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Wang Q, Hu GL, Qiu MH, Cao J, Xiong WY. Coffee, tea, and cocoa in obesity prevention: Mechanisms of action and future prospects. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100741. [PMID: 38694556 PMCID: PMC11061710 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major public health problem, causes numerous complications that threaten human health and increase the socioeconomic burden. The pathophysiology of obesity is primarily attributed to lipid metabolism disorders. Conventional anti-obesity medications have a high abuse potential and frequently deliver insufficient efficacy and have negative side-effects. Hence, functional foods are regarded as effective alternatives to address obesity. Coffee, tea, and cocoa, three widely consumed beverages, have long been considered to have the potential to prevent obesity, and several studies have focused on their intrinsic molecular mechanisms in past few years. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the bioactive ingredients in these three beverages counteract obesity from the aspects of adipogenesis, lipolysis, and energy expenditure (thermogenesis). The future prospects and challenges for coffee, tea, and cocoa as functional products for the treatment of obesity are also discussed, which can be pursued for future drug development and prevention strategies against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gui-Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Rodrigues DBB, Punaro GR, Lima DY, Rodrigues AM, Pugliero S, Higa EMS. Cupuaçu extract protects the kidneys of diabetic rats by modulating Nrf2/NF-κB p65 and iNOS. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220927. [PMID: 37493696 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress. Its suggested that extract of cupuaçu could improve the antioxidant system in diabetes. The aim was to evaluate the effect of EC on Nrf2/NF-κB p65 in normal and diabetic rats. Male, adult Wistar rats (9-week-old) were distributed in 4 groups: control (CTL) and diabetic (DM) who received water; CTLEC and DMEC who received 1 mL/day of EC (1 g/mL), via gavage for 8 consecutive weeks. The diabetes was inducted with a single intravenous dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Glycemia and body weight were measured at the beginning and end of the protocol, and the renal tissue was analyzed by Western blot for SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, GSSG, Nrf2, NF-κB p65, iNOS and 3-NT. Glycemia was reduced in DMEC vs. DM after 8 weeks of EC treatment. There was no difference in body weight of DMEC vs. DM; however, DMEC vs. DM presented increased levels of CAT and Nrf2, with a significant reduction of NF-κB p65, iNOS and 3-NT. Therefore, we suggest that EC could be utilized as a complementary therapy to ameliorate the antioxidant profile via Nrf2 and to delay the evolution of diabetic complications in renal tissue by inflammatory pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B B Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nefrologia, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Medicina Translacional, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Punaro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nefrologia, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deyse Y Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nefrologia, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelson M Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Medicina Translacional, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Pugliero
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nefrologia, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Medicina Translacional, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa M S Higa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nefrologia, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Medicina Translacional, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Emergência e Urgência, Rua Pedro de Toledo, #763, 14º Andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Carta S, Tsiplakou E, Mitsiopoulou C, Pulina G, Nudda A. Cocoa husks fed to lactating dairy ewes affect milk fatty acid profile and oxidative status of blood and milk. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jibril MM, Haji-Hamid A, Abas F, Karrupan J, Mohammed AS, Jaafar AH, Pak Dek MS, Ramli NS. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract attenuates biochemical and histological parameters in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14058. [PMID: 34981526 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate the attenuative effects of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract on biochemical and histological parameters in a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including three supplemented groups: 10 mg metformin/kg BW (HFD/STZ +M), 200 mg watermelon leaf extract /kg BW (HFD/STZ + LD), and 400 mg watermelon leaf extract /kg BW (HFD/STZ + HD). The efficacy of the 6-week intervention was evaluated by measuring body weight, fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, lipid profile, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and serum liver markers. Kidneys and liver structure were defined by histopathological examination. Results revealed that intervention with watermelon leaf extract attenuated the biochemical parameters and the structural changes in kidneys and liver. In brief, the watermelon leaf extract treatment could effectively decrease complications associated with diabetes better than metformin, and that the treatment with 400 mg/kg BW is the most potent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This was the first study to investigate the antidiabetic potential of watermelon leaf extract in obese diabetic rats. Data revealed that the watermelon leaf extract significantly attenuated the HFD/STZ-induced diabetes changes, as evidenced by the biochemical and histological data. Hence, watermelon leaf could be an excellent candidate to be developed as a functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for holistic management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustapha Jibril
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Azizah Haji-Hamid
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeeven Karrupan
- Food Technology Research Center, Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute, MARDI Headquarter, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Haniff Jaafar
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hassan MA, Xu T, Tian Y, Zhong Y, Ali FAZ, Yang X, Lu B. Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153771. [PMID: 34700271 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) is native to India and is a cash crop widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The health improving properties of MO has been studied from a long time ago for the numerous phenolic compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in considerable amounts in the plant. A growing spectrum of therapeutic characteristics of MO leaves has been found and used in the remission or treatment of oxidative stress, liver disease, neurological disease, hyperglycemia and cancer. HYPOTHESIS This review focused on researches applying MO or MO leaf extract as a functional food or cure against various disease and cellular injuries. We believed it would help the discovery of therapeutic application of MO and understanding of MO phytochemistry. METHODS The data collected in this review were extracted from researches indexed in Web of Science, google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus to find out health benefits and biological activities of MO leaves polyphenols. The studies reporting mechanistic route of phenolic compounds of MO leaves were also considered in the present study. RESULTS It has been reported that polyphenols of MO leaf have protective characteristics against neurodegenerative disorders through reducing DNA damage, activation of AchE activity and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. It has been reported that, they protected the kidney from damage caused by melamine through suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Similarly, methanol extract of MO leaves has low hypoglycemic attributes and attenuate the risk of diabetes caused by alloxan by enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating insulin release, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis. In addition, MO leaves are becoming the best phytomedicine to reduce hypertension, which are naturally known as angiotensin-1converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase, arginase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. CONCLUSION MO leaves extract as a health promoting food additives for human and animals due to its great protective effect against many diseases and the widely persistent environmental toxins which disrupted cellular metabolic function. More studies are required to use the phenolic compounds of MO leaves to develop and produce drugs for controlling and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University - Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Ho YL, Nguyen XMT, Yan JQ, Vassy JL, Gagnon DR, Gaziano JM, Wilson PWF, Cho K, Djoussé L. Chocolate consumption and risk of coronary artery disease: the Million Veteran Program. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1137-1144. [PMID: 34483344 PMCID: PMC8412179 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies have suggested cocoa products may promote cardiovascular health in the general population, no public data are available from patients receiving care in a national integrated health care system. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that regular chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events among participants of the Million Veteran Program (MVP). Secondary analysis examined if the main hypothesis was observed among participants with type 2 diabetes. Methods We analyzed data from MVP participants who completed the food frequency section of the MVP Lifestyle Survey and were free of CAD at the time of survey completion. CAD events during follow-up (International Statistical Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision codes 410-411 and 413-414, and Tenth Revision codes I20-I25 except I25.2) were assessed using electronic health records. We fitted a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the RR of CAD. Results Of 188,447 MVP enrollees with survey data, mean ± SD age was 64 ± 12.0 y and 90% were men. For regular chocolate (28.3 g/serving) consumption of <1 serving/mo, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, 2-4 servings/wk, and ≥5 servings/wk, crude incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) for fatal and nonfatal CAD events or coronary procedures were 20.2, 17.5, 16.7, 17.1, and 16.9, respectively, during a mean follow-up of 3.2 y. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and lifestyle factors, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 1.00 (ref), 0.92 (0.87, 0.96), 0.88 (0.83, 0.93), 0.89 (0.84, 0.95), and 0.89 (0.84, 0.96), respectively (P for linear trend < 0.0001). In a secondary analysis of 47,265 diabetics, we did not observe a decreasing trend in CAD mortality among those who consumed ≥1 serving of chocolate a month compared with those who consumed <1 serving/mo. Conclusions Regular chocolate consumption was associated with a lower risk of CAD among veterans, but was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Lam Ho
- Address correspondence to Y-LH (e-mail: )
| | - Xuan-Mai T Nguyen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jason L Vassy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Gagnon
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA,School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Olagunju AI, Oluwajuyitan TD, Oyeleye SI. Effect of Plantain Bulb's Extract-Beverage Blend on Blood Glucose Levels, Antioxidant Status, and Carbohydrate Hydrolysing Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:362-374. [PMID: 33505930 PMCID: PMC7813600 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of various parts of plantain trees have directed its use in folkloric management of diabetes and other human ailments. However, little is known about plantain bulb extract (PBE) and their mechanisms of action. This study evaluated the effect of PBE-beverage blends (including 1% and 2 % cocoa powder) sweetened with honey on blood glucose levels, antioxidant status, and carbohydrate hydrolysing enzyme activities in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were selected at random and distributed into 7 groups (n=7), as follows: normal control (NC), untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with acarbose (STZ-ACA), diabetic rats administered PBE (STZ- PBE), diabetic rats administered honey and PBE (STZ-HPBE), diabetic rats administered 1% cocoa powder-with HPBE blend (STZ-CHPBE-1), and diabetic rats administered 2% cocoa powder with HPBE blend (STZ-CHPBE-2). Compared with the controls, untreated diabetic rats exhibited increased blood glucose levels and hydrolysing enzyme activities, and significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) enzyme and non-enzymatic (glutathione) antioxidants. However, changes in activities were comparatively reversed in all rats administered plantain bulb formulations. CHPBE-2 was slightly more effective than CHPBE-1. Overall, both blends could serve as nutraceutical and/or functional drinks in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure 34002, Nigeria
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, López-Oliva ME, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. Cocoa ameliorates renal injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by preventing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inactivation of autophagy. Food Funct 2020; 10:7926-7939. [PMID: 31773121 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance, autophagy and apoptosis are main processes involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that cocoa might reduce the risk of diabetic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these potential preventive activities and whether cocoa exerts beneficial effects on dysregulated signalling pathways involved in cellular antioxidant defence, autophagy and apoptosis in the diabetic kidney remain largely unknown. Therefore, this work investigated the effect of a cocoa-rich diet on the mentioned processes in the renal cortex of Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed either a control or cocoa-rich diet (10%), and Zucker lean animals received the control diet (10-20 weeks-of-life). ZDF rats fed with cocoa decreased body weight and glucose and insulin levels, and improved renal function. Cocoa intake further prevented the enhanced renal cortical oxidative stress in diabetic rats by regulating the antioxidant defence system and close-related proteins to cytoprotection and cell response; thus, cocoa diminished oxidative markers (reactive oxygen species and carbonyl groups) and NADPH-oxidase-4 levels, and restored key enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), nuclear-erythroid-2-related factor-2, and ERK-MAPK levels, as well as sirtuin-1/5'-AMP-activated-protein kinase signalling. Moreover, in ZDF rats cocoa-rich diet contributed to alleviation of the renal cortical injury through autophagy activation (p62 upregulation, and downregulation of beclin-1 and LC3), and inhibition of apoptosis (Bcl-xL stimulation and suppression of Bax and caspases-9 and -3). These findings provide the first in vivo evidence on the molecular mechanisms of cocoa to circumvent renal cortical damage that involve improvement of antioxidant competences, stimulation of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez-Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Analysis of urinary metabolic alteration in type 2 diabetic rats treated with metformin using the metabolomics of quantitative spectral deconvolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sarmadi B, Ismail A, Yusof L, Faridz Mod Yunoh M. Mechanism of action of cocoa on bone metabolism in calcium- and estrogen-deficient rat model of osteoporosis: Evidence for site and dose-related responses and involvement of IGF-I. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Raman G, Avendano EE, Chen S, Wang J, Matson J, Gayer B, Novotny JA, Cassidy A. Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1067-1078. [PMID: 31504087 PMCID: PMC6821550 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed the strength of evidence. RESULTS Of 15 prospective cohorts (23 publications), 4 found highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of flavan-3-ols were associated with a 13% reduction in risk of CVD mortality and 2 found a 19% reduction in risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) incidence. Highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of monomers were associated with a reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 5) and stroke (n = 4) (10% and 18%, respectively). No association was found for hypertension. Of 156 RCTs, flavan-3-ol intervention resulted in significant improvements in acute/chronic flow-mediated dilation (FMD), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All analyses, except HbA1c, were associated with moderate/high heterogeneity. When analyses were limited to good methodological quality studies, improvements in TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, and acute/chronic FMD remained significant. In GRADE evaluations, there was moderate evidence in cohort studies that flavan-3-ol and monomer intakes were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality, CHD, stroke, and T2DM, whereas RCTs reported improved TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence supports a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol intake on cardiometabolic outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Future research should focus on an integrated intake/biomarker approach in cohorts and high-quality dose-response RCTs. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018035782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Raman
- Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to GR (e-mail: )
| | - Esther E Avendano
- Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Matson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Bridget Gayer
- Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Aranaz P, Romo-Hualde A, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, López-Yoldi M, González-Ferrero C, Gil AG, Martínez JA, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Low doses of cocoa extract supplementation ameliorate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:4811-4822. [PMID: 31317981 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols exhibit high antioxidant activity and have been proposed as a potential adjuvant for the treatment of metabolic disturbances. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with low doses (14 and 140 mg per kg per rat) of a complete cocoa extract induces metabolic benefits in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of Wistar rats. After 10 weeks, cocoa extract-supplemented animals exhibited significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency, with no differences in energy intake. Cocoa significantly reduced visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous fat accumulation accompanied by a significant reduction in the adipocyte size, which was mediated by downregulation of the adipocyte-specific genes Cebpa, Fasn and Adipoq. Additionally, cocoa extract supplementation reduced the triacylglycerol/high density lipoprotein (TAG/HDL) ratio, decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, improved insulin sensitivity by reducing HOMA-IR, and significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Finally, no adverse effect was observed in an in vivo toxicity evaluation of our cocoa extract at doses up to 500 mg kg-1 day-1. Our data demonstrate that low doses of cocoa extract supplementation (14 and 140 mg kg-1 day-1) are safe and sufficient to counteract obesity and type-2 diabetes in rats and provide new insights into the potential application of cocoa supplements in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Spain.
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Abdul Ghani ZDF, Ab Rashid AH, Shaari K, Chik Z. Urine NMR Metabolomic Study on Biochemical Activities to Investigate the Effect of P. betle Extract on Obese Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:690-708. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Chandran R, Parimelazhagan T, George BP. Antihyperglycemic activity of the bark methanolic extract of Syzygium mundagam in diabetic rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chandran
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, López-Oliva E, Goya L, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. Cocoa intake attenuates renal injury in Zucker Diabetic fatty rats by improving glucose homeostasis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Żyżelewicz D, Bojczuk M, Budryn G, Zduńczyk Z, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Oracz J. Influence of diet based on bread supplemented with raw and roasted cocoa bean extracts on physiological indices of laboratory rats. Food Res Int 2018; 112:209-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Mboma J, Leblanc N, Angers P, Rocher A, Vigor C, Oger C, Reversat G, Vercauteren J, Galano JM, Durand T, Jacques H. Effects of Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers from Heated Vegetable Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7172-7180. [PMID: 29920087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the effects of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) from heated vegetable oils on oxidative stress and inflammation. Wistar rats were fed either of these four diets for 28 days: canola oil (CO), canola oil and 0.5% CFAM (CC), soybean oil (SO), and soybean oil and 0.5% CFAM (SC). Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were determined by micro liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a 2 × 2 factorial design was performed to determine the CFAM and oil effects and interactions between these two factors at P ≤ 0.05. For significant interactions, a post hoc multiple comparison test was performed, i.e., Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) test. CFAM induced higher plasma levels of 15-F2t-IsoP (CC, 396 ± 43 ng/mL, SC, 465 ± 75 ng/mL vs CO, 261 ± 23 ng/mL and SO, 288 ± 35 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Rats fed the SC diet had higher plasma 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP (SC, 145 ± 9 ng/mL vs CC, 84 ± 8 ng/mL, CO, 12 ± 1 ng/mL, and SO, 12 ± 1 ng/mL, P < 0.05), urinary 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP (SC, 117 ± 12 ng/mL vs CC, 67 ± 13 ng/mL, CO, 15 ± 2 ng/mL, and SO, 18 ± 4 ng/mL, P < 0.05), and plasma IL-6 (SC, 57 ± 10 pg/mL vs CC, 48 ± 11 pg/mL, CO, 46 ± 9 pg/mL, and SO, 44 ± 4 pg/mL, P < 0.05) than the other three diet groups. These results indicate that CFAM increased the levels of markers of oxidative stress, and those effects are exacerbated by a CFAM-high-linoleic acid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Paul Angers
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Amandine Rocher
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Jean Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
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19
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Metabolomic analysis and biochemical changes in the urine and serum of streptozotocin-induced normal- and obese-diabetic rats. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:403-416. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Shah SR, Alweis R, Najim NI, Dharani AM, Jangda MA, Shahid M, Kazi AN, Shah SA. Use of dark chocolate for diabetic patients: a review of the literature and current evidence. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2017; 7:218-221. [PMID: 29181133 PMCID: PMC5699188 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2017.1361293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes are a major lifestyle factor that can influence the progression of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Recently, flavanols, a subgroup of plant-derived phytochemicals called flavonoids, have gained increasing attention, due to studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary intake of flavanols and incidence of diabetes. Flavanoids in the cocoa plant may ameliorate insulin resistance by improving endothelial function, altering glucose metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been proposed as the main culprit for insulin resistance. The well-established effects of cocoa on endothelial function also points to a possible effect on insulin sensitivity. The relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial function is a reciprocal one. Overall, the evidence from these studies suggests that cocoa may be useful in slowing the progression to type 2 diabetes and ameliorating insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Additionally, results from several small studies indicate that cocoa may also have therapeutic potential in preventing cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Studies highlighting the potential of cocoa-containing diets, in large-randomized controlled trials should be performed which might give us a better opportunity to analyze the potential health-care benefit for reducing the risk of complications in diabetic patients at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza Shah
- North Florida Regional Medical Center, University of Central Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Alweis
- Department of Medicine, Rochester Regional Health System, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Amin Muhammad Dharani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmed Jangda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maira Shahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nabeel Kazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Syed Arbab Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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21
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Monomeric cocoa catechins enhance β-cell function by increasing mitochondrial respiration. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:30-41. [PMID: 28863367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is β-cell dysfunction and the eventual loss of functional β-cell mass. Therefore, mechanisms that improve or preserve β-cell function could be used to improve the quality of life of individuals with T2D. Studies have shown that monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric cocoa flavanols have different effects on obesity, insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. We hypothesized that these cocoa flavanols may have beneficial effects on β-cell function. INS-1 832/13-derived β-cells and primary rat islets cultured with a monomeric catechin-rich cocoa flavanol fraction demonstrated enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while cells cultured with total cocoa extract and with oligomeric or polymeric procyanidin-rich fraction demonstrated no improvement. The increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of the monomeric catechin-rich fraction corresponded with enhanced mitochondrial respiration, suggesting improvements in β-cell fuel utilization. Mitochondrial complex III, IV and V components are up-regulated after culture with the monomer-rich fraction, corresponding with increased cellular ATP production. The monomer-rich fraction improved cellular redox state and increased glutathione concentration, which corresponds with nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear localization and expression of Nrf2 target genes including nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) and GA binding protein transcription factor alpha subunit (GABPA), essential genes for increasing mitochondrial function. We propose a model by which monomeric cocoa catechins improve the cellular redox state, resulting in Nrf2 nuclear migration and up-regulation of genes critical for mitochondrial respiration, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and ultimately improved β-cell function. These results suggest a mechanism by which monomeric cocoa catechins exert their effects as an effective complementary strategy to benefit T2D patients.
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22
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Tovar-Pérez EG, Guerrero-Becerra L, Lugo-Cervantes E. Antioxidant activity of hydrolysates and peptide fractions of glutelin from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seed. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1297963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik G. Tovar-Pérez
- CONACYT – Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tepic, México
| | - Lucia Guerrero-Becerra
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Zapopan, México
| | - Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Zapopan, México
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23
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Abdul Ghani ZDF, Husin JM, Rashid AHA, Shaari K, Chik Z. Biochemical studies of Piper betle L leaf extract on obese treated animal using 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach of blood serum samples. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:690-697. [PMID: 27725236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Piper betle L. (PB) belongs to the Piperaceae family. The presence of a fairly large quantity of diastase in the betel leaf is deemed to play an important role in starch digestion and calls for the study of weight loss activities and metabolite profile from PB leaf extracts using metabolomics approach to be performed. PB dried leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol and the extracts were subjected to five groups of rats fed with high fat (HF) and standard diet (SD). They were then fed with the extracts in two doses and compared with a negative control group given water only according to the study protocol. The body weights and food intakes were monitored every week. At the end of the study, blood serum of the experimental animal was analysed to determine the biochemical and metabolite changes. PB treated group demonstrated inhibition of body weight gain without showing an effect on the food intake. In serum bioassay, the PB treated group (HF/PB (100mg/kg and 500mg/kg) showed an increased in glucose and cholesterol levels compared to the Standard Diet (SD/WTR) group, a decrease in LDL level and increase in HDL level when compared with High Fat Diet (HF/WTR) group. For metabolite analysis, two separation models were made to determine the metabolite changes via group activities. The best separation of PCA serum in Model 1 and 2 was achieved in principle component 1 and principle component 2. SUS-Plot model showed that HF group was characterized by high-level of glucose, glycine and alanine. Increase in the β-hydroxybutyrate level similar with SD group animals was evident in the HF/PB(500mg/kg) group. This finding suggested that the administration of 500mg/kg PB extracts leads to increase in oxidation process in the body thus maintaining the body weight and without giving an effect on the appetite even though HF was continuously consumed by the animals until the end of the studies and also a reduction in food intake, thus maintaining their body weight although they were continuously consumed HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleen Delina Fasya Abdul Ghani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur; Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Juani Mazmin Husin
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Khozirah Shaari
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Chik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
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High-molecular-weight cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced insulin-enhancing and insulin mimetic activities in human primary skeletal muscle cells compared to smaller procyanidins. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:48-58. [PMID: 27816760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is a primary hallmark of metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes, obesity, etc.). Complementary nonpharmaceutical strategies are needed to prevent and/or ameliorate dysregulation of glucose metabolism and prevent progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes across the lifespan. Cocoa compounds, particularly the procyanidins, have shown promise for improving insulin sensitivity and blood glucose homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cocoa procyanidins exert these functions remain poorly understood. Furthermore, cocoa procyanidins exhibit size diversity, and evidence suggests that procyanidin bioactivity and size may be related. Here, we show that a procyanidin-rich cocoa extract elicits an antidiabetic effect by stimulating glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake, independent of insulin. Cocoa procyanidins did not appear to act via stimulation of AMPK or CaMKII activities. Additionally, in the presence of insulin, glycogen synthesis and AKT phosphorylation were affected. These mechanisms of action are most pronounced in response to oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins. These results demonstrate (1) specific mechanisms by which cocoa procyanidins improve glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and (2) that larger procyanidins appear to possess enhanced activities. These mechanistic insights suggest specific strategies and biological contexts that may be exploited to maximize the antidiabetic benefits of cocoa procyanidins.
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25
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Metabolic and biochemical changes in streptozotocin induced obese-diabetic rats treated with Phyllanthus niruri extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:302-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Anti-Diabetic Activity and Metabolic Changes Induced by Andrographis paniculata Plant Extract in Obese Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081026. [PMID: 27517894 PMCID: PMC6273188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is an annual herb and widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries for its medicinal use. In recent investigations, A. paniculata was found to be effective against Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). Here, we used a non-genetic out-bred Sprague-Dawley rat model to test the antidiabetic activity of A. paniculata against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analyses was used to evaluate the A. paniculata and metformin induced metabolic effects on the obese and obese–diabetic (obdb) rat models. Compared to the normal rats, high levels of creatinine, lactate, and allantoin were found in the urine of obese rats, whereas, obese-diabetic rats were marked by high glucose, choline and taurine levels, and low lactate, formate, creatinine, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, dimethylamine, acetoacetate, acetate, allantoin and hippurate levels. Treatment of A. paniculata leaf water extract was found to be quite effective in restoring the disturbed metabolic profile of obdb rats back towards normal conditions. Thisstudy shows the anti-diabetic potential of A. paniculata plant extract and strengthens the idea of using this plant against the diabetes. Further classical genetic methods and state of the art molecular techniques could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and anti-diabetic effects of A. paniculata water extract.
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Oracz J, Zyzelewicz D, Nebesny E. The content of polyphenolic compounds in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.), depending on variety, growing region, and processing operations: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1176-92. [PMID: 24915346 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.686934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols form the largest group of compounds among natural antioxidants, which largely affect the overall antioxidant and anti-free radical activity of cocoa beans. The qualitative and quantitative composition of individual fractions of polyphenolic compounds, even within one species, is very diverse and depends on many factors, mainly on the area of cocoa trees cultivation, bean maturity, climatic conditions during growth, and the harvest season and storage time after harvest. Thermal processing of cocoa beans and cocoa derivative products at relatively high temperatures may in addition to favorable physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic changes result in a decrease of polyphenols concentration. Technological processing of cocoa beans negatively affects the content of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- a Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Lodz University of Technology , Lodz , Poland
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Abas F, Khatib A, Perumal V, Suppaiah V, Ismail A, Hamid M, Shaari K, Lajis NH. Metabolic alteration in obese diabetes rats upon treatment with Centella asiatica extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:60-69. [PMID: 26775274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'Pegaga' is a traditional Malay remedy for a wide range of complaints. Among the 'pegaga', Centella asiatica has been used as a remedy for diabetes mellitus. Thus, we decided to validate this claim by evaluating the in vivo antidiabetic property of C. asiatica (CA) on T2DM rat model using the holistic (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach. METHOD In this study, an obese diabetic (mimic of T2DM condition) animal model was developed using Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced into diabetic condition by the treatment of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The effect of C. asiatica extract on the experimental animals was followed based on the changes observed in the urinary and serum metabolites, measured by (1)H NMR of urine and blood samples collected over the test period. RESULTS A long-term treatment of obese diabetic rats with CA extract could reverse the glucose and lipid levels, as well as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolic disorders, back towards normal states. Biochemical analysis also showed an increase of insulin production in diabetic rats upon treatment of CA extract. CONCLUSION This study has provided evidence that clearly supported the traditional use of CA as a remedy for diabetes. NMR-based metabolomics was successfully applied to show that CA produced both anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects on a rat model. In addition to increasing the insulin secretion, the CA extract also ameliorates the metabolic pathways affected in the induced diabetic rats. This study further revealed the potential usage of CA extract in managing diabetes mellitus and the results of this work may contribute towards the further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of this herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - V Perumal
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Suppaiah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - N H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Al-Moalim BinLaden Chair for Scientific Miracles of Prophetic Medicine, Scientific Chairs Unit, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30001, Madinah al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
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Mellor DD, Naumovski N. Effect of cocoa in diabetes: the potential of the pancreas and liver as key target organs, more than an antioxidant effect? Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duane D. Mellor
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Public Health and Nutrition; Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce 2617 Canberra ACT Australia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; School of Biosciences; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus College Road Sutton Bonington Loughborough Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Public Health and Nutrition; Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce 2617 Canberra ACT Australia
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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31
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Liu B, Ma JM, Chen HW, Li ZL, Sun LH, Zeng Z, Jiang H. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of phenolic acid amides with l-amino acid moiety. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acid amides with a l-amino acid moiety showed excellent inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Ji-Mei Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hang-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Zi-Long Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Lin-Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
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Abstract
Tannins are considered as valuable plant secondary metabolites providing many benefits for human health. In this review information was gathered about bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, as well as about conducted clinical trials. The literature research was based on ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and presents a wide range of tested activities of tannins. The described clinical trials verify laboratory tests and show the effective health benefits taken from supplementation with tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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33
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Navarro E, Funtikova AN, Fíto M, Schröder H. Can metabolically healthy obesity be explained by diet, genetics, and inflammation? Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:75-93. [PMID: 25418549 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of obese individuals do not present cardiometabolic complications such as diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Some, but not all, prospective studies observe similar risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among individuals with this so-called "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype, compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight or metabolically healthy non-obese phenotypes. Compared to the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotype, MHO is often characterized by a more favorable inflammatory profile, less visceral fat, less infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, and smaller adipocyte cell size. Tipping the inflammation balance in adipose tissue might be particularly important for metabolic health in the obese. While the potential role of genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors such as diet in the MHO phenotype is yet to be clarified, it is well known that diet affects inflammation profile and contributes to the functionality of adipose tissue. This review will discuss genetic predisposition and the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential effect of food on the development of the metabolic phenotype characteristic of obesity.
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Cordero-Herrera I, Martín MÁ, Fernández-Millán E, Álvarez C, Goya L, Ramos S. Cocoa and cocoa flavanol epicatechin improve hepatic lipid metabolism in in vivo and in vitro models. Role of PKCζ. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Hepatic genome-wide expression of lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity rats treated with cocoa polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Ali F, Ismail A, Esa NM, Pei C. Cocoa polyphenols treatment ameliorates visceral obesity by reduction lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation genes in obese rats through interfering with AMPK pathway. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chong Pei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
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de Oliveira TB, Rogero MM, Genovese MI. Poliphenolic-rich extracts from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Willd. Ex Spreng. K. Shum) liquors: A comparison of metabolic effects in high-fat fed rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ali F, Ranneh Y, Ismail A, Esa NM. Identification of phenolic compounds in polyphenols-rich extract of Malaysian cocoa powder using the HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS and probing their antioxidant properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:2103-11. [PMID: 25829590 PMCID: PMC4375169 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant components of cocoa powder, which is rich in polyphenols, were isolated using column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Polyphenolic compounds were then characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography/Ultraviolet and electronspray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-/ESI-MS-MS). As a result, five phenolic compounds were detected. In this study we also investigated scavenging or the total antioxidant capacity (%) of cocoa polyphenol (CP) fractionated from cocoa powder extract. 114.0 mg/g of gallic acid -equivalent phenolics and 94.3 mg/g catechin- equivalent flavonoids were quantified in this extract. Their free radical-scavenging activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, β-carotene bleaching test, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (OX). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was further assessed against the myoglobin-induced oxidation of 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (ABTS) and expressed as Trolox equivalent. A high correlation between TAC and phenolic contents indicated that phenolic compounds from cocoa were a major contributor of antioxidant activity (0.967 ≤ r ≤ 1.00). CP extract had significantly (P < 0.05) potential antioxidant activities with various concentrations. These results suggest that Polyphenols-rich cocoa extract possess prominent medical properties and can be exploited as natural drug to treat free radical associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yazan Ranneh
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Cordero-Herrera I, Martín MÁ, Escrivá F, Álvarez C, Goya L, Ramos S. Cocoa-rich diet ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by modulating insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:704-12. [PMID: 25814291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the primary characteristic of type 2 diabetes and results from insulin signaling defects. Cocoa has been shown to exert anti-diabetic effects by lowering glucose levels. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this preventive activity and whether cocoa exerts potential beneficial effects on the insulin signaling pathway in the liver remain largely unknown. Thus, in this study, the potential anti-diabetic properties of cocoa on glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling were evaluated in type 2 diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed a control or cocoa-rich diet (10%), and Zucker lean animals received the control diet. ZDF rats supplemented with cocoa (ZDF-Co) showed a significant decrease in body weight gain, glucose and insulin levels, as well as an improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Cocoa-rich diet further ameliorated the hepatic insulin resistance by abolishing the increased serine-phosphorylated levels of the insulin receptor substrate 1 and preventing the inactivation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3/glycogen synthase pathway in the liver of cocoa-fed ZDF rats. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of cocoa appeared to be at least mediated through the decreased levels of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and increased values of glucokinase and glucose transporter 2 in the liver of ZDF-Co rats. Moreover, cocoa-rich diet suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 activation caused by insulin resistance. These findings suggest that cocoa has the potential to alleviate both hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cordero-Herrera
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Noratto G, Martino HSD, Simbo S, Byrne D, Mertens-Talcott SU. Consumption of polyphenol-rich peach and plum juice prevents risk factors for obesity-related metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease in Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:633-41. [PMID: 25801980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols from fruits have been implied in the prevention of risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the consumption of peach and plum juice has a protective effect against obesity and metabolic disorders that promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Obese Zucker and lean rats were fed with peach, plum juice ad libitum or placebo. Body weight gain, biochemical markers and molecular markers for inflammation and cardiovascular disease in heart tissue were quantified. Results show that peach and plum juice consumption protected against a combination of obesity-induced metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, insulin and leptin resistance, dyslipidemia and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and heart tissues including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, NF-κB and foam cell adherence to aortic arches. In addition, peach and plum juice consumption decreased the levels of angiotensin II in plasma and its receptor Agtr1 in heart tissues, suggesting a role of peach and plum polyphenols as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists. Furthermore, only plum juice significantly prevented body weight gain and increased the ratio high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol in plasma. This effect is most likely attributed to the plum's higher content of polyphenols (three times that of peach). Altogether, these results imply that cardioprotective effects can be achieved by replacing drinks high in sugar content with fruit juice rich in polyphenols in a diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Noratto
- School of Food Science, Washington State University-University of Idaho, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Hercia S D Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sunday Simbo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David Byrne
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Matsumoto C, Petrone AB, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Chocolate consumption and risk of diabetes mellitus in the Physicians' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:362-7. [PMID: 25646334 PMCID: PMC4307206 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported beneficial effects of cocoa or chocolate on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which are important risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is unclear whether chocolate consumption is associated with risk of DM. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is inversely associated with incident DM in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS). DESIGN We prospectively analyzed data on 18,235 PHS participants who were free of DM at baseline (1997-2001). Chocolate consumption was obtained from a baseline food-frequency questionnaire. Incident DM was ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample by a review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of DM. RESULTS The mean (±SD) age at baseline was 66.3 ± 9.2 y. During a mean follow up of 9.2 y, 1123 men (6.2%) developed DM. For self-reported chocolate consumption of none, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and ≥2 servings/wk, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of DM adjusted for lifestyle, clinical, and dietary risk factors including total energy intake were 1.00 (referent), 0.93 (0.79, 1.09), 0.86 (0.72, 1.04), and 0.83 (0.69, 0.99), respectively (P-trend = 0.047). In secondary analyses, the inverse association of chocolate consumption and risk of DM was slightly stronger in subjects without a history of cardiovascular disease or heart failure (P-trend = 0.023). In addition, both age and BMI modified the chocolate-DM relation (P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSION Our data support an inverse relation of chocolate intake with incident DM, which appears only to apply in younger and normal-body weight men after controlling for comprehensive life styles including total energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Matsumoto
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (CM); the Divisions of Aging (ABP, HDS, JMG, and LD) and Preventive Medicine (HDS and JMG), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (HDS, JMG, and LD); and the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG and LD)
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (CM); the Divisions of Aging (ABP, HDS, JMG, and LD) and Preventive Medicine (HDS and JMG), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (HDS, JMG, and LD); and the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG and LD)
| | - Howard D Sesso
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (CM); the Divisions of Aging (ABP, HDS, JMG, and LD) and Preventive Medicine (HDS and JMG), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (HDS, JMG, and LD); and the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG and LD)
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (CM); the Divisions of Aging (ABP, HDS, JMG, and LD) and Preventive Medicine (HDS and JMG), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (HDS, JMG, and LD); and the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG and LD)
| | - Luc Djoussé
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (CM); the Divisions of Aging (ABP, HDS, JMG, and LD) and Preventive Medicine (HDS and JMG), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (HDS, JMG, and LD); and the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG and LD)
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Fernández-Millán E, Cordero-Herrera I, Ramos S, Escrivá F, Alvarez C, Goya L, Martín MA. Cocoa-rich diet attenuates beta cell mass loss and function in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats by preventing oxidative stress and beta cell apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:820-4. [PMID: 25559866 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that cocoa flavanols may have anti-diabetic potential by promoting survival and function of pancreatic beta-cells in vitro. In this work, we investigated if a cocoa-rich diet is able to preserve beta-cell mass and function in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that cocoa feeding during the prediabetic state attenuates hyperglycaemia, reduces insulin resistant, and increases beta cell mass and function in obese Zucker diabetic rats. At the molecular level, cocoa-rich diet prevented beta-cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of Bcl-xL and decreasing Bax levels and caspase-3 activity. Cocoa diet enhanced the activity of endogenous antioxidant defenses, mainly glutathione peroxidase, preventing thus oxidative injury induced by the pre-diabetic condition and leading to apoptosis prevention. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that a cocoa-rich diet may delay the loss of functional beta-cell mass and delay the progression of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress and beta-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fernández-Millán
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Ali F, Ismail A, Esa NM, Pei CP. Transcriptomics expression analysis to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the cocoa polyphenol treatment in diet-induced obesity rats. Genomics 2015; 105:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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45
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Baharum Z, Akim AM, Taufiq-Yap YH, Hamid RA, Kasran R. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of methanolic plant part extracts of Theobroma cacao. Molecules 2014; 19:18317-31. [PMID: 25389662 PMCID: PMC6271502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of the following Theobroma cacao plant part methanolic extracts: leaf, bark, husk, fermented and unfermented shell, pith, root, and cherelle. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and Folin-Ciocalteu assays; the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine antiproliferative activity. The root extract had the highest antioxidant activity; its median effective dose (EC50) was 358.3±7.0 µg/mL and total phenolic content was 22.0±1.1 g GAE/100 g extract as compared to the other methanolic plant part extracts. Only the cherelle extract demonstrated 10.4%±1.1% inhibition activity in the lipid peroxidation assay. The MTT assay revealed that the leaf extract had the highest antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells [median inhibitory concentration (IC50)=41.4±3.3 µg/mL]. Given the overall high IC50 for the normal liver cell line WRL-68, this study indicates that T. cacao methanolic extracts have a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Planned future investigations will involve the purification, identification, determination of the mechanisms of action, and molecular assay of T. cacao plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainal Baharum
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Roslida Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosmin Kasran
- Division of Biotechnology, Centre for Cocoa Biotechnology Research, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Commercial Zone 1, North KKIP, Norowot Road, 88460 Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park, Sabah, Malaysia.
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46
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Theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline metabolites in human plasma and urine after consumption of soluble cocoa products with different methylxanthine contents. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Mokiran NN, Ismail A, Azlan A, Hamid M, Hassan FA. Effect of dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) fruit extract on biochemical parameters of induced obese–diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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48
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Dorenkott MR, Griffin LE, Goodrich KM, Thompson-Witrick KA, Fundaro G, Ye L, Stevens JR, Ali M, O'Keefe SF, Hulver MW, Neilson AP. Oligomeric cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced bioactivity compared to monomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidins for preventing the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance during high-fat feeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2216-2227. [PMID: 24559282 DOI: 10.1021/jf500333y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is interest in the potential of cocoa flavanols, including monomers and procyanidins, to prevent obesity and type-2 diabetes. Fermentation and processing of cocoa beans influence the qualitative and quantitative profiles of individual cocoa constituents. Little is known regarding how different cocoa flavanols contribute to inhibition of obesity and type-2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to compare the impacts of long-term dietary exposure to cocoa flavanol monomers, oligomers, and polymers on the effects of high-fat feeding. Mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either a cocoa flavanol extract or a flavanol fraction enriched with monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric procyanidins for 12 weeks. The oligomer-rich fraction proved to be most effective in preventing weight gain, fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance in this model. This is the first long-term feeding study to examine the relative activities of cocoa constituents on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Dorenkott
- Department of Food Science and Technology, ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, and #Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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49
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Mohamed S. Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Auberval N, Dal S, Bietiger W, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard-Pedracini E, Schini-Kerth V, Sigrist S. Metabolic and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats after 2 months on a high-fat diet. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:130. [PMID: 25960774 PMCID: PMC4424531 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and hepatic complications. Oxidative stress in metabolic tissues has emerged as a universal feature of metabolic syndrome and its co-morbidities. We aimed to develop a rapidly and easily induced model of metabolic syndrome in rats to evaluate its impact on plasma and tissue oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD), and these rats were compared to rats fed a normal diet (ND) for 2 months. Metabolic control was determined by measuring body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in plasma. Insulinemia was evaluated through the measure of C-peptide. Histological analysis was performed on the pancreas, liver and blood vessels. RESULTS After 2 months, the HFD induced an increase in body weight, insulin and triglycerides. Liver steatosis was also observed in the HFD group, which was associated with an increase in glycogen storage. In the pancreas, the HFD induced islet hyperplasia. Tissue oxidative stress was also increased in the liver, pancreas and blood vessels, but plasma oxidative stress remained unchanged. CONCLUSION This paper reports the development of a fast and easy model of rat metabolic syndrome associated with tissue oxidative stress. This model may be a good tool for the biological validation of drugs or antioxidants to limit or prevent the complications of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auberval
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- />Département de Pharmacologie et Physicochimie, UMR 7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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