the zeta potential of nTiO2 more positive, and shift the point of zero charge of nTiO2 (pHpzc,TiO2) towards higher pH. We also found that nTiO2 are destabilized by illite colloids at pH < pHpzc,TiO2 through formation of illite-nTiO2 hetero-aggregates, but are not interfered by illite colloids at higher pH. HA was found to make nTiO2 stable via electrostatic and steric effects, both in the absence and presence of illite colloids. Calculated interaction energy based on DLVO theory revealed that instability of the nTiO2 suspensions is mainly caused by primary minima, and that secondary minima normally do not destabilize the suspension, even though they are found to promote aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X5, Canada.
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34
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He X, Fu P, Aker WG, Hwang HM. Toxicity of engineered nanomaterials mediated by nano-bio-eco interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:21-42. [PMID: 29297743 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2017.1418793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials may adversely impact human health and environmental safety by nano-bio-eco interactions not fully understood. Their interaction with biotic and abiotic environments are varied and complicated, ranging from individual species to entire ecosystems. Their behavior, transport, fate, and toxicological profiles in these interactions, addressed in a pioneering study, are subsequently seldom reported. Biological, chemical, and physical dimension properties, the so-called multidimensional characterization, determine interactions. Intermediate species generated in the dynamic process of nanomaterial transformation increase the complexity of assessing nanotoxicity. We review recent progress in understanding these interactions, discuss the challenges of the study, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- a Department of Marine Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Peter Fu
- b National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Winfred G Aker
- c Department of Biology , Jackson State University , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Huey-Min Hwang
- c Department of Biology , Jackson State University , Jackson , MS , USA
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35
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Song R, Qin Y, Suh S, Keller AA. Dynamic Model for the Stocks and Release Flows of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12424-12433. [PMID: 29022708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most existing life-cycle release models for engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are static, ignoring the dynamics of stock and flows of ENMs. Our model, nanoRelease, estimates the annual releases of ENMs from manufacturing, use, and disposal of a product explicitly taking stock and flow dynamics into account. Given the variabilities in key parameters (e.g., service life of products and annual release rate during use) nanoRelease is designed as a stochastic model. We apply nanoRelease to three ENMs (TiO2, SiO2 and FeOx) used in paints and coatings through seven product applications, including construction and building, household and furniture, and automotive for the period from 2000 to 2020 using production volume and market projection information. We also consider model uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with 2016, the total annual releases of ENMs in 2020 will increase by 34-40%, and the stock will increase by 28-34%. The fraction of the end-of-life release among total release flows will increase from 11% in 2002 to 43% in 2020. As compared to static models, our dynamic model predicts about an order of magnitude lower values for the amount of ENM released from this sector in the near-term while stock continues to build up in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Song
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Sangwon Suh
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
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Jahan S, Yusoff IB, Alias YB, Bakar AFBA. Reviews of the toxicity behavior of five potential engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:211-220. [PMID: 28959641 PMCID: PMC5615119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in a wide variety of commercial applications, resulting in an uncontrolled introduction into the aquatic environment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathways and factors that controlling the transport and toxicity of five extensively used ENMs. These toxicological pathways are of great importance and need to be addressed for sustainable implications of ENMs without environmental liabilities. Here we discuss five potentially utilized ENMs with their possible toxicological risk factors to aquatic plants, vertebrates model and microbes. Moreover, the key effect of ENMs surface transformations by significant reaction with environmental objects such as dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) and the effect of ENMs surface coating and surface charge will also be debated. The transformations of ENMs are subsequently facing a major ecological transition that is expected to create a substantial toxicological effect towards the ecosystem. These transformations largely involve chemical and physical processes, which depend on the properties of both ENMs and the receiving medium. In this review article, the critical issues that controlling the transport and toxicity of ENMs are reviewed by exploiting the latest reports and future directions and targets are keenly discussed to minimize the pessimistic effects of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Jahan
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Bin Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Binti Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Farid Bin Abu Bakar
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Lu H, Dong H, Fan W, Zuo J, Li X. Aging and behavior of functional TiO 2 nanoparticles in aqueous environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:113-119. [PMID: 27923145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are usually functionalized with various surface capping moieties in practical applications. Understand the behavior and fate of them is critical to evaluate or even predict their risk to environment. However, little attention has been denoted on this issue until now. Using three commercial TiO2 nanoparticles with different capping moieties, their aging procedures and corresponding change as well as their byproducts were systematically studied. Comprehensive microscopic and spectrometric measurements demonstrated a capping agent-dependent with the aging procedure. All the aging agents exhibited sharp change in morphologies compared to the fresh counterparts. The degraded degree and surface properties including surface charge and hydrophobicity of the functional TiO2 nanoparticles were varied depended on the capping moieties. Furthermore, the behaviors of these byproducts in various background media had also been investigated. Contrastively, environment factors such as pH, electrolyte valence, and humic acid regardless of capping moieties govern the behavior of these byproducts, despite of the capping moieties slightly affect the point of zero charge. This study highlights the influence of the capping moieties and environmental factors to the transformation progress of functional nanomaterials in environment exposure, which contributes to design and assess the environmental risk of other analogous functional nanoparticles in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Zuo
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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38
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Bossa N, Chaurand P, Levard C, Borschneck D, Miche H, Vicente J, Geantet C, Aguerre-Chariol O, Michel FM, Rose J. Environmental exposure to TiO 2 nanomaterials incorporated in building material. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1160-1170. [PMID: 27876222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are increasingly being used to improve the properties and functions of common building materials. A new type of self-cleaning cement incorporating TiO2 nanomaterials (TiO2-NMs) with photocatalytic properties is now marketed. This promising cement might provide air pollution-reducing properties but its environmental impact must be validated. During cement use and aging, an altered surface layer is formed that exhibits increased porosity. The surface layer thickness alteration and porosity increase with the cement degradation rate. The hardened cement paste leaching behavior has been fully documented, but the fate of incorporated TiO2-NMs and their state during/after potential release is currently unknown. In this study, photocatalytic cement pastes with increasing initial porosity were leached at a lab-scale to produce a range of degradation rates concerning the altered layer porosity and thickness. No dissolved Ti was released during leaching, only particulate TiO2-NM release was detected. The extent of release from this batch test simulating accelerated worst-case scenario was limited and ranged from 18.7 ± 2.1 to 33.5 ± 5.1 mg of Ti/m2 of cement after 168 h of leaching. TiO2-NMs released into neutral aquatic media (simulate pH of surface water) were not associated or coated by cement minerals. The TiO2-NM release mechanism is suspected to start from freeing of TiO2-NMs in the altered layer pore network due to partial cement paste dissolution followed by diffusion into the bulk pore solution to the surface. The extent of TiO2-NM release was not solely related to the cement degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bossa
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; INERIS (Unités NOVA), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; ICEINT, CNRS, Duke Univ. International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; ICEINT, CNRS, Duke Univ. International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; ICEINT, CNRS, Duke Univ. International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Daniel Borschneck
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; ICEINT, CNRS, Duke Univ. International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Hélène Miche
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Vicente
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - F Marc Michel
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), USA
| | - Jérôme Rose
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; ICEINT, CNRS, Duke Univ. International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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Verma R, Gangwar J, Srivastava AK. Multiphase TiO2nanostructures: a review of efficient synthesis, growth mechanism, probing capabilities, and applications in bio-safety and health. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an exhaustive overview of efficient synthesis, growth mechanism and research activities of multiphase TiO2nanostructures to provide their structural, morphological, optical and biological properties co-relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR – National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi – 110 012
- India
- Sophisticated and Analytical Equipments Division
| | - Jitendra Gangwar
- Sophisticated and Analytical Equipments Division
- CSIR – National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi – 110 012
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR – National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi – 110 012
- India
- Sophisticated and Analytical Equipments Division
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González-Gálvez D, Janer G, Vilar G, Vílchez A, Vázquez-Campos S. The Life Cycle of Engineered Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:41-69. [PMID: 28168665 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first years in the twenty-first century have meant the inclusion of nanotechnology in most industrial sectors, from very specific sensors to construction materials. The increasing use of nanomaterials in consumer products has raised concerns about their potential risks for workers, consumers and the environment. In a comprehensive risk assessment or life cycle assessment, a life cycle schema is the starting point necessary to build up the exposure scenarios and study the processes and mechanisms driving to safety concerns. This book chapter describes the processes that usually occur at all the stages of the life cycle of the nano-enabled product, from the nanomaterial synthesis to the end-of-life of the products. Furthermore, release studies reported in literature related to these processes are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Gálvez
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació 2, 08225, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gemma Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació 2, 08225, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gemma Vilar
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació 2, 08225, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alejandro Vílchez
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació 2, 08225, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
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41
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Czech B. The interactions of UV and/or H2O2 treated CNTOH and CNTCOOH with environmental fulvic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:173-181. [PMID: 27290658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fate of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the environment will be governed by the presence of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). Many studies indicate that CNT create stabilized suspensions in the presence of DOM. Easier transport in the environment may indicate their greater hazard. However these studies describe the interactions of DOM with as produced CNT. In the present studies the interactions of UV and/or H2O2 treated wastewater containing CNTOH or CNTCOOH with the naturally occurred fulvic acids (FA) were presented. FA sorption, both kinetics and mechanism, were described using batch regime. The sorption of FA followed a pseudo-second order kinetics and was described with the highest accuracy by Langmuir or Dubinin-Radushkevich model for CNTOHs and Langmuir, Temkin or Dubinin-Radushkevich - for CNTCOOHs. The mechanism of FA sorption onto CNTOHs was ascribed to π-π, heterogeneous and electrostatic interactions. The π-π and electrostatic interactions can the mostly defined FA adsorption onto CNTCOOHs. The parameters affecting FA sorption were combination of porosity and dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Czech
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Cure-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Topuz E, van Gestel CAM. An approach for environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy inference rules. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:334-347. [PMID: 27131016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The usage of Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) in consumer products is relatively new and there is a need to conduct environmental risk assessment (ERA) to evaluate their impacts on the environment. However, alternative approaches are required for ERA of ENPs because of the huge gap in data and knowledge compared to conventional pollutants and their unique properties that make it difficult to apply existing approaches. This study aims to propose an ERA approach for ENPs by integrating Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy inference models which provide a systematic evaluation of risk factors and reducing uncertainty about the data and information, respectively. Risk is assumed to be the combination of occurrence likelihood, exposure potential and toxic effects in the environment. A hierarchy was established to evaluate the sub factors of these components. Evaluation was made with fuzzy numbers to reduce uncertainty and incorporate the expert judgements. Overall score of each component was combined with fuzzy inference rules by using expert judgements. Proposed approach reports the risk class and its membership degree such as Minor (0.7). Therefore, results are precise and helpful to determine the risk management strategies. Moreover, priority weights calculated by comparing the risk factors based on their importance for the risk enable users to understand which factor is effective on the risk. Proposed approach was applied for Ag (two nanoparticles with different coating) and TiO2 nanoparticles for different case studies. Results verified the proposed benefits of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Topuz
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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Caballero-Guzman A, Nowack B. A critical review of engineered nanomaterial release data: Are current data useful for material flow modeling? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:502-517. [PMID: 26970875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Material flow analysis (MFA) is a useful tool to predict the flows of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) to the environment. The quantification of release factors is a crucial part of MFA modeling. In the last years an increasing amount of literature on release of ENM from materials and products has been published. The purpose of this review is to analyze the strategies implemented by MFA models to include these release data, in particular to derive transfer coefficients (TC). Our scope was focused on those articles that analyzed the release from applications readily available in the market in settings that resemble average use conditions. Current MFA studies rely to a large extent on extrapolations, authors' assumptions, expert opinions and other informal sources of data to parameterize the models. We were able to qualitatively assess the following aspects of the release literature: (i) the initial characterization of ENM provided, (ii) quantitative information on the mass of ENM released and its characterization, (iii) description of transformation reactions and (iv) assessment of the factors determining release. Although the literature on ENM release is growing, coverage of exposure scenarios is still limited; only 20% of the ENMs used industrially and 36% of the product categories involved have been investigated in release studies and only few relevant release scenarios have been described. Furthermore, the information provided is rather incomplete concerning descriptions and characterizations of ENMs and the released materials. Our results show that both the development of methods to define the TCs and of protocols to enhance assessment of ENM release from nano-applications will contribute to increase the exploitability of the data provided for MFA models. The suggestions we provide in this article will likely contribute to an improved exposure modeling by providing ENM release estimates closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Troester M, Brauch HJ, Hofmann T. Vulnerability of drinking water supplies to engineered nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:255-279. [PMID: 27060529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) inevitably leads to their release into aquatic environments, with the quantities involved expected to increase significantly in the future. Concerns therefore arise over the possibility that ENPs might pose a threat to drinking water supplies. Investigations into the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs are hampered by the absence of suitable analytical methods that are capable of detecting and quantifiying ENPs in complex aqueous matrices. Analytical data concerning the presence of ENPs in drinking water supplies is therefore scarce. The eventual fate of ENPs in the natural environment and in processes that are important for drinking water production are currently being investigated through laboratory based-experiments and modelling. Although the information obtained from these studies may not, as yet, be sufficient to allow comprehensive assessment of the complete life-cycle of ENPs, it does provide a valuable starting point for predicting the significance of ENPs to drinking water supplies. This review therefore addresses the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs. The risk of ENPs entering drinking water is discussed and predicted for drinking water produced from groundwater and from surface water. Our evaluation is based on reviewing published data concerning ENP production amounts and release patterns, the occurrence and behavior of ENPs in aquatic systems relevant for drinking water supply and ENP removability in drinking water purification processes. Quantitative predictions are made based on realistic high-input case scenarios. The results of our synthesis of current knowledge suggest that the risk probability of ENPs being present in surface water resources is generally limited, but that particular local conditions may increase the probability of raw water contamination by ENPs. Drinking water extracted from porous media aquifers are not generally considered to be prone to ENP contamination. In karstic aquifers, however, there is an increased probability that if any ENPs enter the groundwater system they will reach the extraction point of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The ability to remove ENPs during water treatment depends on the specific design of the treatment process. In conventional DWTPs with no flocculation step a proportion of ENPs, if present in the raw water, may reach the final drinking water. The use of ultrafiltration techniques improves drinking water safety with respect to ENP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Troester
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nowack B, Boldrin A, Caballero A, Hansen SF, Gottschalk F, Heggelund L, Hennig M, Mackevica A, Maes H, Navratilova J, Neubauer N, Peters R, Rose J, Schäffer A, Scifo L, van Leeuwen SV, von der Kammer F, Wohlleben W, Wyrwoll A, Hristozov D. Meeting the Needs for Released Nanomaterials Required for Further Testing-The SUN Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2747-2753. [PMID: 26866387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the potential risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has so far been almost exclusively focused on the pristine, as-produced particles. However, when considering a life-cycle perspective, it is clear that ENM released from genuine products during manufacturing, use, and disposal is far more relevant. Research on the release of materials from nanoproducts is growing and the next necessary step is to investigate the behavior and effects of these released materials in the environment and on humans. Therefore, sufficient amounts of released materials need to be available for further testing. In addition, ENM-free reference materials are needed since many processes not only release ENM but also nanosized fragments from the ENM-containing matrix that may interfere with further tests. The SUN consortium (Project on "Sustainable Nanotechnologies", EU seventh Framework funding) uses methods to characterize and quantify nanomaterials released from composite samples that are exposed to environmental stressors. Here we describe an approach to provide materials in hundreds of gram quantities mimicking actual released materials from coatings and polymer nanocomposites by producing what is called "fragmented products" (FP). These FP can further be exposed to environmental conditions (e.g., humidity, light) to produce "weathered fragmented products" (WFP) or can be subjected to a further size fractionation to isolate "sieved fragmented products" (SFP) that are representative for inhalation studies. In this perspective we describe the approach, and the used methods to obtain released materials in amounts large enough to be suitable for further fate and (eco)toxicity testing. We present a case study (nanoparticulate organic pigment in polypropylene) to show exemplarily the procedures used to produce the FP. We present some characterization data of the FP and discuss critically the further potential and the usefulness of the approach we developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Boldrin
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Caballero
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Laura Heggelund
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Hennig
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aiga Mackevica
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanna Maes
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Navratilova
- University of Vienna , Department of Environmental Geosciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ruud Peters
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerome Rose
- CEREGE CNRS - IRD - Aix Marseille Université, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorette Scifo
- CEREGE CNRS - IRD - Aix Marseille Université, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Frank von der Kammer
- University of Vienna , Department of Environmental Geosciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anne Wyrwoll
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice , Venice, Italy
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Topuz E, Traber J, Sigg L, Talinli I. Agglomeration of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles in surface and wastewater: Role of calcium ions and of organic carbon fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 204:313-323. [PMID: 26057362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate factors leading to agglomeration of citrate coated silver (AgNP-Cit), polyvinylpyrrolidone coated AgNPPVP and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in surface waters and wastewater. ENPs (1 mg/L) were spiked to unfiltered, filtered, ultrafiltered (<10 kDa and <1 kDa) samples. Z-average particle sizes were measured after 1 h, 1 day and 1 week. AgNP-PVP was stable in all fractions of the samples and kept their original size around 60 nm over 1 week. Agglomeration of AgNP-Cit and TiO2 was positively correlated with Ca(2+) concentration, but dissolved organic carbon concentrations > 2 mg/L contributed to stabilizing these NP. Moreover, agglomeration of AgNP-Cit in the various organic matter fractions showed that high molecular weight organic compounds such as biopolymers provide stabilization in natural water. A generalized scheme for the agglomeration behavior of AgNP-Cit, AgNP-PVP and TiO2 in natural waters was proposed based on their relation with Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and DOC concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Topuz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Sigg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Ilhan Talinli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
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Hincapié I, Caballero-Guzman A, Hiltbrunner D, Nowack B. Use of engineered nanomaterials in the construction industry with specific emphasis on paints and their flows in construction and demolition waste in Switzerland. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:398-406. [PMID: 26164852 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One sector where the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is supposed to offer novel or improved functionalities is the construction industry. During the renovation or demolition of buildings, ENMs contained in former construction materials will enter recycling systems or become construction waste. Currently, information about ENM flows in these processes is insufficient. The potential for the release of ENMs from this waste into the environment is unknown, as are the environmental impacts. To evaluate whether there is currently any nano-relevant construction and demolition waste (C&DW) originating from buildings, we evaluated the sources and flows of ENMs in C&DW and identified their potential exposure pathways. A survey of business representatives of Swiss companies in this sector found that ENMs are mainly used in paints and cement. The most frequently used ENMs in the Swiss housing construction industry are nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, nano-ZnO, and nano-Ag. Using a bottom-up, semi-quantitative approach, we estimated the flows of ENMs contained in paints along the product's life cycle from buildings to recycling and landfill. The flows of ENMs are determined by their associated flows of building materials. We estimated an annual amount of ENMs used in paints of 14t of TiO2, 12t of SiO2, 5t of ZnO, and 0.2t of Ag. The majority of ENMs contained in paints in Switzerland enter recycling systems (23t/y), a smaller amount is disposed directly in landfills (7t/y), and a tiny fraction of ENM waste is incinerated (0.01t/y). Our results allow a qualitative determination of the potential release of ENMs into technical or environmental compartments, with the highest potential release expected during recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hincapié
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Hiltbrunner
- FOEN, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, Waste and Resources Division, Worblentalstrasse 68, CH-3063 Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Sha B, Gao W, Cui X, Wang L, Xu F. The potential health challenges of TiO2nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1086-101. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoyong Sha
- School of Basic Medical Science; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Xingye Cui
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Lin Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
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Mitrano DM, Motellier S, Clavaguera S, Nowack B. Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 77:132-47. [PMID: 25705000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the context of assessing potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), life cycle thinking can represent a holistic view on the impacts of ENPs through the entire value chain of nano-enhanced products from production, through use, and finally to disposal. Exposure to ENPs in consumer or environmental settings may either be to the original, pristine ENPs, or more likely, to ENPs that have been incorporated into products, released, aged and transformed. Here, key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting ENPs are reviewed. The focus is on processes resulting in ENP release and on the transformation(s) the released particles undergo in the use and disposal phases of its product life cycle for several nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, TiO2, carbon nanotubes, CeO2, SiO2 etc.). These include photochemical transformations, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption and desorption, combustion, abrasion and biotransformation, among other biogeochemical processes. To date, few studies have tried to establish what changes the ENPs undergo when they are incorporated into, and released from, products. As a result there is major uncertainty as to the state of many ENPs following their release because much of current testing on pristine ENPs may not be fully relevant for risk assessment purposes. The goal of this present review is therefore to use knowledge on the life cycle of nano-products to derive possible transformations common ENPs in nano-products may undergo based on how these products will be used by the consumer and eventually discarded. By determining specific gaps in knowledge of the ENP transformation process, this approach should prove useful in narrowing the number of physical experiments that need to be conducted and illuminate where more focused effort can be placed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Mitrano
- EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sylvie Motellier
- CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 17, Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Simon Clavaguera
- CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 17, Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Sajid M, Ilyas M, Basheer C, Tariq M, Daud M, Baig N, Shehzad F. Impact of nanoparticles on human and environment: review of toxicity factors, exposures, control strategies, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4122-43. [PMID: 25548015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the world through introduction of a unique class of materials and consumer products in many arenas. It has led to production of innovative materials and devices. Despite of their unique advantages and applications in domestic and industrial sectors, use of materials with dimensions in nanometers has raised the issue of safety for workers, consumers, and human environment. Because of their small size and other unique characteristics, nanoparticles have ability to harm human and wildlife by interacting through various mechanisms. We have reviewed the characteristics of nanoparticles which form the basis of their toxicity. This paper also reviews possible routes of exposure of nanoparticles to human body. Dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion have been discussed in detail. As very limited data is available for long-term human exposures, there is a pressing need to develop the methods which can determine short and long-term effects of nanoparticles on human and environment. We also discuss in brief the strategies which can help to control human exposures to toxic nanoparticles. We have outlined the current status of toxicological studies dealing with nanoparticles, accomplishments, weaknesses, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia,
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