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Wang Y, Jia L, Guo B, Li J, Bai T, Jin Z, Jin Y. Investigation on the interaction mechanism during co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime: The effect of coal slime type and pretreatment method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172419. [PMID: 38614335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS) is the preferred method for mitigating their environmental impact and increasing their added value. However, the interaction mechanism between SS and CS during the co-combustion process has not yet developed a unified understanding. This work aims to obtain the effect of CS types on SS-CS co-combustion and reveal the interaction mechanism between SS and CS based on the influence of pretreatment methods on the interaction. The results showed that during co-combustion, SS reduced the ignition and burnout temperatures, and CS with high fixed carbon content (e.g., XCS) improved the comprehensive combustion characteristics. Principal component analysis showed that the effect of CS on co-combustion was more significant. The interaction between SS and CS mainly occurred within 100-700 °C, in which inhibition and synergism coexisted. The large differences in the interactions before and after de-volatilization and pickling treatments revealed that the volatiles and ash in SS were the main interaction factors. The analysis of the interaction mechanisms showed that the free radicals and heat released from the SS volatiles combustion accelerated the weight loss of CS, but the formation of tars from its incomplete combustion may inhibit the decomposition of CS. The interaction in the fixed carbon combustion stage was mainly caused by SS ash, which can catalyze the combustion of CS fixed carbon, but for the high ash CS (e.g., QCS), the combustion of fixed carbon was hindered by the addition of SS ash higher than 10 %. The final manifestation (synergy or inhibition) of SS and CS interactions was the result of the competitive balance of the above interactive behaviors. This work provides a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between SS and CS during co-combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Jia
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Baihe Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingkuan Li
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Bai
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Jin
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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2
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Zhao S, Zheng Q, Wang H, Fan X. Nitrogen in landfills: Sources, environmental impacts and novel treatment approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171725. [PMID: 38492604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) accumulation in landfills is a pressing environmental concern due to its diverse sources and significant environmental impacts. However, there is relatively limited attention and research focus on N in landfills as it is overshadowed by other more prominent pollutants. This study comprehensively examines the sources of N in landfills, including food waste contributing to 390 million tons of N annually, industrial discharges, and sewage treatment plant effluents. The environmental impacts of N in landfills are primarily manifested in N2O emissions and leachate with high N concentrations. To address these challenges, this study presents various mitigation and management strategies, including N2O reduction measures and novel NH4+ removal techniques, such as electrochemical technologies, membrane separation processes, algae-based process, and other advanced oxidation processes. However, a more in-depth understanding of the complexities of N cycling in landfills is required, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and the presence of intricate interactions and feedback mechanisms. To ultimately achieve optimized N management and minimized adverse environmental impacts in landfill settings, future prospects should emphasize advancements in monitoring and modeling technologies, enhanced understanding of microbial ecology, implementation of circular economy principles, application of innovative treatment technologies, and comprehensive landfill design and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiteng Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Halalsheh M, Shatanawi K, Shawabkeh R, Kassab G, Mohammad H, Adawi M, Ababneh S, Abdullah A, Ghantous N, Balah N, Almomani S. Impact of temperature and residence time on sewage sludge pyrolysis for combined carbon sequestration and energy production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28030. [PMID: 38596039 PMCID: PMC11002555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental challenges related to sewage sludge call for urgent sustainable management of this resource. Sludge pyrolysis might be considered as a sustainable technology and is anticipated to support measures for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. The end products of the process have various applications, including the agricultural utilization of biochar, as well as the energy exploitation of bio-oil and syngas. In this research, sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at 500 °C, 600 °C, 750 °C, and 850 °C. At each temperature, pyrolysis was explored at 1hr, 2hrs, and 3hrs residence times. The ratio (H/Corg)at was tapped to imply organic carbon stability and carbon sequestration potential. Optimum operating conditions were achieved at 750 °C and 2hrs residence time. Produced biochar had (H/Corg)at ratio of 0.54, while nutrients' contents based on dry weight were 3.99%, 3.2%, and 0.6% for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), respectively. Electrical conductivity of biochar was lesser than the feed sludge. Heavy metals in biochar aligned with the recommended values of the International Biochar Initiative. Heat content of condensable and non-condensable volatiles was sufficient to maintain the temperature of the furnace provided that PYREG process is considered. However, additional energy source is demanded for sludge drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Halalsheh
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - K. Shatanawi
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - R. Shawabkeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G. Kassab
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - H. Mohammad
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - M. Adawi
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Ababneh
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - A. Abdullah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Ghantous
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Balah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Almomani
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
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4
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Chen H, Shan R, Li S, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Chen Y. Clay mineral as catalysis for controlling the nitrogen containing pollutants during sewage sludge pyrolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169535. [PMID: 38159752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis technology is considered one of the most promising processes for the environmentally friendly disposal of sewage sludge (SS), as it can neutralize pathogens, reduce hazardous substances, and promote the immobilization of heavy metals. However, nitrogen-containing gases produced in SS pyrolysis can be converted to nitrogen oxides, causing serious environmental pollution. In this study, we investigated the evolution of the nitrogen (N) element in rapid pyrolysis of SS and explored the effect of clay minerals (attapulgite, montmorillonite, and kaolin) in regulating N conversion. The results showed that the higher temperature (800 °C) could promote the conversion of pyrroles/pyridines and NOx precursors in char to N2 (the conversion rate was 32.76 %), and clay minerals catalyzed the cleavage of N-containing macromolecules in the bio-oil, reducing the N content in bio-oil from 28.70 % to 6.23 %, and was conducted to realize the denitrification of bio-oil. Notably, the attapulgite (ATP) on N migration was more effective and could reduce the yield of NOx precursors from 23.80 % to 10.55 % by capturing NH4* and inhibiting the secondary reaction, while catalyzing the removal of N2 from pyridine/pyrrole (N2 production increased to 34.38 %). MgO and CaO in the clays played a major role in facilitating the conversion of char-N to N2, and clay structures loading on the biochar surface promoted the catalysis of N-containing volatiles to N2 by metal oxides. This study provides a viable and harmless approach to SS minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Shan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Liu X, Chen Z, Lu S, Shi X, Qu F, Cheng D, Wei W, Shon HK, Ni BJ. Persistent free radicals on biochar for its catalytic capability: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:120999. [PMID: 38118258 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an economical carbon material for water pollution control, which shows great promise to be applied in the up-scale wastewater remediation processes. Previous studies demonstrate that persistent free radicals (PFRs) on biochar are critical to its reactivity for wastewater remediation. A series of studies have revealed the important roles of PFRs when biochar was applied for organic pollutants degradation as well as the removal of Cr (VI) and As (III) from wastewater. Therefore, this review comprehensively concludes the significance of PFRs for the catalytic capabilities of biochar in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-driven organic pollutant removal, and applied in redox processes for Cr (VI) and As (III) remediation. In addition, the mechanisms for PFRs formation during biochar synthesis are discussed. The detection methods are reviewed for the quantification of PFRs on biochar. Future research directions were also proposed on underpinning the knowledge base to forward the applications of biochar in practical real wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Fulin Qu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongle Cheng
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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6
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Benavente V, Pérez C, Jansson S. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae and digested sewage sludge: Assessing the impact of mixing ratios on the composition of primary and secondary char. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:429-438. [PMID: 38104415 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of microalgae cultivation in wastewater treatment and reclamation has been studied extensively, as has the potential utility of the resulting algal biomass. Most methods for processing such biomass generate solid residues that must be properly managed to comply with current sustainable resource utilization requirements. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can be used to process both individual wet feedstocks and mixed feedstocks (i.e., co-HTC). Here, we investigate co-HTC using microalgae and digested sewage sludge as feedstocks. The objectives were to (i) study the material's partitioning into solid and liquid products, and (ii) characterize the products' physicochemical properties. Co-HTC experiments were conducted at 180-250°C using mixed microalgae/sewage sludge feedstocks with the proportion of sewage sludge ranging from 0 to 100 %. Analyses of the hydrochar composition and the formation and composition of secondary char revealed that the content of carbonized material in the product decreased as the proportion of sewage sludge in the feedstock increased under fixed carbonization conditions. The properties of the hydrochars and the partitioning of material between the liquid phase and the hydrochar correlated linearly with the proportion of microalgae in mixed feedstocks, indicating that adding sewage sludge to microalgae had weak or non-existent synergistic effects on co-HTC outcomes. However, the proportion of sewage sludge in the feedstock did affect the secondary char. For example, adding sewage sludge reduced the abundance of carboxylic acids and ketones as well as the concentrations of higher molecular weight cholesterols. Such changes may alter the viable applications of the hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Benavente
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; RISE Processum AB, Hörneborgsvägen 10, 89 122 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Carla Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Industrial Doctoral School, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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7
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Gao J, Li L, Yuan S, Sun J, Chen S, Dong B. Reconceptualization of the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment to enhance the anaerobic conversion of sludge organic nitrogen: Decisive role of organic nitrogen occurrence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165703. [PMID: 37487905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence state of organic nitrogen (ON) is the key to affect anaerobic biotransformation of sludge. ON in sludge was chemically classified as PA (easily accessible part), PB (moderately accessible) and PC (hardly accessible) according to the modified CNCPS method. The components of them were analyzed by PY-GCMS, and it was identified that PA was extracellular amino acids, peptides and proteins; PB was genetic material, cell wall peptidoglycans and intracellular proteins; PC was ON that cross-linked with complex macromolecules. The conversion characteristics of PA, PB and PC in sludge and their relationship with anaerobic digestion (AD) performance were investigated after thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) at different temperatures (100-180 °C). With the increase of THP temperature, the hydrolysis of PA and the conversion of PB to PA were promoted. At 180-THP, part of PA was converted to PC due to thermochemical reactions. In the fast degradation stage of AD of ON (ON-fast), PA is the main component of degradation; while in the slow degradation stage (ON-slow), the degradation of ON is mainly dominated by PB. Therefore, THP can significantly increase the proportion of ON-fast and reduce the ON fraction in the digestate (ON-hard). Moreover, PA and PB, rather than PC, were identified as dominant in ON-hard with or without THP for the first time, overturning the traditional view (remaining ON after AD was that cross-linked with complex macromolecules). This is due to that PA and PB are the main ON that make up microbial cells. The findings upgraded our perspective on conversion of ON of sludge during AD and inspire the shifted focus from "degrading PC" to "PC accumulation" for later use, through targeted enhanced PA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, China.
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8
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Luo L, Wang J, Lv J, Liu Z, Sun T, Yang Y, Zhu YG. Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11357-11372. [PMID: 37493521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon (C)-rich material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited environments, has been proposed as one of the most promising materials for C sequestration and climate mitigation in soil. The C sequestration contribution of biochar hinges not only on its fused aromatic structure but also on its abiotic and biotic reactions with soil components across its entire life cycle in the environment. For instance, minerals and microorganisms can deeply participate in the mineralization or complexation of the labile (soluble and easily decomposable) and even recalcitrant fractions of biochar, thereby profoundly affecting C cycling and sequestration in soil. Here we identify five key issues closely related to the application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and review its outstanding advances. Specifically, the terms use of biochar, pyrochar, and hydrochar, the stability of biochar in soil, the effect of biochar on the flux and speciation changes of C in soil, the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by biochar production and soil application, and the application barriers of biochar in soil are expounded. By elaborating on these critical issues, we discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding and application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and provide outlooks for future research directions. We suggest that combining the mechanistic understanding of biochar-to-soil interactions and long-term field studies, while considering the influence of multiple factors and processes, is essential to bridge these knowledge gaps. Further, the standards for biochar production and soil application should be widely implemented, and the threshold values of biochar application in soil should be urgently developed. Also needed are comprehensive and prospective life cycle assessments that are not restricted to soil C sequestration and account for the contributions of contamination remediation, soil quality improvement, and vegetation C sequestration to accurately reflect the total benefits of biochar on C sequestration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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9
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Hu M, Ma J, Jiang Z, Wang J, Pan Z, Hu ZT, Tang S, Beims R, Xu C. New insights into nitrogen control strategies in sewage sludge pyrolysis toward environmental and economic sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163326. [PMID: 37030361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) contains a certain amount of nitrogen (N), resulting in various content of N in the pyrolysis products. Investigates on how to control the generation of NH3 and HCN (deleterious gas-N species) or convert it to N2 and maximize transforming N in sewage sludge (SS-N) into potentially valuable N-containing products (such as char-N and/or liquid-N) are of great significance for SS management. Understanding the nitrogen migration and transformation (NMT) mechanisms in SS during the pyrolysis process is essential for investigating the aforementioned issues. Therefore, in this review, the N content and species in SS are summarized, and the influencing factors during the SS pyrolysis process (such as temperature, minerals, atmosphere, and heating rate) that affect NMT in char, gas, and liquid products are analyzed. Furthermore, N control strategies in SS pyrolysis products are proposed toward environmental and economic sustainability. Finally, the state-of-the-art of current research and future prospects are summarized, with a focus on the generation of value-added liquid-N and char-N products, while concurrently reducing NOx emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Hu
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Junliang Wang
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Suqin Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ramon Beims
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Chunbao Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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10
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Chen S, Hao HC, Zhang SZ, Jiang H. Selectively retaining nutrients in biochar in magnesium added two-zone staged copyrolysis of blue algae and corn gluten wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117583. [PMID: 36848804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of blue algae (BA) and corn gluten (CG) wastes and the simultaneous recovery of abundant phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) by pyrolysis to obtain biochars with high fertility is a promising strategy. However, pyrolysis of BA or CG alone by a conventional reactor cannot reach the target. Herein, we propose a novel MgO-enhanced N and P recovery method by designing a two-zone staged pyrolysis reactor to highly efficiently recover N and P with easily available plant forms in BA and CG. The results show that a 94.58% total phosphorus (TP) retention rate was achieved by means of the special two-zone staged pyrolysis method, in which the effective P (Mg2PO4(OH) and R-NH-P) accounted for 52.9% of TP, while the total nitrogen (TN) reached 4.1 wt%. In this process, stable P was formed first at 400 °C to avoid rapid volatilization and then to form hydroxyl P at 800 °C. Meanwhile, Mg-BA char in the lower zone can efficiently absorb N-containing gas generated by the upper CG, forming dispersible N. This work is of great significance for improving the green utilization value of P and N in BA and CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong-Chao Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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11
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Yao B, Li X, Zhou C, Lv F, Zhang C, Wang L, Yu M, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Liu Y, Dai J. Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge and pine sawdust in a fluidized bed: Characterization and analysis of pyrolytic products and investigation of synergetic effects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:122-134. [PMID: 37257326 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge (DS) and pine sawdust (PS) was carried out in a fluidized bed pyrolyser. The results revealed that addition of PS increased the yields of condensate and gas, and dramatically improved pore structure of co-pyrolysis char, enhancing immobilization of the metals, nutrient and pollution elements. Catalysts (Na-ZSM-5 and HZSM-5) significantly reduced tar and coke, strengthened the integrity of pore structure. Yield of nitrogen-containing compounds declined sharply from 88.66% to 8.14% when 25% of PS was added. Addition of 50% PS promoted ring opening to generate chain compounds and abundant oxygenates (such as ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids) in pyrolysis oil (PO) at 650 °C. Correspondingly, yield of gaseous products was inhibited except CO2 and H2 when PS content was dominant. The catalysts greatly increased yield of gaseous products by enhancing primary and secondary cracking depending on different feedstocks and catalysts (e.g., DS over Na-ZSM-5 and PS over HZSM-5). The maximum energy efficiency (69.75%) was obtained at 650 °C when 75% PS was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 699 Geguan Road, Jiangbei New Area District, Jiangsu 210048, China
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Feng Lv
- Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 699 Geguan Road, Jiangbei New Area District, Jiangsu 210048, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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12
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Zhang W, He Y, Xing X, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang L, Zhu Y. In-depth insight into the effects of intrinsic calcium compounds on the pyrolysis of hazardous petrochemical sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131593. [PMID: 37172378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the potential effects of intrinsic calcium compounds on sludge pyrolysis, the pyrolysis behavior of petrochemical sludge (PS), calcium carbonate blend PS (CaPS), and decalcified PS (DePS) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with pyrolysis-gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA results indicated that decalcification increased and decreased the energy barriers of PS decomposition in ranges 200-350 °C and 350-600 °C, respectively. In contrast, copyrolysis with CaCO3 decreased the activation energy (E) of the pseudoreaction phase 2 (PH2) and altered the mechanism model. Meanwhile, during copyrolysis, char deposition and interaction hindered CaCO3 decomposition. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy results, on the other hand, showed that the reaction priority of O-containing groups and CH- vibration of methyl groups were affected by both decalcification and CaCO3 copyrolysis. The Py-GC/MS results indicated that the three sludges mainly released hydrocarbons, N-containing organics, alcohols, aldehydes, and acids. During pyrolysis, CaCO3 also played a neutralization role, which reduced the release of pyrolytic acidic products. In addition, the increase of the pyrolysis temperature increased the hydrocarbon content. This research will guide the industrial application of sludge pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Organic solid wastes deeply treatment and hydrogen production, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui He
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Organic solid wastes deeply treatment and hydrogen production, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Xing
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Organic solid wastes deeply treatment and hydrogen production, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Organic solid wastes deeply treatment and hydrogen production, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuezhao Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Organic solid wastes deeply treatment and hydrogen production, Jiangsu, China
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13
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McNamara P, Liu Z, Tong Y, Santha H, Moss L, Zitomer D. Pyrolysis-A tool in the wastewater solids handling portfolio, not a silver bullet: Benefits, drawbacks, and future directions. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10863. [PMID: 37021664 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is the process whereby carbonaceous materials, such as biosolids, are heated between 400°C and 900°C in the absence of oxygen. Three main products are generated: a solid product called biochar, a py-liquid that consists of aqueous phase and non-aqueous phase liquid, and py-gas. The biochar holds value as a beneficial soil amendment and sequesters carbon. The py-liquid is potentially hazardous and needs to be dealt with (including potentially reducing it on-site via catalysis or thermal oxidation). Py-gas can be used on-site for energy recovery. Pyrolysis has gained recent interest due to concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids. Although pyrolysis can remove PFAS from biosolids, it has been shown to produce PFAS that reside in py-liquid, and the fate in py-gas remains a knowledge gap. More research is needed to help close the PFAS and fluorine mass balance through pyrolysis influent and effluent products because pyrolysis alone does not destroy all PFAS. The moisture content of biosolids substantially affects the energy balance for pyrolysis. Utilities that already produce a dried biosolids product are in a better position to install pyrolysis. Pyrolysis has both defined benefits (solids reduction, PFAS removal from biosolids, and biochar production) as well as remaining questions (the fate of PFAS in py-gas and py-liquid, mass balance on nutrients, and py-liquid handling options) that will be answered through more pilot and full-scale demonstrations. Regulations and local policies (such as carbon sequestration credits) could affect pyrolysis implementation. Pyrolysis should be considered as an option in the biosolids stabilization toolbox with application being based on individual circumstances of a utility (e.g., energy, moisture content of biosolids, PFAS). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Pyrolysis has known benefits but limited full-scale operational data. Pyrolysis removes PFAS from biochar, but PFAS fate in gas phase is unknown. Moisture content of influent feed solids affects energy balance of pyrolysis. Policy on PFAS, carbon sequestration, or renewable energy could impact pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McNamara
- Water Technology Group, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhongzhe Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering, California State University-Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Yiran Tong
- Stantec, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55402, USA
| | - Hari Santha
- Water Technology Group, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | - Lynne Moss
- Water Technology Group, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | - Daniel Zitomer
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Zhang Z, Xuan X, Wang J, Zhao X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Qian J. Evolution of elemental nitrogen involved in the carbonization mechanism and product features from wet biowaste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163826. [PMID: 37121324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) represents elegant thermochemical conversion technology suitable for energy and resource recovery from wet biowaste, while the elemental nitrogen is bound to affect the HTC process and the properties of the products. In this review, the nitrogen fate during HTC of typical N-containing-biowaste were presented. The relationship between critical factors involved in HTC like N/O, N/C, N/H, solid ratio, initial N in feedstock, hydrothermal temperature and residence time and N content in hydrochar were systematic analyzed. The distribution and conversion of N species along with hydrothermal severity in hydrochar and liquid phase was discussed. Additionally, the chemical forms of nitrogen in hydrochar were elaborated coupled with the role of N element during hydrochar formation mechanism and the morphology features. Finally, the future challenges of nitrogen in biowaste involved in HTC about the formation and regulation mechanism of hydrochar were given, and perspectives of more accurate regulation of the physicochemical characteristics of hydrochar from biowaste based on the N evolution is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelei Zhao
- Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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15
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Tao J, Yin X, Yao X, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Prediction of NH 3 and HCN yield from biomass fast pyrolysis: Machine learning modeling and evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163743. [PMID: 37116814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid pyrolysis is a promising technique to convert biomass into fuel oil, where NOX emission remains a substantial environmental risk. NH3 and HCN are top precursors for NOX emission. In order to clarify their migration path and provide appropriate strategies for their controlling, six up-to-date machine learning (ML) models were established to predict the NH3 and HCN yield during rapid pyrolysis of 26 biomass feedstocks. Cross-validation and grid search methods were used to determine the optimal hyperparameters for these ML models. The support vector regression (SVR) model achieved optimal accuracy among them. The optimal root means square error (%), mean absolute error (%), and R2 of test set for NH3/HCN yield were 1.2901/1.1531, 1.0501/0.84712, and 0.98253/0.96152, respectively. In addition, based on the results of Pearson correlation analysis, the input variables with a weak linear correlation with the target product were eliminated, which was found capable of improving the prediction accuracy of almost all ML models except SVR. While after input variables elimination, the SVR model still showed the optimal NH3 and HCN yield prediction accuracy. It reflects SVR's great significance and potential for predicting the yield of NOX precursors during rapid biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xilei Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China
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16
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Jiang FZ, Hao HC, Hu ZY, Chen S, Li ZY. Immobilization effect of heavy metals in biochar via the copyrolysis of sewage sludge and apple branches. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117073. [PMID: 36549065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excess sludge produced by sewage treatment plants can be recycled into energy through pyrolysis, and the byproduct biochar can be used for soil remediation. However, the heavy metals in sludge are retained in biochar after pyrolysis and may cause secondary pollution during its soil application. Herein, a fast copyrolysis method of activated sludge (AS) and apple branches (AT) was proposed to immobilize heavy metals while improving bio-oil yield. The results showed that the heavy metal release from the copyrolyzed biochar was markedly reduced compared with that from the biochar produced through the pyrolysis of AS alone (78% for Cr and 28% for Pb). The kinetic behavior of ion release from different biochars could be described by a first-order kinetic model. The excellent fixation of heavy metals was attributed to complexation by abundant oxygen-containing surface functional groups (-O-, =O, and -CHO) that were mainly donated by AT. Furthermore, high-temperature pyrolysis was conducive to the fixation of metals, and the release of Pb2+ and Cr3+ from the biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C was approximately 2/3 and 1/10 of that from the biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C, respectively. A growth experiment on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli revealed that the toxicity of the copyrolyzed biochar was greatly reduced. This work can provide a method for heavy metal fixation and simultaneous resource recovery from organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong-Chao Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Ying Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zi-Yan Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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17
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Yuan Z, Ma W, Zhu N, Zhu Y, Wu S, Lou Z. Identifying the fate of nitrogenous species during sewage sludge pyrolysis via in-situ tracing of protein-sludge inherent components interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160437. [PMID: 36427709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of interactions between different components in sewage sludge on the thermochemical transformation of nitrogenous species is usually neglected, which is important to explain the generation mechanism of some key nitrogenous by-products. Here, we investigated the distribution, form, and chemical properties of the products from sludge-extracted protein (PR) under different pyrolysis scenarios using several in-situ probe techniques, to elucidate the critical role of typical sludge organics/inorganics on the evolution of nitrogenous intermediates and by-products. The results suggested that Ca/Fe/Si/Al-containing inorganics significantly affected the pyrolytic behavior of PR and the thermal transformation of nitrogenous species, while sludge organics, including humic acids and polysaccharides, had limited effects on the temperature-dependent evolution of nitrogenous species in PR. Among them, calcium oxide catalyzed the ring-opening reaction of heterocyclic-N with aromatic-like structures, resulting in a 21.1 %-68.8 % reduction in nitrogen fixation efficiency in the char. At lower temperatures (350-450 °C), calcium oxide caused more nitrogen to be transferred to the gas/tar phases in the form of NH3 and heterocyclic-N, and it also enhanced the conversion of nitrile-N → HCN → NO at temperatures above 450 °C. In contrast, polyferric salts inhibited the devolatilization of mono-heterocyclic-N and enhanced the thermal stability of poly-heterocyclic-N, resulting in a maximum increase of 18.5 mg·g-1 of nitrogen content in the char, while reducing the release of NH3 and HCN by 71.1 % and 32.0 %. This work elucidated the interaction between PR and inherent components in sludge, providing key information for the control of nitrogenous volatiles and NOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shaolin Wu
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Liu X, Tian K, Chen Z, Wei W, Xu B, Ni BJ. Online TG-FTIR-MS analysis of the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129881. [PMID: 36063710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected in urban waters, which would pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Thus, efficient approaches to the elimination of MPs are urgently required. Pyrolysis is a powerful technique for the potential treatment of MPs. The online thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared reflection-Mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) is applied for tracking the pyrolysis process of representative polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs in urban waters, together with or without the FeAlOx catalyst. TG could quantitatively determine the decomposition behavior and kinetics of MPs while FTIR and MS spectra would be capable of characterizing the pyrolysis products. The results revealed that FeAlOx is an excellent carbon support, and the deposited carbon can be gasified to CO at higher pyrolysis temperatures. Moreover, more aromatic compounds were generated from the pyrolysis of PE MPs with the catalyzation of FeAlOx. Large quantities of benzene were also produced in the PVC MPs pyrolysis with or without FeAlOx. Also, FeAlOx largely decreased the concentrations of chlorine-containing compounds in the liquid products of PVC MPs pyrolysis. This study provides a efficient technique for the online observation of the MPs' catalytic pyrolysis process, which would guide future upcycling of MPs into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bentuo Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Wang W, Li D, Xiang P, Zheng Y, Zheng Z, Lin X, He X, Liu C. One-Step Pyrolysis of Nitrogen-Containing Chemicals and Biochar Derived from Walnut Shells to Absorb Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315193. [PMID: 36499539 PMCID: PMC9739699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis of biomass is an efficient means of utilizing biomass resources. Biomass can be converted into various high-performance chemicals and functional materials through pyrolysis. However, current pyrolysis technologies suffer from low conversion rates and single products, so the preparation of nitrogen compounds with high economic value remains a challenge. The walnut shell was soaked in three nitrogen-containing compound solutions before carbonization to produce high-value-added nitrogen-containing chemicals (with a nitrogen content of 59.09%) and biochar for the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). According to biochar analysis, biochar has a porous structure with a specific surface area of 1161.30 m2/g and a high level of rocky desertification. The surface forms a dense pyrrole structure, and the structure produces π-π interactions with naphthalene molecules, exhibiting excellent naphthalene adsorption with a maximum capacity of 214.98 mg/g. This study provides an efficient, rapid, and environmentally friendly method for producing nitrogen-containing chemicals with high-added value and biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Donghua Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhifeng Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiahong He
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.L.)
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20
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Feng L, Tian B, Zhang L, Yang M. Pyrolysis of hydrazine hydrate waste salt: Thermal behaviors and transformation characteristics of organics under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116304. [PMID: 36261970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The production of large quantities of industrial waste salts is becoming an issue of increasing concern with the adoption of the "zero liquid discharge" process for wastewater treatment. Recovery of waste salts as a useful resource after purification provides the best means of solving this problem. In this study, pyrolysis was studied as a purification technique to treat waste salt generated during hydrazine hydrate production (N2H4 WS) within the temperature range of 25-600 °C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic pyrolysis achieved 99.3% organic removal at a temperature that was 50 °C lower than was that achieved by anaerobic pyrolysis (600 °C). The formation of strong fluorescent species at 400 °C during anaerobic pyrolysis was detected using fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM). These species were confirmed to be heterocyclic-N compounds, including pyridinic N and pyrrolic N, that were formed through cyclization reactions, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS). Harmful gases such as HCN and NH3 were released during anaerobic pyrolysis, and this may have been partially associated with the decomposition of heterocyclic-N compounds. Moreover, aerobic pyrolysis effectively reduced CO2 emissions by 8.7% based on energy consumption calculations. Therefore, aerobic pyrolysis is preferable for the purification of N2H4 WS owing to its low decomposition temperature, minimal release of harmful gaseous compounds, and low carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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21
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Li T, Song F, Wu F, Huang X, Bai Y. Heterogeneous Dynamic Behavior and Synergetic Evolution Mechanism of Internal Components and Released Gases during the Pyrolysis of Aquatic Biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13595-13606. [PMID: 36102145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of gaseous contaminants from biomass pyrolysis has drawn increasing attention. However, the thermal degradation, dynamics, and synergetic evolution mechanisms during real-time biomass pyrolysis remain unclear. Herein, a novel method using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC/MS) combined with thermal kinetics and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was proposed to explore the chemical properties and temperature response mechanisms of gaseous species released during Phragmites communis (PC) and Typha angustifolia (TA) pyrolysis. The thermal degradation mechanisms of PC/TA pyrolysis were mainly associated with the sigmoidal rate and random nucleation mechanisms. The formation intensities of alcohols/ethers, phenols/esters, acids, aldehydes, and ketones were higher during low-temperature TA pyrolysis and high-temperature PC pyrolysis. The average carbon oxidation state (OS¯C) of gaseous species mainly ranged from -1.5 to -0.5, and the OS¯C slope of most gaseous species was greater than -2.0, which was related to the reduction of aldehyde/ketone groups. Two-dimensional (2D)-TG-FTIR-COS analysis revealed that the sequential temperature response of gaseous species followed: acids → phenols, esters → aldehydes → hydrocarbons → alcohols, ethers → aromatics during PC/TA pyrolysis. The establishment of relationships between the sequential response of gases and degraded components provides an important basis for online monitoring/recovery of gaseous contaminants during biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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22
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Liu Y, Sun Z, Ji L, Shen J, Li S, Long J, Ma F, Gu Q. Systematic study on dynamic pyrolysis behaviors, products, and mechanisms of weathered petroleum-contaminated soil with Fe 2O 3. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155197. [PMID: 35427617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Weathered petroleum-contaminated soil (WPCS) with a high proportion of heavy hydrocarbons is difficult to remediate. Our previous research demonstrated that Fe2O3-assisted pyrolysis was a cost-effective technology for the remediation of WPCS. However, the pyrolysis behaviors, products, and mechanisms of the WPCS with Fe2O3 are still unclear. In this study, a combination of Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) techniques were used to explore these pyrolysis characteristics. The thermal desorption/degradation of light and heavy hydrocarbons in the WPCS mainly occurred at 200-400 °C and 400-550 °C, respectively. The activation energy of thermal reaction of heavy hydrocarbons was decreased in the presence of Fe2O3 during the WPCS pyrolysis processes. In the process, the released inorganic gaseous products were mainly H2O and CO2, while the released organic gaseous compounds were primarily cycloalkanes, alkanes, acids/esters, alcohols, and aldehydes. Compared with the WPCS pyrolysis without Fe2O3, the yields of gaseous products released during the WPCS pyrolysis with Fe2O3 were reduced significantly, and some gaseous products were even not detected. This phenomenon was contributed by the following two reasons: 1) heavy hydrocarbons in the WPCS were more easily transformed into coke in the presence of Fe2O3 during pyrolysis; 2) some released gaseous products were reacted with Fe2O3 and fixed on the soil particles. Therefore, the WPCS pyrolysis with Fe2O3 can effectively reduce the burden of tail gas treatment. Criado method analysis results suggested that the reaction mechanism of heavy hydrocarbons during the WPCS pyrolysis with Fe2O3 was rendered as the synergic effects of diffusion, order-based, and random nucleation and growth reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zongquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Longjie Ji
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jialun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, China.
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23
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Geng N, Wang Y, Zhang D, Fan X, Li E, Han Z, Zhao X. An electro-peroxone oxidation-Fe(III) coagulation sequential conditioning process for the enhanced waste activated sludge dewatering: Bound water release and organics multivariate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155272. [PMID: 35427618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a by-product of wastewater treatment, waste activated sludge (WAS) has complex composition, strong hydrophilic extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which make it difficult to dewater. In this study, an electro-peroxone oxidation-Fe(III) coagulation (E-peroxone-Fe(III)) sequential conditioning approach was developed to improve WAS dewaterability. At E-peroxone oxidation stage, hydrogen peroxide was generated through 2-electron path on a carbon polytetrafluoroethylene cathode, and reacted with the sparged O3 to produce hydroxyl radicals. At the subsequent coagulation stage, Fe(III) was dosed to coagulate the small WAS fragments and release water from WAS. Along E-peroxone-Fe(III) subsequent conditioning process, the physicochemical properties of WAS, main components, functional groups and evolution of protein secondary structure, and typical amino acids in EPS, as well as the type and semi-quantitative of elements in WAS, were investigated. The results indicated that under the optimal conditions, the reductions of specific resistance to filterability (SRF) and capillary suction time (CST) for WAS equalled 78.18% and 71.06%, respectively, and its bound water content decreased from 8.87 g/g TSS to 7.67 g/g TSS. After E-peroxone oxidation, part of protein and polysaccharide migrated outside from TB-EPS to slime, the ratio of α-helix/(β-sheet + random coil) declined, even some of organic-N disintegrated to inorganic-N. At Fe(III) coagulation stage, re-coagulation of the dispersed WAS fragments and easy extraction from inner EPS for protein and polysaccharide occurred. Furthermore, the protein secondary structure of β-sheet increased by 13.48%, the contents of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids also increased. In addition, a strong negative correlation between the hydrophobic amino acid content of Met in slime and CST or SRF (R2CST = -0.999, p < 0.05 or R2SRF = -0.948, p < 0.05) occurred, while a strong positive correlation between the hydrophilic amino acid content of Cys in TB-EPS and CST or SRF (R2CST = 0.992, p < 0.05 or R2SRF = 0.921, p < 0.05) occurred, which could be related to the WAS dewaterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Geng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Daxin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Soil & Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fan
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Enrui Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Zhu A, Wu Y, Wang M, Lan G, Xia Y, Liu C, Ji X, Shen J, Li T, Fu C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Pan M. Effect of FeCl3 combined with biochar as dewatering conditioners on sludge pyrolysis products. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Liu H, Chen Y, Yang H, Hu J, Wang X, Chen H. Evolution pathway of nitrogen in hydrothermal liquefaction polygeneration of Spirulina as the typical high-protein microalgae. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Yang W, Zou L, Shao H, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Research on Thermal Behaviors and NO x Release Properties during Combustion of Sewage Sludge, Sawdust, and Their Blends. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20172-20185. [PMID: 35721896 PMCID: PMC9201894 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the thermal behaviors and NO x emission properties during combustion of sewage sludge (SS), sawdust (SD), and their blends (SS5SD5, SS3SD7, and SS1SD9 with SD proportions of 50, 70, and 90 wt %, respectively), tests were conducted using thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a tube furnace in this study. Results indicated that hydrogen in the fuel was mainly released during volatile combustion, and carbon conversion proceeded during the whole combustion process. With the SD proportion increasing, samples exhibited better combustion characteristics. Compared to SD, SS emitted more NO x due to its higher nitrogen content but showed lower conversion ratios from fuel nitrogen to NO x , and the NO x yields decreased significantly with the increase in SD proportion. NO x emissions of higher volatile samples were more sensitive to temperature, and NO x yields of SD and SS1SD9 continued to decrease from 800 to 1000 °C, whereas NO x yields of SS, SS5SD5, and SS3SD7 changed slightly from 800 to 900 °C and decreased significantly from 900 to 1000 °C. Synergistic effects of cocombustion on NO x emission varied with the blending ratio and temperature. SS5SD5 and SS3SD7 always presented a positive NO x reduction performance, and SS1SD9 exhibited opposite NO x reduction effects at different temperatures. Synthetically considering the SS disposal capacity, combustion characteristic, and NO x yield, an SS proportion of around 30% in blends is more recommended in practical applications.
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27
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Chen L, Jiang X, Chen W, Dai Z, Wu J, Ma S, Jiang W. H2O2-assisted self-template synthesis of N-doped biochar with interconnected mesopore for efficient H2S removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Wang Y, Jia L, Guo B, Wang B, Zhang L, Zheng X, Xiang J, Jin Y. N migration and transformation during the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 145:83-91. [PMID: 35525001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime is considered a promising technique for reducing the volume of sewage sludge, adding value, and decreasing the risks associated with these wastes. This work aimed to study N migration and transformation mechanisms and the related interactions during the co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS) by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that the main N-containing gases produced during the combustion of SS and CS were NH3 generated from Amino-N at 200-400 °C and HCN generated from heterocyclic nitrogen at 400-600 °C, respectively. The increase of CS ratio led to a decrease in the release of NH3 and NO, but an increase in the release of HCN. Distinct interactions were observed during the co-combustion process, which promoted the production of NH3 and inhibited the production of HCN and NO. Co-combustion inhibited the release of NO by 36.9% when the CS ratio was 50%. The interaction mechanism suggested that H radicals from SS promoted the premature decomposition of N species in CS, and increased the selectivity of N species for NH3 formation by promoting the conversion of heterocyclic-N to Amino-N. In addition, the interaction of char (in SS) and char (in CS) enhanced the reduction of NO. Above 600 °C, co-combustion promoted the retention of N species in the ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Jia
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Baihe Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Biru Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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29
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhao R, Chen T, Wu J. Release of nitrogen during thermochemical conversion of Shenhua bituminous coal under Ar,
CO
2
, and air atmospheres. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao China
| | - Ruidong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao China
| | - Tianju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao China
| | - Jinhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao China
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30
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Song F, Li T, Wu F, Leung KMY, Bai Y, Zhao X. Dynamic Evolution and Covariant Response Mechanism of Volatile Organic Compounds and Residual Functional Groups during the Online Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass Fuels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5409-5420. [PMID: 35394270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from pyrolysis of widely used biomass are expected to increase significantly under the carbon neutrality target. However, the dynamic emissions and evolution mechanism of biomass-VOCs remain unclear, hindered by complex reactions and offline measurements. Here, we propose a novel covariant evolution mechanism to interpret the emission heterogeneities, sequential temperature responses, and evolved correlations of both VOCs and residual functional groups (RFGs) during corn straw (CS), wood pellet (WP), and semibituminous coal (SBC) pyrolysis. An innovative combination of online thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and two dimensional-correlation spectroscopy was applied. The relative percentages of CS/WP-VOCs were higher than those of SBC-VOCs, and most VOCs tended to have relatively small carbon skeletons as the average carbon oxidation state increased. With the temperature increased from low to high during CS/WP pyrolysis, the primary sequential response of VOCs (acids → phenols/esters → alcohols/ethers/aldehydes/ketones → hydrocarbons/aromatics) corresponded to the RFG response (hydroxyl groups → -CH3/-CH2-/-CH groups → aliphatic ethers and conjugated ketones). Compared with the relative regularity for CS/WP responses, the gas-solid products from SBC pyrolysis exhibited complex temperature-dependent responses and high oxidation-induced variability. These insights provide favorable strategies for the online monitoring system to facilitate priority removal of coal and biomass fuels-VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhou C, Deng Z, Li X, Liu Y, Qu J, Li X, Wang L, Dai J, Fu J, Zhang C, Yu M, Yu H. Influence of corn straw on distribution and migration of nitrogen and heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152303. [PMID: 34896502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored pyrolysis characteristics, nitrogen transformation and migration of heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge in a continuously operated auger pyrolyser at different temperatures and corn straw ratios. The results showed higher temperatures and more corn straw resulted in more gas yield (e.g., CO2, CO, CH4 and H2) and less char yield. 5 wt% corn straw addition at 750 °C achieved high-quality bio-oil with less O-containing compounds, which was more favorable for upgrading to transportation fuels. Sludge chars prepared at higher corn straw ratios had lower ratios of H/C and N/C, and higher carbon content. Nitrogen transformation pathways and mechanisms were investigated. The residual ratio of heavy metals (except Cd) in sludge char was 67.74-100%. However, the residual ratio of Cd decreased significantly to 6.46% at 750 °C. Concentrations of all heavy metals in sludge char conformed to national standard (CJ/T 362-2011, China), and the potential ecological risk was slight. Sludge chars prepared in the presence of corn straw had lower ecological risk and higher retention capacity of heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni) compared with pyrolysis of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zeyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junshen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hejie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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32
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Wang H, Yang Y, Wu B, Chai X, Dai X. Highly efficient solid-liquid separation of anaerobically digested liquor of food waste: Conditioning approach screening and mechanistic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152416. [PMID: 34923015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is known for its effectiveness and environmental friendliness in treating food waste. However, it produces anaerobically digested liquor (ADL). ADL usually has a high solid content and high concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) carried by suspended solids (SS). Thus, when ADL with amounts of SS reaches the subsequent biochemical treatment units, they negatively impact the microbial stability of corresponding processes, causing unstable effluent qualities. For this reason, the solid-liquid separation of ADL acts as a crucial step for the wide application of anaerobic digestion. In this work, the typical sludge conditioning approaches, including flocculation/coagulation, coagulation, oxidation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), were systematically screened for their feasibility in enhancing the solid-liquid separation of ADL. The modified Fenton treatment combined with centrifugation was found to be the most effective approach, which realized the removal of 91.36% SS with FeSO4•7 H2O (5.96 g/L) and H2O2 (2.79 g/L) but without pH adjustment of ADL. The mechanism analysis showed that the modified Fenton promoted ADL colloidal aggregates to form looser medium-sized flocs with pores, increased the zeta potential to -17.6 mV, and highly reduced the total interfacial free energy. Also, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were released into liquid phase, which further eliminated the water-retaining properties of solid compositions. The analysis of surface chemical composition suggested that the modified Fenton decreased the hydrophilic component from 53.37% to 43.81% and the relative content of protein-N from 45.43% to 23.57%, while increased carbon chain and hydrocarbyl species. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that SS, zeta potential, Lewis acid-base interfacial free energy, two-dimensional fractal index (2-Df) and C-(N, O) relative content were more sensitive to variations in conditioning approaches than protein-N relative content, and hydroxyl free radical (•OH) played the key role for the modified Fenton to improve SS removal from ADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, 901 Zhongshan North 2nd Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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33
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Wang X, Shen Y, Liu X, Ma T, Wu J, Qi G. Fly ash and H 2O 2 assisted hydrothermal carbonization for improving the nitrogen and sulfur removal from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133209. [PMID: 34896175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fly ash and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was used to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) from sewage sludge (SS). The removal rate and distribution of N and S in hydrochar were evaluated, and properties of the aqueous phase were analyzed to illustrate the N and S transformation mechanism during fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment of SS. The results suggested that during HTC process assisted by fly ash (10% of raw SS), dehydration, decarboxylation and hydrolysis of SS were strengthened due to the catalysis effect. The N and S removal were promoted marginally. For hydrochar achieved from HTC process with H2O2 addition, the N and S removal were improved slightly due to the biopolymer oxidization by ‧OH released from H2O2 decomposition. While for HTC treatment with fly ash and H2O2 supplementation, a positive synergistic effect on N and S removal was observed. The N and S removal obtained from fly ash (10% of raw SS) and H2O2 (48 g/L) assisted HTC increased to 81.71% and 62.83%, respectively, from those of 69.53% and 49.92% in control group. N and S removal mechanism analysis suggested that hydroxyl radicals (‧OH) produced by H2O2 decomposition will destroy SS structure, and the biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins will be decomposed to release N and S into the liquid residue. In addition, the fly ash acts as the catalyst will decrease the energy need for denification and desulfartion. Consequently, N and S removal efficiency was enhanced by fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China; Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Gaoxiang Qi
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China.
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Du Z, Hu A, Wang Q, Ai J, Zhang W, Liang Y, Cao M, Wu H, Wang D. Molecular composition and biotoxicity effects of dissolved organic matters in sludge-based carbon: Effects of pyrolysis temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127346. [PMID: 34601409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge pyrolysis carbonization has shown potential to convert sludge biomass into multifunctional carbon materials. However, ecological risks of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) with obscure molecular characteristics retaining in sludge-based carbons (SBCs) have received little attention. This study investigated the impact of pyrolysis temperatures on the molecular conversion and biotoxicity effects of DOMs in SBCs. The results revealed that DOMs in SBCs300-400 were mainly derived from depolymerization of biopolymers and the polycondensation and cyclization of small intermediate molecules, which mainly consisted of aromatic CHON compounds with 1-3 N atoms, featuring high unsaturation and molecular weights. High-temperature pyrolysis (500-800 °C) promoted the decomposition and ring-opening of aromatic CHON compounds into saturated aliphatic CHO compounds with 2-4 O atoms in SBCs500-800. Noteworthily, SBCs300-400-derived DOMs showed relatively strong biotoxicity on the growth and development of wild-type zebrafish embryos, pakchoi seeds, and Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67, which was significantly related to aromatic amines, phenols, and heterocyclic-N compounds in DOMs of SBCs300-400. SBCs500-800-derived DOMs were mainly straight-chain fatty acids and showed no observable acute biotoxicity. This study highlights the negative impact of DOMs in SBCs on the ecological environment, and provides the theoretical basis for controlling toxic byproducts in sludge pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Qiandi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Tao S, Liang S, Wu X, Hou H, Yu W, Xiao K, Liu B, Yuan S, Hu J, Yang J. Enhanced silicon bioavailability of biochar derived from sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent and lime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150941. [PMID: 34653465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sewage sludge that requires proper treatments. In this study, the biochar pyrolyzed by sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent and lime (referred to as Fenton-lime system) was first used as an efficient silicon fertilizer for rice cultivation. When the pyrolysis temperature was 750 °C, the dissolved silicon and available silicon contents in biochar derived from sludge conditioned with Fenton-lime system were much higher than those in raw sludge derived biochar without conditioning (3.49 vs. 0.72, 77.25 vs. 2.33 mg/g dry solid, respectively). The enhanced available silicon content was attributed to the newly formed calcium aluminosilicate from the reactions between the added lime and silicon-rich phases in sludge. The rice cultivated with biochar derived from Fenton-lime conditioned sludge showed improved biomass of stem and root by 76.85% and 36.11%, respectively, compared to blank group without the addition of Si source. Heavy metals and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in rice were not observed after a culture period of 30 days in the application of sludge-derived biochar as silicon fertilizer. This study provides a promising approach for sewage sludge recycling as an efficient silicon fertilizer in silicon-deficiency land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Tao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shushan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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36
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Wan G, Bei L, Yu J, Xu L, Sun L. Products distribution and hazardous elements migration during pyrolysis of oily sludge from the oil refining process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132524. [PMID: 34637869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oily sludge is a hazardous waste due to the enrichment of nitrogen, sulfur, PAHs, and heavy metals. In this work, an oily sludge from oil refining factory was pyrolyzed at various temperatures of 250-850 °C in a fixed bed reactor focusing on product distribution and migration of hazardous compounds of PAHs, sulfur, nitrogen-containing compounds, and heavy metals. The mechanism of PAHs formation and migration of nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metals were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of the solid, liquid, and gas products. The distribution and risk analysis of heavy metals were also conducted. The pyrolytic products distribution was markedly affected by pyrolysis temperatures. A maximum oil yield was observed at 500 °C, which can further crack into gas due to secondary reaction. The pyrolytic gas was enriched in the order of CO2 > CO > CH4 > H2. At lower temperatures, CO2 was largely generated due to the elimination of oxygen-containing functional groups, while H2 was mainly formed above 450 °C due to the recombination reaction. Higher temperatures promoted more N-/S-containing compounds into tar and gas phases. The N-/S-containing compounds mainly included NH3, HCN, H2S, SO2, COS in the gas phase and amines, indoles, pyridines, nitriles, thiophenes in liquid phase. PAHs with 2-ring to 5-ring were mainly generated due to the secondary reaction at higher temperatures. Moreover, Pyrolysis caused the accumulation of heavy metals in chars. Cd presented a high potential risk while the other heavy metals in chars presented a low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Linlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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37
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Bi D, Huang F, Jiang M, He Z, Lin X. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in biochar from co-pyrolysis of urea and cellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150339. [PMID: 34537697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar derived from nitrogen-rich pyrolysis of biomass can be used as a soil conditioner, but it contains a large amount of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs). EPFRs are a newly identified environmentally harmful substance, and the detection and research on EPFRs in nitrogen-rich pyrolyzed char is lacking. Biochars prepared from cellulose-urea mixtures at different temperatures, residence times, and urea ratios were analyzed in this study. EPFRs in biochar prepared at 500 °C had the highest spin concentrations. Substituted aromatic compounds were the precursors to the EPFRs. The types of EPFRs in biochars shifted from oxygen-centered at 400 °C to carbon- and oxygen-centered in the 450-600 °C range due to a reduction in oxygen-containing functional groups. Residence time experiments showed that most EPFRs formed in the first 5 min of pyrolysis. C was the main element used for the formation of EPFRs, while N content was negatively correlated with the concentration of EPFRs. Pyrolysis temperature was the key factor determining the types of EPFRs produced, while proportion of urea only affected the concentrations of EPFRs and not type. The results of this study are of great significance for understanding the environmental behavior of common EPFRs in nitrogen-rich biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Bi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Fupeng Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhisen He
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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38
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Hoang SA, Bolan N, Madhubashani AMP, Vithanage M, Perera V, Wijesekara H, Wang H, Srivastava P, Kirkham MB, Mickan BS, Rinklebe J, Siddique KHM. Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118564. [PMID: 34838711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers; therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential; however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mientrung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen, 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - A M P Madhubashani
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vishma Perera
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- CSIRO, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bede S Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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Li L, Zhang F, Tu R, Yu H, Wang H, Sun Y, Jiang E, Xu X. N,N-Dimethylformamide solvent assisted hydrothermal pretreatment of Chlorella for coproduction of sugar, nitrogenous compounds and carbon dots. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126143. [PMID: 34678449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to their ease of cultivation, short growth cycle and no occupation of cultivated land. In this study, N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent was employed to assist hydrothermal pretreatment of Chlorella for coproduction of sugar, nitrogenous compounds and carbon dots (CDs). The effect of pretreatment conditions on the composition and pyrolysis bio-oil distribution of hydrothermal solid residues as well as CDs characteristic were investigated by varying the temperature (180-220 ℃) and reaction time (1-9 h). The results showed that pretreated residues had higher cellulose. And the yield of sugar and N-contained compounds reached 41.59% and 63.57% in the pyrolysis bio-oil of pretreated algae residues, respectively. Moreover, CDs obtained from hydrothermal solution fluoresced red under 365 nm excitation. The paper provides a new method for the complete utilization of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ren Tu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Enchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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40
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Ding Z, Liu J, Chen H, Huang S, Evrendilek F, He Y, Zheng L. Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149397. [PMID: 34371397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB) in terms of their performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products. The pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics with its high calorific value and low ash content can offset the poor mono-pyrolytic performance of TDS. The synergistic mechanisms occurred mainly in the range of 400-550 °C. The addition of 10% SY or MB achieved the best co-pyrolysis performance with the lowest activation energy. The co-pyrolysis increased the contents of CH4 and CH but reduced CO2 emission. The co-pyrolysis released more fatty hydrocarbons, alcohols, and cyclic hydrocarbon during but reduced the yields of ethers and furans, through the synergistic mechanisms. The addition of the polyolefin plastics made the micro surface particles of chars smaller and looser. Our results can benefit energy utilization, pollution control, and optimal operational conditions for the industrial thermochemical conversions of hazardous wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huashan Chen
- Guoke (Foshan) Testing and Certification Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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41
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Pan J, Jiang H, Qing T, Zhang J, Tian K. Transformation and kinetics of chlorine-containing products during pyrolysis of plastic wastes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131348. [PMID: 34214932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis can not only effectively dispose of plastic wastes but also reclaim valuable chemicals and biochar. However, the production and release of second pollutants, particularly chlorine-containing products, have been neglected. The mechanism for the transformation of chlorine during the pyrolysis of plastic wastes remains unclear. Herein, a thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared mass spectrometry technology was used to investigate the migration and transformation of substances during the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic from 200 °C to 900 °C with heating rates of 5, 50, 100, 150, and 200 K min-1. Results show the first stage of weight loss is at 200 °C-360 °C, where the dehydrochlorination of PVC mainly occurred, accompanied by the formation of conjugated double bonds and a small number of hydrocarbon compounds. The second stage of weight loss is at 360 °C-550 °C, where the breakage and rearrangement of the long polyethene chain may occur. Kinetics analysis shows the higher activation energy value is in the second stage, which indicates that the second stage reaction is less likely to occur and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method is more suitable for the study of plastic pyrolysis kinetics. This study suggests that second pollutants can be minimized during controllable pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Xiangtan University School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Taiping Qing
- Xiangtan University School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Xiangtan University School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Ke Tian
- Xiangtan University School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
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42
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Wang P, Yan J, Wang S, Xu P, Shen L, Song T. Synergistic effects of lanthanum ferrite perovskite and hydrogen to promote ammonia production during microalgae catalytic pyrolysis process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125641. [PMID: 34364085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) production from nitrogen-enriched renewable resources pyrolysis is a green, clean, and sustainable technology. In this paper, lanthanum ferrite perovskite (LaFeO3) and hydrogen (H2) atmosphere were combined to enhance NH3 production during microalgae pyrolysis. The catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The results show that the synergistic effects between H2 and LaFeO3 promote the fuel-nitrogen transfer into gas phase, while nitrogen in biochar and bio-oil significantly decreases. H2 and LaFeO3 not only favor the conversion of protein-N to pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and quaternary-N in char, but also accelerate the deamination of amides, pyrroles, and pyridines, thus facilitating the formation of NH3. Pyrolysis temperature plays a considerable role in distribution and conversion of N-species. Increasing temperature increases NH3 and HCN yields, the maximum NH3 yield reaches 47.40 wt% at 800 °C. Moreover, LaFeO3 shows considerable stability during 10 cyclic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingchun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Laihong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Tao Song
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Yang X, Luo Z, Yan B, Wang Y, Yu C. Evaluation on nitrogen conversion during biomass torrefaction and its blend co-combustion with coal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125309. [PMID: 34082335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, biomass torrefaction was combined with coal co-combustion to illustrate the differences in biomass performance and the mechanisms of migration and transformation of nitrogen over the entire course of thermal treatments. XPS analysis illustrated that torrefaction in CO2 suppressed the conversion of pyrrole-N (N-5) to quaternary-N (N-Q), whereas the trend for an O2 atmosphere moved in the opposite direction. During co-combustion, the impact on NO emission reduction shifted from positive to negative as the pretreatment temperature was raised, which is closely related to the six elementary reactions involving the intermediacy of NCO and NH, as well as to heterogeneous reduction of NO with char. In addition, torrefaction in a N2/O2 atmosphere at a lower temperature of 250 °C improved the properties of biomass and achieved the lowest NO emission during co-combustion, which provides the supporting theory needed for using effluent in power plants as a torrefaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Bichen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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44
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Zou L, Song L, Li M, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Dong B, Zhou J, Li X. Differential Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on Gaseous Products from Sequential Pyrolysis of Three Organic Solid Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22103-22113. [PMID: 34497902 PMCID: PMC8412929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that anaerobic digestion (AD) has an effect on the liquid and solid product property of sequential pyrolysis, but its influence on the gaseous products is lacking. In this study, syngas produced by pyrolysis from three raw organic solid wastes and the corresponding digestates, i.e., food waste, vinasse, and cow manure were investigated. AD causes a decrease in the contents of volatile solid, fixed carbon, C, H, and N and an increase in the S content. The weight loss of the wastes mainly occurs at 200-550 °C during the pyrolysis and the loss of the food waste and vinasse is higher than that of cow manure. In the carbon (C)-containing gas, AD leads to a decrease in the CH4 content of the syngas, implying that the heat values of the digestates are lower than that of the raw substrates. After AD, the total amount of nitrogen (N)-containing gas from the vinasse increases by 40.1%, while that from cow manure decreases by 14.1%. On the contrary, the total amount of sulfur (S)-containing groups in the syngas from vinasse drop by 22.0%, while that from cow manure increases by 9.1%. In addition, slight changes in the C-, N-, and S-containing gases are found from food waste. The results indicate that AD has a different effect on the N- and S- containing gaseous groups from different organic solid wastes, and the mechanisms deserve further investigation. The findings supply a theoretical foundation for environmental-friendly application of syngas from the digestates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpei Zou
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lin Song
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Man Li
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - John Zhou
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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45
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Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Based on the global need to efficiently eliminate highly produced amounts of sewage sludge, alternative technologies are required to be practically developed. Reduction of sewage sludge waste quantities with energy recovery is the most important and modern practice, with least possible impact on the environment. Appropriate technologies for treating and disposal sewage sludge are currently considered: incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The main products generated during the pyrolysis process are bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-residue, providing sustainable fuels/ biofuels and adsorbents. Compared to other disposal methods of sewage sludge, pyrolysis has advantages in terms of the environment: waste in small quantities, low emissions, low level of heavy metals. From a technological point of view, pyrolysis is the most efficient in relation to its final products, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and solid residue that can be transformed into CO2 adsorbent with the help of chemical and thermal activation processes. The incineration process of sewage sludge has a number of disadvantages both environmentally and technologically: organic pollutants, heavy metals, toxic pollutants and ash resulting from combustion that needs a disposal process. A comparison of different types of sewage sludge elimination for the energy recovery is described in the present paper.
Article Highlights
Sewage sludge is a waste in increasing quantities, which requires disposal and energy recovery, in a clean way for the environment.
The pyrolysis process of sewage sludge is the cleanest method of its recovery. Pyrolysis products, bio-oil, syngas and biochar, can be used as alternative fuels to fossil fuels.
The pyrolysis process of the sewage sludge is the most advantageous from the point of view of the obtained products and of the environment, in comparison with the incineration and gasification processes.
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Wu W, Zhu S, Huang X, Wei W, Jin C, Ni BJ. Determination of Instinct Components of Biomass on the Generation of Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs) as Critical Redox Sites in Pyrogenic Chars for Persulfate Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7690-7701. [PMID: 33998225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS) activation on biochar (BC) is a promising technology for degrading the aqueous organic contaminants. However, the complexity of activation mechanisms and components in biomass that used to produce BC makes it difficult to predict the performance of PS activation. In this study, we employed eight sludges as the representative biomass that contained absolutely different organic or inorganic components. Results showed that the elemental composition, surface properties, and structures of the sludge-derived BCs (SBCs) clearly depended on the inherent components in the sludges. The intensities of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) correlated positively with N-containing content of sludges as electron shuttle, but negatively with the metal content as electron acceptor. Linking with PFRs as crucial sites of triggering a radical reaction, a poly-parameter relationship of predicting PS activation for organic degradation using the sludge components was established (kobs,PN = 0.004 × Cprotein + 0.16 × CM-0.895 -0.118). However, for the PS activation on those SBCs without PFRs, this redox process only relied on the sorption or conductivity-related characteristics, not correlating with the content of intrinsic components in biomass but with pyrolysis temperatures. This study provided insightful information of predicting the remediation efficiency of PS activation on BCs and further understanding the fate of contaminants and stoichiometric efficiency of oxidants in a field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shishu Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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47
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Zheng L, Yu Y, Yang J, Zhang Q, Jiang J. Inhibiting effect of inhibitors on ignition sensitivity of wood dust. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Ahmetshin MR, Nyashina GS, Medvedev VV. Gas Emissions in the Combustion of Slurry Fuels Containing Petroleum Waste. COKE AND CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068364x21040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Shen M, Zhu X, Shang H, Feng F, Ok YS, Zhang S. Molecular characterization and environmental impacts of water-soluble organic compounds of bio-oil from the thermochemical treatment of domestic sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144050. [PMID: 33261874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds derived from bio-oil (WOCB) are regarded as potential risk sources of sludge thermochemical treatment. This study showed that 10.35 mg of water-soluble organic carbon and 1.32 mg of water-soluble organic nitrogen were released per gram of sludge when the final temperature of thermochemical treatment was 600 °C. WOCB was mainly formed at 300-500 °C. Furthermore, FT-ICR MS results indicated that high temperatures promoted deamination reactions, and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds with low oxygen number polymerized into aromatic compounds with increasing temperature. Noteworthily, WOCB released at 20-600 °C showed strong phytotoxicity to wheat. LMW compounds with lignin/carboxylic rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM)-like structures derived from low temperatures (200-400 °C) induced this inhibitory effect, but lipids containing nitrogen and sulfur from high temperatures (400-600 °C) can act as nutrients to promote wheat growth. This study provides theoretical support for the risk control and benefits assessments of sludge thermochemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
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50
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Xu D, Yang L, Zhao M, Zhang J, Syed-Hassan SSA, Sun H, Hu X, Zhang H, Zhang S. Conversion and transformation of N species during pyrolysis of wood-based panels: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116120. [PMID: 33341552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the migration and conversion of nitrogen in wood-based panels (WBPs) during pyrolysis is fundamentally important for potentially transforming the N-containing species into valuable material-based products. This review firstly summarizes the commonly used methods for examining N evolution during the WBPs pyrolysis before probing into the association between the wood and adhesives.The potential effects of wood-adhesive interaction on the pyrolysis process are subsequently analyzed. Furthermore, the controversial statements from literature on the influence of adhesives on wood pyrolysis behavior are discussed, which is followed by the detailed investigation into the distribution and evolution of N-containing species in gas, liquid and char, respectively, during WBPs pyrolysis in recent studies. The differences in N species due to the heating sources (i.e. electrical heating vs microwave heating) are particularly compared. Finally, based on the characteristics of staged pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, the converting pathways for WBPs are proposed with an emphasis on the production of value-added chemicals and carbon materials, simultaneously mitigating NOx emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | | | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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