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Zamaratskaia G, Gerhardt K, Knicky M, Wendin K. Buckwheat: an underutilized crop with attractive sensory qualities and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37640053 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2249112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The pseudocereal buckwheat is one of the ancient domesticated crops. The aim of the present review was to outline the potential of buckwheat as an agricultural crop and brings studies on buckwheat into a new larger perspective combining current knowledge in agricultural history and practice, nutritional and sensory properties, as well as possible benefits to human health. Historically, buckwheat was an appreciated crop because of its short growth period, moderate requirements for growth conditions, and high adaptability to adverse environments. Nowadays, interest in buckwheat-based food has increased because of its nutritional composition and many beneficial properties for human health. Buckwheat is a rich course of proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, including flavonoids. Moreover, it contains no gluten and can be used in the production of gluten-free foods for individuals diagnosed with celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, or wheat protein allergies. Buckwheat is traditionally used in the production of various foods and can be successfully incorporated into various new food formulations with positive effects on their nutritional value and attractive sensory properties. Further research is needed to optimize buckwheat-based food development and understand the mechanism of the health effects of buckwheat consumption on human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Gerhardt
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Knicky
- Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wendin
- Research Environment MEAL, Faculty of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Noda T, Ishiguro K, Suzuki T, Morishita T. Tartary Buckwheat Bran: A Review of Its Chemical Composition, Processing Methods and Food Uses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1965. [PMID: 37653882 PMCID: PMC10222156 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) containing large amounts of functional compounds with antioxidant activity, such as rutin, has attracted substantial research attention due to its industrial applications. Particularly, the functional compounds in Tartary buckwheat bran, an unexploited byproduct of the buckwheat flour milling process, are more concentrated than those in Tartary buckwheat flour. Thus, Tartary buckwheat bran is deemed to be a potential material for making functional foods. However, a review that comprehensively summarizes the research on Tartary buckwheat bran is lacking. Therefore, we highlighted current studies on the chemical composition of Tartary buckwheat bran. Moreover, the processing method and food uses of Tartary buckwheat bran are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Noda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-gun 082-0081, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiguro
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-gun 082-0081, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Suzuki
- Kyushu-Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Morishita
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-gun 082-0081, Japan
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3
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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New Insights into the Antioxidant Compounds of Achenes and Sprouted Buckwheat Cultivated in the Republic of Moldova. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that both Fagopyrum esculentum species, buckwheat achenes and buckwheat germs, contain flavonoids, and that they can be considered functional foods. In the present study we have analyzed the total content of polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC), as well as the antioxidant activity of buckwheat ahcenes originating from the Balti region, Republic of Moldova, and also of the buckwheat sprouts over seven days of germination. The content of phytochemicals in achenes and germinated buckwheat after three and seven days was determined by HPLC–MS analysis. Using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, we recorded an increase in TPC of 360%, and of 436% in TFC after seven days of buckwheat ahcene germination. We aimed to investigate the free radical scavenging properties of methanolic extracts from ahcenes and sprouted buckwheat. We identified and quantified flavonoids and lignans such as rutin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, quercetin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, lutein, apigenin, catechins, coumestrol—which have countless beneficial effects on human health—using HPLC–MS. FTIR analysis also revealed the accumulation of phenolic compounds during germination. This is the first study on the identification and quantification of phytochemicals from buckwheat achenes and sprouts from the Balti region of the Republic of Moldova.
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Zhang Y, Jin D, An X, Duan L, Duan Y, Lian F. Lychee Seed as a Potential Hypoglycemic Agent, and Exploration of its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737803. [PMID: 34690773 PMCID: PMC8531476 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is people's primal want. A reasonable diet and healthy food not only provide nutrients for human growth but also contribute to disease prevention and treatment, while following an unhealthy diet can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, especially metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. Nature is enriched with different food sources, and it seems that purely natural products are more in line with the current concept of health, which enhance the formation of the notion that "Food/Diet Supplements from Natural Sources as a Medicine." As a delicious fruit, the medicinal values such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidation, and antiglycating properties of lychee have been found. Lychee (Litchi in Chinese) is a subtropical fruit plant belonging to the family Sapindaceae. It has been widely cultivated in warm climates worldwide, particularly in China, for thousands of years. In recent years, various phytochemical components such as quercetin, procyanidin A2, and (2R)-naringenin-7-O-(3-O-αL-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) have been identified in a lychee seed, which may lend a lychee seed as a relatively safe and inexpensive adjuvant treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications. In fact, accumulating evidence has shown that lychee seed, lychee seed extracts, and related compounds have promising antihyperglycemic activities, including improving insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory effect, lipid regulation, neuroprotection, antineurotoxic effect, and renoprotection effect. In this review, we summarized publications on antiglycemic effects and mechanisms of lychee seed, lychee seed extracts, and related compounds, which included their efficacies as a cure for diabetes and diabetic complications in cells, animals, and humans, attempting to obtain a robust evidence basis for the clinical application and value of lychee seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Clinical department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dietary supplementation of rutin and rutin-rich buckwheat elevates endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 levels to facilitate glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Geng J, Li J, Zhu F, Chen X, Du B, Tian H, Li J. Plant sprout foods: Biological activities, health benefits, and bioavailability. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13777. [PMID: 34050545 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant sprout foods exhibit a lot of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-infection, and antiviral activities. Up to the present moment, plant sprout foods have received much attention due to their abundance, good bioavailability, and health benefits for human. This review highlights the biological activities of different plant sprout foods (viz., broccoli sprout, buckwheat sprout, wheat sprout, mung bean sprout, soybean sprout, and adkuzi bean sprout) using in vitro model, animal model, and human model. Furthermore, the bioavailability of plant sprout foods is also discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A review of the literature was conducted to biological activities of plant sprout foods, in addition to a summary of health benefits and bioavailability of sprout foods. Several biological activities of plant sprout foods with in vitro and in vivo evidence are currently unexplored in clinical trials, because the effects of sprout foods on human tissues and cells measured by tube test do not recapitulate the actual in vivo effects. Moreover, the safety of chemoprevention strategies using sprout foods that to protect against environmental exposures and other oxidative stress-related pathologies is important. Further research is warranted to evaluate bioavailability of individual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Geng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shaanxi Nutrition and Health Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - Fengmei Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
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Effect of Light and Dark on the Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat Hairy Roots Overexpressing ZmLC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094702. [PMID: 33946760 PMCID: PMC8125369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10′ is a buckwheat cultivar capable of producing large amounts of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids (anthocyanins), phenolic acids, and catechin, which have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we revealed that the maize transcription factor Lc increased the accumulation of phenolic compounds, including sinapic acid, 4-hydroxybenzonate, t-cinnamic acid, and rutin, in Hokkai T10 hairy roots cultured under long-photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) conditions. The transcription factor upregulated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes, yielding total phenolic contents reaching 27.0 ± 3.30 mg g−1 dry weight, 163% greater than the total flavonoid content produced by a GUS-overexpressing line (control). In contrast, when cultured under continuous darkness, the phenolic accumulation was not significantly different between the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots and the control. These findings suggest that the transcription factor (ZmLC) activity may be light-responsive in the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum, triggering activation of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Further studies are required on the optimization of light intensity in ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum to enhance the production of phenolic compounds.
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Jhan F, Gani A, Shah A, Ashwar BA, Bhat NA, Ganaie TA. Gluten-free minor cereals of Himalayan origin: Characterization, nutraceutical potential and utilization as possible anti-diabetic food for growing diabetic population of the world. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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He J, Zhang YL, Wang LP, Liu XC. Impact of different stereoisomers of inositol on insulin sensitivity of gestational diabetes mellitus patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:565-572. [PMID: 33553394 PMCID: PMC7829732 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inositol is a hexa-carbon polyol, a naturally soluble vitamin, often found in various foods.
AIM To discuss the impact of different stereoisomers of inositol on insulin sensitivity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.
METHODS Eighty GDM pregnant women were divided into four groups according to their treatment received: A group (placebo folic acid 400 μg/d), B group [myo-inositol (MI) 1500 mg, twice a day], C group [D-chiro-inositol (DCI) 250 mg, twice a day], and D group (inositol MI and inositol DCI 1500 mg/250 mg, twice a day). Each patient routinely used dietary guidance adjustments and did some safe and effective aerobic exercise in addition to receiving placebo or inositol from GDM diagnosis to delivery. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test postprandial glucose (2 h postprandial blood glucose), fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-ISI) scores were determined before treatment and 8 wk after treatment onset. Adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including hypoglycemia, excessive amniotic fluid, premature infants, macrosomia, fetal distress etc., were also recorded.
RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the baseline data of each group. The levels of 2 h blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in the B, C, and D groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (A group) after treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the B group, the level of the above indexes in the C and D groups decreased more significantly, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The HOMA-IR of B, C, and D groups decreased significantly, and the HOMA-ISI increased significantly compared with the A group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), among which the decrease of HOMA-IR and the increase of HOMA-ISI were more significant in the C and D group compared with the B group (P < 0.05). The occurrence rate of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the C and D group was significantly lower than that in the control group (A group), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Treatment with different inositol stereoisomers (inositol MI and inositol DCI) can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance in diabetic patients, and inositol DCI has a better curative effect than inositol MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
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Cheng F, Yun SJ, Cao JL, Chang MC, Meng JL, Liu JY, Cheng YF, Feng CP. Differential Gene Expression and Biological Analyses of Primary Hepatocytes Following D-Chiro-Inositol Supplement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:700049. [PMID: 34335474 PMCID: PMC8320774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements have improved the prevention of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases, which became a research hotspot in food science and nutrition. Obesity and insulin resistance, caused by a high-fat diet, eventually result in severe metabolic diseases, can be prevented with the dietary supplement D-chiro-inositol (DCI). In this work, we isolated mice primary hepatocytes with palmitic acid stimulation and DCI was applied to compare and contrast its effects of in primary hepatocyte biology. Before and after intervention with DCI, we used RNA-Seq technology to establish a primary hepatocyte transcriptome gene profile. We found that both PA and DCI cause a wide variation in gene expression. Particularly, we found that DCI plays critical role in this model by acting on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Overall, we generated extensive transcripts from primary hepatocytes and uncovered new functions and gene targets for DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shao-jun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jin-ling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ming-chang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Research Station for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jun-long Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Research Station for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jing-yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yan-fen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cui-ping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Cui-ping Feng,
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12
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Role of Inositols and Inositol Phosphates in Energy Metabolism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215079. [PMID: 33139672 PMCID: PMC7663797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inositols, especially myo-inositol and inositol hexakisphosphate, also known as phytic acid or IP6, with their biological activities received much attention for their role in multiple health beneficial effects. Although their roles in cancer treatment and prevention have been extensively reported, interestingly, they may also have distinctive properties in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. We review inositols and inositol phosphate metabolism in mammalian cells to establish their biological activities and highlight their potential roles in energy metabolism. These molecules are known to decrease insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity, and have diverse properties with importance from cell signaling to metabolism. Evidence showed that inositol phosphates might enhance the browning of white adipocytes and directly improve insulin sensitivity through adipocytes. In addition, inositol pyrophosphates containing high-energy phosphate bonds are considered in increasing cellular energetics. Despite all recent advances, many aspects of the bioactivity of inositol phosphates are still not clear, especially their effects on insulin resistance and alteration of metabolism, so more research is needed.
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Matsui K, Yasui Y. Genetic and genomic research for the development of an efficient breeding system in heterostylous self-incompatible common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1641-1653. [PMID: 32152716 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; 2n = 2x = 16) is an annual crop that is cultivated widely around the world and contains an abundance of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the yield of buckwheat is low compared to that of other major crops, and it contains proteins that cause allergic reactions in some people. Much research has aimed to improve or eliminate these undesirable traits, and some major advances have recently been made. Here, we review recent advances in buckwheat breeding materials, tools, and methods, including the development of self-compatible lines, genetic maps, a buckwheat genome database, and an efficient breeding strategy. We also describe emerging breeding methods for high-value lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Matsui
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yasui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Suzuki T, Noda T, Morishita T, Ishiguro K, Otsuka S, Brunori A. Present status and future perspectives of breeding for buckwheat quality. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:48-66. [PMID: 32351304 PMCID: PMC7180147 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat is an important crop globally. It has been processed into cereal grain, noodles, confectionery, bread, and fermented foods for many years. Buckwheat production and processing has supported local economies and is deeply related to the culture of some regions. Buckwheat has many unique traits as a food, with a good flavor and color. In addition, buckwheat is also a healthy food because it contains bioactive compounds that have anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, breeding of buckwheat for quality is an important issue to be addressed. Compared to other crops, there is still a lack of basic information on quality, including bioactive compounds generation and enhancement. However, some mechanisms for modifying and improving the quality of buckwheat varieties have recently been identified. Further, some varieties with improved quality have recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the issues around buckwheat quality and review the present status and future potential of buckwheat breeding for quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Suzuki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, Suya 2421, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Morishita
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Crop Science, Radiation Breeding Division, 2425 Kamimurata, Hitachi-Omiya, Ibaraki 319-2293, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiguro
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Shiori Otsuka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Upland Farming Research Station, Shinsei, Memuro, Kasai-Gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Andrea Brunori
- ENEA, CR Casaccia, SSPT-PVS, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy
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Ispiryan L, Zannini E, Arendt EK. Characterization of the FODMAP-profile in cereal-product ingredients. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Rodríguez JP, Rahman H, Thushar S, Singh RK. Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability. Front Genet 2020; 11:49. [PMID: 32174958 PMCID: PMC7056906 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing world population, an extra 1.5 billion mouths need to be fed by 2050 with continuously dwindling arable land. Hence, it is imperative that extra food come from the marginal lands that are expected to be unsuitable for growing major staple crops under the adverse climate change scenario. Crop diversity provides right alternatives for marginal environments to improve food, feed, and nutritional security. Well-adapted and climate-resilient crops will be the best fit for such a scenario to produce seed and biomass. The minor millets are known for their high nutritional profile and better resilience for several abiotic stresses that make them the suitable crops for arid and salt-affected soils and poor-quality waters. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also considered as orphan crops, are highly tolerant grass crop species that grow well in marginal and degraded lands of Africa and Asia with better nutritional profile. Another category of grains, called pseudo-cereals, is considered as rich foods because of their protein quality and content, high mineral content, and healthy and balance food quality. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) fall under this category. Nevertheless, both minor millets and pseudo-cereals are morphologically different, although similar for micronutrient bioavailability, and their grains are gluten-free. The cultivation of these millets can make dry lands productive and ensure future food as well as nutritional security. Although the natural nutrient profile of these crop plant species is remarkably good, little development has occurred in advances in molecular genetics and breeding efforts to improve the bioavailability of nutrients. Recent advances in NGS have enabled the genome and transcriptome sequencing of these millets and pseudo-cereals for the faster development of molecular markers and application in molecular breeding. Genomic information on finger millet (1,196 Mb with 85,243 genes); S. italica, a model small millet (well-annotated draft genome of 420 Mb with 38,801 protein-coding genes); amaranth (466 Mb genome and 23,059 protein-coding genes); buckwheat (genome size of 1.12 Gb with 35,816 annotated genes); and quinoa (genome size of 1.5 Gb containing 54,438 protein-coding genes) could pave the way for the genetic improvement of these grains. These genomic resources are an important first step toward genetic improvement of these crops. This review highlights the current advances and available resources on genomics to improve nutrient bioavailability in these five suitable crops for the sustained healthy livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Crop Diversification and Genetics Program, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Yilmaz HÖ, Ayhan NY, Meriç ÇS. Buckwheat: A Useful Food and Its Effects on Human Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180910140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
:
Buckwheat is a plant used for many purposes, such as consumed as a food and used in the
treatment of diseases. It is a good source of many vitamins and minerals and has balanced nutritional
value. Because of its nutrient content and many positive effects on human health, buckwheat has become
a functional food, recently. Main effects of buckwheat on human health are its hypotensive,
hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Thus, it is considered
an alternative food component in dietary treatment for chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes,
hypertension and celiac disease. Also, its rich nutrient content supports daily diet and provides a
better eating profile. As a result, buckwheat is accepted as a functional food, suggested to improve
human health and is used in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this review is to explain some positive
effects of buckwheat on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacı Ömer Yilmaz
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Yabanci Ayhan
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Salih Meriç
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Joshi DC, Zhang K, Wang C, Chandora R, Khurshid M, Li J, He M, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Strategic enhancement of genetic gain for nutraceutical development in buckwheat: A genomics-driven perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107479. [PMID: 31707074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) under the family Polygonaceae is an ancient pseudocereal with stupendous but less studied nutraceutical properties. The gluten free nature of protein, balanced amino acid profile and health promoting bioactive flavonoids make it a golden crop of future. Besides a scanty basic research, not much attention has been paid to the improvement of plant type and breeding of nutraceutical traits. Scanning of scientific literature indicates that adequate genetic variation exists for agronomic and nutritional traits in mainstream and wild gene pool of buckwheat. However, the currently employed conventional approaches together with poorly understood genetic mechanisms restrict effective utilization of the existing genetic variation in nutraceutical breeding of buckwheat. The latest trends in buckwheat genomics, particularly avalilabity of draft genome sequences for both the cultivated species (F. esculentum and F.tataricum) hold immense potential to overcome these limitations. Utilizing the transgenic hairy rot cultures, role of various transcription factors and gene families have been deduced in production and biosynthesis of bioactive flavonoids. Further, the acquisition of high-density genomics data coupled with the next-generation phenotyping will certainly improve our understanding of underlying genetic regulation of nutraceutical traits. The present paper highlights the application of multilayered omics interventions for tailoring a nutrient rich buckwheat cultivar and nutraceutical product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh C Joshi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rahul Chandora
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Shimla, HP, India
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jinbo Li
- Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ming He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zieliński H, Honke J, Bączek N, Majkowska A, Wronkowska M. Bioaccessibility of D-chiro-inositol from water biscuits formulated from buckwheat flours fermented by lactic acid bacteria and fungi. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Gabr AMM, Sytar O, Ghareeb H, Brestic M. Accumulation of amino acids and flavonoids in hairy root cultures of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:787-797. [PMID: 31168240 PMCID: PMC6522579 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transformed hairy root culture in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Rubra cultivar) was investigated for accumulation of amino acids and specific flavonoids. Leaves and stems of F. esculentum were used a starting material for induction of hairy roots via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. The transformed lines were confirmed by PCR detection of rol B gene, and their capability to continuously form hairy roots. Three lines from each explant types depending upon growth kinetics were observed. The hairy root lines were used to measure the contents of 17 amino acids and 3 flavonoids. Overall, the hairy root lines exhibited elevated accumulation of semi-essential amino acids such as lysine, isoleucine, valine, histidine and phenylalanine. Content of proline was increased 3-5 times, likely due to the biotic stress reaction induced with A. rhizogenes. Determination of flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography, hesperidine and kaempferol-3-rutinoside, were accumulated in hairy root cultures and didn't detected in non-transformed root. The increase in flavonoids positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the hairy root cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. M. Gabr
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Plant Physiology and Ecology Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Biology, Volodymyrskya Str., 64, Kiev, 01033 Ukraine
- Departament of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Hassan Ghareeb
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Marian Brestic
- Departament of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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21
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Mollazadeh H, Mahdian D, Hosseinzadeh H. Medicinal plants in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: A review based on their mechanisms and effectiveness. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:43-52. [PMID: 30668411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia (HTg) defines as high amounts of triglyceride (TG) in the blood which can lead to serious complications over time. HTg is usually a part of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Different medications have been used to treat HTg but experimentally, many herbs have been recommended for treating HTg as an adjuvant therapy. In most cases, the recommendations are based on animal studies and limited evidences exist about their mechanisms and clinical usefulness. PURPOSE This review focused on the herbs which have been shown TG lowering effect. METHOD The search was done in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases a 20-year period between 1997 to 2017 with keywords search of medicinal plant, plant extract, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein. RESULTS According to the results, many plants showed positive effects but Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Curcuma longa, Anethum graveolens and Commiphora mukul had the best TG lowering effect with exact mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION It seems that use of these plants as complementary therapeutics or extraction of their active ingredients along with currently available drugs will improve the management of HTg in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamic and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Lahuta LB, Ligor M, Placek W, Górecki RJ, Buszewski B. The Healing-Promoting Properties of Selected Cyclitols-A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121891. [PMID: 30513929 PMCID: PMC6316775 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myo-inositol and its derivatives cyclitols play an important role in the processes of cell regulation, signal transduction, osmoregulation, and ion channel physiology, and are a component of the cell membrane. Free cyclitols present in food or released during the degradation of galactosyl cyclitols by bacteria (in digestive tract) show some physiological benefits. AIM The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the documented data about curative and healing properties of cyclitols. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cyclitols are well known compounds in the treatment of an accompanied diabetes insulin resistance, and also obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. d-chiro-Inositol deficiency exacerbates insulin resistance in the liver, muscles, and fat, while depletion of myo-inositol results in the development of diabetic complications. Cyclitols are successfully applied in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome, simultaneous are observed effective reducing of BMI, improving the hormonal profile, and increasing fertility. Moreover, cyclitols have anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. CONCLUSION The properties of cyclitols may be a good therapeutic option in the reduction of metabolically induced inflammation. Due to well drugs tolerance and low toxicity of these compounds, cyclitols are recommend for pregnant women and also for children. Another advantage is their widespread presence and easy availability, which encourages their use in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Józef Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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23
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Bevilacqua A, Bizzarri M. Inositols in Insulin Signaling and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1968450. [PMID: 30595691 PMCID: PMC6286734 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1968450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, both the importance of inositol for human health and the complex interaction between glucose and inositol have been the subject of increasing consideration. Glucose has been shown to interfere with cellular transmembrane transport of inositol, inhibiting, among others, its intestinal absorption. Moreover, intracellular glucose is required for de novo biosynthesis of inositol through the inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 pathway, while a few glucose-related metabolites, like sorbitol, reduce intracellular levels of inositol. Furthermore, inositol, via its major isomers myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, and probably some of its phosphate intermediate metabolites and correlated enzymes (like inositol hexakisphosphate kinase) participate in both insulin signaling and glucose metabolism by influencing distinct pathways. Indeed, clinical data support the beneficial effects exerted by inositol by reducing glycaemia levels and hyperinsulinemia and buffering negative effects of sustained insulin stimulation upon the adipose tissue and the endocrine system. Due to these multiple effects, myoIns has become a reliable treatment option, as opposed to hormonal stimulation, for insulin-resistant PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Research in Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet” (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
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24
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Wu W, Wang L, Qiu J, Li Z. The analysis of fagopyritols from tartary buckwheat and their anti-diabetic effects in KK-Ay type 2 diabetic mice and HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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Einhorn L, Hofstetter G, Brandt S, Hainisch EK, Fukuda I, Kusano K, Scheynius A, Mittermann I, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Marti E, Rhyner C, Crameri R, Satoh R, Teshima R, Tanaka A, Sato H, Matsuda H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer. Allergy 2018; 73:1436-1446. [PMID: 29350763 PMCID: PMC6032949 DOI: 10.1111/all.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Companion animals are also affected by IgE‐mediated allergies, but the eliciting molecules are largely unknown. We aimed at refining an allergen microarray to explore sensitization in horses and compare it to the human IgE reactivity profiles. Methods Custom‐designed allergen microarray was produced on the basis of the ImmunoCAP ISAC technology containing 131 allergens. Sera from 51 horses derived from Europe or Japan were tested for specific IgE reactivity. The included horse patients were diagnosed for eczema due to insect bite hypersensitivity, chronic coughing, recurrent airway obstruction and urticaria or were clinically asymptomatic. Results Horses showed individual IgE‐binding patterns irrespective of their health status, indicating sensitization. In contrast to European and Japanese human sensitization patterns, frequently recognized allergens were Aln g 1 from alder and Cyn d 1 from Bermuda grass, likely due to specific respiratory exposure around paddocks and near the ground. The most prevalent allergen for 72.5% of the tested horses (37/51) was the 2S‐albumin Fag e 2 from buckwheat, which recently gained importance not only in human but also in horse diet. Conclusion In line with the One Health concept, covering human health, animal health and environmental health, allergen microarrays provide novel information on the allergen sensitization patterns of the companion animals around us, which may form a basis for allergen‐specific preventive and therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Einhorn
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Hofstetter
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Brandt
- Research Group Oncology; Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology; Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Fukuda
- Racehorse Hospital; Miho Training Center; Japan Racing Association; Mikoma Japan
| | - K. Kusano
- Racehorse Hospital; Miho Training Center; Japan Racing Association; Mikoma Japan
| | - A. Scheynius
- Science for Life Laboratory; Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. Mittermann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Y. Resch-Marat
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Rhyner
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Crameri
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Satoh
- Division of Food Function Research; Food Research Institute; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Japan
| | - R. Teshima
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - H. Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - H. Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - I. Pali-Schöll
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Jensen-Jarolim
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- AllergyCare; Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center; Vienna Austria
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Grignon-Dubois M, Rezzonico B. High Value-Added Biomolecules from Beach Waste of Marine Origin-Screening for Potential Candidates among Seagrass of the Cymodoceaceae Family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874847301705010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Detrital leaves from seagrass of the Cymodoceaceae family were assayed for biologically active molecules that have commercial as well as societal benefits.
Objective:
We focused on L-chiro-inositol, a very rare natural occurring cyclitol, and chicoric acid, a polyphenolic compound, in which both applications were found in the nutraceutical segment.
Method:
Six species of seagrass belonging to the genera Syringodium, Cymodocea and Halodule were collected from their native habitat. The L-chiro-inositol content of the crude aqueous extracts prepared from different batches of Cymodocea nodosa flotsam was measured by quantitative 1H-NMR spectroscopy. High concentrations were found with values ranging from 22.2 to 35.0 mg.g-1 plant dw. The presence of L-chiro-inositol in the tropical species C. rotundata, C. serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia was also characterized by qualitative NMR. The chicoric acid content of crude aqueous methanolic extracts prepared from C. rotundata, C. serrulata, S. isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia was determined by quantitative HPLC-DAD. The values found ranged from 0.39 to 6.15 mg.g-1 dry weight. Chicoric acid was unambiguously identified as the major phenolic in S. isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia, while it was found in mixture with flavonol derivatives in C. rotundata and C. serrulata. Flavonol derivatives are also of interest for their bioactivity.
Result:
Considering the demonstrated therapeutic applications of L-chiro-inositol and chicoric acid, their high value on the nutraceutical market, and their rare occurrence in the plant kingdom, their presence in Syringodium, Cymodocea and Halodule detrital leaves makes this abundant biomass of interest for dietary and pharmaceutical applications.
Conclusion:
These results show that there is a real potential for harvesting beachcast Cymodoceacea.
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Park W, Kim JH, Ju MG, Hong GE, Yeon SJ, Seo HG, Lee CH. Enhancing quality characteristics of salami sausages formulated with whole buckwheat flour during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:326-332. [PMID: 28242931 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of salami sausages added with different levels of whole buckwheat flour (BWF) during storage. Samples included the control (Con), addition of 1% BWF (T1), 3% BWF (T2), and 5% BWF (T3). Water activity (aw) and pH decreased with increased level of BWF. Salami sausage samples containing 5% BWF demonstrated significantly lower 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values than the control. Changes in TBA values between day 0 and 21 for T2 and T3 were less than that for control. Total plate count (TPC) of all groups significantly decreased, whereas lactic acid bacteria significantly increased after 21 days. TPC of samples added with BWF was significantly lower during storage. Inclusion of BWF seemed to be an effective means of retarding lipid oxidation and enhancing storability of salami sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Han Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Ju
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
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Hou Z, Hu Y, Yang X, Chen W. Antihypertensive effects of Tartary buckwheat flavonoids by improvement of vascular insulin sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:4217-4228. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00975e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids alleviate hypertension through attenuating vascular insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxu Hou
- Department of Aerospace Medicine
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food
- Chongqing University of Education
- Chongqing 400067
- China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
- Xijing Hospital
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
- China
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Gabrial SGN, Shakib MCR, Gabrial GN. Effect of Pseudocereal-Based Breakfast Meals on the First and Second Meal Glucose Tolerance in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:565-573. [PMID: 28028392 PMCID: PMC5175500 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have indicated that the incidence of serious diabetic complications may be reduced through strict glycemic control. A low glycemic index diet is one tool to improve insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM The objective was to study the effect of pseudocereals-based breakfasts (quinoa and buckwheat) on glucose variations at first meal (breakfast) and second meal (standardised lunch) in healthy and diabetic subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twelve healthy subjects and 12 patients with Type 2 DM (not- insulin dependent) were recruited in the study. Subjects were provided with quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals. A standardised lunch was provided 4 h after breakfast. Postprandial blood glucose response after breakfast and the second meal effect was measured in healthy and diabetic subjects. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) values for glucose was measured in response to the breakfast and lunch. The glycemic index of the 2 pseudocereals-based test breakfasts was determined. A white wheat bread (WWB) was served as a reference breakfast meal. RESULTS In post-breakfast analyses, healthy subjects showed that buckwheat meal had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001) while quinoa meal showed no significance. In diabetic subjects, buckwheat and quinoa meals had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Blood glucose concentrations started to decline gradually for the quinoa and buckwheat but not for WWB in all healthy and diabetic subjects and returned to near-fasting baseline levels by 210 min. Post-lunch analyses indicated higher IAUC for the two breakfast types in healthy and diabetic subjects. In addition, the quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals were followed by a significantly flatter blood glucose response to the second meal for the period between 270 and 330 min. At the end of the second meal period, values were below or near-fasting baseline levels in the breakfast period. The blood glucose concentration after consuming quinoa meal showed a high peak at 30 min similar to that of WWB reference meal. This peak resulted in a high glycemic index (GI) for quinoa (89.4). The GI of buckwheat recorded a low value (26.8). CONCLUSION The two studied pseudocereals; quinoa and buckwheat have high potential to improve glucose tolerance at the first and second meal (lunch) and are recommended to be introduced in our daily diet for healthy and diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreef G. N. Gabrial
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Marie-Christine R. Shakib
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Gamal N. Gabrial
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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Matsui K, Hisano T, Yasui Y, Mori M, Walker AR, Morishita T, Katsu K. Isolation and characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (FeLAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (FeANR) in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 205:41-47. [PMID: 27607249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a major group of flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, however the pathway has not been fully characterized in buckwheat. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) are involved in the last steps of PA biosynthesis. To isolate the genes for these enzymes from buckwheat we performed PCR using degenerate primers and obtained cDNAs of ANR and LAR, which we designated FeANR and FeLAR1. A search for homologs in a buckwheat genome database with both sequences returned two more LAR sequences, designated FeLAR2 and FeLAR3. Linkage analysis with an F2 segregating population indicated that the three LAR loci were not genetically linked. We detected high levels of PAs in roots and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings and in buds and flowers of mature plants. FeANR and FeLAR1-3 were expressed in most organs but had different expression patterns. Our findings would be useful for breeding and further analysis of PA synthesis and its regulation in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Matsui
- NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Hisano
- NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yasui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 912-8836, Japan
| | - Amanda R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Wine Innovation West, Waite Campus, Hartley Grove, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Toshikazu Morishita
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Shinsei-minami 9-4, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Katsu
- NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
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Rendle P, Kassibawi F, Johnston K, Hart J, Cameron S, Falshaw A, Painter G, Loomes K. Synthesis and biological activities of d - chiro -inositol analogues with insulin-like actions. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:442-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sytar O, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Tran LSP. The Contribution of Buckwheat Genetic Resources to Health and Dietary Diversity. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:193-206. [PMID: 27252586 PMCID: PMC4869006 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several reports on the beneficial effects of buckwheat in prevention of human diseases, little attention has been devoted to the variability of biochemical and physiological traits in different buckwheat genetic resources. This review describes the biochemical evaluation of buckwheat genetic resources and the identification of elite genotypes for plant breeding and exploitation. The various types of bioactive compounds present in different varieties provide basic background information needed for the efficient production of buckwheat foods with added value. In this review, we will provide an integrated view of the biochemistry of bioactive compounds of buckwheat plants of different origin, especially of fagopyrin, proteins and amino acids, as well as of other phenolic compounds including rutin and chlorogenic acid. In addition to the genetic background, the effect of different growth conditions is discussed. The health effects of fagopyrin, phenolic acids, specific proteins and rutin are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Plant Physiology and Ecology Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Biology, Volodymyrskya str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Tsurumi, Japan
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LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis and Extraction Method of Phenolic Acids from Gluten-Free Precooked Buckwheat Pasta. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thwe A, Valan Arasu M, Li X, Park CH, Kim SJ, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. Effect of Different Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on Hairy Root Induction and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:318. [PMID: 27014239 PMCID: PMC4789558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different A. rhizogenes strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10’ cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as ftpAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3, H1, FtF3′H2, FtANS, and FtDFR; and to quantify the in vitro synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 μg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (800, 750, and 650 μg/g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 μg/g DW, respectively). A suitable A. rhizogenes strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thwe
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. The "Other" Inositols and Their Phosphates: Synthesis, Biology, and Medicine (with Recent Advances in myo-Inositol Chemistry). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1614-50. [PMID: 26694856 PMCID: PMC5156312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling via inositol phosphates, in particular via the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphoinositides comprises a huge field of biology. Of the nine 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol isomers, myo-inositol is pre-eminent, with "other" inositols (cis-, epi-, allo-, muco-, neo-, L-chiro-, D-chiro-, and scyllo-) and derivatives rarer or thought not to exist in nature. However, neo- and d-chiro-inositol hexakisphosphates were recently revealed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, thus highlighting the paucity of knowledge of the origins and potential biological functions of such stereoisomers, a prevalent group of environmental organic phosphates, and their parent inositols. Some "other" inositols are medically relevant, for example, scyllo-inositol (neurodegenerative diseases) and d-chiro-inositol (diabetes). It is timely to consider exploration of the roles and applications of the "other" isomers and their derivatives, likely by exploiting techniques now well developed for the myo series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen J Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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36
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Stringer DM, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Glucose transporters: cellular links to hyperglycemia in insulin resistance and diabetes. Nutr Rev 2016; 73:140-54. [PMID: 26024537 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression and/or function of mammalian hexose transporters contribute to the hallmark hyperglycemia of diabetes. Due to different roles in glucose handling, various organ systems possess specific transporters that may be affected during the diabetic state. Diabetes has been associated with higher rates of intestinal glucose transport, paralleled by increased expression of both active and facilitative transporters and a shift in the location of transporters within the enterocyte, events that occur independent of intestinal hyperplasia and hyperglycemia. Peripheral tissues also exhibit deregulated glucose transport in the diabetic state, most notably defective translocation of transporters to the plasma membrane and reduced capacity to clear glucose from the bloodstream. Expression of renal active and facilitative glucose transporters increases as a result of diabetes, leading to elevated rates of glucose reabsorption. However, this may be a natural response designed to combat elevated blood glucose concentrations and not necessarily a direct effect of insulin deficiency. Functional foods and nutraceuticals, by modulation of glucose transporter activity, represent a potential dietary tool to aid in the management of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Stringer
- D.M. Stringer was with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada at the time of manuscript preparation. C.G. Taylor is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Peter Zahradka
- D.M. Stringer was with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada at the time of manuscript preparation. C.G. Taylor is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- D.M. Stringer was with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada at the time of manuscript preparation. C.G. Taylor is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka is with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; the Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Park W, Kim JH, Ju MG, Yeon SJ, Hong GE, Lee CH. Physicochemical and textural properties of pork patties as affected by buckwheat and fermented buckwheat. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:658-66. [PMID: 26787985 PMCID: PMC4711413 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was investigated to assess the effects of buckwheat (BW) and fermented buckwheat (FBW) on the proximate compositions, pH change, cooking quality, lipid oxidation, textural properties, and sensory characteristics of pork patties. Pork patties treated with BW and FBW were divided into six groups; Con, non-treated patties; T0, reduced fat patties; T1 and T2, addition of 1 and 3 % BW; FT1 and FT2, addition of 1 and 3 % FBW. FBW showed significantly higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents than BW (P < 0.05). FT2 had significantly lower level of lipid oxidation than other groups (P < 0.05). The addition of BW and FBW increased the crude fiber content in pork patties, whereas it decreased the crude fat content compared to the control group (P < 0.05). BW and FBW significantly reduced expressible drip and cooking loss (P < 0.05). Pork patties prepared with BW and FBW exhibited higher redness value of uncooked and cooked patties. Texture profile analysis of patties revealed that the addition of BW and FBW significantly decreased the hardness and increased tenderness. The results suggested that BW and FBW exhibited substantial effects on improving the quality of pork patties. The 1 % BW (T1) and FBW (FT1) appeared to be the most effective means of improving the overall properties of pork patties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojoon Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Han Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Ju
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Hong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
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Purification, characterization, and DNA damage protection of active components from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) hull. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. Die “anderen” Inositole und ihre Phosphate: Synthese, Biologie und Medizin (sowie jüngste Fortschritte in dermyo-Inositolchemie). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Stephen J. Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT Vereinigtes Königreich
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40
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Zhou Z, Ren X, Wang F, Li J, Si X, Cao R, Yang R, Strappe P, Blanchard C. High pressure processing manipulated buckwheat antioxidant activity, anti-adipogenic properties and starch digestibility. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Zieliński H. Buckwheat as a Functional Food and Its Effects on Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7896-913. [PMID: 26270637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) is a gluten-free pseudocereal that belongs to the Polygonaceae family. BW grain is a highly nutritional food component that has been shown to provide a wide range of beneficial effects. Health benefits attributed to BW include plasma cholesterol level reduction, neuroprotection, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic effects, and improvement of hypertension conditions. In addition, BW has been reported to possess prebiotic and antioxidant activities. In vitro and animal studies suggest that BW's bioactive compounds, such as D-chiro-inositol (DCI), BW proteins (BWP), and BW flavonoids (mainly rutin and quercetin) may be partially responsible for the observed effects. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent research regarding the health benefits of BW, in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the specific role of its bioactive compounds and on the mechanisms by which these effects are exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Zieliński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abnormalities in myo-inositol metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet: benefits of a dietary myo-inositol supplementation. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1862-75. [PMID: 25990651 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that a chronic supplementation with myo-inositol (MI) improved insulin sensitivity and reduced fat accretion in mice. We then tested the potency of such dietary intervention in the prevention of insulin resistance in C57BL/6 male mouse fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, some abnormalities in inositol metabolism were reported to be associated with insulin resistance in several animal and human studies. We then investigated the presence of such anomalies (i.e. inosituria and an inositol intra-tissue depletion) in this diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, as well as the potential benefit of a MI supplementation for inositol intra-tissue deficiency correction. HFD (60 % energy from fat) feeding was associated with inosituria and inositol intra-tissue depletion in the liver and kidneys. MI supplementation (0·58 mg/g per d) restored inositol pools in kidneys (partially) and liver (fully). HFD feeding for 4 months induced ectopic lipid redistribution to liver and muscles, fasting hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and obesity that were not prevented by MI supplementation, despite a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity parameter K insulin tolerance test and a reduction in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass ( - 17 %, P< 0·05). MI supplementation significantly reduced fatty acid synthase activity in epididymal WAT, which might explain its beneficial, but modest, effect on WAT accretion in HFD-fed mice. Finally, we found some abnormalities in inositol metabolism in association with a diabetic phenotype (i.e. insulin resistance and fasting hyperglycaemia) in a DIO mouse model. Dietary MI supplementation was efficient in the prevention of inositol intra-tissue depletion, but did not prevent insulin resistance or obesity efficiently in this mouse model.
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Giménez-Bastida J, Piskuła M, Zieliński H. Recent Advances in Processing and Development of Buckwheat Derived Bakery and Non-Bakery Products – a Review. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Choi JY, Lee JM, Lee DG, Cho S, Yoon YH, Cho EJ, Lee S. The n-Butanol Fraction and Rutin from Tartary Buckwheat Improve Cognition and Memory in an In Vivo Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Food 2015; 18:631-41. [PMID: 25785882 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the beneficial effects of the n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from tartary buckwheat (TB) on learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of amyloid β (Aβ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Learning and memory were assessed using the T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Animals administered Aβ showed impaired cognition and memory, which were alleviated by oral administration of an n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from TB. Similarly, Aβ-induced increases in nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidneys were attenuated by treatment with n-butanol fraction and rutin from TB in addition to antioxidant effects observed in control (nonAβ-treated) animals. The results of the present study suggest that the n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from TB are protective against and have possible therapeutic applications for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,3Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Dong Gu Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sunghun Cho
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Yoon
- 3Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Ren D, Guo J, Luo Y, Yang X. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects ofd-chiro-inositol-enriched tartary buckwheat extract in high fructose-fed mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:3760-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
d-Chiro-Inositol-Enriched Tartary Buckwheat Extract (DTBE) prevents high fructose-induced hyperglycemia and hepatic injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
- China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
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Szawara-Nowak D, Koutsidis G, Wiczkowski W, Zieliński H. Evaluation of the in vitro inhibitory effects of buckwheat enhanced wheat bread extracts on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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D-Pinitol andmyo-Inositol Stimulate Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4 in Skeletal Muscle of C57BL/6 Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1062-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hosaka T, Sasaga S, Yamasaka Y, Nii Y, Edazawa K, Tsutsumi R, Shuto E, Okahisa N, Iwata S, Tomotake H, Sakai T. Treatment with buckwheat bran extract prevents the elevation of serum triglyceride levels and fatty liver in KK-A y mice. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:345-52. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hosaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Sayaka Sasaga
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yukiko Yamasaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Emi Shuto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Naoki Okahisa
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | - Shinya Iwata
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Cal AJ, Dobránszki J. Progress and prospects for interspecific hybridization in buckwheat and the genus Fagopyrum. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1768-75. [PMID: 24055817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated buckwheat, such as common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) buckwheat, is one of the most versatile crops for forage and food and has several benefits for human health. Interspecific hybridization between Fagopyrum species is of great importance to improvement of buckwheat. Hybridization would allow the transfer of agronomical beneficial characteristics from wild Fagopyrum species, including self-pollination and increased fertility, frost tolerance, and higher content of beneficial compounds. However, conventional breeding methods are only partially applicable because of the self-incompatibility and incompatibility barriers between different species. Present review summarizes the morphology of self-incompatibility, the genetic and cellular basis of incompatibility between different Fagopyrum species. In many interspecific crosses hybrid embryos are aborted after successful pollination due to post-zygotic incompatibility. The use of in vitro embryo rescue after interspecific hybridization has been successful in circumventing breeding barriers between Fagopyrum species. Methods applied successfully for the construction of interspecific hybrids are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Research Institutes and Study Farm, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, P.O. Box 12, H-4400, Hungary.
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