1
|
Qiu Z, Vaklinova K, Huang P, Grzeszczyk M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Novoselov KS, Lu J, Koperski M. Atomic and Electronic Structure of Defects in hBN: Enhancing Single-Defect Functionalities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24035-24043. [PMID: 39163482 PMCID: PMC11375783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Defect centers in insulators play a critical role in creating important functionalities in materials: prototype qubits, single-photon sources, magnetic field probes, and pressure sensors. These functionalities are highly dependent on their midgap electronic structure and orbital/spin wave function contributions. However, in most cases, these fundamental properties remain unknown or speculative due to the defects being deeply embedded beneath the surface of highly resistive host crystals, thus impeding access through surface probes. Here, we directly inspected the atomic and electronic structures of defects in thin carbon-doped hexagonal boron nitride (hBN:C) by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Such investigation adds direct information about the electronic midgap states to the well-established photoluminescence response (including single-photon emission) of intentionally created carbon defects in the most commonly investigated van der Waals insulator. Our joint atomic-scale experimental and theoretical investigations reveal two main categories of defects: (1) single-site defects manifesting as donor-like states with atomically resolved structures observable via STM and (2) multisite defect complexes exhibiting a ladder of empty and occupied midgap states characterized by distinct spatial geometries. Combining direct probing of midgap states through tunneling spectroscopy with the inspection of the optical response of insulators hosting specific defect structures holds promise for creating and enhancing functionalities realized with individual defects in the quantum limit. These findings underscore not only the versatility of hBN:C as a platform for quantum defect engineering but also its potential to drive advancements in atomic-scale optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Kristina Vaklinova
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengru Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Magdalena Grzeszczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Settele S, Stammer F, Sebastian FL, Lindenthal S, Wald SR, Li H, Flavel BS, Zaumseil J. Easy Access to Bright Oxygen Defects in Biocompatible Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via a Fenton-like Reaction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:20667-20678. [PMID: 39051444 PMCID: PMC11308917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with luminescent oxygen defects increases their brightness and enables their application as optical biosensors or fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging in the second-biological window (NIR-II). However, obtaining luminescent defects with high brightness is challenging with the current functionalization methods due to a restricted window of reaction conditions or the necessity for controlled irradiation with ultraviolet light. Here, we report a method for introducing luminescent oxygen defects via a Fenton-like reaction that uses benign and inexpensive chemicals without light irradiation. (6,5) SWNTs in aqueous dispersion functionalized with this method show bright E11* emission (1105 nm) with 3.2 times higher peak intensities than the pristine E11 emission and a reproducible photoluminescence quantum yield of 3%. The functionalization can be performed within a wide range of reaction parameters and even with unsorted nanotube raw material at high concentrations (100 mg L-1), giving access to large amounts of brightly luminescent SWNTs. We further find that the introduced oxygen defects rearrange under light irradiation, which gives additional insights into the structure and dynamics of oxygen defects. Finally, the functionalization of ultrashort SWNTs with oxygen defects also enables high photoluminescence quantum yields. Their excellent emission properties are retained after surfactant exchange with biocompatible pegylated phospholipids or single-stranded DNA to make them suitable for in vivo NIR-II imaging and dopamine sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Stammer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon R. Wald
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Kaiserstraße
12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Kaiserstraße
12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kasperova BJ, Mraz M, Svoboda P, Hlavacek D, Kratochvilova H, Modos I, Vrzackova N, Ivak P, Janovska P, Kobets T, Mahrik J, Riecan M, Steiner Mrazova L, Stranecky V, Netuka I, Cajka T, Kuda O, Melenovsky V, Stemberkova Hubackova S, Haluzik M. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors induce anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptotic shift in epicardial adipose tissue of subjects with severe heart failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:223. [PMID: 38943140 PMCID: PMC11214218 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which also improve heart failure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) dysfunction was suggested to contribute to the development of heart failure. We aimed to elucidate a possible role of changes in EAT metabolic and inflammatory profile in the beneficial cardioprotective effects of SGLT-2i in subjects with severe heart failure. METHODS 26 subjects with severe heart failure, with reduced ejection fraction, treated with SGLT-2i versus 26 subjects without treatment, matched for age (54.0 ± 2.1 vs. 55.3 ± 2.1 years, n.s.), body mass index (27.8 ± 0.9 vs. 28.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2, n.s.) and left ventricular ejection fraction (20.7 ± 0.5 vs. 23.2 ± 1.7%, n.s.), who were scheduled for heart transplantation or mechanical support implantation, were included in the study. A complex metabolomic and gene expression analysis of EAT obtained during surgery was performed. RESULTS SGLT-2i ameliorated inflammation, as evidenced by the improved gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue and decreased infiltration of immune cells into EAT. Enrichment of ether lipids with oleic acid noted on metabolomic analysis suggests a reduced disposition to ferroptosis, potentially further contributing to decreased oxidative stress in EAT of SGLT-2i treated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results show decreased inflammation in EAT of patients with severe heart failure treated by SGLT-2i, as compared to patients with heart failure without this therapy. Modulation of EAT inflammatory and metabolic status could represent a novel mechanism behind SGLT-2i-associated cardioprotective effects in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Judita Kasperova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Mraz
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Hlavacek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kratochvilova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Istvan Modos
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Vrzackova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ivak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tatyana Kobets
- Department of Metabolomics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mahrik
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Riecan
- Department of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Steiner Mrazova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stranecky
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Netuka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Department of Metabolomics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Stemberkova Hubackova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen HJ, Wang L, Zhu H, Wang ZG, Liu SL. NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging for In Vivo Quantitative Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28011-28028. [PMID: 38783516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In vivo real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as tumors. Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) bioimaging is an emerging visualization modality based on fluorescent materials. The advantages of NIR-II region fluorescent materials in terms of reduced photon scattering and low tissue autofluorescence enable NIR-II bioimaging with high resolution and increasing depth of tissue penetration, and thus have great potential for in vivo qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in NIR-II imaging, including fluorescent probe selection, quantitative analysis strategies, and imaging. Then, we describe in detail representative applications to illustrate how NIR-II fluorescence imaging has become an important tool for in vivo quantitative analysis. Finally, we describe the future possibilities and challenges of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Li Y, Chen X, Li L, Lu Q, Guo E, Si C, Wei M, Han X. Isomerization of surface functionalized SWCNTs and the critical influence on photoluminescence: static calculations and excited-state dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12003-12008. [PMID: 38576321 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with sparse surface chemical groups are promising for a variety of optical applications such as quantum information and bio-imaging. However, the luminescence efficiencies and stability, two key aspects, undoubtedly govern their practical usage. Herein, we assess the surface migration of oxygen and triazine groups on as-modified SWCNT fragments by adopting transition state theory and explore the de-excitation of oxygen-functionalized SWCNT fragments by performing non-adiabatic excited-state dynamics simulations. According to the predicted moderate or even small reaction barriers, the migration of both oxygen and triazine groups is feasible from an sp3 defect configuration forming an energetically more stable sp2 configuration at moderate or even room temperatures. Such isomerization leads to drastically different light emission capabilities as indicated by the large or zero oscillator strengths. During the dynamics simulations, the lowest excited singlet (S1) state rapidly decays in energy within 20 fs and then fluctuates until the end, providing insights into the emission mechanism of SWCNTs. This study highlights the potential intrinsic limitations of surface-functionalized SWCNTs for luminescence applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xinxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Qifang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Enyan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Conghui Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mingzhi Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiujun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maeda Y, Zhao P, Ehara M. Recent progress in controlling the photoluminescence properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes by oxidation and alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14497-14508. [PMID: 38009193 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has received considerable attention in the last decade since highly efficient near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) has been observed to be red-shifted compared with the intrinsic PL peak of pristine SWCNTs. The PL wavelength has been manipulated using arylation reactions with aryldiazonium salts and aryl halides. Additionally, simple oxidation and alkylation reactions have proven effective in extensively adjusting the PL wavelength, with the resulting PL efficiency varying based on the chosen reaction techniques and molecular structures. This review discusses the latest developments in tailoring the PL attributes of SWCNTs by oxidation and alkylation processes. (6,5) SWCNTs exhibit intrinsic emission at 980 nm, and the PL wavelength can be controlled in the range of 1100-1320 nm by chemical modification. In addition, recent developments in chiral separation techniques have increased our understanding of the control of the PL wavelength, extending to the selection of excitation and emission wavelengths, by chemical modification of SWCNTs with different chiral indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eremin T, Eremina V, Svirko Y, Obraztsov P. Over Two-Fold Photoluminescence Enhancement from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced by Oxygen Doping. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091561. [PMID: 37177106 PMCID: PMC10180646 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is a promising way to improve their photoluminescent (PL) brightness and thus make them applicable as a base material for infrared light emitters. We report as high as over two-fold enhancement of the SWCNT PL brightness by using oxygen doping via the UV photodissociation of hypochlorite ions. By analyzing the temporal evolution of the PL and Raman spectra of SWCNTs in the course of the doping process, we conclude that the enhancement of SWCNTs PL brightness depends on the homogeneity of induced quantum defects distribution over the SWCNT surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timofei Eremin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Valentina Eremina
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Petr Obraztsov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galonska P, Mohr JM, Schrage CA, Schnitzler L, Kruss S. Guanine Quantum Defects in Carbon Nanotubes for Biosensing. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3483-3490. [PMID: 37011259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used as nanoscale biosensors in diverse applications. Selectivity is built in by noncovalent functionalization with polymers such as DNA. Recently, covalent functionalization was demonstrated by conjugating guanine bases of adsorbed DNA to the SWCNT surface as guanine quantum defects (g-defects). Here, we create g-defects in (GT)10-coated SWCNTs (Gd-SWCNTs) and explore how this affects molecular sensing. We vary the defect densities, which shifts the E11 fluorescence emission by 55 nm to a λmax of 1049 nm. Furthermore, the Stokes shift between absorption and emission maximum linearly increases with defect density by up to 27 nm. Gd-SWCNTs represent sensitive sensors and increase their fluorescence by >70% in response to the important neurotransmitter dopamine and decrease it by 93% in response to riboflavin. Additionally, the extent of cellular uptake of Gd-SWCNTs decreases. These results show how physiochemical properties change with g-defects and that Gd-SWCNTs constitute a versatile optical biosensor platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Galonska
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jennifer M Mohr
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lena Schnitzler
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Boghossian AA. Covalent conjugation of proteins onto fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes for biological and medical applications. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:823-834. [PMID: 36761250 PMCID: PMC9900427 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have optical properties that are conducive for biological applications such as sensing, delivery, and imaging. These applications necessitate the immobilization of macromolecules that can serve as therapeutic drugs, molecular templates, or modulators of surface interactions. Although previous studies have focused on non-covalent immobilization strategies, recent advances have introduced covalent functional handles that can preserve or even enhance the SWCNT optical properties. This review presents an overview of covalent sidewall modifications of SWCNTs, with a focus on the latest generation of "sp3 defect" modifications. We summarize and compare the reaction conditions and the reported products of these sp3 chemistries. We further review the underlying photophysics governing SWCNT fluorescence and apply these principles to the fluorescence emitted from these covalently modified SWCNTs. Finally, we provide an outlook on additional chemistries that could be applied to covalently conjugate proteins to these chemically modified, fluorescent SWCNTs. We review the advantages of these approaches, emerging opportunities for further improvement, as well as their implications for enabling new technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Wang
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ardemis A Boghossian
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Z, Ding Y, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Design and application of organic contrast agents for molecular imaging in the second near infrared (NIR-II) window. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100426. [PMID: 36419744 PMCID: PMC9676394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has attracted interest in recent years because of the merits of reduced light scattering, minimal autofluorescence from biological tissues and deeper penetration depth in this wavelength range. In this review, we summarize NIR-II organic contrast agents reported in the past decade for photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging including members of the cyanine family, D-A-D structure dyes, phthalocyanines and semiconducting polymers. Improved imaging contrast and higher resolution could be favorably achieved by rational design of NIR-II fluorophores by tuning their properties including molar extinction coefficient, fluorescence quantum yield, emission wavelength and others. A wide variety of applications using NIR-II dyes has been realized including imaging of tumors, lymphatics, brains, intestines and others. Emerging applications such as targeted imaging and activable imaging with improved resolution and sensitivity have been demonstrated by innovative chemical modification of NIR-II dyes. Looking forward, rational design of improved NIR-II dyes for advanced bioimaging is likely to remain an area of interest for next-generation potential approaches to disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, 300350, China
| | - Yuanmeng Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, 300350, China
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo Y, Tian G, Fang X, Bai S, Yuan G, Pan Y. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Glioma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2123. [PMID: 36358495 PMCID: PMC9686959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor, and the current main standard treatment option is a combination of tumor surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the terribly poor five-year survival rate of patients with gliomas and the high recurrence rate of gliomas, some new and efficient therapeutic strategies are expected. Recently, ferroptosis, as a new form of cell death, has played a significant role in the treatment of gliomas. Specifically, studies have revealed key processes of ferroptosis, including iron overload in cells, occurrence of lipid peroxidation, inactivation of cysteine/glutathione antiporter system Xc- (xCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In the present review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and introduced the application and challenges of ferroptosis in the development and treatment of gliomas. Moreover, we highlighted the therapeutic opportunities of manipulating ferroptosis to improve glioma treatments, which may improve the clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guopeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shengwei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen JS, Dasgupta A, Morrow DJ, Emmanuele R, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Ma X. Room Temperature Lasing from Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16776-16783. [PMID: 36121213 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized near-infrared semiconductor lasers that are able to generate coherent light with low energy consumption have widespread applications in fields such as optical interconnects, neuromorphic computing, and deep-tissue optogenetics. With optical transitions at near-infrared wavelengths, diameter-tunable electronic structures, and superlative optoelectronic properties, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for nanolaser applications. However, despite significant efforts in this direction and recent progress toward enhancing spontaneous emission from SWCNTs through Purcell effects, SWCNT-based excitonic lasers have not yet been demonstrated. Leveraging an optimized cavity-emitter integration scheme enabled by a self-assembly process, here we couple SWCNT emission to the whispering gallery modes supported by polymer microspheres, resulting in room temperature excitonic lasing with an average lasing threshold of 4.5 kW/cm2. The high photostability of SWCNTs allows stable lasing for prolonged duration with minimal degradation. This experimental realization of excitonic lasing from SWCNTs, combined with their versatile electronic and optical properties that can be further controlled by chemical modification, offers far-reaching opportunities for tunable near-infrared nanolasers that are applicable for optical signal processing, in vivo biosensing, and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiang Chen
- Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anushka Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ruggero Emmanuele
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112372. [PMID: 34978752 PMCID: PMC9313876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for modern basic research and biomedical diagnostics. Their development requires substantial input from the chemical sciences. Sensors or probes with an optical readout, such as fluorescence, offer rapid, minimally invasive sensing of analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The near-infrared (NIR) region is beneficial because of the reduced background and scattering of biological samples (tissue transparency window) in this range. In this context, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks for biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of advances in SWCNT-based NIR fluorescent molecular sensors. We focus on chemical design strategies for diverse analytes and summarize insights into the photophysics and molecular recognition. Furthermore, different application areas are discussed-from chemical imaging of cellular systems and diagnostics to in vivo applications and perspectives for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical NanosensorsFraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and SystemsFinkenstrasse 6147057DuisburgGermany
- Department EBSUniversity Duisburg-EssenBismarckstrasse 8147057DuisburgGermany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical ChemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
- Biomedical NanosensorsFraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and SystemsFinkenstrasse 6147057DuisburgGermany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical NanosensorsFraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and SystemsFinkenstrasse 6147057DuisburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical ChemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
- Biomedical NanosensorsFraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and SystemsFinkenstrasse 6147057DuisburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Department EBS University Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mann FA, Galonska P, Herrmann N, Kruss S. Quantum defects as versatile anchors for carbon nanotube functionalization. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:727-747. [PMID: 35110739 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used in diverse applications that require chemical tailoring of the SWCNT surface, including optical sensing, imaging, targeted drug delivery and single-photon generation. SWCNTs have been noncovalently modified with (bio)polymers to preserve their intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence. However, demanding applications (e.g., requiring stability in biological fluids) would benefit from a stable covalent linkage between the SWCNT and the functional unit (e.g., antibody, fluorophore, drug). Here we present how to use diazonium salt chemistry to introduce sp3 quantum defects in the SWCNT carbon lattice to serve as handles for conjugation while preserving near-infrared fluorescence. In this protocol, we describe the straightforward, stable (covalent), highly versatile and scalable functionalization of SWCNTs with biomolecules such as peptides and proteins to yield near-infrared fluorescent SWCNT bioconjugates. We provide a step-by-step procedure covering SWCNT dispersion, quantum defect incorporation, bioconjugation, in situ peptide synthesis on SWCNTs, and characterization, which can be completed in 5-7 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Mann
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suárez-García S, Solórzano R, Novio F, Alibés R, Busqué F, Ruiz-Molina D. Coordination polymers nanoparticles for bioimaging. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shiraki T. Molecular Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes towards Near Infrared Photoluminescent Nanomaterials. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lohmann SH, Trerayapiwat KJ, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Sharifzadeh S, Ma X. sp3-Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Localized Spins. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17675-17682. [PMID: 33306353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical functionalization-introduced sp3 quantum defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown compelling optical properties for their potential applications in quantum information science and bioimaging. Here, we utilize temperature- and power-dependent electron spin resonance measurements to study the fundamental spin properties of SWCNTs functionalized with well-controlled densities of sp3 quantum defects. Signatures of isolated spins that are highly localized at the sp3 defect sites are observed, which we further confirm with density functional theory calculations. Applying temperature-dependent line width analysis and power-saturation measurements, we estimate the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 and spin dephasing time T2 to be around 9 μs and 40 ns, respectively. These findings of the localized spin states that are associated with the sp3 quantum defects not only deepen our understanding of the molecular structures of the quantum defects but could also have strong implications for their applications in quantum information science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Hendrik Lohmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mann FA, Herrmann N, Opazo F, Kruss S. Quantum Defects as a Toolbox for the Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17732-17738. [PMID: 32511874 PMCID: PMC7540668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a 1D nanomaterial that shows fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR, >800 nm). In the past, covalent chemistry was less explored to functionalize SWCNTs as it impairs NIR emission. However, certain sp3 defects (quantum defects) in the carbon lattice have emerged that preserve NIR fluorescence and even introduce a new, red-shifted emission peak. Here, we report on quantum defects, introduced using light-driven diazonium chemistry, that serve as anchor points for peptides and proteins. We show that maleimide anchors allow conjugation of cysteine-containing proteins such as a GFP-binding nanobody. In addition, an Fmoc-protected phenylalanine defect serves as a starting point for conjugation of visible fluorophores to create multicolor SWCNTs and in situ peptide synthesis directly on the nanotube. Therefore, these quantum defects are a versatile platform to tailor both the nanotube's photophysical properties as well as their surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Mann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August UniversitätTammannstraße 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August UniversitätTammannstraße 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of NeurodegenerationVon-Siebold-Straße 3a37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August UniversitätTammannstraße 637077GöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shiraki T, Miyauchi Y, Matsuda K, Nakashima N. Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence Modulation by Local Chemical and Supramolecular Chemical Functionalization. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1846-1859. [PMID: 32791829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been central materials in nanoscience and nanotechnologies. Single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) consisting of a cylindrical graphene show a metallic (met) or semiconducting (sc) property depending on their rolling up manner (chirality). The sc-SWCNTs show characteristic chirality-dependent optical properties of their absorption and photoluminescence (PL) in the near-infrared (NIR) region. These are derived from their highly π-conjugated structures having semiconducting crystalline sp2 carbon networks with defined nanoarchitectures that afford a strong quantum confinement and weak dielectric screening. Consequently, photoirradiation of the SWCNTs produces a stable and mobile exciton (excited electron-hole pair) even at room temperature, and the exciton properties dominate such optical phenomena in the SWCNTs. However, the mobile excitons decrease the PL efficiency due to nonradiative relaxation including collision with tube edges and relaxation to lower-lying dark states. A breakthrough regarding the efficient use of the mobile exciton for PL has recently been achieved by local chemical functionalization of the SWCNTs, in which the chemical reactions introduce local defects of oxygen and sp3 carbon atoms in the tube structures. The defect doping creates new emissive doped sites that have narrower band gaps and trap the mobile excitons, which provides locally functionalized SWCNTs (lf-SWCNTs). As a result, the localized exciton produces E11* PL with red-shifted wavelengths and enhanced PL quantum yields compared to the original E11 PL of the nonmodified SWCNTs.In this Account, we describe recently revealed fundamental properties of the lf-SWCNTs based on the analyses by photophysics, theoretical calculations, and electrochemistry combined with in situ PL spectroscopy. The new insight allows us to expand the wavelength regions of the NIR E11* PL derived from the localized exciton, in which upconversion generates a higher energy PL through thermal activation and proximal doped site formation using bis-aryldiazonium modifiers provides a much lower energy PL than typical E11* PL. Moreover, owing to the chemical reaction-dominant doping process, the molecular structure design of modifiers succeeds in producing functionalized lf-SWCNTs; namely, molecular functions are incorporated into the doped sites for their PL modulation. The wavelength changes/switching in the E11* PL selectively occurs by a supramolecular approach using molecular recognition and imine chemistry. Therefore, the local chemical functionalization of the SWCNTs is a key to designing the properties and creating their new functions of the lf-SWCNTs. Fundamental understanding of the doped site properties of the lf-SWCNTs and molecularly driven approaches for exciton and defect engineering would unveil the intrinsic natures of these materials, which is crucial for elevating the SWCNT-based nanotechnologies to the next stage. The resulting materials are of interest in the fields of high performance NIR-II imaging and sensing for bio/medical analyses and single-photon emitters in quantum information technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng Y, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Tailoring the Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Samples through Structure-Selective Near-Infrared Photochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6492-6497. [PMID: 32697092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As-produced samples of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) contain many structural forms with characteristic properties. In particular, semiconducting SWCNTs display distinct near-IR optical absorption and emission peaks. We show that the selective irradiation of these absorption features can induce structure-specific functionalization in unsorted SWCNT samples. This approach is demonstrated with an ambient temperature photoreaction involving dissolved O2 and irradiation at 955, 985, and 1130 nm, causing preferential covalent reactions of (8,3), (6,5), and (7,6) SWCNTs, respectively. Treated samples showed permanent fluorescence quenching and absorption bleaching near the irradiation wavelength and an increase in the Raman D/G intensity ratio, indicating the formation of covalent defects. The reaction has a very low photochemical quantum yield and was observed for samples suspended in single-stranded DNA and in conventional surfactants that gave incomplete coverage of the nanotube surface. The approach of exploiting sharp nanotube near-IR transitions for structure-selective photochemistry provides a path to tailor SWCNT optical properties for several potential applications without the need for physical sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mann FA, Herrmann N, Opazo F, Kruss S. Quantendefekte als Werkzeugkasten für die kovalente Funktionalisierung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren mit Peptiden und Proteinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Mann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straße 3a 37075 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang Z, Powell LR, Wu X, Kim M, Qu H, Wang P, Fortner JL, Xu B, Ng AL, Wang Y. Photolithographic Patterning of Organic Color-Centers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906517. [PMID: 32080923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic color-centers (OCCs) have emerged as promising single-photon emitters for solid-state quantum technologies, chemically specific sensing, and near-infrared bioimaging. However, these quantum light sources are currently synthesized in bulk solution, lacking the spatial control required for on-chip integration. The ability to pattern OCCs on solid substrates with high spatial precision and molecularly defined structure is essential to interface electronics and advance their quantum applications. Herein, a lithographic generation of OCCs on solid-state semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube films at spatially defined locations is presented. By using light-driven diazoether chemistry, it is possible to directly pattern p-nitroaryl OCCs, which demonstrate chemically specific spectral signatures at programmed positions as confirmed by Raman mapping and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging. This light-driven technique enables the fabrication of OCC arrays on solid films that fluoresce in the shortwave infrared and presents an important step toward the direct writing of quantum emitters and other functionalities at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lyndsey R Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacob L Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Allen L Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu F, Yuan Z, Sui X, Wang C, Xu M, Li W, Chen Y. Viscosity sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes based on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8301-8304. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new family of viscosity sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes is created by grafting rotors on single walled carbon nanotubes. The new photoluminescence emission peaks are highly sensitive to the viscosity of solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- China
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Xiao Sui
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Chaojun Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yin J, Zhang Y, Ma D, Yang R, Xu F, Wu H, He C, Liu L, Dong J, Shao Y. Nanoassembly and Multiscale Computation of Multifunctional Optical-Magnetic Nanoprobes for Tumor-Targeted Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41069-41081. [PMID: 31599161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods, mesoporous silica, gadolinia, folic acid, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives have been investigated due to their own advantages in cancer theranostics. However, it remains a great challenge to assemble these components into a stable unity with the diverse and enhanced functionality for more potential applications. Herein, as inspired by the first-principles calculation, a highly stable and safe all-in-one nanoprobe is fabricated via a novel nanoassembly strategy. Multiscale calculations were performed to address the atomistic bonding of a nanoprobe, heat necrosis of a tumor adjacent to the vasculature, and thermal diffusion in a photothermal circumstance, respectively. The nanoprobe gains an 8-fold increase in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxivity compared to the clinical gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, achieving a significant MRI signal in vivo. Conjugated with folate-PEG, the nanoprobe can be effectively absorbed by tumoral cells, obtaining a vivid two-photon cell imaging. A specific multisite scheme for photothermal therapy of a solid tumor is proposed to improve low photothermal efficacy caused by thermal diffusion in a large tumor, leading to the successful cure of the mice with xenograft tumor sized 10-12 mm. In vitro and in vivo toxicity, long-term excretion data, and the recovery of the treated mice demonstrate that the theranostic nanoprobe possesses good biocompatibility and metabolism efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and ⊥Center of Medical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Horoszko CP, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Rotkin SV, Heller DA. Optical Voltammetry of Polymer-Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:24200-24208. [PMID: 32690989 PMCID: PMC7371339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), noncovalently wrapped by a polymeric monolayer, is a nanoscale semiconductor-electrolyte interface under investigation for sensing, photonics, and photovoltaic applications. SWCNT complexes are routinely observed to sensitize various electrochemical/redox phenomena, even in the absence of an external field. While the photoluminescence response to gate voltage depends on the redox potential of the nanotube, analogous optical voltammetry of functionalized carbon nanotubes could be conducted in suspension without applying voltage but by varying the solution conditions as well as the chemistry of the encapsulating polymer. Steady-state photoluminescence, absorbance, and in situ measurements of O2/H2O reactivity show correlation with the pH/pK a-dependent reactivity of π-rich coatings. The nanotube emission responses suggest that the presence of photogenerated potential may explain the observed coating electrochemical reactivity. This work finds that electronic and chemical interactions of the nanotube with the encapsulating polymer may play a critical role in applications that depend on radiative recombination, such as optical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Horoszko
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Slava V. Rotkin
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miao Y, Gu C, Yu B, Zhu Y, Zou W, Shen Y, Cong H. Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles with Efficient NIR‐II Fluorescent, Photoacoustic and Photothermal Performance. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2793-2799. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Chuantao Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern TextileGrowing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yaowei Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
- Center for Bionanoengineering andKey Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern TextileGrowing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huai Y, Hossen MN, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Nanoparticle Interactions with the Tumor Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2247-2263. [PMID: 31408324 PMCID: PMC6892461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal tissues, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a number of aberrant characteristics including hypoxia, acidosis, and vascular abnormalities. Many researchers have sought to exploit these anomalous features of the TME to develop anticancer therapies, and several nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics have resulted. In this Review, we discuss the composition and pathophysiology of the TME, introduce nanoparticles (NPs) used in cancer therapy, and address the interaction between the TME and NPs. Finally, we outline both the potential problems that affect TME-based nanotherapy and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lin CW, Bachilo SM, Zheng Y, Tsedev U, Huang S, Weisman RB, Belcher AM. Creating fluorescent quantum defects in carbon nanotubes using hypochlorite and light. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2874. [PMID: 31253811 PMCID: PMC6599008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, enabling applications as single-photon emitters and bio-imaging agents. We report here a simple, quick, and controllable method for preparing oxygen-doped SWCNTs with desirable emission spectra. Aqueous nanotube dispersions are treated at room temperature with NaClO (bleach) and then UV-irradiated for less than one minute to achieve optimized O-doping. The doping efficiency is controlled by varying surfactant concentration and type, NaClO concentration, and irradiation dose. Photochemical action spectra indicate that doping involves reaction of SWCNT sidewalls with oxygen atoms formed by photolysis of ClO- ions. Variance spectroscopy of products reveals that most individual nanotubes in optimally treated samples show both pristine and doped emission. A continuous flow reactor is described that allows efficient preparation of milligram quantities of O-doped SWCNTs. Finally, we demonstrate a bio-imaging application that gives high contrast short-wavelength infrared fluorescence images of vasculature and lymphatic structures in mice injected with only ~100 ng of the doped nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Lin
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Uyanga Tsedev
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shengnan Huang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Angela M Belcher
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li J, Pu K. Development of organic semiconducting materials for deep-tissue optical imaging, phototherapy and photoactivation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:38-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in developing organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) for deep-tissue optical imaging, cancer phototherapy and biological photoactivation is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miao Y, Gu C, Zhu Y, Yu B, Shen Y, Cong H. Recent Progress in Fluorescence Imaging of the Near‐Infrared II Window. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2522-2541. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
| | - Chuantao Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
| | - Yaowei Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass, Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringLaboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu B, Lin Y, Li B, Zhan C, Zeng F, Wu S. Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Functionalized Squaraine Fluorophore as a Near-Infrared-Fluorescent Probe for the In Vivo Detection of Diagnostic Enzymes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9359-9365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenyue Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu X, Kim M, Kwon H, Wang Y. Photochemical Creation of Fluorescent Quantum Defects in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:648-653. [PMID: 29215774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantum defects are an emerging class of synthetic single-photon emitters that hold vast potential for near-infrared imaging, chemical sensing, materials engineering, and quantum information processing. Herein, we show that it is possible to optically direct the synthetic creation of molecularly tunable fluorescent quantum defects in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube hosts through photochemical reactions. By exciting the host semiconductor with light that resonates with its electronic transition, we find that halide-containing aryl groups can covalently bond to the sp2 carbon lattice. The introduced quantum defects generate bright photoluminescence that allows tracking of the reaction progress in situ. We show that the reaction is independent of temperature but correlates strongly with the photon energy used to drive the reaction, suggesting a photochemical mechanism rather than photothermal effects. This type of photochemical reactions opens the possibility to control the synthesis of fluorescent quantum defects using light and may enable lithographic patterning of quantum emitters with electronic and molecular precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu X, Kim M, Kwon H, Wang Y. Photochemical Creation of Fluorescent Quantum Defects in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jena P, Roxbury D, Galassi TV, Akkari L, Horoszko CP, Iaea DB, Budhathoki-Uprety J, Pipalia N, Haka AS, Harvey JD, Mittal J, Maxfield FR, Joyce JA, Heller DA. A Carbon Nanotube Optical Reporter Maps Endolysosomal Lipid Flux. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10689-10703. [PMID: 28898055 PMCID: PMC5707631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation within the lumen of endolysosomal vesicles is observed in various pathologies including atherosclerosis, liver disease, neurological disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, and cancer. Current methods cannot measure lipid flux specifically within the lysosomal lumen of live cells. We developed an optical reporter, composed of a photoluminescent carbon nanotube of a single chirality, that responds to lipid accumulation via modulation of the nanotube's optical band gap. The engineered nanomaterial, composed of short, single-stranded DNA and a single nanotube chirality, localizes exclusively to the lumen of endolysosomal organelles without adversely affecting cell viability or proliferation or organelle morphology, integrity, or function. The emission wavelength of the reporter can be spatially resolved from within the endolysosomal lumen to generate quantitative maps of lipid content in live cells. Endolysosomal lipid accumulation in cell lines, an example of drug-induced phospholipidosis, was observed for multiple drugs in macrophages, and measurements of patient-derived Niemann-Pick type C fibroblasts identified lipid accumulation and phenotypic reversal of this lysosomal storage disease. Single-cell measurements using the reporter discerned subcellular differences in equilibrium lipid content, illuminating significant intracellular heterogeneity among endolysosomal organelles of differentiating bone-marrow-derived monocytes. Single-cell kinetics of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol accumulation within macrophages revealed rates that differed among cells by an order of magnitude. This carbon nanotube optical reporter of endolysosomal lipid content in live cells confers additional capabilities for drug development processes and the investigation of lipid-linked diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakrit
V. Jena
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode
Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Leila Akkari
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Division
of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands
Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher P. Horoszko
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David B. Iaea
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Nina Pipalia
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Abigail S. Haka
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jackson D. Harvey
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | - Johanna A. Joyce
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ludwig Center
for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH 1066, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zubkovs V, Schuergers N, Lambert B, Ahunbay E, Boghossian AA. Mediatorless, Reversible Optical Nanosensor Enabled through Enzymatic Pocket Doping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701654. [PMID: 28940888 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence that benefits from indefinite photostability and tissue transparency, offering a promising basis for in vivo biosensing. Existing SWCNT optical sensors that rely on charge transfer for signal transduction often require exogenous mediators that compromise the stability and biocompatibility of the sensors. This study presents a reversible, mediatorless, near-infrared glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase-wrapped SWCNTs (GOx-SWCNTs). GOx-SWCNTs undergo a selective fluorescence increase in the presence of aldohexoses, with the strongest response toward glucose. When incorporated into a custom-built membrane device, the sensor demonstrates a monotonic increase in initial response rates with increasing glucose concentrations between 3 × 10-3 and 30 × 10-3 m and an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of KM (app) ≈ 13.9 × 10-3 m. A combination of fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements suggests a fluorescence enhancement mechanism based on localized enzymatic doping of SWCNT defect sites that does not rely on added mediators. Removal of glucose reverses the doping effects, resulting in full recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The cyclic addition and removal of glucose is shown to successively enhance and recover fluorescence, demonstrating reversibility that serves as a prerequisite for continuous glucose monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Zubkovs
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nils Schuergers
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Lambert
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Esra Ahunbay
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Powell LR, Kim M, Wang Y. Chirality-Selective Functionalization of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes with a Reactivity-Switchable Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12533-12540. [PMID: 28844140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chirality-selective functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been a difficult synthetic goal for more than a decade. Here we describe an on-demand covalent chemistry to address this intriguing challenge. Our approach involves the synthesis and isolation of a chemically inert diazoether isomer that can be switched to its reactive form in situ by modulation of the thermodynamic barrier to isomerization with pH and visible light that resonates with the optical frequency of the nanotube. We found that it is possible to completely inhibit the reaction in the absence of light, as determined by the limit of sensitive defect photoluminescence (less than 0.01% of the carbon atoms are bonded to a functional group). This optically driven diazoether chemistry makes it possible to selectively functionalize a specific SWCNT chirality within a mixture. Even for two chiralities that are nearly identical in diameter and electronic structure, (6,5)- and (7,3)-SWCNTs, we are able to activate the diazoether compound to functionalize the less reactive (7,3)-SWCNTs, driving the chemical reaction to near exclusion of the (6,5)-SWCNTs. This work opens opportunities to chemically tailor SWCNTs at the single chirality level for nanotube sorting, on-chip passivation, and nanoscale lithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey R Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|