1
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Wang CH, Adachi Y, Ohshita J. The Preparation of Dithieno[3,2- b:4,5- c']germole, and Its Application as a Donor Unit in Conjugated D-A Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:3553. [PMID: 39124957 PMCID: PMC11313974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 14 metalloles have attracted much attention as core structures of conjugated functional materials. In this work, we prepared dithieno[3,2-b:4,5-c']germole as a new unsymmetrically condensed dithienogermole and benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-c]germole as the benzene-condensed analog. The electronic states and properties of these unsymmetrically condensed germoles are discussed on the basis of the results of optical and electrochemical measurements with the help of quantum chemistry calculations on the simplified model compounds. The Stille cross-coupling reactions of bromodithieno[3,2-b:4,5-c']germole with di(stannylthienyl)- and di(stannylthiazolyl)benzothiadiazole provided conjugated donor-acceptor compounds that exhibited clear solvatochromic behavior in the photoluminescence spectra, indicating the potential application of the dithieno[3,2-b:4,5-c']germole unit as an electron donor in donor-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Huan Wang
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; (C.-H.W.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; (C.-H.W.); (Y.A.)
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Smart Innovation Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; (C.-H.W.); (Y.A.)
- Division of Materials Model-Based Research, Digital Monozukuri (Manufacturing) Education and Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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2
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Abbas F, Bousbih R, Ayub AR, Zahid S, Aljohani M, Amin MA, Waqas M, Soliman MS, Khera RA, Jahan N. A Theoretical Investigation for Exploring the Potential Performance of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Through Side-Chain Engineering Having Diphenylamino Groups to Enhance Photovoltaic Properties. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03805-7. [PMID: 38951306 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of ecofriendly fabrication phenomenon is essential requirement for commercialization of non-fullerene acceptors. Recently, end-capped modeling is employed for computational design of five non-fullerene acceptors to elevate various photovoltaic properties. All new molecules are formulated by altering the peripheral acceptors of CH3-2F and DFT methodology is employed to explore the opto-electronic, morphological and charge transfer analysis. From the computational investigation, all reported molecules manifested red shifted absorption with remarkable reduced band gap. Among investigated molecules, FA1-FA3 evinced effectively decreased value of band gaps and designed molecules have low excitation energy justifying proficient charge transference. The lower values of binding energy of FA1 and FA2 suggest their facile exciton dissociation leading to improved charge mobility. By blending with J61 donor, FA4 have sufficiently enhanced value of VOC (1.72 eV) and fill factor (0.9228). Energy loss of the model (R) is 0.57 eV and statistical calculation demonstrate that all our modified molecules except FA3 has profoundly reduced energy loss compelling in its pivotal utilization. From accessible supportive outcomes of recent investigation, it is recommended that our modified chromophore exhibit remarkable noteworthy applications in solar cells for forthcoming innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - R Bousbih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Soliman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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3
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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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4
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Wu Y, Yuan Y, Sorbelli D, Cheng C, Michalek L, Cheng HW, Jindal V, Zhang S, LeCroy G, Gomez ED, Milner ST, Salleo A, Galli G, Asbury JB, Toney MF, Bao Z. Tuning polymer-backbone coplanarity and conformational order to achieve high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2170. [PMID: 38461153 PMCID: PMC10924936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) offer improved morphological and mechanical stability compared with those containing small-molecule-acceptors (SMAs). They can be processed with a broader range of conditions, making them desirable for printing techniques. In this study, we report a high-performance polymer acceptor design based on bithiazole linker (PY-BTz) that are on par with SMAs. We demonstrate that bithiazole induces a more coplanar and ordered conformation compared to bithiophene due to the synergistic effect of non-covalent backbone planarization and reduced steric encumbrances. As a result, PY-BTz shows a significantly higher efficiency of 16.4% in comparison to the polymer acceptors based on commonly used thiophene-based linkers (i.e., PY-2T, 9.8%). Detailed analyses reveal that this improvement is associated with enhanced conjugation along the backbone and closer interchain π-stacking, resulting in higher charge mobilities, suppressed charge recombination, and reduced energetic disorder. Remarkably, an efficiency of 14.7% is realized for all-PSCs that are solution-sheared in ambient conditions, which is among the highest for devices prepared under conditions relevant to scalable printing techniques. This work uncovers a strategy for promoting backbone conjugation and planarization in emerging polymer acceptors that can lead to superior all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Christina Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Vishal Jindal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Garrett LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Scott T Milner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Materials Science Program, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA.
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5
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Altınışık S, Özdemir M, Kortun A, Zorlu Y, Yalçın B, Köksoy B, Koyuncu S. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Thiophene-Coumarin-Based Organic Semiconductors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3305-3316. [PMID: 38284035 PMCID: PMC10809254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are a valuable material class for optoelectronic applications due to their electronic and optical properties. Four new symmetric and asymmetric thiophene-coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki and Stille Cross-Coupling reactions. Single crystals of all synthesized thiophene-coumarin derivatives were obtained, and π···π interactions were observed among them. The π···π interactions were supported by UV-vis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analyses. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the coumarins were investigated and supported by density functional theory studies. Fluorescence quantum yields were recorded between 36 and 66%. Moreover, mega Stokes shifts (175 nm or 8920 cm-1) were observed in these new chromophore dyes. The emission and absorption colors of the thiophene-coumarin compounds differed between their solution and film forms. Electrochemically, the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the coumarins increased with the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene group, leading to a narrowing of the band gap, while the phenyl bridge weakened the donor-acceptor interaction, expanding the band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Altınışık
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Özdemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kortun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Yalçın
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Baybars Köksoy
- Department
of Chemistry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
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6
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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7
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Forti G, Pankow RM, Qin F, Cho Y, Kerwin B, Duplessis I, Nitti A, Jeong S, Yang C, Facchetti A, Pasini D, Marks TJ. Anthradithiophene (ADT)-Based Polymerized Non-Fullerene Acceptors for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300653. [PMID: 37191934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Realizing efficient all-polymer solar cell (APSC) acceptors typically involves increased building block synthetic complexity, hence potentially unscalable syntheses and/or prohibitive costs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and implementation in APSCs of three new polymer acceptors P1-P3 using a scalable donor fragment, bis(2-octyldodecyl)anthra[1,2-b : 5,6-b']dithiophene-4,10-dicarboxylate (ADT) co-polymerized with the high-efficiency acceptor units, NDI, Y6, and IDIC. All three copolymers have comparable photophysics to known polymers; however, APSCs fabricated by blending P1, P2 and P3 with donor polymers PM5 and PM6 exhibit modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with the champion P2-based APSC achieving PCE=5.64 %. Detailed morphological and microstructural analysis by AFM and GIWAXS reveal a non-optimal APSC active layer morphology, which suppresses charge transport. Despite the modest efficiencies, these APSCs demonstrate the feasibility of using ADT as a scalable and inexpensive electron rich/donor building block for APSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Forti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Pankow
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Brendan Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Isaiah Duplessis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, 30332, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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8
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He Q, Shaw J, Firdaus Y, Hu X, Ding B, Marsh AV, Dumon AS, Han Y, Fei Z, Anthopoulos TD, McNeill CR, Heeney M. p-Type Conjugated Polymers Containing Electron-Deficient Pentacyclic Azepinedione. Macromolecules 2023; 56:5825-5834. [PMID: 37576475 PMCID: PMC10413964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisthienoazepinedione (BTA) has been reported for constructing high-performing p-type conjugated polymers in organic electronics, but the ring extended version of BTA is not well explored. In this work, we report a new synthesis of a key building block to the ring expanded electron-deficient pentacyclic azepinedione (BTTA). Three copolymers of BTAA with benzodithiophene substituted by different side chains are prepared. These polymers exhibit similar energy levels and optical absorption in solution and solid state, while significant differences are revealed in their film morphologies and behavior in transistor and photovoltaic devices. The best-performing polymers in transistor devices contained alkylthienyl side chains on the BDT unit (pBDT-BTTA-2 and pBDT-BTTA-3) and demonstrated maximum saturation hole mobilities of 0.027 and 0.017 cm2 V-1 s-1. Blends of these polymers with PC71BM exhibited a best photovoltaic efficiency of 6.78% for pBDT-BTTA-3-based devices. Changing to a low band gap non-fullerene acceptor (BTP-eC9) resulted in improved efficiency of up to 13.5%. Our results are among the best device performances for BTA and BTTA-based p-type polymers and highlight the versatile applications of this electron-deficient BTTA unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Electronics, National Research
and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Komplek BRIN Jl. Sangkuriang Cisitu, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Xiantao Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Adam V. Marsh
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre S. Dumon
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yang Han
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Heeney
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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9
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Li C, Kiefel MJ. Facile dione protection to benzo[1,2- b:6,5- b']dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD) in triggering ultraviolet emission - A new member of the emissive 3,3'-bridged dithiophenes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4713-4720. [PMID: 36760278 PMCID: PMC9900312 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, 3,3'-bridged dithiophenes with bridges developed from the first period elements (either pristine or oxidised) are non emissive. Benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD) is a typical 3,3' fused-dithiophene with a dione bridge. It is a critical building block for semiconducting materials, and it is non emissive. We serendipitously discovered that by protecting the diketone of BDTD with ethylene glycol, two isomers (BDTD-5 and 6) were obtained and both compounds effectively emit UV light in solution. Their maximum emission (382 and 375 nm for BDTD-5 and 6, respectively) are independent of the type of solvent. Both compounds exhibited fluorescence intensity enhancement in DMF-H2O with the increase of water fraction from 0-90%. BDTD-6 can also effectively emit in its crystalline state with a quantum yield (QY) of 14% and an average fluorescence lifetime of 1.6 ns. X-ray crystallographic analysis indicates that BDTD-6 possesses a 3D C-H…O interaction structure which produced its effective emission in the crystalline state. These two isomers not only have enlarged the emissive members of the 3,3'-fused dithiophene family, but also expand the emission boundary of emitters in this category to the UV area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Li
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Parklands Drive Southport QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportQLD4222Australia
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10
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Yasa M, Toppare L. Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione‐based conjugated polymers for non‐fullerene organic solar cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yasa
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Middle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Middle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM) Middle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology Middle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
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11
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Feng K, Guo H, Sun H, Guo X. n-Type Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors Based on Bithiophene Imide Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3804-3817. [PMID: 34617720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusIn the last three decades, p-type (hole-transporting) organic and polymeric semiconductors have achieved great success in terms of materials diversity and device performance, while the development of n-type (electron-transporting) analogues greatly lags behind, which is limited by the scarcity of highly electron-deficient building blocks with compact geometry and good solubility. However, such n-type semiconductors are essential due to the existence of the p-n junction and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-like circuit in organic electronic devices. Among various electron-deficient building blocks, imide-functionalized arenes, such as naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (PDI), have been proven to be the most promising ones for developing n-type organic and polymeric semiconductors. Nevertheless, phenyl-based NDI and PDI lead to sizable steric hindrance with neighboring (hetero)arenes and a high degree of backbone distortion in the resultant semiconductors, which greatly limits their microstructural ordering and charge transport. To attenuate the steric hindrance associated with NDI and PDI, a novel imide-functionalized heteroarene, bithiophene imide (BTI), was designed; however, the BTI-based semiconductors suffer from high-lying frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels as a result of their electron-rich thiophene framework and monoimide group, which is detrimental to n-type performance.In this Account, we review a series of BTI derivatives developed via various strategies, including ring fusion, thiazole substitution, fluorination, cyanation, and chalcogen substitution, and elaborate the synthesis routes designed to overcome the synthesis challenges due to their high electron deficiency. After structural optimization, these BTI derivatives can not only retain the advantages of good solubility, a planar backbone, and small steric hindrance inherited from BTI but also have greatly suppressed FMO levels. These novel building blocks enable the construction of a great number of n-type organic and polymeric semiconductors, particularly acceptor-acceptor (or all-acceptor)-type polymers, with remarkable performance in various devices, including electron mobility (μe) of 3.71 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), a PCE of 20.8% in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), electrical conductivity (σ) of 0.34 S cm-1 and a power factor (PF) of 1.52 μW m-1 K-2 in self-doped diradicals, and σ of 23.3 S cm-1 and a PF of ∼10 μW m-1 K-2 in molecularly n-doped polymers, all of which are among the best values in each type of device. The structure-property-device performance correlations of these n-type semiconductors are elucidated. The design strategy and synthesis of these novel BTI derivatives provide important information for developing highly electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties. Finally, we offer our insights into the further development of BTI derivatives and semiconductors built from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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12
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Influence of thiophene and furan π–bridge on the properties of poly(benzodithiophene-alt-bis(π–bridge)pyrrolopyrrole-1,3-dione) for organic solar cell applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Shao X, Wang J, Marder TB, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. N–B ← N Bridged Bithiophene: A Building Block with Reduced Band Gap to Design n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene‐Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene-Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9290-9295. [PMID: 33522053 PMCID: PMC8252115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to dithiophene-fused oxadiborepins and the first azadiborepins attained via a modular synthesis route are presented. The new compounds emit intense blue light, some of which demonstrate fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed electrochemically reversible one-electron reduction processes. The weak aromatic character of the novel 1,2,7-azadiborepin ring is demonstrated with in-depth theoretical investigations using nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) scans and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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16
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Rusch P, Duvinage D, Bigall NC, Staubitz A. π-Conjugated stannole copolymers synthesised by a tin-selective Stille cross-coupling reaction. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3282-3293. [PMID: 34124683 PMCID: PMC8142672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four well-defined conjugated polymers TStTT1-4 containing unusual heterocycle units in the main chain, namely stannole units as building blocks, is reported. The stannole-thiophenyl copolymers were generated by tin-selective Stille coupling reactions in nearly quantitative yields of 94% to 98%. NMR data show that the tin atoms in the rings remain unaffected. Weight-average molecular weights (M w) were high (4900-10 900 Da and 9600-21 900 Da); and molecular weight distributions (M w/M n) were between 1.9 and 2.3. The new materials are strongly absorbing and appear blue-black to purple-black. All iodothiophenyl-stannole monomers St1-4 and the resulting bisthiophenyl-stannole copolymers TStTT1-4 were investigated with respect to their optoelectronic properties. The absorption maxima of the polymers are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to their monomers by about 76 nm to 126 nm in chloroform. Density functional theory calculations support our experimental results of the single stannoles St1-4 showing small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of 3.17-3.24 eV. The optical band gaps of the polymers are much more decreased and were determined to be only 1.61-1.79 eV. Furthermore, both the molecular structures of stannoles St2 and St3 from single crystal X-ray analyses and the results of the geometry optimisation by DFT confirm the high planarity of the molecules backbone leading to efficient conjugation within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry Leobener Str. 5 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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17
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Zhao P, Zhang R, Tong Y, Zhao X, Zhang T, Tang Q, Liu Y. Strain-Discriminable Pressure/Proximity Sensing of Transparent Stretchable Electronic Skin Based on PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55083-55093. [PMID: 33232130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure/proximity sensing as the essential function of electronic skin (e-skin) has become an emerging technological goal for new-generation electronic devices in a wide variety of application fields, for example, smart electronics, human-machine interaction, and prosthetics. However, the current research lacks pressure/proximity detection of the stretched e-skin, which ignores the key elastic characteristic of skin and hinders the development of e-skin. Here, the pressure/proximity detection of the transparent e-skin in the stretching state is demonstrated based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The high transparency of the e-skin realizes the visual imperception for wearable electronic systems. The perfect combination of stretchable SWCNT and highly conductive PEDOT:PSS endows the sensors with high stretchability and high discrimination capability toward strain, providing an effective way to overcome the interference of strain to realize accurate pressure/proximity detection of stretched e-skin at different strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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18
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Yu Z, Lu Y, Wang J, Pei J. Conformation Control of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:16194-16205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Di Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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19
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Hu T, Wang Y, Dong M, Wu J, Pang P, Miao X, Deng W. Ordering self-assembly structures via intermolecular BrS interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1437-1443. [PMID: 31859319 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent research studies have shown that the halogenated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) unit as a polymer donor exhibits high charge carrier mobility due to the well-ordered molecular packing and high crystallinity, which is meaningful for achieving highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is difficult to acquire the accurate packing information of polymer materials. Herein, we investigated the self-assembled behaviors of two DTBDT derivatives, 4,8-bis(4-octadecylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (H-DTBDT) and 4,8-bis(5-bromo-4-octadecylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (Br-DTBDT), to elucidate the effect of introducing a bromine atom on molecular packing structures by STM at the 1-phenyloctane/HOPG interface. It is observed that the H-DTBDT molecules exhibit a random arrangement along each lamella, while the Br-DTBDT molecules self-assemble into a highly ordered lamellar structure. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis combined with the topological properties of the electron density at the bond critical points revealed that the existence of weak intermolecular interactions of BrS facilitates the regular packing motif of Br-DTBDT molecules. The results helped us to understand that the BrS bond generally acted as the auxiliary force and can play the primary role in the construction of supramolecular nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yujia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Juntian Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Peng Pang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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20
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Zhao C, Yang F, Xia D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yan N, You S, Li W. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10394-10408. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based conjugated polymers as an electron donor, acceptor and single-component for application in organic solar cells in the past ten years have been intensively reviewed in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Nanfu Yan
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
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21
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Design of high conductive and piezoelectric poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/chitosan nanofibers for enhancing cellular electrical stimulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 559:65-75. [PMID: 31610306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive nanofibrous scaffold is a vital tool for the study of the various biological research fields from bioelectronics to regenerative medicine, which can provide cell preferable 3D nanofiber architecture and programmed electrical signal. However, intrinsic non-biodegradability is a major problem that hinders its widespread application in the clinic. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and characterized shell/core poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/chitosan (CS) nanofibers by combining the electrospinning and recrystallization processes. Upon incorporating a trace amount of PEDOT (1.0 wt%), the resultant PEDOT/CS nanofibers exhibited low interfacial charge transfer impedance, high electrochemical stability, high electrical conductivity (up to 0.1945 S/cm), and ultrasensitive piezoelectric property (output voltage of 22.5 mV by a human hair prodding). With such unique electrical and conductive properties, PEDOT/CS nanofibers were further applied to brain neuroglioma cells (BNCs) to stimulate their adhesion, proliferation, growth, and development under an optimal external electrical stimulation (ES) and a pulse voltage of 400 mV/cm. ES-responsive PEDOT/CS nanofibers indeed promoted BNCs growth and development as indicated by a large number and density of axons. The synergetic interplay between external ES and piezoelectric voltage demonstrates new PEDOT-based nanofibers as implantable electroactive scaffolds for numerous applications in nerve tissue engineering, human health monitoring, brain mantle information extraction, and degradable microelectronic devices.
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23
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Shi S, Tang L, Guo H, Uddin MA, Wang H, Yang K, Liu B, Wang Y, Sun H, Woo HY, Guo X. Bichalcogenophene Imide-Based Homopolymers: Chalcogen-Atom Effects on the Optoelectronic Property and Device Performance in Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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24
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Strakova K, Assies L, Goujon A, Piazzolla F, Humeniuk HV, Matile S. Dithienothiophenes at Work: Access to Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis, and Beyond. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10977-11005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Non-fullerene Acceptors with a Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) Core for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Teshima Y, Saito M, Fukuhara T, Mikie T, Komeyama K, Yoshida H, Ohkita H, Osaka I. Dithiazolylthienothiophene Bisimide: A Novel Electron-Deficient Building Unit for N-Type Semiconducting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23410-23416. [PMID: 31252499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
N-type (electron-transporting) semiconducting polymers are essential materials for the development of truly plastic electronic devices. Here, we synthesized for the first time dithiazolylthienothiophene bisimide (TzBI), as a new family for imide-based electron-deficient π-conjugated systems, and semiconducting polymers by incorporating TzBI into the π-conjugated backbone as the building unit. The TzBI-based polymers are found to have deep frontier molecular orbital energy levels and wide optical bandgaps compared to the dithienylthienothiophene bisimide (TBI) counterpart. It is also found that TzBI can promote the π-π intermolecular interactions of the polymer backbones relative to TBI most probably because the thiazole ring, which replaced the thiophene ring, at the end of the framework gives a more coplanar backbone. In fact, TzBI-based polymers function as the n-type semiconducting material in both organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Notably, one of the TzBI-based polymers provides a power conversion efficiency of 3.3% in the all-polymer OPV device, which could be high for a low-molecular-weight polymer (<10 kDa). Interestingly, while many of the n-type semiconducting polymers utilized in OPVs have narrow bandgaps, the TzBI-based polymers have wide bandgaps. This is highly beneficial for complementing the visible to near-IR light absorption range when blended with p-type narrow bandgap polymers that have been widely developed in the last decade. The results demonstrate great promise and possibility of TzBI as the building unit for n-type semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukuhara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mikie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
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27
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Wang H, Ji Y, Li Y. Simulation and design of energy materials accelerated by machine learning. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou PR China
| | - Yujin Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou PR China
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou PR China
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28
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Attia S, Elgendy A, Rizk S. Efficient green synthesis of antioxidant azacoumarin dye bearing spiro-pyrrolidine for enhancing electro-optical properties of perovskite solar cells. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Song JH, Nabeya T, Adachi Y, Ooyama Y, Ohshita J. Preparation and reactions of 4,4-dilithiodithienogermole. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Hirano K, Ikeda T, Fujii N, Hirao T, Nakamura M, Adachi Y, Ohshita J, Haino T. Helical assembly of a dithienogermole exhibiting switchable circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10607-10610. [PMID: 31424063 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithienogermole derivatives S- and R-1 possessing phenylisoxazoles and chiral side chains were synthesized. The helical assembly of 1 in methylcyclohexane exhibited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The CPL signals of the assembly in the elongation regime were inverted with respect to those in the nucleation regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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31
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Chen J, Wang L, Yang J, Yang K, Uddin MA, Tang Y, Zhou X, Liao Q, Yu J, Liu B, Woo HY, Guo X. Backbone Conformation Tuning of Carboxylate-Functionalized Wide Band Gap Polymers for Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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32
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Sun H, Wang L, Wang Y, Guo X. Imide‐Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry 2018; 25:87-105. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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33
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Mostaghimi F, Grabowsky S, Swiderek P, Beckmann J, Hoffmann J, Dorcet V, Hissler M, Staubitz A. Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Stannoles by the Judicious Choice of the Organic Substituents. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12562-12575. [PMID: 30284825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stannoles are organometallic rings in which the heteroatom is involved in a form of conjugation that is called σ*-π* conjugation. Only very little is known about how the substituents on the Sn atom or substituents on the stannole ring determine the optoelectronic properties of these heterocycles. In this work, this question has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Calculations of optimized equilibrium geometries, energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), and of the absorption spectra of a wide range of compounds were performed. The computational data showed that the substituents on the Sn atom influence the optoelectronic properties to a lower extent than the substituents in the 2 and 5 positions of the ring. These substituents in the 2 and 5 positions of the stannole ring can also have a strong influence on the overall planarity of the structure, in which mesomeric effects can play a substantial role only if the structure is planar. Thus, only structures with a planar backbone are of interest in the context of tuning the optoelectronic properties. These were selected for the experimental studies. On the basis of this information, a series of six novel stannoles was synthesized by the formation of a zirconium intermediate and subsequent transmetalation to obtain the tin compound. The calculated electronic HOMO-LUMO energy gaps varied between 2.94 and 2.68 eV. The measured absorption maxima were located between 415 and 448 nm compared to theoretically calculated values ranging from 447 nm (2.77 eV) to 482 nm (2.57 eV). In addition to these optical measurements, cyclic voltammetry data could be obtained, which show two reversible oxidation processes for three of the six stannoles. With this study, it could be demonstrated how the judicious choice of the substituents can lead to large and predictable bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 5 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Farzin Mostaghimi
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Petra Swiderek
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 5 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Jonas Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu , 263 Av. du Général Leclerc , 35042 Rennes France
| | - Muriel Hissler
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu , 263 Av. du Général Leclerc , 35042 Rennes France
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Kiel , Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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34
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Weng C, Wang W, Liang J, Wang G, Tan S, Shen P. Fluorobenzotriazole-Based Medium-Bandgap Conjugated D-A Copolymers for Applications to Fullerene-Based and Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Weng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Jingtang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Ping Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 China
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35
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Chen J, Yang K, Zhou X, Guo X. Ladder-Type Heteroarene-Based Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2587-2600. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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36
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Direct (Hetero)Arylation for the Synthesis of Molecular Materials: Coupling Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione with Perylene Diimide to Yield Novel Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040931. [PMID: 29673207 PMCID: PMC6017723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the synthesis of an N-annulated perylene diimide (PDI) disubstituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) molecular acceptor (PDI–TPD–PDI) by direct heteroarylation (DHA) methods. Three sets of DHA conditions that explore the effects of solvent, temperature, and catalyst were employed to find the optimal conditions for the synthesis of two PDI–TPD–PDI derivatives. We then selected one PDI–TPD–PDI for use as a non-fullerene acceptor in organic solar cell devices with the donor polymer PBDB-T. Active layer bulk-heterojunction blends were modified using several post-deposition treatments, including thermal annealing, solvent vapour annealing, and high boiling solvent additives. It was found that active layers cast from o-dichlorobenzene with a 3% v/v diphenylether additive yielded films with adequate phase separation, and subsequently gave the best organic solar cell performance, with power conversion efficiencies greater than 3%.
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37
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Chochos CL, Singh R, Gregoriou VG, Kim M, Katsouras A, Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Stratakis E, Cho K, Avgeropoulos A. Enhancement of the Power-Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via Unveiling an Appropriate Rational Design Strategy in Indacenodithiophene- alt-quinoxaline π-Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10236-10245. [PMID: 29508996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the photovoltaic parameters, photophysical properties, optoelectronic properties, self-assembly, and morphology variations in a series of high-performance donor-acceptor (D-A) π-conjugated polymers based on indacenodithiophene and quinoxaline moieties as a function of the number-average molecular weight ([Formula: see text]), the nature of aryl substituents, and the enlargement of the polymer backbone. One of the most important outcome is that from the three optimization approaches followed to tune the chemical structure toward enhanced photovoltaic performance in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, the choice of the aryl substituent is the most efficient rational design strategy. Incorporation of thienyl rings as substituents versus phenyl rings accelerates the electron-hole extraction process to the respective electrode, despite the slightly lower recombination lifetime and, thus, improves the electrical performance of the device. Single-junction solar cells based on ThIDT-TQxT feature a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 7.26%. This study provides significant insights toward understanding of the structure-properties-performance relationship for D-A π-conjugated polymers in solid state, which provide helpful inputs for the design of next-generation polymeric semiconductors for organic solar cells with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
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38
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Heo H, Kim H, Nam G, Lee D, Lee Y. Multi-Donor Random Terpolymers Based on Benzodithiophene and Dithienosilole Segments with Different Monomer Compositions for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Zhang H, Li T, Xiao Z, Lei Z, Ding L. Improving Photovoltaic Performance of a Fused-Ring Azepinedione Copolymer via a D-A-A Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700882. [PMID: 29436046 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two conjugated copolymer donors, PTTABDT and PBTTABDT, based on a fused-ring azepinedione acceptor unit, 5-(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-c]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-e]azepine-4,6(5H)-dione (TTA), are prepared. PTTABDT possesses a conventional donor-acceptor (D-A) structure with one TTA in the repeat unit, while PBTTABDT has a D-A-A structure with two TTAs in the repeat unit. Compared with PTTABDT, PBTTABDT shows a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, a narrower bandgap, and a higher hole mobility, and exhibits better performance in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies of 6.18% and 7.81% are achieved from PTTABDT:PC71 BM and PBTTABDT:PC71 BM solar cells, respectively. The higher performance of PBTTABDT:PC71 BM solar cells results from the enhanced open-circuit voltage (V oc ) and short-circuit current density ( J sc ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhongli Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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40
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Hong J, Ha YH, Cha H, Kim R, Kim YJ, Park CE, Durrant JR, Kwon SK, An TK, Kim YH. All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells Incorporating NDI-Based Acceptors: Synthesis and Full Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44667-44677. [PMID: 29235849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based small molecules were synthesized as nonfullerene acceptors and incorporated in all-small-molecule solar cells. Three NDI-based small molecules, NDICN-T, NDICN-BT, and NDICN-TVT, were designed with different linkers between two NDI units to induce the different conjugation length and modulate the geometric structures of the NDI dimers. The small NDI-based dimer electron acceptors with slip-stacked structures that facilitate π-π stacking interactions and/or hinder excessive aggregation exhibited different morphological behaviors, such as miscibility or crystallinity in bulk heterojunction blends with 7,7'-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (DTS-F) electron donors. The photovoltaic devices prepared with NDICN-TVT gave the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.75 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.10 mA cm-2, and a fill factor of 56.2%, whereas the DTS-F:NDICN-T and DTS-F:NDICN-BT devices provided PCEs of 1.81 and 0.13%, respectively. Studies of the charge-generation properties, charge-transfer dynamics, and charge-transport properties for understanding the structure-property relations revealed that DTS-F:NDICN-TVT blend films with well-developed domains and well-ordered crystalline structures performed well, whereas an excessive miscibility between DTS-F and NDICN-BT disrupted the crystallinity of the material and yielded a poor device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Yu Jin Kim
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chan Eon Park
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
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41
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Daigle M, Morin JF. Helical Conjugated Ladder Polymers: Tuning the Conformation and Properties through Edge Design. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Daigle
- Département de Chimie and Centre
de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec
City, Québec G1V
0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and Centre
de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec
City, Québec G1V
0A6, Canada
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42
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Synthesis and characterization of new TPD-based copolymers and applications in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Guo Y, Li M, Zhou Y, Song J, Bo Z, Wang H. Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Based on sp2-Carbon Bridged Indacenodithiophene for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Guo
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Miao Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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44
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Garcias-Morales C, Romero-Borja D, Maldonado JL, Roa AE, Rodríguez M, García-Merinos JP, Ariza-Castolo A. Small Molecules Derived from Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) and Their Use in Solution Processed Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E1607. [PMID: 28974003 PMCID: PMC6151745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, microwave synthesis, chemical, optical and electrochemical characterization of three small organic molecules, TPA-TPD, TPA-PT-TPD and TPA-TT-TPD with donor-acceptor structure and their use in organic photovoltaic cells are reported. For the synthesis, 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione was used as electron withdrawing fragment while the triphenylamine was used as electron donating fragment. Molecular electronic geometry and electronic distribution density were established by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and confirmed by optical and chemical characterization. These molecules were employed as electron-donors in the active layer for manufacturing bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, where [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) was used as electron-acceptor. As cathode, Field's metal (FM), an eutectic alloy (Bi/In/Sn: 32.5%, 51%, and 16.5%, respectively) with a melting point above 62 °C, was easily deposited by drop casting under vacuum-free process and at air atmosphere. Prepared devices based on TPA-TPD:PC71BM (1:4 w/w ratio) presented a large VOC = 0.97 V, with JSC = 7.9 mA/cm², a FF = 0.34, then, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Garcias-Morales
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Romero-Borja
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - José-Luis Maldonado
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Arián E Roa
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - J Pablo García-Merinos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B-1. Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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45
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Luo H, Liu Z, Zhang D. Conjugated D–A terpolymers for organic field-effect transistors and solar cells. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Huang H, Yang L, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors Enhanced by Noncovalent Conformational Locks. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10291-10318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon
Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Yu T, Xu X, Li Y, Li Z, Peng Q. Side-Chain Influence of Wide-Bandgap Copolymers Based on Naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b]bispyrazine and Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene for Efficient Photovoltaic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18142-18150. [PMID: 28488430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported new types of wide-bandgap copolymers, PBDTA-NPz, PBDTT-NPz, PBDTF-NPz, and PBDTP-NPz, on the basis of the naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b]bispyrazine (NPz) acceptor building block for efficient photovoltaic applications. The influencing factors of the introduced side chains, including alkoxyl, alkylthienyl, alkylfuryl, and alkoxylphenyl, were investigated in detail. These copolymers possessed wide bandgaps ranging from 1.79 to 1.88 eV with different nonconjugated or conjugated side chains. They also possessed deep highest-occupied molecular orbital levels of less than -5.25 eV, which allowed the achievement of high Voc's from their polymer solar cells (PSCs). The X-ray diffraction results indicated their excellent crystallinity and molecular stacking features, especially for PBDTF-NPz containing alkylfuryl side chains. Their photovoltaic performances were measured using bulk-heterojunction single-junction PSCs with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al under the same processing conditions. Different side chains of NPz-based copolymers induced largely different device performances. Without the additive, 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), the primary PBDTA-NPz, PBDTT-NPz, PBDTF-NPz, and PBDTP-NPz devices showed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 4.53, 6.09, 7.06, and 3.49%, respectively. On adding 3 vol % DIO, the device performances were elevated to a higher level. The PBDTF-NPz devices exhibited the highest PCE of 8.63%, which resulted in improved Voc, Jsc, and FF values caused by their inherent properties. Our results indicated that NPz is a potential acceptor unit to construct high-powered wide-bandgap copolymers for efficient PSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zuojia Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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48
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Grand C, Zajaczkowski W, Deb N, Lo CK, Hernandez JL, Bucknall DG, Müllen K, Pisula W, Reynolds JR. Morphology Control in Films of Isoindigo Polymers by Side-Chain and Molecular Weight Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13357-13368. [PMID: 28379681 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of devices relying on organic electronic materials, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and organic photovoltaics (OPV), is strongly correlated to the morphology of the conjugated material in thin films. For instance, several factors such as polymer solubility, weak intermolecular forces between polymers and fullerene derivatives, and film drying time impact phase separation in the active layer of a bulk heterojunction OPV device. In an effort to probe the influence of polymer assembly on morphology of polymer thin films and phase separation with fullerene derivatives, five terthiophene-alt-isoindigo copolymers were synthesized with alkyl side-chains of varying lengths and branching on the terthiophene unit. These P[T3(R)-iI] polymers were designed to have similar optoelectronic properties but different solubilities in o-dichlorobenzene and were predicted to have different tendencies for crystallization. All polymers with linear alkyl chains exhibit similar thin film morphologies as investigated by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The main differences in electronic and morphological properties arise when P[T3(R)-iI] is substituted with branched 2-ethylhexyl (2EH) side-chains. The bulky 2EH substituents lead to a blue-shifted absorption, a lower ionization potential, and reduced ordering in polymer thin films. The five P[T3-iI] derivatives span hole mobilities from 1.5 × 10-3 to 2.8 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 in OFET devices. In OPV devices, the 2EH-substituted polymers yield open-circuit voltages of 0.88 V in BHJ devices yet low short-circuit currents of 0.8 mA cm-2, which is explained by the large phase separation observed by AFM in blends of P[T3(2EH)-iI] with PC71BM. In these P[T3(R)-iI] systems, the propensity for the polymers to self-assemble prior to aggregation of PC71BM molecules was key to achieving fine phase separation and increased short-circuit currents, eventually resulting in power conversion efficiencies of 5% in devices processed using a single solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Bao Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
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50
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Nakamura M, Shigeoka K, Adachi Y, Ooyama Y, Watase S, Ohshita J. Preparation of Dithienogermole-containing Polysilsesquioxane Films for Sensing Nitroaromatics. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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